1
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Entiauspe-Neto OM, Nachtigall PG, Borges-Martins M, Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Grazziotin FG. Highly conserved and extremely variable: The paradoxical pattern of toxin expression revealed by comparative venom-gland transcriptomics of Phalotris (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Toxicon 2024; 244:107740. [PMID: 38705487 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Although non-front fanged snakes account for almost two-thirds of snake diversity, most studies on venom composition and evolution focus exclusively on front-fanged species, which comprise most of the clinically relevant accidents. Comprehensive reports on venom composition of non-front fanged snakes are still scarce for several groups. In this study, we address such shortage of knowledge by providing new insights about the venom composition among species of Phalotris, a poorly studied Neotropical dipsadid genus. Phalotris are known for their specialized venom delivery system and toxic venoms, which can cause life-threatening accidents in humans. We evaluate the venom-gland transcriptome of Phalotris, comparing the following three South American species: P. reticulatus for the Araucaria Pine forests, P. lemniscatus for the Pampa grasslands, and P. mertensi for the Brazilian Cerrado. Our results indicate similar venom profiles, in which they share a high expression level of Kunitz-type inhibitors (KUNZ). On the other hand, comparative analyses revealed substantial differences in the expression levels of C-type lectins (CTL) and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP). The diverse set of SVMP and CTL isoforms shows signals of positive selection, and we also identified truncated forms of type III SVMPs, which resemble type II and type I SVMPs of viperids. Additionally, we identified a CNP precursor hosting a proline-rich region containing a BPP motif resembling those commonly detected in viperid venoms with hypotensive activity. Altogether, our results suggest an evolutionary history favoring high expression levels of few KUNZ isoforms in Phalotris venoms, contrasting with a highly diverse set of SVMP and CTL isoforms. Such diversity can be comparable with the venom variability observed in some viperids. Our findings highlight the extreme phenotypic diversity of non-front fanged snakes and the importance to allocate greater effort to study neglected groups of Colubroidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Entiauspe-Neto
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Pedro G Nachtigall
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Borges-Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe G Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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2
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Chuliver M, Scanferla A. Paedomorphosis and retention of juvenile diet lead speciation in a group of Neotropical snakes (Colubroides-Philodryadini). Sci Rep 2024; 14:10071. [PMID: 38698134 PMCID: PMC11066030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dipsadidae is one of the largest clades of extant reptiles, showing an impressive morphological and ecological diversity. Despite this fact, the developmental processes behind its diversity are still largely unknown. In this study, we used 3D reconstructions based on micro-CT data and geometric morphometrics to evaluate the skull morphology of Philodryas agassizii, a small, surface-dwelling dipsadid that consume spiders. Adult individuals of P. agassizii exhibit a cranial morphology frequently observed in juveniles of other surface-dwelling colubroideans, represented in our analysis by its close relative Philodryas patagoniensis. Large orbits, gibbous neurocranial roof and a relatively short jaw complex are features present in juveniles of the latter species. Furthermore, we performed an extensive survey about diet of P. patagoniensis in which we detected an ontogenetic dietary shift, indicating that arthropods are more frequently consumed by juveniles of this dietary generalist. Thus, we infer that P. agassizzii retained not only the ancestral juvenile skull morphology but also dietary preferences. This study reveals that morphological changes driven by heterochronic changes, specifically paedomorphosis, influenced the retention of ancestral life history traits in P. agassizii, and therefore promoted cladogenesis. In this way, we obtained first evidence that heterochronic processes lead speciation in the snake megadiverse clade Dipsadidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chuliver
- Fundación de Historia Natural "Félix de Azara", Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agustín Scanferla
- Fundación de Historia Natural "Félix de Azara", Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Oliveira LD, Grazziotin FG, Sánchez-Martínez PM, Sasa M, Flores-Villela O, Prudente ALDC, Zaher H. Phylogenetic and morphological evidence reveals the association between diet and the evolution of the venom delivery system in Neotropical goo-eating snakes. SYST BIODIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2153944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo De Oliveira
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, São Paulo, 04263-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mahmood Sasa
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Museo de Zoología, Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Oscar Flores-Villela
- Museo de Zoologia ‘Alfonso L. Herrera’, Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, São Paulo, 04263-000, Brazil
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4
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Tioyama EC, Bayona-Serrano JD, Portes-Junior JA, Nachtigall PG, de Souza VC, Beraldo-Neto E, Grazziotin FG, Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Moura-da-Silva AM, Freitas-de-Sousa LA. The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: 'Omic' Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American Racers. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:415. [PMID: 37505684 PMCID: PMC10467154 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakes of the Philodryadini tribe are included in the Dipsadidae family, which is a diverse group of rear-fanged snakes widespread in different ecological conditions, including habitats and diet. However, little is known about the composition and effects of their venoms despite their relevance for understanding the evolution of these snakes or even their impact on the occasional cases of human envenoming. In this study, we integrated venom gland transcriptomics, venom proteomics and functional assays to characterize the venoms from eight species of the Philodryadini tribe, which includes the genus Philodryas, Chlorosoma and Xenoxybelis. The most abundant components identified in the venoms were snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), C-type lectins (CTLs), snake endogenous matrix metalloproteinases type 9 (seMMP-9) and snake venom serinoproteinases (SVSPs). These protein families showed a variable expression profile in each genus. SVMPs were the most abundant components in Philodryas, while seMMP-9 and CRISPs were the most expressed in Chlorosoma and Xenoxybelis, respectively. Lineage-specific differences in venom composition were also observed among Philodryas species, whereas P. olfersii presented the highest amount of SVSPs and P. agassizii was the only species to express significant amounts of 3FTx. The variability observed in venom composition was confirmed by the venom functional assays. Philodryas species presented the highest SVMP activity, whereas Chlorosoma species showed higher levels of gelatin activity, which may correlate to the seMMP-9 enzymes. The variability observed in the composition of these venoms may be related to the tribe phylogeny and influenced by their diets. In the presented study, we expanded the set of venomics studies of the Philodryadini tribe, which paves new roads for further studies on the evolution and ecology of Dipsadidae snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly Campos Tioyama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Escola Superior do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-210, Brazil; (E.C.T.); (J.D.B.-S.)
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
| | - Juan David Bayona-Serrano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Escola Superior do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-210, Brazil; (E.C.T.); (J.D.B.-S.)
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.G.N.); (V.C.d.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - José A. Portes-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
| | - Pedro Gabriel Nachtigall
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.G.N.); (V.C.d.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - Vinicius Carius de Souza
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.G.N.); (V.C.d.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - Emidio Beraldo-Neto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
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5
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Ray JM, Sánchez-Martínez P, Batista A, Mulcahy DG, Sheehy III CM, Smith EN, Pyron RA, Arteaga A. A new species of Dipsas (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from central Panama. Zookeys 2023; 1145:131-167. [DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1145.96616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new species of Dipsas Laurenti, 1768, from Central Panama is described based on molecular analyses, hemipenial morphology, and external characters. This is the sixth species of Dipsas to be described for the country; the snake has been suspected to exist since 1977 and has not been thoroughly studied until now. Additionally, morphological comparations including scale counts are done with other species within the genus, and the current geographic distribution of Dipsas temporalis (Werner, 1909), the sister species, is updated. Finally, a key to the species of Dipsas currently known from Middle America is presented.
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6
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Graboski R, Arredondo JC, Grazziotin FG, Guerra-Fuentes RA, Da Silva AAA, Prudente ALC, Pinto RR, Rodrigues MT, Bonatto SL, Zaher H. Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Morphological stasis is generally associated with relative constancy in ecological pressures throughout time, producing strong stabilizing selection that retains similar shared morphology. Although climate and vegetation are commonly the main key factors driving diversity and phenotypic diversification in terrestrial vertebrates, fossorial organisms have their morphology mostly defined by their fossorial lifestyle. Among these secretive fossorial organisms, blind snakes of the South American genus Amerotyphlops are considered poorly studied when compared to other taxa. Here, we evaluate the cryptic diversity of Amerotyphlops using phylogenetic and multivariate approaches. We based our phylogenetic analysis on a molecular dataset composed of 12 gene fragments (eight nuclear and four mitochondrial) for 109 species of Typhlopidae. The multivariate analysis was implemented using 36 morphological variables for 377 specimens of Amerotyphlops. Additionally, we contrast our phylogenetic result with the morphological variation found in cranial, external and hemipenial traits. Our phylogenetic results recovered with strong support the following monophyletic groups within Amerotyphlops: (1) a clade formed by A. tasymicris and A. minuisquamus; (2) a clade composed of A. reticulatus; (3) a north-eastern Brazilian clade including A. yonenagae, A. arenensis, A. paucisquamus and A. amoipira; and (4) a clade composed of A. brongersmianus and a complex of cryptic species. Based on these results we describe four new species of Amerotyphlops from north-eastern and south-eastern Brazil, which can be distinguished from the morphologically similar species, A. brongersmianus and A. arenensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Graboski
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Nazaré, Caixa Postal 42494, CEP 04218-070, São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho , Avenida 24 A, Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi , Avenida Perimetral, Terra Firme, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66077-530, Belém, Pará , Brazil
| | - Juan C Arredondo
- Colecciones Biológicas de la Universidad CES (CBUCES), Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnología, Universidad CES , Calle 10A, Medellín , Colombia
| | - Felipe G Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan , Avenida Vital Brasil, Butantã, São Paulo - SP, 05503-900 , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Arturo Guerra-Fuentes
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi , Avenida Perimetral, Terra Firme, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66077-530, Belém, Pará , Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Campus Universitário do Tocantins-Cametá, Universidade Federal do Pará, Travessa Padre Antônio Franco , 2617, Bairro da Matinha, CEP 68400-000 Cametá, Pará , Brazil
| | - Ariane A A Da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Coleções e Acervos Científicos , Avenida André de Araújo, CEP 69060-000, Manaus, Amazonas , Brazil
| | - Ana L C Prudente
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi , Avenida Perimetral, Terra Firme, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66077-530, Belém, Pará , Brazil
| | - Roberta R Pinto
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Anfíbios e Répteis, Museu de Arqueologia e Ciências Naturais da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Miguel T Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia , Caixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP , Brazil
| | - Sandro L Bonatto
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga, CEP 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Nazaré, Caixa Postal 42494, CEP 04218-070, São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil
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7
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Abegg AD, Santos AP, Costa HC, Battilana J, Graboski R, Vianna FSL, Azevedo WS, Fagundes NJR, Castille CM, Prado PC, Bonatto SL, Zaher H, Grazziotin FG. Increasing taxon sampling suggests a complete taxonomic rearrangement in Echinantherini (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.969263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the recent advances on the relationship of its major groups, the systematics of the rich fauna of Neotropical snakes is far from being a consensus. In this sense, derived groups presenting continental distributions have represented a main challenge. The taxonomy of the snake tribe Echinantherini is one of the most contentious among the diverse family known as Dipsadidae. The tribe is poorly sampled in phylogenetic studies, resulting in conflicting hypotheses of relationships among its taxa. Moreover, several rare and micro endemic species of Echinantherini have never been evaluated within a comprehensive phylogenetic framework. Here, we assess for the first time the phylogenetic position of the rare Echinanthera amoena within Echinantherini. We based our analyses on a comprehensive multilocus dataset including 14 of the 16 species described for the tribe. Our results support the monophyly of Echinantherini and strongly indicate E. amoena as a unique lineage, phylogenetically positioned apart from all other congeners. From the three current genera (Echinanthera, Taeniophallus, and Sordellina) our results indicate that Echinanthera and Taeniophallus are paraphyletic, since the T. affinis species group is positioned as sister to Echinanthera (except E. amoena) clustering apart from the clade formed by the T. brevirostris and T. occipitalis groups. We describe new genera for the T. affinis and T. occipitalis species groups and an additional monospecific genus for E. amoena. Although we did not evaluate the phylogenetic position of T. nebularis, we described a new genus and removed it from Echinantherini since its morphology strikingly departs from all species now included in the tribe. Finally, we redefine the genera Echinanthera and Taeniophallus and we provide comments about further directions to study the biogeography and the evolution of morphological traits in Echinantherini.
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8
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Arteaga A, Quezada A, Vieira J, Guayasamin JM. Leaving no stone unturned: three additional new species of Atractus ground snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Ecuador discovered using a biogeographical approach. Zookeys 2022; 1121:175-210. [PMID: 36760760 PMCID: PMC9848674 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Atractus includes 146 species of cryptozoic snakes occurring from Panama to northeastern Argentina. Here, a molecular phylogeny of this genus is presented, which encompasses 29% (= 42; six are included here for the first time) of the species currently recognized. Morphological and phylogenetic support is found for three new species of ground snakes, which are described here based on their unique combination of molecular, meristic, and color pattern characteristics. The name A.arangoi Prado, 1939 is revalidated for a Colombian snake species previously subsumed under A.major Boulenger, 1894 based on new material collected in Ecuador. Reidentifications are provided for Atractus voucher specimens and sequences deposited in GenBank. With these changes, the number of Atractus reported in Ecuador increases from 27 to 31 species. Finally, attention is given to the importance of using a biogeographical framework that includes molecular data and a comprehensive geographic sampling when proposing species limits in complex taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Arteaga
- Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, EcuadorBiodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai FoundationQuitoEcuador
| | - Amanda Quezada
- Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, EcuadorBiodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai FoundationQuitoEcuador
| | | | - Juan M. Guayasamin
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQQuitoEcuador
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9
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Cabral H, Cacciali P, Santana DJ. Evolution of the rostral scale and mimicry in the genus Xenodon Boie, 1826 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Snakes are a stimulating life form from an evolutionary perspective. Despite the basic morphological body shape (limbless, with a tubular body), these vertebrates are extremely diverse. The Neotropical region is one of the most diverse regions for snakes in the world, with >650 known species. Within this great diversity, the genus Xenodon includes 12 species with interesting adaptations to terrestrial and semi-fossorial habitats. Members of this genus are mostly diurnal and terrestrial, feed mainly on anurans and exhibit Batesian mimicry of venomous snakes of the genera Bothrops or Micrurus. Here, through phylogenetic analysis and ancestral state estimation, we explore the evolution of the rostral scale and mimicry within the genus Xenodon. Our results suggest that the ancestral lineage of Xenodon had a rounded rostral scale and exhibited Bothrops mimicry. The evolution of the rostral scale in Xenodon might be related to abiotic factors, as an adaptation for open and forested habitats, and mimicry is likely to be related to biotic factors, as a defensive strategy resembling those of venomous snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cabral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista , São José do Rio Preto, SP , Brazil
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay , Del Escudo 1607, Asunción , Paraguay
- Asociación Guyra Paraguay , Avenida Coronel Carlos Bóveda, Parque Asunción Verde, Viñas Cué , Paraguay
| | - Pier Cacciali
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay , Del Escudo 1607, Asunción , Paraguay
- Asociación Guyra Paraguay , Avenida Coronel Carlos Bóveda, Parque Asunción Verde, Viñas Cué , Paraguay
| | - Diego José Santana
- Mapinguari Lab, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul , 79002-970, Campo Grande, MS , Brazil
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10
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Guerrero EL, Apodaca MJ. The smallest area shaped a big problem: a revision of the placement of the Ventania sky island in the biogeography of South America. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The placement of the southern border of the Neotropical region, called the Subtropical Line, is a long-lasting point of discussion. Its most debatable section runs around the Pampean province, where an isolated mountain system called Ventania has Andean connections surrounded by Neotropical biota. To answer where to place the Subtropical Line, a thorough revision of the biogeography of Ventania is needed. Thus, we characterized Ventania as an area of endemism and conducted a similitude analysis to compare it with surrounding systems using stenoic taxa. Then we compiled the disjunct distributions in Ventania and the phylogenetic information of its endemic taxa to know with which other areas it is related. We also compared the biogeographic differences with Tandilia, the nearest mountain system. We found that Ventania is a small but well-defined area of endemism mostly related to the Andean and South American Transition Zone (SATZ) provinces. Relatedness with the Pampean province is less than had been thought. We suggest that Ventania is a SATZ sky island province, and the smallest continental province of the world. The Subtropical Line should therefore be placed in the southern border of the Pampean province, with Ventania as a SATZ island inside the Neotropical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elián L Guerrero
- División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (Universidad Nacional de La Plata) , La Plata B1900 , Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB , Argentina
| | - María José Apodaca
- División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (Universidad Nacional de La Plata) , La Plata B1900 , Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB , Argentina
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11
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Costa JCL, Graboski R, Grazziotin FG, Zaher H, Rodrigues MT, Prudente ALDC. Reassessing the systematics of
Leptodeira
(Serpentes, Dipsadidae) with emphasis in the South American species. ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João C. L. Costa
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Coordenação de Zoologia Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Roberta Graboski
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Coordenação de Zoologia Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Felipe G. Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan São Paulo City São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo City São Paulo Brazil
| | - Miguel T. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo City São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia da C. Prudente
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Coordenação de Zoologia Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Pará Brazil
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12
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Smith P, Brouard JP, Cacciali P. A new species of Phalotris (Serpentes, Colubridae, Elapomorphini) from Paraguay. ZOOSYST EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.98.61064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of Phalotris from the nasutus group, Phalotris shawnellasp. nov., is described. It can be distinguished from the other members of the group by having the following combination of characters: 1) fifth supralabial in contact with parietal, 2) vertebral stripe present, 3) yellowish nuchal collar (2 or 3 dorsal scales long), 4) dull reddish color of head, 5) broad, solidly or near solidly dark, lateral bands, 6) red-orange ventral scales lightly and irregularly spotted with black mainly on the posterior half of the body and 7) a bilobed, extremely asymmetrical hemipenis, with enlarged, curved, lateral spines. The species is only known from a recent specimen collected in the Cerrado zone of northeastern Paraguay at Rancho Laguna Blanca, San Pedro department, and two photographic records of live specimens from this and an additional locality. Limited ecological data based on observations of a captive individual, and a wild record, are provided, and a conservation assessment is performed for this extremely limited range Paraguayan endemic snake.
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Schramer TD, Rautsaw RM, Bayona-Serrano JD, Nystrom GS, West TR, Ortiz-Medina JA, Sabido-Alpuche B, Meneses-Millán M, Borja M, Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Rokyta DR, Parkinson CL. An integrative view of the toxic potential of Conophis lineatus (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae), a medically relevant rear-fanged snake. Toxicon 2021; 205:38-52. [PMID: 34793822 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Most traditional research on snake venoms has focused on front-fanged snake families (Viperidae, Elapidae, and Atractaspididae). However, venom is now generally accepted as being a much more broadly possessed trait within snakes, including species traditionally considered harmless. Unfortunately, due to historical inertia and methodological challenges, the toxin repertoires of non-front-fanged snake families (e.g., Colubridae, Dipsadidae, and Natricidae) have been heavily neglected despite the knowledge of numerous species capable of inflicting medically relevant envenomations. Integrating proteomic data for validation, we perform a de novo assembly and analysis of the Duvernoy's venom gland transcriptome of the Central American Road Guarder (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Conophis lineatus), a species known for its potent bite. We identified 28 putative toxin transcripts from 13 toxin families in the Duvernoy's venom gland transcriptome, comprising 63.7% of total transcriptome expression. In addition to ubiquitous snake toxin families, we proteomically confirmed several atypical venom components. The most highly expressed toxins (55.6% of total toxin expression) were recently described snake venom matrix metalloproteases (svMMPs), with 48.0% of svMMP expression contributable to a novel svMMP isoform. We investigate the evolution of the new svMMP isoform in the context of rear-fanged snakes using phylogenetics. Finally, we examine the morphology of the venom apparatus using μCT and explore how the venom relates to autecology and the highly hemorrhagic effects seen in human envenomations. Importantly, we provide the most complete venom characterization of this medically relevant snake species to date, producing insights into the effects and evolution of its venom, and point to future research directions to better understand the venoms of 'harmless' non-front-fanged snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D Schramer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Rhett M Rautsaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Gunnar S Nystrom
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Taylor R West
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Javier A Ortiz-Medina
- Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico; Unidad de Manejo para La Conservación de La Vida Silvestre, Tsáab Kaan, Baca, Yucatán, Mexico; HERP.MX A.C., Villa de Álvarez, Colima, Mexico
| | - Bianca Sabido-Alpuche
- Unidad de Manejo para La Conservación de La Vida Silvestre, Tsáab Kaan, Baca, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Marcos Meneses-Millán
- Unidad de Manejo para La Conservación de La Vida Silvestre, Tsáab Kaan, Baca, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Miguel Borja
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Inácio L M Junqueira-de-Azevedo
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Darin R Rokyta
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Christopher L Parkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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Systematics of the rare Amazonian genus Eutrachelophis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), with an emended diagnosis for Eutrachelophis papilio. ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Diet of the Semiaquatic Snake Erythrolamprus miliaris (Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. J HERPETOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1670/20-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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García‐Sotelo UA, García‐Vázquez UO, Espinosa D. Historical biogeography of the genus Rhadinaea (Squamata: Dipsadinae). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12413-12428. [PMID: 34594509 PMCID: PMC8462180 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple geological and climatic events have created geographical or ecological barriers associated with speciation events, playing a role in biological diversification in North and Central America. Here, we evaluate the influence of the Neogene and Quaternary geological events, as well as the climatic changes in the diversification of the colubrid snake genus Rhadinaea using molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction. A multilocus sequence dataset was generated for 37 individuals of Rhadinaea from most of the biogeographical provinces where the genus is distributed, representing 19 of the 21 currently recognized species, and two undescribed species. Our analyses show that the majority of the Rhadinaea species nest in two main clades, herein identified as "Eastern" and "Southern". These clades probably diverged from each other in the early Miocene, and their divergence was followed by 11 divergences during the middle to late Miocene, three divergences during the Pliocene, and six divergences in the Pleistocene. The ancestral distribution of Rhadinaea was reconstructed across the Sierra Madre del Sur. Our phylogenetic analyses do not support the monophyly of Rhadinaea. The Miocene and Pliocene geomorphology, perhaps in conjunction with climate change, appears to have triggered the diversification of the genus, while the climatic changes during the Miocene probably induced the diversification of Rhadinaea in the Sierra Madre del Sur. Our analysis suggests that the uplifting of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and Chiapan-Guatemalan highlands in this same period resulted in northward and southward colonization events. This was followed by more recent, independent colonization events in the Pliocene and Pleistocene involving the Balsas Basin, Chihuahuan Desert, Pacific Coast, Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre del Sur, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, and Veracruz provinces, probably driven by the climatic fluctuations of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel A. García‐Sotelo
- Posgrado en Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Uri O. García‐Vázquez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - David Espinosa
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
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Entiauspe-Neto OM, Tiutenko A, Dos Santos Azevedo W, Abegg AD. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence: on the taxonomic identity of Phalotris cerradensis Silveira, 2020. REV SUISSE ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.35929/rsz.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália, Km 8, Vila Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Arthur Tiutenko
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 4, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Weverton Dos Santos Azevedo
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Travessa 14, Rua do Matão, 321, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Diesel Abegg
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Travessa 14, Rua do Matão, 321, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Lee JL. Description of a new species of Southeast Asian reed snake from northern Laos (Squamata: Colubridae: Genus Calamaria F. Boie, 1827) with a revised diagnosis of Calamaria yunnanensis Chernov, 1962. J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1909165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin L. Lee
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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Melo‐Sampaio PR, Passos P, Prudente AL, Venegas PJ, Torres‐Carvajal O. Systematic review of the polychromatic ground snakes
Atractus snethlageae
complex reveals four new species from threatened environments. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. Melo‐Sampaio
- Departamento de Vertebrados Museu NacionalUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados Museu NacionalUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ana L.C. Prudente
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Coordenação de Zoologia Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém, Pará Brazil
| | - Pablo J. Venegas
- División de Herpetología Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) Huertos de San Antonio Surco, Lima Peru
| | - Omar Torres‐Carvajal
- Museo de Zoología Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Apartado Quito Ecuador
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Dorigo TA, Siqueira CC, Oliveira JCF, Fusinatto LA, Santos-Pereira M, Almeida-Santos M, Maia-Carneiro T, Reis CNC, Rocha CFD. Amphibians and reptiles from the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Brazil, one of the world’s largest urban forests. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-0978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The Parque Nacional da Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is considered to be one of the world’s largest urban forests, however no systematic inventory of its herpetofauna is available. In the present study, we surveyed the amphibians and reptiles of this park to assess its species composition (including secondary data) and obtain estimates of species richness and abundance. We conducted active searches (460 hours) between January 2013 and December 2015. We identified the taxa endemic to either the Atlantic Forest or Rio de Janeiro state, and verified the conservation status of each species in the international, Brazilian, and state red lists. We also estimated the species richness and sampling sufficiency by rarefaction curves and Bootstrap richness estimator, and analyzed the distribution of the species abundance in Whittaker plots. We recorded 3,288 individuals over 36 months, representing 24 species of amphibians and 25 reptiles. The cumulative species curves, rarefaction, and the richness estimated indicated that sampling effort was adequate. Species abundance adjusted to the log-series model in both amphibians and reptiles. The four most abundant amphibians represented 70% of the individuals recorded in this group, while the two most abundant reptiles represented 60% of the total individuals. The inclusion of the secondary data raised the number of amphibian species to 38, and the number of reptiles to 36. Approximately 80% of the amphibian species and 28% of the reptile species recorded are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, and six of the amphibian species are endemic to Rio de Janeiro state. Six amphibian species and one reptile species are classified under some threat of extinction, and two reptile species were exotic. The considerable diversity of the herpetofauna of the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, which includes endemic and threatened species, reflects the effectiveness of the reforestation of this protected area and emphasizes the importance of its conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thiago Maia-Carneiro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Melo-Sampaio PR, Passos P, Martins AR, Jennings WB, Moura-Leite JC, Morato SA, Venegas PJ, Chávez G, Venâncio NM, Souza MB. A phantom on the trees: Integrative taxonomy supports a reappraisal of rear-fanged snakes classification (Dipsadidae: Philodryadini). ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gomes DF, Azevedo J, Murta-Fonseca R, Faurby S, Antonelli A, Passos P. Taxonomic revision of the genus Xenopholis Peters, 1869 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae): Integrating morphology with ecological niche. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243210. [PMID: 33306700 PMCID: PMC7732082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable identification and delimitation of species is an essential pre-requisite for many fields of science and conservation. The Neotropical herpetofauna is the world's most diverse, including many taxa of uncertain or debated taxonomy. Here we tackle one such species complex, by evaluating the taxonomic status of species currently allocated in the snake genus Xenopholis (X. scalaris, X. undulatus, and X. werdingorum). We base our conclusions on concordance between quantitative (meristic and morphometric) and qualitative (color pattern, hemipenes and skull features) analyses of morphological characters, in combination with ecological niche modeling. We recognize all three taxa as valid species and improve their respective diagnosis, including new data on color in life, pholidosis, bony morphology, and male genitalia. We find low overlap among the niches of each species, corroborating the independent source of phenotypic evidence. Even though all three species occur in the leaf litter of distinct forested habitats, Xenopholis undulatus is found in the elevated areas of the Brazilian Shield (Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco), whereas X. scalaris occurs in the Amazon and Atlantic rainforests, and X. werdingorum in the Chiquitanos forest and Pantanal wetlands. We discuss the disjunct distribution between Amazonian and Atlantic Forest snake species in the light of available natural history and ecological aspects. This study shows the advantages of combining multiple data sources for reliable identification and circumscription of ecologically similar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Faustino Gomes
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Josué Azevedo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Programa de Coleções Científicas Biológicas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Roberta Murta-Fonseca
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Campus do Pantanal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Bairro Universitário, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Søren Faurby
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Carvalho PS, Zaher H, da Silva Jr NJ, Santana DJ. A morphological and molecular study of Hydrodynastes gigas (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), a widespread species from South America. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10073. [PMID: 33304646 PMCID: PMC7698695 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies with integrative approaches (based on different lines of evidence) are fundamental for understanding the diversity of organisms. Different data sources can improve the understanding of the taxonomy and evolution of snakes. We used this integrative approach to verify the taxonomic status of Hydrodynastes gigas (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854), given its wide distribution throughout South America, including the validity of the recently described Hydrodynastes melanogigas Franco, Fernandes & Bentim, 2007. METHODS We performed a phylogenetic analysis of Bayesian Inference with mtDNA 16S and Cytb, and nuDNA Cmos and NT3 concatenated (1,902 bp). In addition, we performed traditional morphometric analyses, meristic, hemipenis morphology and coloration pattern of H. gigas and H. melanogigas. RESULTS According to molecular and morphological characters, H. gigas is widely distributed throughout South America. We found no evidence to support that H. gigas and H. melanogigas species are distinct lineages, therefore, H. melanogigas is a junior synonym of H. gigas. Thus, the melanic pattern of H. melanogigas is the result of a polymorphism of H. gigas. Melanic populations of H. gigas can be found in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila S. Carvalho
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson J. da Silva Jr
- Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Diego J. Santana
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Gonzales L, Reichle S, Entiauspe-Neto OM. A new species of Oxyrhopus Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from the Bolivian Andes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191428. [PMID: 33146262 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new dipsadine snake species, of the genus Oxyrhopus Wagler, 1830, from the highlands of Bolivia. Oxyrhopus emberti sp. n. is diagnosed from its congeners based on external and hemipenial morphology. The new species inhabits the humid forests of Yungas and Tucumano-Bolivian Forest highlands, between 1.200 - 1.800 meters above sea level, and is likely to be a Bolivian endemic. We also discuss the relationships of the new species with Andean congeners and provide a key to the identification of the Oxyrhopus species from the Central Andes of Bolivia and Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucindo Gonzales
- Museo Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Avenida Irala, 556, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Steffen Reichle
- Museo Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Avenida Irala, 556, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Omar M Entiauspe-Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vertebrados, Avenida Itália, km 8, Vila Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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25
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Mebert K, Passos P, Fernandes DS, Entiauspe-Neto OM, Alvez FQ, Machado AS, Lopes RT. A New Species of Snail-Eating Snake, Dipsas Cope, 1860 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae), from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00112.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Mebert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Fernandes
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Centro de Ciências e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco A, sala AO-92, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, 96203-900, Vila Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fatima Queiroz Alvez
- Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Rodovia Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 22, P.B. 7, 45600-000, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S. Machado
- Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia, Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-450, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Lopes
- Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia, Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-450, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Taxonomic Status of Two Simultaneously Described Apostolepis Cope, 1862 Species (Dipsadidae: Elapomorphini) from Caatinga Enclaves Moist Forests, Brazil. J HERPETOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1670/19-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Cacciali P, Mee G, Laing AP, Krause D, Mclaughlin C, Montgomery R, Smith P. Morphological Re-Examination of the Endemic Paraguayan Snake Phalotris nigrilatus Ferrarezzi, 1993 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Elapomorphini), with Notes on Its Ecology and Conservation Status. CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.39.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Cacciali
- 1Guyra Paraguay, Av. Cnel. Carlos Bóveda, Parque Ecológico Capital Verde – Viñas Cué, Asunción, PARA
| | - George Mee
- 41 Thornbury Close, Merthyr Tydfil, CF48 1HP, UK
| | | | - Danilo Krause
- 6KP Publicidad, España c/ Tte. Benítez (km 1,59), 2160 San Lorenzo, PARAGUAY
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Torres-Carvajal O, Hinojosa KC. Hidden diversity in two widespread snake species (Serpentes: Xenodontini: Erythrolamprus) from South America. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 146:106772. [PMID: 32087331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of genetic diversity of widely distributed Neotropical tetrapods has been an active research field during the last decade, although it has focused on lowland (mostly Amazonian) taxa. In this paper we use phylogenetic analyses to explore the diversity within two widely distributed snake species, Erythrolamprus epinephelus and E. reginae. Specifically, we focus on Andean populations of the former and lowland samples of the latter. Our results show that Erythrolamprus epinephelus is paraphyletic and support recognition of the subspecies albiventris, fraseri and lamonae as distinct species. Regarding E. reginae, our results are in conflict with recent taxonomic proposals in that (1) E. reginae is paraphyletic, and (2) E. zweifeli from Trinidad and E. reginae from Amazonian Ecuador are not reciprocally monophyletic. Finally, we recommend caution when proposing taxonomic changes based on incomplete geographic and/or character sampling of widespread Neotropical taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Torres-Carvajal
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Katherin C Hinojosa
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
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30
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Frazão L, Oliveira ME, Menin M, Campos J, Almeida A, Kaefer IL, Hrbek T. Species richness and composition of snake assemblages in poorly accessible areas in the Brazilian Amazonia. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Snakes are a diverse group of terrestrial vertebrates of the order Squamata. Despite that, in the Amazonian biome, information about distribution and identification of snakes is limited when compared to other groups. Additionally, in Amazonia there is a sampling bias towards areas geographically close to urban centers and more densely populated areas. This in turn leads to false distribution gaps in poorly accessible areas of Amazonia. In this article we report the composition of snake assemblages in six areas of the Brazilian Amazonia, based on field sampling conducted over four years using standardized methods. We sampled 70 species from eight families: Typhlopidae (n=1), Leptotyphlopidae (n=1), Anillidae (n=1), Boidae (n=5), Colubridae (n=15), Dipsadidae (n=35), Elapidae (n=7), and Viperidae (n=5). The largest number of species was recorded in the Trombetas River area and the lowest in the Jatapu River area. The total beta diversity was 0.40 and the snake assemblages were structured mainly by replacement (72.5%). The time-limited search was the method that recorded the greatest number of individuals in the studied areas (44.1%) and also the greatest number of species (n=40). However, some species were recorded only by other methods such as interception by pitfall traps with directional fences. Despite the large number of species sampled in the study, no particular area comprised more than 40% of species registered in all the areas, indicating that snakes are poorly detected even with large sampling effort across multiple areas of a species distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Frazão
- Bionorte - Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil
| | | | - Marcelo Menin
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil
| | | | - Alexandre Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Igor L. Kaefer
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil
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31
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Vieira WLS, Brito JAM, Morais ERD, Vieira DC, Vieira KS, Freire EMX. Snakes in a seasonally dry tropical forest in northeastern Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: This study aimed to provide information on composition, abundance, and estimated snakes richness in an area of arboreal Caatinga (seasonally dry tropical forest) and analyze patterns of faunistic similarity between assemblages of snakes in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The snakes found within the Fazenda Almas Natural Private Reserve (RPPN Fazenda Almas) were sampled during a 10-year period, with monthly monitoring, employing time constrained search, pitfall traps with drift fences, and donations from local collectors. Twenty-two snake species were recorded, with a predominance of terrestrial species with diurnal-nocturnal activity patterns. The species accumulation curves reached its asymptote, indicating that all possible species in the study area had been recorded. Our results indicated that the snake fauna in the study area is similar to other snake assemblages in localities with Caatinga vegetation in the Sertaneja Depression (“Depressão Sertaneja”) drylands, and that those assemblages constitute faunistic units typical of the interior of northeastern Brazil.
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32
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Nogueira CC, Argôlo AJ, Arzamendia V, Azevedo JA, Barbo FE, Bérnils RS, Bolochio BE, Borges-Martins M, Brasil-Godinho M, Braz H, Buononato MA, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Colli GR, Costa HC, Franco FL, Giraudo A, Gonzalez RC, Guedes T, Hoogmoed MS, Marques OA, Montingelli GG, Passos P, Prudente AL, Rivas GA, Sanchez PM, Serrano FC, Silva NJ, Strüssmann C, Vieira-Alencar JPS, Zaher H, Sawaya RJ, Martins M. Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-19-00120.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano C. Nogueira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J.S. Argôlo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vanesa Arzamendia
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Josué A. Azevedo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fausto E. Barbo
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Bérnils
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29932-540, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bruna E. Bolochio
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Borges-Martins
- Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcela Brasil-Godinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Evolução e Diversidade, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Braz
- Divisão de Biologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, 17-1200-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Guarino R. Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Henrique C. Costa
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia. Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francisco L. Franco
- Divisão de Biologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Giraudo
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo C. Gonzalez
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís Guedes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marinus S. Hoogmoed
- Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 66017-970, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Otavio A.V. Marques
- Divisão de Biologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana L.C. Prudente
- Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 66017-970, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Gilson A. Rivas
- Museo de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 526, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela
| | - Paola M. Sanchez
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 04263-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe C. Serrano
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson J. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 74605-140, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Christine Strüssmann
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - João Paulo S. Vieira-Alencar
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 04263-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J. Sawaya
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Martins
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Urra FA, Miranda-Calle AB, Araya-Maturana R. Philodryas (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) Envenomation, a Neglected Issue in Chile. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E697. [PMID: 31795440 PMCID: PMC6950111 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation is considered a neglected tropical disease, although it also occurs outside the tropics. In this work, we analyzed the literature on Philodryas species in Chile (Philodryaschamissonis, P.simonsii, and P.tachymenoides) from 1834 to 2019, searching for epidemiological, clinical, and molecular aspects of envenomation. Ninety-one percent of the studies found regarded taxonomy, ecology, and natural history, suggesting that snakebites and venom toxins are a neglected issue in Chile. All snakebite cases reported and toxicological studies concerned the species Philodryaschamissonis. Using 185 distributional records from the literature and museum collections for this species, we show for the first time that the reported snakebite cases correlate with human population density, occurring in the Valparaiso and Metropolitan regions in Central Chile. The reduced number of snakebite cases, which were previously considered as having a low incidence in Chile, may be a consequence of under-reported cases, probably due to the inadequate publication or scarce research on this issue. Absence of information about official pharmacological treatment, post-envenoming sequels, clinical management of particular patient groups (e.g., with non-communicable diseases, pregnant women, and the elderly) was also detected. In conclusion, despite having over 185 years of literature on Chilean snakes, knowledge on the envenomation of Philodryas genus remains scarce, seriously affecting adequate medical handling during an ophidic accident. This review highlights the need to develop deep research in this area and urgent improvements to the management of this disease in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix A. Urra
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | | | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
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Martins A, Koch C, Pinto R, Folly M, Fouquet A, Passos P. From the inside out: Discovery of a new genus of threadsnakes based on anatomical and molecular data, with discussion of the leptotyphlopid hemipenial morphology. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angele Martins
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Claudia Koch
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) Bonn Germany
| | - Roberta Pinto
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Anfíbios e Répteis, Museu de Arqueologia da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco Universidade Católica de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Manuella Folly
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR5174 Toulouse France
| | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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35
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Cabeza O, Vargas E, Ibarra C, Urra F. Observations on reproduction in captivity of the endemic long-tailed snake Philodryas chamissonis (Wiegmann, 1835) (Reptilia, Squamata, Dipsadidae) from Chile. HERPETOZOA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e36705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-tailed snake Philodryas chamissonis is an oviparous rear-fanged species endemic to Chile, whose reproductive biology is currently based on anecdotic reports. The characteristics of the eggs, incubation time, and hatching are still unknown. This work describes for the first time the oviposition of 16 eggs by a female in captivity at Zoológico Nacional in Chile. After an incubation period of 59 days, seven neonates were born. We recorded data of biometry and ecdysis of these neonates for 9 months. In addition, a review about parameters of egg incubation and hatching for Philodryas species is provided.
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Abstract
Paraguay is a key spot in the central region of South America where several ecoregions converge. Its fauna (and specifically its herpetofauna) is getting better studied than years before, but still there is a lack of information regarding molecular genetics, and barcoding analyses have proven to be an excellent tool in this matter. Here, we present results of a barcoding analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, providing valuable data for the scientific community in the region. We based our fieldwork in several areas of Paraguay. We analyzed 249 samples (142 sequenced by us) with a final alignment of 615 bp length. We identified some taxonomic incongruences that can be addressed based on our results. Furthermore, we identify groups, where collecting efforts and research activities should be reinforced. Even though we have some blanks in the geographical coverage of our analysis—and there is still a lot to do towards a better understanding of the taxonomy of the Paraguayan herpetofauna—here, we present the largest genetic dataset for the mitochondrial DNA gene 16S of reptiles (particularly, Squamata) from Paraguay, which can be used to solve taxonomic problems in the region.
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Santos-Jr AP, Almeida-Santos DA, Ribeiro S, Carmargo IC, da Costa Prudente AL. Distribution extension of Phimophis guerini (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) in the Brazilian Amazon. ZOOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.36.e27645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phimophisguerini Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 is a Xenodontinae snake distributed in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. In Brazil, the species is broadly distributed, occurring mainly in open areas of the Cerrado, but also in the Amazon, Atlantic forest and Caatinga. We provide a new record for this species from the municipality of Santarém in the western portion of the state of Pará (Brazil). Five specimens were collected in a small area covered with Amazonian Savanna vegetation. We also provide the description of the morphological variation for the collected specimens. The new record extends the northern limit of the distribution by some 640 km (from Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Parauapebas municipality, eastern Pará). The record from Santarém provides a third locality for P.guerini within the Amazon biome and supports the hypothesis of a past ecological corridor linking the Cerrado and the open habitats within the Amazon.
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Melo-Sampaio PR, Passos P, Fouquet A, Prudente ALDC, Torres-Carvajal O. Systematic review of Atractus schach (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) species complex from the Guiana Shield with description of three new species. SYST BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2019.1611674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Melo-Sampaio
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, Bâtiment 4R1, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Ana Lucia Da Costa Prudente
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, CP 399, Belém, Pará, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Omar Torres-Carvajal
- Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado, Quito, 17-01-2184, Ecuador
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Zaher H, Murphy RW, Arredondo JC, Graboski R, Machado-Filho PR, Mahlow K, Montingelli GG, Quadros AB, Orlov NL, Wilkinson M, Zhang YP, Grazziotin FG. Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216148. [PMID: 31075128 PMCID: PMC6512042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenophidian snakes include the file snake genus Acrochordus and advanced colubroidean snakes that radiated mainly during the Neogene. Although caenophidian snakes are a well-supported clade, their inferred affinities, based either on molecular or morphological data, remain poorly known or controversial. Here, we provide an expanded molecular phylogenetic analysis of Caenophidia and use three non-parametric measures of support-Shimodaira-Hasegawa-Like test (SHL), Felsentein (FBP) and transfer (TBE) bootstrap measures-to evaluate the robustness of each clade in the molecular tree. That very different alternative support values are common suggests that results based on only one support value should be viewed with caution. Using a scheme to combine support values, we find 20.9% of the 1265 clades comprising the inferred caenophidian tree are unambiguously supported by both SHL and FBP values, while almost 37% are unsupported or ambiguously supported, revealing the substantial extent of phylogenetic problems within Caenophidia. Combined FBP/TBE support values show similar results, while SHL/TBE result in slightly higher combined values. We consider key morphological attributes of colubroidean cranial, vertebral and hemipenial anatomy and provide additional morphological evidence supporting the clades Colubroides, Colubriformes, and Endoglyptodonta. We review and revise the relevant caenophidian fossil record and provide a time-calibrated tree derived from our molecular data to discuss the main cladogenetic events that resulted in present-day patterns of caenophidian diversification. Our results suggest that all extant families of Colubroidea and Elapoidea composing the present-day endoglyptodont fauna originated rapidly within the early Oligocene-between approximately 33 and 28 Mya-following the major terrestrial faunal turnover known as the "Grande Coupure" and associated with the overall climate shift at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Our results further suggest that the caenophidian radiation originated within the Caenozoic, with the divergence between Colubroides and Acrochordidae occurring in the early Eocene, at ~ 56 Mya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- CR2P –Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Muséum national d’Histoire
naturelle – Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- Centre for Biodiversity, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming
Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
| | | | - Roberta Graboski
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará,
Brazil
| | | | - Kristin Mahlow
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity
Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ana Bottallo Quadros
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- CR2P –Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Muséum national d’Histoire
naturelle – Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nikolai L. Orlov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg,
Russia
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming
Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan
University, Kunming, China
| | - Felipe G. Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São
Paulo, Brazil
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Loebens L, Hendges CD, Almeida-Santos SM, Cechin SZ. Morphological variation and sexual dimorphism in two sympatric dipsadine snakes from Southern Brazil. ZOOL ANZ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eisfeld A, Vrcibradic D. Reproductive aspects of the semi-aquatic snake Erythrolamprus miliaris (Dipsadidae: Xenodontini) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20170657. [PMID: 30994745 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920170657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed some aspects of reproduction and sexual dimorphism of the semi-aquatic dipsadid snake Erythrolamprus miliaris in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. We detected sexual dimorphism in body size (snout-vent length), with females averaging larger than males, but no sexual dimorphism in the relative length of the tail. Oviductal eggs and secondary follicles were found in all seasons, suggesting that female reproductive cycles are continuous, in spite of the tropical seasonal climate in the region. Reproductive males were present throughout the year, suggesting a continuous cycle for males as well. Clutch size averaged 10.3 ± 4.8 (range 4-21) and there was a positive and significant relationship between clutch size and female size. Compared to conspecific populations previously studied in other Atlantic Rainforest areas, populations of E. miliaris from the state of Rio de Janeiro appear more similar overall in their reproductive traits to a more northern population from the state of Bahia than to populations from further south in the states of São Paulo and Paraná.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Eisfeld
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-255 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Davor Vrcibradic
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-255 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Deepak V, Ruane S, Gower DJ. A new subfamily of fossorial colubroid snakes from the Western Ghats of peninsular India. J NAT HIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1557756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sara Ruane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - David J. Gower
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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43
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Murphy JC, Braswell AL, Charles SP, Auguste RJ, Rivas GA, orzée A, Lehtinen RM, Jowers MJ. A new species of Erythrolamprus from the oceanic island of Tobago (Squamata, Dipsadidae). Zookeys 2019; 817:131-157. [PMID: 30686927 PMCID: PMC6342902 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.817.30811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobago is a small island on the southeast edge of the Caribbean Plate with a continental flora and fauna. Using DNA sequences from Genbank, new sequences, and morphological data from the snakes Erythrolamprusepinephalus, E.melanotus, E.reginae, and E.zweifeli, the species status of specimens of a Tobago snake previously considered to be Erythrolamprusreginae was assessed. Erythrolampruszweifeli, long considered a subspecies of E.reginae, was found to be a northern Venezuela-Trinidad endemic and the sister to E.reginae. The trans-Andean species E.epinephalus is shown to be non-monophyletic while the Costa Rican lineage of E.epinephalus is weakly supported as the sister to the Tobago population. The Tobago Erythrolamprus is described as a distinct taxon based upon five specimens from four localities in lower montane rainforest. Much of the new species range includes the Main Ridge Forest Reserve of Tobago, the oldest protected forest in the Western Hemisphere. All known locations fall within a 400-ha area, and its total geographic distribution is likely to be less than 4,566 ha. The restricted distribution of this new snake makes it a likely candidate for threatened status. The new species also becomes another biogeographic link between northern Venezuela and Tobago.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Murphy
- Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Alvin L. Braswell
- North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Stevland P. Charles
- Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA
| | - Renoir J. Auguste
- Department of Life Science, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, WI
| | - Gilson A. Rivas
- Museo de Biologia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 526, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela
| | - Amaël orzée
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Michael J. Jowers
- CIBIO/InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario De Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- National Institute of Ecology, 1210, Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33657, Republic of Korea
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Pizzatto L, Oliveira JLD, Marques OA, Martins M. Body Shape and Food Habits of South American Goo-Eater Snakes of the GenusSibynomorphus. J HERPETOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00049.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Pizzatto
- Conjoint Researcher, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, 2308, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Juliana Lima de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Otavio A.V. Marques
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Martins
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Menezes FDA, Abegg AD, da Silva BR, Franco FL, Feio RN. Composition and natural history of the snakes from the Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio, southern Minas Gerais, Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil. Zookeys 2018; 797:117-160. [PMID: 30505164 PMCID: PMC6255884 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.797.24549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Serra da Mantiqueira is one of the least inventoried physiographic areas of southeastern Brazil. There is great potential for detection of endemic species for which little or nothing is known about basic aspects of natural history. The Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio (PESP) within the Serra da Mantiqueira is an area of extreme biological importance because it houses mixed formations of grasslands, ombrophilous forests, and enclaves of Araucaria forests (mixed ombrophilous forest). Currently, the mixed ombrophilous forest covers less than 5% of its original range and areas occupied by this forest type, and associated ecosystems constitute refuges, housing several endemic, high altitude species. Between September 2015 and April 2016, field samplings were performed in the PESP using four distinct methods. The objective was to determine the composition and natural history of snakes from an isolated, high altitude area of the Serra da Mantiqueira. In PESP and surrounding areas, 80 individuals representing 24 species, 19 genera, and three families were recorded. Data are presented on abundance, habitat, daily activity, diet, reproduction, and defense. Comparison of the PESP snake assemblage with 30 other Atlantic Forest areas in southeastern Brazil indicate the Serra da Mantiqueira presents particular characteristics regarding snake composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico de Alcântara Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, CEP 36571-000, Viçosa, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de ViçosaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Arthur Diesel Abegg
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1.500, Butantã, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstituto Butantan, Laboratório Especial de Coleções ZoológicasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Bruno Rocha da Silva
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1.500, Butantã, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstituto Butantan, Laboratório Especial de Coleções ZoológicasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Francisco Luís Franco
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1.500, Butantã, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstituto Butantan, Laboratório Especial de Coleções ZoológicasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Renato Neves Feio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, CEP 36571-000, Viçosa, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de ViçosaSão PauloBrazil
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Torres-Bonilla KA, Andrade-Silva D, Serrano SMT, Hyslop S. Biochemical characterization of venom from Pseudoboa neuwiedii (Neuwied's false boa; Xenodontinae; Pseudoboini). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 213:27-38. [PMID: 29966733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we examined the proteolytic and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities of venom from the opisthoglyphous colubrid Pseudoboa neuwiedii. Proteolytic activity (3 and 10 μg of venom) was comparable to that of Bothrops neuwiedii venom but less than Bothrops atrox. This activity was inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline but only slightly affected (≤30% inhibition) by PMSF and AEBSF, indicating it was mediated by snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). The pH and temperature optima for proteolytic activity were 8.0 and 37 °C, respectively. The venom had no esterase activity, whereas PLA2 activity was similar to B. atrox, greater than B. neuwiedii but less than B. jararacussu. SDS-PAGE revealed venom proteins >100 kDa, 45-70 kDa, 21-24 kDa and ~15 kDa, and mass spectrometry of protein bands revealed SVMPs, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) and PLA2, but no serine proteinases. In gelatin zymography, the most active bands occurred at 65-68 kDa (seen with 0.05-0.25 μg of venom). Caseinolytic activity occurred at 50-66 kDa and was generally weaker than gelatinolytic activity. RP-HPLC of venom yielded 15 peaks, five of which showed gelatinolytic activity; peak 7 was the most active and apparently contained a P-III class SVMP. The venom showed α-fibrinogenase activity, without affecting the β and γ chains; this activity was inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline. The venom did not clot rat citrated plasma but reduced the rate and extent of coagulation after plasma recalcification. In conclusion, P. neuwiedii venom is highly proteolytic and could potentially affect coagulation in vivo by degrading fibrinogen via SVMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian A Torres-Bonilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Andrade-Silva
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Avenida Brazil 1500, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Avenida Brazil 1500, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Zaher H, Yánez-Muñoz MH, Rodrigues MT, Graboski R, Machado FA, Altamirano-Benavides M, Bonatto SL, Grazziotin FG. Origin and hidden diversity within the poorly known Galápagos snake radiation (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1478910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, 04263-000, Brazil
| | - Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Av. De los Shyris y Rumipamba 341, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel T. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberta Graboski
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, 04263-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Machado
- División de Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires (C1405DJR), Argentina
| | - Marco Altamirano-Benavides
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnológicas (INCYT), Universidad Iberoamericana del Ecuador, 9 de Octubre N25-12 y Colón, Quito, Ecuador
- Estación Científica Amazonica Juri-Juri Kawsay, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Av. América N23-41 y Mercadillo, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sandro L. Bonatto
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619--900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Felipe G. Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
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Arteaga A, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Mebert K, Peñafiel N, Aguiar G, Sánchez-Nivicela JC, Pyron RA, Colston TJ, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Yánez-Muñoz MH, Venegas PJ, Guayasamin JM, Torres-Carvajal O. Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru. Zookeys 2018; 766:79-147. [PMID: 29942172 PMCID: PMC6013545 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.766.24523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical snail-eating snakes (tribe Dipsadini) is presented including 43 (24 for the first time) of the 77 species, sampled for both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Morphological and phylogenetic support was found for four new species of Dipsas and one of Sibon, which are described here based on their unique combination of molecular, meristic, and color pattern characteristics. Sibynomorphus is designated as a junior subjective synonym of Dipsas. Dipsas latifrontalis and D. palmeri are resurrected from the synonymy of D. peruana. Dipsas latifasciata is transferred from the synonymy of D. peruana to the synonymy of D. palmeri. A new name, D. jamespetersi, is erected for the taxon currently known as Sibynomorphus petersi. Re-descriptions of D. latifrontalis and D. peruana are presented, as well as the first photographic voucher of an adult specimen of D. latifrontalis, along with photographs of all known Ecuadorian Dipsadini species. The first country record of D. variegata in Ecuador is provided and D. oligozonata removed from the list of Peruvian herpetofauna. With these changes, the number of Dipsadini reported in Ecuador increases to 22, 18 species of Dipsas and four of Sibon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Arteaga
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
- Tropical Herping, Quito, Ecuador
| | - David Salazar-Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Konrad Mebert
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Nicolás Peñafiel
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - R. Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Timothy J. Colston
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Zoología Terrestre & Museo de Zoología, Quito, Ecuador
- División de Herpetología, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
- King’s College London, Department of Geography, London, UK
| | - Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz
- División de Herpetología, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pablo J. Venegas
- División de Herpetología-Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Lima, Peru
| | - Juan M. Guayasamin
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, campus Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Omar Torres-Carvajal
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Martins A, Passos P, Pinto R. Unveiling diversity under the skin: comparative morphology study of the cephalic glands in threadsnakes (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae: Epictinae). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-018-0409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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