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Whitla R, Hens K, Hogan J, Martin G, Breuker C, Shreeve TG, Arif S. The last days of Aporia crataegi (L.) in Britain: Evaluating genomic erosion in an extirpated butterfly. Mol Ecol 2024:e17518. [PMID: 39192591 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Current rates of habitat degradation and climate change are causing unprecedented declines in global biodiversity. Studies on vertebrates highlight how conservation genomics can be effective in identifying and managing threatened populations, but it is unclear how vertebrate-derived metrics of genomic erosion translate to invertebrates, with their markedly different population sizes and life histories. The Black-veined White butterfly (Aporia crataegi) was extirpated from Britain in the 1920s. Here, we sequenced historical DNA from 17 specimens collected between 1854 and 1924 to reconstruct demography and compare levels of genomic erosion between extirpated British and extant European mainland populations. We contrast these results using modern samples of the Common Blue butterfly (Polyommatus icarus); a species with relatively stable demographic trends in Great Britain. We provide evidence for bottlenecks in both these species around the period of post-glacial colonization of the British Isles. Our results reveal different demographic histories and Ne for both species, consistent with their fates in Britain, likely driven by differences in life history, ecology and genome size. Despite a difference, by an order of magnitude, in historical effective population sizes (Ne), reduction in genome-wide heterozygosity in A. crataegi was comparable to that in P. icarus. Symptomatic of A. crataegi's disappearance were marked increases in runs-of-homozygosity (RoH), potentially indicative of recent inbreeding, and accumulation of putatively mildly and weakly deleterious variants. Our results provide a rare glimpse of genomic erosion in a regionally extinct insect and support the potential use of genomic erosion metrics in identifying invertebrate populations or species in decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Whitla
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Korneel Hens
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - James Hogan
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK
| | - Geoff Martin
- Insects Division, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Casper Breuker
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy G Shreeve
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Saad Arif
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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2
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Madhusudhana S, Klinck H, Symes LB. Extensive data engineering to the rescue: building a multi-species katydid detector from unbalanced, atypical training datasets. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230444. [PMID: 38705172 PMCID: PMC11070257 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a powerful tool for studying ecosystems. However, its effective application in tropical environments, particularly for insects, poses distinct challenges. Neotropical katydids produce complex species-specific calls, spanning mere milliseconds to seconds and spread across broad audible and ultrasonic frequencies. However, subtle differences in inter-pulse intervals or central frequencies are often the only discriminatory traits. These extremities, coupled with low source levels and susceptibility to masking by ambient noise, challenge species identification in PAM recordings. This study aimed to develop a deep learning-based solution to automate the recognition of 31 katydid species of interest in a biodiverse Panamanian forest with over 80 katydid species. Besides the innate challenges, our efforts were also encumbered by a limited and imbalanced initial training dataset comprising domain-mismatched recordings. To overcome these, we applied rigorous data engineering, improving input variance through controlled playback re-recordings and by employing physics-based data augmentation techniques, and tuning signal-processing, model and training parameters to produce a custom well-fit solution. Methods developed here are incorporated into Koogu, an open-source Python-based toolbox for developing deep learning-based bioacoustic analysis solutions. The parametric implementations offer a valuable resource, enhancing the capabilities of PAM for studying insects in tropical ecosystems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Madhusudhana
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0001, USA
| | - Holger Klinck
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0001, USA
| | - Laurel B. Symes
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0001, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama City 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
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3
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Martins ARP, Warren NB, McMillan WO, Barrett RDH. Spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:328-353. [PMID: 37596954 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novel insights for evolution and conservation biology. Butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to environmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zone origins and maintenance. Here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones, with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms that could lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidence used to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated with the stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained using different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, we discuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, the relevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda R Pereira Martins
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama City, Panama
| | - Natalie B Warren
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama City, Panama
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Hellwig N, Sommerlandt FMJ, Grabener S, Lindermann L, Sickel W, Krüger L, Dieker P. Six Steps towards a Spatial Design for Large-Scale Pollinator Surveillance Monitoring. INSECTS 2024; 15:229. [PMID: 38667359 PMCID: PMC11049859 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of pollinators to ecosystem functioning and human food production, comprehensive pollinator monitoring data are still lacking across most regions of the world. Policy-makers have recently prioritised the development of large-scale monitoring programmes for pollinators to better understand how populations respond to land use, environmental change and restoration measures in the long term. Designing such a monitoring programme is challenging, partly because it requires both ecological knowledge and advanced knowledge in sampling design. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework to facilitate the spatial sampling design of large-scale surveillance monitoring. The system is designed to detect changes in pollinator species abundances and richness, focusing on temperate agroecosystems. The sampling design needs to be scientifically robust to address questions of agri-environmental policy at the scales of interest. To this end, we followed a six-step procedure as follows: (1) defining the spatial sampling units, (2) defining and delimiting the monitoring area, (3) deciding on the general sampling strategy, (4) determining the sample size, (5) specifying the sampling units per sampling interval, and (6) specifying the pollinator survey plots within each sampling unit. As a case study, we apply this framework to the "Wild bee monitoring in agricultural landscapes of Germany" programme. We suggest this six-step procedure as a conceptual guideline for the spatial sampling design of future large-scale pollinator monitoring initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hellwig
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (F.M.J.S.); (S.G.); (L.L.); (W.S.); (L.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Frank M. J. Sommerlandt
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (F.M.J.S.); (S.G.); (L.L.); (W.S.); (L.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Swantje Grabener
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (F.M.J.S.); (S.G.); (L.L.); (W.S.); (L.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Lara Lindermann
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (F.M.J.S.); (S.G.); (L.L.); (W.S.); (L.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Wiebke Sickel
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (F.M.J.S.); (S.G.); (L.L.); (W.S.); (L.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Lasse Krüger
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (F.M.J.S.); (S.G.); (L.L.); (W.S.); (L.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Petra Dieker
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (F.M.J.S.); (S.G.); (L.L.); (W.S.); (L.K.); (P.D.)
- National Monitoring Centre for Biodiversity, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Alte Messe 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Wang S, Girardello M, Zhang W. Potential and progress of studying mountain biodiversity by means of butterfly genetics and genomics. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:292-301. [PMID: 37302475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mountains are rich in biodiversity, and butterflies are species-rich and have a good ecological and evolutionary research foundation. This review addresses the potential and progress of studying mountain biodiversity using butterflies as a model. We discuss the uniqueness of mountain ecosystems, factors influencing the distribution of mountain butterflies, representative genetic and evolutionary models in butterfly research, and evolutionary studies of mountain biodiversity involving butterfly genetics and genomics. Finally, we demonstrate the necessity of studying mountain butterflies and propose future perspectives. This review provides insights for studying the biodiversity of mountain butterflies as well as a summary of research methods for reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Marco Girardello
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e do Ambiente, Universidade dos Açores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Portugal
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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Sing AK, Guderjan L, Lemke K, Wiemers M, Schmitt T, Wendt M. Different ecological demands shape differences in population structure and behaviour among the two generations of the small pearl-bordered fritillary. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16965. [PMID: 38426142 PMCID: PMC10903349 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The population structure and behaviour of univoltine butterfly species have been studied intensively. However, much less is known about bivoltine species. In particular, in-depth studies of the differences in population structure, behaviour, and ecology between these two generations are largely lacking. Therefore, we here present a mark-release-recapture study of two successive generations of the fritillary butterfly Boloria selene performed in eastern Brandenburg (Germany). We revealed intersexual and intergenerational differences regarding behaviour, dispersal, population characteristics, and protandry. The observed population densities were higher in the second generation. The flight activity of females decreased in the second generation, but remained unchanged in males. This was further supported by the rate of wing decay. The first generation displayed a linear correlation between wing decay and passed time in both sexes, whereas the linear correlation was lost in second-generation females. The proportion of resting individuals in both sexes increased in the second generation, as well as the number of nectaring females. The choice of plant genera used for nectaring seems to be more specialised in the first and more opportunistic in the second generation. The average flight distances were generally higher for females than for males and overall higher in the first generation. Predictions of long-distance movements based on the inverse power function were also generally higher in females than in males but lower in the first generation. Additionally, we found protandry only in the first but not in the second generation, which might correlate with the different developmental pathways of the two generations. These remarkable differences between both generations might reflect an adaptation to the different ecological demands during the flight season and the different tasks they have, i.e., growth in the spring season; dispersal and colonisation of new habitats during the summer season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Sing
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Guderjan
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
- Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klara Lemke
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences, Zittau/Görlitz, Germany
| | - Martin Wiemers
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Wendt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
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7
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Rowe HI, Johnson B, Broatch J, Cruz TMP, Prudic KL. Winter Rains Support Butterfly Diversity, but Summer Monsoon Rainfall Drives Post-Monsoon Butterfly Abundance in the Arid Southwest of the US. INSECTS 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 38276819 PMCID: PMC10816195 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Butterfly populations are declining worldwide, reflecting our current global biodiversity crisis. Because butterflies are a popular and accurate indicator of insect populations, these declines reflect an even more widespread threat to insects and the food webs upon which they rely. As small ectotherms, insects have a narrow range of habitable conditions; hence, extreme fluctuations and shifts caused by climate change may increase insects' risk of extinction. We evaluated trends of butterfly richness and abundance and their relationship with relevant climate variables in Arizona, U.S.A., using the past 40 years of community science data. We focused on precipitation and temperature as they are known to be influential for insect survival, particularly in arid areas like southwestern U.S.A. We found that preceding winter precipitation is a driver of both spring and summer/fall butterfly richness and spring butterfly abundance. In contrast, summer/fall butterfly abundance was driven by summer monsoon precipitations. The statistically significant declines over the 40-year period were summer/fall butterfly abundance and spring butterfly richness. When controlling for the other variables in the model, there was an average annual 1.81% decline in summer/fall season butterfly abundance and an average annual decline of 2.13 species in the spring season. As climate change continues to negatively impact winter precipitation patterns in this arid region, we anticipate the loss of butterfly species in this region and must consider individual butterfly species trends and additional management and conservation needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ivy Rowe
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Parsons Field Institute, McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, Scottsdale, AZ 85260, USA
| | - Bradly Johnson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University West, Phoenix, AZ 85069, USA (J.B.)
| | - Jennifer Broatch
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University West, Phoenix, AZ 85069, USA (J.B.)
| | - Terese Maxine Papag Cruz
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (T.M.P.C.); (K.L.P.)
| | - Kathleen L. Prudic
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (T.M.P.C.); (K.L.P.)
- Arizona Institute for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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8
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Gil-Tapetado D, López-Collar D, Gómez JF, Mañani-Pérez J, Cabrero-Sañudo FJ, Muñoz J. Climate change as a driver of insect invasions: Dispersal patterns of a dragonfly species colonizing a new region. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291270. [PMID: 37708166 PMCID: PMC10501572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dragonfly Trithemis kirbyi Sélys, 1891 recently colonized Western Europe from North Africa. Since its first record in the Iberian Peninsula in 2007, the species has been spreading northward and has become naturally established in the central and eastern Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands and southern France. Despite its worldwide distribution, its rapid colonization of the western Mediterranean area occurred only very recently. The aims of this study were to evaluate (1) whether the species' colonization of the western Mediterranean is related to climate change and rising temperatures, specifically the summer warming peaks that have occurred in the last decade, (2) which climatic variables have most influenced its distribution and dispersal, and (3) its potential future dispersal and colonization capacity towards the eastern Mediterranean. We found that the dispersal and recent establishment of T. kirbyi in southwestern Europe strongly depends on increasing temperatures, particularly summer temperature peaks, which has allowed this species to disperse farther and more effectively than during years with average summer temperatures. The most important variable in the suitability models is the minimum temperature of the coldest month, which, in recent decades, has become less of a limiting factor for ectotherms. According to the models, suitable areas for the species are currently found throughout the eastern Mediterranean parts of Europe, and it is likely that it can naturally colonize these areas as it did in the Iberian Peninsula. Trithemis kirbyi is a model of how climate change and observed rising temperatures have turned previously inhospitable regions into suitable areas for exotic species, which may successfully colonize them naturally if they can reach these promising lands on their own. However, this study serves as a warning that such species can also colonize these new regions with a little help from unsuspecting means, which are often responsible for the increasingly common presence of invasive, noxious taxa in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gil-Tapetado
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego López-Collar
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José F. Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Mañani-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Cabrero-Sañudo
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Muñoz
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Park SH, Kim JH, Kim JG. Effects of human activities on Sericinus montela and its host plant Aristolochia contorta. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8289. [PMID: 37217596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sericinus montela, a globally threatened butterfly species, feeds exclusively on Aristolochia contorta (Northern pipevine). Field surveys and glasshouse experiments were conducted to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the two species. Interviews with the persons concerned with A. contorta were conducted to collect information about the site management measures. We found that management practices to control invasive species and manage the riverine areas might reduce the coverage of A. contorta and the number of eggs and larvae of S. montela. Our results indicated that the degraded quality of A. contorta may result in a decrease in S. montela populations by diminishing their food source and spawning sites. This study implies that ecological management in the riverine area should be set up to protect rare species and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hyun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Education Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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McQuigg JL, Kissner K, Boone MD. Exposure to Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Alters Terrestrial Growth and Feeding Rate in Metamorphic Anurans. J HERPETOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1670/21-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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11
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Choi J, Park C, Kim S, Song W, Song Y, Kil S. Habitat probability prediction of umbrella species in urban ecosystems including habitat suitability of prey species. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-023-00550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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12
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Li S, Zhu Y, Xu Z, Chen L, Wang W, Cheng Z. The phylogeny and divergence time of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and its host insects based on elongation factor 1 alpha. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:98. [PMID: 36853446 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis Berk. is a fungal parasite that parasitizes the larvae of Hepialidae and is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The phylogeny and divergence time of O. sinensis and its host insects were analyzed for 137 individuals from 48 O. sinensis populations based on the elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) gene. Lower nucleotide variation, with only 7 and 16 EF-1α haplotypes, was detected in O. sinensis and its host insects, respectively. The isolated and broad distribution patterns coexisted in both O. sinensis and its host insects on the QTP. The divergence time estimates show that O. sinensis and its host insects originated later than 14.33 million years (Myr) and earlier than 23.60 Myr in the Miocene period, and the major differentiation occurred later than 4 Myr. Their origin and differentiation match well with the second and third uplifts of the QTP, respectively. The host insects from the O. sinensis populations distributed around Qinghai Lake are inferred as an ancient and relict species that has survived various geological events of the QTP. It is suitable to estimate the divergence times of both O. sinensis and its host insects from the same individuals using one gene: EF-1α. Our findings of the origin, phylogeny, and evolution of the endemic species also support the epoch of geological events on the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunguo Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixian Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Ceia-Hasse A, Boieiro M, Soares A, Antunes S, Figueiredo H, Rego C, Borges PA, Conde J, Serrano AR. Drivers of Insect Community Change along the Margins of Mountain Streams in Serra da Estrela Natural Park (Portugal). INSECTS 2023; 14:243. [PMID: 36975928 PMCID: PMC10058670 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mountain ecosystems are important biodiversity hotspots and valuable natural laboratories to study community assembly processes. Here, we analyze the diversity patterns of butterflies and odonates in a mountainous area of high conservation value-Serra da Estrela Natural Park (Portugal)-and we assess the drivers of community change for each of the two insect groups. The butterflies and odonates were sampled along 150 m transects near the margins of three mountain streams, at three elevation levels (500, 1000, and 1500 m). We found no significant differences in odonate species richness between elevations, but marginal differences (p = 0.058) were found for butterflies due to the lower number of species at high altitudes. Both insect groups showed significant differences in beta diversity (βtotal) between elevations, with species richness differences being the most important component for odonates (βrich = 55.2%), while species replacement drove the changes between butterfly assemblages (βrepl = 60.3%). Climatic factors, particularly those depicting harsher conditions of temperature and precipitation, were the best predictors of total beta diversity (βtotal) and its components (βrich, βrepl) for the two study groups. The study of insect biodiversity patterns in mountain ecosystems and of the role played by different predictors contribute to further our understanding on the community assembly processes and may help to better predict environmental change impacts on mountain biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ceia-Hasse
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Boieiro
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, 9700-042 Azores, Portugal
| | - Albano Soares
- Tagis—Centro de Conservação das Borboletas de Portugal, 7480-152 Avis, Portugal
| | - Sandra Antunes
- Tagis—Centro de Conservação das Borboletas de Portugal, 7480-152 Avis, Portugal
| | - Hugo Figueiredo
- Centro de Interpretação da Serra da Estrela/Município de Seia, 6270-423 Seia, Portugal
| | - Carla Rego
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo A.V. Borges
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, 9700-042 Azores, Portugal
| | - José Conde
- Centro de Interpretação da Serra da Estrela/Município de Seia, 6270-423 Seia, Portugal
| | - Artur R.M. Serrano
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Vélová L, Véle A, Peltanová A, Šafářová L, Menendéz R, Horák J. High‐, medium‐, and low‐dispersal animal taxa communities in fragmented urban grasslands. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vélová
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Adam Véle
- Forestry & Game Management Research Institute Jíloviště Czech Republic
| | - Alena Peltanová
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Šafářová
- East Bohemian Museum in Pardubice Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Rosa Menendéz
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Jakub Horák
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of Hradec Králové Hradec Králové Czech Republic
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15
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Marull J, Pino J, Melero Y, Tello E. Using thermodynamics to understand the links between energy, information, structure and biodiversity in a human-transformed landscape. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Klimova A, Rodríguez‐Estrella R, Meng G, Gutiérrez‐Rivera JN, Jimenez‐Jimenez ML, Liu S. Metabarcoding reveals seasonal and spatial patterns of arthropod community assemblages in two contrasting habitats: Desert and oasis of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. DIVERS DISTRIB 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Klimova
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C. La Paz Mexico
| | | | - Guanliang Meng
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change Bonn Germany
| | | | | | - Shanlin Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University Beijing China
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17
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Bond S, Vardon M. Biodiversity accounts for the butterflies of the Australian Capital Territory. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suzi Bond
- Centre for Environmental and Satellite Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics Belconnen ACT Australia
- Fenner School of Environmental Science and Society Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- Australian National Insect Collection CSIRO Black Mountain Black Mountain ACT Australia
| | - Michael Vardon
- Fenner School of Environmental Science and Society Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
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18
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Duran DP, Timar M, Rothauser B. Single Night Surveys of Moth Communities Can Serve as Ultra-Rapid Biodiversity Assessments. INSECTS 2022; 13:1135. [PMID: 36555045 PMCID: PMC9781280 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation decisions are typically based on limited data and resources. For this reason, there is great interest in surveying taxa that may allow for a rapid assessment of the biodiversity at a site. Numerous taxa have been proposed and utilized for rapid assessments that allow for such a survey in a matter of weeks or less. Herein, we test the idea that nocturnal moths have many of the characteristics that make them ideal for such surveys, such as relative ease of identification, strong ecological association with specific plant species and habitats, high alpha diversity, extended seasonal activity, and ease of trapping. We demonstrate that even in a few hours of sampling during single night surveys, moth communities are predictive of regional forest types at sampling sites in New Jersey. We sampled moths in five different forest habitats in New Jersey, USA: Pine Barrens, Upland Deciduous Forest, Palustrine Deciduous Forest, Maritime Forest, and Ruderal/Disturbed Forests, at four sites per forest type. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses revealed that moth communities differ significantly across these four forest types (p < 0.01). We used Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) R tests to quantify the degree of differentiation among moth communities, and found that Tortricidae (R = 0.657) and Geometridae (R = 0.637) predict forest communities nearly as well as the total moth diversity (R = 0.668). Uncommon species (R = 0.665) were better predictors than common species (R = 0.500). Host plant generalists (R = 0.654) were better predictors than specialists (0.538), which was a surprising find.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Duran
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08210, USA
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19
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Fumy F, Fartmann T. Low-intensity land use fosters species richness of threatened butterflies and grasshoppers in mires and grasslands. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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20
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Leone JB, Pennarola NP, Larson JL, Oberhauser K, Larson DL. Divergent responses of butterflies and bees to burning and grazing management in tallgrass prairies. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9532. [PMID: 36479035 PMCID: PMC9719824 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Butterflies and bees contribute significantly to grassland biodiversity and play important roles as pollinators and herbivores. Grassland conservation and management must be seen through the lens of insect conservation and management if these species are to thrive. In North America, grasslands are a product of climate and natural disturbances such as fire and grazing. These natural disturbances have changed considerably since European colonization and subsequent landscape fragmentation. The aim of this study was to better understand the impacts of fire and grazing management on butterfly and bee communities in tallgrass prairie, enabling land managers and conservationists to better protect and manage remnant prairie. We examined butterfly and bee abundance, species richness, and diversity in Minnesota tallgrass prairies managed by grazing or fire. In 2016 and 2017, we surveyed butterflies, bees, vegetation, and surrounding land use at 20 remnant prairies (10 burned and 10 grazed) with known management histories. Butterfly and bee abundance at our study sites were significantly negatively correlated. Butterfly abundance, but not species richness, was higher in burned than grazed prairies, and prairie-associated grass-feeding butterflies were more abundant at sites with higher plant species richness. Bee abundance was unrelated to management type but was higher at sites with sandier soils; bee species richness was positively associated with forb frequency. These findings highlight the challenges of designing management plans tailored to wide groups of pollinators and the potential pitfalls of using one group of pollinators as indicators for another. They also point to the importance of a mosaic of management practices across the prairie landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B. Leone
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Jennifer L. Larson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research CenterSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Karen Oberhauser
- University of Wisconsin Arboretum, University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Diane L. Larson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research CenterSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
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21
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Shere-Kharwar AS, Magdum SM, Khedkar G, Supriya Singh Gupta. Diversity patterns and seasonality of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2022. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.7511.14.11.22105-22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As most of the biodiversity studies report the abundance and enlist the species, there is severe data deficiency in understanding the diversity patterns. The present study was designed to carry out periodic diversity assessments to understand the trends in diversity patterns of hawk moths. The study was carried out in the northern Western Ghats in Nashik district. Seven sampling stations were identified and periodic visits to these places were carried out over the span of five years (2011–2015). A total of 463 moths were recorded belonging to 18 species, represented by 10 genera. A new record from Western Ghat, Theretra sumatrensis (Joicey & Kaye 1917) is reported for the first time along with its DNA barcode. Six diversity indices (four alpha diversity indices and two beta diversity indices) were employed to understand the diversity dynamics. Whittaker’s plot was generated using the rank abundance suggesting high species evenness for all sampling stations. Maximum diversity was observed during Monsoon. Wani was the most diverse sampling station throughout the study period (Shannon’s Index = 2.7132±0.060; Simpson’s Index = 0.9273±0.006; Brillouin’s Index = 2.252±0.089; Fisher’s alpha = 10.9472±1.685). Beta diversity was assessed with the help of Dice’s coefficient and Jaccard’s similarity index. Hence, we recommend rigorous periodic diversity assessments to generate adequate information about diversity that expedites conservational strategies’ pace.
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22
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Franke S, Pinkert S, Brandl R, Thorn S. Modeling the extinction risk of European butterflies and odonates. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9465. [PMID: 36381396 PMCID: PMC9643075 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect populations have become increasingly threatened during the last decades due to climate change and landuse intensification. Species characteristics driving these threats remain poorly understood. Trait-based analyses provide a straight-forward approach to gain a mechanistic understanding of species' extinction risk, guiding the development of conservation strategies. We combined morphological traits and phylogenetic relationship for 332 European species of butterflies and 115 species of odonates (dragon and damselflies) to model their red list status via phylogenetically controlled ordered logistic regression. We hypothesized that extinction risk increases with increasing body volume and wing area, decreasing range size, and is larger for brighter species. All investigated traits exhibited a strong phylogenetic signal. When controlling for phylogenetic relationship, we found that extinction risk of butterflies increased with decreasing range size. The extinction risk of odonates showed no relationship with the selected traits. Our results show that there is no universal trait defining the extinction risk of our investigated insect taxa. Furthermore, evolutionary history, measured as the phylogenetically predicted part of our analyzed traits, poorly predicted extinction risk. Our study confirms the focus of conservation measures on European butterfly species with small range sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Franke
- Department of Animal Ecology, Faculty of BiologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Stefan Pinkert
- Department of Conservation Ecology, Faculty of BiologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Roland Brandl
- Department of Animal Ecology, Faculty of BiologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and GeologyState Institute for the Protection of BirdsGießenGermany
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23
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Pislak Ocepek M, Glavan G, Verovnik R, Šimenc L, Toplak I. First Detection of Honeybee Pathogenic Viruses in Butterflies. INSECTS 2022; 13:925. [PMID: 36292873 PMCID: PMC9604290 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several pathogens are important causes of the observed pollinator decline, some of which could be transmitted between different pollinator species. To determine whether honeybee viruses can be transmitted to butterflies, a total of 120 butterflies were sampled at four locations in Slovenia. At each location, butterflies from three families (Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae/Lycenidae) and Carniolan honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica) were collected. The RNA of six honeybee viruses, i.e., acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus A (DWV-A), Sacbrood bee virus (SBV), and Lake Sinai virus 3 (LSV3), was detected by a specific quantitative method (RT-PCR). The presence of ABPV, BQCV, LSV3, and SBV was detected in both butterflies and honeybees. All butterfly and bee samples were negative for CBPV, while DWV-A was detected only in honeybees. The viral load in the positive butterfly samples was much lower than in the positive bee samples, which could indicate that butterflies are passive carriers of bee viruses. The percentage of positive butterfly samples was higher when the butterflies were collected at sampling sites with a higher density of apiaries. Therefore, we believe that infected bees are a necessary condition for the presence of viruses in cohabiting butterflies. This is the first study on the presence of pathogenic bee viruses in butterflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Pislak Ocepek
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gordana Glavan
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rudi Verovnik
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Laura Šimenc
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Toplak
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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24
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Martelli F, Paradiso F, Ghidotti S, Viterbi R, Cerrato C, Bonelli S. Invasion patterns and niche comparison of the butterfly Cacyreus marshalli among native and non-native range. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlien species introduction is a global phenomenon involving different invasion patterns and is characterized by niche conservatism or shift. We describe the spatial distribution of Cacyreus marshalli Butler, [1898] (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in its native (southern Africa) and invaded (Europe) ranges. C. marshalli is the only alien butterfly in Europe, introduced by the trade of ornamental Pelargonium plants, and might threaten native lycaenids because of the chance of its naturalization on indigenous Geranium spp. In Europe, C. marshalli is widespread in the Mediterranean basin, but absent in northern countries. We investigate invasion patterns and their temporal dynamics in Italy, the most extensively invaded country, identifying three phases and different rates of spread resulting from multiple introductions and human-mediated movements. We also characterize and compare the native and invasive ecological niches of C. marshalli with a multivariate approach based on bioclimatic, ecological and human demographic variables. The little overlap between the native and invaded niches (12.6%) indicates a shift in the realized niche of C. marshalli. While the expansion potential of C. marshalli in Europe remains constrained by the distribution of suitable host plants, our niche comparison analysis suggests the species has already invaded new ecological and climatic spaces. This includes colder areas than would be suggested by its native distribution in Africa.
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25
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Hierarchical classification of pollinating flying insects under changing environments. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Saouli H, Boucif A, Djabourabi R, Soualah Alila H. Butterflies' biodiversity of Souk Ahras Forest (Mechroha and Ouled Driss North east of Algeria). Afr J Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Saouli
- Biology Department Mouhamed Cherif Messadia University Souk‐Ahras Algeria
| | - Abdelhak Boucif
- Laboratory Biology Water and Environment University 8 Mai 1945 Guelma Guelma Algeria
| | - Ryma Djabourabi
- Biology Department Mouhamed Cherif Messadia University Souk‐Ahras Algeria
| | - Hana Soualah Alila
- Biology Department Mouhamed Cherif Messadia University Souk‐Ahras Algeria
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27
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Kaczmarek M, Entling MH, Hoffmann C. Using Malaise Traps and Metabarcoding for Biodiversity Assessment in Vineyards: Effects of Weather and Trapping Effort. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060507. [PMID: 35735844 PMCID: PMC9224819 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabarcoding is a powerful tool for ecological studies and monitoring that might provide a solution to the time-consuming taxonomic identification of the vast diversity of insects. Here, we assess how ambient weather conditions during Malaise trap exposure and the effort of trapping affect biomass and taxa richness in vineyards. Biomass varied by more than twofold with weather conditions. It increased with warmer and drier weather but was not significantly related with wind or precipitation. Taxa richness showed a saturating relationship with increasing trapping duration and was influenced by environmental and seasonal effects. Taxa accumulation was high, increasing fourfold from three days of monthly trap exposure compared to continuous trapping and nearly sixfold from sampling at a single site compared to 32 sites. The limited saturation was mainly due to a large number of singletons, such as rare species, in the metabarcoding dataset. Metabarcoding can be key for long-term insect monitoring. We conclude that single traps operated for up to ten days per month are suitable to monitor the presence of common species. However, more intensive trapping is necessary for a good representation of rare species in biodiversity monitoring. The data collected here can potentially guide the design of monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Kaczmarek
- Julius Kühn Institute—Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, D-76833 Siebeldingen, Germany;
- Institute for Environmental Sciences—iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin H. Entling
- Institute for Environmental Sciences—iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany;
| | - Christoph Hoffmann
- Julius Kühn Institute—Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, D-76833 Siebeldingen, Germany;
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28
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Ingestional Toxicity of Radiation-Dependent Metabolites of the Host Plant for the Pale Grass Blue Butterfly: A Mechanism of Field Effects of Radioactive Pollution in Fukushima. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050615. [PMID: 35629283 PMCID: PMC9146399 DOI: 10.3390/life12050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident have been reported in various organisms, including the pale grass blue butterfly Zizeeria maha and its host plant Oxalis corniculata. This plant upregulates various secondary metabolites in response to low-dose radiation exposure, which may contribute to the high mortality and abnormality rates of the butterfly in Fukushima. However, this field effect hypothesis has not been experimentally tested. Here, using an artificial diet for larvae, we examined the ingestional toxicity of three radiation-dependent plant metabolites annotated in a previous metabolomic study: lauric acid (a saturated fatty acid), alfuzosin (an adrenergic receptor antagonist), and ikarugamycin (an antibiotic likely from endophytic bacteria). Ingestion of lauric acid or alfuzosin caused a significant decrease in the pupation, eclosion (survival), and normality rates, indicating toxicity of these compounds. Lauric acid made the egg-larval days significantly longer, indicating larval growth retardation. In contrast, ikarugamycin caused a significant increase in the pupation and eclosion rates, probably due to the protection of the diet from fungi and bacteria. These results suggest that at least some of the radiation-dependent plant metabolites, such as lauric acid, contribute to the deleterious effects of radioactive pollution on the butterfly in Fukushima, providing experimental evidence for the field effect hypothesis.
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29
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Yamasako J, Kiritani K, Makihara H, Yamanaka T. Long-term survey of longhorn beetles revealed changes in faunal features in Ito on the Izu peninsula. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263761. [PMID: 35180253 PMCID: PMC8856520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term biodiversity monitoring is essential for unveiling the impact of environmental changes on local fauna. Although private local records can contribute significantly to biodiversity evaluation, they are seldom published in scientific journals. In this study, a retired scientist recorded the longhorn beetles (Distiniidae and Cerambycidae) present in Ito on the Izu peninsula, Japan, for 12 years. The records showed the dynamical changes in longhorn beetles, which indicated the environmental changes around the survey site over 12 years. We also compared the longhorn beetle composition in the Ito study site to those in the survey records in 13 other locations in Kanto, Japan. We found that the species composition in Ito was stable throughout the 12 years, while the general composition in Ito reflected the land-use pattern of urban areas and the collecting methods. The species composition in the Ito study site differed from that in some of the other satoyama locations (human-influenced natural environment), but this was possibly due to methodological differences. Long-term backyard biodiversity surveys, especially those conducted by retired professionals, can play important roles in future investigations of insect groups, such as longhorn beetles, even if they are not agricultural pests nor endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsuke Yamasako
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Makihara
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yamanaka
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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30
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Local adaptation to climate anomalies relates to species phylogeny. Commun Biol 2022; 5:143. [PMID: 35177761 PMCID: PMC8854402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic anomalies are increasing in intensity and frequency due to rapid rates of global change, leading to increased extinction risk for many species. The impacts of anomalies are likely to vary between species due to different degrees of sensitivity and extents of local adaptation. Here, we used long-term butterfly monitoring data of 143 species across six European bioclimatic regions to show how species’ population dynamics have responded to local or globally-calculated climatic anomalies, and how species attributes mediate these responses. Contrary to expectations, degree of apparent local adaptation, estimated from the relative population sensitivity to local versus global anomalies, showed no associations with species mobility or reproductive rate but did contain a strong phylogenetic signal. The existence of phylogenetically-patterned local adaptation to climate has important implications for forecasting species responses to current and future climatic conditions and for developing appropriate conservation practices. Melero et al. investigate butterfly responses to climatic anomalies from long-term monitoring observations in the field. They found the degree of adaptation to local fluctuations in climate had a strong phylogenetic signal but was not associated with mobility or reproductive rate of a species.
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31
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LeGrice RJ, Ward DF, Holwell GI. Coastal Diptera species and communities and their geographic distribution in Aotearoa|New Zealand. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2021.2017304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. LeGrice
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren F. Ward
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory I. Holwell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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32
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van Klink R, Bowler DE, Gongalsky KB, Chase JM. Long-term abundance trends of insect taxa are only weakly correlated. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20210554. [PMID: 35193369 PMCID: PMC8864342 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the abundances of animals, such as with the ongoing concern about insect declines, are often assumed to be general across taxa. However, this assumption is largely untested. Here, we used a database of assemblage-wide long-term insect and arachnid monitoring to compare abundance trends among co-occurring pairs of taxa. We show that 60% of co-occurring taxa qualitatively showed long-term trends in the same direction-either both increasing or both decreasing. However, in terms of magnitude, temporal trends were only weakly correlated (mean freshwater r = 0.05 (±0.03), mean terrestrial r = 0.12 (±0.09)). The strongest correlation was between trends of beetles and those of moths/butterflies (r = 0.26). Overall, even though there is some support for directional similarity in temporal trends, we find that changes in the abundance of one taxon provide little information on the changes of other taxa. No clear candidate for umbrella or indicator taxa emerged from our analysis. We conclude that obtaining a better picture of changes in insect abundances will require monitoring of multiple taxa, which remains uncommon, especially in the terrestrial realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity research – iDiv - Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University-Halle Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana E. Bowler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity research – iDiv - Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstantin B. Gongalsky
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity research – iDiv - Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University-Halle Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Liu X, Wang X, Bai M, Shaw JJ. Decrease in Carabid Beetles in Grasslands of Northwestern China: Further Evidence of Insect Biodiversity Loss. INSECTS 2021; 13:35. [PMID: 35055878 PMCID: PMC8777739 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ground-dwelling beetles are important functional components in nutrient-poor grasslands of middle temperate steppe ecosystems in China. Here, we assessed the changes in ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities in the grasslands of northwestern China over 12 years to improve the management and conservation of beetles all over the world. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to estimate the changes in carabid beetle communities in two regions: a desert steppe (Yanchi region), and a typical steppe and meadow steppe (Guyuan region). During the 12-year investigation, a total of 34 species were captured. We found that species abundance and richness per survey declined by 0.2 and 11.2%, respectively. Precipitation was the main factor affecting the distribution of carabid beetles. A distinct decline in carabid beetle species in the Yanchi region indicated that they may be threatened by less precipitation and loss of habitat, which could be due to climate change. Overall, species richness was stable in the Guyuan region. It is necessary to estimate and monitor the changes in carabid beetle communities in a temperate steppe of northern China and to protect them. Extensive desertification seriously threatens the distribution of carabid beetles. Future research should develop methods to protect carabid beetle communities in temperate steppes in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Xinpu Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Ming Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Josh Jenkins Shaw
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
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Mammola S, Pétillon J, Hacala A, Monsimet J, Marti S, Cardoso P, Lafage D. Challenges and opportunities of species distribution modelling of terrestrial arthropod predators. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (RSA) National Research Council (CNR) Verbania Pallanza Italy
| | | | - Axel Hacala
- UMR ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | - Jérémy Monsimet
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad Koppang Norway
| | | | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Denis Lafage
- UMR ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences/Biology Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden
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Horák J, Rada P, Lettenmaier L, Andreas M, Bogusch P, Jaworski T. Importance of meteorological and land use parameters for insect diversity in agricultural landscapes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148159. [PMID: 34119779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced climate and land-use changes are important factors influencing global insect diversity. Nevertheless, the influence of weather on biodiversity is still relatively rarely studied. Grassland insects may be the taxon that is most affected by changing weather. We focused on the influence of weather and land-use management on butterflies in hayed meadows in the Czech Republic. During two consecutive years (2019-2020), we studied nearly 300 independent meadows. The abundance of butterflies was more influenced by the weather than their species richness. We observed positive and mainly linear effects of increasing vegetation temperatures. One very influential variable was the light intensity, which had a nonlinear effect that promoted butterflies under direct sunlight. The humidity had mainly moderate, nonlinear effects. Surprisingly, the wind had only a small effect. We observed important effects of the flowering intensity and vegetation height on the butterfly species richness and abundance regarding land use. Marginal woody vegetation cover had a positive effect on the butterfly abundance, and management had little effect. We concluded that weather and land use had important effects on butterflies. Based on our research, we recommended the reconsideration of scientific studies and monitoring programs for insects concerning the temperature threshold (≥ 25 °C) and the consideration of light intensity as an important factor. Applying a detailed approach to measuring the flowering intensity is likely unnecessary, while meadow land-use parameters appear to be necessary for insect populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Horák
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Patrik Rada
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ludwig Lettenmaier
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Andreas
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bogusch
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Jaworski
- Forest Research Institute, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Nowy, Poland
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Szanyi S, Potish L, Rácz IA, Varga Z, Nagy A. Orthoptera assemblages of the relict meadows of the Szernye marsh area (West Ukraine: Transcarpathia). Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrthoptera assemblages were sampled between 2012 and 2014 on six grasslands in marginal part of the former Szernye Marsh (Bereg Lowland, Transcarpathia, West Ukraine). 24 species in 1306 individuals were observed which is about the half of the Orthoptera species known from the Bereg Lowland. The bulk of the assemblages is formed by generalist chortobiont species (62.5%), while thamnobionts, connected with tall forb and/or shrubby vegetation, also reach a relatively high frequency (29.1%). According to the biogeographical composition, the Euro-Siberian species were predominating (58.3%), combined with only scarce presence of West Palearctic and Mediterranean species. The multivariate analysis did not show any clear subdivision according to the a priori vegetation types with the exception of the xeric habitats. This assemblage type were characterised by a low species number (7–12) and very high frequency of one or at least two dominant species which were common in all types of studied habitats. Although their subdominant species differed from the other two assemlage types but they could not be referred as true character species. Thus the studied xeric habitats are not such true xeric grasslands as the sandy and saline grasslands of the Pannonian lowland. The main natural value of the area is preseved by semi-natural humide and transitional habitat types, which can be conserved by yearly alternating mowing and preserving the mosaic structure with some corridors among them.
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Hill GM, Kawahara AY, Daniels JC, Bateman CC, Scheffers BR. Climate change effects on animal ecology: butterflies and moths as a case study. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2113-2126. [PMID: 34056827 PMCID: PMC8518917 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most studied, diverse, and widespread animal groups, making them an ideal model for climate change research. They are a particularly informative model for studying the effects of climate change on species ecology because they are ectotherms that thermoregulate with a suite of physiological, behavioural, and phenotypic traits. While some species have been negatively impacted by climatic disturbances, others have prospered, largely in accordance with their diversity in life-history traits. Here we take advantage of a large repertoire of studies on butterflies and moths to provide a review of the many ways in which climate change is impacting insects, animals, and ecosystems. By studying these climate-based impacts on ecological processes of Lepidoptera, we propose appropriate strategies for species conservation and habitat management broadly across animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geena M. Hill
- Florida Natural Areas InventoryFlorida State University1018 Thomasville Rd., #200‐CTallahasseeFL323303U.S.A.
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Florida876 Newell Dr.GainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
| | - Jaret C. Daniels
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of Florida1881 Natural Area Dr.GainesvilleFL32608U.S.A.
| | - Craig C. Bateman
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of Florida110 Newins‐Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430GainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
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Concurrent Butterfly, Bat and Small Mammal Monitoring Programmes Using Citizen Science in Catalonia (NE Spain): A Historical Review and Future Directions. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13090454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Biodiversity and Bioindicators research group (BiBIO), based at the Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, has coordinated four long-term faunal monitoring programmes based on citizen science over more than two decades in Catalonia (NE Spain). We summarize the historical progress of these programmes, describing their main conservation outputs, the challenges overcome, and future directions. The Catalan Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (CBMS) consists of a network of nearly 200 recording sites where butterfly populations have been monitored through visual censuses along transects for nearly three decades. This programme provides accurate temporal and spatial changes in the abundance of butterflies and relates them to different environmental factors (e.g., habitat and weather conditions). The Bat Monitoring Programme has progressively evolved to include passive acoustic monitoring protocols, as well as bat box-, underground- and river-bat surveys, and community ecological indices have been developed to monitor bat responses at assemblage level to both landscape and climatic changes. The Monitoring of common small mammals in Spain (SEMICE), a common small mammal monitoring programme with almost 80 active live-trapping stations, provides information to estimate population trends and has underlined the relevance of small mammals as both prey (of several predators) and predators (of insect forest pests). The Dormouse Monitoring Programme represents the first monitoring programme in Europe using specific nest boxes for the edible dormouse, providing information about biological and demographic data of the species at the southern limit of its distribution range. The combination and complementarity of these monitoring programmes provide crucial data to land managers to improve the understanding of conservation needs and develop efficient protection laws.
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Ahmad Dar A, Jamal K, Alhazmi A, El-Sharnouby M, Salah M, Sayed S. Moth diversity, species composition, and distributional pattern in Aravalli Hill Range of Rajasthan, India. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4884-4890. [PMID: 34466062 PMCID: PMC8381046 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Moths are phytophagous, cosmopolitan, agricultural pests, night pollinators, chiefly nocturnal and potential bio-indicators. The current study will be the first report on species diversity, species composition, abundance, and distributional pattern of moth fauna in Aravalli Hill Range Rajasthan. During the survey period of 2018-2019, 758 specimens of moths were collected pertaining to 34 species, 26 genera belonging to 05 families, and 13 subfamilies from three different sites of Aravalli Hill Range. Based on the number of genera, family Sphingidae was most dominant with 9 genera, and family Crambidae was least dominant with 2 genera. Based on the number of species, the family Sphingidae was the most dominant, representing 13 species, followed by Erebidae representing 11 species, Saturniidae and Noctuidae with 4 species each, the least dominant was Crambidae with 2 species. The diversity indices for moths have been calculated for the first time from the Aravalli Range of Rajasthan. Across the survey, Simpson's Diversity Index (D'), Shannon Diversity Index (H'), Dominance & Evenness was calculated as 0.95, 3.3, 0.04, and 0.8, respectively, which reflects that moth fauna is diverse in the surveyed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaq Ahmad Dar
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P), India
| | - Khowaja Jamal
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P), India
| | - Alaa Alhazmi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sharnouby
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Salah
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, B.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, B.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Richter A, Nakamura G, Agra Iserhard C, da Silva Duarte L. The hidden side of diversity: Effects of imperfect detection on multiple dimensions of biodiversity. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12508-12519. [PMID: 34594516 PMCID: PMC8462181 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on ecological communities often address patterns of species distribution and abundance, but few consider uncertainty in counts of both species and individuals when computing diversity measures.We evaluated the extent to which imperfect detection may influence patterns of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in ecological communities.We estimated the true abundance of fruit-feeding butterflies sampled in canopy and understory strata in a subtropical forest. We compared the diversity values calculated by observed and estimated abundance data through the hidden diversity framework. This framework evaluates the deviation of observed diversity when compared with diversities derived from estimated true abundances and whether such deviation represents a bias or a noise in the observed diversity pattern.The hidden diversity values differed between strata for all diversity measures, except for functional richness. The taxonomic measure was the only one where we observed an inversion of the most diverse stratum when imperfect detection was included. Regarding phylogenetic and functional measures, the strata showed distinct responses to imperfect detection, despite the tendency to overestimate observed diversity. While the understory showed noise for the phylogenetic measure, since the observed pattern was maintained, the canopy had biased diversity for the functional metric. This bias occurred since no significant differences were found between strata for observed diversity, but rather for estimated diversity, with the canopy being more clustered.We demonstrate that ignore imperfect detection may lead to unrealistic estimates of diversity and hence to erroneous interpretations of patterns and processes that structure biological communities. For fruit-feeding butterflies, according to their phylogenetic position or functional traits, the undetected individuals triggered different responses in the relationship of the diversity measures to the environmental factor. This highlights the importance to evaluate and include the uncertainty in species detectability before calculating biodiversity measures to describe communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Richter
- Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Gabriel Nakamura
- Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaBrazil
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Factors affecting butterfly and plant diversity in basiphilous dry grasslands of Transylvania, Romania. COMMUNITY ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-021-00055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rivest SA, Kharouba HM. Anthropogenic disturbance promotes the abundance of a newly introduced butterfly, the European common blue (Polyommatus icarus; Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), in Canada. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of introductions of non-native species is increasing worldwide, but only a few introduced species undergo rapid population growth and range expansion, and even fewer become invasive, leading to negative impacts on native communities. Predicting which non-native species are likely to become widespread and abundant can be difficult when there is a lack of species’ information in the early stages of colonization. Here, we investigate the ecology of a newly introduced butterfly in Canada, the European common blue (Polyommatus icarus (Rottemberg, 1775)), by modelling its local- and landscape-scale habitat suitability in Montréal, Quebec, Canada, and the surrounding region, and by assessing its dispersal ability using a mark–release–recapture study. At a local scale, we found that P. icarus abundance was highest at sites with moderate levels of habitat disturbance (e.g., mowed every 2–3 years), the presence of their preferred larval host plant and low proportional cover of grasses. At a landscape scale, P. icarus abundance increased with an increasing proportion of urban area and decreasing proportion of forests. We also found that P. icarus is a low to moderate disperser relative to other butterflies. Our results suggest that P. icarus may become widespread in disturbed and urban areas across Canada, but that further investigation into additional potential range-constraining factors (e.g., microclimate), especially larval preferences, and modelling of the trajectory of P. icarus range expansion is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Rivest
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Heather M. Kharouba
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Faunistic Study on Butterflies in the Lowland Forests of Central Surigao del Sur, Philippines. BORNEO JOURNAL OF RESOURCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.2548.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The province of Surigao del Sur is among the areas in the Philippines with limited wildlife studies, especially on lepidopteran fauna. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the butterfly congregation and diversity in Gamut and Mat-e, areas which are underexplored for lepidopteran surveys. It also aimed to assess the conservation and ecological status of the species. Sweep netting for a total of 196 person-hours was carried out to document the species. The results revealed a total of 29 species belonging to four families. Among the families, Nymphalidae was the most represented, comprising 48% of the total richness. The species Gandaca harina mindanaensis and Junonia hedonia ida were the most dominant in both sites representing 12% (each) of the total population. Species richness and diversity (H’) were relatively higher in Mat-e (n=22; H’=1.22) than in Gamut (n=15; H’=1.00). The total endemicity was 31%, but higher endemism was observed in Mat-e (36%) compared with Gamut (20%). The noteworthy findings are the listing of the nationally and globally assessed as rare species (Acrophtalmia leto ochine and Jamides celeno), but were locally assessed as common in Mat-e. One recorded butterfly (Atrophaneura semperi aphtonia) was assessed to be a threatened species. Based on the results, the two habitats showed a poor representation of butterfly assemblage, however, these results are highly affected by the limitations of the observation. Thus, it is recommended that an intensive study on butterflies in the area should be considered.
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Amini Tehrani N, Naimi B, Jaboyedoff M. Modeling current and future species distribution of breeding birds as regional essential biodiversity variables (SD EBVs): A bird perspective in Swiss Alps. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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45
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Edwards CB, Crone EE. Estimating abundance and phenology from transect count data with GLMs. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The decline of butterflies in Europe: Problems, significance, and possible solutions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2002551117. [PMID: 33431566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002551117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We review changes in the status of butterflies in Europe, focusing on long-running population data available for the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Belgium, based on standardized monitoring transects. In the United Kingdom, 8% of resident species have become extinct, and since 1976 overall numbers declined by around 50%. In the Netherlands, 20% of species have become extinct, and since 1990 overall numbers in the country declined by 50%. Distribution trends showed that butterfly distributions began decreasing long ago, and between 1890 and 1940, distributions declined by 80%. In Flanders (Belgium), 20 butterflies have become extinct (29%), and between 1992 and 2007 overall numbers declined by around 30%. A European Grassland Butterfly Indicator from 16 European countries shows there has been a 39% decline of grassland butterflies since 1990. The 2010 Red List of European butterflies listed 38 of the 482 European species (8%) as threatened and 44 species (10%) as near threatened (note that 47 species were not assessed). A country level analysis indicates that the average Red List rating is highest in central and mid-Western Europe and lowest in the far north of Europe and around the Mediterranean. The causes of the decline of butterflies are thought to be similar in most countries, mainly habitat loss and degradation and chemical pollution. Climate change is allowing many species to spread northward while bringing new threats to susceptible species. We describe examples of possible conservation solutions and a summary of policy changes needed to conserve butterflies and other insects.
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Schlegel J, Hofstetter A. Butterflies of fragmented wet grassland in Western European lowland forests: Effects of vegetation, connectivity and plot size. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vries JPR, Koma Z, WallisDeVries MF, Kissling WD. Identifying fine‐scale habitat preferences of threatened butterflies using airborne laser scanning. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Peter Reinier Vries
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Zsófia Koma
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F. WallisDeVries
- De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation Wageningen The Netherlands
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - W. Daniel Kissling
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Kwon TS, Lee CM, Kim ES, Won M, Kim SS, Park YS. Habitat change has greater effects than climate change on butterfly occurrence in South Korea. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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50
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Assemblages and seasonal patterns in butterflies across different ecosystems in a sub-tropical zone of Jammu Shiwaliks, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Trop Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-020-00139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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