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Kim SY, Kim M, Lim YK, Baek SH, Kim JY, An KG, Hong S. First investigation of the temporal distribution of neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and the candidate causative microalgae along the South Sea Coast of Korea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135486. [PMID: 39151364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), produced by cyanobacteria and diatoms, has been implicated as an environmental risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This study first investigated the occurrence and monthly distributions of BMAA and its isomers, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) and N-2-aminoethylglycine (AEG), in phytoplankton and mussels from 11 sites along the South Sea Coast of Korea throughout 2021. These toxins were quantified using LC-MS/MS, revealing elevated BMAA concentrations from late autumn to spring, with phase lags observed between phytoplankton and mussels. The highest concentration of BMAA in phytoplankton was detected in November (mean: 1490 ng g-1 dry weight (dw)), while in mussels, it peaked in December (mean: 1240 ng g-1 dw). DAB was detected in phytoplankton but was absent in mussels, indicating limited bioaccumulation potential. In February, the peak mean DAB concentration in phytoplankton was 89 ng g-1 dw. AEG was not detected in any samples. Chlorophyll-a concentrations consistently showed an inverse correlation with BMAA concentrations in mussels throughout the year. Through correlation analysis, four diatom genera, Bacillaria, Hemiaulus, Odontella, and Pleurosigma, were identified as potential causative microalgae of BMAA. This study offers insights into identifying the causative microalgae for BMAA and informs future regulatory efforts regarding unmanaged biotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sea-Yong Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences & Institute of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungi Kim
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Space Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyun Lim
- Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Guk An
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences & Institute of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth, Environmental & Space Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Cameron ES, Krishna A, Emelko MB, Müller KM. Sporadic diurnal fluctuations of cyanobacterial populations in oligotrophic temperate systems can prevent accurate characterization of change and risk in aquatic systems. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121199. [PMID: 38330712 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria increasingly threaten recreational water use and drinking water resources globally. They require dynamic monitoring to account for variability in their distribution arising from diel cycles associated with oscillatory vertical migration. While this has been discussed in marine and eutrophic freshwater contexts, reports of diurnal vertical migration of cyanobacteria in oligotrophic freshwater lakes are scant. Typical monitoring protocols do not reflect these dynamics and frequently focus only on surface water sampling approaches, and either ignore sampling time or recommend large midday timeframes (e.g., 10AM-3PM), thereby preventing accurate characterization of cyanobacterial community dynamics. To evaluate the impact of diurnal migrations and water column stratification on cyanobacterial abundance and composition, communities were characterized in a shallow well-mixed lake interconnected to a thermally stratified lake in the Turkey Lakes Watershed (Ontario, Canada) using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene across a multi-time point sampling series in 2018 and 2022. This work showed that cyanobacteria are present in oligotrophic lakes and their community structure varies (i) diurnally, (ii) across the depth of the water column, (iii) interannually within the same lake and (iv) between different lakes that are closely interconnected within the same watershed. It underscored the need for integrating multi-timepoint, multi-depth discrete sampling guidance into lake and reservoir monitoring programs to describe cyanobacteria community dynamics and signal change to inform risk management associated with the potential for cyanotoxin production. Ignoring variability in cyanobacterial community dynamics (such as that reported herein) and reducing sample numbers can lead to a false sense of security and missed opportunities to identify and mitigate changes in trophic status and associated risks such as toxin or taste and odor production, especially in sensitive, oligotrophic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S Cameron
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anjali Krishna
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Monica B Emelko
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kirsten M Müller
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Walldorf J, Mezger NCS, Weber L, Knothe A, Klose M, Moritz S, Kantelhardt EJ, Feller S, Schlitt A, Greinert R, Michl P. [Climate Crisis: What Gastrointestinal Complications of this Medical Emergency Should We Be Aware Of?]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:1608-1617. [PMID: 37044125 DOI: 10.1055/a-2058-8883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The climate crisis has serious consequences for many areas of life. This applies in particular to human health - also in Europe. While cardiovascular, pneumological and dermatological diseases related to the climate crisis are often discussed, the crisis' significant gastroenterological consequences for health must also be considered. METHODS A literature search (Pubmed, Cochrane Library) was used to identify papers with relevance particularly to the field of gastroenterology in (Central) Europe. Findings were supplemented and discussed by an interdisciplinary team. RESULTS The climate crisis impacts the frequency and severity of gastrointestinal diseases in Europe due to more frequent and severe heat waves, flooding and air pollution. While patients with intestinal diseases are particularly vulnerable to acute weather events, the main long-term consequences of climate change are gastrointestinal cancer and liver disease. In addition to gastroenteritis, other infectious diseases such as vector-borne diseases and parasites are important in the context of global warming, heat waves and floods. DISCUSSION Adaptation strategies must be consistently developed and implemented for vulnerable groups. Patients at risk should be informed about measures that can be implemented individually, such as avoiding heat, ensuring appropriate hydration and following hygiene instructions. Recommendations for physical activity and a healthy and sustainable diet are essential for the prevention of liver diseases and carcinomas. Measures for prevention and the promotion of resilience can be supported by the physicians at various levels. In addition to efforts fostering sustainability in the immediate working environment, a system-oriented commitment to climate protection is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Walldorf
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Christian Simon Mezger
- Arbeitsgruppe Global and Planetary Health, Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lena Weber
- Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anja Knothe
- Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michelle Klose
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Moritz
- Klinische Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Arbeitsgruppe Global and Planetary Health, Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan Feller
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Axel Schlitt
- Paracelsus-Harz-Klinik Bad Suderode, Bad Suderode, Germany
| | - Robin Greinert
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
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Purker M, Dobrovolny S, Kreuml M, Hufnagl P, Indra A, Kurmayer R. Quantitative relationships among high-throughput sequencing, cyanobacteria toxigenic genotype abundance and microcystin occurrence in bathing waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165934. [PMID: 37543325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxin-producing cyanobacteria pose significant threats to human and animal health if exposed during recreational activities in bathing waters. To better safeguard public health and reduce health risks during the bathing season, an effective monitoring and management strategy is required. Molecular tools used to monitor toxigenic cyanobacteria have been evaluated on the basis of the efficiency and applicability of the method used to (i) establish an early-warning monitoring strategy for EU bathing water sites using both targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and non-targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS) genotype analysis and (ii) to compare the toxigenic potential of cyanobacteria with actual microcystin (MC) occurrence and concentrations. For this purpose, 16 bathing water sites were monitored according to the bathing water directive (BWD) of the European Union (EU) during the bathing season of the summer of 2020 in eastern Austria. The cyanobacterial community composition was analyzed through HTS and qPCR by targeting the microcystin synthetase B gene (mcyB), which indicates MC synthesis within the genera Microcystis and Planktothrix. Within the genus Microcystis, which was identified as the primary MC producer, the mcyB genotypes formed stable subpopulations that increased linearly in correlation with the total Microcystis population. Notably, the HTS cell equivalents assigned to Microcystis and Planktothrix correlated with the corresponding qPCR estimates of genotype abundance, which serves as a confirmation of the suitability of (semi)-quantitative sequencing through HTS. In addition to the elevated trophic state, reduced transparency, increasing water temperatures, as well as cyanobacterial HTS read numbers and Microcystis cell number equivalents per mL estimated through qPCR, were associated with positive MC samples. Therefore, in combination with the monitoring of standard environmental parameters, the use of HTS and qPCR techniques is considered highly useful to ensure the timely identification of health risks to recreational users, as mandated by the BWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Purker
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene - Center for Anthropogenic Infections, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Währinger Straße 25a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene - Center for Anthropogenic Infections, Department of Water and Hygiene, Währinger Straße 25a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Universität Innsbruck, Research Department for Limnology, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria and Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck.
| | - Stefanie Dobrovolny
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Food Safety, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Spargelfeldstraße 191, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Kreuml
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Hydroanalytics, Wieningerstraße 8, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Peter Hufnagl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene - Center for Anthropogenic Infections, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Währinger Straße 25a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Indra
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Währinger Straße 25a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Kurmayer
- Universität Innsbruck, Research Department for Limnology, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria and Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck
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Pravadali-Cekic S, Vojvodic A, Violi JP, Mitrovic SM, Rodgers KJ, Bishop DP. Simultaneous Analysis of Cyanotoxins β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and Microcystins-RR, -LR, and -YR Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Molecules 2023; 28:6733. [PMID: 37764509 PMCID: PMC10537148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its isomers, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine (AEG), along with microcystins (MCs)-RR, -LR, and -YR (the major MC congeners), are cyanotoxins that can cause detrimental health and environmental impacts during toxic blooms. Currently, there are no reverse-phase (RP) LC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous detection and quantification of BMAA, its isomers, and the major MCs in a single analysis; therefore, multiple analyses are required to assess the toxic load of a sample. Here, we present a newly developed and validated method for the detection and quantification of BMAA, 2,4-DAB, AEG, MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR using RP LC-MS/MS. Method validation was performed, assessing linearity (r2 > 0.996), accuracy (>90% recovery for spiked samples), precision (7% relative standard deviation), and limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) (ranging from 0.13 to 1.38 ng mL-1). The application of this combined cyanotoxin analysis on a culture of Microcystis aeruginosa resulted in the simultaneous detection of 2,4-DAB (0.249 ng mg-1 dry weight (DW)) and MC-YR (4828 ng mg-1 DW). This study provides a unified method for the quantitative analysis of BMAA, its isomers, and three MC congeners in natural environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Pravadali-Cekic
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (HyMaS), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (S.P.-C.)
| | - Aleksandar Vojvodic
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (HyMaS), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (S.P.-C.)
| | - Jake P. Violi
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia;
| | - Simon M. Mitrovic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (S.M.M.); (K.J.R.)
| | - Kenneth J. Rodgers
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (S.M.M.); (K.J.R.)
| | - David P. Bishop
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (HyMaS), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (S.P.-C.)
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Matthews MW, Kravitz J, Pease J, Gensemer S. Determining the Spectral Requirements for Cyanobacteria Detection for the CyanoSat Hyperspectral Imager with Machine Learning. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7800. [PMID: 37765856 PMCID: PMC10535531 DOI: 10.3390/s23187800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This study determines an optimal spectral configuration for the CyanoSat imager for the discrimination and retrieval of cyanobacterial pigments using a simulated dataset with machine learning (ML). A minimum viable spectral configuration with as few as three spectral bands enabled the determination of cyanobacterial pigments phycocyanin (PC) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) but may not be suitable for determining cyanobacteria composition. A spectral configuration with about nine ideally positioned spectral bands enabled estimation of the cyanobacteria-to-algae ratio (CAR) and pigment concentrations with almost the same accuracy as using all 300 spectral channels. A narrower spectral band full-width half-maximum (FWHM) did not provide improved performance compared to the nominal 12 nm configuration. In conclusion, continuous sampling of the visible spectrum is not a requirement for cyanobacterial detection, provided that a multi-spectral configuration with ideally positioned, narrow bands is used. The spectral configurations identified here could be used to guide the selection of bands for future ocean and water color radiometry sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Kravitz
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA;
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Joshua Pease
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia; (J.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Stephen Gensemer
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia; (J.P.); (S.G.)
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7
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Kelly LT, Reed L, Puddick J, Hawes I, Hicks BJ, Allan MG, Lehmann MK, Wood SA. Growth conditions impact particulate absorption and pigment concentrations in two common bloom forming cyanobacterial species. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102432. [PMID: 37220985 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing using satellite imagery has been promoted as a method to broaden the scale and frequency of cyanobacterial monitoring. This relies on the ability to establish relationships between the reflectance spectra of water bodies and the abundance of cyanobacteria. A challenge to achieving this comes from a limited understanding of the extent to which the optical properties of cyanobacteria vary according to their physiological state and growth environment. The aim of the present study was to determine how growth stage, nutrient status and irradiance affect pigment concentrations and absorption spectra in two common bloom forming cyanobacterial taxa: Dolichospermum lemmermannii and Microcystis aeruginosa. Each species was grown in laboratory batch culture under a full factorial design of low or high light intensity and low, medium, or high nitrate concentrations. Absorption spectra, pigment concentrations and cell density were measured throughout the growth phases. The absorption spectra were all highly distinguishable from each other, with greater interspecific than intraspecific differences, indicating that both D. lemmermannii and M. aeruginosa can be readily differentiated using hyperspectral absorption spectra. Despite this, each species exhibited different responses in the per-cell pigment concentrations with varying light intensity and nitrate exposure. Variability among treatments was considerably higher in D. lemmermannii than in M. aeruginosa, which exhibited smaller changes in pigment concentrations among the treatments. These results highlight the need to understand the physiology of the cyanobacteria and to take caution when estimating biovolumes from reflectance spectra when species composition and growth stage are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Reed
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | | | - Ian Hawes
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Brendan J Hicks
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | | | - Moritz K Lehmann
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand; Xerra Earth Observation Institute, Alexandra, New Zealand
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Davidović P, Blagojević D, Meriluoto J, Simeunović J, Svirčev Z. Biotests in Cyanobacterial Toxicity Assessment-Efficient Enough or Not? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050711. [PMID: 37237524 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of organisms known for producing highly potent cyanotoxins that pose a threat to human, animal, and environmental health. These toxins have varying chemical structures and toxicity mechanisms and several toxin classes can be present simultaneously, making it difficult to assess their toxic effects using physico-chemical methods, even when the producing organism and its abundance are identified. To address these challenges, alternative organisms among aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates are being explored as more assays evolve and diverge from the initially established and routinely used mouse bioassay. However, detecting cyanotoxins in complex environmental samples and characterizing their toxic modes of action remain major challenges. This review provides a systematic overview of the use of some of these alternative models and their responses to harmful cyanobacterial metabolites. It also assesses the general usefulness, sensitivity, and efficiency of these models in investigating the mechanisms of cyanotoxicity expressed at different levels of biological organization. From the reported findings, it is clear that cyanotoxin testing requires a multi-level approach. While studying changes at the whole-organism level is essential, as the complexities of whole organisms are still beyond the reach of in vitro methodologies, understanding cyanotoxicity at the molecular and biochemical levels is necessary for meaningful toxicity evaluations. Further research is needed to refine and optimize bioassays for cyanotoxicity testing, which includes developing standardized protocols and identifying novel model organisms for improved understanding of the mechanisms with fewer ethical concerns. In vitro models and computational modeling can complement vertebrate bioassays and reduce animal use, leading to better risk assessment and characterization of cyanotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Davidović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dajana Blagojević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jelica Simeunović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Kim J, Jung W, An J, Oh HJ, Park J. Self-optimization of training dataset improves forecasting of cyanobacterial bloom by machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161398. [PMID: 36621510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Data-driven model (DDM) prediction of aquatic ecological responses, such as cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs), is critically influenced by the choice of training dataset. However, a systematic method to choose the optimal training dataset considering data history has not yet been developed. Providing a comprehensive procedure with self-based optimal training dataset-selecting algorithm would self-improve the DDM performance. In this study, a novel algorithm was developed to self-generate possible training dataset candidates from the available input and output variable data and self-choose the optimal training dataset that maximizes CyanoHAB forecasting performance. Nine years of meteorological and water quality data (input) and CyanoHAB data (output) from a site on the Nakdong River, South Korea, were acquired and pretreated via an automated process. An artificial neural network (ANN) was chosen from among the DDM candidates by first-cut training and validation using the entire collected dataset. Optimal training datasets for the ANN were self-selected from among the possible self-generated training datasets by systematically simulating the performance in response to 46 periods and 40 sizes (number of data elements) of the generated training datasets. The best-performing models were screened to identify the candidate models. The best performance corresponded to 6-7 years of training data (∼18 % lower error) for forecasting 1-28 d ahead (1-28 d of forecasting lead time (FLT)). After the hyperparameters of the screened model candidates were fine-tuned, the best-performing model (7 years of data with 14 d FLT) was self-determined by comparing the forecasts with unseen CyanoHAB events. The self-determined model could reasonably predict CyanoHABs occurring in Korean waters (cyanobacteria cells/mL ≥ 1000). Thus, our proposed method of self-optimizing the training dataset effectively improved the predictive accuracy and operational efficiency of the DDM prediction of CyanoHAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosik Jung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jusuk An
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Je Oh
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Anatoxins from benthic cyanobacteria responsible for dog mortalities in New Brunswick, Canada. Toxicon 2023; 227:107086. [PMID: 36914100 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
In July 2018 three dogs died after visiting the Wolastoq (Saint John River) near Fredericton, New Brunswick, in Atlantic Canada. All showed signs of toxicosis, and necropsies revealed non-specific pulmonary edema and multiple microscopic brain hemorrhages. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis of vomitus and stomach contents as well as water and biota from the mortality sites confirmed the presence of anatoxins (ATXs), a class of potent neurotoxic alkaloids. The highest levels were measured in a dried benthic cyanobacterial mat that two of the dogs had been eating before falling ill and in a vomitus sample collected from one of the dogs. Concentrations of 357 and 785 mg/kg for anatoxin-a and dihydroanatoxin-a, respectively, were measured in the vomitus. Known anatoxin-producing species of Microcoleus were tentatively identified using microscopy and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The ATX synthetase gene, anaC, was detected in the samples and isolates. The pathology and experimental results confirmed the role of ATXs in these dog mortalities. Further research is required to understand drivers for toxic cyanobacteria in the Wolastoq and to develop methodology for assessing occurrence.
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Belykh OI, Sorokovikova EG, Tomberg IV, Fedorova GA, Kuzmin AV, Krasnopeev AY, Suslova MY, Potapov SA, Belykh TI, Norovsuren J, Galachyants AD, Tikhonova IV. Water Quality, Toxicity and Diversity of Planktonic and Benthic Cyanobacteria in Pristine Ancient Lake Khubsugul (Hövsgöl), Mongolia. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030213. [PMID: 36977104 PMCID: PMC10053237 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, microcystin-producing cyanobacteria have been detected in Khubsugul, which is ancient, pristine and one of the world’s largest lakes. The microcystin synthetase genes belonged to the genera Nostoc, Microcystis and possibly Snowella spp. No microcystins were found in the water of the lake. Using the HPLC-HRMS/TOF, five microcystin congeners were identified in biofilms from stony substrates sampled in the coastal zone. The concentration of microcystins in biofilms was low: 41.95 µg g−1 d. wt. by ELISA and 55.8 µg g−1 d. wt. using HPLC. The taxonomic composition of planktonic and benthic cyanobacterial communities was determined by means of microscopy and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons. Nostocales cyanobacteria dominated benthos of Lake Khubsugul and Synechococcales—plankton. The abundance of cyanobacteria was low both in plankton and benthos; there was no mass development of cyanobacteria. Hydrochemical and microbiological analyses showed that the water in the lake was clean; the number of faecal microorganisms was significantly below the acceptable guideline values. Hydrochemical and hydrophysical parameters, and the concentration of chlorophyll a, were low and within the range of values recorded in the 1970s to 1990s, and corresponded to the oligotrophic state of the lake. There were no signs of anthropogenic eutrophication of the lake and no conditions for the cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Belykh
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.I.B.); (E.G.S.)
| | - Ekaterina G. Sorokovikova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.I.B.); (E.G.S.)
| | - Irina V. Tomberg
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Galina A. Fedorova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Anton V. Kuzmin
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu. Krasnopeev
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Maria Yu. Suslova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Potapov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Belykh
- Institute for Culture, Social Communication and Information Technology, Baikal State University, 11 Lenin Str., Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Jadambaa Norovsuren
- Institute of Biology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 54B Peace Avenue, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
| | - Agnia D. Galachyants
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Irina V. Tikhonova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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12
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Yang M, Wang W, Gao Q, Zhao C, Li C, Yang X, Li J, Li X, Cui J, Zhang L, Ji Y, Geng S. Automatic identification of harmful algae based on multiple convolutional neural networks and transfer learning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15311-15324. [PMID: 36169848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of harmful phytoplankton is very important for the maintenance of the aquatic ecological environment. Traditional algae monitoring methods require professionals with substantial experience in algae species, which are time-consuming, expensive, and limited in practice. The automatic classification of algae cell images and the identification of harmful phytoplankton images were realized by the combination of multiple convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and deep learning techniques based on transfer learning in this work. Eleven common harmful and 31 harmless phytoplankton genera were collected as input samples; the five CNNs classification models of AlexNet, VGG16, GoogLeNet, ResNet50, and MobileNetV2 were fine-tuned to automatically classify phytoplankton images; and the average accuracy was improved 11.9% when compared to models without fine-tuning. In order to monitor harmful phytoplankton which can cause red tides or produce toxins severely polluting drinking water, a new identification method of harmful phytoplankton which combines the recognition results of five CNN models was proposed, and the recall rate reached 98.0%. The experimental results validate that the recognition performance of harmful phytoplankton could be significantly improved by transfer learning, and the proposed identification method is effective in the preliminary screening of harmful phytoplankton and greatly reduces the workload of professional personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wensi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Caole Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiangfei Yang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Jiaxi Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jianglong Cui
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yanping Ji
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shuqin Geng
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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13
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Weiss MB, Médice RV, Jacinavicius FR, Pinto E, Crnkovic CM. Metabolomics Applied to Cyanobacterial Toxins and Natural Products. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1439:21-49. [PMID: 37843804 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41741-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The biological and chemical diversity of Cyanobacteria is remarkable. These ancient prokaryotes are widespread in nature and can be found in virtually every habitat on Earth where there is light and water. They are producers of an array of secondary metabolites with important ecological roles, toxic effects, and biotechnological applications. The investigation of cyanobacterial metabolites has benefited from advances in analytical tools and bioinformatics that are employed in metabolomic analyses. In this chapter, we review selected articles highlighting the use of targeted and untargeted metabolomics in the analyses of secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. Here, cyanobacterial secondary metabolites have been didactically divided into toxins and natural products according to their relevance to toxicological studies and drug discovery, respectively. This review illustrates how metabolomics has improved the chemical analysis of cyanobacteria in terms of speed, sensitivity, selectivity, and/or coverage, allowing for broader and more complex scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Barczyszyn Weiss
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhuana Valdetário Médice
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rios Jacinavicius
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Division of Tropical Ecosystem Functioning, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Camila Manoel Crnkovic
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415741. [PMID: 36555384 PMCID: PMC9779585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodularin (NOD) is a potent toxin produced by Nodularia spumigena cyanobacteria. Usually, NOD co-exists with other microcystins in environmental waters, a class of cyanotoxins secreted by certain cyanobacteria species, which makes identification difficult in the case of mixed toxins. Herein we report a complete theoretical DFT-vibrational Raman characterization of NOD along with the experimental drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) technique. In addition, we used the vibrational characterization to probe SERS analysis of NOD using colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), commercial nanopatterned substrates with periodic inverted pyramids (KlariteTM substrate), hydrophobic Tienta® SpecTrimTM slides, and in-house fabricated periodic nanotrenches by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The 532 nm excitation source provided more well-defined bands even at LOD levels, as well as the best performance in terms of SERS intensity. This was reflected by the results obtained with the KlariteTM substrate and the silver-based colloidal system, which were the most promising detection approaches, providing the lowest limits of detection. A detection limit of 8.4 × 10-8 M was achieved for NOD in solution by using AgNPs. Theoretical computation of the complex vibrational modes of NOD was used for the first time to unambiguously assign all the specific vibrational Raman bands.
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15
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Schaeffer BA, Urquhart E, Coffer M, Salls W, Stumpf RP, Loftin KA, Werdell PJ. Satellites quantify the spatial extent of cyanobacterial blooms across the United States at multiple scales. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2022; 140:1-14. [PMID: 36425672 PMCID: PMC9680831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (cyanoHAB) frequency, extent, and magnitude have increased globally over the past few decades. However, little quantitative capability is available to assess these metrics of cyanoHABs across broad geographic scales and at regular intervals. Here, the spatial extent was quantified from a cyanobacteria algorithm applied to two European Space Agency satellite platforms-the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) onboard Envisat and the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3. CyanoHAB spatial extent was defined for each geographic area as the percentage of valid satellite pixels that exhibited cyanobacteria above the detection limit of the satellite sensor. This study quantified cyanoHAB spatial extent for over 2,000 large lakes and reservoirs across the contiguous United States (CONUS) during two time periods: 2008-2011 via MERIS and 2017-2020 via OLCI when cloud-, ice-, and snow-free imagery was available. Approximately 56% of resolvable lakes were glaciated, 13% were headwater, isolated, or terminal lakes, and the rest were primarily drainage lakes. Results were summarized at national-, regional-, state-, and lake-scales, where regions were defined as nine climate regions which represent climatically consistent states. As measured by satellite, changes in national cyanoHAB extent did have a strong increase of 6.9% from 2017 to 2020 (|Kendall's tau (τ)| = 0.56; gamma (γ) = 2.87 years), but had negligible change (|τ| = 0.03) from 2008 to 2011. Two of the nine regions had moderate (0.3 ≤ |τ| < 0.5) increases in spatial extent from 2017 to 2020, and eight of nine regions had negligible (|τ| < 0.2) change from 2008 to 2011. Twelve states had a strong or moderate increase from 2017 to 2020 (|τ| ≥ 0.3), while only one state had a moderate increase and two states had a moderate decrease from 2008 to 2011. A decrease, or no change, in cyanoHAB spatial extent did not indicate a lack of issues related to cyanoHABs. Sensitivity results of randomly omitted daily CONUS scenes confirm that even with reduced data availability during a short four-year temporal assessment, the direction and strength of the changes in spatial extent remained consistent. We present the first set of national maps of lake cyanoHAB spatial extent across CONUS and demonstrate an approach for quantifying past and future changes at multiple spatial scales. Results presented here provide water quality managers information regarding current cyanoHAB spatial extent and quantify rates of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake A. Schaeffer
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Erin Urquhart
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Ocean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
| | - Megan Coffer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Wilson Salls
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Richard P. Stumpf
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1305 East-West Highway Code N/SCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States
| | - Keith A. Loftin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory, Kansas Water Science Center, 1217 Biltmore Drive, Lawrence, KS 66049, United States
| | - P. Jeremy Werdell
- Ocean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
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Zhan Q, Teurlincx S, van Herpen F, Raman NV, Lürling M, Waajen G, de Senerpont Domis LN. Towards climate-robust water quality management: Testing the efficacy of different eutrophication control measures during a heatwave in an urban canal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154421. [PMID: 35278546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms are symptomatic of eutrophication and lead to deterioration of water quality and ecosystem services. Extreme climatic events could enhance eutrophication resulting in more severe nuisance algal blooms, while they also may hamper current restoration efforts aimed to reduce nutrient loads. Evaluation of restoration measures on their efficacy under climate change is essential for effective water management. We conducted a two-month mesocosm experiment in a hypertrophic urban canal focussing on the reduction of sediment phosphorus (P)-release. We tested the efficacy of four interventions, measuring phytoplankton biomass, nutrients in water and sediment. The measures included sediment dredging, water column aeration and application of P-sorbents (lanthanum-modified bentonite - Phoslock® and iron-lime sludge, a by-product from drinking water production). An extreme heatwave (with the highest daily maximum air temperature up to 40.7 °C) was recorded in the middle of our experiment. This extreme heatwave was used for the evaluation of heatwave-induced impacts. Dredging and lanthanum modified bentonite exhibited the largest efficacy in reducing phytoplankton and cyanobacteria biomass and improving water clarity, followed by iron-lime sludge, whereas aeration did not show an effect. The heatwave negatively impacted all four measures, with increased nutrient releases and consequently increased phytoplankton biomass and decreased water clarity compared to the pre-heatwave phase. We propose a conceptual model suggesting that the heatwave locks nutrients within the biological P loop, which is the exchange between labile P and organic P, while the P fraction in the chemical P loop will be decreased. As a consequence, the efficacy of chemical agents targeting P-reduction by chemical binding will be hampered by heatwaves. Our study indicates that current restoration measures might be challenged in a future with more frequent and intense heatwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhan
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sven Teurlincx
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank van Herpen
- Royal HaskoningDHV, P.O. Box 1132, 3800 BC Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Water Authority Aa en Maas, P.O. Box 5049, 5201 GA 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Nandini Vasantha Raman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Waajen
- Water Authority Brabantse Delta, P.O. Box 5520, 4801 DZ Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Gao J, Nie Z, Zhu H, Du J, Cao L, Shao N, Sun Y, Su S, Xu G, Xu P. Microcystin-LR induces apoptosis in Juvenile Eriocheir sinensis via the mitochondrial pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113528. [PMID: 35500400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), the toxic substance of cyanobacteria secondary metabolism, widely exists in water environments and poses great risks to living organisms. Some toxicological assessments of MC-LR have performed at physiological and biochemical levels. However, plenty of blanks about the potential mechanism in aquatic crustacean remains. In this study, we firstly assessed the exposure toxicity of MC-LR to juvenile E. sinensis and clarified that the 96 h LD50 of MC-LR was 73.23 μg/kg. Then, hepatopancreas transcriptome profiles of MC-LR stressed crabs were constructed at 6 h post-injection and 37 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. These DEGs were enriched in cytoskeleton, peroxisome and apoptosis pathways. To further reveal the toxicity of MC-LR, oxidative stress parameters (SOD, CAT, GSH-px and MDA), apoptosis genes (caspase 3, bcl-2 and bax) and apoptotic cells were detected. Significant accumulated MDA and rise-fall enzyme activities verified the oxidative stress caused by MC-LR. It is noteworthy that quantitative real-time PCR and TUNEL assay indicated that MC-LR stress-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Interestingly, activator protein-1 may play a crucial role in mediating the hepatotoxicity of MC-LR by regulating apoptosis and oxidative stress. Taken together, our study investigated the toxic effects and the potential molecular mechanisms of MC-LR on juvenile E. sinensis. It provided useful data for exploring the toxicity of MC-LR to aquatic crustaceans at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Haojun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Nailin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shengyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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18
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Whitman P, Schaeffer B, Salls W, Coffer M, Mishra S, Seegers B, Loftin K, Stumpf R, Werdell PJ. A validation of satellite derived cyanobacteria detections with state reported events and recreation advisories across U.S. lakes. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 115:102191. [PMID: 35623685 PMCID: PMC9677179 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) negatively affect ecological, human, and animal health. Traditional methods of validating satellite algorithms with data from water samples are often inhibited by the expense of quantifying cyanobacteria indicators in the field and the lack of public data. However, state recreation advisories and other recorded events of cyanoHAB occurrence reported by local authorities can serve as an independent and publicly available dataset for validation. State recreation advisories were defined as a period delimited by a start and end date where a warning was issued due to detections of cyanoHABs over a state's risk threshold. State reported events were defined as any event that was documented with a single date related to cyanoHABs. This study examined the presence-absence agreement between 160 state reported cyanoHAB advisories and 1,343 events and cyanobacteria biomass estimated by a satellite algorithm called the Cyanobacteria Index (CIcyano). The true positive rate of agreement with state recreation advisories was 69% and 60% with state reported events. CIcyano detected a reduction or absence in cyanobacteria after 76% of the recreation advisories ended. CIcyano was used to quantify the magnitude, spatial extent, and temporal frequency of cyanoHABs; each of these three metrics were greater (r > 0.2) during state recreation advisories compared to non-advisory times with effect sizes ranging from small to large. This is the first study to quantitatively evaluate satellite algorithm performance for detecting cyanoHABs with state reported events and advisories and supports informed management decisions with satellite technologies that complement traditional field observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Whitman
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Blake Schaeffer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Wilson Salls
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Megan Coffer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA; Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sachidananda Mishra
- Consolidated Safety Services Inc. Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bridget Seegers
- Ocean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Keith Loftin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Kansas Water Science Center, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Richard Stumpf
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - P Jeremy Werdell
- Ocean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
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19
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Rasuli L, Dehghani MH, Aghaei M, Mahvi AH, Mubarak NM, Karri RR. Occurrence and fate of bacterial endotoxins in the environment (air, water, wastewater) and remediation technologies: An overview. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135089. [PMID: 35623438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxins as the outer membrane of most Gram-Negative Bacteria (GNB) and typical toxic biochemical produced by microorganisms are identified as one of the emerging pollutants. These microbial by-products are harmful compounds that can be present in various environments including air, water, soil, and other ecosystems which was discussed in detail in this review. Environmental and occupational exposure caused by endotoxin occurs in water and wastewater treatment plants, industrial plants, farming, waste recovery, and composting facilities. Even though the health risk related to endotoxin injection in intravenous and dialysis are well identified, the harmful effects of ingestion, inhalation, and other way of exposure are not well quantified and there is insufficient information on the potential health risks of endotoxins exposure in water environments, and another exposures. Because of limited studies, the outbreaks of diseases related to endotoxins in the various source of exposure not been well documented. Endotoxin removal from different environments are investigated in this review. The results of various studies have shown that conventional treatment methods have been unable to remove endotoxins from water and wastewater, therefore, monitoring the effectiveness of these processes in controlling this contaminant and also using the appropriate removal method is essential. However, management of water and wastewater treatment processes and the use of advanced processes such as Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) can be effective in monitoring and reducing endotoxin levels during water and wastewater treatment. One of the limitations of endotoxin monitoring is the lack of sufficient information to develop monitoring levels. In addition, the lack of guidelinesand methods of controlling them at high levels may cause irreparable disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rasuli
- Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Aghaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Pradhan B, Ki JS. Phytoplankton Toxins and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications: A Journey toward the Quest for Potent Pharmaceuticals. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040271. [PMID: 35447944 PMCID: PMC9030253 DOI: 10.3390/md20040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton are prominent organisms that contain numerous bioactive substances and secondary metabolites, including toxins, which can be valuable to pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and biotechnological industries. Studies on toxins produced by phytoplankton such as cyanobacteria, diatoms, and dinoflagellates have become more prevalent in recent years and have sparked much interest in this field of research. Because of their richness and complexity, they have great potential as medicinal remedies and biological exploratory probes. Unfortunately, such toxins are still at the preclinical and clinical stages of development. Phytoplankton toxins are harmful to other organisms and are hazardous to animals and human health. However, they may be effective as therapeutic pharmacological agents for numerous disorders, including dyslipidemia, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. In this review, we have focused on the properties of different toxins produced by phytoplankton, as well as their beneficial effects and potential biomedical applications. The anticancer properties exhibited by phytoplankton toxins are mainly attributed to their apoptotic effects. As a result, phytoplankton toxins are a promising strategy for avoiding postponement or cancer treatment. Moreover, they also displayed promising applications in other ailments and diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, AIDS, fungal, bacterial, schizophrenia, inflammation, allergy, osteoporosis, asthma, and pain. Preclinical and clinical applications of phytoplankton toxins, as well as future directions of their enhanced nano-formulations for improved clinical efficacy, have also been reviewed.
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21
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Lipopolysaccharide from the Cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. Induces Neutrophil Infiltration and Lung Inflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040267. [PMID: 35448876 PMCID: PMC9024439 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-resistant asthma, which predominates with neutrophils instead of eosinophils, is an increasing health concern. One potential source for the induction of neutrophil-predominant asthma is aerosolized lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cyanobacteria have recently caused significant tidal blooms, and aerosolized cyanobacterial LPS has been detected near the cyanobacterial overgrowth. We hypothesized that cyanobacterial LPS contributes to lung inflammation by increasing factors that promote lung inflammation and neutrophil recruitment. To test this hypothesis, c57Bl/6 mice were exposed intranasally to LPS from the cyanobacterium member, Geitlerinema sp., in vivo to assess neutrophil infiltration and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from the bronchoalveolar fluid by ELISA. Additionally, we exposed the airway epithelial cell line, A549, to Geitlerinema sp. LPS in vitro to confirm that airway epithelial cells were stimulated by this LPS to increase cytokine production and the expression of the adhesion molecule, ICAM-1. Our data demonstrate that Geitlerinema sp. LPS induces lung neutrophil infiltration, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-6, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and Interferongamma as well as the chemokines IL-8 and RANTES. Additionally, we demonstrate that Geitlerinema sp. LPS directly activates airway epithelial cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and the adhesion molecule, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in vitro using the airway epithelial cell line, A549. Based on our findings that use Geitlerinema sp. LPS as a model system, the data indicate that cyanobacteria LPS may contribute to the development of glucocorticoid-resistant asthma seen near water sources that contain high levels of cyanobacteria.
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22
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Kim M, Hong S, Cha J, Kim Y, Lee CE, An Y, Shin KH. Multimedia distributions and the fate of microcystins from freshwater discharge in the Geum River Estuary, South Korea: Applicability of POCIS for monitoring of microalgal biotoxins. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118222. [PMID: 34571464 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the characteristics of the environmental multimedia distribution of microcystins (MCs) introduced from freshwater discharge through the estuary dam of the Geum River. In addition, the applicability of a passive sampling device (polar organic chemical integrative sampler, POCIS) for monitoring MCs was evaluated. Surface water, suspended solids (SS), sediments, and oysters were collected from the inner and outer estuary dam. Seven MC variants were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. POCIS was deployed at three sites over one week, and MCs were monitored for four weeks from August to September 2019. Before POCIS was deployed in the field, compounds-specific sampling rates of MCs were determined as functions of water temperature (10, 20, and 30 °C), flow rate (0, 0.38, and 0.76 m s-1), and salinity (0, 15, and 30 psu) in the laboratory. The sampling rates of MCs in POCIS increased significantly with increasing water temperature and flow rate, whereas salinity did not significantly affect the sampling rates between freshwater and saltwater. The MCs in the Geum River Estuary mainly existed as particulate forms (mean: 78%), with relatively low proportions of dissolved forms (mean: 22%), indicating that MCs were mainly contained in cyanobacterial cells. There was no significant correlation among the concentrations of MCs in water, SS, sediments, and oysters. Time-weighted average concentrations of MCs from POCIS were not significantly correlated with the concentrations of MCs in water and oysters. The metabolites of MCs, including MC-LR-GSH, MC-LR-Cys, MC-RR-GSH, and MC-RR-Cys, were detected in oysters (no metabolites were detected in POCIS). Overall, POCIS can be useful for monitoring dissolved MCs in the aquatic ecosystem, particularly in calculating time-weighted average concentrations, but it seems to have limitations in evaluating the contamination status of total MCs, mainly in particulate form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mungi Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Eon Lee
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung An
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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23
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Zhou J, Gao L, Lin Y, Pan B, Li M. Micrometer scale polystyrene plastics of varying concentrations and particle sizes inhibit growth and upregulate microcystin-related gene expression in Microcystis aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126591. [PMID: 34256331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a concerning environmental pollutant due to their adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, the dose- and size-dependent effects of MPs on toxigenic cyanobacteria have not been extensively studied. Herein, we explored the effects of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) of varying particle sizes and concentrations on the growth and physiology of Microcystis aeruginosa. The results showed that exposure to 1 µm PS-MPs at a concentration of 2-10 mg L-1 significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa in a concentration-dependent manner. After 12 days of exposure, high concentrations of 1 µm PS-MPs (≥ 2 mg L-1) increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Following exposure to 5 mg L-1 PS-MPs of different particle sizes, algal growth was inhibited and oxidative stress was induced by 0.5 and 1 µm PS-MPs. At the molecular level, transcription of the atpB gene was generally downregulated in all PS-MPs treatments, while ftsH and fabZ were upregulated. Exposure to PS-MPs also altered the transcription levels of microcystin-related genes (mcyA and mcyH), causing more microcystin to be produced by M. aeruginosa. The results will be useful for understanding the toxicity of MPs toward toxigenic cyanobacteria, and evaluating the ecological risks of MPs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Gao
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Yuye Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baozhu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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24
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Ye S, Gao L, Zamyadi A, Glover CM, Ma N, Wu H, Li M. Multi-proxy approaches to investigate cyanobacteria invasion from a eutrophic lake into the circumjacent groundwater. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117578. [PMID: 34455158 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To verify whether cyanobacteria can travel from eutrophic lakes into the surrounding groundwater, a large-scale field investigation, laboratorial incubations, and quartz column penetration tests were carried out in Lake Taihu (China). High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons indicated that cyanobacteria operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were present at fifteen out of forty total wells in four cardinal directions at varying distances from the shore of Lake Taihu, up to a maximum of forty-three kilometers. Six cyanobacteria genera were detected including Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Phormidium, Leptolyngbya, Pseudanabaena and Synechococcus. The proportions of Phormidium, Microcystis and Synechococcus OTUs in the total cyanobacterial community were 45.2%, 32.2% and 19.4%, respectively. The qRT-PCR results showed that cyanobacterial abundance decreased with increasing distance from the shore of Lake Taihu. Based on the microscopic analysis of cultures inoculated with groundwater, we found Microcystis, Dolichospermum and Phormidium. Five cyanobacterial genera were able to penetrate columns filled with quartz particles ranging from 100∼200 μm. Finer layers of quartz sands were found to be impenetrable. The rating of infiltration capabilities was Microcystis > Synechococcus > Nostoc > Phormidium > Cylindrospermopsis. Deficient concentrations of microcystins were found (< 1 µg L-1) in the groundwater samples. Based on the consideration of different factors (cyanobacterial composition in Lake Taihu, peripheral groundwater, and algal soil crusts), it was deduced that Microcystis likely originated from the lake. Still, Phormidium was probably originated from the soil infiltration. These results suggest that cyanobacteria and their toxins could travel in the groundwater, but this is a size-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ye
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - Arash Zamyadi
- Water Research Australia (Water RA), Adelaide/Melbourne, South Australia/Victoria, 5001, Australia; Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Infrastructure Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Caitlin M Glover
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Haiming Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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25
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Li H, Ma L, Zhang L, Liu N, Li Z, Zhang F, Liu X, Ma X. Dietary Inulin Regulated Gut Microbiota and Improved Neonatal Health in a Pregnant Sow Model. Front Nutr 2021; 8:716723. [PMID: 34434954 PMCID: PMC8380823 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.716723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal dietary fiber intake and piglet health. Multiparous sows were randomly assigned to two groups and fed diets without inulin (control group, n = 20) or 1.6% inulin (1.6IN group, n = 20). The results indicate that 1.6IN prevented the prolonged farrowing duration of sows (P < 0.05) and shortened the average piglet birth interval (P < 0.1). In addition, 1.6IN decreased the percentage of the piglet born weak and the percentage of the piglet with hyperthermia after birth (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the 1.6IN group had a lower concentration of urea nitrogen in the colostrum, and also prevented diarrhea, increased litter gain, survival rate, and average daily gain for suckling piglets (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 1.6IN decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Streptococcus; increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Desulfovibrio, Paludibacter, CF231, and Prevotella. Overall, this study showed that maternal fiber nutrition during pregnancy regulated the health of offspring, and the response of the maternal intestinal microbes played an important role in intervening in the phenotype of sows and neonatal piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Longteng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Longlin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaokang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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26
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Chae S, Murugesan B, Kim H, Duvvuru DK, Lee T, Choi YH, Baek MH, Nadagouda MN. Advanced Phosphorus Recovery from Municipal Wastewater using Anoxic/Aerobic Membrane Bioreactors and Magnesium Carbonate-Based Pellets. ACS ES&T WATER 2021; 1:10.1021/acsestwater.0c00300. [PMID: 34676375 PMCID: PMC8525428 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.0c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective recovery of phosphorus from municipal wastewater could be one of the best practical alternatives to protect aquatic environments from eutrophication and save natural phosphorus resources. This paper focuses on validating magnesium carbonate (MgCO3)-based pellets combined with a bench-scale anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for advanced phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater. As the flow rate of wastewater into the MgCO3 column decreased from 10 L/d to 2.5 L/d, the phosphorus recovery rate of the MgCO3-based pellets increased from 54.3 to 93.5%. However, the column's severe clogging was found after a 13-days operation due to the high removal of total suspended solids (TSS) (~82%) through the MgCO3 column. The anoxic/aerobic MBR introduction provided efficient removal of TSS, organic matter, and ammonia nitrogen before the MgCO3 column. The combination of MBR with the MgCO3 column achieved 73.1% phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater without physical clogging. The P recovery capacity of the MgCO3-based pellets was maintained at 0.47 mg ortho-P/g MgCO3-based pellet during the continuous operation. Physical and chemical properties of MgCO3-based pellets before and after the experiment were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soryong Chae
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Brindha Murugesan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Hyunsik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Dilip Kumar Duvvuru
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, CMTB, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Tae Lee
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, CMTB, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Yang-Hun Choi
- Water Treatment Development Team, LOTTE CHEMICAL Advanced Materials, Uiwang-si, Gyeonngi-do 16073, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Baek
- Monomer R&D Division, LOTTE CHEMICAL R&D Center, Daejeon 34110, Republic of Korea
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, CMTB, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
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Vega L, Jaimes J, Morales D, Martínez D, Cruz-Saavedra L, Muñoz M, Ramírez JD. Microbial Communities' Characterization in Urban Recreational Surface Waters Using Next Generation Sequencing. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:847-863. [PMID: 33392628 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities in surface waters used for recreational purposes are indicators of contamination and risk of contact with human pathogens. Hence, monitoring microbial communities in recreational waters is important for potential public health threats to humans. Such monitoring is rare in Colombia, even in its capital, Bogotá, the most populous city in the country. This city encompasses metropolitan and linear parks with recreational water bodies that are used frequently by the public, and the presence of pathogens can compromise the health of the citizens. Therefore, we examined the bacterial, and eukaryotic communities in urban recreational lakes (URL) in four metropolitan parks in Bogotá, Colombia. Samples from four metropolitan parks (Los Novios, Simon Bolivar, El Tunal, and Timiza) and one stream contaminated with sewage from a linear park (El Virrey) were collected. We used amplicon next-generation sequencing of the 16S-rRNA gene and 18S-rRNA gene to characterize microbial communities followed by bioinformatics analyses. In addition, general water quality parameters-pH, hardness, acidity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, and nitrites-were recorded using a commercial kit. Genera of pathogens, including Legionella, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Candida, and Naegleria, were found in lake waters. The stream El Virrey was, however, the only surface water that showed an abundance of fecal bacteria, often associated with low oxygen concentrations. All water bodies showed a predominance of fungal phyla, except for the lake at Timiza. This lake showed the highest pH, and its ecological dynamics are likely different from other water bodies. Likewise, some URLs displayed a greater abundance of cyanobacteria, including toxin-producing species. Algal genera associated with eutrophication were predominant among primary producing microorganisms. This study shows for the first time the description of the bacterial and eukaryotic communities of some URLs and a stream in Bogotá. The URLs and the stream harbored various pathogens that might pose a risk to the citizen's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vega
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - Jesús Jaimes
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - Duvan Morales
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - David Martínez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia.
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28
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Ramos TK, Costa LDF, Yunes JS, Resgalla C, Barufi JB, Bastos EDO, Horta PA, Rörig LR. Saxitoxins from the freshwater cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii can contaminate marine mussels. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 103:102004. [PMID: 33980444 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Raphidiopsis raciborskii (formerly Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) is a freshwater cyanobacterium potentially producing saxitoxins (STX) and cylindrospermopsin. Its ecophysiological versatility enables it to form blooms in the most diverse types of environments, from tropical to temperate, and from relatively pristine to polluted. In Peri Lake, located in the subtropical south of Brazil, growing populations of STX-producing R. raciborskii have been detected since 1994, posing risks to the use of its waters that supply a population of about 100,000 inhabitants. Despite the existence of a monitoring system for the presence and toxicity of cyanobacteria in Peri Lake water, no assessment has been made in the coastal region, downstream of outflowing lake water, thereby potentially making available a toxic biomass to natural and cultivated shellfish populations in the salt water ecosystem. To address this problem, the present study evaluated environmental variables and STX concentration by profiling the outflowing waters between Peri Lake and the adjacent coastal zone. Laboratory experiments were carried out with three strains of R. raciborskii in order to confirm the effect of salinity on STX production and verify if Perna Perna mussels fed with R. raciborskii cultures would absorb and accumulate STX. Results showed that environmental concentrations of STX reach high levels (up to 6.31 µg L-1 STX eq.), especially in the warmer months, reaching the coastal zone. In laboratory tests, it was found that the strains tolerate salinities between 4 and 6 and that salinity influences the production of STX. In addition, mussels fed with R. raciborskii effectively absorb and accumulate STX, even in typically marine salinities (22 to 30), suggesting that R. raciborskii biomass remains available and toxic despite salinity shock. These results draw attention to the ecological and health risk associated with R. raciborskii blooms, both in the lake environment and in the adjacent marine environment, calling attention to the need to improve the monitoring and management systems for water and shellfish toxicity in the region of interest, as well as other places where toxic cyanobacteria of limnic origin can reach the coastal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanise Klein Ramos
- Laboratory of Phycology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Center for Biological Sciences, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza Dy Fonseca Costa
- Laboratory of Cyanobacteria and Phycotoxins, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil; INNOVATIO Business Incubatorin in Oceantec Technology Park, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - João Sarkis Yunes
- Laboratory of Cyanobacteria and Phycotoxins, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Charrid Resgalla
- School of Sea, Science and Technology, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil
| | - José Bonomi Barufi
- Laboratory of Phycology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Center for Biological Sciences, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Oliveira Bastos
- Laboratory of Phycology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Center for Biological Sciences, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antunes Horta
- Laboratory of Phycology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Center for Biological Sciences, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Rubi Rörig
- Laboratory of Phycology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Center for Biological Sciences, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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29
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Kim M, Kim D, Kim J, Hong S, Shin KH. Distribution of microcystins in environmental multimedia and their bioaccumulation characteristics in marine benthic organisms in the Geum River Estuary, South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143815. [PMID: 33250238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal distributions and bioaccumulation characteristics of freshwater cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins (MCs) in the Geum River Estuary, South Korea, were investigated during summer. Environmental multimedia samples (water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediments) and tidal flat organisms (polychaetes, decapods, amphipods, and bivalves) were collected from regions inside and outside of the estuary dam for MCs analysis. Phytoplankton communities in the Geum River (freshwater) and estuarine area (brackish water) were also analyzed in order to understand the relationship with MCs concentrations. Seasonal variation in the structure of phytoplankton communities was detected in the Geum River, with a relatively high density of Cyanophyta in summer. MC concentrations were strongly correlated to water temperature, chlorophyll a, and cyanobacterial density. MC-LR was the most abundant MC variants in environmental samples. Dissolved MCs remained for longer periods and were more widely distributed in the coastal environments compared to particulate MCs. The distribution coefficients between water and SPM (Kd-SPM) and between water and sediments (Kd-sediment) of MCs showed that the phase shift of MCs in the environmental samples occurred in the estuary. Kd-SPM declined from the inside to outside regions of the estuary dam, and was mainly attributed to differences in the half-lives of MCs in dissolved (4.7 d for MC-LR) and particulate phases (0.44-0.52 d for MC-LR). Species-specific bioaccumulation of MCs occurred in tidal flat organisms, with relatively high bioaccumulation factors of MCs being detected in polychaetes and decapods compared to amphipods and bivalves. Overall, this study advances our understanding on the distribution, transport, fate, and bioaccumulation of MCs in estuarine and coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mungi Kim
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyun Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Kim
- Water & Eco-Bio Co., Ltd., Jungboo Building, Miryong-dong, Kunsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Suo T, Sohail M, Xie S, Li B, Chen Y, Zhang L, Zhang X. DNA nanotechnology: A recent advancement in the monitoring of microcystin-LR. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123418. [PMID: 33265072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Microcystin-Leucine-Arginine (MC-LR) is the most toxic and widely distributed microcystin, which originates from cyanobacteria produced by water eutrophication. The MC-LR has deleterious effects on the aquatic lives and agriculture, and this highly toxic chemical could severely endanger human health when the polluted food was intaken. Therefore, the monitoring of MC-LR is of vital importance in the fields including environment, food, and public health. Utilizing the complementary base pairing between DNA molecules, DNA nanotechnology can realize the programmable and predictable regulation of DNA molecules. In analytical applications, DNA nanotechnology can be used to detect targets via target-induced conformation change and the nano-assemblies of nucleic acids. Compared with the conventional analytical technologies, DNA nanotechnology has the advantages of sensitive, versatile, and high potential in real-time and on-site applications. According to the molecular basis for recognizing MC-LR, the strategies of applying DNA nanotechnology in the MC-LR monitoring are divided into two categories in this review: DNA as a recognition element and DNA-assisted signal processing. This paper introduces state-of-the-art analytical methods for the detection of MC-LR based on DNA nanotechnology and provides critical perspectives on the challenges and development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiying Suo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siying Xie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Interannual and Spatial Variability of Cyanotoxins in the Prespa Lake Area, Greece. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Prespa Lakes area in Greece—comprised partly of lake Great and lake Lesser Prespa and the Vromolimni pond—has a global importance for biodiversity. Although the waters show regular cyanobacteria blooms, assessments of water quality threats are limited. Samples collected in 2012 revealed scattered and low microcystin (MC) concentrations in Great Prespa (<0.2 μg MC L−1) whereas considerable spatial heterogeneity in both total chlorophyll (2.4–93 µg L−1) and MC concentrations (0.04–52.4 µg MC L−1) was detected in Lesser Prespa. In 2013, there was far less spatial variability of MC concentrations in Lesser Prespa (0.4–1.53 µg L−1), however in 2014, increased concentrations were detected near the lakeshore (25–861 µg MC L−1). In Vromolimni pond the MC concentrations were on average 26.6 (±6.4) µg MC L−1 in 2012, 2.1 (±0.3) µg MC L−1 in 2013 and 12.7 (±12.5) µg MC L−1 in 2014. In 2013, no anatoxins, saxitoxins, nor cylindrospermopsins were detected in Lesser Prespa and Vromolimni waters. Tissue samples from carps, an otter and Dalmatian Pelicans contained 0.4–1.9 µg MC g−1 dry weight. These results indicate that cyanotoxins could be a threat to the ecosystem functions of particularly Lesser Prespa and Vromolimni.
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Plaas HE, Paerl HW. Toxic Cyanobacteria: A Growing Threat to Water and Air Quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:44-64. [PMID: 33334098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) poses an increasing threat to public health. CyanoHABs are characterized by the production of toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Human exposure to cyanotoxins is challenging to forecast, and perhaps the least understood exposure route is via inhalation. While the aerosolization of toxins from marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) has been well documented, the aerosolization of cyanotoxins in freshwater systems remains understudied. In recent years, spray aerosol (SA) produced in the airshed of the Laurentian Great Lakes (United States and Canada) has been characterized, suggesting that freshwater systems may impact atmospheric aerosol loading more than previously understood. Therefore, further investigation regarding the impact of CyanoHABs on human respiratory health is warranted. This review examines current research on the incorporation of cyanobacterial cells and cyanotoxins into SA of aquatic ecosystems which experience HABs. We present an overview of cyanotoxin fate in the environment, biological incorporation into SA, existing data on cyanotoxins in SA, relevant collection methods, and adverse health outcomes associated with cyanotoxin inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Plaas
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States
| | - Hans W Paerl
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States
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Pan C, Zhang L, Meng X, Qin H, Xiang Z, Gong W, Luo W, Li D, Han X. Chronic exposure to microcystin-LR increases the risk of prostate cancer and induces malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128295. [PMID: 33297237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins-LR (MC-LR) acts as a possible carcinogen for humans and causes a serious risk to public environmental health. The current study aimed to evaluate the interaction between MC-LR exposure and prostate cancer development and elucidate the underlying mechanism. In this study, mice were exposed to MC-LR at various doses for 180 days. MC-LR was able to induce the progression of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and microinvasion. Furthermore, MC-LR notably increased angiogenesis and susceptibility to prostate cancer in vivo. In vitro, over 25 weeks of MC-LR exposure, normal human prostate epithelial (RWPE-1) cells increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and colony formation, features typical for cancer cells. These MC-LR-transformed prostate epithelial cells displayed increased expression of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); abrogation of FOXM1 or COX-2 activity by specific inhibitors could abolish the invasion and migration of MC-LR-treated cells. In conclusion, we have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the induction of a malignant phenotype in human prostate epithelial cells and the in vivo development of prostate cancer by exposure to MC-LR, which might be a potential tumor promoter in the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiannan Meng
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haixiang Qin
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyue Gong
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Lovin LM, Kim S, Taylor RB, Scarlett KR, Langan LM, Chambliss CK, Chatterjee S, Scott JT, Brooks BW. Differential influences of (±) anatoxin-a on photolocomotor behavior and gene transcription in larval zebrafish and fathead minnows. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2021; 33:40. [PMID: 34367861 PMCID: PMC8345817 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though anatoxin-a (antx-a) is a globally important cyanobacterial neurotoxin in inland waters, information on sublethal toxicological responses of aquatic organisms is limited. We examined influences of (±) antx-a (11-3490 μg/L) on photolocomotor behavioral responses and gene transcription associated with neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity, in two of the most common alternative vertebrate and fish models, Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow). We selected environmentally relevant treatment levels from probabilistic exposure distributions, employed standardized experimental designs, and analytically verified treatment levels using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Caffeine was examined as a positive control. RESULTS Caffeine influences on fish behavior responses were similar to previous studies. Following exposure to (±) antx-a, no significant photolocomotor effects were observed during light and dark transitions for either species. Though zebrafish behavioral responses profiles were not significantly affected by (±) antx-a at the environmentally relevant treatment levels examined, fathead minnow stimulatory behavior was significantly reduced in the 145-1960 μg/L treatment levels. In addition, no significant changes in transcription of target genes were observed in zebrafish; however, elavl3 and sod1 were upregulated and gst and cyp3a126 were significantly downregulated in fathead minnows. CONCLUSION We observed differential influences of (±) antx-a on swimming behavior and gene transcription in two of the most common larval fish models employed for prospective and retrospective assessment of environmental contaminants and water quality conditions. Sublethal responses of fathead minnows were consistently more sensitive than zebrafish to this neurotoxin at the environmentally relevant concentrations examined. Future studies are needed to understand such interspecies differences, the enantioselective toxicity of this compound, molecular initiation events within adverse outcome pathways, and subsequent individual and population risks for this emerging water quality threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M. Lovin
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | | | | | - Laura M. Langan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | | | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - J. Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ortiz D, Palmer J, Wilkinson G. Detecting changes in statistical indicators of resilience prior to algal blooms in shallow eutrophic lakes. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Ortiz
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University 2200 Osborn Dr. Bessey Hall Ames Iowa50010USA
| | - Jason Palmer
- Iowa Department of Natural Resources 502 East 9th Street Des Moines Iowa50319USA
| | - Grace Wilkinson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University 2200 Osborn Dr. Bessey Hall Ames Iowa50010USA
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Ostrovsky I, Wu S, Li L, Song L. Bloom-forming toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis: Quantification and monitoring with a high-frequency echosounder. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116091. [PMID: 32623244 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose a serious environmental threat to freshwater lakes and reservoirs. Investigating the dynamics of toxic bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus Microcystis is a challenging task due to its huge spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The hydroacoustic technology allows for rapid scanning of the water column synoptically and has a significant potential for rapid, non-invasive in situ quantification of aquatic organisms. The aim of this work is to develop a reliable cost-effective method for the accurate quantification of the biomass (B) of gas-bearing cyanobacterium Microcystis in water bodies using a high-frequency scientific echosounder. First, we showed that gas-bearing Microcystis colonies are much stronger backscatterers than gas-free phytoplanktonic algae. Then, in the tank experiments, we found a strong logarithmic relationship between the volume backscattering coefficient (sv) and Microcystis B proxies, such as Microcystis-bound chlorophyll a (Chl aMicro) and particle volume concentration. The sv/B ratio remained unchanged over a wide range of B concentrations when the same source of Microcystis material was used. Our measurements in Lake Dianchi (China) also revealed strong logarithmic relationship between sv and Chl aMicro. The biomass-calibrated echosounder was used to study the diurnal variability of Microcystis B in the lake. We found a sharp increase in the cyanobacterium B and sv/Chl aMicro ratio near the water surface during the daytime and more uniform distribution of these parameters during the nighttime. We argue that the variations in B and sv/Chl aMicro ratio could be associated with temporal changes in thermal stratification and turbulent mixing. Our data suggest that the sv/Chl aMicro ratio positively correlates with (i) the percentage of larger colonies in population and/or (ii) the content of free gas in cells. The last properties allow Microcystis colonies to attain rapid floating, which enables them to concentrate at the water surface at conducive ambient conditions. The sv/Chl aMicro ratio can be a new important variable reflecting the ability of Microcystis colonies to migrate vertically. Monitoring of this ratio may help to determine the early warning threshold for Microcystis scum formation. The proposed acoustic technology for in situ quantification of Microcystis biomass can be a powerful tool for accurate monitoring and assessment of this cyanobacterium at high spatiotemporal resolution in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Ostrovsky
- The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | - Sha Wu
- The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel; Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Lirong Song
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Exploring How Cyanobacterial Traits Affect Nutrient Loading Thresholds in Shallow Lakes: A Modelling Approach. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, many shallow lakes have shifted from a clear macrophyte-dominated state to a turbid phytoplankton-dominated state due to eutrophication. Such shifts are often accompanied by toxic cyanobacterial blooms, with specialized traits including buoyancy regulation and nitrogen fixation. Previous work has focused on how these traits contribute to cyanobacterial competitiveness. Yet, little is known on how these traits affect the value of nutrient loading thresholds of shallow lakes. These thresholds are defined as the nutrient loading at which lakes shift water quality state. Here, we used a modelling approach to estimate the effects of traits on nutrient loading thresholds. We incorporated cyanobacterial traits in the process-based ecosystem model PCLake+, known for its ability to determine nutrient loading thresholds. Four scenarios were simulated, including cyanobacteria without traits, with buoyancy regulation, with nitrogen fixation, and with both traits. Nutrient loading thresholds were obtained under N-limited, P-limited, and colimited conditions. Results show that cyanobacterial traits can impede lake restoration actions aimed at removing cyanobacterial blooms via nutrient loading reduction. However, these traits hardly affect the nutrient loading thresholds for clear lakes experiencing eutrophication. Our results provide references for nutrient loading thresholds and draw attention to cyanobacterial traits during the remediation of eutrophic water bodies.
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Drobac Backović D, Tokodi N, Nikolin B, Svirčev Z. Cyanobacteria - insidious foe of the skin? JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:314-330. [PMID: 32589618 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic microorganisms that shaped today's atmosphere. Anthropocentric and irresponsible activities are changing the atmosphere which favor the frequent occurrence and mass development of cyanobacteria. Extensive cyanobacterial blooming causes numerous problems, including negative effects on human skin. Climate change, depletion of ozone layer, and the increased ultraviolet radiation also affect the skin and lead to more frequent occurrence of skin cancer. This research, for the first time, attempts to establish a connection between these two factors, or whether, in addition to ultraviolet radiation, cyanobacteria can influence the incidence of melanoma. With this objective in mind, an epidemiological investigation was conducted in Vojvodina, Serbia. It was observed that the incidence of melanoma was higher in municipalities where water bodies used for recreation, irrigation and fishing are blooming; however, results could be considered as inconclusive, because of the restrictions in the cancer database. Nevertheless, results gathered from the reviewed literature support the hypothesis that cyanobacteria could be a new potential risk factor for melanoma, while climate change could be a catalyst that converts these potential risk factors into cofactors, which act synergistically with the main risk factor - ultraviolet radiation - and induce an increase of melanoma incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Drobac Backović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia E-mail:
| | - Nada Tokodi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia E-mail:
| | - Borislava Nikolin
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Institutski put 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia E-mail: ; Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Ye J, Huang C, Shang A, Xu C, Wu L. Characteristics of toxin production and release in Microcystis aeruginosa exposed to three tetracycline antibiotics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16798-16805. [PMID: 32141004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of antibiotics is remarkable globally. However, antibiotic residues in aquatic ecosystems can pose adverse effects on nontarget plants and animals. In the present study, the cell growth properties and the production and release of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR in cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa after exposure to three typical antibiotics were investigated. Results showed that the order of the degree of chronic toxicities of the three chemicals was oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) > tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) > chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC). The target antibiotics interfered with the production and release of the toxins microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR to varying degrees. TC simultaneously increased MC-LR intracellular and extracellular concentrations and interfered with MC-RR intracellular and extracellular concentrations to varying degrees. CTC reduced MC-LR intracellular concentrations and simultaneously reduced the MC-RR intracellular and extracellular concentrations. OTC increased the MC-LR intracellular and extracellular concentrations but did not have an effect on MC-RR concentrations. The extracellular MC-LR concentrations increased dramatically from day 24 to 27 when the cells were saturated, while most MC-RRs stayed within the cells. MC-LR can easily enter the surrounding water body and pose a threat when the water blooms occurred. Our results may help illustrate the influence of tetracycline antibiotics on the production and release of toxin in M. aeruginosa. It is important for environmental protection and evaluation. The results may as well guide the use of antibiotics in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Aihua Shang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Coffer MM, Schaeffer BA, Darling JA, Urquhart EA, Salls WB. Quantifying national and regional cyanobacterial occurrence in US lakes using satellite remote sensing. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2020; 111:105976. [PMID: 34326705 PMCID: PMC8318153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are the most common form of harmful algal blooms in freshwater systems throughout the world. However, in situ sampling of cyanobacteria in inland lakes is limited both spatially and temporally. Satellite data has proven to be an effective tool to monitor cyanobacteria in freshwater lakes across the United States. This study uses data from the European Space Agency Envisat MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and the Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument to provide a national overview of the percentage of lakes experiencing a cyanobacterial bloom on a weekly basis for 2008-2011, 2017, and 2018. A total of 2321 lakes across the contiguous United States were included in the analysis. We examined four different thresholds to define when a waterbody is classified as experiencing a bloom. Across these four thresholds, we explored variability in bloom percentage with changes in seasonality and lake size. As a validation of algorithm performance, we analyzed the agreement between satellite observations and previously established ecological patterns, although data availability in the wintertime limited these comparisons on a year-round basis. Changes in cyanobacterial bloom percentage at the national scale followed the well-known temporal pattern of freshwater blooms. The percentage of lakes experiencing a bloom increased throughout the year, reached a maximum in fall, and decreased through the winter. Wintertime data, particularly in northern regions, were consistently limited due to snow and ice cover. With the exception of the Southeast and South, regional patterns mimicked patterns found at the national scale. The Southeast and South exhibited an unexpected pattern as cyanobacterial bloom percentage reached a maximum in the winter rather than the summer. Lake Jesup in Florida was used as a case study to validate this observed pattern against field observations of chlorophyll a. Results from this research establish a baseline of annual occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in inland lakes across the United States. In addition, methods presented in this study can be tailored to fit the specific requirements of an individual system or region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Coffer
- ORISE Fellow, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, USA
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Blake A. Schaeffer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, USA
| | - John A. Darling
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Erin A. Urquhart
- ORISE Fellow, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Wilson B. Salls
- ORISE Fellow, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, USA
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Bogard MJ, Vogt RJ, Hayes NM, Leavitt PR. Unabated Nitrogen Pollution Favors Growth of Toxic Cyanobacteria over Chlorophytes in Most Hypereutrophic Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3219-3227. [PMID: 32077281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human release of reactive nitrogen (N) to the environment has increased 10-fold since 1860 and is expected to increase by a further ∼75% by 2050. Much of this N enters phosphorus (P)-rich, eutrophic lakes in agricultural and urbanized watersheds. While N pollution of eutrophic lakes can promote toxic cyanobacterial growth, some cases of extreme N loading have led to the dominance of chlorophytes (green algae). As N loads required to shift communities from cyanobacterial to chlorophyte dominance are unclear, we experimentally tested phytoplankton responses to a gradient of N loading in a P-rich lake. Low-to-moderate doses (1-3 mg N L-1 week-1) promoted toxic cyanobacterial dominance and elevated concentrations of the hepatotoxin microcystin. Conversely, loads characteristic of pure urban or agricultural effluents (up to 18 mg N L-1 week-1) led to the dominance of chlorophytes over cyanobacteria and lower microcystin content. This indicates that N loads needed to sustain chlorophyte dominance are uncommon, likely restricted to select shallow lakes directly exposed to urban or agricultural effluents. As most N pollution regimes in P-rich lakes will favor toxic cyanobacterial dominance, restricting future N pollution will help curb further cyanobacterial dominance in lakes both directly and by constraining the capacity for future P loading and climate warming to drive cyanobacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Bogard
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Richard J Vogt
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Nicole M Hayes
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Peter R Leavitt
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Antrim BT9 5DL, U.K
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Zaki S, Merican F, Muangmai N, Convey P, Broady P. Discovery of microcystin-producing Anagnostidinema pseudacutissimum from cryopreserved Antarctic cyanobacterial mats. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 93:101800. [PMID: 32307064 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria and have been well-documented in temperate and tropical regions. However, knowledge of the production of MCs in extremely cold environments is still in its infancy. Recently, examination of 100-year-old Antarctic cyanobacterial mats collected from Ross Island and the McMurdo Ice Shelf during Captain R.F. Scott's Discovery Expedition revealed that the presence of MCs in Antarctica is not a new phenomenon. Here, morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses are used to identify a new microcystin-producing freshwater cyanobacterium, Anagnostidinema pseudacutissimum. The strain was isolated from a deep-frozen (-15 °C) sample collected from a red-brown cyanobacterial mat in a frozen pond at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, continental Antarctica) in 1984-1985. Amplification of the mcyE gene fragment involved in microcystin biosynthesis from A. pseudacutissimum confirmed that it is identical to the sequence from other known microcystin-producing cyanobacteria. Analysis of extracts from this A. pseudacutissimum strain by HPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of MC-LR and -YR at concentrations of 0.60 μg/L and MC-RR at concentrations of 0.20 μg/L. This is the first report of microcystin production from a species of Anagnostidinema from Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syazana Zaki
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Faradina Merican
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Narongrit Muangmai
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Broady
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Perez JL, Chu T. Effect of Zinc on Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385 and Its Toxin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020092. [PMID: 32019107 PMCID: PMC7076789 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are primarily caused by man-made eutrophication and increasing climate-change conditions. The presence of heavy metal runoff in affected water systems may result in CHABs alteration to their ecological interactions. Certain CHABs produce by-products, such as microcystin (MC) cyanotoxins, that have detrimentally affected humans through contact via recreation activities within implicated water bodies, directly drinking contaminated water, ingesting biomagnified cyanotoxins in seafood, and/or contact through miscellaneous water treatment. Metallothionein (MT) is a small, metal-sequestration cysteine rich protein often upregulated within the stress response mechanism. This study focused on zinc metal resistance and stress response in a toxigenic cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385, by monitoring cells with (0, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L) ZnCl2 treatment. Flow cytometry and phase contrast microscopy were used to evaluate physiological responses in cultures. Molecular assays and an immunosorbent assay were used to characterize the expression of MT and MC under zinc stress. The results showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.25 mg/L ZnCl2. Flow cytometry and phase contrast microscopy showed morphological changes occurred in cultures exposed to 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L ZnCl2. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of selected cDNA samples showed significant upregulation of Mmt through all time points, significant upregulation of mcyC at a later time point. ELISA MC-LR analysis showed extracellular MC-LR (µg/L) and intracellular MC-LR (µg/cell) quota measurements persisted through 15 days, although 0.25 mg/L ZnCl2 treatment produced half the normal cell biomass and 0.5 mg/L treatment largely inhibited growth. The 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L ZnCl2 treated cells demonstrated a ~40% and 33% increase of extracellular MC-LR(µg/L) equivalents, respectively, as early as Day 5 compared to control cells. The 0.5 mg/L ZnCl2 treated cells showed higher total MC-LR (µg/cell) quota yield by Day 8 than both 0 mg/L ZnCl2 control cells and 0.1 mg/L ZnCl2 treated cells, indicating release of MCs upon cell lysis. This study showed this Microcystis aeruginosa strain is able to survive in 0.25 mg/L ZnCl2 concentration. Certain morphological zinc stress responses and the upregulation of mt and mcy genes, as well as periodical increased extracellular MC-LR concentration with ZnCl2 treatment were observed.
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Larsen ML, Baulch HM, Schiff SL, Simon DF, Sauvé S, Venkiteswaran JJ. Extreme rainfall drives early onset cyanobacterial bloom. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of cyanobacteria-dominated harmful algal blooms is strongly associated with nutrient loading and changing climatic patterns. Changes to precipitation frequency and intensity, as predicted by current climate models, are likely to affect bloom development and composition through changes in nutrient fluxes and water column mixing. However, few studies have directly documented the effects of extreme precipitation events on cyanobacterial composition, biomass, and toxin production. We tracked changes in a eutrophic reservoir following an extreme precipitation event, describing an atypically early toxin-producing cyanobacterial bloom and successional progression of the phytoplankton community, toxins, and geochemistry. An increase in bioavailable phosphorus by more than 27-fold in surface waters preceded notable increases in Aphanizomenon flos-aquae throughout the reservoir approximately 2 weeks postevent and ∼5 weeks before blooms typically occur. Anabaenopeptin-A and three microcystin congeners (microcystin-LR, -YR, and -RR) were detected at varying levels across sites during the bloom period, which lasted between 3 and 5 weeks. These findings suggest extreme rainfall can trigger early cyanobacterial bloom initiation, effectively elongating the bloom season period of potential toxicity. However, effects will vary depending on factors including the timing of rainfall and reservoir physical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Larsen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Helen M. Baulch
- School of Environment and Sustainability, Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Sherry L. Schiff
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dana F. Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Jason J. Venkiteswaran
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
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Behets GJ, Mubiana KV, Lamberts L, Finsterle K, Traill N, Blust R, D'Haese PC. Use of lanthanum for water treatment A matter of concern? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124780. [PMID: 31726528 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among several other eutrophication management tools, Phoslock®, a lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) clay, is now frequently used. Concerns have been raised as to whether exposure to Phoslock®-treated water may lead to lanthanum accumulation/toxicity in both animals and humans. In the present experimental study, rats were administered lanthanum orally as either lanthanum carbonate, lanthanum chloride or Phoslock® at doses of either 0.5 or 17 mg/L during 10 weeks. Controls received vehicle. The gastrointestinal absorption and tissue distribution of lanthanum was investigated. Extremely strict measures were implemented to avoid cross-contamination between different tissues or animals. Results showed no differences in gastrointestinal absorption between the different compounds under study as reflected by the serum lanthanum levels and concentrations found in the brain, bone, heart, spleen, lung, kidney and testes. At sacrifice, significant but equally increased lanthanum concentrations versus vehicle were observed in the liver for the highest dose of each compound which however, remained several orders of magnitude below the liver lanthanum concentration previously measured after long-term therapeutic administration of lanthanum carbonate and for which no hepatotoxicity was noticed in humans. In conclusion, (i) the use of LMB does not pose a toxicity risk (ii) gastrointestinal absorption of lanthanum is minimal and independent on the type of the compound, (iii) with exception of the liver, no significant increase in lanthanum levels is observed in the various organs under study, (iv) based on previous studies, the slightly increased liver lanthanum levels observed in a worst case scenario do not hold any risk of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert J Behets
- Laboratory of Pahophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kayawe Valentine Mubiana
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Lamberts
- Laboratory of Pahophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Nigel Traill
- Phoslock® Environmental Technologies Ltd, Australia
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pahophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
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Protected Freshwater Ecosystem with Incessant Cyanobacterial Blooming Awaiting a Resolution. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
For 50 years persistent cyanobacterial blooms have been observed in Lake Ludoš (Serbia), a wetland area of international significance listed as a Ramsar site. Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins can affect many organisms, including valuable flora and fauna, such as rare and endangered bird species living or visiting the lake. The aim was to carry out monitoring, estimate the current status of the lake, and discuss potential resolutions. Results obtained showed: (a) the poor chemical state of the lake; (b) the presence of potentially toxic (genera Dolichospermum, Microcystis, Planktothrix, Chroococcus, Oscillatoria, Woronichinia and dominant species Limnothrix redekei and Pseudanabaena limnetica) and invasive cyanobacterial species Raphidiopsis raciborskii; (c) the detection of microcystin (MC) and saxitoxin (STX) coding genes in biomass samples; (d) the detection of several microcystin variants (MC-LR, MC-dmLR, MC-RR, MC-dmRR, MC-LF) in water samples; (e) histopathological alterations in fish liver, kidney and gills. The potential health risk to all organisms in the ecosystem and the ecosystem itself is thus still real and present. Although there is still no resolution in sight, urgent remediation measures are needed to alleviate the incessant cyanobacterial problem in Lake Ludoš to break this ecosystem out of the perpetual state of limbo in which it has been trapped for quite some time.
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Zheng S, Wen C, Yang S, Yang Y, Yang F. Circular RNA expression profiles following MC-LR treatment in human normal liver cell line (HL7702) cells using high-throughput sequencing analysis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1103-1112. [PMID: 31825292 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1698120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a frequently occurring hepatotoxic cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacterial blooms, poses a great threat to human health. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying MC-LR-induced hepatotoxicity remain to be determined. Recent investigators found that in many human diseases circular RNAs (circRNAs) a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs played critical roles in disease outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether circRNAs were involved in MC-LR-mediated hepatotoxicity using human normal liver cell line (HL7702). Using high-throughput sequencing analysis data demonstrated that expression levels of 3250, 3111, 3097, 3253 circRNAs were significantly altered at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 µM MC-LR. Expression levels of hsa_circRNA_0000657 and hsa_circRNA_0000659 were down-regulated while hsa_circRNA_0003247 and hsa_circRNA_0001535 were up-regulated in all MC-LR-exposed groups. The high-throughput sequencing results of selected circRNAs differential expression genes (DEGs) levels were verified by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the functions of circRNAs significantly altered in HL7702 cells were predominantly associated with metabolism, systems development, and protein binding. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis data revealed that the target genes of differentially expressed circRNAs in HL7702 cells were involved in FoxO signaling pathway, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Ras signaling pathway, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and pathways in cancer. In summary, evidence indicates that a correlation may exist between circRNAs and MC-LR-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Wen C, Zheng S, Yang Y, Li X, Chen J, Wang X, Feng X, Yang F. Effects of microcystins-LR on genotoxic responses in human intestinal epithelial cells (NCM460). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1113-1119. [PMID: 31818208 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1698498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a cyclic heptapeptide toxin produced by cyanobacteria, was found to induce genotoxic actions in various types of cells. Some investigators reported that microcystin-LR acted as tumor initiator in the observed genotoxic action mediated by this cyanotoxin. However, the underlying mechanisms underlying MC-induced DNA damage in the human intestine epithelium cell line (NCM460) are not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of 24 hr exposure to 5 or 10 µM MC-LR on intestinal DNA damage using NCM460 intestine cell line as a model. Data showed that MC-LR increased Olive tail moment (OTM) as evidenced by the comet assay, inhibited protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, elevated reactive oxygen species levels (ROS) and enhanced γ-H2AX and p-p53 protein expression levels. Results indicated that MC-LR produced intestinal DNA damage by inhibiting PP2A activity, activating p53 protein and subsequently initiating excess generation of ROS. These observations suggest that MC-LR-induced intestinal DNA damage involves a complex series of events that include oxidant stress, PP2A enzymic inhibition and activation of p53 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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49
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Yang Y, Wen C, Zheng S, Liu W, Chen J, Feng X, Wang X, Yang F, Ding Z. Influence of microcystins-LR (MC-LR) on autophagy in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1129-1136. [PMID: 31818223 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1699732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) variant exposure poses a potential health hazard to ecosystem, animals, and humans. Previously investigators showed that autophagy plays a key role in MC-LR induced cytotoxicity immortalized murine ovarian granular KK-1 cells and rat Sertoli cells. Recently exposure to MC-LR via drinking water was reported to accumulate in mouse brain with associated adverse oxidant and inflammatory responses. However, autophagy the physiological mechanism required for cells to degrade their own impaired organelles to maintain their homeostasis has not been determined with respect to MC-LR actions on the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of MC-LR on autophagy using human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells as CNS model. Data demonstrated that after treatment with 15 or 30 µmol/L MC-LR for 48 hr significantly reduced survival rate was noted in SK-N-SH cells. MC-LR increased the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins light chain 3 (LC3) II/I and p62 in SK-N-SH cells, resulting in the accumulation of LC3 and increased intracellular free calcium ion levels. Data indicated that MC-LR induced adverse effects on the CNS as evidenced by decreased cellular survival associated with inhibition of autophagy flux and consequent enhanced autophagosomes accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenya Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
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50
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Huang F, Feng H, Li X, Yi X, Guo J, Clara T, Yang F. Anaerobic degradation of microcystin-LR by an indigenous bacterial Enterobacter sp. YF3. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1120-1128. [PMID: 31818227 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1699345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a known hepatotoxin present in drinking water, and contaminated food and algal dietary supplements poses a threat to environmental and public health and thus needs to be removed. Previously microbial aerobic degradation was considered the predominant catabolic process for MC-LR inactivation, but the potential role of anaerobic microbes still needs to be determined. In our study an anaerobic MC-degrading bacterium Enterobacter sp. YF3 was isolated and identified that was capable of degrading MC-LR. Under optimal conditions the anaerobic Enterobacter sp. YF3 displayed a MC-degrading rate of 0.34 µg/ml/day. This process was dependent on temperature, pH and MC-LR concentration. Further the extracellular secretion of metabolites of anaerobic bacterium degraded MC-LR at 0.22 µg/ml/day. The parent MC-LR as well as two MC-degrading products was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anaerobic MC-degrading Enterobacter sp. bacterium metabolized MC-LR independent of MC-degrading genes mlrABCD. Data indicate that anaerobic Enterobacter sp. YF3 produces MC-degrading products via a pathway that acts independently of mlrABCD genes which may add to the arsenal of bacteria to degrade microcystins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiping Yi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tezi Clara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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