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Münter R, Bak M, Thomsen ME, Parhamifar L, Stensballe A, Simonsen JB, Kristensen K, Andresen TL. Deciphering the monocyte-targeting mechanisms of PEGylated cationic liposomes by investigating the biomolecular corona. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124129. [PMID: 38621615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes specifically target monocytes in blood, rendering them promising drug-delivery tools for cancer immunotherapy, vaccines, and therapies for monocytic leukaemia. The mechanism behind this monocyte targeting ability is, however, not understood, but may involve plasma proteins adsorbed on the liposomal surfaces. To shed light on this, we investigated the biomolecular corona of three different types of PEGylated cationic liposomes, finding all of them to adsorb hyaluronan-associated proteins and proteoglycans upon incubation in human blood plasma. This prompted us to study the role of the TLR4 co-receptors CD44 and CD14, both involved in signalling and uptake pathways of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. We found that separate inhibition of each of these receptors hampered the monocyte uptake of the liposomes in whole human blood. Based on clues from the biomolecular corona, we have thus identified two receptors involved in the targeting and uptake of cationic liposomes in monocytes, in turn suggesting that certain proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans may serve as monocyte-targeting opsonins. This mechanistic knowledge may pave the way for rational design of future monocyte-targeting drug-delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Münter
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Bak
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel E Thomsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Ladan Parhamifar
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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2
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Lu Q, Kou D, Lou S, Ashrafizadeh M, Aref AR, Canadas I, Tian Y, Niu X, Wang Y, Torabian P, Wang L, Sethi G, Tergaonkar V, Tay F, Yuan Z, Han P. Nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:16. [PMID: 38566199 PMCID: PMC10986145 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in the clinical delivery of immunomodulatory compounds. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising macrophages, fibroblasts, and immune cells, plays a crucial role in immune response modulation. Nanoparticles, engineered to reshape the TME, have shown promising results in enhancing immunotherapy by facilitating targeted delivery and immune modulation. These nanoparticles can suppress fibroblast activation, promote M1 macrophage polarization, aid dendritic cell maturation, and encourage T cell infiltration. Biomimetic nanoparticles further enhance immunotherapy by increasing the internalization of immunomodulatory agents in immune cells such as dendritic cells. Moreover, exosomes, whether naturally secreted by cells in the body or bioengineered, have been explored to regulate the TME and immune-related cells to affect cancer immunotherapy. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, activated by pH, redox, and light conditions, exhibit the potential to accelerate immunotherapy. The co-application of nanoparticles with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an emerging strategy to boost anti-tumor immunity. With their ability to induce long-term immunity, nanoarchitectures are promising structures in vaccine development. This review underscores the critical role of nanoparticles in overcoming current challenges and driving the advancement of cancer immunotherapy and TME modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dongquan Kou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenghan Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Israel Canadas
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, USA
| | - Xiaojia Niu
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Pedram Torabian
- Cumming School of Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Franklin Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.
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3
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Gandek TB, van der Koog L, Nagelkerke A. A Comparison of Cellular Uptake Mechanisms, Delivery Efficacy, and Intracellular Fate between Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300319. [PMID: 37384827 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect for successful drug delivery via lipid-based nanoparticles is their internalization in target cells. Two prominent examples of such drug delivery systems are artificial phospholipid-based carriers, such as liposomes, and their biological counterparts, the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite a wealth of literature, it remains unclear which mechanisms precisely orchestrate nanoparticle-mediated cargo delivery to recipient cells and the subsequent intracellular fate of therapeutic cargo. In this review, internalization mechanisms involved in the uptake of liposomes and EVs by recipient cells are evaluated, also exploring their intracellular fate after intracellular trafficking. Opportunities are highlighted to tweak these internalization mechanisms and intracellular fates to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these drug delivery systems. Overall, literature to date shows that both liposomes and EVs are predominantly internalized through classical endocytosis mechanisms, sharing a common fate: accumulation inside lysosomes. Studies tackling the differences between liposomes and EVs, with respect to cellular uptake, intracellular delivery and therapy efficacy, remain scarce, despite its importance for the selection of an appropriate drug delivery system. In addition, further exploration of functionalization strategies of both liposomes and EVs represents an important avenue to pursue in order to control internalization and fate, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea B Gandek
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, XB20, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| | - Luke van der Koog
- Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, XB10, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, XB20, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
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4
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Ahmad AAM, Elmowalid GA, Abdelhamid AE, Mohammad AAE, Abdelwahab AMO. Nigella sativa-chitosan nanoparticles: Novel intestinal mucosal immunomodulator controls and protects against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:103. [PMID: 37528439 PMCID: PMC10391840 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) propagates in chickens' gastrointestinal surfaces and is transmitted to humans, causing food poisoning. Oral supplementation with natural nanoparticles can overcome the harsh gastrointestinal conditions facing oral vaccines and requires no antibiotic administration to protect against microbial infection. This study was designed to study Nigella sativa-chitosan nanoparticles (CNP-NS) prophylactic immunomodulatory efficacy against SE infection in broiler chicks. The CNP-NS was prepared and characterized, and its in vivo immunomodulatory activities against an avian virulent-MDR SE-induced challenge in chicks were investigated. RESULT To verify the immune-protective activities of the CNP-NS, colony forming units (CFU) in the liver and fecal droppings; intestinal histopathological alterations and immune cell recruitment; MUC-2, TLR-4, cecal cytokines, and specific IgA gene expression levels were assessed. On the 7th and 12th days after the SE challenge, the CNP-NS supplemented chicks showed complete clearance of SE CFU in livers and fecal droppings, as well as an improvement in food conversion rate compared to non-supplemented CNP-NS that revealed the presence of the challenge SE CFU on the same days. A prominent influx of antigen presenting cells and lymphoid aggregates into the intestinal wall, spleen, and liver was detected with improvements in the intestinal villi morphometry of the CNP-NS-supplemented chicks. The changes of INF-γ, IL-1β, and IL-4 cecal cytokines, as well as TLR-4, MUC-2, and IgA mRNA expression levels, confirm CNP-NS immunomodulatory activities and provide a mechanism(s) for its protective actions against the induced SE challenge of the tested chickens. CONCLUSION These findings suggest promising useful insights into CNP-NS supplementation as a safe food additive for poultry meat consumers' and a protective immunomodulator of the chickens' mucosal immune systems. It could be recommended for epidemiological purposes to reduce the risk of SE food poisoning and transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Attia M Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Elmowalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdelhamid
- Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ashraf M O Abdelwahab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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5
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Quintero Barbosa JS, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Pérez SE, Gutierrez MF. Humoral Immune Response of Mice against a Vaccine Candidate Composed of a Chimera of gB of Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1173. [PMID: 37514988 PMCID: PMC10386439 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine meningoencephalitis are caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus (BoHV) types 1 and 5, which seriously threaten the global cattle industry. Vaccination to improve immunity is the most direct and effective means to prevent these conditions. Glycoprotein B (gB) is essential for the attachment of both viruses to permissive cells, and is a major target of the host immune system, inducing a strong humoral response. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a murine model, the immune response of a candidate vaccine formulation composed of a chimeric BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 gB (DgB), expressed in Komagataella phaffii. The chimeric DgB vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide 50 ISA V2 or aluminum hydroxide was administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. A control group and a group that received a commercial vaccine were inoculated subcutaneously. Higher titers of neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1, BoHV-5, and a natural BoHV-1/5 recombinant strain were obtained with the oil-based candidate vaccine formulation administered intramuscularly. The results demonstrated that the chimeric DgB conserved important epitopes that were able to stimulate a humoral immune response capable of neutralizing BoHV-1, BoHV-5, and the recombinant strain, suggesting that the vaccine antigen is a promising candidate to be further evaluated in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Quintero Barbosa
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Group, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
| | - Sandra E Pérez
- Tandil Veterinary Research Center (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires, Tandil B7000GHG, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Gutierrez
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Group, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
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6
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Agallou M, Margaroni M, Tsanaktsidou E, Badounas F, Kammona O, Kiparissides C, Karagouni E. A liposomal vaccine promotes strong adaptive immune responses via dendritic cell activation in draining lymph nodes. J Control Release 2023; 356:386-401. [PMID: 36893900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Subunit proteins provide a safe source of antigens for vaccine development especially for intracellular infections which require the induction of strong cellular immune responses. However, those antigens are often limited by their low immunogenicity. In order to achieve effective immune responses, they should be encapsulated into a stable antigen delivery system combined with an appropriate adjuvant. As such cationic liposomes provide an efficient platform for antigen delivery. In the present study, we describe a liposomal vaccine platform for co-delivery of antigens and adjuvants able to elicit strong antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Liposomes are composed of the cationic lipid dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB), cholesterol (CHOL) and oleic acid (OA). Physicochemical characterization of the formulations showed that their size was in the range of ∼250 nm with a positive zeta potential which was affected in some cases by the enviromental pH facilitating endosomal escape of potential vaccine cargo. In vitro, liposomes were effectively taken up by bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) and when encapsulated IMQ they promoted BMDCs maturation and activation. Upon in vivo intramuscular administration, liposomes' active drainage to lymph nodes was mediated by DCs, B cells and macrophages. Thus, mice immunization with liposomes having encapsulated LiChimera, a previously characterized anti-leishmanial antigen, and IMQ elicited infiltration of CD11blow DCs populations in draining LNs followed by increased antigen-specific IgG, IgG2a and IgG1 levels production as well as indcution of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Collectively, the present work provides a proof-of-concept that cationic liposomes composed of DDAB, CHOL and OA adjuvanted with IMQ provide an efficient delivery platform for protein antigens able to induce strong adaptive immune responses via DCs targeting and induction of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Agallou
- Immunology of Infection Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 125 21, Greece
| | - Maritsa Margaroni
- Immunology of Infection Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 125 21, Greece
| | - Evgenia Tsanaktsidou
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, Thessaloniki 57 001, Greece
| | - Fotis Badounas
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 125 21, Greece
| | - Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, Thessaloniki 57 001, Greece
| | - Costas Kiparissides
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, Thessaloniki 57 001, Greece; Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 472, Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Evdokia Karagouni
- Immunology of Infection Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 125 21, Greece.
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7
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Duong VT, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Towards the development of subunit vaccines against tuberculosis: The key role of adjuvant. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 139:102307. [PMID: 36706503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death triggered by a single infectious agent, worldwide. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only currently licensed anti-TB vaccine. However, other strategies, including modification of recombinant BCG vaccine, attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mutant constructs, DNA and protein subunit vaccines, are under extensive investigation. As whole pathogen vaccines can trigger serious adverse reactions, most current strategies are focused on the development of safe anti-TB subunit vaccines; this is especially important given the rising TB infection rate in immunocompromised HIV patients. The whole Mtb genome has been mapped and major antigens have been identified; however, optimal vaccine delivery mode is still to be established. Isolated protein antigens are typically poorly immunogenic so adjuvants are required to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. This article aims to review the developmental status of anti-TB subunit vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Tram Duong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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8
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de Andrade L, Duarte EL, Lamy MT, Rozenfeld JHK. Thermotropic Behavior and Structural Organization of C24:1 Sulfatide Dispersions and Its Mixtures with Cationic Bilayers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5306-5315. [PMID: 36816677 PMCID: PMC9933474 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
C24:1 sulfatide (SF) is an endogenous activator of type II NKT cells. The thermotropic behavior and structure of SF dispersions and its mixtures (4.8-16.6 mol %) with cationic dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) bilayers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The non-interdigitated lamellar structures formed by pure SF display broad thermal events around 27.5 °C when heated and cooled. These events disappear upon mixing with DODAB, showing complete lipid miscibility. SF decreases the DODAB gel-phase packing, with a consequent decrease in phase-transition temperatures and cooperativity upon heating. In contrast, SF increases the rigidity of the DODAB fluid phase, resulting in a smaller decrease in transition temperatures upon cooling. The hysteresis between heating and cooling decreased as the SF molar fraction increased. These effects on DODAB are similar to the ones described for other glycolipids, such as αGalCer and βGlcCer. This might be due to the orientation of the rigid and planar amide bond that connects their sphingoid bases and acyl chains, which result in a V-shaped conformation of the glycolipid molecules. The current results may be important to plan and develop new immunotherapeutic tools based on SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Andrade
- Departamento
de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro L. Duarte
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade de São
Paulo, Rua do Matão
1371, 05508090São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Teresa Lamy
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade de São
Paulo, Rua do Matão
1371, 05508090São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio H. K. Rozenfeld
- Departamento
de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Licensed liposomal vaccines and adjuvants in the antigen delivery system. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2022; 103:409-423. [PMID: 36685697 PMCID: PMC9837556 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2022.120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes (LSs) are promising nanoparticles with unique properties such as controlled nanosize, large surface area, increased reactivity, and ability to undergo modification. Worldwide, licensed liposomal forms of antibiotics, hormones, antioxidants, cytostatics, ophthalmic drugs, etc., are available on the pharmaceutical market. This review focuses on the adjuvant properties of LSs in the production of vaccines (VACs). LS-VACs have the following advantages: antigens with low immunogenicity can become highly immunogenic; LSs can include both hydrophilic and hydrophobic antigens; LSs allow to achieve a prolonged specific action of antibodies; and LSs reduce the toxicity and pyrogenicity of encapsulated antigens and adjuvants. The immune response is influenced by the composition of the liposomal membrane, physicochemical characteristics of lipids, antigen localization in LSs, interaction of LSs with complement, and a number of proteins, which leads to opsonization. The major requirements for adjuvants are their ability to enhance the immune response, biodegradability, and elimination from the organism, and LSs fully meet these requirements. The effectiveness and safety of LSs as carriers in the antigen delivery system have been proven by the long-term clinical use of licensed vaccines against hepatitis A, influenza, herpes zoster, malaria, and COVID-19.
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10
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Development of a rapid in vitro pre-screen for distinguishing effective liposome-adjuvant delivery systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12448. [PMID: 35859154 PMCID: PMC9299755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are a strong supporting tool in vaccine technology, as they are a versatile system that not only act as antigen delivery systems but also adjuvants that can be highly effective at stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Their ability to induce cell-mediated immunity makes their use in vaccines a useful tool in the development of novel, more effective vaccines against intracellular infections (e.g. HIV, malaria and tuberculosis). Currently, screening of novel liposome formulations uses murine in vivo models which generate data that often correlates poorly with human data. In addition, these models are both high cost and low throughput, making them prohibitive for large scale screening of formulation libraries. This study uses the cationic liposome formulation DDA:TDB (known as cationic adjuvant formulation 01 (CAF01)), as a lead formulation, along with other liposome formulations of known in vivo efficacy to develop an in vitro screening tool for liposome formulation development. THP-1-derived macrophages were the model antigen presenting cell used to assess the ability of the liposome formulations to attract, associate with and activate antigen presenting cells in vitro, crucial steps necessary for an effective immune response to antigen. By using a combination of in vitro functions, the study highlights the potential use of an in vitro screening tool, to predict the in vivo efficacy of novel liposome formulations. CAF01 was predicted as the most effective liposome formulation when assessing all in vitro functions and a measure of in vitro activation was able to predict 80% of the liposome correctly for their ability to induce an in vivo IFN-ү response.
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11
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Kiaie SH, Majidi Zolbanin N, Ahmadi A, Bagherifar R, Valizadeh H, Kashanchi F, Jafari R. Recent advances in mRNA-LNP therapeutics: immunological and pharmacological aspects. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:276. [PMID: 35701851 PMCID: PMC9194786 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics by lipid nanoparticles (LNP) leads to facilitate clinical trial recruitment, which improves the efficacy of treatment modality to a large extent. Although mRNA-LNP vaccine platforms for the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated high efficiency, safety and adverse effects challenges due to the uncontrolled immune responses and inappropriate pharmacological interventions could limit this tremendous efficacy. The current study reveals the interplay of immune responses with LNP compositions and characterization and clarifies the interaction of mRNA-LNP therapeutics with dendritic, macrophages, neutrophile cells, and complement. Then, pharmacological profiles for mRNA-LNP delivery, including pharmacokinetics and cellular trafficking, were discussed in detail in cancer types and infectious diseases. This review study opens a new and vital landscape to improve multidisciplinary therapeutics on mRNA-LNP through modulation of immunopharmacological responses in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Department of Formulation Development, ReNAP Therapeutics, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naime Majidi Zolbanin
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Pharmacy , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Rafieh Bagherifar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Discovery Hall Room 182, 10900 University Blvd, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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12
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Volokhov DV, Furtak V, Allen C, Pulle G, Zajac MD, Levin Y, Kochba E, Moore SM. Robust humoral immune response against rabies virus in rabbits and guinea pigs immunized with plasmid DNA vectors encoding rabies virus glycoproteins - An approach to the production of polyclonal antibody reagents. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 64:101833. [PMID: 35691598 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA-based immunization has been previously shown to be an efficient approach to induce robust immunity against infectious diseases in animals and humans. The advantages of DNA vaccines are simplicity of their construction and production, low cost, high stability, and ability to elicit a full spectrum of immune responses to target antigens. The goals of this study were (i) to assess the antibody immune response to rabies virus glycoproteins (rGPs) in rabbits and guinea pigs after intramuscular immunization with pTargeT and pVAC2-mcs mammalian expression vectors encoding either the wild-type (WT) or codon-optimized (cOPT) rGP genes; and (ii) to prepare in-house rabbit anti-rGP polyclonal antibody reagents suitable for in Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) and Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) assays. The maximum antibody responses against rabies virus in rabbits and guinea pigs were observed after immunization series with 500 μg/dose of pVAC2-mcs vector encoding either the WT or cOPT rGP genes adjuvanted with Emulsigen-D. No significant difference in the anti-rabies virus neutralizing antibody titers was observed in rabbits immunized with the WT and cOPT rGPs. The in-house rabbit anti-rGP polyclonal antibody reagents reacted comparable to the current reference reagents in SRID and IFA assays. The results of the study demonstrated that the DNA immunization of animals with the WT or cOPT rGPs is a promising approach to either induction of high anti-rabies virus neutralizing antibody titers in vivo or for production of polyclonal antibody reagents against rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Volokhov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| | - Vyacheslav Furtak
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Cynthia Allen
- Vaccine Quality Division, Center for Biologics Evaluation (CBE), Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate (BRDD), Health Canada, 100 Eglantine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Gayle Pulle
- Vaccine Quality Division, Center for Biologics Evaluation (CBE), Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate (BRDD), Health Canada, 100 Eglantine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michelle D Zajac
- Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, 1800 Denison Ave., Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Yotam Levin
- NanoPass Technologies Ltd., 3 Golda Meir St., Nes Ziona, 7403648, Israel
| | - Efrat Kochba
- NanoPass Technologies Ltd., 3 Golda Meir St., Nes Ziona, 7403648, Israel
| | - Susan M Moore
- The University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (VMDL), One Health Laboratory, 1509 Rollins St., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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13
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Mechanisms of selective monocyte targeting by liposomes functionalized with a cationic, arginine-rich lipopeptide. Acta Biomater 2022; 144:96-108. [PMID: 35314364 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of monocytes with immunomodulating agents can harness the immune system to treat a long range of diseases, including cancers, infections and autoimmune diseases. To this end we aimed to develop a monocyte-targeting delivery platform based on cationic liposomes, which can be utilized to deliver immunomodulators and thus induce monocyte-mediated immune responses while avoiding off-target side-effects. The cationic liposome design is based on functionalizing the liposomal membrane with a cholesterol-anchored tri-arginine peptide (TriArg). We demonstrate that TriArg liposomes can target monocytes with high specificity in both human and murine blood and that this targeting is dependent on the content of TriArg in the liposomal membrane. In addition, we show that the mechanism of selective monocyte targeting involves the CD14 co-receptor, and selectivity is compromised when the TriArg content is increased, resulting in complement-mediated off-target uptake in granulocytes. The presented mechanistic findings of uptake by peripheral blood leukocytes may guide the design of future drug delivery systems utilized for immunotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Monocytes are attractive targets for immunotherapies of cancers, infections and autoimmune diseases. Specific delivery of immunostimulatory drugs to monocytes is typically achieved using ligand-targeted drug delivery systems, but a simpler approach is to target monocytes using cationic liposomes. To achieve this, however, a deep understanding of the mechanisms governing the interactions of cationic liposomes with monocytes and other leukocytes is required. We here investigate these interactions using liposomes incorporating a cationic arginine-rich lipopeptide. We demonstrate that monocyte targeting can be achieved by fine-tuning the lipopeptide content in the liposomes. Additionally, we reveal that the CD14 receptor is involved in the targeting process, whereas the complement system is not. These mechanistic findings are critical for future design of monocyte-targeting liposomal therapies.
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Vincent MP, Navidzadeh JO, Bobbala S, Scott EA. Leveraging self-assembled nanobiomaterials for improved cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:255-276. [PMID: 35148814 PMCID: PMC8930620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials and targeted drug delivery vehicles improve the therapeutic index of drugs and permit greater control over their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and bioavailability. Here, nanotechnologies applied to cancer immunotherapy are discussed with a focus on current and next generation self-assembling drug delivery systems composed of lipids and/or polymers. Topics covered include the fundamental design, suitability, and inherent properties of nanomaterials that induce anti-tumor immune responses and support anti-cancer vaccination. Established active and passive targeting strategies as well as newer "indirect" methods are presented together with insights into how nanocarrier structure and surface chemistry can be leveraged for controlled delivery to the tumor microenvironment while minimizing off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Justin O Navidzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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15
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Du JJ, Zhou SH, Cheng ZR, Xu WB, Zhang RY, Wang LS, Guo J. MUC1 Specific Immune Responses Enhanced by Coadministration of Liposomal DDA/MPLA and Lipoglycopeptide. Front Chem 2022; 10:814880. [PMID: 35186882 PMCID: PMC8854779 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.814880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1), a well-known tumor-associated antigen and attractive target for tumor immunotherapy, is overexpressed in most human epithelial adenomas with aberrant glycosylation. However, its low immunogenicity impedes the development of MUC1-targeted antitumor vaccines. In this study, we investigated three liposomal adjuvant systems containing toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and auxiliary lipids of different charges: cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA), neutral lipid distearoylglycerophosphocholine (DSPC) or anionic lipid dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), respectively. ELISA assay evidenced that the positively charged DDA/MPLA liposomes are potent immune activators, which induced remarkable levels of anti-MUC1 antibodies and exhibited robust Th1-biased immune responses. Importantly, the antibodies induced by DDA/MPLA liposomes efficiently recognized and killed MUC1-positive tumor cells through complement-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, antibody titers in mice immunized with P2-MUC1 vaccine were significantly higher than those from mice immunized with P1-MUC1 or MUC1 vaccine, which indicated that the lipid conjugated on MUC1 antigen also played important role for immunomodulation. This study suggested that the liposomal DDA/MPLA with lipid-MUC1 is a promising antitumor vaccine, which can be used for the immunotherapy of various epithelial carcinomas represented by breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, College of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Shi-Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Ru Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, College of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Wen-Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Sheng Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Long-Sheng Wang, ; Jun Guo,
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Long-Sheng Wang, ; Jun Guo,
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Ali M, Bardhan S, Saha SK. Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate induced vesicle-to-micelle transition of aqueous dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide dispersion. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tiwari N, Osorio‐Blanco ER, Sonzogni A, Esporrín‐Ubieto D, Wang H, Calderón M. Nanocarriers for Skin Applications: Where Do We Stand? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tiwari
- POLYMAT Applied Chemistry Department Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Ernesto Rafael Osorio‐Blanco
- POLYMAT Applied Chemistry Department Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Ana Sonzogni
- Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET) Güemes 3450 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - David Esporrín‐Ubieto
- POLYMAT Applied Chemistry Department Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Huiyi Wang
- POLYMAT Applied Chemistry Department Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT Applied Chemistry Department Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48009 Bilbao Spain
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18
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Tiwari N, Osorio‐Blanco ER, Sonzogni A, Esporrín‐Ubieto D, Wang H, Calderón M. Nanocarriers for Skin Applications: Where Do We Stand? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202107960. [PMID: 34487599 PMCID: PMC9292798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin penetration of active molecules for treatment of diverse diseases is a major field of research owing to the advantages associated with the skin like easy accessibility, reduced systemic-derived side effects, and increased therapeutic efficacy. Despite these advantages, dermal drug delivery is generally challenging due to the low skin permeability of therapeutics. Although various methods have been developed to improve skin penetration and permeation of therapeutics, they are usually aggressive and could lead to irreversible damage to the stratum corneum. Nanosized carrier systems represent an alternative approach for current technologies, with minimal damage to the natural barrier function of skin. In this Review, the use of nanoparticles to deliver drug molecules, genetic material, and vaccines into the skin is discussed. In addition, nanotoxicology studies and the recent clinical development of nanoparticles are highlighted to shed light on their potential to undergo market translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tiwari
- POLYMATApplied Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUPaseo Manuel de Lardizabal 320018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | - Ernesto Rafael Osorio‐Blanco
- POLYMATApplied Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUPaseo Manuel de Lardizabal 320018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | - Ana Sonzogni
- Group of Polymers and Polymerization ReactorsINTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET)Güemes 3450Santa Fe3000Argentina
| | - David Esporrín‐Ubieto
- POLYMATApplied Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUPaseo Manuel de Lardizabal 320018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | - Huiyi Wang
- POLYMATApplied Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUPaseo Manuel de Lardizabal 320018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMATApplied Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUPaseo Manuel de Lardizabal 320018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science48009BilbaoSpain
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19
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Nagy NA, Castenmiller C, Vigario FL, Sparrius R, van Capel TM, de Haas AM, van Kooyk Y, van Ree R, Tas SW, Geijtenbeek TB, Jiskoot W, Slütter B, de Jong EC. Uptake Kinetics of Liposomal Formulations of Differing Charge Influences Development of In Vivo Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1081-1091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Bacteria biohybrid oral vaccines for colorectal cancer treatment reduce tumor growth and increase immune infiltration. Vaccine 2021; 39:5589-5599. [PMID: 34419301 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria biohybrid-based vaccine delivery systems, which integrate a vaccine carrier with live non-pathogenic bacteria, are hypothesized to have improved immunostimulating potential. The aim of this study was to develop oral bacteria biohybrid-based vaccines to treat a mouse model of colorectal cancer. E. coli were combined with tumor antigen- and adjuvant-containing emulsions or liposomes. Emulsion and liposome biohybrid vaccines demonstrated in vitro and in vivo therapeutic potential. Bacteria biohybrid vaccines significantly increased the expression of CD40+, CD80+ and CD86+ on murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Mice vaccinated with emulsion biohybrid vaccines had an increased CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors and developed three-fold smaller tumors compared to the mice that received emulsion vaccine without E. coli.
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21
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Rinaldi FM, Gaspar EB, Brito LT, Gaspari ED. Immunogenicity of antigens from outer membrane vesicles of Neisseria meningitidis associated with bilayer fragment of dioctadecyldimethylammonium in Swiss adult mice. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:106-122. [PMID: 34222123 PMCID: PMC8217576 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the present study, meningococcal serogroup B outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were associated with bilayer fragments of a cationic lipid, dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DDA-BF), used as adjuvant, in an antigenic preparation tested in adult female outbred mice. This adjuvant was compared to the traditional adjuvant aluminum hydroxide. Materials and Methods The potential in generating humoral response was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Individual serum was collected and immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b were quantified. Analyses were carried out 15 and 60 days after immunization. Antibodies avidity index were also analyzed by ELISA. Immunoblot and dot-ELISA were carried out to evaluate specific reaction for homologous strains and cross-reactive antigens present in other meningococcal strains isolated in 2011–2012 year, in Brazil. Delayed type hypersensitivity was used as indicative of cellular immunity and compared between two experimental groups, 24 hours after homologous strain challenge. Results The OMVs of Neisseria meningitidis, and N. lactamica (related species) were characterized by electrophoretic separation of proteins in 13% polyacrylamide gel. The strains presented antigens in the range of 8 to 130 kDa, showing a heterogeneous protein migration pattern. In the group immunized with OMVs/DDA-BF, we found no significant production of total IgG 15 days after the first immunization. On the other hand, 60 days after first immunization both adjuvants act benefiting total IgG production similarly. The antibodies of the IgG isotype produced by animals immunized after one or two doses after first immunization, showed intermediate and high avidity, independent on the adjuvant used. In both experimental groups the swelling of the footpads was significantly higher than those of the controls, suggesting that only one dose was enough to stimulate the generation of cellular immunity. Conclusion The use of this cationic adjuvant for N. meningitidis OMVs preparation revealed good potential for future new antigen preparation for N. meningitidis vaccine.
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22
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Wui SR, Ko A, Ryu JI, Sim E, Lim SJ, Park SA, Kim KS, Kim H, Youn H, Lee NG. The Effect of a TLR4 Agonist/Cationic Liposome Adjuvant on Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E Vaccine Efficacy: Antigen Presentation, Uptake, and Delivery to Lymph Nodes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030390. [PMID: 33804176 PMCID: PMC8001429 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant CIA09, composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP)-based cationic liposomes and the toll-like receptor 4 agonist de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS), has been shown to enhance antibody and cellular immune responses to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE), recombinant tuberculosis vaccine antigen, and inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine. In this study, we investigated its modes of action using VZV gE as a model antigen. Liposomes adsorbed gE and cooperatively with dLOS promoted endocytosis-mediated cellular uptake of gE by mouse dendritic cells in vitro. CIA09 increased the stability and cellular uptake of the antigen at the muscle site of injection, and induced immune cell recruitment and cytokine and chemokine production, which led to efficient antigen delivery to draining lymph nodes. Mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, pulsed with CIA09-adjuvanted gE, efficiently presented gE to antigen-specific T cells, inducing Th1-type biased immunity, as shown by high IFN-γ production. The data indicate that liposomes and dLOS cooperate in the adjuvant activity of CIA09 by promoting antigen uptake and delivery to lymph nodes as well as antigen presentation to T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ri Wui
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Ara Ko
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Ji In Ryu
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Eojin Sim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Soo Jeong Lim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | | | - Kwang Sung Kim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
- R & D Center, EyeGene, Goyang 10551, Korea;
| | - Ha Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.K.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.K.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Na Gyong Lee
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3408-3765; Fax: +82-2-3408-3334
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Thakur N, Thakur S, Chatterjee S, Das J, Sil PC. Nanoparticles as Smart Carriers for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Chem 2020; 8:597806. [PMID: 33409265 PMCID: PMC7779678 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.597806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of many forms of cancer by stimulating body's own immune system. This therapy not only eradicates tumor cells by inducing strong anti-tumor immune response but also prevent their recurrence. The clinical cancer immunotherapy faces some insurmountable challenges including high immune-mediated toxicity, lack of effective and targeted delivery of cancer antigens to immune cells and off-target side effects. However, nanotechnology offers some solutions to overcome those limitations, and thus can potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review focuses on the advancement of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of immunostimulating agents for efficient cancer immunotherapy. Here we have outlined the use of the immunostimulatory nanoparticles as a smart carrier for effective delivery of cancer antigens and adjuvants, type of interactions between nanoparticles and the antigen/adjuvant as well as the factors controlling the interaction between nanoparticles and the receptors on antigen presenting cells. Besides, the role of nanoparticles in targeting/activating immune cells and modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has also been discussed extensively. Finally, we have summarized some theranostic applications of the immunomodulatory nanomaterials in treating cancers based on the earlier published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Thakur
- Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Saloni Thakur
- Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | | | - Joydeep Das
- Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Parames C. Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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Anderluzzi G, Schmidt ST, Cunliffe R, Woods S, Roberts CW, Veggi D, Ferlenghi I, O'Hagan DT, Baudner BC, Perrie Y. Rational design of adjuvants for subunit vaccines: The format of cationic adjuvants affects the induction of antigen-specific antibody responses. J Control Release 2020; 330:933-944. [PMID: 33152394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A range of cationic delivery systems have been investigated as vaccine adjuvants, though few direct comparisons exist. To investigate the impact of the delivery platform, we prepared four cationic systems (emulsions, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles) all containing equal concentrations of the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide in combination with the Neisseria adhesin A variant 3 subunit antigen. The formulations were physicochemically characterized and their ability to associate with cells and promote antigen processing (based on degradation of DQ-OVA, a substrate for proteases which upon hydrolysis is fluorescent) was compared in vitro and their vaccine efficacy (antigen-specific antibody responses and IFN-γ production) and biodistribution (antigen and adjuvant) were evaluated in vivo. Due to their cationic nature, all delivery systems gave high antigen loading (> 85%) with liposomes, lipid nanoparticles and emulsions being <200 nm, whilst polymeric nanoparticles were larger (~350 nm). In vitro, the particulate systems tended to promote cell uptake and antigen processing, whilst emulsions were less effective. Similarly, whilst the particulate delivery systems induced a depot (of both delivery system and antigen) at the injection site, the cationic emulsions did not. However, out of the systems tested the cationic emulsions induced the highest antibody responses. These results demonstrate that while cationic lipids can have strong adjuvant activity, their formulation platform influences their immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Anderluzzi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen S 2300, Denmark
| | - Robert Cunliffe
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Stuart Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Craig W Roberts
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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25
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Guevara ML, Persano F, Persano S. Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Chem 2020; 8:589959. [PMID: 33195094 PMCID: PMC7645050 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.589959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as potent and flexible platform for the development of novel effective cancer immunotherapies. Advances in non-viral gene delivery technologies, especially the tremendous progress in lipid nanoparticles' manufacturing, have made possible the implementation of mRNA-based antitumor treatments. Several mRNA-based immunotherapies have demonstrated antitumor effect in preclinical and clinical studies, and marked successes have been achieved most notably by its implementation in therapeutic vaccines, cytokines therapies, checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA-based immunotherapies and their applications in cancer treatment. Finally, we also highlight the variety of immunotherapeutic approaches through mRNA delivery and discuss the main factors affecting transfection efficiency and tropism of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Guevara
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Persano
- Department Matematica e Fisica 'Ennio De Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Persano
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
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26
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Martins LS, Duarte EL, Lamy MT, Rozenfeld JHK. Supramolecular organization of α-galactosylceramide in pure dispersions and in cationic DODAB bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104963. [PMID: 32882224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer; KRN7000) strongly stimulates NKT cells. The structures of α-GalCer assemblies and of cationic DODAB bilayers containing α-GalCer were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Assemblies of α-GalCer have a very tightly packed gel phase, causing spin labels to cluster and display spin exchange interactions. An endothermic phase transition is observed by DSC, leading to a fluid phase. This phase transition peak disappears upon mixing with DODAB, showing that up to 9 mol% α-GalCer is miscible with the cationic lipid. ESR spectra show that α-GalCer decreases DODAB gel phase packing, resulting in a decrease of gel-fluid transition temperature and cooperativity in DSC thermograms of mixed bilayers. In contrast, α-GalCer increases the rigidity of the fluid phase. These effects are probably due to the conformation of the rigid amide bond that connects the phytosphingosine base of α-GalCer to its long and saturated acyl chain. Possibly, α-GalCer adopts a V-shaped conformation because of the perpendicular orientation of the amide bond towards the axes of the hydrocarbon chains. Apparently, the effect of the amide bond configuration is a key structural feature for the interaction between ceramide-based glycolipids and DODAB molecules, since we have previously reported a similar decrease of gel phase packing and increase in fluid phase rigidity for DODAB bilayers containing C24:1β-glucosylceramide. Since the structure of delivery systems is critical to the biological activity of α-GalCer, this work certainly contributes to the planning and development of novel immunotherapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia S Martins
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro L Duarte
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, 05508090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Lamy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, 05508090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio H K Rozenfeld
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Liu J, Miao L, Sui J, Hao Y, Huang G. Nanoparticle cancer vaccines: Design considerations and recent advances. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:576-590. [PMID: 33193861 PMCID: PMC7610208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines therapeutics manipulate host's immune system and have broad potential for cancer prevention and treatment. However, due to poor immunogenicity and limited safety, fewer cancer vaccines have been successful in clinical trials. Over the past decades, nanotechnology has been exploited to deliver cancer vaccines, eliciting long-lasting and effective immune responses. Compared to traditional vaccines, cancer vaccines delivered by nanomaterials can be tuned towards desired immune profiles by (1) optimizing the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterial carriers, (2) modifying the nanomaterials with targeting molecules, or (3) co-encapsulating with immunostimulators. In order to develop vaccines with desired immunogenicity, a thorough understanding of parameters that affect immune responses is required. Herein, we discussed the effects of physicochemical properties on antigen presentation and immune response, including but not limited to size, particle rigidity, intrinsic immunogenicity. Furthermore, we provided a detailed overview of recent preclinical and clinical advances in nanotechnology for cancer vaccines, and considerations for future directions in advancing the vaccine platform to widespread anti-cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Lei Miao
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiying Sui
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Yanyun Hao
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Guihua Huang
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
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Carmona-Ribeiro AM, Pérez-Betancourt Y. Cationic Nanostructures for Vaccines Design. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5030032. [PMID: 32645946 PMCID: PMC7560170 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines rely on adjuvants carrying one or a few molecular antigens from the pathogen in order to guarantee an improved immune response. However, to be effective, the vaccine formulation usually consists of several components: an antigen carrier, the antigen, a stimulator of cellular immunity such as a Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) ligand, and a stimulator of humoral response such as an inflammasome activator. Most antigens are negatively charged and combine well with oppositely charged adjuvants. This explains the paramount importance of studying a variety of cationic supramolecular assemblies aiming at the optimal activity in vivo associated with adjuvant simplicity, positive charge, nanometric size, and colloidal stability. In this review, we discuss the use of several antigen/adjuvant cationic combinations. The discussion involves antigen assembled to 1) cationic lipids, 2) cationic polymers, 3) cationic lipid/polymer nanostructures, and 4) cationic polymer/biocompatible polymer nanostructures. Some of these cationic assemblies revealed good yet poorly explored perspectives as general adjuvants for vaccine design.
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Chaikhumwang P, Kitsongsermthon J, Manopakdee K, Chongcharoen W, Nilubol D, Chanvorachote P, Somparn P, Tantituvanont A. Cationic Polylactic Acid-Based Nanoparticles Improve BSA-FITC Transport Across M Cells and Engulfment by Porcine Alveolar Macrophages. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:134. [PMID: 32415347 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This work described the development of a cationic polylactic acid (PLA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) as an antigen delivery system using dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) to facilitate the engulfment of BSA-FITC by porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/2 cells) and heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB) to enhance the transport of BSA-FITC across M cells. The experimental design methodology was employed to study the influence of PLA, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), DDA, and LTB on the physical properties of the PLA-based NPs. The size of selected cationic PLA NPs comprising 5% PLA, 5% PVA, and 0.6% DDA with or without LTB absorption was range from 367 to 390 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.26, a zeta potential of + 26.00 to + 30.55 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 41.43%. Electron micrographs revealed NPs with spherical shape. The release kinetic of BSA from the NPs followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. The cationic PLA NPs with LTB surface absorption showed 3-fold increase in BSA-FITC transported across M cells compared with the NPs without LTB absorption. The uptake studies demonstrated 2-fold increase in BSA-FITC intensity in 3D4/2 cells with cationic NPs as compared with anionic NPs. Overall, the results suggested that LTB decreased the retention time of BSA-FITC loaded in the cationic PLA NPs within the M cells, thus promoting the transport of BSA-FITC across the M cells, and cationic NPs composed of DDA help facilitate the uptake of BSA-FITC in the 3D4/2 cells. Further studies in pigs with respiratory antigens will provide information on the efficacy of cationic PLA NPs as a nasal antigen carrier system.
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Investigating the Impact of Delivery System Design on the Efficacy of Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020212. [PMID: 32397231 PMCID: PMC7348957 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines combine the positive attributes of both live-attenuated and subunit vaccines. In order for these to be applied for clinical use, they require to be formulated with delivery systems. However, there are limited in vivo studies which compare different delivery platforms. Therefore, we have compared four different cationic platforms: (1) liposomes, (2) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), (3) polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and (4) emulsions, to deliver a self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) vaccine. All formulations contained either the non-ionizable cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) or dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and they were characterized in terms of physico-chemical attributes, in vitro transfection efficiency and in vivo vaccine potency. Our results showed that SAM encapsulating DOTAP polymeric nanoparticles, DOTAP liposomes and DDA liposomes induced the highest antigen expression in vitro and, from these, DOTAP polymeric nanoparticles were the most potent in triggering humoral and cellular immunity among candidates in vivo.
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31
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Dewangan HK. Rational application of nanoadjuvant for mucosal vaccine delivery system. J Immunol Methods 2020; 481-482:112791. [PMID: 32387695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The surface of the mucosa is the biggest path through which pathogens enter the human body. We need an understanding of mucosal immune systems to use vaccines that generate protective mucosal and systemic immunity to regulate the outbreak of various infectious diseases. The better impact of the mucosal vaccine over traditional injectable vaccines are that not only do they induce efficient immune reactions to the mucosa but they are also comfortable in physical aspect & psychological aspect. The material of the vaccine includes pathogens antigens and adjuvants, which enable vaccination to be effective. Vaccines are classified into different criteria, including the used vaccine material and method of administration. Vaccines have traditionally been injected through a needle. However, as most of the pathogens first infect the mucosal surfaces, and growing interest is expressed in establishing protective immunity from the mucosa, which is accomplished through mucosal paths through vaccinosis. To improve the existing vaccines further, innovative strategies derived from interdisciplinary scientific research will need to develop new vaccine production, storage, and delivery systems. A distinctive & vast research and development platform has been set up for the growth of the next generation of mucosal vaccinations. The latest science and technological advancement in the areas of molecular biology, bio and chemical engineering, genome and system biology has provided accumulated understanding of the inborn and acquired multi-dimensional immune system. This review summarizes recent developments in the use of mucosal vaccines and their associated nanoadjuvants for the control of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research (IPR), GLA University, Mathura, NH-2, Mathura Delhi Road, Chaumuhan Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India.
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32
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Roces CB, Khadke S, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Scale-Independent Microfluidic Production of Cationic Liposomal Adjuvants and Development of Enhanced Lymphatic Targeting Strategies. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4372-4386. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla B. Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Swapnil Khadke
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
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33
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Gandhapudi SK, Ward M, Bush JPC, Bedu-Addo F, Conn G, Woodward JG. Antigen Priming with Enantiospecific Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles Induces Potent Antitumor CTL Responses through Novel Induction of a Type I IFN Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3524-3536. [PMID: 31053626 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Certain types of cationic lipids have shown promise in cancer immunotherapy, but their mechanism of action is poorly understood. In this study, we describe the properties of an immunotherapeutic consisting of the pure cationic lipid enantiomer R-1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethyl-ammonium-propane (R-DOTAP) formulated with modified viral or self-peptide Ags. R-DOTAP formulations with peptide Ags stimulate strong cross-presentation and potent CD8 T cell responses associated with a high frequency of polyfunctional CD8 T cells. In a human papillomavirus tumor model system, a single s.c. injection of tumor-bearing mice with R-DOTAP plus human papillomavirus Ags induces complete regression of large tumors associated with an influx of Ag-specific CD8 T cells and a reduction of the ratio of regulatory/Ag-specific CD8 T cells. R-DOTAP also synergizes with an anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor, resulting in a significant inhibition of B16 melanoma tumor growth. We found that R-DOTAP stimulates type I IFN production by dendritic cells in vivo and in vitro. s.c. injection of R-DOTAP results in an IFN-dependent increase in draining lymph node size and a concomitant increase in CD69 expression. Using knockout mice, we show that type I IFN is required for the induction of CD8 T cell activity following administration of R-DOTAP plus Ag. This response requires Myd88 but not TRIF or STING. We also show that R-DOTAP stimulates both TLR7 and 9. Collectively, these studies reveal that R-DOTAP stimulates endosomal TLRs, resulting in a Myd88-dependent production of type I IFN. When administered with Ag, this results in potent Ag-specific CD8 T cell responses and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva K Gandhapudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; and
| | - Martin Ward
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; and
| | - John Peyton C Bush
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; and
| | | | - Greg Conn
- PDS Biotechnology Corporation, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Jerold G Woodward
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; and
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Efficient induction of cell-mediated immunity to varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E co-lyophilized with a cationic liposome-based adjuvant in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:2131-2141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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35
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Rodrigues L, Raftopoulos KN, Tandrup Schmidt S, Schneider F, Dietz H, Rades T, Franzyk H, Pedersen AE, Papadakis CM, Christensen D, Winter G, Foged C, Hubert M. Immune responses induced by nano-self-assembled lipid adjuvants based on a monomycoloyl glycerol analogue after vaccination with the Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein. J Control Release 2018; 285:12-22. [PMID: 29964134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers based on inverse hexagonal liquid crystalline phases (hexosomes) show promising potential as vaccine delivery systems. Their unique internal structure, composed of both lipophilic domains and water-containing channels, renders them capable of accommodating immunopotentiating compounds and antigens. However, their adjuvant properties are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the supramolecular structure of the lyotropic liquid crystalline phase influences the immunostimulatory activity of lipid-based nanocarriers. To test this, hexosomes were designed containing the lipid phytantriol (Phy) and the immunopotentiator monomycoloyl glycerol-1 (MMG-1). Self-assembly of Phy and MMG-1 into nanocarriers featuring an internal hexagonal phase was confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The effect of the nanostructure on the adjuvant activity was studied by comparing the immunogenicity of Phy/MMG-1 hexosomes with MMG-1-containing lamellar liquid crystalline nanoparticles (liposomes, CAF04). The quality and magnitude of the elicited immune responses were determined after vaccination of CB6/F1 mice using the Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein (MOMP) as antigen. MMG-1-based hexosomes potentiated significantly stronger MOMP-specific humoral responses than CAF04 liposomes. The liposome-based vaccine formulation induced a much stronger MOMP-specific cell-mediated immune response compared to hexosome-adjuvanted MOMP, which elicited minimal MOMP-specific T-cell stimulation after vaccination. Hence, our data demonstrates that hexosomal and liposomal adjuvants activate the immune system via different mechanisms. Our work provides valuable insights into the adjuvant potential of hexosomes and emphasizes that engineering of the supramolecular structure can be used to design adjuvants with customized immunological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, DE-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantinos N Raftopoulos
- Physics Department, Soft Matter Physics Group, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, DE-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Schneider
- Physics Department, Institute for Advanced Study, Walter Schottky Institute, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4a, DE-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dietz
- Physics Department, Institute for Advanced Study, Walter Schottky Institute, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4a, DE-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anders Elm Pedersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- Physics Department, Soft Matter Physics Group, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, DE-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, DE-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Madlen Hubert
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, DE-81377 Munich, Germany.
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Corthésy B, Bioley G. Lipid-Based Particles: Versatile Delivery Systems for Mucosal Vaccination against Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:431. [PMID: 29563912 PMCID: PMC5845866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the process of administering immunogenic formulations in order to induce or harness antigen (Ag)-specific antibody and T cell responses in order to protect against infections. Important successes have been obtained in protecting individuals against many deleterious pathological situations after parenteral vaccination. However, one of the major limitations of the current vaccination strategies is the administration route that may not be optimal for the induction of immunity at the site of pathogen entry, i.e., mucosal surfaces. It is now well documented that immune responses along the genital, respiratory, or gastrointestinal tracts have to be elicited locally to ensure efficient trafficking of effector and memory B and T cells to mucosal tissues. Moreover, needle-free mucosal delivery of vaccines is advantageous in terms of safety, compliance, and ease of administration. However, the quest for mucosal vaccines is challenging due to (1) the fact that Ag sampling has to be performed across the epithelium through a relatively limited number of portals of entry; (2) the deleterious acidic and proteolytic environment of the mucosae that affect the stability, integrity, and retention time of the applied Ags; and (3) the tolerogenic environment of mucosae, which requires the addition of adjuvants to elicit efficient effector immune responses. Until now, only few mucosally applicable vaccine formulations have been developed and successfully tested. In animal models and clinical trials, the use of lipidic structures such as liposomes, virosomes, immune stimulating complexes, gas-filled microbubbles and emulsions has proven efficient for the mucosal delivery of associated Ags and the induction of local and systemic immune reponses. Such particles are suitable for mucosal delivery because they protect the associated payload from degradation and deliver concentrated amounts of Ags via specialized sampling cells (microfold cells) within the mucosal epithelium to underlying antigen-presenting cells. The review aims at summarizing recent development in the field of mucosal vaccination using lipid-based particles. The modularity ensured by tailoring the lipidic design and content of particles, and their known safety as already established in humans, make the continuing appraisal of these vaccine candidates a promising development in the field of targeted mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Bioley
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Tian M, Zhou Z, Tan S, Fan X, Li L, Ullah N. Formulation in DDA-MPLA-TDB Liposome Enhances the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a DNA Vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535714 PMCID: PMC5835323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the vaccine Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin is used worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) remains the first killer among infectious diseases. An effective vaccine is urgently required. DNA vaccine has shown prophylactic as well as therapeutic effects against TB, while its weak immunogenicity hinders the application. As a strong inducer of Th1-biased immune response, DMT, consisting of dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) and two pattern recognition receptor agonists monophosphoryl lipid A and trehalose 6,6′-dibehenate (TDB), was a newly developed liposomal adjuvant. To elucidate the action mechanism of DMT and improve immunological effects induced by DNA vaccine, a new recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMFO that secretes the fusion of four multistage antigens (Rv2875, Rv3044, Rv2073c, and Rv0577) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was constructed. pCMFO/DDA and pCMFO/DMT complexes were then prepared and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. The immunogenicity and protection against M. tuberculosis infection in vaccinated C57BL/6 mice were compared. Formulation of DNA and two agonists into the DDA liposome decreased zeta potential but increased the stability of storage, which resulted in a slower and longer-lasting release of DNA from the DNA–DMT complex than the DNA–DDA liposome. Besides Th1-biased responses, pCMFO/DMT vaccinated mice elicited more significantly CFMO-specific IL2+ TCM cell responses in the spleen and provided an enhanced and persistent protection against M. tuberculosis aerosol infection, compared to pCMFO/DDA and pCMFO groups. Therefore, the adjuvant DMT can release DNA and agonists slowly, which might attribute to the improved protection of DMT adjuvanted vaccines. pCMFO/DMT, a very promising TB vaccine, warrants for further preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maopeng Tian
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijie Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Songwei Tan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xionglin Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longmeng Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nadeem Ullah
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Qu W, Li N, Yu R, Zuo W, Fu T, Fei W, Hou Y, Liu Y, Yang J. Cationic DDA/TDB liposome as a mucosal vaccine adjuvant for uptake by dendritic cells in vitro induces potent humoural immunity. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:852-860. [PMID: 29447484 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1438450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cationic dimethyldioctadecylammonium/trehalose 6,6,9-dibehenate (DDA/TDB) liposome is as a strong adjuvant system for vaccines, with remarkable immunostimulatory activity. The mucosal administration of vaccines is a potential strategy for inducing earlier and stronger mucosal immune responses to infectious diseases. In this study, we assessed whether the intranasal administration of cationic DDA/TDB liposomes combined with influenza antigen A (H3N2) can be used as a highly efficacious vaccine to induce mucosal and systemic antibody responses. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and a flow-cytometric analysis showed that the uptake of the cationic DDA/TDB liposome carrier was significantly higher than that of neutral 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/cholesterol (DSPC/Chol) or cationic 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane/3β-(N-[N',N'-dimethylaminoethane]-carbamoyl (DOTAP/DC-Chol) liposomes. Our results indicate that the cationic DDA/TDB liposome is more effective in facilitating its uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro than the DSPC/Chol or DOTAP/DC-Chol liposome. DCs treated with DDA/TDB liposomes strongly expressed CD80, CD86, and MHC II molecules, whereas those treated with DSPC/Chol or DOTAP/DC-Chol liposomes did not. C57BL/6 mice intranasally immunized with H3N2-encapsulating cationic DDA/TDB liposomes had significantly higher H3N2-specific s-IgA levels in their nasal wash fluid than those treated with other formulations. The DDA/TDB liposomes also simultaneously enhanced the serum IgG IgG2a, IgG1, and IgG2b antibody responses. In summary, DDA/TDB liposomes effectively facilitated their uptake by DCs and DCs maturation in vitro, and induced significantly higher mucosal IgA, systemic IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b antibody titres than other formulations after their intranasal administration in vivo. These results indicate that DDA/TDB liposomes are a promising antigen delivery carrier for clinical antiviral applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , PR China
| | - Na Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , PR China
| | - Rui Yu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , PR China
| | - Wenbao Zuo
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , PR China
| | - Tingting Fu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , PR China
| | - Wenling Fei
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , PR China
| | - Yanhui Hou
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , PR China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , PR China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , PR China
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Rose F, Wern JE, Gavins F, Andersen P, Follmann F, Foged C. A strong adjuvant based on glycol-chitosan-coated lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles potentiates mucosal immune responses against the recombinant Chlamydia trachomatis fusion antigen CTH522. J Control Release 2018; 271:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nugraheni RW, Setyawan D, Yusuf H. Physical Characteristics of Liposomal Formulation Dispersed in HPMC Matrix and Freeze-Dried Using Maltodextrin and Mannitol as Lyoprotectant. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Application of Pharmacokinetics Modelling to Predict Human Exposure of a Cationic Liposomal Subunit Antigen Vaccine System. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:pharmaceutics9040057. [PMID: 29215597 PMCID: PMC5750663 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of a liposomal subunit antigen vaccine system composed of the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and the immunostimulatory agent trehalose 6,6-dibehenate (TDB) (8:1 molar ratio) combined with the Ag85B-ESAT-6 (H1) antigen were modelled using mouse in-vivo data. Compartment modelling and physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) were used to predict the administration site (muscle) and target site (lymph) temporal concentration profiles and factors governing these. Initial estimates using compartmental modelling established that quadriceps pharmacokinetics for the liposome demonstrated a long half-life (22.6 days) compared to the associated antigen (2.62 days). A mouse minimal-PBPK model was developed and successfully predicted quadriceps liposome and antigen pharmacokinetics. Predictions for the popliteal lymph node (PLN) aligned well at earlier time-points. A local sensitivity analysis highlighted that the predicted AUCmuscle was sensitive to the antigen degradation constant kdeg (resulting in a 3-log change) more so than the fraction escaping the quadriceps (fe) (resulting in a 10-fold change), and the predicted AUCPLN was highly sensitive to fe. A global sensitivity analysis of the antigen in the muscle demonstrated that model predictions were within the 50th percentile for predictions and showed acceptable fits. To further translate in-vitro data previously generated by our group, the mouse minimal-PBPK model was extrapolated to humans and predictions made for antigen pharmacokinetics in muscle and PLN. Global analysis demonstrated that both kdeg and fe had a minimal impact on the resulting simulations in the muscle but a greater impact in the PLN. In summary, this study has predicted the in-vivo fate of DDA:TDB:H1 in humans and demonstrated the roles that formulation degradation and fraction escaping the depot site can play upon the overall depot effect within the site of administration.
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Comparison of the adjuvanticity of two adjuvant formulations containing de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide on Japanese encephalitis vaccine in mice. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 41:219-228. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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De Serrano LO, Burkhart DJ. Liposomal vaccine formulations as prophylactic agents: design considerations for modern vaccines. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:83. [PMID: 29149896 PMCID: PMC5693489 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinology is one of the most important cornerstones in modern medicine, providing better quality of life. The human immune system is composed of innate and adaptive immune processes that interplay when infection occurs. Innate immunity relies on pathogen-associated molecular patterns which are recognized by pathogen recognition receptors localized in antigen presenting cells. After antigen processing and presentation, CD4+ T cell polarization occurs, further leading to B cell and CD8+ activation and humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. Liposomes are being employed as vaccine technologies and their design is of importance to ensure proper immune responses. Physicochemical parameters like liposome size, charge, lamellarity and bilayer fluidity must be completely understood to ensure optimal vaccine stability and efficacy. Liposomal vaccines can be developed to target specific immune cell types for the induction of certain immune responses. In this review, we will present promising liposomal vaccine approaches for the treatment of important viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections (including tuberculosis, TB). Cationic liposomes are the most studied liposome types due to their enhanced interaction with the negatively charged immune cells. Thus, a special section on the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium and TB is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O. De Serrano
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - David J. Burkhart
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
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Formation and purification of tailored liposomes for drug delivery using a module-based micro continuous-flow system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12045. [PMID: 28935923 PMCID: PMC5608873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are lipid based bilayer vesicles that can encapsulate, deliver and release low-soluble drugs and small molecules to a specific target site in the body. They are currently exploited in several nanomedicine formulations. However, their development and application is still limited by expensive and time-consuming process development and production methods. Therefore, to exploit these systems more effectively and support the rapid translation of new liposomal nanomedicines from bench to bedside, new cost-effective and scalable production methods are needed. We present a continuous process flow system for the preparation, modification and purification of liposomes which offers lab-on-chip scale production. The system was evaluated for a range of small vesicles (below 300 nm) varying in lipid composition, size and charge; it offers effective and rapid nanomedicine purification with high lipid recovery (> 98%) combined with effective removal of non-entrapped drug (propofol >95% reduction of non-entrapped drug present) or protein (ovalbumin >90% reduction of OVA present) and organic solvent (ethanol >95% reduction) in less than 4 minutes. The key advantages of using this bench-top, rapid, process development tool are the flexible operating conditions, interchangeable membranes and scalable high-throughput yields, thereby offering simultaneous manufacturing and purification of nanoparticles with tailored surface attributes.
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Sun B, Ji Z, Liao YP, Chang CH, Wang X, Ku J, Xue C, Mirshafiee V, Xia T. Enhanced Immune Adjuvant Activity of Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Nanorods through Cationic Surface Functionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21697-21705. [PMID: 28590715 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum-salt-based vaccine adjuvants are prevailingly used in FDA-approved vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases for over eighty years. Despite their safe applications, the mechanisms regarding how the material characteristics affect the interactions at nano-bio interface and immunogenicity remain unclear. Recently, studies have indicated that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in inducing adjuvant effects that are controlled by the inherent shape and hydroxyl contents of aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) nanoparticles; however, the detailed relationship between surface properties and adjuvant effects for these materials remains unknown. Thus, we engineered AlOOH nanorods (ALNRs) with controlled surface functionalization and charge to assess their effects on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and the potentiation of immunogenicity in vivo. It is demonstrated that NH2-functionalized ALNRs exhibited higher levels of cellular uptake, lysosomal damage, oxidative stress, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation than pristine and SO3H-functionalized ALNRs in cells. This structure-activity relationship also correlates with the adjuvant activity of the material using ovalbumin (OVA) in a mouse vaccination model. This study demonstrates that surface functionalization of ALNRs is critical for rational design of aluminum-based adjuvants to boost antigen-specific immune responses for more effective and long-lasting vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, §California NanoSystems Institute, and ∥Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, §California NanoSystems Institute, and ∥Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, §California NanoSystems Institute, and ∥Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, §California NanoSystems Institute, and ∥Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, §California NanoSystems Institute, and ∥Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Justine Ku
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, §California NanoSystems Institute, and ∥Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Changying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, §California NanoSystems Institute, and ∥Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Vahid Mirshafiee
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, §California NanoSystems Institute, and ∥Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, §California NanoSystems Institute, and ∥Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Schmidt ST, Neustrup MA, Harloff-Helleberg S, Korsholm KS, Rades T, Andersen P, Christensen D, Foged C. Systematic Investigation of the Role of Surfactant Composition and Choice of oil: Design of a Nanoemulsion-Based Adjuvant Inducing Concomitant Humoral and CD4 + T-Cell Responses. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1716-1727. [PMID: 28516400 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Induction of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses is crucial for vaccine-mediated protection against difficult vaccine targets, e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). Adjuvants are included in subunit vaccines to potentiate immune responses, but many marketed adjuvants stimulate predominantly humoral immune responses. Therefore, there is an unmet medical need for new adjuvants, which potentiate humoral and CMI responses. The purpose was to design an oil-in-water nanoemulsion adjuvant containing a synthetic CMI-inducing mycobacterial monomycoloyl glycerol (MMG) analogue to concomitantly induce humoral and CMI responses. METHODS The influence of emulsion composition was analyzed using a systematic approach. Three factors were varied: i) saturation of the oil phase, ii) type and saturation of the applied surfactant mixture, and iii) surfactant mixture net charge. RESULTS The emulsions were colloidally stable with a droplet diameter of 150-250 nm, and the zeta-potential correlated closely with the net charge of the surfactant mixture. Only cationic emulsions containing the unsaturated surfactant mixture induced concomitant humoral and CMI responses upon immunization of mice with a Ct antigen, and the responses were enhanced when squalene was applied as the oil phase. In contrast, emulsions with neutral and net negative zeta-potentials did not induce CMI responses. The saturation degree of the oil phase did not influence the adjuvanticity. CONCLUSION Cationic, MMG analogue-containing nanoemulsions are potential adjuvants for vaccines against pathogens for which both humoral and CMI responses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Malene Aaby Neustrup
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Stine Harloff-Helleberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Karen Smith Korsholm
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Dynamics of APC recruitment at the site of injection following injection of vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 2017; 35:1622-1629. [PMID: 28222998 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines often contain adjuvants to strengthen the response to the vaccine antigen. However, their modes of action at the site of injection (SOI) are poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed the local effects of adjuvant on the innate immune system in mice. We investigated the safe, widely used adjuvants MF59 and aluminum hydroxide (alum), as well as trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate (TDB), Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) and the Toll-Like-Receptor-ligands lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3CSK4). We assessed muscle immune cell infiltration after adjuvant injection and observed 16h post immunization (hpi) an increased influx with CFA, MF59 and TDB, but not with alum, LPS or Pam3CSK4. An elevated influx with the latter three became visible only 72hpi. Contribution of granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells to the influx differed per adjuvant and in time. Adjuvants generally induced a local pro-inflammatory micro-milieu that was transient except for CFA and TDB. The gene expression of CXCL-1, CCL-2 and CCL-5, involved in recruitment of immune cells, varied per adjuvant and corresponded grossly with the observed influx of granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Muscles injected with CFA or MF59 (when co-injected with peptide) resulted in APC ex vivo capable to induce proliferation of peptide-specific T-cells. By adding in vitro an excess of peptide to the APC/T cell co-cultures, we observed an adjuvant-enhanced co-stimulation or antigen presentation by APC after CFA- but not MF59-injection. After TDB-injection this effect was observed only at 72hpi, but not 24hpi. Thus the cellular influx profile and the local cytokine and chemokine micro-milieu in the muscle were strongly influenced by the type of adjuvant. Additionally, the capacity of muscle APC to load and present antigen was affected by the adjuvant. These findings may assist the development of novel adjuvanted vaccines in a more rational manner.
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Gao J, Ochyl LJ, Yang E, Moon JJ. Cationic liposomes promote antigen cross-presentation in dendritic cells by alkalizing the lysosomal pH and limiting the degradation of antigens. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1251-1264. [PMID: 28243087 PMCID: PMC5317250 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s125866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic liposomes (CLs) have been widely examined as vaccine delivery nanoparticles since they can form complexes with biomacromolecules, promote delivery of antigens and adjuvant molecules to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and mediate cellular uptake of vaccine components. CLs are also known to trigger antigen cross-presentation - the process by which APCs internalize extracellular protein antigens, degrade them into minimal CD8+ T-cell epitopes, and present them in the context of major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I). However, the precise mechanisms behind CL-mediated induction of cross-presentation and cross-priming of CD8+ T-cells remain to be elucidated. In this study, we have developed two distinct CL systems and examined their impact on the lysosomal pH in dendritic cells (DCs), antigen degradation, and presentation of peptide:MHC-I complexes to antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells. To achieve this, we have used 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-Chol) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) as the prototypical components of CLs with tertiary amine groups and compared the effect of CLs and anionic liposomes on lysosomal pH, antigen degradation, and cross-presentation by DCs. Our results showed that CLs, but not anionic liposomes, elevated the lysosomal pH in DCs and reduced antigen degradation, thereby promoting cross-presentation and cross-priming of CD8+ T-cell responses. These studies shed new light on CL-mediated cross-presentation and suggest that intracellular fate of vaccine components and subsequent immunological responses can be controlled by rational design of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Biointerfaces Institute
| | - Lukasz J Ochyl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute
| | | | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Varypataki EM, Benne N, Bouwstra J, Jiskoot W, Ossendorp F. Efficient Eradication of Established Tumors in Mice with Cationic Liposome-Based Synthetic Long-Peptide Vaccines. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:222-233. [PMID: 28143806 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccination with synthetic long peptides (SLP) can be clinically effective against HPV-induced premalignant lesions; however, their efficiency in established malignant lesions leaves room for improvement. Here, we report the high therapeutic potency of cationic liposomes loaded with well-defined tumor-specific SLPs and a TLR3 ligand as adjuvant. The cationic particles, with an average size of 160 nm, could strongly activate functional, antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and induced in vivo cytotoxicity against target cells after intradermal vaccination. At a low dose (1 nmol) of SLP, our liposomal formulations significantly controlled tumor outgrowth in two independent models (melanoma and HPV-induced tumors) and even cured 75%-100% of mice of their large established tumors. Cured mice were fully protected from a second challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of tumor cells, indicating the potential of liposomal SLP in the formulation of powerful vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(3); 222-33. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Maria Varypataki
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi Benne
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joke Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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50
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Abstract
A wide range of studies have shown that liposomes can act as suitable adjuvants for a range of vaccine antigens. Properties such as their amphiphilic character and biphasic nature allow them to incorporate antigens within the lipid bilayer, on the surface, or encapsulated within the inner core. However, appropriate methods for the manufacture of liposomes are limited and this has resulted in issues with cost, supply, and wider scale application of these systems. Within this chapter we explore manufacturing processes that can be used for the production of liposomal adjuvants, and we outline new manufacturing methods can that offer fast, scalable, and cost-effective production of liposomal adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Perrie
- Schol of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Elisabeth Kastner
- Schol of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Swapnil Khadke
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Peter Stone
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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