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Ahmad D, Ying Y, Bao J. Understanding starch biosynthesis in potatoes for metabolic engineering to improve starch quality: A detailed review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 346:122592. [PMID: 39245484 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Potato tubers accumulate substantial quantities of starch, which serves as their primary energy reserve. As the predominant component of potato tubers, starch strongly influences tuber yield, processing quality, and nutritional attributes. Potato starch is distinguished from other food starches by its unique granule morphology and compositional attributes. It possesses large, oval granules with amylose content ranging from 20 to 33 % and high phosphorus levels, which collectively determine the unique physicochemical characteristics. These physicochemical properties direct the utility of potato starch across diverse food and industrial applications. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular factors controlling potato starch biosynthesis and structure-function relationships. Key topics covered are starch granule morphology, the roles and regulation of major biosynthetic enzymes, transcriptional and hormonal control, genetic engineering strategies, and opportunities to tailor starch functionality. Elucidating the contributions of different enzymes in starch biosynthesis has enabled targeted modification of potato starch composition and properties. However, realizing the full potential of this knowledge faces challenges in optimizing starch quality without compromising plant vigor and yield. Overall, integrating multi-omics datasets with advanced genetic and metabolic engineering tools can facilitate the development of elite cultivars with enhanced starch yield and tailored functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daraz Ahmad
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yining Ying
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China.
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2
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Li J, Hu Y, Hu J, Xie Q, Chen X, Qi X. Sucrose synthase: An enzyme with multiple roles in plant physiology. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 303:154352. [PMID: 39332324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SuS) is a key enzyme in the regulation of sucrose metabolism in plants and participates in the reversible reaction of sucrose conversion to uridine diphosphate-glucose and fructose. It plays an important role in promoting taproot development, starch synthesis, cellulose synthesis, improving plant nitrogen fixation capacity, sugar metabolism, and fruit and seed development. Recent studies have shown that SuS responds to abiotic stresses such as drought stress, cold stress and waterlogging stress, especially in waterlogging stress. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the basic properties, physiological functions, and signal transduction pathways of SuS, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for its further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Xie
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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3
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Qu L, Huang X, Su X, Zhu G, Zheng L, Lin J, Wang J, Xue H. Potato: from functional genomics to genetic improvement. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:34. [PMID: 39160633 PMCID: PMC11331666 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Potato is the most widely grown non-grain crop and ranks as the third most significant global food crop following rice and wheat. Despite its long history of cultivation over vast areas, slow breeding progress and environmental stress have led to a scarcity of high-yielding potato varieties. Enhancing the quality and yield of potato tubers remains the ultimate objective of potato breeding. However, conventional breeding has faced challenges due to tetrasomic inheritance, high genomic heterozygosity, and inbreeding depression. Recent advancements in molecular biology and functional genomic studies of potato have provided valuable insights into the regulatory network of physiological processes and facilitated trait improvement. In this review, we present a summary of identified factors and genes governing potato growth and development, along with progress in potato genomics and the adoption of new breeding technologies for improvement. Additionally, we explore the opportunities and challenges in potato improvement, offering insights into future avenues for potato research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xueqing Huang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Su
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingli Zheng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongwei Xue
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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4
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Zinta R, Tiwari JK, Buckseth T, Goutam U, Singh RK, Thakur AK, Singh S, Kumar V, Kumar M. Phenotypic and transcriptomics characterization uncovers genes underlying tuber yield traits and gene expression marker development in potato under aeroponics. PLANTA 2024; 260:74. [PMID: 39153022 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Transcriptome analysis in potato varieties revealed genes associated with tuber yield-related traits and developed gene expression markers. This study aimed to identify genes involved in high tuber yield and its component traits in test potato varieties (Kufri Frysona, Kufri Khyati, and Kufri Mohan) compared to control (Kufri Sutlej). The aeroponic evaluation showed significant differences in yield-related traits in the varieties. Total RNA sequencing was performed using tuber and leaf tissues on the Illumina platform. The high-quality reads (QV > 25) mapping with the reference potato genomes revealed statistically significant (P < 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) into two categories: up-regulated (> 2 Log2 fold change) and down-regulated (< -2 Log2 fold change). DEGs were characterized by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Collectively, we identified genes participating in sugar metabolism, stress response, transcription factors, phytohormones, kinase proteins, and other genes greatly affecting tuber yield and its related traits. A few selected genes were UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase, glutathion S-transferase, GDSL esterase/lipase, transcription factors (MYB, WRKY, bHLH63, and BURP), phytohormones (auxin-induced protein X10A, and GA20 oxidase), kinase proteins (Kunitz-type tuber invertase inhibitor, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1) and laccase. Based on the selected 17 peptide sequences representing 13 genes, a phylogeny tree and motifs were analyzed. Real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis was used to validate the RNA-seq results. RT-qPCR based gene expression markers were developed for the genes such as 101 kDa heat shock protein, catechol oxidase B chloroplastic, cysteine protease inhibitor 1, Kunitz-type tuber invertase inhibitor, and laccase to identify high yielding potato genotypes. Thus, our study paved the path for potential genes associated with tuber yield traits in potato under aeroponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasna Zinta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jagesh Kumar Tiwari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Tanuja Buckseth
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Umesh Goutam
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Thakur
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shwetank Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Zhong Y, Chen Y, Pan M, Li X, Hebelstrup K, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Cao W, Jiang D. Transport and spatio-temporal conversion of sugar facilitate the formation of spatial gradients of starch in wheat caryopses. Commun Biol 2024; 7:928. [PMID: 39090206 PMCID: PMC11294588 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat grain starch content displays large variations within different pearling fractions, which affecting the processing quality of corresponding flour, while the underlying mechanism on starch gradient formation is unclear. Here, we show that wheat caryopses acquire sugar through the transfer of cells (TCs), inner endosperm (IE), outer endosperm (OE), and finally aleurone (AL) via micro positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). To obtain integrated information on spatial transcript distributions, developing caryopses are laser microdissected into AL, OE, IE, and TC. Most genes encoding carbohydrate transporters are upregulated or specifically expressed, and sugar metabolites are more highly enriched in the TC group than in the AL group, in line with the PET-CT results. Genes encoding enzymes in sucrose metabolism, such as sucrose synthase, beta-fructofuranosidase, glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase show significantly lower expression in AL than in OE and IE, indicating that substrate supply is crucial for the formation of starch gradients. Furthermore, the low expressions of gene encoding starch synthase contribute to low starch content in AL. Our results imply that transcriptional regulation represents an important means of impacting starch distribution in wheat grains and suggests breeding targets for enhancing specially pearled wheat with higher quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhong
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingsheng Pan
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kim Hebelstrup
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jian Cai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qin Zhou
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Weixing Cao
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.
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6
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Bao R, Zeng C, Li K, Li M, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang H, Wang Y, Huang D, Wang W, Chen X. MeGT2.6 increases cellulose synthesis and active gibberellin content to promote cell enlargement in cassava. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1014-1029. [PMID: 38805573 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Cassava, a pivotal tropical crop, exhibits rapid growth and possesses a substantial biomass. Its stem is rich in cellulose and serves as a crucial carbohydrate storage organ. The height and strength of stems restrict the mechanised operation and propagation of cassava. In this study, the triple helix transcription factor MeGT2.6 was identified through yeast one-hybrid assay using MeCesA1pro as bait, which is critical for cellulose synthesis. Over-expression and loss-of-function lines were generated, and results revealed that MeGT2.6 could promote a significant increase in the plant height, stem diameter, cell size and thickness of SCW of cassava plant. Specifically, MeGT2.6 upregulated the transcription activity of MeGA20ox1 and downregulated the expression level of MeGA2ox1, thereby enhancing the content of active GA3, resulting in a large cell size, high plant height and long stem diameter in cassava. Moreover, MeGT2.6 upregulated the transcription activity of MeCesA1, which promoted the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose and produced a thick secondary cell wall. Finally, MeGT2.6 could help supply additional substrates for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose by upregulating the invertase genes (MeNINV1/6). Thus, MeGT2.6 was found to be a multiple regulator; it was involved in GA metabolism and sucrose decomposition and the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Bao
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Changying Zeng
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xincheng Zhou
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Dongyi Huang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
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7
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Shafique Ahmad K, Shehzad MA, Javid H, Mehmood A, Akhtar G, Zafar S, Mahroof S, Mahmoud EA, Elansary HO, Ulfat A, Abid H. Transgenerational Seed Exposure to Elevated CO 2 Involves Stress Memory Regulation at Metabolic Levels to Confer Drought Resistance in Wheat. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20042-20055. [PMID: 38737051 PMCID: PMC11079883 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Drought is the worst environmental stress constraint that inflicts heavy losses to global food production, such as wheat. The metabolic responses of seeds produced overtransgenerational exposure to e[CO2] to recover drought's effects on wheat are still unexplored. Seeds were produced constantly for four generations (F1 to F4) under ambient CO2 (a[CO2], 400 μmol L-1) and elevated CO2 (e[CO2], 800 μmol L-1) concentrations, and then further regrown under natural CO2 conditions to investigate their effects on the stress memory metabolic processes liable for increasing drought resistance in the next generation (F5). At the anthesis stage, plants were subjected to normal (100% FC, field capacity) and drought stress (60% FC) conditions. Under drought stress, plants of transgenerational e[CO2] exposed seeds showed markedly increased superoxide dismutase (16%), catalase (24%), peroxidase (9%), total antioxidants (14%), and proline (35%) levels that helped the plants to sustain normal growth through scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (11%) and malondialdehyde (26%). The carbohydrate metabolic enzymes such as aldolase (36%), phosphoglucomutase (12%), UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (25%), vacuolar invertase (33%), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (68%), and cell wall invertase (17%) were decreased significantly; however, transgenerational seeds produced under e[CO2] showed a considerable increase in their activities in drought-stressed wheat plants. Moreover, transgenerational e[CO2] exposed seeds under drought stress caused a marked increase in leaf Ψw (15%), chlorophyll a (19%), chlorophyll b (8%), carotenoids (12%), grain spike (16%), hundred grain weight (19%), and grain yield (10%). Hence, transgenerational seeds exposed to e[CO2] upregulate the drought recovery metabolic processes to improve the grain yield of wheat under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Shehzad
- Institute
of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad
Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Hina Javid
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Mehmood
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Akhtar
- Department
of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef
University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department
of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Mahroof
- Institute
of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory
of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland
Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department
of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department
of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aneela Ulfat
- Department
of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University
Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu
and Kashmir 12080, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Abid
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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8
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Pallotti C, Renau-Morata B, Cardone L, Nebauer SG, Albiñana Palacios M, Rivas-Sendra A, Seguí-Simarro JM, Molina RV. Understanding the Saffron Corm Development-Insights into Histological and Metabolic Aspects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1125. [PMID: 38674534 PMCID: PMC11055066 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The reproduction of Crocus sativus L., a sterile triploid plant, is carried out exclusively through corms, whose size determines the saffron yield. The development of daughter corms (DC) is supported by photoassimilates supplied by the leaves as well as by the mother corms (MC). While biomass partitioning during DC development is well studied, growth dynamics in terms of cell number and size, the involved meristems, as well as carbohydrate partition and allocation, are not yet fully understood. We conducted a comprehensive study into saffron corm growth dynamics at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Variations in carbohydrate content and enzymatic activities related to sucrose metabolism in sources and sinks were measured. Two key meristems were identified. One is involved in vascular connections between DC and MC. The other is a thickening meristem responsible for DC enlargement. This research explains how the previously described phases of corm growth correlate with variations in cell division, enlargement dynamics, and carbohydrate partitioning among organs. Results also elucidated that the end of DC growth relates to a significant drop in MC root biomass, limiting the water supply for the DC growth, and establishing the onset of leaf wilting. The lack of starch accumulation in aged leaf cells is noteworthy, as is the accumulation of lipids. We hypothesize a signaling role of sugars in DC growth initiation, stop, and leaf aging. Finally, we established a predominant role of sucrose synthase as a sucrolytic enzyme in the maintenance of the high flux of carbon for starch synthesis in DC. Together, the obtained results pave the way for the definition of strategies leading to better control of saffron corm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pallotti
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.); (B.R.-M.); (S.G.N.)
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.P.); (A.R.-S.); (J.M.S.-S.)
| | - Begoña Renau-Morata
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.); (B.R.-M.); (S.G.N.)
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universitat de València, C/Doctor Moliner 50, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Loriana Cardone
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera, 20, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.); (B.R.-M.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Mireia Albiñana Palacios
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.P.); (A.R.-S.); (J.M.S.-S.)
| | - Alba Rivas-Sendra
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.P.); (A.R.-S.); (J.M.S.-S.)
| | - José M. Seguí-Simarro
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.P.); (A.R.-S.); (J.M.S.-S.)
| | - Rosa V. Molina
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.); (B.R.-M.); (S.G.N.)
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9
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Çelik S. Gene expression analysis of potato drought-responsive genes under drought stress in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17116. [PMID: 38525286 PMCID: PMC10960530 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an important field crop consumed extensively worldwide, is adversely affected by abiotic stress factors especially drought. Therefore, it is vital to understand the genetic mechanism under drought stress to decrease loose of yield and quality . This trial aimed to screen drought-responsive gene expressions of potato and determine the drought-tolerant potato cultivar. The trial pattern is a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with four replications under greenhouse conditions. Four cultivars (Brooke, Orwell, Vr808, Shc909) were irrigated with four different water regimes (control and three stress conditions), and the gene expression levels of 10 potato genes were investigated. The stress treatments as follows: Control = 100% field capacity; slight drought = 75% field capacity; moderate drought = 50% field capacity, and severe drought 25% field capacity. To understand the gene expression under drought stress in potato genotypes, RT-qPCR analysis was performed and results showed that the genes most associated with drought tolerance were the StRD22 gene, MYB domain transcription factor, StERD7, Sucrose Synthase (SuSy), ABC Transporter, and StDHN1. The StHSP100 gene had the lowest genetic expression in all cultivars. Among the cultivars, the Orwell exhibited the highest expression of the StRD22 gene under drought stress. Overall, the cultivar with the highest gene expression was the Vr808, closely followed by the Brooke cultivar. As a result, it was determined that potato cultivars Orwell, Vr808, and Brooke could be used as parents in breeding programs to develop drought tolerant potato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadettin Çelik
- Genç Vocational School, Forestry Department, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
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10
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Hu J, Duan Y, Hu J, Zhang S, Li G. Phylogenetic and Expression Analysis of the Sucrose Synthase and Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Gene Family in Potatoes. Metabolites 2024; 14:70. [PMID: 38276305 PMCID: PMC10820854 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SUS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) are essential in plant sucrose metabolism. The potato is an important crop worldwide, but systematic analyses of the StSUS and StSPS gene families in potatoes are still lacking. Ten sucrose metabolism-related genes were identified in this study. The SUSs and SPSs could each be split into three subgroups through phylogenetic analysis. StSUSIc was the most highly expressed gene in different developmental tissues. Ka/Ks analysis showed that StSUSIb and StSUSIc were subjected to more-significant homozygous selection pressure. Our cis-acting element analysis of the StSUS and StSPS promoter sequences showed four elements: defense- and stress-responsive, hormone-responsive, light-responsive, and transcription factor elements. The expression of StSUS and StSPS genes was found to be regulated by circadian rhythm. In the treatments of 1% to 5% sucrose, glucose, and fructose, the expression of StSUS and StSPS family genes was enhanced by sucrose, but inhibited at high-glucose and fructose concentrations. This study identified six StSUS and four StSPS genes and analyzed their gene structure, conserved motifs, chromosome position, promoter elements, phylogenetic tree, and tissue-specific expression patterns. Our results will motivate more research into the biological process underlying the genes of sucrose metabolism in potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanfeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinxue Hu
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050041, China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050041, China
| | - Guangcun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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11
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Rahnama H, Moradi AB, Moradi F, Noormohamadi N. Compositional and Morphological Analysis of Salt Stress Tolerant Mannitol-1-phosphate Dehydrogenase (mtlD)-Transgenic Potato Plants. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:670-675. [PMID: 37801204 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Undesired effects often occur in genetically modified (GM) plants, especially during metabolite engineering. Nevertheless, conducting a comparative study between GM and non-GM plants can identify the unintended alterations and facilitate the risk assessment of GM crops. This research compared the morphology and composition of a transgenic potato plant expressing mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtlD), with its non-transgenic counterpart. The results indicated significant differences in plant height, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, as well as tuber number and weight between the transgenic and non-transgenic plants. However, compositional analysis revealed no significant differences in soluble protein, starch, total sugar, fructose, fiber, and ascorbate contents between mtlD-GM and non-GM potatoes. Nevertheless, sucrose and glucose levels were found to be higher in the transgenic potato tubers and leaves, respectively, when compared to the non-transgenic plants. In addition to ammonium, potassium, chloride, nitrite, and nitrate levels, significant differences were observed in the amino acids asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, serine, and valine between the GM and non-GM plants. Apart from the target gene product, mannitol, all the changes in chemical compositions observed in the transgenic potato plants fell within the ranges of normal variability for potato plants. Moreover, despite some phenotypical differences between the mtlD-GM potato and its non-GM counterpart, it is believed that this variation is a common phenomenon among potato varieties. In conclusion, the morphological and compositional analysis of the mtlD-GM potato plant revealed substantial equivalence with its non-transgenic counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rahnama
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Amir Bahram Moradi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Foad Moradi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Noormohamadi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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12
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Zhao Y, Yin T, Ran X, Liu W, Shen Y, Guo H, Peng Y, Zhang C, Ding Y, Tang S. Stimulus-responsive proteins involved in multi-process regulation of storage substance accumulation during rice grain filling under elevated temperature. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:547. [PMID: 37936114 PMCID: PMC10631114 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensified global warming during grain filling deteriorated rice quality, in particular increasing the frequency of chalky grains which markedly impact market value. The formation of rice quality is a complex process influenced by multiple genes, proteins and physiological metabolic processes. Proteins responsive to stimulus can adjust the ability of plants to respond to unfavorable environments, which may be an important protein involved in the regulation of quality formation under elevated temperature. However, relatively few studies have hindered our further understanding of rice quality formation under elevated temperature. RESULTS We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling. Starting with the response to stimulus in GO annotation, 22 key proteins responsive to stimulus were identified in the regulation of grain filling and response to elevated temperature. Among the proteins responsive to stimulus, during grain filling, an increased abundance of signal transduction and other stress response proteins, a decreased abundance of reactive oxygen species-related proteins, and an increased accumulation of storage substance metabolism proteins consistently contributed to grain filling. However, the abundance of probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.4, probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.8 and CBL-interacting protein kinase 9 belonged to signal transduction were inhibited under elevated temperature. In the reactive oxygen species-related protein, elevated temperature increased the accumulation of cationic peroxidase SPC4 and persulfide dioxygenase ETHE1 homolog to maintain normal physiological homeostasis. The increased abundance of alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 was related to the storage substance metabolism, which regulated starch and protein accumulation under elevated temperature. CONCLUSION Auxin synthesis and calcium signal associated with signal transduction, other stress responses, protein transport and modification, and reactive oxygen species-related proteins may be key proteins responsive to stimulus in response to elevated temperature. Alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 may be the key proteins to regulate grain storage substance accumulation and further influence quality under elevated temperature. This study enriched the regulatory factors involved in the response to elevated temperature and provided a new idea for a better understanding of grain response to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyang Yin
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Ran
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Shen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - She Tang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Lamm CE, Rabbi IY, Medeiros DB, Rosado-Souza L, Pommerrenig B, Dahmani I, Rüscher D, Hofmann J, van Doorn AM, Schlereth A, Neuhaus HE, Fernie AR, Sonnewald U, Zierer W. Efficient sugar utilization and transition from oxidative to substrate-level phosphorylation in high starch storage roots of African cassava genotypes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:38-57. [PMID: 37329210 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cassava's storage roots represent one of the most important sources of nutritional carbohydrates worldwide. Particularly, smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa depend on this crop plant, where resilient and yield-improved varieties are of vital importance to support steadily increasing populations. Aided by a growing understanding of the plant's metabolism and physiology, targeted improvement concepts already led to visible gains in recent years. To expand our knowledge and to contribute to these successes, we investigated storage roots of eight cassava genotypes with differential dry matter content from three successive field trials for their proteomic and metabolic profiles. At large, the metabolic focus in storage roots transitioned from cellular growth processes toward carbohydrate and nitrogen storage with increasing dry matter content. This is reflected in higher abundance of proteins related to nucleotide synthesis, protein turnover, and vacuolar energization in low starch genotypes, while proteins involved in sugar conversion and glycolysis were more prevalent in high dry matter genotypes. This shift in metabolic orientation was underlined by a clear transition from oxidative- to substrate-level phosphorylation in high dry matter genotypes. Our analyses highlight metabolic patterns that are consistently and quantitatively associated with high dry matter accumulation in cassava storage roots, providing fundamental understanding of cassava's metabolism as well as a data resource for targeted genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Lamm
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ismail Y Rabbi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Laise Rosado-Souza
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Ismail Dahmani
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David Rüscher
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna M van Doorn
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zierer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Jiang Z, Zhang H, Gao S, Zhai H, He S, Zhao N, Liu Q. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Sucrose Synthase Gene Family in Sweet Potato and Its Two Diploid Relatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12493. [PMID: 37569874 PMCID: PMC10420203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose synthases (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) encoded by a small multigene family are the central system of sucrose metabolism and have important implications for carbon allocation and energy conservation in nonphotosynthetic cells of plants. Though the SUS family genes (SUSs) have been identified in several plants, they have not been explored in sweet potato. In this research, nine, seven and seven SUSs were identified in the cultivated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, 2n = 6x = 90) as well as its two diploid wild relatives I. trifida (2n = 2x = 30) and I. triloba (2n = 2x = 30), respectively, and divided into three subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationships. Their protein physicochemical properties, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, promoter cis-elements, protein interaction network and expression patterns were systematically analyzed. The results indicated that the SUS gene family underwent segmental and tandem duplications during its evolution. The SUSs were highly expressed in sink organs. The IbSUSs especially IbSUS2, IbSUS5 and IbSUS7 might play vital roles in storage root development and starch biosynthesis. The SUSs could also respond to drought and salt stress responses and take part in hormone crosstalk. This work provides new insights for further understanding the functions of SUSs and candidate genes for improving yield, starch content, and abiotic stress tolerance in sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.J.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (S.H.); (N.Z.)
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15
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Huang R, Peng F, Wang D, Cao F, Guo C, Yu L, Zhang J, Yang Y. Transcriptome analysis of differential sugar accumulation in the developing embryo of contrasting two Castanea mollissima cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206585. [PMID: 37404530 PMCID: PMC10315843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is an important nut tree species, and its embryo is rich in sugar. We combined metabolomic and transcriptomic data to analyze metabolites and genes related to sugar in two Chinese chestnut cultivars at 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 days after flowering (DAF). The soluble sugar content of high-sugar cultivar at maturity is 1.5 times that of low-sugar cultivar. Thirty sugar metabolites were identified in embryo, with the most dominant being sucrose. Analysis of the gene expression patterns revealed that the high-sugar cultivar promoted the conversion of starch to sucrose by up-regulating genes related to starch degradation and sucrose synthesis at 90-100 DAF. It also strongly increased the enzyme activity of SUS-synthetic, which may promote sucrose synthesis. Gene co-expression network analysis showed that ABA and peroxide were related to starch decomposition during Chinese chestnut ripening. Our study analyzed the composition and molecular synthesis mechanism of sugar in Chinese chestnut embryos, and provided a new insight into the regulation pattern of high sugar accumulation in Chinese chestnut nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Chestnut Industry, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Chestnut Industry, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Chestnut Industry, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Changli, Hebei, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Chestnut Industry, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Liyang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Chestnut Industry, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Jingzheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Chestnut Industry, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Changli, Hebei, China
| | - Yuedong Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
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16
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Liu H, Si X, Wang Z, Cao L, Gao L, Zhou X, Wang W, Wang K, Jiao C, Zhuang L, Liu Y, Hou J, Li T, Hao C, Guo W, Liu J, Zhang X. TaTPP-7A positively feedback regulates grain filling and wheat grain yield through T6P-SnRK1 signalling pathway and sugar-ABA interaction. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1159-1175. [PMID: 36752567 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grain size and filling are two key determinants of grain thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and crop yield, therefore they have undergone strong selection since cereal was domesticated. Genetic dissection of the two traits will improve yield potential in crops. A quantitative trait locus significantly associated with wheat grain TKW was detected on chromosome 7AS flanked by a simple sequence repeat marker of Wmc17 in Chinese wheat 262 mini-core collection by genome-wide association study. Combined with the bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq) analysis of an F2 genetic segregation population with extremely different TKW traits, a candidate trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene located at 135.0 Mb (CS V1.0), designated as TaTPP-7A, was identified. This gene was specifically expressed in developing grains and strongly influenced grain filling and size. Overexpression (OE) of TaTPP-7A in wheat enhanced grain TKW and wheat yield greatly. Detailed analysis revealed that OE of TaTPP-7A significantly increased the expression levels of starch synthesis- and senescence-related genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene pathways. Moreover, most of the sucrose metabolism and starch regulation-related genes were potentially regulated by SnRK1. In addition, TaTPP-7A is a crucial domestication- and breeding-targeted gene and it feedback regulates sucrose lysis, flux, and utilization in the grain endosperm mainly through the T6P-SnRK1 pathway and sugar-ABA interaction. Thus, we confirmed the T6P signalling pathway as the central regulatory system for sucrose allocation and source-sink interactions in wheat grains and propose that the trehalose pathway components have great potential to increase yields in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Si
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Liangjing Cao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Gao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Beijing Biomics Biotechnology Company limited, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhi Jiao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhuang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yunchuan Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hou
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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17
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Bahadori S, Giglou MT, Esmaielpour B, Dehdar B, Estaji A, Hano C, Gohari G, Vergine M, Vita F. Antioxidant Compounds of Potato Breeding Genotypes and Commercial Cultivars with Yellow, Light Yellow, and White Flesh in Iran. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1707. [PMID: 37111930 PMCID: PMC10146029 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Potatoes are a staple food with high antioxidant properties that can positively affect population health. The beneficial effects of potatoes have been attributed to tuber quality. However, the tuber quality related researches at genetic levels are very few. Sexual hybridization is a powerful strategy for producing new and valuable genotypes with high quality. In this study, 42 breeding potato genotypes in Iran were selected based on appearance characteristics such as shape, size, color, eyes of tubers, and tuber yield and marketability. The tubers were evaluated for their nutritional value and properties, viz. phenolic content, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, sugars, proteins, and antioxidant activity. Potato tubers with white flesh and colored skin had significantly higher levels of ascorbic acid and total sugar. The result showed that higher phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid, protein concentration, and antioxidant activity were noted in yellow-fleshed. Burren (yellow-fleshed) tubers had more antioxidant capacity in comparison to genotypes and cultivars, which did not differ significantly with genotypes 58, 68, 67 (light yellow), 26, 22, and 12 (white). The highest correlation coefficients in antioxidant compounds were related to total phenol content and FRAP, suggesting that phenolics might be crucial predictors of antioxidant activities. The concentration of antioxidant compounds in the breeding genotypes was higher than in some commercial cultivars, and higher antioxidant compounds content and activity were detected in yellow-fleshed cultivars. Based on current results, understanding the relationship between antioxidant compounds and the antioxidant activity of potatoes could be very helpful in potato breeding projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Bahadori
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Mousa Torabi Giglou
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Behrooz Esmaielpour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Bahram Dehdar
- Ardebil Agriculture and Natural Resources Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ardabil 56951-57451, Iran
| | - Asghar Estaji
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Marzia Vergine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Federico Vita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
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Li P, Ma H, Xiao N, Zhang Y, Xu T, Xia T. Overexpression of the ZmSUS1 gene alters the content and composition of endosperm starch in maize (Zea mays L.). PLANTA 2023; 257:97. [PMID: 37052727 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ZmSUS1 increases the amylose content of maize by regulating the expression of Shrunken2 (Sh2) and Brittle2 (Bt2) which encode the size subunits of endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and Granule bound starchsynthase1 (GBSS1) and Starch synthase1 (SS1). Cereal crops accumulate starch in seeds as an energy reserve. Sucrose Synthase (SuSy) plays an important role in grain starch synthesis. In this study, ZmSUS1 was transformed into maize inbred line KN5585, and transgenic plants were obtained. Compared with the non-transgenic negative control, the content and activity of SuSy were significantly increased, the amylose content in mature seeds of transgenic maize increased by 41.1-69.2%, the total starch content increased by 5.0-13.5%, the 100-grain weight increased by 19.0-26.2% and the average diameter of starch granules increased by 10.8-17.2%. These results indicated that overexpression of ZmSUS1 can significantly improve the traits of maize seeds and obtain new lines with high amylose content. It was also found that the overexpression of ZmSUS1 may increase the amylose content by altering the expression of endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) subunits Shrunken2 (Sh2) and Brittle2 (Bt2). Moreover, the ectopic expression of ZmSUS1 also affected the expression of Granule bound starch synthase1 (GBSS1) and Starch synthase1 (SS1) which encode starch synthase. This study proved the important role of ZmSUS1 in maize starch synthesis and provided a new technology strategy for improving maize starch content and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Liu T, Kawochar MA, Begum S, Wang E, Zhou T, Jing S, Liu T, Yu L, Nie B, Song B. Potato tonoplast sugar transporter 1 controls tuber sugar accumulation during postharvest cold storage. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad035. [PMID: 37799627 PMCID: PMC10548405 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Cold-induced sweetening (CIS), the undesirable sugar accumulation in cold-stored potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, is a severe postharvest issue in the potato processing industry. Although the process of sucrose hydrolysis by vacuolar invertase during potato CIS is well understood, there is limited knowledge about the transportation of sucrose from the cytosol to the vacuole during postharvest cold storage. Here, we report that among the three potato tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), StTST1 exhibits the highest expression in tubers during postharvest cold storage. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrates that StTST1 is a tonoplast-localized protein. StTST1 knockdown decreases reducing sugar accumulation in tubers during low-temperature storage. Compared to wild-type, potato chips produced from StTST1-silenced tubers displayed significantly lower acrylamide levels and lighter color after cold storage. Transcriptome analysis manifests that suppression of StTST1 promotes starch synthesis and inhibits starch degradation in cold-stored tubers. We further establish that the increased sucrose content in the StTST1-silenced tubers might cause a decrease in the ABA content, thereby inhibiting the ABA-signaling pathway. We demonstrate that the down-regulation of β-amylase StBAM1 in StTST1-silenced tubers might be directly controlled by ABA-responsive element-binding proteins (AREBs). Altogether, we have shown that StTST1 plays a critical role in sugar accumulation and starch metabolism regulation during postharvest cold storage. Thus, our findings provide a new strategy to improve the frying quality of cold-stored tubers and reduce the acrylamide content in potato chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Md Abu Kawochar
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnewaz Begum
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Shenglin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Liu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Bihua Nie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
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20
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Zhang M, Sun Y, Di P, Han M, Yang L. Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Taproot Enlargement in Panax ginseng. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5590. [PMID: 36982666 PMCID: PMC10058914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is regarded as the "king of herbs" in China, with its roots and rhizomes used as medicine, and it has a high medicinal value. In order to meet the market demand, the artificial cultivation of ginseng emerged, but different growth environments significantly affect the root morphology of garden ginseng. In this study, we used ginseng cultivated in deforested land (CF-CG) and ginseng cultivated in farmland (F-CG) as experimental materials. These two phenotypes were explored at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels so as to understand the regulatory mechanism of taproot enlargement in garden ginseng. The results show that, compared with those of F-CG, the thickness of the main roots in CF-CG was increased by 70.5%, and the fresh weight of the taproots was increased by 305.4%. Sucrose, fructose and ginsenoside were significantly accumulated in CF-CG. During the enlargement of the taproots of CF-CG, genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly up-regulated, while genes related to lignin biosynthesis were significantly down-regulated. Auxin, gibberellin and abscisic acid synergistically regulated the enlargement of the taproots of the garden ginseng. In addition, as a sugar signaling molecule, T6P might act on the auxin synthesis gene ALDH2 to promote the synthesis of auxin and, thus, participate in the growth and development of garden ginseng roots. In summary, our study is conducive to clarifying the molecular regulation mechanism of taproot enlargement in garden ginseng, and it provides new insights for the further exploration of the morphogenesis of ginseng roots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mei Han
- Co-Constructing Key Laboratory by Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.Z.)
| | - Limin Yang
- Co-Constructing Key Laboratory by Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.Z.)
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21
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Carrillo L, Baroja-Fernández E, Renau-Morata B, Muñoz FJ, Canales J, Ciordia S, Yang L, Sánchez-López ÁM, Nebauer SG, Ceballos MG, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Molina RV, Pozueta-Romero J, Medina J. Ectopic expression of the AtCDF1 transcription factor in potato enhances tuber starch and amino acid contents and yield under open field conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1010669. [PMID: 36937996 PMCID: PMC10014720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1010669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cycling Dof transcription factors (CDFs) have been involved in different aspects of plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis and tomato, one member of this family (CDF1) has recently been associated with the regulation of primary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, but their roles in crop production under open field conditions remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we compared the growth, and tuber yield and composition of plants ectopically expressing the CDF1 gene from Arabidopsis under the control of the 35S promoter with wild-type (WT) potato plants cultured in growth chamber and open field conditions. RESULTS In growth chambers, the 35S::AtCDF1 plants showed a greater tuber yield than the WT by increasing the biomass partition for tuber development. Under field conditions, the ectopic expression of CDF1 also promoted the sink strength of the tubers, since 35S::AtCDF1 plants exhibited significant increases in tuber size and weight resulting in higher tuber yield. A metabolomic analysis revealed that tubers of 35S::AtCDF1 plants cultured under open field conditions accumulated higher levels of glucose, starch and amino acids than WT tubers. A comparative proteomic analysis of tubers of 35S::AtCDF1 and WT plants cultured under open field conditions revealed that these changes can be accounted for changes in the expression of proteins involved in energy production and different aspects of C and N metabolism. DISCUSSION The results from this study advance our collective understanding of the role of CDFs and are of great interest for the purposes of improving the yield and breeding of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) UPM-INIA/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Begoña Renau-Morata
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universitat de València. Vicent Andrés Estellés, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Javier Canales
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- ANID–Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad Proteomica (CNB), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lu Yang
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) UPM-INIA/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València., València, Spain
| | - Mar G. Ceballos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) UPM-INIA/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) UPM-INIA/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa V. Molina
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València., València, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) UPM-INIA/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Boutsika A, Michailidis M, Ganopoulou M, Dalakouras A, Skodra C, Xanthopoulou A, Stamatakis G, Samiotaki M, Tanou G, Moysiadis T, Angelis L, Bazakos C, Molassiotis A, Nianiou-Obeidat I, Mellidou I, Ganopoulos I. A wide foodomics approach coupled with metagenomics elucidates the environmental signature of potatoes. iScience 2023; 26:105917. [PMID: 36691616 PMCID: PMC9860355 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "terroir" has been widely employed to link differential geographic phenotypes with sensorial signatures of agricultural food products, influenced by agricultural practices, soil type, and climate. Nowadays, the geographical indications labeling has been developed to safeguard the quality of plant-derived food that is linked to a certain terroir and is generally considered as an indication of superior organoleptic properties. As the dynamics of agroecosystems are highly intricate, consisting of tangled networks of interactions between plants, microorganisms, and the surrounding environment, the recognition of the key molecular components of terroir fingerprinting remains a great challenge to protect both the origin and the safety of food commodities. Furthermore, the contribution of microbiome as a potential driver of the terroir signature has been underestimated. Herein, we present a first comprehensive view of the multi-omic landscape related to transcriptome, proteome, epigenome, and metagenome of the popular Protected Geographical Indication potatoes of Naxos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Boutsika
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, 570001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail Michailidis
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, 21 Greece
| | - Maria Ganopoulou
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Dalakouras
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, 570001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
| | - Christina Skodra
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
| | - Aliki Xanthopoulou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, 570001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, 21 Greece
| | - George Stamatakis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, 21 Greece
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
| | - Theodoros Moysiadis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, 570001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
- Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Lefteris Angelis
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Bazakos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, 570001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, 21 Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
| | - Irini Nianiou-Obeidat
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, 570001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, 21 Greece
- Corresponding author
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, 570001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki-Thermi, 21 Greece
- Corresponding author
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23
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Rosado-Souza L, Yokoyama R, Sonnewald U, Fernie AR. Understanding source-sink interactions: Progress in model plants and translational research to crops. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:96-121. [PMID: 36447435 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is facing a massive increase in demand per hectare as a result of an ever-expanding population and environmental deterioration. While we have learned much about how environmental conditions and diseases impact crop yield, until recently considerably less was known concerning endogenous factors, including within-plant nutrient allocation. In this review, we discuss studies of source-sink interactions covering both fundamental research in model systems under controlled growth conditions and how the findings are being translated to crop plants in the field. In this respect we detail efforts aimed at improving and/or combining C3, C4, and CAM modes of photosynthesis, altering the chloroplastic electron transport chain, modulating photorespiration, adopting bacterial/algal carbon-concentrating mechanisms, and enhancing nitrogen- and water-use efficiencies. Moreover, we discuss how modulating TCA cycle activities and primary metabolism can result in increased rates of photosynthesis and outline the opportunities that evaluating natural variation in photosynthesis may afford. Although source, transport, and sink functions are all covered in this review, we focus on discussing source functions because the majority of research has been conducted in this field. Nevertheless, considerable recent evidence, alongside the evidence from classical studies, demonstrates that both transport and sink functions are also incredibly important determinants of yield. We thus describe recent evidence supporting this notion and suggest that future strategies for yield improvement should focus on combining improvements in each of these steps to approach yield optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise Rosado-Souza
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Ryo Yokoyama
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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24
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Ren Z, Zhang D, Jiao C, Li D, Wu Y, Wang X, Gao C, Lin Y, Ruan Y, Xia Y. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses identified the mode of sucrose degradation as a metabolic marker for early vegetative propagation in bulbs of Lycoris. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:115-134. [PMID: 35942603 PMCID: PMC9826282 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative propagation (VP) is an important practice for production in many horticultural plants. Sugar supply constitutes the basis of VP in bulb flowers, but the underlying molecular basis remains elusive. By performing a combined sequencing technologies coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach for metabolic analyses, we compared two Lycoris species with contrasting regeneration rates: high-regeneration Lycoris sprengeri and low-regeneration Lycoris aurea. A comprehensive multi-omics analyses identified both expected processes involving carbohydrate metabolism and transcription factor networks, as well as the metabolic characteristics for each developmental stage. A higher abundance of the differentially expressed genes including those encoding ethylene responsive factors was detected at bulblet initiation stage compared to the late stage of bulblet development. High hexose-to-sucrose ratio correlated to bulblet formation across all the species examined, indicating its role in the VP process in Lycoris bulb. Importantly, a clear difference between cell wall invertase (CWIN)-catalyzed sucrose unloading in high-regeneration species and the sucrose synthase-catalyzed pathway in low-regeneration species was observed at the bulblet initiation stage, which was supported by findings from carboxyfluorescein tracing and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Collectively, the findings indicate a sugar-mediated model of the regulation of VP in which high CWIN expression or activity may promote bulblet initiation via enhancing apoplasmic unloading of sucrose or sugar signals, whereas the subsequent high ratio of hexose-to-sucrose likely supports cell division characterized in the next phase of bulblet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Ming Ren
- Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Chen Jiao
- Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsInstitute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Dan‐Qing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Xiu‐Yun Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Cong Gao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Ye‐Fan Lin
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yong‐Ling Ruan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Yazhou Bay LaboratorySanya572024China
| | - Yi‐Ping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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25
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Ruengsrichaiya B, Nukoolkit C, Kalapanulak S, Saithong T. Plant-DTI: Extending the landscape of TF protein and DNA interaction in plants by a machine learning-based approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970018. [PMID: 36082286 PMCID: PMC9445498 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a sessile organism, plants hold elaborate transcriptional regulatory systems that allow them to adapt to variable surrounding environments. Current understanding of plant regulatory mechanisms is greatly constrained by limited knowledge of transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions. To mitigate this problem, a Plant-DTI predictor (Plant DBD-TFBS Interaction) was developed here as the first machine-learning model that covered the largest experimental datasets of 30 plant TF families, including 7 plant-specific DNA binding domain (DBD) types, and their transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). Plant-DTI introduced a novel TFBS feature construction, called TFBS base-preference, which enhanced the specificity of TFBS to DBD types. The proposed model showed better predictive performance with the TFBS base-preference than the simple binary representation. Plant-DTI was validated with 22 independent ChIP-seq datasets. It accurately predicted the measured DBD-TFBS pairs along with their TFBS motifs, and effectively predicted interactions of other TFs containing similar DBD types. Comparing to the existing state-of-art methods, Plant-DTI prediction showed a figure of merit in sensitivity and specificity with respect to the position weight matrix (PWM) and TSPTFBS methods. Finally, the proposed Plant-DTI model helped to fill the knowledge gap in the regulatory mechanisms of the cassava sucrose synthase 1 gene (MeSUS1). Plant-DTI predicted MeERF72 as a regulator of MeSUS1 in consistence with the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) experiment. Taken together, Plant-DTI would help facilitate the prediction of TF-TFBS and TF-target gene (TG) interactions, thereby accelerating the study of transcriptional regulatory systems in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhukrit Ruengsrichaiya
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang KhunThian), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chakarida Nukoolkit
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang KhunThian), Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowalak Kalapanulak
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang KhunThian), Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Agricultural Systems Biology, Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang KhunThian), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Treenut Saithong
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang KhunThian), Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Agricultural Systems Biology, Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang KhunThian), Bangkok, Thailand
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Fu Y, Jiang S, Zou M, Xiao J, Yang L, Luo C, Rao P, Wang W, Ou Z, Liu F, Xia Z. High-quality reference genome sequences of two Cannaceae species provide insights into the evolution of Cannaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:955904. [PMID: 35968134 PMCID: PMC9371203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Canna edulis Ker-Gawl and Canna indica L. are species belonging to the Cannaceae family and both have a very high economic value. Here, we aimed to assemble genomes of C. edulis and C. indica at the chromosome level to generate a reference genome for the Cannaceae family. We also comparatively analyzed the genomes of C. edulis and C. indica and examined the molecular mechanisms responsible for the remarkable differences in plant characteristics in C. edulis varieties. Our results indicated that genome-wide duplication events had recently occurred in C. edulis and C. indica. The comparative analysis of the genomes of C. edulis and C. indica revealed that C. edulis exhibited a remarkable level of replication of genes in the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways, especially during sucrose hydrolysis. This finding is consistent with the fact that the starch content of the C. edulis tuber is higher than that of C. indica. Simplified genome re-sequencing revealed the population structure of 241 C. edulis genes, and a genome-wide association study of leaf traits revealed the location of key genes related to leaf color and morphology. These findings extend our understanding of Cannaceade at the molecular level, and provide an effective theoretical basis for further study and utilization of Cannaceae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Fu
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crop, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi, China
| | - Sirong Jiang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Meiling Zou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianjia Xiao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Long Yang
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crop, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi, China
| | - Chunfang Luo
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crop, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi, China
| | - Ping Rao
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crop, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhengui Ou
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crop, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi, China
| | - Fanzhi Liu
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crop, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Zhu Y, Zhao S, Deng K, Wu P, Feng K, Li L. Integrated mRNA and Small RNA Sequencing Reveals a microRNA Regulatory Network Associated with Starch Biosynthesis in Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Rhizomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147605. [PMID: 35886954 PMCID: PMC9318480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Internode starch biosynthesis is one of the most important traits in lotus rhizome because of its relation to crop productivity. Understanding the microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles related to lotus internode starch biosynthesis would help develop molecular improvement strategies, but they are not yet well-investigated. To identify genes and miRNAs involved in internode starch biosynthesis, the cDNA and small RNA libraries of Z6-1, Z6-2, and Z6-3 were sequenced, and their expression were further studied. Through combined analyses of transcriptome data and small RNA sequencing data, a complex co-expression regulatory network was constructed, in which 20 miRNAs could modulate starch biosynthesis in different internodes by tuning the expression of 10 target genes. QRT-PCR analysis, transient co-expression experiment and dual luciferase assay comprehensively confirmed that NnumiR396a down-regulated the expression of NnSS2 and ultimately prevents the synthesis of amylopectin, and NnumiR396b down-regulated the expression of NnPGM2 and ultimately prevents the synthesis of total starch. Our results suggest that miRNAs play a critical role in starch biosynthesis in lotus rhizome, and that miRNA-mediated networks could modulate starch biosynthesis in this tissue. These results have provided important insights into the molecular mechanism of starch biosynthesis in developing lotus rhizome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Zhu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No. 48, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Shuping Zhao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No. 48, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Kangming Deng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No. 48, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No. 48, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Kai Feng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No. 48, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Liangjun Li
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No. 48, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-054187971026
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Liu H, Liu X, Zhao Y, Nie J, Yao X, Lv L, Yang J, Ma N, Guo Y, Li Y, Yang X, Lin T, Sui X. Alkaline α-galactosidase 2 (CsAGA2) plays a pivotal role in mediating source-sink communication in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1501-1518. [PMID: 35357489 PMCID: PMC9237694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are necessary for plant growth and fruit development. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) transports sugars, mainly raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), in the vascular bundle. As the dominant sugars in cucumber fruit, glucose and fructose are derived from sucrose, which is the product of RFO hydrolysis by α-galactosidase (α-Gal). Here, we characterized the cucumber alkaline α-galactosidase 2 (CsAGA2) gene and found that CsAGA2 has undergone human selection during cucumber domestication. Further experiments showed that the expression of CsAGA2 increases gradually during fruit development, especially in fruit vasculature. In CsAGA2-RNA interference (RNAi) lines, fruit growth was delayed because of lower hexose production in the peduncle and fruit main vascular bundle (MVB). In contrast, CsAGA2-overexpressing (OE) plants displayed bigger fruits. Functional enrichment analysis of transcriptional data indicated that genes related to sugar metabolism, cell wall metabolism, and hormone signaling were significantly downregulated in the peduncle and fruit MVBs of CsAGA2-RNAi plants. Moreover, downregulation of CsAGA2 also caused negative feedback regulation on source leaves, which was shown by reduced photosynthetic efficiency, fewer plasmodesmata at the surface between mesophyll cell and intermediary cell (IC) or between IC and sieve element, and downregulated gene expression and enzyme activities related to phloem loading, as well as decreased sugar production and exportation from leaves and petioles. The opposite trend was observed in CsAGA2-OE lines. Overall, we conclude that CsAGA2 is essential for cucumber fruit set and development through mediation of sugar communication between sink strength and source activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yalong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuehui Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijun Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yicong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Authors for correspondence: (T.L.); (X.S.)
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Sergeeva EM, Larichev KT, Salina EA, Kochetov AV. Starch metabolism in potato <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:250-263. [PMID: 35774362 PMCID: PMC9168746 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch is a major storage carbohydrate in plants. It is an important source of calories in the human and animal diet. Also, it is widely used in various industries. Native starch consists of water-insoluble semicrystalline granules formed by natural glucose polymers amylose and amylopectin. The physicochemical properties of starch are determined by the amylose:amylopectin ratio in the granule and degrees of their polymerization and phosphorylation. Potato Solanum tuberosum L. is one of the main starch-producing crops. Growing industrial needs necessitate the breeding of plant varieties with increased starch content and specified starch properties. This task demands detailed information on starch metabolism in the producing plant. It is a complex process, requiring the orchestrated work of many enzymes, transporter and targeting proteins, transcription factors, and other regulators. Two types of starch are recognized with regard to their biological functions. Transitory starch is synthesized in chloroplasts of photosynthetic organs and degraded in the absence of light, providing carbohydrates for cell needs. Storage starch is synthesized and stored in amyloplasts of storage organs: grains and tubers. The main enzymatic reactions of starch biosynthesis and degradation, as well as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, are well known in the case of transitory starch of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Less is known about features of starch metabolism in storage organs, in particular, potato tubers. Several issues remain obscure: the roles of enzyme isoforms and different regulatory factors in tissues at various plant developmental stages and under different environmental conditions; alternative enzymatic processes; targeting and transport proteins. In this review, the key enzymatic reactions of plant carbohydrate metabolism, transitory and storage starch biosynthesis,
and starch degradation are discussed, and features specific for potato are outlined. Attention is also paid to the
known regulatory factors affecting starch metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Sergeeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - K. T. Larichev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - E. A. Salina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A. V. Kochetov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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30
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Systemic Signaling: A Role in Propelling Crop Yield. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111400. [PMID: 35684173 PMCID: PMC9182853 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Food security has become a topic of great concern in many countries. Global food security depends heavily on agriculture that has access to proper resources and best practices to generate higher crop yields. Crops, as with other plants, have a variety of strategies to adapt their growth to external environments and internal needs. In plants, the distal organs are interconnected through the vascular system and intricate hierarchical signaling networks, to communicate and enhance survival within fluctuating environments. Photosynthesis and carbon allocation are fundamental to crop production and agricultural outputs. Despite tremendous progress achieved by analyzing local responses to environmental cues, and bioengineering of critical enzymatic processes, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms underlying carbon assimilation, allocation, and utilization. This review provides insights into vascular-based systemic regulation of photosynthesis and resource allocation, thereby opening the way for the engineering of source and sink activities to optimize the yield performance of major crops.
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31
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Shaw BP, Sekhar S, Panda BB, Sahu G, Chandra T, Parida AK. Biochemical and molecular processes contributing to grain filling and yield in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 179:120-133. [PMID: 35338943 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The increase in much required rice production through breeding programmes is on decline. The primary reason being poor filling of grains in the basal spikelets of the heavy and compact panicle rice developed. These spikelets are genetically competent to develop into well filled grains, but fail to do so because the carbohydrate assimilates available to them remain unutilized, reportedly due to poor activities of the starch biosynthesizing enzymes, high production of ethylene leading to enhanced synthesis of the downstream signaling component RSR1 protein that inhibits GBSS1 activity, poor endosperm cell division and endoreduplication of the endosperm nuclei, altered expression of the transcription factors influencing grain filling, enhanced expression and phosphorylation of 14-3-3 proteins, poor expression of the seed storage proteins, reduced synthesis of the hormones like cytokinins and IAA that promote grain filling, and altered expression of miRNAs preventing their normal role in grain filling. Since the basal spikelets are genetically competent to develop into well filled mature grains, biotechnological interventions in terms of spikelet-specific overexpression of the genes encoding enzymes involved in grain filling and/or knockdown/overexpression of the genes influencing the activities of the starch biosynthesizing enzymes, various cell cycle events and hormone biosynthesis could increase rice production by as much as 30%, much more than the set production target of 800 mmt. Application of these biotechnological interventions in the heavy and compact panicle cultivars producing grains of desired quality would also maintain the quality of the grains having demand in market besides increasing the rice production per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Prasad Shaw
- Abiotic Stress and Agro-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Sudhanshu Sekhar
- Abiotic Stress and Agro-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Binay Bhushan Panda
- Abiotic Stress and Agro-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Gyanasri Sahu
- Abiotic Stress and Agro-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Tilak Chandra
- Abiotic Stress and Agro-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Parida
- Abiotic Stress and Agro-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India.
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32
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Yu J, Xu S, Liu X, Li T, Zhang D, Teng N, Wu Z. Starch Degradation and Sucrose Accumulation of Lily Bulbs after Cold Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4366. [PMID: 35457184 PMCID: PMC9029042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional lilies are a group of edible lily cultivars with great potential for landscape application. Low-temperature storage can significantly improve their taste, but the knowledge of this process is largely unknown. In this study, we used the functional lilies 'Fly Shaohua' and 'Fly Tiancheng' as materials. Through physiological observation and transcriptome analysis during the bulbs' cold storage, it was found that the starch degradation and sucrose accumulation in bulbs contributed to taste improvement. After 60 d of cold storage, the sucrose accumulation was highest and the starch content was lower in the bulbs, suggesting this time-point was optimal for consumption. Accompanying the fluctuation of sucrose content during cold storage, the enzyme activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase for sucrose synthesis were increased. Transcriptome analysis showed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, which might promote the conversion of starch to sucrose in bulbs. In addition, the DEGs involved in dormancy and stress response were also determined during cold storage, which might explain the decreased sucrose accumulation with extended storage time over 60 d due to the energy consumption for dormancy release. Taken together, our results indicated sucrose accumulation was a main factor in the taste improvement of lily bulbs after cold storage, which is attributable to the different gene expression of starch and sucrose metabolism pathways in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dehua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nianjun Teng
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Lu Y, Han S, Zhou C, Cheng Y, Lv Y, Zeng G, Zhang D, Gao X, Hu Y, Shen X. Molecular identification and expression analysis of five sucrose synthase genes in Sorghum Bicolor. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:697-707. [PMID: 35592480 PMCID: PMC9110601 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In higher plants, sucrose synthase (Susy, EC 2.4.1.13) as an enzyme with a core function, involved in the synthesis and breakdown of sugars, and plays an important role in growth and metabolism. Although, the different genes encoding Susy isozyme proteins have been cloned and functionally verified in several plant species, to date detailed information about the Susy genes is lacking in Sorghum. Here, we demonstrated the identification of five novel Susy genes from the sorghum genome database. Sequence, structure and phylogenetic analyses of these five SbSusy genes revealed evolutionary conservation through Susy gene family members across Sorghum and other crop plants. The expression of sorghum Susy genes was investigated via transcriptome database in various developmental stages and different tissues. Further qRT-PCR was performed to reveal the induction of SbSusy genes under salt, drought and sugar induction. The results indicated that all Susy genes were differentially expressed in various tissues and highly associated with sucrose metabolism. This study shows a theoretical reference of Susy genes in Sorghum, which provides new insights for the knowledge of the evolution relationships, and basic information to help clarify the molecular mechanism of Susy synthase genes in Sorghum. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01166-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaopeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongjian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Dechun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqiang Gao
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
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Li R, Zheng W, Jiang M, Zhang H. A review of starch biosynthesis in cereal crops and its potential breeding applications in rice ( Oryza Sativa L.). PeerJ 2022; 9:e12678. [PMID: 35036154 PMCID: PMC8710062 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch provides primary storage of carbohydrates, accounting for approximately 85% of the dry weight of cereal endosperm. Cereal seeds contribute to maximum annual starch production and provide the primary food for humans and livestock worldwide. However, the growing demand for starch in food and industry and the increasing loss of arable land with urbanization emphasizes the urgency to understand starch biosynthesis and its regulation. Here, we first summarized the regulatory signaling pathways about leaf starch biosynthesis. Subsequently, we paid more attention to how transcriptional factors (TFs) systematically respond to various stimulants via the regulation of the enzymes during starch biosynthesis. Finally, some strategies to improve cereal yield and quality were put forward based on the previous reports. This review would collectively help to design future studies on starch biosynthesis in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.,College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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35
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Li W, Huang L, Liu N, Pandey MK, Chen Y, Cheng L, Guo J, Yu B, Luo H, Zhou X, Huai D, Chen W, Yan L, Wang X, Lei Y, Varshney RK, Liao B, Jiang H. Key Regulators of Sucrose Metabolism Identified through Comprehensive Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Peanuts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7266. [PMID: 34298903 PMCID: PMC8306169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose content is a crucial indicator of quality and flavor in peanut seed, and there is a lack of clarity on the molecular basis of sucrose metabolism in peanut seed. In this context, we performed a comprehensive comparative transcriptome study on the samples collected at seven seed development stages between a high-sucrose content variety (ICG 12625) and a low-sucrose content variety (Zhonghua 10). The transcriptome analysis identified a total of 8334 genes exhibiting significantly different abundances between the high- and low-sucrose varieties. We identified 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in sucrose metabolism in peanut and 12 of these encoded sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs). The remaining 16 genes encoded enzymes, such as cell wall invertase (CWIN), vacuolar invertase (VIN), cytoplasmic invertase (CIN), cytosolic fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase (FBP), sucrose synthase (SUS), cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), hexokinase (HK), and sucrose-phosphate phosphatase (SPP). The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified seven genes encoding key enzymes (CIN, FBA, FBP, HK, and SPP), three SWEET genes, and 90 transcription factors (TFs) showing a high correlation with sucrose content. Furthermore, upon validation, six of these genes were successfully verified as exhibiting higher expression in high-sucrose recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Our study suggested the key roles of the high expression of SWEETs and enzymes in sucrose synthesis making the genotype ICG 12625 sucrose-rich. This study also provided insights into the molecular basis of sucrose metabolism during seed development and facilitated exploring key candidate genes and molecular breeding for sucrose content in peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (M.K.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Yuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Liangqiang Cheng
- Oil Research Institute of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550006, China;
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Bolun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Huaiyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Weigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (M.K.P.); (R.K.V.)
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
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Pan K, Lu C, Nie P, Hu M, Zhou X, Chen X, Wang W. Predominantly symplastic phloem unloading of photosynthates maintains efficient starch accumulation in the cassava storage roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:318. [PMID: 34217217 PMCID: PMC8254309 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) efficiently accumulates starch in its storage roots. However, how photosynthates are transported from the leaves to the phloem (especially how they are unloaded into parenchymal cells of storage roots) remains unclear. RESULTS Here, we investigated the sucrose unloading pattern and its impact on cassava storage root development using microstructural and physiological analyses, namely, carboxyfluorescein (CF) and C14 isotope tracing. The expression profiling of genes involved in symplastic and apoplastic transport was performed, which included enzyme activity, protein gel blot analysis, and transcriptome sequencing analyses. These finding showed that carbohydrates are transported mainly in the form of sucrose, and more than 54.6% was present in the stem phloem. Sucrose was predominantly unloaded symplastically from the phloem into storage roots; in addition, there was a shift from apoplastic to symplastic unloading accompanied by the onset of root swelling. Statistical data on the microstructures indicated an enrichment of plasmodesmata within sieve, companion, and parenchyma cells in the developing storage roots of a cultivar but not in a wild ancestor. Tracing tests with CF verified the existence of a symplastic channel, and [14C] Suc demonstrated that sucrose could rapidly diffuse into root parenchyma cells from phloem cells. The relatively high expression of genes encoding sucrose synthase and associated proteins appeared in the middle and late stages of storage roots but not in primary fibrous roots, or secondary fibrous roots. The inverse expression pattern of sucrose transporters, cell wall acid invertase, and soluble acid invertase in these corresponding organs supported the presence of a symplastic sucrose unloading pathway. The transcription profile of genes involved in symplastic unloading and their significantly positive correlation with the starch yield at the population level confirmed that symplastic sucrose transport is vitally important in the development of cassava storage roots. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we revealed that the cassava storage root phloem sucrose unloading pattern was predominantly a symplastic unloading pattern. This pattern is essential for efficient starch accumulation in high-yielding varieties compared with low-yielding wild ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pan
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Peixian Nie
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Meizhen Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xincheng Zhou
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Zierer W, Rüscher D, Sonnewald U, Sonnewald S. Tuber and Tuberous Root Development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:551-580. [PMID: 33788583 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-084456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Root and tuber crops have been an important part of human nutrition since the early days of humanity, providing us with essential carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins. Today, they are especially important in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where they help to feed an ever-growing population. Early induction and storage organ size are important agricultural traits, as they determine yield over time. During potato tuberization, environmental and metabolic status are sensed, ensuring proper timing of tuberization mediated by phloem-mobile signals. Coordinated cellular restructuring and expansion growth, as well as controlled storage metabolism in the tuber, are executed. This review summarizes our current understanding of potato tuber development and highlights similarities and differences to important tuberous root crop species like sweetpotato and cassava. Finally, we point out knowledge gaps that need to be filled before a complete picture of storage organ development can emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Zierer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; , , ,
| | - David Rüscher
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; , , ,
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; , , ,
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; , , ,
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Gao Y, Tang Z, Xia H, Sheng M, Liu M, Pan S, Li Z, Liu J. Potassium Fertilization Stimulates Sucrose-to-Starch Conversion and Root Formation in Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4826. [PMID: 34062942 PMCID: PMC8125193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A field experiment was established to study sweet potato growth, starch dynamic accumulation, key enzymes and gene transcription in the sucrose-to-starch conversion and their relationships under six K2O rates using Ningzishu 1 (sensitive to low-K) and Xushu 32 (tolerant to low-K). The results indicated that K application significantly improved the biomass accumulation of plant and storage root, although treatments at high levels of K, i.e., 300-375 kg K2O ha-1, significantly decreased plant biomass and storage root yield. Compared with the no-K treatment, K application enhanced the biomass accumulation of plant and storage root by 3-47% and 13-45%, respectively, through promoting the biomass accumulation rate. Additionally, K application also enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of sweet potato. In this study, low stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) accompanied with decreased intercellular CO2 concentration were observed in the no-K treatment at 35 DAT, indicating that Pn was reduced mainly due to stomatal limitation; at 55 DAT, reduced Pn in the no-K treatment was caused by non-stomatal factors. Compared with the no-K treatment, the content of sucrose, amylose and amylopectin decreased by 9-34%, 9-23% and 6-19%, respectively, but starch accumulation increased by 11-21% under K supply. The activities of sucrose synthetase (SuSy), adenosine-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch synthase (SSS) and the transcription of Susy, AGP, SSS34 and SSS67 were enhanced by K application and had positive relationships with starch accumulation. Therefore, K application promoted starch accumulation and storage root yield through regulating the activities and genes transcription of SuSy, AGPase and SSS in the sucrose-to-starch conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (S.P.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhonghou Tang
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou 221131, China; (Z.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Houqiang Xia
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (S.P.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Minfei Sheng
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (S.P.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou 221131, China; (Z.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Shenyuan Pan
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (S.P.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (S.P.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jingran Liu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (S.P.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Li M, He Q, Huang Y, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang XR, Tang H. Sucrose synthase gene family in Brassica juncea: genomic organization, evolutionary comparisons, and expression regulation. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10878. [PMID: 33854830 PMCID: PMC7953879 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SUS) plays an important role in sucrose metabolism and plant development. The SUS gene family has been identified in many plants, however, there is no definitive study of SUS gene in Brassica juncea. In this study, 14 SUS family genes were identified and comprehensively analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The analyzed parameters included their family member characteristics, chromosomal locations, gene structures and phylogenetic as well as transcript expression profiles. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 14 members could be allocated into three groups: SUS I, SUS II and SUS III. Comparisons of the exon/intron structure of the mustard SUS gene indicated that its structure is highly conserved. The conserved structure is attributed to purification selection during evolution. Expansion of the SUS gene family is associated with fragment and tandem duplications of the mustard SUS gene family. Collinearity analysis among species revealed that the SUS gene family could be lost or mutated to varying degrees after the genome was doubled, or when Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra hybridized to form Brassica juncea. The expression patterns of BjuSUSs vary among different stages of mustard stem swelling. Transcriptomics revealed that the BjuSUS01-04 expression levels were the most elevated. It has been hypothesized that they play an important role in sucrose metabolism during stem development. The expression levels of some BjuSUSs were significantly up-regulated when they were treated with plant hormones. However, when subjected to abiotic stress factors, their expression levels were suppressed. This study establishes SUS gene functions during mustard stem development and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zejing Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Van Harsselaar JK, Claußen J, Lübeck J, Wörlein N, Uhlmann N, Sonnewald U, Gerth S. X-Ray CT Phenotyping Reveals Bi-Phasic Growth Phases of Potato Tubers Exposed to Combined Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:613108. [PMID: 33859657 PMCID: PMC8042327 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.613108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of climate change, heat waves in combination with extended drought periods will be an increasing threat to crop yield. Therefore, breeding stress tolerant crop plants is an urgent need. Breeding for stress tolerance has benefited from large scale phenotyping, enabling non-invasive, continuous monitoring of plant growth. In case of potato, this is compromised by the fact that tubers grow belowground, making phenotyping of tuber development a challenging task. To determine the growth dynamics of tubers before, during and after stress treatment is nearly impossible with traditional destructive harvesting approaches. In contrast, X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) offers the opportunity to access belowground growth processes. In this study, potato tuber development from initiation until harvest was monitored by CT analysis for five different genotypes under stress conditions. Tuber growth was monitored three times per week via CT analysis. Stress treatment was started when all plants exhibited detectable tubers. Combined heat and drought stress was applied by increasing growth temperature for 2 weeks and simultaneously decreasing daily water supply. CT analysis revealed that tuber growth is inhibited under stress within a week and can resume after the stress has been terminated. After cessation of stress, tubers started growing again and were only slightly and insignificantly smaller than control tubers at the end of the experimental period. These growth characteristics were accompanied by corresponding changes in gene expression and activity of enzymes relevant for starch metabolism which is the driving force for tuber growth. Gene expression and activity of Sucrose Synthase (SuSy) reaffirmed the detrimental impact of the stress on starch biosynthesis. Perception of the stress treatment by the tubers was confirmed by gene expression analysis of potential stress marker genes whose applicability for potato tubers is further discussed. We established a semi-automatic imaging pipeline to analyze potato tuber delevopment in a medium thoughput (5 min per pot). The imaging pipeline presented here can be scaled up to be used in high-throughput phenotyping systems. However, the combination with automated data processing is the key to generate objective data accelerating breeding efforts to improve abiotic stress tolerance of potato genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joelle Claußen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Development Centre X-Ray Technology, Fürth, Germany
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Norbert Wörlein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Development Centre X-Ray Technology, Fürth, Germany
| | - Norman Uhlmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Development Centre X-Ray Technology, Fürth, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gerth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Development Centre X-Ray Technology, Fürth, Germany
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Transcriptome analysis of genes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) seed kernels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3570. [PMID: 33574357 PMCID: PMC7878784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) seed kernels (CCSK) with high quality and quantity of starch has emerged as a potential raw material for food industry, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of starch accumulation in developing CCSK is still unclear. In this study, we firstly analyzed the fruit development, starch accumulation, and microscopic observation of dynamic accumulation of starch granules of developing CCSK from 10 days after flowering (DAF) to 100 DAF, of which six representative CCSK samples (50–100 DAF) were selected for transcriptome sequencing analysis. Approximately 40 million valid reads were obtained, with an average length of 124.95 bp, which were searched against a reference genome, returning 38,146 unigenes (mean size = 1164.19 bp). Using the DESeq method, 1968, 1573, 1187, 1274, and 1494 differentially expressed unigenes were identified at 60:50, 70:60, 80:70, 90:80 and 100:90 DAF, respectively. The relationship between the unigene transcriptional profiles and starch dynamic patterns in developing CCSK was comparatively analyzed, and the specific unigenes encoding for metabolic enzymes (SUSY2, PGM, PGI, GPT, NTT, AGP3, AGP2, GBSS1, SS1, SBE1, SBE2.1, SBE2.2, ISA1, ISA2, ISA3, and PHO) were characterized to be involved potentially in the biosynthesis of G-1-P, ADPG, and starch. Finally, the temporal transcript profiles of genes encoding key enzymes (susy2, pgi2, gpt1, agp2, agp3, gbss1, ss1, sbe1, sbe2.1, sbe2.2, isa1, isa2, isa3, and pho) were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Our findings could help to reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism of starch accumulation in developing CCSK and may also provide potential candidate genes for increasing starch content in Chinese chestnut or other starchy crops.
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Wu Y, Ren Z, Gao C, Sun M, Li S, Min R, Wu J, Li D, Wang X, Wei Y, Xia Y. Change in Sucrose Cleavage Pattern and Rapid Starch Accumulation Govern Lily Shoot-to-Bulblet Transition in vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:564713. [PMID: 33519832 PMCID: PMC7840508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.564713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In bulb crops, bulbing is a key progress in micropropagation and is the feature that most distinguishes bulbous crops from other plants. Generally, bulbing involves a shoot-to-bulblet transition; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We explored this process by tracking the shoot-to-bulblet transition under different culture conditions. Rapid starch accumulation occurred at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) in the bulblet-inducing treatments as confirmed via histological observations and the significant elevation of starch synthesis related-gene transcription, including LohAGPS, LohAGPL, LohGBSS, LohSS, and LohSBE. However, for shoots that did not transition to bulblets and maintained the shoot status, much higher soluble sugars were detected. Interestingly, we observed a clear shift from invertase-catalyzed to sucrose synthase-catalyzed sucrose cleavage pattern based on the differential expression of LohCWIN and LohSuSy during the key transition stage (prior to and after bulbing at 0-15 DAT). Shoots that transitioned into bulblets showed significantly higher LohSuSy expression, especially LohSuSy4 expression, than shoots that did not transition. A symplastic phloem unloading pathway at the bulblet emergence stage (15 DAT) was verified via the 6(5)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate fluorescent tracer. We propose that starch is the fundamental compound in the shoot-to-bulblet transition and that starch synthesis is likely triggered by the switch from apoplastic to symplastic sucrose unloading, which may be related to sucrose depletion. Furthermore, this study is the first to provide a complete inventory of the genes involved in starch metabolism based on our transcriptome data. Two of these genes, LohAGPS1.2b and LohSSIIId, were verified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends cloning, and these data will provide additional support for Lilium research since whole genome is currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziming Ren
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Gao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Sun
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruihan Min
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dominguez PG, Donev E, Derba-Maceluch M, Bünder A, Hedenström M, Tomášková I, Mellerowicz EJ, Niittylä T. Sucrose synthase determines carbon allocation in developing wood and alters carbon flow at the whole tree level in aspen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:186-198. [PMID: 32491203 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ecological and industrial importance of biomass accumulation in wood, the control of carbon (C) allocation to this tissue and to other tree tissues remain poorly understood. We studied sucrose synthase (SUS) to clarify its role in biomass formation and C metabolism at the whole tree level in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). To this end, we analysed source leaves, phloem, developing wood, and roots of SUSRNAi trees using a combination of metabolite profiling, 13 CO2 pulse labelling experiments, and long-term field experiments. The glasshouse grown SUSRNAi trees exhibited a mild stem phenotype together with a reduction in wood total C. The 13 CO2 pulse labelling experiments showed an alteration in the C flow in all the analysed tissues, indicating that SUS affects C metabolism at the whole tree level. This was confirmed when the SUSRNAi trees were grown in the field over a 5-yr period; their stem height, diameter and biomass were substantially reduced. These results establish that SUS influences C allocation to developing wood, and that it affects C metabolism at the whole tree level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Guadalupe Dominguez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Evgeniy Donev
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Anne Bünder
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | | | - Ivana Tomášková
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
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Ding Z, Fu L, Tie W, Yan Y, Wu C, Dai J, Zhang J, Hu W. Highly dynamic, coordinated, and stage-specific profiles are revealed by a multi-omics integrative analysis during tuberous root development in cassava. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7003-7017. [PMID: 32777039 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is an important starchy root crop that provides food for millions of people worldwide, but little is known about the regulation of the development of its tuberous root at the multi-omics level. In this study, the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome were examined in parallel at seven time-points during the development of the tuberous root from the early to late stages of its growth. Overall, highly dynamic and stage-specific changes in the expression of genes/proteins were observed during development. Cell wall and auxin genes, which were regulated exclusively at the transcriptomic level, mainly functioned during the early stages. Starch biosynthesis, which was controlled at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels, was mainly activated in the early stages and was greatly restricted during the late stages. Two main branches of lignin biosynthesis, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, also functioned during the early stages of development at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Metabolomic analysis further supported the stage-specific roles of particular genes/proteins. Metabolites related to lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis showed high abundance during the early stages, those related to lipids exhibited high abundance at both the early and middle stages, while those related to amino acids were highly accumulated during the late stages. Our findings provide a comprehensive resource for broadening our understanding of tuberous root development and will facilitate future genetic improvement of cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Ding
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Lili Fu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chunlai Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Ji Y, Nuñez Ocaña D, Choe D, Larsen DH, Marcelis LFM, Heuvelink E. Far-red radiation stimulates dry mass partitioning to fruits by increasing fruit sink strength in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1914-1925. [PMID: 32654143 PMCID: PMC7754386 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Far-red (FR) light promotes fruit growth by increasing dry mass partitioning to fruits, but the mechanism behind this is unknown. We hypothesise that it is due to an increased fruit sink strength as FR radiation enhances sugar transportation and metabolism. Tomato plants were grown with or without 50-80 μmol m-2 s-1 of FR radiation added to a common background 150-170 μmol m-2 s-1 red + blue light-emitting diode lighting. Potential fruit growth, achieved by pruning each truss to one remaining fruit, was measured to quantify fruit sink strength. Model simulation was conducted to test whether the measured fruit sink strength quantitatively explained the FR effect on dry mass partitioning. Starch, sucrose, fructose and glucose content were measured. Expression levels of key genes involved in sugar transportation and metabolism were determined. FR radiation increased fruit sink strength by 38%, which, in model simulation, led to an increased dry mass partitioned to fruits that quantitatively agreed very well with measured partitioning. FR radiation increased fruit sugar concentration and upregulated the expression of genes associated with both sugar transportation and metabolism. This is the first study to demonstrate that FR radiation stimulates dry mass partitioning to fruits mainly by increasing fruit sink strength via simultaneous upregulation of sugar transportation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongran Ji
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Diego Nuñez Ocaña
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Daegeun Choe
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Dorthe H. Larsen
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Ep Heuvelink
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
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He W, Li J, Pu M, Xu ZG, Gan L. Response of photosynthate distribution in potato plants to different LED spectra. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:1128-1137. [PMID: 32951630 DOI: 10.1071/fp20131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although light is essential to photosynthesis, few studies have examined the effects of different LED spectra on photosynthate distribution in potato plants. Therefore, we exposed tuberising potato plants to white (W), red (R), blue (B) and green (G) LED treatments and compared tuber development and carbohydrate partitioning among the plants. R-treated plants had greater photosynthetic leaf area during tuber development compared with those under other treatments, thus enhancing assimilation. Although R-treated plants had higher 13C assimilation in the leaves, stems and roots than those under B treatment, there was no difference in partitioning of 13C assimilation and yield in the tubers of each plant between R and B treatments. For the tuber size, R-treated plants had a higher ratio of large tubers (>20 g) and a lower ratio of small (2-20 g) and medium-sized (10-20 g) tubers than those under W. B-treated plants had more medium-sized and large tubers than those under W. The reason may be that plants under R treatment distributed more assimilated 13C in their first tuber than those under other treatments. By contrast, plants under B balanced photosynthate distribution among their tubers. Leaves under G treatment had lower photosynthetic efficiency and ΦPSII than those under W, R or B treatment, which resulted in lower 13C photosynthate allocation in organs and lower tuber yield per plant than in R and B treatments. Overall, R treatment promoted 13C assimilation and led to more large tubers than other treatments. B-treated plants distributed more photosynthates into tubers rather than other organs and showed balanced tuber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- National Lighting Test Centre, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Min Pu
- Lumlux Corp., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215143, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Lijun Gan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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47
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Shi HD, Zhang WQ, Lu HY, Zhang WQ, Ye H, Liu DD. Functional characterization of a starch synthesis-related gene AmAGP in Amorphophallus muelleri. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1805903. [PMID: 32799608 PMCID: PMC7588197 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1805903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
has attracted tremendous interest because of its high contents of glucomannan and starch. Very few genes regulating glucomannan and starch were reported in Amorphophallus. In this study, an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) gene that plays a significant role in plant starch synthesis was cloned from Amorphophallus muelleri. It was shown that it encoded a predicted protein containing a conserved plant ADP-Glucose-PP repeat domain and seven potential ligand-binding sites. The real-time quantitative PCR showed that AmAGP was most abundant in tubers, and it was positively correlated with starch content. Additionally, its influencers about temperature and exogenous plant hormone were also discussed, showing that AmAGP expressed highly in tubers under treatments using 25°C and IAA. Furthermore, starch content was closely related to AmAGP expression level, suggesting that AmAGP was involved in the regulation of starch synthesis in A. muelleri. Therefore, identifying the sequence of AmAGP and its expression pattern during tuber enlarging and the changes of its transcript levels in response to temperature and plant hormones would contribute to a better understanding of starch synthesis, and also providing a reference information for future preferable breeding for obtaining more starch or more glucomannan in Amorphophallus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Di Shi
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wan-Qiao Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Ye Lu
- School of International Education, Baise University, Baise, China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, Xintai Modern Agricultural Development Service Center, Xintai, China
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Hou J, Liu Y, Hao C, Li T, Liu H, Zhang X. Starch Metabolism in Wheat: Gene Variation and Association Analysis Reveal Additive Effects on Kernel Weight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:562008. [PMID: 33123177 PMCID: PMC7573188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.562008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kernel weight is a key determinant of yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Starch consists of amylose and amylopectin and is the major constituent of mature grain. Therefore, starch metabolism in the endosperm during grain filling can influence kernel weight. In this study, we sequenced 87 genes involved in starch metabolism from 300 wheat accessions and detected 8,141 polymorphic sites. We also characterized yield-related traits across different years in these accessions. Although the starch contents fluctuated, thousand kernel weight (TKW) showed little variation. Polymorphisms in six genes were significantly associated with TKW. These genes were located on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 4A, and 7A; none were associated with starch content or amylose content. Variations of 15 genes on chromosomes 1A and 7A formed haplotype blocks in 26 accessions. Notably, accessions with higher TKWs had more of the favorable haplotypes. We thus conclude that these haplotypes contribute additive effects to TKW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yunchuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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Xie Y, Ying J, Xu L, Wang Y, Dong J, Chen Y, Tang M, Li C, M'mbone Muleke E, Liu L. Genome-wide sRNA and mRNA transcriptomic profiling insights into dynamic regulation of taproot thickening in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:373. [PMID: 32770962 PMCID: PMC7414755 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taproot is the main edible organ and ultimately determines radish yield and quality. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying taproot thickening awaits further investigation in radish. Here, RNA-seq was performed to identify critical genes involved in radish taproot thickening from three advanced inbred lines with different root size. RESULTS A total of 2606 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared between 'NAU-DY' (large acicular) and 'NAU-YB' (medium obovate), which were significantly enriched in 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis', 'glucosinolate biosynthesis', and 'starch and sucrose metabolism' pathway. Meanwhile, a total of 16 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were shared between 'NAU-DY' and 'NAU-YH' (small circular), whereas 12 miRNAs exhibited specific differential expression in 'NAU-DY'. Association analysis indicated that miR393a-bHLH77, miR167c-ARF8, and miR5658-APL might be key factors to biological phenomenon of taproot type variation, and a putative regulatory model of taproot thickening and development was proposed. Furthermore, several critical genes including SUS1, EXPB3, and CDC5 were characterized and profiled by RT-qPCR analysis. CONCLUSION This integrated study on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional profiles could provide new insights into comprehensive understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying taproot thickening in root vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jiali Ying
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mingjia Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Everlyne M'mbone Muleke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Sonnewald U, Fernie AR, Gruissem W, Schläpfer P, Anjanappa RB, Chang SH, Ludewig F, Rascher U, Muller O, van Doorn AM, Rabbi IY, Zierer W. The Cassava Source-Sink project: opportunities and challenges for crop improvement by metabolic engineering. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1655-1665. [PMID: 32502321 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the important staple foods in Sub-Saharan Africa. It produces starchy storage roots that provide food and income for several hundred million people, mainly in tropical agriculture zones. Increasing cassava storage root and starch yield is one of the major breeding targets with respect to securing the future food supply for the growing population of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Cassava Source-Sink (CASS) project aims to increase cassava storage root and starch yield by strategically integrating approaches from different disciplines. We present our perspective and progress on cassava as an applied research organism and provide insight into the CASS strategy, which can serve as a blueprint for the improvement of other root and tuber crops. Extensive profiling of different field-grown cassava genotypes generates information for leaf, phloem, and root metabolic and physiological processes that are relevant for biotechnological improvements. A multi-national pipeline for genetic engineering of cassava plants covers all steps from gene discovery, cloning, transformation, molecular and biochemical characterization, confined field trials, and phenotyping of the seasonal dynamics of shoot traits under field conditions. Together, the CASS project generates comprehensive data to facilitate conventional breeding strategies for high-yielding cassava genotypes. It also builds the foundation for genome-scale metabolic modelling aiming to predict targets and bottlenecks in metabolic pathways. This information is used to engineer cassava genotypes with improved source-sink relations and increased yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Pascal Schläpfer
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ravi B Anjanappa
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Shu-Heng Chang
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Leo-Brandt-Str, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Onno Muller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Leo-Brandt-Str, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Anna M van Doorn
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Leo-Brandt-Str, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Ismail Y Rabbi
- International Institue for Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, 200001, Nigeria
| | - Wolfgang Zierer
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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