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Chadwick SB. The Prioritization of Women's Orgasms During Heterosex: A Critical Feminist Review of the Implications for Women's Sexual Liberation. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39259516 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2399153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Orgasm is considered by many to be an essential part of women's ideal sexual experiences. As a result, sexual liberation narratives have often advocated for the prioritization of women's orgasms - particularly during heterosex - framing them as a central indicator of "good," healthy, liberated sex. However, scholars have increasingly critiqued these narratives, arguing that they result in an orgasm imperative that has negatively impacted women's sexual lives. Perspectives that promote the prioritization of women's orgasm and those that warn against the negative repercussions strive for the same thing - to draw attention to women's sexuality in ways that will lead to more pleasurable, enjoyable, and equitable sex for women overall. Yet, together, they offer contradictory messages about the role that women's orgasms can or should play in women's sexual liberation. For example, one could argue that it perhaps makes sense to prioritize women's orgasms given that they often are highly pleasurable for women, center a unique form of embodied pleasure, and offer a supposedly clear objective for women and their men partners. On the other hand, such narratives frame women's orgasm absence as abnormal, concede to men's sexuality in problematic ways, and constrain more comprehensive possibilities for women's sexual pleasure. In this critical feminist review, I offer a summative outline of these and other contradictions, focusing on how narratives prioritizing women's orgasms can have simultaneous benefits and negative repercussions when it comes to (1) women's sexual pleasure, (2) the medicalization/pathologization of women's orgasms, and (3) heterosex norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Chadwick
- Departments of Gender and Women's Studies and Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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2
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de Jong DC, Adams KN. The Motives for Solo Masturbation Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2024:1-23. [PMID: 39155865 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2024.2391348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Solo masturbation is prevalent across adulthood. However, there are conflicting findings regarding how masturbation is associated with well-being. Understanding individuals' motives for masturbating might help disentangle these conflicting findings; yet, existing measures are suboptimal for assessing motives for solo masturbation. In this study, 2960 adults (18-84 years old, Mage = 32.62, SDage = 11.36, 60.2% men, 36.8% women) who had engaged in solo masturbation within the past year responded to items, written based on existing literature, reflecting a wide range of motives for masturbating. Exploratory factor analysis revealed eight factors that warranted retention (Fantasy, Pleasure/Arousal, Compulsion, Improvement, Sexual Dissatisfaction, Coping, Efficiency, and Avoidance of Risky Sex), and this structure was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance was established across men and women, and individuals in and not in a sexually active romantic relationship. The resultant measure comprises 24 items assessing eight distinct motives. Fit indices and scale reliabilities suggest this new measure of masturbation motives is psychometrically sound. Correlations with related constructs (e.g., sex drive, dissatisfaction with partnered sex, religiosity, depression, anxiety, and attitudes toward masturbation) provide preliminary evidence of validity. Suggestions for future investigations and further development of this new measure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C de Jong
- Department of Psychology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | - Katie N Adams
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Shan D, Song Y, Zhang Y, Luo P, Dai Z, Dai Z. Associations between masturbation frequency, anxiety, and sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 era. Int J Impot Res 2024:10.1038/s41443-024-00961-z. [PMID: 39128938 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-024-00961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has markedly influenced people's lifestyle and sexual behaviors, including masturbation patterns. This study delved into how masturbation frequency could impact anxiety levels, sleep quality, and somatic symptoms post-masturbation among Chinese adults during this period. From December 2022 to January 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional survey, gathering data via WenJuanXing, a leading online survey platform in China. This platform facilitated the recruitment of a diverse cohort, spanning various age groups and geographical locations. Masturbation frequency among participants was subjectively categorized into three levels: 'lesser' (a few times over the past year), 'moderate' (once to three times a month), and 'greater' (weekly to almost daily). To assess anxiety levels and sleep quality, we employed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Among 1500 participants, we received 1423 valid responses. Among these, 65% (n = 930) reported engaging in masturbation in the past year, of whom 87.5% reported subjectively experiencing various levels of fatigue post-masturbation. These 930 responses were subsequently analyzed in-depth (e.g., non-parametric test and pathway analysis), with ages ranging from 18 to 54 years (mean age = 30.5, SD = 7.42). Notably, our findings indicate that participants with greater masturbation frequency exhibited higher anxiety levels [GAD-7 median score: 6 (lesser) vs. 4 (moderate) vs. 8 (greater), p < 0.001, Cohen's f = 0.41] and poorer sleep quality [PSQI median score: 5 (lesser) vs. 4 (moderate) vs. 7 (greater), p < 0.001, Cohen's f = 0.46]. A rough positive correlation between masturbation frequency and PSQI score was also observed (β = 0.16, p < 0.001). These results suggest potential mental and sleep benefits at moderate frequencies, especially in contrast to greater frequencies. However, the cross-sectional design and subjective categorization of masturbation frequency in our study limit our ability to draw definitive causal conclusions. These limitations highlight the need for future longitudinal research employing more precise categorizations of masturbation behavior, such as frequency, to delve deeper into these relationships and understand their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shan
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yuming Song
- School of Medical Imaging, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanyi Zhang
- Chinese Association of Sexology (ChAS), Guangzhou, China
| | - Pincheng Luo
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Zijie Dai
- Division of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zhihao Dai
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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Vitz PC, Williams WV. The Medical, Sociological, Psychological, Religious, and Spiritual Aspects of Masturbation and a Potential Approach to Therapy Based on Catholic Teaching and Virtues Psychology. LINACRE QUARTERLY 2024; 91:296-314. [PMID: 39104464 PMCID: PMC11298102 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231199058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Masturbation is common and generally accepted in Western society as a normal, healthy activity. In contrast, the Catholic Church holds that masturbation is immoral. Noting that the human person is a profound unity of body and spirit, if the Church is correct, masturbation should have negative effects on the human person. If the secular view is correct, masturbation should have conversely positive effects. This paper is divided into three parts. An in-depth literature survey was performed to evaluate the physical, medical, psychological, sociological and spiritual correlates of masturbation. The second part is a theological summary of the Catholic understanding of masturbation. The third part is an approach to therapy. Physically, masturbation was found to be less sexually satisfying than intercourse. Medical complications include penile injury and self-asphyxial behavior. Psychologically, masturbation was found to be associated with depression, anxiety, immature defenses, hypersexuality, guilt, poor body self-image and stress in the workplace. Sociologically most studies indicate a negative correlation between masturbation and relationship satisfaction, quality, intimacy, relational happiness, emotional satisfaction with the partner, trust, passion, and love. Spiritually, masturbation is highly positively correlated with pornography consumption and negatively with religion and religiosity. There is a higher rate of masturbation in homosexuals and bisexuals than in heterosexuals. Theologically, masturbation and pornography directly violate the religious virtue of chastity, undermining one's prayer life and the motivation to develop a spiritual life. Therapeutically, positive psychology, which emphasizes cultivating what it identifies as virtues, including justice, courage, temperance, wisdom (similar to prudence), transcendence (similar to hope) and humanity (similar to charity), can be used to counsel individuals struggling with masturbation. Once the harms are understood, a person can be counseled that this temptation represents a challenge, an opportunity to build self-control, and with self-control the capacity to develop character strengths and major virtues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Vitz
- Institute for Psychological Science, Divine Mercy University and Archdiocese of Philadelphia, Sterling, VA, USA
| | - William V. Williams
- Institute for Psychological Science, Divine Mercy University and Archdiocese of Philadelphia, Sterling, VA, USA
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O’Kane KMK, Goldberg SY, Bouchard KN, Dawson SJ. Busting MisconSEXions: evaluation of a social media knowledge translation initiative addressing myths about sex. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1347493. [PMID: 39006551 PMCID: PMC11241140 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a critical gap in sex education such that many people lack access to evidence-based and accessible information about sexuality, putting them at risk for endorsing myths about sex and in turn having poorer sexual wellbeing. To address this gap, we developed a novel social media knowledge translation initiative-MisconSEXions-to debunk common myths about sexuality. The goal of this study was twofold. First, to examine whether exposure to MisconSEXions is effective for reducing sexuality myth endorsement. Second, to evaluate the acceptability (participants' satisfaction with the content), appropriateness (the perceived fit of the content with participants), adoption (participants' intention to engage with the initiative), and penetration (participants' perception of the content's impact on their lives) of MisconSEXions among study participants. We also examined possible group differences in our observed effects by assigned sex, gender modality, and sexual orientation. A large and diverse sample (N = 2,356) of adults completed an online survey and reported on their demographics, sexuality myth endorsement before and after exposure to MisconSEXions content, and the acceptability, appropriateness, adoption, and penetration of the MisconSEXions content. We found that participants' sexuality myth endorsement was significantly lower following exposure to MisconSEXions content, and this effect held across assigned sex, gender modality, and sexual orientation groups. Regardless of participants' assigned sex, gender modality, or sexual orientation, MisconSEXions content was reported to be both acceptable and appropriate to people's lives. Participants reported relatively low levels of adoption, such that they reported reluctance to engage with the content on social media. Additionally, participants reported mixed feelings regarding the impact of the content on their lives (i.e., penetration). Overall, the findings have implications for how sexuality social media knowledge translation initiatives can fill important gaps in providing inclusive and accessible sex education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarah M. K. O’Kane
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simone Y. Goldberg
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katrina N. Bouchard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samantha J. Dawson
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kılıç D, Armstrong HL, Graham CA. (Dis)Similarities in Attitudes Between Partners About Women's Solo Masturbation: A Dyadic Approach to Solo Masturbation and Its Associations with Sexual Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38935022 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2370943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Attitudes among couples about women's solo masturbation are not well understood. The primary aim of this study was to assess (dis)similarities in attitudes between partners about women's solo masturbation and associations of each partner's attitudes with women's and their partners' sexual satisfaction. One hundred and four mixed-sex couples (M = 27.43 years), recruited through social networking websites and Prolific (an online research participant platform), completed an online survey about demographics, their experiences of solo masturbation, and validated measures of attitudes about women's masturbation and sexual satisfaction. Dyadic data were analyzed using correlational methods and the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Women and their partners reported similar and positive attitudes about women's solo masturbation. For women, reports of positive attitudes toward women's solo masturbation were associated with both their own and their partner's sexual satisfaction; there were no associations for men. The role of solo masturbation within romantic relationships is complex but our results support the idea that women's masturbation is now less stigmatized than commonly thought. Normalizing and including masturbation in the sexual script for individuals in relationships may help maximize their, and their partners,' sexual satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Kılıç
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton
| | | | - Cynthia A Graham
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton
- Department of Gender Studies, The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University
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Schleifenbaum L, Stern J, Driebe JC, Wieczorek LL, Gerlach TM, Arslan RC, Penke L. Ovulatory cycle shifts in human motivational prioritisation of sex and food. Horm Behav 2024; 162:105542. [PMID: 38636206 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Previous research on the endogenous effects of ovarian hormones on motivational states in women has focused on sexual motivation. The Motivational Priority Shifts Hypothesis has a broader scope. It predicts a shift from somatic to reproductive motivation when fertile. In a highly powered preregistered online diary study across 40 days, we tested whether 390 women report such an ovulatory shift in sexual and eating motivation and behaviour. We compared 209 naturally cycling women to 181 women taking hormonal contraceptives (HC) to rule out non-ovulatory changes across the cycle as confounders. We found robust ovulatory decreases in food intake and increases in general sexual desire, in-pair sexual desire and initiation of dyadic sexual behaviour. Extra-pair sexual desire increased mid-cycle, but the effect did not differ significantly in HC women, questioning an ovulatory effect. Descriptively, solitary sexual desire and behaviour, dyadic sexual behaviour, appetite, and satiety showed expected mid-cycle changes that were diminished in HC women, but these failed to reach our strict preregistered significance level. Our results provide insight into current theoretical debates about ovulatory cycle shifts while calling for future research to determine motivational mechanisms behind ovulatory changes in food intake and considering romantic partners' motivational states to explain the occurrence of dyadic sexual behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schleifenbaum
- Georg August University Goettingen, Germany; Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Tanja M Gerlach
- Georg August University Goettingen, Germany; Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Germany; Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | | | - Lars Penke
- Georg August University Goettingen, Germany; Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Germany.
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Lievesley R, Swaby H, Winder B, Norman C, Hocken K. "One a Day Keeps the Prison Away": Understanding the Experiences of Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offences Receiving Anti-Androgens for the Treatment of Problematic Sexual Arousal. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:2141-2158. [PMID: 38594464 PMCID: PMC11176105 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Problematic sexual arousal (PSA) is an umbrella term to describe a range of clinical presentations related to excessive sexual thinking (e.g., sexual preoccupation) and sexual behavior (e.g., hypersexuality). Although such concepts are known to affect sexual recidivism among individuals convicted of sexual offences, PSA is not routinely or directly targeted in offending behavior programs in England and Wales. However, in recent years, there have been moves to incorporate pharmacological interventions for addressing this among people with sexual offence histories. Although some work to understand the experiences of those taking SSRI medication for this purpose has emerged, little is known about the experiences of service users taking anti-androgen medication. In this study, we interviewed all individuals in prison taking anti-androgens for the treatment of problematic sexual arousal following convictions for sexual offences in England at the time of data collection (N = 10). Using a phenomenologically oriented thematic analysis, we established themes pertaining to "Differing needs: Motivations for treatment," "Medication as a risk management strategy," and how the medication helped the men in their pursuit of "Discovering a 'new me'." This work contributes important knowledge to inform the development of ethical and effective prescribing of anti-androgen medication with this population and offer recommendations for both future research and the development of clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lievesley
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK.
| | - Helen Swaby
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Belinda Winder
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Christine Norman
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Kerensa Hocken
- Midlands Psychology Services, His Majesty's Prison and Probation Service, Nottingham, UK
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Wehrli FSV, Bodenmann GJ, Clemen J, Weitkamp K. Exploring the Role of Masturbation as a Coping Strategy in Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2024; 36:237-256. [PMID: 39148919 PMCID: PMC11323945 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2024.2344812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Recent findings suggest that individuals tend to engage in masturbation more frequently when experiencing elevated levels of psychological stress, and there appears to be distinguishable effects on stress response based on clitoral and vaginal stimulation. In this concurrent mixed-method study, we aimed to investigate this association in more detail using a convenience sample of 370 women. Methods Quantitative data were used to examine whether higher psychological distress was associated with higher levels of masturbation frequency depending on the mode of stimulation, while qualitative data gave further insight into this association. Results In regression analysis, higher levels of general and subscale-specific psychological distress were significantly associated with higher clitoral, but not combined clitoral and vaginal masturbation frequency. Qualitative content analysis showed that masturbation was used as a reliable coping strategy and self-care strategy which induced positive affective states, such as happiness and relaxation. Very few women reported negative feelings associated with masturbation. Mixed-method analysis revealed that women who indicated to use of masturbation for coping or self-care or who reported negative feelings did not differ in their level of psychological distress from women who did not report using it. The positive effects of masturbation were not related to the mode of stimulation. Conclusions Results showed the complexity of how psychological distress is related to sexual activity and point to the potential benefits of masturbation for dealing with psychological distress and for enhancing general well-being. Our results have various implications for researchers, clinicians, and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne S. V. Wehrli
- Clinical Psychology for Childern/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guy J. Bodenmann
- Clinical Psychology for Childern/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Clemen
- Clinical Psychology for Childern/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Weitkamp
- Clinical Psychology for Childern/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Soares RF, Leites GT, de Araujo TG, Pedreti GP, Cerentini TM, da Rosa PV. Masturbation, sexual function, and genital self-image of undergraduate women: a cross-sectional study. J Sex Med 2024; 21:211-216. [PMID: 38258991 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between factors related to masturbation, sexual function, and genital self-image among women has not been fully explored in the literature. AIM The study sought to investigate the association between masturbation frequency, feelings, and behaviors with sexual function and genital self-image in young women. METHODS A cross-sectional survey among 110 undergraduate female students was conducted. Online self-administered questionnaires to assess sociodemographic characteristics, masturbatory frequency, feelings, and behavior were completed. Participants also answered the Brazilian version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS). OUTCOMES The outcome includes masturbation frequency and behaviors associated, as well as scores on the FSFI and FGSIS. RESULTS Women showed higher scores in FSFI subdomains when masturbation was considered important for them, along with reported feelings of empowerment and satisfaction during this activity. However, those who experienced negative emotions during masturbation, such as shame or guilt, demonstrated a significant association with lower scores in both FSFI and FGSIS. Masturbation frequency was found to correlate with better sexual function specifically in the desire domain among women who engaged in daily masturbation. Additionally, an association was observed between higher scores in the FGSIS and increased scores in the domains of satisfaction, arousal, and orgasm within the FSFI. There was an association in the domain's satisfaction, arousal, and orgasm of the FSFI with greater scores in FGSIS. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The clinical implications encompass the augmentation of understanding pertaining to female sexual function. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The study provides valuable insights into the sexual behavior of undergraduate female students, and its methodology improves openness in responses, as it provides anonymity given the sensitive nature of the topic studied. Study limitations include the unsuitability of the FSFI questionnaire for sexually inactive women in the past 4 weeks; the participation bias and reporting bias in sexuality searches; and the unknown validity of the investigator-derived questionnaire about masturbation, as it has not been previously validated. CONCLUSION Masturbation frequency has minimal to no impact on female sexual function, whereas harboring positive feelings toward it and maintaining a positive genital self-image may exert a positive influence on sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Fernandes Soares
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Tomedi Leites
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Gomes de Araujo
- Service of Care Integrate the Sexual Health, Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 900350-076, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Paludo Pedreti
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Taís Marques Cerentini
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Patricia Viana da Rosa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
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Wetzel GM, Sanchez DT, Cole S. Feasibility Cues during a Sexual Encounter Impact the Strength of Heterosexual Women's Orgasm Goal Pursuit. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:196-215. [PMID: 36725345 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2168599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The "orgasm gap" for women who have sex with men remains a pressing gender equity issue. Recent research found that women who pursued orgasm as a goal were more likely to have one. The current research replicated this relationship between orgasm goal pursuit and orgasm frequency for heterosexual women, and found that this relationship did not exist for heterosexual men (Study 1). Then, across two experimental studies, we examined how heterosexual women vary their orgasm goal pursuit across sexual encounters. In Study 2, women who read that a hypothetical sexual encounter would be "quick" reported less intent to pursue orgasm than women who were told they could "take their time" or received no time information. In Study 3, women who read that their hypothetical sexual partner seemed selfish reported less intent to pursue orgasm than women who were given a non-selfish partner or no partner information. Importantly, these effects were mediated by women's perceived orgasm likelihood in the scenario. These results suggest that women shift their pursuit of orgasm depending on cues which signal whether orgasm will be feasible. This research used self-regulation theory to understand women's motivations for pursuing orgasm during sexual encounters with men, with implications for reducing the orgasm gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Wetzel
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University
| | - D T Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University
| | - S Cole
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University
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Cervilla O, Álvarez-Muelas A, Sierra JC. Relationship between Solitary Masturbation and Sexual Satisfaction: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:235. [PMID: 38255122 PMCID: PMC10815145 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Masturbation is a healthy sexual behavior associated with different sexual functioning dimensions, which highlights sexual satisfaction as an important manifestation of sexual wellbeing. This review aims to systematically examine studies that have associated masturbation with sexual satisfaction, both in individuals with and without a partner. Following the PRISMA statement, searches were made in the APA PsycInfo, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search yielded 851 records, and twenty-two articles that examined the relation between solitary masturbation and sexual satisfaction were selected. In men, a negative relation between masturbation and sexual satisfaction was observed in 71.4% of the studies, 21.4% found no such relation, and 7.2% observed a positive association. In women, 40% reported no relation, 33.3% a negative relation, and 26.7% a positive one. The negative association between solitary masturbation and sexual satisfaction is consistent with the previously proposed compensatory role of masturbation, especially for men. In women, compared to men, the complementary role of masturbation in relation to sexual relationships is observed to a greater extent and is associated more closely with sexual health. The importance of including different parameters beyond the masturbation frequency in future studies to explore its relation with sexual satisfaction is emphasized. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023416688).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (O.C.); (A.Á.-M.)
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Peragine DE, Kim JJ, Maxwell JA, Skorska MN, Impett EA, Cunningham WA, VanderLaan DP. Not Who You Are, But Who You Are With: Re-examining Women's Less Satisfying Sexual Debuts. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3405-3427. [PMID: 37697094 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Gender differences in appraisals of first intercourse are among the largest in sexuality research, with women indicating less satisfying "sexual debuts" than men. Dispositional or "actor-level" explanations for this gender gap are pervasive, yet research has largely examined heterosexual debuts in which actor gender and partner gender are confounded. We assessed whether women's less satisfying sexual debuts are better explained by actor gender or partner gender, comparing experiences of women who debuted with men (WDM) with those of men and women who debuted with women (MDW, WDW). Retrospective accounts of sexual debut were collected from 3033 adults. At first intercourse, we found that WDW had equal physical and emotional satisfaction to MDW, and more satisfaction than WDM, suggesting satisfaction gaps owing to partner gender, not actor gender. This pattern did not extend to a comparison event (first masturbation), where WDW and WDM had similar satisfaction, but less satisfaction than MDW, suggesting an actor gender gap. To identify sources of satisfaction gaps, we probed for corresponding differences in the circumstances of sexual debut. Sexual circumstances were more strongly implicated than nonsexual ones, with relative deprivation of glans stimulation explaining relative dissatisfaction at first intercourse, but not first masturbation, and orgasm explaining it at both. Findings challenge the view that the satisfaction gap at first intercourse reflects an inherent difference between genders. Indeed, they demonstrate similarities when partner gender does not differ and suggest strategies for ensuring equal sexual satisfaction-and equal sexual rights realization-at (hetero) sexual debut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Peragine
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - James J Kim
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Malvina N Skorska
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily A Impett
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | | | - Doug P VanderLaan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Blumenstock SM, Suschinsky K, Brotto LA, Chivers ML. Sexual Desire Emerges from Subjective Sexual Arousal, but the Connection Depends on Desire Type and Relationship Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2023; 50:252-271. [PMID: 37882054 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2023.2272719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
According to models of responsive sexual desire, desire emerges from sexual arousal. This study examined how sexual desire type (dyadic-partner, dyadic-other, solitary) and relationship satisfaction affect the connection between subjective sexual arousal (SSA) and desire. Women (N = 100; 27% with sexual interest/arousal disorder symptoms) reported SSA while viewing a sexual film. Solitary and dyadic responsive sexual desire were assessed immediately before and following the film (immediate desire) and three days later (delayed desire). SSA predicted higher immediate solitary desire. SSA also predicted higher immediate dyadic desire, and this link was stronger for those with higher relationship satisfaction; for those with low relationship satisfaction, SSA was unrelated. For delayed desire, SSA predicted higher dyadic-partner desire, regardless of relationship satisfaction. SSA also predicted higher dyadic-other desire, yet this association was stronger for those with low relationship satisfaction; for those with high relationship satisfaction, SSA was unrelated to dyadic-other desire. Findings support the theoretical premise that desire emerges from arousal, but that this connection is dependent upon additional factors, specifically the target and timing of desire and participants' current relationship quality. Relationship satisfaction may affect the motivational value of sex with (and without) a current partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari M Blumenstock
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Ontario, Canada
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelly Suschinsky
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lori A Brotto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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15
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Huang S, Nyman TJ, Jern P, Santtila P. Actual and Desired Masturbation Frequency, Sexual Distress, and Their Correlates. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3155-3170. [PMID: 37365448 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of problematic masturbation using different criteria. We also investigated if masturbation-related distress was associated with sexual abuse history, family attitudes towards sexuality during childhood, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Here, 12,271 Finnish men and women completed a survey reporting masturbation frequency, desired masturbation frequency, sexual distress, childhood sexual abuse, sex-positive family background, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms. Among both sexes, those whose masturbation frequency did not match with desired frequency experienced more sexual distress. Different conceptualizations of problematic masturbation resulted in different proportions of individuals categorized as having it (i.e., 8.3% of men and 2.7% of women experienced self-perceived problematic masturbation, that is masturbating more than they desired and experiencing sexual distress; 2% of men and 0.6% of women masturbated more frequently than average and meanwhile experienced self-perceived problematic masturbation; 6.3% of men and 2.1% of women masturbated less frequently than average but still experienced self-perceived problematic masturbation). Moreover, among both sexes, self-perceived problematic masturbation was positively associated with childhood sexual abuse, depression, and anxiety, while negatively associated with a sex-positive family background. Our results point to the complexity of defining problematic masturbation. Causes of sexual distress related to masturbation need to be carefully examined case by case to choose an appropriate clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Huang
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200122, China.
| | - Thomas J Nyman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Patrick Jern
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology, and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200122, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute for Social Development, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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16
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Kılıç D, Armstrong HL, Graham CA. The Role of Mutual Masturbation within Relationships: Associations with Sexual Satisfaction and Sexual Self-Esteem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:495-514. [PMID: 38596452 PMCID: PMC10903564 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2237950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives We explored mutual masturbation among women and men and investigated associations with sexual satisfaction and sexual self-esteem. Methods 117 women and 151 men (Mage = 29.7 years), mostly heterosexual, all in current relationships, completed an online survey covering experiences of solo and partnered sexual activities, feelings about mutual masturbation, sexual self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction. Results Mutual masturbation was common among both genders. Men reported significantly higher positive feelings about mutual masturbation than women. Recent mutual masturbation was positively associated with sexual satisfaction but not with sexual self-esteem. Conclusions These findings have implications for sex and couple therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Kılıç
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Cynthia A. Graham
- Department of Gender Studies and The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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17
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Rosa PJ, Peixoto MM, Carvalho J. Measuring Sexual Motivation as a Trait Dimension: A multisample study of the Portuguese (European) Version of the Trait Sexual Motivation Questionnaire. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2023; 49:960-977. [PMID: 37963196 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2023.2226130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed at translating and validating the TSMQ into Portuguese-European (TSMQ-PT) and to investigate its psychometric properties. Three online studies were conducted with independent samples collected between September 2020 and March 2022. Study 1 tested the exploratory factorial structure (N = 325; 206 women); Study 2 explored the confirmatory factorial structure and construct validity (N = 450; 230 women); and Study 3 examined the temporal stability of the TSMQ-PT (N = 30; 15 women). Participants completed the TSMQ-PT for all three studies. In study 2, further completed the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, and the Sexual Desire Inventory. Data revealed that the TSMQ-PT yielded a four-structure model, (i.e., Sexually Oriented, Comparison with Others, Seeking for Sexual Encounters, and Importance of Sex) comprising 13 items, with seven additional items for assessing existence and number of sexual partners, and frequency of sexual behaviors. The TSMQ-PT achieved good internal consistency levels (McDonald's omega ranged from .71 to .89) and construct validity, and temporal stability over 10-11 months (values ranged from .80 to .87) supporting the trait-dimension of sexual motivation. Current findings support a brief, valid, and reliable self-report instrument for assessing sexual motivation in the Portuguese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Rosa
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes (ISMAT), Portimão, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Peixoto
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences , University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences , University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- William James Center for Research, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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18
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Phuah LA, Teng JHJ, Goh PH. Masturbation Among Malaysian Young Adults: Associated Sexual and Psychological Well-Being Outcomes. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37360020 PMCID: PMC10213586 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-023-10101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a common sexual practice, not much is known about masturbation within the Malaysian context. The current study examined the masturbation practices of a convenience sample of Malaysian young adults, and how one's reported experience of masturbating and frequency of masturbation is associated with sexual and psychological well-being. Satisfaction with sex life, satisfaction with life, depression, anxiety, and stress were measured as outcome variables. Responses from 621 participants (M = 22.1 years, SD = 2.4 years) that were collected through an online questionnaire were analyzed. Results revealed that most participants (77.7%) had masturbated at least once in their life. Sexual satisfaction and psychological well-being did not differ between those who reported masturbating before and those who did not. Among those with masturbation experience, higher frequency of masturbation was associated with less sexual satisfaction and more symptoms of anxiety and stress. Masturbation frequency was not associated with life satisfaction or reports of depressive symptoms. Gender, frequency of partnered sex, availability of a sexual partner, and religiosity did not moderate the relationships between masturbation frequency with sexual satisfaction and psychological well-being. Although the limitations of the current study impede generalizability, masturbation was found to be a common behavior among the current sample. Causal inferences cannot be drawn from the significant associations found in the current study, as the findings indicate such relationships may be bidirectional. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12119-023-10101-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ann Phuah
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jaclyn Hui Jie Teng
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Pei Hwa Goh
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
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19
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Herbenick D, Fu TC, Wasata R, Coleman E. Masturbation Prevalence, Frequency, Reasons, and Associations with Partnered Sex in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Nationally Representative Survey. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1317-1331. [PMID: 36575264 PMCID: PMC9794105 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite well-documented individual, relational, and health benefits, masturbation has been stigmatized and is understudied compared to partnered sex. In a US nationally representative survey of adults, we aimed to: (1) assess the prevalence and frequency of participants' prior-year masturbation, (2) describe reasons people give for not masturbating, (3) describe reasons people give for masturbating, and (4) examine the association between masturbation frequency and actual/desired partnered sex frequency in the prior year. Significantly more men than women reported lifetime masturbation, past month masturbation, and greater masturbation frequency. The most frequently endorsed reasons for masturbating related to pleasure, feeling "horny," stress relief, and relaxation. The most frequently endorsed reasons for not masturbating were lack of interest, being in a committed relationship, conflict with morals or values, or being against one's religion. Among women, those who desired partnered sex much more often and a little more often were 3.89 times (95% CI: 2.98, 5.08) and 2.07 times (95% CI: 1.63, 2.62), respectively, more likely to report higher frequencies of past-year masturbation than those who desired no change in their partnered sex frequency. Among men, those who desired partnered sex much more often and a little more often were 4.40 times (95% CI: 3.41, 5.68) and 2.37 times (95% CI: 1.84, 3.06), respectively, more likely to report higher frequencies of past-year masturbation activity than those who reported that they desired no change in their current partnered sex frequency. Findings provide contemporary U.S. population-level data on patterns of adult masturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Herbenick
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Tsung-Chieh Fu
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Ruhun Wasata
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Eli Coleman
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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20
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Muñoz-García LE, Gómez-Berrocal C, Guillén-Riquelme A, Sierra JC. Measurement Invariance across Sexual Orientation for Measures of Sexual Attitudes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1820. [PMID: 36767186 PMCID: PMC9914940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in the study of sexual attitudes across sexual orientation, few studies have tested whether the instruments used to measure them are invariant. This study examined measurement invariance (configural, weak, strong, and strict) across sexual orientation in three different sexual attitude scales: the Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS) to assess erotophilia, the Hurlbert Index of Sexual Fantasy (HISF) to assess attitudes toward sexual fantasies, and the Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory (NATMI) to assess negative attitudes toward masturbation. A total of 2293 Spanish adult men and women with different sexual orientations (i.e., heterosexual, bisexual, and gay) participated in the study. The results indicated strict invariance for HISF across sexual orientation and only weak invariance for SOS and NATMI. Differential item functioning was also found in two items of the NATMI scale. Evidence of validity was provided for the three scales that were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Berrocal
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
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21
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Foust MD, Komolova M, Malinowska P, Kyono Y. Sexual Subjectivity in Solo and Partnered Masturbation Experiences Among Emerging Adult Women. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:3889-3903. [PMID: 36036871 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study aimed to examine the experiences and attitudes toward masturbation among emerging adult women. The study was the first to compare women's solo and partnered masturbation experiences, focusing on how feelings of pleasure, sexual desire, and a sense of empowerment-important markers of women's sexual subjectivity-varied across the two contexts. The sample consisted of 40 women between the ages of 18 and 22 years. The majority of participants identified as Latina (33%) or Black (30%) and were enrolled in community college. Semi-structured interviews about women's masturbation experiences were analyzed using thematic analysis. Women described a multitude of feelings, including pleasure but also awkwardness and guilt. Although women did not describe their masturbation practices as morally wrong, they often alluded to disliking masturbation and preferring it less to partnered sex. Whereas some attitudes and feelings (e.g., awkwardness) arose in the context of both solo and partnered masturbation encounters, others were prevalent only in one (e.g., guilt in the solo encounters). Feelings of pleasure, sexual desire, and empowerment manifested differently in the two contexts. There was more focus on self-knowledge, control, and physical pleasure in the solo encounters and more enjoyment of a partner's desire and intimacy in the partnered encounters. We examine the findings through a feminist lens and consider how race/ethnicity, sexual scripts, and contemporary societal contexts shape women's sexual lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica D Foust
- Social Sciences, Human Services & Criminal Justice Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College at the City University of New York, 199 Chambers Street, New York, NY, 10007, USA.
| | - Masha Komolova
- Social Sciences, Human Services & Criminal Justice Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College at the City University of New York, 199 Chambers Street, New York, NY, 10007, USA
| | - Paulina Malinowska
- Social Sciences, Human Services & Criminal Justice Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College at the City University of New York, 199 Chambers Street, New York, NY, 10007, USA
- The New York Mental Health Group, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuriko Kyono
- Social Sciences, Human Services & Criminal Justice Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College at the City University of New York, 199 Chambers Street, New York, NY, 10007, USA
- The School of Education, Hunter College at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Wieczorek LL, Chivers M, Koehn MA, DeBruine LM, Jones BC. Age Effects on Women's and Men's Dyadic and Solitary Sexual Desire. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:3765-3789. [PMID: 35916987 PMCID: PMC9663354 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While most studies on sexuality in later life report that sexual desire declines with age, little is known about the exact nature of age effects on sexual desire. Using self-reported dyadic sexual desire relating to a partner, dyadic sexual desire relating to an attractive person, and solitary sexual desire from a large (N > 8000) and age diverse (14.6-80.2 years) online sample, the current study had three goals: First, we investigated relationships between men and women's sexual desire and age. Second, we examined whether individual differences such as gender/sex, sexual orientation, self-rated masculinity, relationship status, self-rated attractiveness, and self-rated health predict sexual desire. Third, we examined how these associations differed across sexual desire facets. On average, the associations between age and both men and women's sexual desire followed nonlinear trends and differed between genders/sexes and types of sexual desire. Average levels of all types of sexual desire were generally higher in men. Dyadic sexual desire related positively to self-rated masculinity and having a romantic partner and solitary desire was higher in people with same-sex attraction. We discuss the results in the context of the evolutionary hypothesis that predict an increase of sexual desire and female reproductive effort prior to declining fertility. Our findings both support and challenge beliefs about gender/sex specificity of age effects on sexual desire and highlight the importance of differentiating between desire types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L Wieczorek
- Institute of Psychology, Educational Psychology and Personality Development, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Meredith Chivers
- Department of Psychology, Sexuality and Gender Lab, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Monica A Koehn
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lisa M DeBruine
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Benedict C Jones
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
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23
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Perceptions and Experiences of Pakistani-Descent Female Adolescents Living in Canada, on Developing Sexuality and Self-Identity. SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immigrant adolescents make up a substantial proportion of newcomers to Canada. Most newcomer youth from South Asia aged 15 to 24 are from racialized “visible minority” backgrounds. The sexual health needs of female immigrant adolescents in Canada have been largely unmet and have increased in magnitude over the last few years. For immigrant female adolescents, the silence around issues of sexuality needs can affect their physical, emotional, sexual health, and overall well-being as well as their ability to reach their full potential. Evidence suggests that immigrant adolescents lack sexual and reproductive health knowledge and use fewer sexual health-related services and sex education resources than non-immigrant youth. In Pakistani immigrant adolescents, this difference appears to be associated with socio-cultural and religious practices. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore the experience of developing sexuality and its relationship to well-being in middle- to late-female adolescents of Pakistani-descent, living in a large urban area in Canada. The study aimed to establish space for dialogue and to bridge the perceived cultural divide on issues of sexuality using the postmodern feminist lens, which often arises between individuals from different cultural backgrounds. Using the interpretive descriptive methodology, a purposive sample of 21 female adolescents who were of first- or second-generation Pakistan-descent was obtained. Participants included female adolescents aged from 14 to 19 years. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide and a timeline. A total of 21 first interviews and seven follow up interviews were conducted. The narratives and timelines presented in this study tell the story of female Pakistani adolescents, their narratives, and the timelines reflect the complexities of the sexuality of female adolescents and how they perceive and attribute meanings to their experiences. The study found that living in a bicultural world can cause significant stress and anxiety among female adolescents, especially when making personal life decisions related to sexuality. Moreover, silence around all aspects of female sexuality negatively affects the capacity for desire and pleasure. In addition, the intersection of gender and patriarchy have created layers of power and oppression in adolescent lives that tightly control their sexuality. The participants’ stories reveal the complex interaction of factors that influence the behavior of female adolescents related to sexuality and sexual health. These findings establish the need for cultural awareness while viewing each girl’s experience in relation to the intersectionality of social spheres such as race, ethnicity, culture, and religion. Finally, this study provides implications to policymakers to revise the existing policies and create youth-friendly policies for immigrant youth to draw attention to the hidden voices of female adolescents and increase the awareness of ways to address issues arising in evolving sexuality.
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24
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Fischer N, Træen B. A Seemingly Paradoxical Relationship Between Masturbation Frequency and Sexual Satisfaction. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:3151-3167. [PMID: 35790612 PMCID: PMC9255456 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite many benefits related to masturbation, we know surprisingly little about how solo sex is associated with sexual satisfaction. Using questionnaire data from a probability-based sample of 4,160 Norwegians aged 18-89 years, we explored subgroups of women and men that differed in their masturbation-sexual satisfaction typology and examined whether sociodemographic, psychological, and sexual behavioral characteristics were associated with distinct masturbation-satisfaction patterns. A cluster analysis revealed four similar groupings for women and men, reflecting sex lives characterized by high masturbation/sexual satisfaction, low masturbation/sexual satisfaction, high masturbation/sexual dissatisfaction, or low masturbation/sexual dissatisfaction. While being younger, higher pornography consumption, and sexual variety were primarily associated with increased masturbation frequency, sexual distress and a negative body and genital self-image were more clearly associated with sexual dissatisfaction. Predicting different masturbation-satisfaction groupings also revealed some gender-specific findings in the use of pornography, and in the association between masturbation and intercourse frequency, which suggested a complementary pattern for women and a compensatory pattern for men. Our findings emphasize that the linkage between masturbation and sexual satisfaction warrants closer focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantje Fischer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleén 30, 0373, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Træen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleén 30, 0373, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Csako RI, Rowland DL, Hevesi K, Vitalis E, Balalla S. Female Sexuality in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Factors and Sexual Response Associated with Masturbation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:521-539. [PMID: 38596385 PMCID: PMC10903691 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2099499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Sexual health includes the state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being related to sexuality. Masturbation is an important sexual activity with many potential benefits which has gained considerable interest in sexuality research in the past twenty years; however, this research is the first of its kind within the Aotearoa/New Zealand context. In this in-depth investigation, we examined frequencies of, reasons for, and activities during masturbation as well as the relationship between masturbation and other factors. Methods Participants were 698 New Zealand women at least 18 years of age participating in a 42-item anonymous online survey collecting comprehensive information about sexual practices and related factors. Results The results indicated that female masturbation has high prevalence in the New Zealand population. Conclusion The pattern of results enabled us to identify the positive effects of masturbation, masturbation practices commonly used by New Zealand women and the differences between New Zealand women who masturbate frequently and less frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita I. Csako
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David L. Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA
| | - Kriszta Hevesi
- Department of Education and Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Vitalis
- Illinois School of Professional Psychology, National Louis University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shivanthi Balalla
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Peixoto MM, Lopes J. Solitary and Dyadic Sexual Desire and Sexual Satisfaction in Women With and Without Sexual Concerns. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2022; 49:77-87. [PMID: 35587123 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2022.2077271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Women's sexual difficulties have been associated with sexual-related dimensions. The present study aims to analyze the differences between women with and without sexual concerns, according to the Female Sexual Functioning Index cutoff score, on dyadic and solitary sexual desire and sexual satisfaction dimensions. A total of 314 women participated in the study and answered to a sociodemographic screening, to the Sexual Desire Inventory - 2, to the Female Sexual Functioning Index, and to the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women. Main findings showed that women with sexual concerns revealed lower levels of global sexual desire and partner-related sexual desire, experienced lower levels of communication and compatibility with sexual partner, and have more personal and relational sexual concerns. Overall, results enhance the role of dyadic and relational dimensions that allow to differentiate between women with and without sexual concerns. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Peixoto
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento Positivo, Universidades Lusíada - Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidades Lusíada - Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlia Lopes
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidades Lusíada - Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Wetzel GM, Sanchez DT. Heterosexual Young Adults’ Experience With and Perceptions of the Orgasm Gap: A Mixed Methods Approach. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03616843221076410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The “orgasm gap” refers to the finding that cisgender men, on average, have more orgasms than cisgender women during heterosexual partnered sex. In the current research, we replicated evidence for several orgasm discrepancies across sexual contexts and assessed men’s and women’s perceptions of the orgasm gap. Our sample consisted of 276 heterosexual, cisgender, sexually active undergraduate students (56.52% women; M age = 18.84). We assessed participants’ self-reported orgasm frequencies with a familiar partner, with a new partner, and during masturbation, as well as participants’ perceptions of their partners’ orgasm frequencies. We found evidence for orgasm discrepancies between young men and women within contexts and for women across contexts. Additionally, men perceived the size of the orgasm gap to be smaller than women perceived it to be. We used qualitative analyses to assess participants’ perceptions of driving forces behind the orgasm gap and their responses could be grouped into five overarching themes: Sociocultural Influence, Women’s Orgasm Difficulty, Biology, Men’s Fault, and Interpersonal Communication. This qualitative data can inform education and advocacy efforts focused on improving orgasm outcomes for young women, particularly by disproving prominent biological justifications for orgasm difference and addressing relevant sociocultural concerns. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221076410 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. Wetzel
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Diana T. Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Fischer N, Graham CA, Træen B, Hald GM. Prevalence of Masturbation and Associated Factors Among Older Adults in Four European Countries. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1385-1396. [PMID: 34751860 PMCID: PMC8917107 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Solitary sexual activity is a free, safe, and accessible way to experience sexual pleasure. Despite these advantages, research on masturbation in later life is highly understudied. Using data from a cross-sectional probability-based survey of 3816 European adults (mean age 67 years; range 60-75 years), we explored several sociodemographic, health, attitudinal, and sexual behavioral factors associated with reported masturbation frequency. Across all countries, between 41% and 65% of men and 27% and 40% of women reported any masturbation in the preceding month. Satisfaction with sexual activity and attitudes related to disapproval of sex without love were significant predictors of reported masturbation in almost all countries and in both genders. Age, education, self-perceived health, and depression were for the most part predictive of men's reported masturbation, but not women's. Generally, those believing sex is beneficial to older people were more likely to masturbate, while less permissive attitudes decreased the likelihood of reporting masturbation. To improve healthy sexual aging, misinformation about masturbation and sexual attitudes in older people need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantje Fischer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleén 30 A, 0373, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cynthia A Graham
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Bente Træen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleén 30 A, 0373, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gert Martin Hald
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Andrejek N, Fetner T, Heath M. Climax as Work: Heteronormativity, Gender Labor, and the Gender Gap in Orgasms. GENDER & SOCIETY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF SOCIOLOGISTS FOR WOMEN IN SOCIETY 2022; 36:189-213. [PMID: 35185280 PMCID: PMC8847982 DOI: 10.1177/08912432211073062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gender scholars have addressed a variety of gender gaps between men and women, including a gender gap in orgasms. In this mixed-methods study of heterosexual Canadians, we examine how men and women engage in gender labor that limits women's orgasms relative to men. With representative survey data, we test existing hypotheses that sexual behaviors and relationship contexts contribute to the gender gap in orgasms. We confirm previous research that sexual practices focusing on clitoral stimulation are associated with women's orgasms. With in-depth interview data from a subsample of 40 survey participants, we extend this research to show that both men and women engage in gender labor to explain and justify the gender gap in orgasms. Relying on an essentialist view of gender, a narrow understanding of what counts as sex, and moralistic language that recalls the sexual double standard, our participants craft a narrative of women's orgasms as work and men's orgasms as natural. The work to produce this gendered narrative of sexuality mirrors the gender labor that takes place in the bedroom, where both women and men engage in sexual behaviors that emphasize men's pleasure to a greater extent than women's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Andrejek
- Nicole Andrejek, Department of Sociology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M4, Canada; e-mail:
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between masturbation frequency and sexual dysfunction among men and women, focusing on individuals with and without regular sexual partners, and to determine whether sexual compatibility (e.g., similar sexual desire levels and a match between desired behaviors and behaviors one’s partner is willing to engage in) in the relationship affects masturbation frequency. Here, 12,271 Finnish men and women completed an online survey about masturbation frequency, sexual function, and sexual compatibility with their partner for those who were in a relationship. The results indicated that masturbation frequency was positively associated with overall sexual function for women. This was moderated by relationship status, meaning that more frequent masturbation was associated with better orgasmic function and sexual satisfaction in single women, whereas the opposite was true for women who were in a relationship. For men, more frequent masturbation was associated with better erectile function for single men, and better ejaculatory latency but worse orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction, and more symptoms of delayed ejaculation for men who were in a relationship. Lower sexual compatibility and sexual dysfunctions in the partner were associated with more frequent masturbation in both sexes. The associations between masturbation frequency and sexual function vary for single and partnered individuals, and are, for the latter group, further affected by sexual compatibility.
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Sexual Activity in Peruvian Adolescents: Relevance of Socio-Demographic Variables and Sexual Attitudes. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9030386. [PMID: 35327758 PMCID: PMC8947717 DOI: 10.3390/children9030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explain the masturbation frequency and sexual relationships in adolescents based on age, religious adherence, erotophilia, attitudes toward sexual fantasies and masturbation, and the traditional sexual double standard. A sample of 1120 Peruvian adolescents aged 13–17 years responded to a socio-demographic questionnaire and different scales about sexuality. The frequency of masturbation and sexual relationships, as well as in the sexual attitudes evaluated differed by sex, with boys scoring higher. The masturbation frequency was explained by erotophilia in boys, and by positive attitudes toward sexual fantasies in both sexes. The frequency of sexual relationships was explained by age and positive attitudes toward sexual fantasies in boys and only by the latter in girls. Positive attitudes toward sexual fantasies stand out as a variable for understanding sexual activity in adolescents.
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32
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O'Kane KMK, Milani S, Chivers ML, Dawson SJ. Gynephilic Men's and Androphilic Women's Visual Attention Patterns: The Effects of Gender and Sexual Activity Cues. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35166630 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2033675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Men and women differ in the degree of specificity of sexual response and differences in attention to sexual cues may be a mechanism underlying these gendered patterns. The majority of previous research has examined attention using static images, which differ considerably from the dynamic videos used in studies of sexual response. To test attention as a potential mechanism involved in gendered sexual response, we used eye-tracking to examine visual attention patterns of 33 gynephilic men and 36 androphilic women to videos depicting preferred and nonpreferred gender targets engaging in varying sexual activities. Specificity of controlled attention was gendered, and this effect differed depending on the intensity of sexual activity cues depicted. Regardless of sexual activity cues, men's controlled attention was gender-specific toward preferred targets. Sexual activity cues did, however, impact the degree to which women's controlled attention was gender-specific. Specifically, women's attention was gender-specific to low-intensity stimuli but nonspecific for masturbation and same-sex dyadic stimuli. Women's attention was gender-specific for mixed-sex dyadic stimuli, but with greater attention directed toward nonpreferred gender targets. Overall, contextual cues impact women's attention to a greater degree than men's. Potential explanations for these findings and implications of stimulus selection for sexuality research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Milani
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
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Macdowall WG, Clifton S, Palmer MJ, Tanton C, Copas AJ, Lee DM, Mitchell KR, Mercer CH, Sonnenberg P, Johnson AM, Wellings K. Salivary Testosterone and Sexual Function and Behavior in Men and Women: Findings from the Third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:135-149. [PMID: 34634954 PMCID: PMC7613951 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1968327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3) we examined associations between salivary testosterone (Sal-T) and sexual function and behavior. Single morning saliva samples were self-collected from a subsample of participants aged 18-74 years and analyzed using mass spectrometry. 1,599 men and 2,123 women were included in the analysis (40.6% of those invited to provide a sample). We adjusted for confounders in a stepwise manner: in model 1 we adjusted for age only; model 2 for age, season and relationship status, and model 3 we added BMI and self-reported health. In the fully adjusted models, among men, Sal-T was positively associated with both partnered sex (vaginal sex and concurrent partners) and masturbation. Among women, Sal-T was positively associated with masturbation, the only association with partnered sex was with ever experience of same-sex sex. We found no clear association between Sal-T and sexual function. Our study contributes toward addressing the sparsity of data outside the laboratory on the differences between men and women in the relationship between T and sexual function and behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first population study, among men and women, using a mass spectrometry Sal-T assay to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Macdowall
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | - S Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre
- NatCen Social Research
| | - M J Palmer
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | - C Tanton
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | - A J Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre
| | - D M Lee
- Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - K R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow
| | - C H Mercer
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre
| | - P Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre
| | - A M Johnson
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre
| | - K Wellings
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
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Sierra JC, Santamaría J, Cervilla O, Álvarez-Muelas A. Masturbation in middle and late adulthood: its relationship to orgasm. Int J Impot Res 2022; 35:114-120. [PMID: 35067680 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-021-00520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The relation of masturbation to orgasmic facility and orgasm satisfaction in the sexual relationships context was examined in elderly population. This cross-sectional study included 546 Spanish heterosexual adults aged 50-83 years. They completed a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, and scales to assess negative attitude towards masturbation, solitary sexual desire, subjective orgasm experience in the solitary masturbation context and orgasmic facility and orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationships. Significant differences were observed on all the masturbation-related indicators between men and women. For men, a regression model was obtained in which age (β = 0.15), current masturbation frequency (β = 0.18) and negative attitude towards masturbation (β = 0.17) explained 8% of the difficulty in orgasmic facility, and another in which age (β = 0.14) and negative attitude towards masturbation (β = 0.13) explained 8% of orgasm satisfaction. For women, two regression models were obtained, in which the Affective dimension of the subjective orgasm experience in masturbation explained 11% of orgasmic facility (β = -0.22) and 15% of orgasm satisfaction (β = -0.33) in sexual relationships. Significant differences in the intensity of the subjective orgasmic masturbation experience were observed between elderly people with and without difficulties in orgasmic facility and orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationships.
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35
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Park Y, MacDonald G. Single and Partnered Individuals' Sexual Satisfaction as a Function of Sexual Desire and Activities: Results Using a Sexual Satisfaction Scale Demonstrating Measurement Invariance Across Partnership Status. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:547-564. [PMID: 34997399 PMCID: PMC8741568 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although some evidence exists to suggest that single (i.e., unpartnered) individuals are less sexually satisfied on average than are partnered individuals, it is unclear whether the variables correlating with each group's sexual satisfaction are similar or different. This research sought to examine how desire for and actual engagement in solitary and partnered sexual activities are associated with both groups' sexual satisfaction. We first conducted a preliminary study (n = 572) to test and refine existing measures of sexual satisfaction for applicability across relationship status. In two follow-up studies (N = 1,238), measurement invariance (across relationship status and gender) of the resulting 4-item sexual satisfaction scale was established. Further, results across the studies showed that for singles dyadic sexual desire was negatively related to sexual satisfaction, whereas no significant link was found with solitary desire. For individuals in romantic relationships, having higher sexual desire involving a partner and lower solitary desire were both associated with greater sexual satisfaction. When analyzing participants' responses on the desired and actual frequency of engaging in specific sexual acts, we found that for both single and partnered individuals, frequent engagement in partnered acts was associated with greater sexual satisfaction. Wanting frequent engagement in partnered acts was associated with lower sexual satisfaction for both groups, but only if the current frequency of engaging in these acts was low. These findings suggest that at least during the COVID-19 pandemic, meeting desires for partnered sex plays an important role in maintaining a sexually satisfying life, regardless of one's relationship status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoobin Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada.
| | - Geoff MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
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36
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Cervilla O, Sierra JC. Masturbation parameters related to orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationships: Differences between men and women. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:903361. [PMID: 35935426 PMCID: PMC9352849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.903361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Masturbation is a behavior that can enhance sexual functioning. This study aims to analyze differences between men and women in different masturbation parameters, and to examine their relation with orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationships. METHOD One thousand three hundred and thirty-fifth men and women from the Spanish population aged 18-83 years (M = 36.91; SD = 11.86) participated in an online survey. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic. Sexual history data, negative attitude toward masturbation, solitary sexual desire and orgasm subjective experience upon masturbation were assessed. Given the differences between men and women, independent regression models are proposed to explain orgasm satisfaction in the sexual relationships context. FINDINGS Men, compared to women, masturbated at a younger age (p < 0.001), and reported higher current masturbation frequency (p < 0.001) and more solitary sexual desire (p < 0.001). Women reported greater intensity in the subjective orgasm experience on its Affective (p < 0.001), Sensory (p < 0.001) and Intimacy (p < 0.001) dimensions. Regarding regression models, the Affective dimension of orgasm was a common parameter in men (β = 0.36; p < 0.001) and women (β = 0.24) to explain orgasm satisfaction during sexual relationships. In men, solitary masturbation frequency (β = -0.10; p = 0.027) acquired a significant role. In women, the model also included age (β = 0.09; p = 0.038), negative attitude toward masturbation (β = -0.12; p = 0.005) and solitary sexual desire (β = -0.19; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION When dealing with men and women's orgasm difficulties in the sexual relationships context, it is important to consider the role of masturbation. In men and women, the Affective dimension of the orgasm experience explain the orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationship. Also, in men, the solitary masturbation frequency is negatively related with orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationship, supporting the compensatory hypothesis of masturbation. In women, in addition to the Affective dimension, the orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationship is explained, negatively, by the negative attitude toward masturbation, and positively, by the solitary sexual desire, which could be associated with more sexual self-knowledge. The relevance of masturbation in understanding sexual functioning is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cervilla
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Gouvernet B, Plaie T, Bonierbale M. Sexuality was my antidepressant or anxiolytic during covid19 lockdown. Sexual behaviours as a coping strategy during the first covid-19 lockdown in France. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.2015535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Gouvernet
- CRFDP, UFR SHS, Rouen Normandy University, Mon Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Plaie
- UFR de Psychologie, François Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Mireille Bonierbale
- Association Interdisciplinaire Post Universitaire de Sexologie (AIUS), CRIRAVS HP-HM, Marseille, France
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Moyano N, Sánchez-Fuentes MDM. Sexual body self-representations, desire, and functioning in women. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.1978422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Moyano
- Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - María del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes
- Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Department of Social Sciences, Universidad de la Cost, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Mascherek A, Reidick MC, Gallinat J, Kühn S. Is Ejaculation Frequency in Men Related to General and Mental Health? Looking Back and Looking Forward. Front Psychol 2021; 12:693121. [PMID: 34434144 PMCID: PMC8382266 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.693121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its relevance for human sexuality, literature on potential effects of ejaculation frequency and masturbation on general and mental health outcomes is sparse. Reasons for this knowledge gap include a general lack of interest, but also methodological challenges and still existing superstition. This paper reconciles literature from various fields to extract relevant information on how ejaculation frequency effects general and mental health outcomes. Culture-bound syndromes have been reported in countries still strictly tabooing or condemning masturbation. Masturbatory guilt describes a phenomenon in individuals experiencing a discrepancy between moral standards and own behavior with respect to masturbation. Abstinence is one aspect under study in the area of fertility treatment. Specific time frames and their respective implications on quality of sperm remain inconclusive. Limited temporal resolution capacities hamper the precise study of brain structures directly activated during ejaculation. The relation between ejaculation frequency and hormonal influences remains poorly understood. Future research that specifically addresses ejaculation frequency and potential mental and general health outcomes is needed. In contrast to extracting knowledge as a byproduct from other studies with a different focus, this enables sound study designs and could provide evidence-based results which could then be further discussed and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mascherek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Christina Reidick
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Klukas E, Draper E, Kaseweter K, Gregoire N, Cioe J. The Impact of Parenting Style on Attitudes toward Masturbation: A Latent Profile Analysis. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2021; 182:435-449. [PMID: 34253154 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2021.1948386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parents play a vital role in the development of their children's sexual attitudes and behaviors; however, little is known about the impact of parenting on masturbation attitudes. The present study aimed to explore the role of discussions with parents about attitudes toward masturbation. Additionally, latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to determine whether subgroups of exposure to distinct parenting styles exist, and if so, the extent to which they are related to the formation of masturbation attitudes. A convenience sample of 279 university students aged 18-21 completed an anonymous self-report survey. Participants who had not discussed masturbation with their parents reported significantly more negative attitudes than those who had discussed it. In general, participants who perceived their parents to be high in both rejection and control reported more negative attitudes toward masturbation than participants whose parents were lower in rejection and lower in control. The LPA revealed three parenting profiles that were differentially related to young adults' masturbation attitudes: Permissive Parenting, Typical Parenting, and Authoritarian Parenting. An exploratory analysis found that female participants endorsed fewer negative attitudes toward masturbation than their male counterparts. Bayesian statistics were used to improve the interpretation of the data, allow for more meaningful and accurate conclusions, and provide converging evidence with the null hypothesis significance testing results. Implications and limitations are discussed within the context of current masturbation and parenting style research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Klukas
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Emily Draper
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Kimberley Kaseweter
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Nina Gregoire
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Jan Cioe
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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Speed D, Cragun RT. Response to "Masturbation: Scientific Evidence and Islam's View". JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:1668-1671. [PMID: 29654401 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Speed
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Road, Saint John, NB, E2L 4L5, Canada.
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Cervilla O, Vallejo-Medina P, Gómez-Berrocal C, Sierra JC. Development of the Spanish short version of Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2021; 21:100222. [PMID: 33613675 PMCID: PMC7868927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Masturbation has historically been a sexual behaviour associated with negative connotations, as a consequence of traditional orthodox positions, despite its positive impact on health. The instruments developed to measure the attitude towards masturbation are scarce, and none of them have been validated in the Spanish adult population. This study aims to propose a short version of the Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory (NATMI) and examine their psychometric properties (reliability and evidence of validity) in the Spanish adult population. Method: A total of 4,116 heterosexual adults aged 18-83 years (M = 40.58; SD = 12.24; 54.64% women) participated in the study. In addition to the NATMI, they answered other scales to assess sexual attitudes, sexual desire, propensity to become sexually excited/inhibited and sexual functioning. Results: Analysis of the construct validity of the NATMI resulted in a reduced version of ten items grouped into a single factor explaining 66% of the variance (ordinal alpha = .95). The evidence of validity is clear, as subjects with negative and positive attitude towards masturbation differed in religiousness, frequency of masturbation, erotophilia, positive attitude towards sexual fantasies, sexual inhibition and sexual functioning. Conclusions: The Spanish short version of NATMI provides reliable and valid measures in the Spanish adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cervilla
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Exploring Relationships Between Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder, Sex Guilt, and Religiosity Among College Women in the U.S. J Sex Med 2021; 18:770-782. [PMID: 33757773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a growing body of research on psychosocial factors in Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (GPPPD) during sexual intercourse, there are few studies examining adolescent and young adult women's experiences with painful sex and the effects of religiosity, sexual education, and sex guilt. AIM The purpose of the study was to examine the occurrence of GPPPD among sexually active female college students, including psychosocial factors of religiosity and religious practice, sexual education, sex guilt, and sexual distress. METHODS Data were collected from 974 college women from a university in the Northeastern U.S. We limited our sample to sexually active women (n = 593, 60.9%; mean age: 18.96) who responded to the questionnaire item, "In general, do you feel pain with sexual intercourse?" Participants completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS), Revised Mosher Sex Guilt Scale, Abbreviated Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, 10-item Gender Role Beliefs Scale, and measures on sexual wellness and practice and sexual education experiences. Data were analyzed using standard bivariate and regression analyses as well as path analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Women were asked, "In general, do you feel pain with sexual intercourse?" and categorized into one of three pain groups: occasional (10%-25% of the time), frequent (50% or more), and no pain (less than 10%). RESULTS GPPPD with sex was prevalent among young college women, with 113 (19.1%) reporting frequent pain and 143 (24.1%) occasional pain (control n = 337, 56.8%). Numerous statistically significant factors were identified, including frequency of sex, ability to orgasm, sensations during intercourse, presence of a steady sexual partner, expectations of painful sex, sex guilt, and sexual distress. Sex guilt acted as full mediator between religiosity and painful sex. IMPLICATIONS Healthcare providers should proactively initiate conversations with young female patients about painful intercourse to identify issues and normalize language on pain with sex. Educators are urged to teach evidence-based information on pain-free and guilt-free sexual experiences inside and outside religious contexts. CONCLUSION Painful sex affects adolescent and young adult women at a similar rate as non-college adult women and while religiosity does not directly impact young women's GPPPD, religiosity does lead to painful sex if it causes sex guilt. Further research is needed into the mechanisms of religion-based sexual shaming and among religiously conservative women who practice abstinence until marriage. Azim KA, Happel-Parkins A, Moses A, et al. Exploring Relationships Between Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder, Sex Guilt, and Religiosity Among College Women in the U.S. J Sex Med 2021;18:770-782.
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Gérard M, Berry M, Shtarkshall RA, Amsel R, Binik YM. Female Multiple Orgasm: An Exploratory Internet-Based Survey. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:206-221. [PMID: 32301626 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1743224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Women's multiorgasmic capacity has long been mentioned in the human sexuality literature. However, due in part to the conceptual vagueness surrounding this phenomenon, few empirical studies have focused on this topic, and our scientific knowledge is currently limited. This exploratory research is mainly aimed at providing a much-needed assessment of the profiles of women reporting multiorgasmic experiences. For this study, 419 sexually diverse women ages 18 through 69 who identified as multiorgasmic completed an online survey assessing variables pertaining to sociodemographic background, context and characteristics of a recent/typical multiorgasmic experience, relationships between multiple orgasm and sexual/nonsexual aspects of life, and sexual and orgasmic history. Data reduction analyses using principal component analysis pointed out that 15 variables of interest were distributed across six components, accounting for a large proportion of the sample's variance. A k-means cluster analysis further revealed that four distinct groups of women could be parsed out. These four groups could be differentiated by three sets of variables-sexual motivation, sexual history, and multiple orgasm characteristics-suggesting that female multiple orgasm is not a unitary phenomenon. This research provides to date the most comprehensive picture of female multiple orgasm and helps refine our conceptual understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gérard
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - M Berry
- McGill University Health Center
| | - R A Shtarkshall
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine of the Hebrew University and Hadassah
| | - R Amsel
- Department of Psychology, McGill University
| | - Y M Binik
- Department of Psychology, McGill University
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Attaky A, Schepers J, Kok G, Dewitte M. The Role of Sexual Desire, Sexual Satisfaction, and Relationship Satisfaction in the Sexual Function of Arab Couples Living in Saudi Arabia. Sex Med 2021; 9:100303. [PMID: 33529812 PMCID: PMC8072168 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study is one of the first to examine the association between relationship and sexual variables as approached from a dyadic perspective in Saudi Arabian couples. Theoretical models assign an important role to relationship factors in women's sexuality. AIM We examined the role of sexual and relationship satisfaction relative to sexual desire in explaining sexual function in a sample of clinical versus nonclinical couples. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, observational study in a sample of 50 heterosexual couples with sexual problems and 50 control couples without problems (N = 100 couples; 200 men and women). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE All participants completed an Arabic version of measures of relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, sexual desire, sexual distress, and sexual function. RESULTS Results showed that in the clinical group, sexual function of women was predicted by their own and their partner's level of sexual satisfaction, and their own level of solitary and dyadic sexual desire. Men's sexual function was predicted by their own sexual satisfaction and their partner's relationship satisfaction. In the control group, the sexual function of women was predicted only by their level of sexual satisfaction. In men, sexual function was predicted by their own sexual satisfaction and their level of dyadic sexual desire. CONCLUSION These results suggest that sexual desire rather than relationship satisfaction plays an important role in women's sexual dysfunction. Being the most consistent determinant of male and female sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction is an important target of intervention in Arabian couples. A Attaky, J Schepers, G Kok, et al. The Role of Sexual Desire, Sexual Satisfaction, and Relationship Satisfaction in the Sexual Function of Arab Couples Living in Saudi Arabia. Sex Med 2021;9:100303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atia Attaky
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Al-Mattaria Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; Mutmaena Medical Psychiatric Center Riyadh. 1622. KSA.
| | - Jan Schepers
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo Kok
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Dewitte
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Bhat GS, Shastry A. Time to Orgasm in Women in a Monogamous Stable Heterosexual Relationship. J Sex Med 2020; 17:749-760. [PMID: 32044258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orgasm in women is a complex phenomenon, and the sparse data about time to orgasm (TitOr) in women are an impediment to the research on this complex phenomenon. AIM To evaluate the stopwatch measured TitOr in women in a monogamous stable heterosexual relationship. METHODS The study was conducted through web-based and personal interview using a questionnaire, which addressed the issues related to TitOr. Sexually active women older than 18 years and women in a monogamous stable heterosexual relationship were included in the study. Those with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, psychiatric illness, sexual dysfunction and those with partners with sexual dysfunction were excluded. The participants reported stopwatch measured TitOr after adequate sexual arousal over an 8-week period. The data analysis was performed using GraphPad software (©2018 GraphPad Software, Inc, USA). OUTCOMES The outcomes included stopwatch measured average TitOr in women. RESULTS The study period was from October 2017 to September 2018 with a sample size of 645. The mean age of the participants was 30.56 ± 9.36 years. The sample was drawn from 20 countries, with most participants from India, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States of America. The mean reported TitOr was 13.41 ± 7.67 minutes (95% confidence interval: 12.76 minutes-14.06 minutes). 17% of the participants had never experienced the orgasm. Penovaginal intercourse was insufficient to reach orgasm in the majority, in whom it was facilitated by certain positions and maneuvers. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The knowledge of stopwatch measured TitOr in women in real-life setting helps to define, treat, and understand female sexual function/dysfunction better and it also helps to plan treatment of male ejaculatory dysfunction, as reported ejaculatory latency in healthy men is much less than the reported TitOr here. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS Use of stopwatch to measure TitOr and a large multinational sample are the strength of the study. The absence of a crosscheck mechanism to check the accuracy of the stopwatch measurement is the limitation of the study. CONCLUSION Stopwatch measured average TitOr in the sample of women in our study, who were in a monogamous stable heterosexual relationship, is 13.41 minutes (95% confidence interval: 12.76 minutes-14.06 minutes) and certain maneuvers as well as positions during penovaginal intercourse help achieving orgasm, more often than not. Bhat GS, Shastry A. Time to Orgasm in Women in a Monogamous Stable Heterosexual Relationship. J Sex Med 2020;17:749-760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan S Bhat
- Department of Urology, Andrology and Sexual Medicine, TSS Shripad Hegde Kadave Institute of Medical Sciences, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka State, India.
| | - Anuradha Shastry
- Department of Urology and Sexual Medicine, TSS Shripad Hegde Kadave Institute of Medical Sciences, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka State, India
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Mahar EA, Mintz LB, Akers BM. Orgasm Equality: Scientific Findings and Societal Implications. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-020-00237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rowland DL, Hevesi K, Conway GR, Kolba TN. Relationship Between Masturbation and Partnered Sex in Women: Does the Former Facilitate, Inhibit, or Not Affect the Latter? J Sex Med 2020; 17:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rowland DL, Kolba TN, McNabney SM, Uribe D, Hevesi K. Why and How Women Masturbate, and the Relationship to Orgasmic Response. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2020; 46:361-376. [PMID: 32000629 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1717700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Masturbation, as a significant sexual activity within its own right, has garnered substantial interest as a research topic only within the past 10-20 years. In this in-depth analysis of masturbation in women, we examined relationships among frequencies of, reasons for, and activities during masturbation, and investigated how such parameters predict orgasmic pleasure, latency, and difficulty. Participants were 2215 women at least 18 years of age participating in a 42-item opt-in online survey that collected detailed information about women's orgasmic response during masturbation and partnered sex. Higher frequency of masturbation was related to lower satisfaction with partner, greater importance of sex, and higher levels of general anxiety/depression. Frequency of, reasons for, and activities during masturbation predicted both orgasmic pleasure and orgasmic difficulty during masturbation. The pattern of results enabled the development of three typologies of women who differ systematically with respect to their masturbation and partnered sex behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso IN, USA
| | - Tiffany N Kolba
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso IN, USA
| | - Sean M McNabney
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso IN, USA
| | - Dudbeth Uribe
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso IN, USA
| | - Krisztina Hevesi
- Department of Psychology and Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kılıç Onar D, Armstrong H, Graham CA. What Does Research Tell Us About Women's Experiences, Motives and Perceptions of Masturbation Within a Relationship Context?: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2020; 46:683-716. [PMID: 32628093 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1781722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review provides an overview of what qualitative research has revealed about partner-related factors around women's masturbation and explores how these factors relate to women's behavior, perceptions, and motives toward masturbation. Eleven studies were identified and secondary thematic analysis was used for synthesis. Women's perceptions often focus on the (potential) negative influences of masturbation on current or future relationships. Motivations some women reported for masturbating due to partner-related factors were diverse. Findings suggested that some women modify their masturbation behavior when in a relationship. The implications of these findings for sexual health educators and clinicians are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Kılıç Onar
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Heather Armstrong
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cynthia A Graham
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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