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Kim HJ, Jin SP, Kang J, Bae SH, Son JB, Oh JH, Youn H, Kim SK, Kang KW, Chung JH. Uncovering the impact of UV radiation on mitochondria in dermal cells: a STED nanoscopy study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8675. [PMID: 38622160 PMCID: PMC11018800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in cellular energy metabolism and other cellular functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to cellular damage and can potentially contribute to the aging process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the subcellular structure of mitochondria and their activities in various cellular environments using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy. We examined the morphological dispersion of mitochondria below the diffraction limit in sub-cultured human primary skin fibroblasts and mouse skin tissues. Confocal microscopy provides only the overall morphology of the mitochondrial membrane and an indiscerptible location of nucleoids within the diffraction limit. Conversely, super-resolution STED nanoscopy allowed us to resolve the nanoscale distribution of translocase clusters on the mitochondrial outer membrane and accurately quantify the number of nucleoids per cell in each sample. Comparable results were obtained by analyzing the translocase distribution in the mouse tissues. Furthermore, we precisely and quantitatively analyzed biomolecular distribution in nucleoids, such as the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), using STED nanoscopy. Our findings highlight the efficacy of super-resolution fluorescence imaging in quantifying aging-related changes on the mitochondrial sub-structure in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Seon-Pil Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jooyoun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - So Hyeon Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Bae Son
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Park PG, Fatima M, An T, Moon YE, Woo S, Youn H, Hong KJ. Current development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of chronic infectious diseases. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2024; 13:21-27. [PMID: 38362373 PMCID: PMC10864879 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic infectious diseases refer to diseases that require a long period of time from onset to cure or death, the use of therapeutic vaccines has recently emerged to eradicate diseases. Currently, clinical research is underway to develop therapeutic vaccines for chronic infectious diseases based on various vaccine formulations, and the recent success of the messenger RNA vaccine platform and efforts to apply it to therapeutic vaccines are having a positive impact on conquering chronic infectious diseases. However, since research on the development of therapeutic vaccines is still relatively lacking compared to prophylactic vaccines, there is a need to focus more on the development of therapeutic vaccines to overcome threats to human health caused by chronic infectious diseases. In order to accelerate the development of therapeutic vaccines for chronic infectious diseases in the future, it is necessary to establish a clear concept of therapeutic vaccines suitable for the characteristics of each chronic infectious disease, as well as standardize vaccine effectiveness evaluation methods, secure standards/reference materials, and simplify the vaccine approval procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil-Gu Park
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Munazza Fatima
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Timothy An
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Moon
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seungkyun Woo
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Jong Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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Lee S, Yoon H, Hong SH, Kwon SP, Hong JJ, Kwak HW, Park HJ, Yoo S, Bae SH, Park HJ, Lee J, Bang YJ, Lee YS, Kim JY, Yoon S, Roh G, Cho Y, Kim Y, Kim D, Park SI, Kim DH, Lee S, Oh A, Ha D, Lee SY, Park M, Hwang EH, Bae G, Jeon E, Park SH, Choi WS, Oh HR, Kim IW, Youn H, Keum G, Bang EK, Rhee JH, Lee SE, Nam JH. mRNA-HPV vaccine encoding E6 and E7 improves therapeutic potential for HPV-mediated cancers via subcutaneous immunization. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29309. [PMID: 38100632 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The E6 and E7 proteins of specific subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV), including HPV 16 and 18, are highly associated with cervical cancer as they modulate cell cycle regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antitumor effects of a messenger RNA-HPV therapeutic vaccine (mHTV) containing nononcogenic E6 and E7 proteins. To achieve this, C57BL/6j mice were injected with the vaccine via both intramuscular and subcutaneous routes, and the resulting effects were evaluated. mHTV immunization markedly induced robust T cell-mediated immune responses and significantly suppressed tumor growth in both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor-implanted mouse model, with a significant infiltration of immune cells into tumor tissues. Tumor retransplantation at day 62 postprimary vaccination completely halted progression in all mHTV-treated mice. Furthermore, tumor expansion was significantly reduced upon TC-1 transplantation 160 days after the last immunization. Immunization of rhesus monkeys with mHTV elicited promising immune responses. The immunogenicity of mHTV in nonhuman primates provides strong evidence for clinical application against HPV-related cancers in humans. All data suggest that mHTV can be used as both a therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghyun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyunho Yoon
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seol Hee Hong
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung Pil Kwon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Kwak
- R&D Research Center, SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Park
- R&D Research Center, SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Yoo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo-Hyeon Bae
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Bang
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- R&D Research Center, SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yu-Sun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- R&D Research Center, SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Subin Yoon
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Gahyun Roh
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Youngran Cho
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yongkwan Kim
- R&D Research Center, SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Daegeun Kim
- R&D Research Center, SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- R&D Research Center, SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- R&D Research Center, SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sowon Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ayoung Oh
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dahyeon Ha
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Misung Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Hwang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Gyuseo Bae
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Eunsu Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Ho Rim Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Woo Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- BK21 four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Lee SY, Oh HR, Kim YH, Bae SH, Lee Y, Lee YS, Lee BC, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Youn H. Abstract 5046: Cerenkov luminescence imaging of interscapular brown adipose tissue using TSPO-targeting probe to overcome off-target effect of [18F]FDG. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim/Introduction: [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) has been used as an imaging methods for measuring interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) activity. However, [18F]FDG-PET has limitations for obtaining iBAT-specific images due to off-target effects with high uptake in skeletal muscle, tumors, and inflamed tissue. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a well-known biomarker for BAT, located in mitochondria also has been suggested as BAT imaging marker. Recently, UCP1 ThermoMouse was established as a reporter mouse for monitoring UCP1 expression. Translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO) located in the mitochondria outer membrane along with UCP1 is overexpressed in BAT. TSPO targeting probe has been proposed as a potential imaging marker for iBAT imaging. To date, there have been no studies for BAT imaging using TSPO-targeting probe in UCP1 ThermoMouse reflecting UCP1 expression. Moreover, Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) which captures Cerenkov radiation emitted from PET probes has been suggested as an alternative option for PET. In this study, we aim to evaluate [18F]fm-PBR28-d2 as a TSPO-targeting probe for iBAT imaging using PET and CLI in the UCP1 ThermoMouse.
Materials and Methods: UCP1 ThermoMouse with insertion of a Luc2-T2A-tdTomato cassette into the initiation of codon of the Ucp1-coding sequence exon 1 were used to monitor UCP1 expression. UCP1 ThermoMouse were characterized with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to measure the levels of UCP1 expression. PET images were acquired with SimPET, and optical images such as bioluminescence imaging (BLI), fluorescence imaging (FLI) and Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) were acquired with IVIS 100.
Results: BLI or FLI reflecting UCP1 expression were clearly showed iBAT in UCP1 ThermoMouse. Also, UCP1 and TSPO expression were correlated in iBAT. TSPO-targeting PET probe with [18F]fm-PBR28-d2 showed iBAT-specific signals without off-target effect in brain or heart. In addition, [18F]fm-PBR28-d2 better reflected individual variation in different UCP1 expression than [18F]FDG. In particular, higher molar activity of [18F]fm-PBR28-d2 was required to obtain better imaging quality of CLI as well as PET. In physiological changes such as cold stimulation and isoflurane exposure, we observed increased imaging signals with cold exposure and decreased imaging signals with prolonged isoflurane exposure.
Conclusions: We showed that the TSPO-targeting probe is superior to [18F]FDG as a reliable imaging probe reflecting UCP1 expression in iBAT imaging. Probes with higher molar activity provide better images and are required for quantitative analysis of TSPO-CLI and PET. Our data suggest that CLI with TSPO-targeting probe could be an alternative option for PET.
Citation Format: Seok-Yong Lee, Ho Rim Oh, Young-Hwa Kim, Sung-Hwan Bae, Yongseok Lee, Yun-Sang Lee, Byung Chul Lee, Gi Jeong Cheon, Keon Wook Kang, Hyewon Youn. Cerenkov luminescence imaging of interscapular brown adipose tissue using TSPO-targeting probe to overcome off-target effect of [18F]FDG. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5046.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Yong Lee
- 1Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University of Graduate School, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Rim Oh
- 1Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University of Graduate School, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- 2Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Bae
- 2Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Lee
- 3Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- 4Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University of Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- 5Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- 6Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- 7Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University of Graduate School, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- 3Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh HR, Ko MK, Son D, Ki YW, Kim SI, Lee SY, Kang KW, Cheon GJ, Hwang DW, Youn H. Activated Natural Killer Cell Inoculation Alleviates Fibrotic Liver Pathology in a Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Cirrhosis Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041090. [PMID: 37189708 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a detrimental role in liver fibrosis progression. Natural killer (NK) cells are known to selectively recognize abnormal or transformed cells via their receptor activation and induce target cell apoptosis and, therefore, can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for liver cirrhosis. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of NK cells in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cirrhosis mouse model. NK cells were isolated from the mouse spleen and expanded in the cytokine-stimulated culture medium. Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D)-positive NK cells were significantly increased after a week of expansion in culture. The intravenous injection of NK cells significantly alleviated liver cirrhosis by reducing collagen deposition, HSC marker activation, and macrophage infiltration. For in vivo imaging, NK cells were isolated from codon-optimized luciferase-expressing transgenic mice. Luciferase-expressing NK cells were expanded, activated and administrated to the mouse model to track them. Bioluminescence images showed increased accumulation of the intravenously inoculated NK cells in the cirrhotic liver of the recipient mouse. In addition, we conducted QuantSeq 3' mRNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis. From the transcriptomic analysis, 33 downregulated genes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and 41 downregulated genes involved in the inflammatory response were observed in the NK cell-treated cirrhotic liver tissues from the 1532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). This result indicated that the repetitive administration of NK cells alleviated the pathology of liver fibrosis in the CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis mouse model via anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Taken together, our research demonstrated that NK cells could have therapeutic effects in a CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis mouse model. In particular, it was elucidated that extracellular matrix genes and inflammatory response genes, which were mainly affected after NK cell treatment, could be potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Rim Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Ko
- Research & Development Center, THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Son
- Research & Development Center, THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Ki
- Research & Development Center, THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Il Kim
- Research & Development Center, THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Research & Development Center, THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Na J, Lee CH, Chung JK, Youn H. Overexpression of Both Human Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) and BRG1-Bromodomain Synergistically Enhances Radioiodine Sensitivity by Stabilizing p53 through NPM1 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032761. [PMID: 36769088 PMCID: PMC9917390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved therapeutic strategies are required to minimize side effects associated with radioiodine gene therapy to avoid unnecessary damage to normal cells and radiation-induced secondary malignancies. We previously reported that codon-optimized sodium iodide symporter (oNIS) enhances absorption of I-131 and that the brahma-associated gene 1 bromodomain (BRG1-BRD) causes inefficient DNA damage repair after high-energy X-ray therapy. To increase the therapeutic effect without applying excessive radiation, we considered the combination of oNIS and BRG1-BRD as gene therapy for the most effective radioiodine treatment. The antitumor effect of I-131 with oNIS or oNIS+BRD expression was examined by tumor xenograft models along with functional assays at the cellular level. The synergistic effect of both BRG1-BRD and oNIS gene overexpression resulted in more DNA double-strand breaks and led to reduced cell proliferation/survival rates after I-131 treatment, which was mediated by the p53/p21 pathway. We found increased p53, p21, and nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) in oNIS- and BRD-expressing cells following I-131 treatment, even though the remaining levels of citrulline and protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) were unchanged at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Na
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +44-1752-431038 (J.N.); +82-2-3668-7026 (H.Y.)
| | - Chul-Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +44-1752-431038 (J.N.); +82-2-3668-7026 (H.Y.)
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Lee SY, Oh HR, Kim YH, Bae SH, Lee Y, Lee YS, Lee BC, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Youn H. Cerenkov luminescence imaging of interscapular brown adipose tissue using a TSPO-targeting PET probe in the UCP1 ThermoMouse. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:6380-6394. [PMID: 36168637 PMCID: PMC9475450 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) has been widely used as an imaging technique to measure interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) activity. However, it is challenging to obtain iBAT-specific images using [18F]FDG-PET because increased uptake of [18F]FDG is observed in tumors, muscle, and inflamed tissues. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the mitochondrial membrane, a well-known molecular marker of BAT, has been proposed as a useful BAT imaging marker. Recently, the UCP1 ThermoMouse was developed as a reporter mouse for monitoring UCP1 expression and investigating BAT activation. In addition, Translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO) located in the outer mitochondrial membrane is also overexpressed in BAT, suggesting that TSPO-targeting PET has potential for iBAT imaging. However, there are no studies monitoring BAT using TSPO-targeting PET probes in the UCP1 ThermoMouse. Moreover, the non-invasive Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) using Cerenkov radiation from the PET probe has been proposed as an alternative option for PET as it is less expensive and user-friendly. Therefore, we selected [18F]fm-PBR28-d2 as a TSPO-targeting PET probe for iBAT imaging to evaluate the usefulness of CLI in the UCP1 ThermoMouse. Methods: UCP1 ThermoMouse was used to monitor UCP1 expression. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure the level of protein expression. [18F]fm-PBR28-d2 and [18F]FDG were used as radioactive probes for iBAT imaging. PET images were acquired with SimPET, and optical images were acquired with IVIS 100. Results: UCP1 ThermoMouse showed that UCP1 and TSPO expressions were correlated in iBAT. In both PET and CLI, the TSPO-targeting probe [18F]fm-PBR28-d2 was superior to [18F]FDG for acquiring iBAT images. The high molar activity of the probe was essential for CLI and PET imaging. We tested the feasibility of TSPO-targeting probe under cold exposure by imaging with TSPO-PET/CLI. Both signals of iBAT were clearly increased after cold stimulation. Under prolonged isoflurane anesthesia, TSPO-targeting images showed higher signals from iBAT in the short-term than in long-term groups. Conclusion: We demonstrated that TSPO-PET/CLI reflected UCP1 expression in iBAT imaging better than [18F]FDG-PET/CLI under the various conditions. Considering convenience and cost, TSPO-CLI could be used as an alternative TSPO-PET technique for iBAT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Rim Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Bae
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Lee
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Radiation Medicine Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Bae SW, Berlth F, Jeong KY, Park JH, Choi JH, Park SH, Suh YS, Kong SH, Park DJ, Lee HJ, Lee C, Kim JI, Youn H, Choi H, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Yang HK. Glucose metabolic profiles evaluated by PET associated with molecular characteristic landscape of gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:149-160. [PMID: 34363529 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although FDG-PET is widely used in cancer, its role in gastric cancer (GC) is still controversial due to variable [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake. Here, we sought to develop a genetic signature to predict high FDG-avid GC to plan individualized PET and investigate the molecular landscape of GC and its association with glucose metabolic profiles noninvasively evaluated by [18F]FDG-PET. METHODS Based on a genetic signature, PETscore, representing [18F]FDG avidity, was developed by imaging data acquired from thirty patient-derived xenografts (PDX). The PETscore was validated by [18F]FDG-PET data and gene expression data of human GC. The PETscore was associated with genomic and transcriptomic profiles of GC using The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS Five genes, PLS1, PYY, HBQ1, SLC6A5, and NAT16, were identified for the predictive model for [18F]FDG uptake of GC. The PETscore was validated in independent PET data of human GC with qRT-PCR and RNA-sequencing. By applying PETscore on TCGA, a significant association between glucose uptake and tumor mutational burden as well as genomic alterations were identified. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that molecular characteristics are underlying the diverse metabolic profiles of GC. Diverse glucose metabolic profiles may apply to precise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Woo Bae
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Felix Berlth
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kyoung-Yun Jeong
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hoo Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Suhk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Jung HN, Lee SY, Lee S, Youn H, Im HJ. Lipid nanoparticles for delivery of RNA therapeutics: Current status and the role of in vivo imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:7509-7531. [PMID: 36438494 PMCID: PMC9691360 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been one of the most successful nano-delivery vehicles that enable efficient delivery of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents, antibiotics, and nucleic acid therapeutics. During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, LNP-based COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna have been successfully developed, resulting in global sales of $37 billion and $17.7 billion, respectively, in 2021. Based on this success, the development of multiple LNP-based RNA therapeutics is gaining momentum due to its potential in vaccines and therapeutics for various genetic diseases and cancers. Furthermore, imaging techniques can be utilized to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) effects, which helps target discovery and accelerates the development of LNP-based mRNA therapies. A thorough introduction and explanation of the components of LNPs and its functions along with various production methods of formulating LNPs are provided in this review. Furthermore, recent advances in LNP-based RNA therapeutics in clinics and clinical trials are explored. Additionally, the evaluation of PK/PD of LNPs for RNA delivery and the current and potential roles in developing LNP-based mRNA pharmaceutics through imaging techniques will be discussed.
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10
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Lee SH, Denora N, Laquintana V, Mangiatordi GF, Lopedota A, Lopalco A, Cutrignelli A, Franco M, Delre P, Song IH, Kim HW, Kim SB, Park HS, Kim K, Lee SY, Youn H, Lee BC, Kim SE. Radiosynthesis and characterization of [ 18F]BS224: a next-generation TSPO PET ligand insensitive to the rs6971 polymorphism. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:110-124. [PMID: 34783879 PMCID: PMC8712300 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) is a valuable tool to detect neuroinflammed areas in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the clinical application of second-generation TSPO ligands as biomarkers is limited because of the presence of human rs6971 polymorphism that affects their binding. Here, we describe the ability of a new TSPO ligand, [18F]BS224, to identify abnormal TSPO expression in neuroinflammation independent of the rs6971 polymorphism. Methods An in vitro competitive inhibition assay of BS224 was conducted with [3H]PK 11195 using membrane proteins isolated from 293FT cells expressing TSPO-wild type (WT) or TSPO-mutant A147T (Mut), corresponding to a high-affinity binder (HAB) and low-affinity binder (LAB), respectively. Molecular docking was performed to investigate the interaction of BS224 with the binding sites of rat TSPO-WT and TSPO-Mut. We synthesized a new 18F-labeled imidazopyridine acetamide ([18F]BS224) using boronic acid pinacol ester 6 or iodotoluene tosylate precursor 7, respectively, via aromatic 18F-fluorination. Dynamic PET scanning was performed up to 90 min after the injection of [18F]BS224 to healthy mice, and PET imaging data were obtained to estimate its absorbed doses in organs. To evaluate in vivo TSPO-specific uptake of [18F]BS224, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory and ischemic stroke rat models were used. Results BS224 exhibited a high affinity (Ki = 0.51 nM) and selectivity for TSPO. The ratio of IC50 values of BS224 for LAB to that for HAB indicated that the TSPO binding affinity of BS224 has low binding sensitivity to the rs6971 polymorphism and it was comparable to that of PK 11195, which is not sensitive to the polymorphism. Docking simulations showed that the binding mode of BS224 is not affected by the A147T mutation and consequently supported the observed in vitro selectivity of [18F]BS224 regardless of polymorphisms. With optimal radiochemical yield (39 ± 6.8%, decay-corrected) and purity (> 99%), [18F]BS224 provided a clear visible image of the inflammatory lesion with a high signal-to-background ratio in both animal models (BPND = 1.43 ± 0.17 and 1.57 ± 0.37 in the LPS-induced inflammatory and ischemic stroke rat models, respectively) without skull uptake. Conclusion Our results suggest that [18F]BS224 may be a promising TSPO ligand to gauge neuroinflammatory disease-related areas in a broad range of patients irrespective of the common rs6971 polymorphism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-021-05617-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70121, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Angela Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Franco
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - In Ho Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kim EE, Youn H, Kang KW. Imaging in Tumor Immunology. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:225-236. [PMID: 34721715 PMCID: PMC8517056 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-021-00706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immune modulation have made impressive progress in cancer immunotherapy. Because dynamic nature of the immune response often makes it difficult to evaluate therapeutic outcomes, innovative imaging technologies have been developed to enable non-invasive visualization of immune cells and tumors in their microenvironment. This review summarizes the current tumor immunology and describes new innovative imaging methods with great potential to obtain non-invasive real-time insights into the complex functions of the immune system and into the management of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euishin Edmund Kim
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UCI Medical Center, Orange County, CA USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Oh S, Yang H, Oh HR, Lee CH, Kim YH, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Shin YK, Youn H. Abstract 2820: A human Claudin-3 monoclonal antibody as a potential multimodal theranostic probe in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Claudin-3 (CLDN3), a tight junction protein, regulates cell-to-cell interactions in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets. During tumorigenesis, epithelial cells are transformed and tumor cells proliferate through out-of-plane division, resulting in external exposure of CLDN3. This alteration of CLDN3 expression is associated with cancer progression, correlating with malignancy in various carcinomas. Since CLDN3 is particularly overexpressed in most ovarian cancers and used as an effective diagnostic marker, we tested the possibility of using a CLDN3-specific antibody as a novel imaging probe.
Materials and Methods: After reducing the CLDN3 specific antibody to expose the -SH group, click chemistry was used to conjugate radioactive isotope 111In or fluorescent protein FNR648. Human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells and human glioblastoma (U87MG) cells were used as CLDN3 positive and negative cells, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to measure the binding of CLDN3 IgG1 monoclonal antibody to theses cell lines. To establish xenograft model, OVCAR-3 cells were injected subcutaneously into the mice. 111In-labeled CLDN3 antibody (370 kBq/50 μl) was administered intravenously to mice with. After 24 hours, organs including tumor were excised and measured with a γ-counter. Images were acquired with IVIS and SPECT/CT.
Results: The labeling efficiency of NOTA-111In or antibody-NOTA-111In was 98.52% or 100%, respectively. FNR648 labeled CLDN3 antibody was bound to the cell surface of OVCAR-3 at 83.4% and to U87MG at 5.7%, respectively. In OVCAR-3 tumor xenografted mice, mice injected with CLDN3 antibody showed 2.5-fold higher tumor uptake (20.4 ± 7.4% ID/g) than mice injected with human IgG (8.8 ± 2.6% ID/g) at 24 hour p.i. The fluorescence signal of CLDN3 antibody peaked at 24 hour p.i.
Conclusion: We successfully conjugated radioisotope and fluorescent protein using the CLDN3 specific antibody. Since the specific binding of CLDN3 antibodies to OVCAR-3 tumors has been validated in a mouse model and diagnostic radionuclides can be replaced with therapeutic radionuclides, this human monoclonal antibody could be used as a useful theranostic probe.
Citation Format: Sera Oh, Hobin Yang, Ho Rim Oh, Chul-Hee Lee, Young-Hwa Kim, Gi Jeong Cheon, Keon Wook Kang, Young Kee Shin, Hyewon Youn. A human Claudin-3 monoclonal antibody as a potential multimodal theranostic probe in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Oh
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hobin Yang
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Rim Oh
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hee Lee
- 2Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- 2Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- 2Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyewon Youn
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Jeong K, Kong SH, Bae SW, Park CR, Berlth F, Shin JH, Lee YS, Youn H, Koo E, Suh YS, Park DJ, Lee HJ, Yang HK. Evaluation of Near-infrared Fluorescence-conjugated Peptides for Visualization of Human Epidermal Receptor 2-overexpressed Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2021; 21:191-202. [PMID: 34234980 PMCID: PMC8255305 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2021.21.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is a promising tool for cancer-specific image guided surgery. Human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the candidate markers for gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to synthesize HER2-specific NIR fluorescence probes and evaluate their applicability in cancer-specific image-guided surgeries using an animal model. Materials and Methods An NIR dye emitting light at 800 nm (IRDye800CW; Li-COR) was conjugated to trastuzumab and an HER2-specific affibody using a click mechanism. HER2 affinity was assessed using surface plasmon resonance. Gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-N87 and SNU-601) were subcutaneously implanted into female BALB/c nu (6–8 weeks old) mice. After intravenous injection of the probes, biodistribution and fluorescence signal intensity were measured using Lumina II (Perkin Elmer) and a laparoscopic NIR camera (InTheSmart). Results Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW exhibited high affinity for HER2 (KD=2.093(3) pM). Fluorescence signals in the liver and spleen were the highest at 24 hours post injection, while the signal in HER2-positive tumor cells increased until 72 hours, as assessed using the Lumina II system. The signal corresponding to the tumor was visually identified and clearly differentiated from the liver after 72 hours using a laparoscopic NIR camera. Affibody-IRDye800CW also exhibited high affinity for HER2 (KD=4.71 nM); however, the signal was not identified in the tumor, probably owing to rapid renal clearance. Conclusions Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW may be used as a potential NIR probe that can be injected 2–3 days before surgery to obtain high HER2-specific signal and contrast. Affibody-based NIR probes may require modifications to enhance mobilization to the tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungyun Jeong
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Bae
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cho Rong Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Felix Berlth
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jae Hwan Shin
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhee Koo
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Suhk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Wui SR, Ko A, Ryu JI, Sim E, Lim SJ, Park SA, Kim KS, Kim H, Youn H, Lee NG. The Effect of a TLR4 Agonist/Cationic Liposome Adjuvant on Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E Vaccine Efficacy: Antigen Presentation, Uptake, and Delivery to Lymph Nodes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030390. [PMID: 33804176 PMCID: PMC8001429 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant CIA09, composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP)-based cationic liposomes and the toll-like receptor 4 agonist de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS), has been shown to enhance antibody and cellular immune responses to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE), recombinant tuberculosis vaccine antigen, and inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine. In this study, we investigated its modes of action using VZV gE as a model antigen. Liposomes adsorbed gE and cooperatively with dLOS promoted endocytosis-mediated cellular uptake of gE by mouse dendritic cells in vitro. CIA09 increased the stability and cellular uptake of the antigen at the muscle site of injection, and induced immune cell recruitment and cytokine and chemokine production, which led to efficient antigen delivery to draining lymph nodes. Mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, pulsed with CIA09-adjuvanted gE, efficiently presented gE to antigen-specific T cells, inducing Th1-type biased immunity, as shown by high IFN-γ production. The data indicate that liposomes and dLOS cooperate in the adjuvant activity of CIA09 by promoting antigen uptake and delivery to lymph nodes as well as antigen presentation to T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ri Wui
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Ara Ko
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Ji In Ryu
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Eojin Sim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Soo Jeong Lim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | | | - Kwang Sung Kim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
- R & D Center, EyeGene, Goyang 10551, Korea;
| | - Ha Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.K.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.K.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Na Gyong Lee
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.R.W.); (A.K.); (J.I.R.); (E.S.); (S.J.L.); (K.S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3408-3765; Fax: +82-2-3408-3334
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15
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Kim K, Kim H, Bae SH, Lee SY, Kim YH, Na J, Lee CH, Lee MS, Ko GB, Kim KY, Lee SH, Song IH, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Kim SE, Chung JK, Kim EE, Paek SH, Lee JS, Lee BC, Youn H. [ 18F]CB251 PET/MR imaging probe targeting translocator protein (TSPO) independent of its Polymorphism in a Neuroinflammation Model. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9315-9331. [PMID: 32802194 PMCID: PMC7415805 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) has been proposed as a biomarker for the detection of neuroinflammation. Although various PET probes targeting TSPO have been developed, a highly selective probe for detecting TSPO is still needed because single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human TSPO gene greatly affect the binding affinity of TSPO ligands. Here, we describe the visualization of neuroinflammation with a multimodality imaging system using our recently developed TSPO-targeting radionuclide PET probe [18F]CB251, which is less affected by TSPO polymorphisms. Methods: To test the selectivity of [18F]CB251 for TSPO polymorphisms, 293FT cells expressing polymorphic TSPO were generated by introducing the coding sequences of wild-type (WT) and mutant (Alanine → Threonine at 147th Amino Acid; A147T) forms. Competitive inhibition assay was conducted with [3H]PK11195 and various TSPO ligands using membrane proteins isolated from 293FT cells expressing TSPO WT or mutant-A147T, representing high-affinity binder (HAB) or low-affinity binder (LAB), respectively. IC50 values of each ligand to [3H]PK11195 in HAB or LAB were measured and the ratio of IC50 values of each ligand to [3H]PK11195 in HAB to LAB was calculated, indicating the sensitivity of TSPO polymorphism. Cellular uptake of [18F]CB251 was measured with different TSPO polymorphisms, and phantom studies of [18F]CB251-PET using 293FT cells were performed. To test TSPO-specific cellular uptake of [18F]CB251, TSPO expression was regulated with pCMV-TSPO (or shTSPO)/eGFP vector. Intracranial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment was used to induce regional inflammation in the mouse brain. Gadolinium (Gd)-DOTA MRI was used to monitor the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and infiltration by immune cells. Infiltration of peripheral immune cells across the BBB, which exacerbates neuroinflammation to produce higher levels of neurotoxicity, was also monitored with bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Peripheral immune cells isolated from luciferase-expressing transgenic mice were transferred to syngeneic inflamed mice. Neuroinflammation was monitored with [18F]CB251-PET/MR and BLI. To evaluate the effects of anti-inflammatory agents on intracranial inflammation, an inflammatory cytokine inhibitor, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO-Me) was administered in intracranial LPS challenged mice. Results: The ratio of IC50 values of [18F]CB251 in HAB to LAB indicated similar binding affinity to WT and mutant TSPO and was less affected by TSPO polymorphisms. [18F]CB251 was specific for TSPO, and its cellular uptake reflected the amount of TSPO. Higher [18F]CB251 uptake was also observed in activated immune cells. Simultaneous [18F]CB251-PET/MRI showed that [18F]CB251 radioactivity was co-registered with the MR signals in the same region of the brain of LPS-injected mice. Luciferase-expressing peripheral immune cells were located at the site of LPS-injected right striatum. Quantitative evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of CDDO-Me on neuroinflammation was successfully monitored with TSPO-targeting [18F]CB251-PET/MR and BLI. Conclusion: Our results indicate that [18F]CB251-PET has great potential for detecting neuroinflammation with higher TSPO selectivity regardless of polymorphisms. Our multimodal imaging system, [18F]CB251-PET/MRI, tested for evaluating the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents in preclinical studies, might be an effective method to assess the severity and therapeutic response of neuroinflammation.
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16
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Kim K, Kim HH, Lee CH, Kim S, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Chung JK, Youn H. Therapeutic efficacy of modified anti-miR21 in metastatic prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:707-713. [PMID: 32736696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite improved therapeutic efficacy of the locked nucleic acid (LNA)- and peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-modified antisense microRNAs (anti-miRs), their wider application in clinical practice is still not thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the stability and therapeutic efficacy of the modified LNA- and PNA-type anti-miRs in a murine prostate cancer model under various treatment conditions. After verifying the anti-cancer potential of anti-miR21 by targeting tumor suppressor PTEN, the potential of the modified LNA- and PNA-type anti-miR21s was compared in vitro and in vivo. We found that PNA-type anti-miR21 showed better stability and therapeutic efficacy in the xenografted mouse tumor model than the LNA-type anti-miR21. Furthermore, PNA-type anti-miR21 treatment showed reduced tumor metastasis. This study may serve as a ground for exploring diverse choices in therapeutic oligonucleotide modification techniques to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Park CR, Song MG, Park JY, Youn H, Chung JK, Jeong JM, Lee YS, Cheon GJ, Kang KW. Conjugation of arginylglycylaspartic acid to human serum albumin decreases the tumor-targeting effect of albumin by hindering its secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-mediated accumulation in tumors. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2488-2498. [PMID: 32655786 PMCID: PMC7344055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) accumulates in tumors by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which is a passive targeting effect in tumors. A recent study showed that secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an albumin-binding protein, mediates albumin accumulation in tumors. Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) is a peptide targeting integrin αvβ3, which is highly expressed during tumor angiogenesis. We investigated whether conjugation of RGD to HSA could synergistically enhance tumor targeting. Accumulation of cRGDyK-HSA in integrin αvβ3-expressing SK-OV3 cells was observed by confocal microscopy. In SK-OV3 cells overexpressing the albumin binding protein SPARC, cellular uptake of HSA increased, but uptake of cRGDyK-HSA did not. cRGDyK-HSA showed decreased tumor accumulation compared with HSA by positron emission tomography (PET) scanning and biodistribution studies in an SK-OV3 xenograft mouse model. In SK-OV3 tumors, HSA accumulation colocalized with SPARC expression, while cRGDyK-HSA only accumulated in the outer region of the tumor, even though SPARC and integrin αvβ3 were expressed within the tumor core. We speculate that cRGDyK conjugation to HSA changes the characteristics of HSA and hinders its tumor-targeting effect. Therefore, HSA should be modified to preserve its native characteristics and enhance the tumor-targeting effects of HSA conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Rong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul, Korea
| | - Myung Geun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul, Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
- National Cancer CenterGoyang, Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Tumor Biology Program, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Tumor Biology Program, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul, Korea
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18
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Kim MJ, Lee CH, Lee Y, Youn H, Kang KW, Kwon J, Alavi A, Carlin S, Cheon GJ, Chung JK. Glucose-6-phosphatase Expression-Mediated [ 18F]FDG Efflux in Murine Inflammation and Cancer Models. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:917-925. [PMID: 30719695 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) accumulation in inflammatory lesions can confound the diagnosis of cancer. In this study, we investigated [18F]FDG accumulation and efflux in relation to the genes and proteins involved in glucose metabolism in murine inflammation and cancer models. PROCEDURES [18F]FDG accumulation and [18F]FDG efflux were measured in cancer cells (breast cancer, glioma, thyroid cancer, and hepatoma cells) and RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of mRNA expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The expression of glucose metabolism-related proteins was detected by western blotting. Dynamic [18F]FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) images were acquired for 2 h in tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice and inflammatory mice induced by turpentine oil. RESULTS [18F]FDG accumulation in MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) increased with time, but that of HepG2 (hepatoma) reached a constant level after 120 min. [18F]FDG efflux in HepG2 was faster than that in MDA-MB-231. HepG2 strongly expressed glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) compared with MDA-MB-231. [18F]FDG accumulation increased with time, and [18F]FDG efflux accelerated after the activation of RAW 264.7 cells. The expression levels of G6Pase, glucose transporter1 and glucose transporter3 (GLUT1 and GLUT3), and hexokinase II (HK II) increased after the activation of RAW 264.7 cells. [18F]FDG efflux in activated macrophages was faster than that in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 strongly expressed HK II protein compared with the activated RAW 264.7. In murine models, [18F]FDG accumulation in MDA-MB-231 cancer and inflammatory lesions increased with time, but that in HepG2 tumor increased until 20-30 min (SUVmeans ± SD (tumor/muscle), 3.0 ± 1.3) and then decreased (2.1 ± 0.9 at 110-120 min). CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the pattern of [18F]FDG accumulation with time in MDA-MB-231 tumors and inflammatory lesions. We found that [18F]FDG efflux accelerated in activated macrophages reflecting increased G6Pase expression after activation and lower expression of HK II protein than that in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Biology Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JoonHo Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abass Alavi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sean Carlin
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Biology Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Park CR, Jo JH, Song MG, Park JY, Kim YH, Youn H, Paek SH, Chung JK, Jeong JM, Lee YS, Kang KW. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine mediates active targeting of human serum albumin in U87MG xenograft mouse models. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7447-7457. [PMID: 31695779 PMCID: PMC6831305 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant plasma protein. The main reason for using HSA as a versatile tool for drug delivery is based on its ability to accumulate in tumors. However, the mechanism of albumin accumulation in tumors is not yet clear. Many researchers using HSA as a drug-carrier have focused on the passive tumor targeting by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, while other investigators proposed that albumin binding proteins mediate albumin accumulation in tumors. We investigated whether HSA accumulation in tumors is mediated by the EPR effect or by secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which is known to be an albumin-binding protein. Methods: To investigate the role of SPARC on HSA accumulation in tumors, we compared HSA uptake in U87MG glioblastoma cells with different SPARC expression. U87MG cells generally express high levels of SPARC and were, therefore, used as SPARC-rich cells. SPARC-less U87MG (U87MG-shSPARC) cells were established by viral-shSPARC transduction. We detected cellular uptake of fluorescence-labeled HSA by confocal microscopy in U87MG and U87MG-shSPARC cells. To demonstrate the mechanism of HSA accumulation in tumors, we injected FNR648-labeled HSA and FITC-labeled dextran in U87MG and U87MG-shSPARC tumor-bearing mice and observed their micro-distribution in tumor tissues. Results: HSA was internalized in cells by binding with SPARC in vitro. HSA accumulation in U87MG glioma was associated with SPARC expression in vivo. FITC-dextran was distributed in U87MG tumors in the vicinity of blood vessels. The distribution of HSA, on the other hand, was observed in the regions remote from blood vessels of U87MG tumor tissues but not in U87MG-shSPARC tumor tissues. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the tumor-distribution of HSA is affected not only by the EPR-effect but also by SPARC expression. SPARC enhances HSA accumulation in U87MG glioma and mediates active targeting of HSA in tumors.
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20
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Youn H, Hong KJ. Non-invasive molecular imaging of immune cell dynamics for vaccine research. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2019; 8:89-93. [PMID: 31406689 PMCID: PMC6689497 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2019.8.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a successful vaccine against deadly diseases with a wide range of antigenic diversity, an in-depth knowledge of the molecules and signaling mechanisms between the vaccine candidates and immune cells is required. Therefore, monitoring vaccine components, such as antigen or adjuvants, and immune cell dynamics at the vaccination site or draining lymph nodes can provide important information to understand more about the vaccine response. This review briefly introduces and describes various non-invasive molecular imaging methods for visualizing immune cell dynamics after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Cheon IS, Kim JY, Choi Y, Shim BS, Choi JA, Jung DI, Kim JO, Braciale TJ, Youn H, Song MK, Chang J. Sublingual Immunization With an RSV G Glycoprotein Fragment Primes IL-17-Mediated Immunopathology Upon Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:567. [PMID: 30984173 PMCID: PMC6447673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of serious respiratory tract disease but there is no licensed RSV vaccine. Immunopathological mechanisms have long been suspected as operating in the development of severe RSV disease and have hampered the development of safe and effective vaccines. Here, we show that unlike intranasal immunization, sublingual immunization with RSV glycoprotein fragment containing the central conserved region (Gcf) primes the host for severe disease upon RSV challenge. This increased pathology does not require replication by the challenge virus and is associated with massive infiltration of inflammatory cells, extensive cell death, and excessive mucus production in the airway and lungs. This exacerbated RSV disease primed by sublingual Gcf immunization is distinct from the immunopathology by G-expressing vaccinia virus or formalin-inactivated RSV, and preceded by prominent IL-17 production. IL-17 deficiency abolished the enhanced disease. Our results suggest a novel mechanism of RSV vaccine-induced immunopathology by IL-17, and highlights the importance of vaccination site.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Cheon
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Young Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Choi
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Choi
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Im Jung
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ouk Kim
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thomas J Braciale
- The Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research and Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man Ki Song
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Yoo JJ, Yu SJ, Na J, Kim K, Cho YY, Lee YB, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Youn H, Yoon JH. Hexokinase-II Inhibition Synergistically Augments the Anti-tumor Efficacy of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061292. [PMID: 30875800 PMCID: PMC6471302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether inhibition of hexokinase (HK)-II activity enhances the efficacy of sorafenib in in-vivo models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to evaluate the prognostic implication of HK-II expression in patients with HCC. We used 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP), a HK-II inhibitor to target HK-II. The human HCC cell line was tested as both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor xenograft models in BALB/c nu/nu mice. The prognostic role of HK-II was evaluated in data from HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and validated in patients treated with sorafenib. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining revealed that HK-II expression is upregulated in the presence of sorafenib. Further analysis of the endoplasmic reticulum-stress network model in two different murine HCC models showed that the introduction of additional stress by 3-BP treatment synergistically increased the in vivo/vitro efficacy of sorafenib. We found that HCC patients with increased HK-II expression in the TCGA database showed poor overall survival, and also confirmed similar results for TCGA database HCC patients who had undergone sorafenib treatment. These results suggest that HK-II is a promising therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of sorafenib and that HK-II expression might be a prognostic factor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 14584, Korea.
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Juri Na
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Young Youn Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Yun Bin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Cho EJ, Yu SJ, Kim K, Cho H, Cho YY, Lee YB, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Youn H, Yoon JH. Carbonic anhydrase-IX inhibition enhances the efficacy of hexokinase II inhibitor for hepatocellular carcinoma in a murine model. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:121-129. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ko HL, Park HJ, Kim J, Kim H, Youn H, Nam JH. Development of an RNA Expression Platform Controlled by Viral Internal Ribosome Entry Sites. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 29:127-140. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1811.11019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Bakht MK, Derecichei I, Li Y, Ferraiuolo RM, Dunning M, Oh SW, Hussein A, Youn H, Stringer KF, Jeong CW, Cheon GJ, Kwak C, Kang KW, Lamb AD, Wang Y, Dong X, Porter LA. Neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer leads to PSMA suppression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 26:131-146. [PMID: 30400059 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in most prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPC) cells and acts as a target for molecular imaging. However, some case reports indicate that PSMA-targeted imaging could be ineffectual for delineation of neuroendocrine (NE) prostate cancer (NEPC) lesions due to the suppression of the PSMA gene (FOLH1). These same reports suggest that targeting somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) could be an alternative diagnostic target for NEPC patients. This study evaluates the correlation between expression of FOLH1, NEPC marker genes and SSTR2. We evaluated the transcript abundance for FOLH1 and SSTR2 genes as well as NE markers across 909 tumors. A significant suppression of FOLH1 in NEPC patient samples and AdPC samples with high expression of NE marker genes was observed. We also investigated protein alterations of PSMA and SSTR2 in an NE-induced cell line derived by hormone depletion and lineage plasticity by loss of p53. PSMA is suppressed following NE induction and cellular plasticity in p53-deficient NEPC model. The PSMA-suppressed cells have more colony formation ability and resistance to enzalutamide treatment. Conversely, SSTR2 was only elevated following hormone depletion. In 18 NEPC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models we find a significant suppression of FOLH1 and amplification of SSTR2 expression. Due to the observed FOLH1-supressed signature of NEPC, this study cautions on the reliability of using PMSA as a target for molecular imaging of NEPC. The observed elevation of SSTR2 in NEPC supports the possible ability of SSTR2-targeted imaging for follow-up imaging of low PSMA patients and monitoring for NEPC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Bakht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iulian Derecichei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yinan Li
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Mark Dunning
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - So Won Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Abdulkadir Hussein
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keith F Stringer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa A Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Chung SJ, Youn H, Jeong EJ, Park CR, Kim MJ, Kang KW, Zhang MR, Cheon GJ. In vivo imaging of activated macrophages by 18F-FEDAC, a TSPO targeting PET ligand, in the use of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:216-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kim YH, Park PG, Seo SH, Hong KJ, Youn H. Development of dual reporter imaging system for Francisella tularensis to monitor the spatio-temporal pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2018; 7:129-138. [PMID: 30112352 PMCID: PMC6082674 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2018.7.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Study on the pathogen and the pathogen-related disease require the information at both cellular and organism level. However, lack of appropriate high-quality antibodies and the difference between the experimental animal models make it difficult to analyze in vivo mechanism of pathogen-related diseases. For more reliable research on the infection and immune-response of pathogen-related diseases, accurate analysis is essential to provide spatiotemporal information of pathogens and immune activity to avoid false-positive or mis-interpretations. In this regards, we have developed a method for tracking Francisella tularensis in the animal model without using the specific antibodies for the F. tularensis. Materials and Methods A dual reporter plasmid using GFP-Lux with putative bacterioferritin promoter (pBfr) was constructed and transformed to F. tularensis live vaccine strain to generate F. tularensis LVS (FtLVS)-GFP-Lux for both fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging. For vaccination to F. tularensis infection, FtLVS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from FtLVS were used. Results We visualized the bacterial replication of F. tularensis in the cells using fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging, and traced the spatio-temporal process of F. tularensis pathogenesis in mice. Vaccination with LPS purified from FtLVS greatly reduced the bacterial replication of FtLVS in animal model, and the effect of vaccination was also successfully monitored with in vivo imaging. Conclusion We successfully established dual reporter labeled F. tularensis for cellular and whole body imaging. Our simple and integrated imaging analysis system would provide useful information for in vivo analysis of F. tularensis infection as well as in vitro experiments, which have not been fully explained yet with various technical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pil-Gu Park
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Kee-Jong Hong
- Interpark Bio-Convergence Center, I-Market-Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Chung SJ, Yoon HJ, Youn H, Kim MJ, Lee YS, Jeong JM, Chung JK, Kang KW, Xie L, Zhang MR, Cheon GJ. 18F-FEDAC as a Targeting Agent for Activated Macrophages in DBA/1 Mice with Collagen-Induced Arthritis: Comparison with 18F-FDG. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:839-845. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.200667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Youn H, Lee HK, Sohn HR, Park UH, Kim EJ, Youn B, Um SJ. RaRF confers RA resistance by sequestering RAR to the nucleolus and regulating MCL1 in leukemia cells. Oncogene 2017; 37:352-362. [PMID: 28945224 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) has broad clinical applications for the treatment of various cancers, particularly acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, RA-based therapy is limited by relapse in patients associated with RA resistance, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. Here, we suggest a new molecular mechanism of RA resistance by a repressor, named RA resistance factor (RaRF). RaRF suppressed transcriptional activity of the RA receptor (RAR) by directly interacting with and sequestering RAR to the nucleolus in response to RA. RaRF was highly expressed in RA-resistant leukemia cells and its expression was strongly correlated with RA sensitivity. MCL1 was upregulated by RA treatment upon RaRF depletion, accompanying leukemic myeloblast differentiation, which is negatively regulated by ectopic RaRF expression. Collectively, we propose that RaRF may be a factor in the resistance mechanism and thus a potential target for leukemia therapy using RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-K Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-R Sohn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - U-H Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-J Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Korea
| | - B Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Gumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - S-J Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Bakht MK, Oh SW, Hwang DW, Lee YS, Youn H, Porter LA, Cheon GJ, Kwak C, Lee DS, Kang KW. The Potential Roles of Radionanomedicine and Radioexosomics in Prostate Cancer Research and Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 23:2976-2990. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170216122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin K. Bakht
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - So W. Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do W. Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lisa A. Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Gi J. Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, 17 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong S. Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon W. Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park CR, Song MG, Park JY, Youn H, Chung JK, Jeong JM, Lee YS, Kang KW. Abstract 2864: Tumor targeting and imaging using 64Cu labeled cyclic RGD conjugated human serum albumin via click chemistry. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE: The RGD specifically recognizes the integrin αvβ3 which is overexpressed on various malignant tumors. One major drawback of small peptide such as RGD, however, is short half-life in the blood, which greatly compromises their targeting efficacy. To improve blood circulation time and targeting efficacy, we developed cyclic RGDyK (cRGDyK) conjugated human serum albumin (HSA) using click chemistry reaction.
METHODS: HSA was conjugated with DBCO-NHS (dibenzyl cyclooctyne) under physiologically favorable reaction condition for the preparation of strain promoted azide-alkyne reaction. Using this reaction group, DBCO-HSA was conjugated with N3-c RGDyK (azido cRGDyK) for integrin αvβ3 targeting, N3-FNR648 for fluorescence labeling and 64Cu labeled N3-NOTA (3-azidopropyl-NOTA) for radiolabeling. Cell binding of cRGDyK-HSA were analyzed with FNR648 labeled probes. Cellular uptake of 64Cu-cRGDyK-HSA were tested for integrin αvβ3 specific binding at cell level. PET images were acquired after tail vein injection of 64Cu-HSA, 64Cu-cRGDyK-HSA in integrin αvβ3 positive tumor (SK-OV3, ovarian cancer cell line) bearing BALB/c nude mice. PET signals were quantitatively analyzed with PET image analysis program, AMIDE.
RESULTS: The number of cRGDyK on DBCO-HSA conjugates was confirmed using
MALDI-TOF MS. cRGDyK-HSA was successfully conjugated with 64Cu labeled N3-NOTA. Integrin αvβ3 mRNA and protein was highly expressed in SK-OV3 cell line. At fluorescence labeled probes were treated in SK-OV3, cRGDyK-HSA were highly bound to cell membrane and this pattern were decreased with pre-treatment of excess cRGDyK. When compared to cellular uptake level, 64Cu-cRGDyK-HSA were more accumulated at integrin αvβ3 positive cells (SK-OV3) than integrin αvβ3 negative cells (P < 0.05) and there were no difference in 64Cu-HSA. Serial PET images were acquired 0, 4, 24, 48 hours after tail vein injection of 64Cu-cRGDyK-HSA. Radioactivity of 64Cu-cRGDyK-HSA in SK-OV3 tumor was higher than that of 64Cu-HSA. 64Cu-labeled-cRGDyK-HSA can be observed at 48 hours after injection, which shows longer circulation time in mice.
CONCLUSION: We successfully conjugated cyclic RGDyK to HSA using click chemistry approach. We demonstrated that cRGDyK-HSA specifically bind to integrin αvβ3 in in vitro and in vivo model. And in animal model, 64Cu-labeled-cRGDyK-HSA can be observed at 48 hours after injection, which shows longer circulation time. Our results indicated that cRGDyK-HSA have a potential to diagnosis and therapy response monitoring of tumor expressing integrin αvβ3.
Citation Format: Cho Rong Park, Myung Geun Song, Ji-Yong Park, Hyewon Youn, June-Key Chung, Jae Min Jeong, Yun-Sang Lee, Keon Wook Kang. Tumor targeting and imaging using 64Cu labeled cyclic RGD conjugated human serum albumin via click chemistry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2864. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2864
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ji-Yong Park
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee CH, Youn H, Chung SJ, Kim H, Park CR, Kim MJ, Park YJ, Cho SW, Kang KW, Chung JK. Abstract 3733: Adenine nucleotide translocase2 mediates 18F-FDG uptake in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), an analogue of glucose, provides valuable functional information based on the increased glucose uptake and glycolysis in malignant tumor cells. Although both glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and hexokinase2 (HK2) activity have been considered to associate with FDG uptake, the molecular mechanisms that determine FDG uptake are still largely unknown. Adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2) in the mitochondria inner membrane was reported to relate with tumor malignancy. We investigated the correlation between FDG uptake and Glut-1, HK2, and ANT2 expression in thyroid cancers throughout various spectrums of differentiation status.
Methods: N-thy-ori (normal human thyroid cells), WRO (follicular cancer), BHP10-3 and TPC-1 (papillary cancer), and FRO (anaplastic cancer) were used for this research. GLUT-1, HK2, and ANT2 expressions were measured by western blot. ANT2 siRNAs and pcDNA3.1-ANT2 vectors were used to modify ANT2 expression. FDG uptakes were measured in thyroid cells and human embryonic kidney cells (293FT) with HK2 or ANT2 transfection. For patient tissue analysis, 95 thyroid tissue-array cores were evaluated, and which are classified 36 as normal, 44 as poorly differentiated (PD), and 15 as anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). ANT2 expression was measured by immunostaining, scored from 1 to 5.
Results: FDG uptake in thyroid cancer cells was increased in anaplastic and poorly differentiated cells (P<0.001). GLUT-1 expression was higher in both TPC-1 and FRO than other cells. Whereas, HK2 was expressed only in cancer cells. ANT2 was expressed only in FRO cells and the highest FDG accumulation was also observed in FRO. ANT2 siRNA showed decreased FDG uptake (0.55-fold) and ANT2 overexpression increased FDG uptake (1.7-fold). In 293FT cells, HK2 and ANT2 transfection increased FDG uptake (P<0.01). PD tissues (mean = 41.7, SD = 19.7) and ATC (mean = 48.0, SD = 25.6) tissues from patients showed higher ANT2 expression than normal (P<0.05).
Conclusion: We showed that ANT2 was expressed only in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells, and this was related to FDG uptake. Higher level of ANT2 expression was observed in dedifferentiated cancer, and this indicates that ANT2 can be used as a marker of malignancy in thyroid cancer.
Citation Format: Chul-Hee Lee, Hyewon Youn, Seock-Jin Chung, Ha Kim, Cho Rong Park, Mi Jeong Kim, Young Joo Park, Sun Wook Cho, Keon Wook Kang, June-Key Chung. Adenine nucleotide translocase2 mediates 18F-FDG uptake in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3733. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3733
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hee Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ha Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sun Wook Cho
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Heo JY, Kang SH, Kim YH, You S, Jin KS, Kim SW, Jung HY, Jung KO, Lee CH, Kim MJ, Sung SE, Kim B, Choi IS, Youn H, Chung JK, Kim SK, Kim Y. Toward redesigning the PEG surface of nanocarriers for tumor targeting: impact of inner functionalities on size, charge, multivalent binding, and biodistribution. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5186-5195. [PMID: 28970905 PMCID: PMC5618790 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving accurate and efficacious tumor targeting with minimal off-target effects is of paramount importance in designing diagnostic and therapeutic agents for cancer. In this respect, nanocarriers have gained enormous popularity because of their attainable multifunctional features, as well as tumor-targeting potential by extravasation. However, once administered into the bloodstream, nanocarriers face various in vivo obstacles that may significantly impair their performance needed for clinical translation. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy to enhance tumor-targeting efficiency by embedding functionalities in the interior region of partially PEGylated nanocarriers (ca. 10 nm in diameter), intended for active or passive targeting. The cooperative impact of these topologically inner functional groups (IFGs) was marked: enhancements of >100-fold in IC50in vitro (e.g., a high-avidity ligand with cationic IFGs) and >2-fold in tumor accumulation at 2 h post-injection in vivo (e.g., a high-avidity ligand with anionic IFGs), both against the fully PEGylated counterpart. Analogous to allosteric modulators, properly employed IFGs may substantially improve the process of effectively directing nanocarriers to tumors, which is otherwise solely dependent on avidity or extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Heo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea .
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea
| | - Se Hun Kang
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch , National Cancer Center , Goyang , 10408 , Korea .
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , 03080 , Korea .
- Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , 03080 , Korea
| | - Suyeon You
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea .
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang , 37673 , Korea
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch , National Cancer Center , Goyang , 10408 , Korea .
| | - Hye-Youn Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea .
| | - Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , 03080 , Korea .
- Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , 03080 , Korea
| | - Chul-Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , 03080 , Korea .
- Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , 03080 , Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea .
| | - Soo-Eun Sung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea .
| | - Boram Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea .
| | - Insung S Choi
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , 03080 , Korea .
- Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , 03080 , Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , 03080 , Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , 03080 , Korea .
- Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , 03080 , Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , 03080 , Korea
| | - Seok-Ki Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch , National Cancer Center , Goyang , 10408 , Korea .
| | - Yoonkyung Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea .
- Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , 34113 , Korea
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Na YR, Gu GJ, Jung D, Kim YW, Na J, Woo JS, Cho JY, Youn H, Seok SH. Correction: GM-CSF Induces Inflammatory Macrophages by Regulating Glycolysis and Lipid Metabolism. J I 2017; 198:3000. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kim H, Hong K, Ahn BC, Yum JS, Youn H. Abstract B25: Visualization of immune response to Hepatitis B vaccination by in vivo mouse imaging. Cancer Immunol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm16-b25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
By taking advantage of bioluminescence imaging to monitor luciferase expressing splenocytes from the luciferase transgenic mouse, we visulaized the enhancement of immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine with adjuvants. To visualize antigen in vivo, large hepatitis B virus antigen (L-HBsAg) was labeled with radioiodine (125I). B6 mice were intramuscularly vaccinated. The localization of 125I-L-HBsAg was monitored for 5 weeks using animal SPECT/CT. To monitor the immune response, the luciferase expressing splenocytes were injected intravenously into immunized B6 mice. Bioluminescence signals from splenocytes were measured by IVIS 100 system. Localization of inoculated L-HBsAg was successfully monitored using animal SPECT/CT. L-HBsAg was lasted for 5 weeks and diminished. In addition, the injected splenocytes were successfully visualized in immunized mice, homing to spleen within 30 minutes and were accumulated in lymph nodes within 5 hours. Accumulation of splenocytes at vaccination site was observed within 24 hours. Moreover, after 10 hours, mouse vaccinated with antigen and two adjuvants showed 4 times more accumulation of splenocytes at vaccination site compared to mouse vaccinated with antigen only. Six days later, mouse vaccinated with antigen and two adjuvants showed 1.7-4.73 fold increased luciferase intensity of splenocytes at spleen, lymph nodes and vaccination site compared to mouse vaccinated with antigen only. In conclusion, in vivo real-time bioluminescent monitoring of splenocytes homing and proliferation against vaccination successfully provides efficiency of adjuvants. Our imaging system can be used for evaluation of efficacy of vaccination by enhanced the proliferation and activation of splenocytes near the vaccination site.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Ha Kim, Keejong Hong, Byung Cheol Ahn, Jung Sun Yum, Hyewon Youn. Visualization of immune response to Hepatitis B vaccination by in vivo mouse imaging. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Kim
- 1Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | | | | | - Jung Sun Yum
- 3CHA Vaccine Institute, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- 1Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Abstract
Cancer cells actively release exosomes carrying specific cellular components, such as proteins, mRNA, and miRNA, to communicate with various cells in the tumor microenvironment. We visualized exosome-mediated transfer of miR-210 from hypoxic breast cancer cells to neighboring cells using a miR-210 specific reporter system. By in vitro and in vivo visualization, we found that exosomes with miR-210 were transferred to cells in the tumor microenvironment and that miR-210 was involved in expression of vascular remodeling related genes, such as Ephrin A3 and PTP1B, to promote angiogenesis. These results indicate that cellular components, such as miRNAs from hypoxic cancer cells, spread to adjacent cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment via exosomes and influence tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Medical Physics, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94305
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
| | - Chul-Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 110-799
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Kim MJ, Oh SW, Youn H, Na J, Kang KW, Park DJ, Park YJ, Jang JJ, Lee KE, Jung KC, Chung JK. Thyroid-Related Protein Expression in the Human Thymus. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:8159892. [PMID: 28386277 PMCID: PMC5353971 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8159892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioiodine whole body scan (WBS), related to sodium iodide symporter (NIS) function, is widely used to detect recurrence/metastasis in postoperative patients with thyroid cancer. However, the normal thymic uptake of radioiodine has occasionally been observed in young patients. We evaluated the expression of thyroid-related genes and proteins in the human thymus. Thymic tissues were obtained from 22 patients with thyroid cancer patients of all ages. The expression of NIS, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), thyroperoxidase (TPO), and thyroglobulin (Tg) was investigated using immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. NIS and TSHR were expressed in 18 (81.8%) and 19 samples (86.4%), respectively, whereas TPO was expressed in five samples (22.7%). Three thyroid-related proteins were localized to Hassall's corpuscles and thymocytes. In contrast, Tg was detected in a single patient (4.5%) localized to vascular endothelial cells. The expression of thyroid-related proteins was not increased in young thymic tissues compared to that in old thymic tissues. In conclusion, the expression of NIS and TSHR was detected in the majority of normal thymus samples, whereas that of TPO was detected less frequently, and that of Tg was detected rarely. The increased thymic uptake of radioiodine in young patients is not due to the increased expression of NIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Won Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juri Na
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja June Jang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Kyu Eun Lee: and
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *June-Key Chung:
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Na YR, Gu GJ, Jung D, Kim YW, Na J, Woo JS, Cho JY, Youn H, Seok SH. GM-CSF Induces Inflammatory Macrophages by Regulating Glycolysis and Lipid Metabolism. J I 2016; 197:4101-4109. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chung T, Na J, Kim YI, Chang DY, Kim YI, Kim H, Moon HE, Kang KW, Lee DS, Chung JK, Kim SS, Suh-Kim H, Paek SH, Youn H. Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Is a Prognostic Marker for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Cytosine Deaminase Gene and 5-Fluorocytosine Prodrug Therapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Gliomas. Theranostics 2016; 6:1477-90. [PMID: 27446484 PMCID: PMC4955049 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated a therapeutic strategy for recurrent malignant gliomas using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), expressing cytosine deaminase (CD), and prodrug 5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC) as a more specific and less toxic option. MSCs are emerging as a novel cell therapeutic agent with a cancer-targeting property, and CD is considered a promising enzyme in cancer gene therapy which can convert non-toxic 5-FC to toxic 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Therefore, use of prodrug 5-FC can minimize normal cell toxicity. Analyses of microarrays revealed that targeting DNA damage and its repair is a selectable option for gliomas after the standard chemo/radio-therapy. 5-FU is the most frequently used anti-cancer drug, which induces DNA breaks. Because dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) was reported to be involved in 5-FU metabolism to block DNA damage, we compared the survival rate with 5-FU treatment and the level of DPD expression in 15 different glioma cell lines. DPD-deficient cells showed higher sensitivity to 5-FU, and the regulation of DPD level by either siRNA or overexpression was directly related to the 5-FU sensitivity. For MSC/CD with 5-FC therapy, DPD-deficient cells such as U87MG, GBM28, and GBM37 showed higher sensitivity compared to DPD-high U373 cells. Effective inhibition of tumor growth was also observed in an orthotopic mouse model using DPD- deficient U87MG, indicating that DPD gene expression is indeed closely related to the efficacy of MSC/CD-mediated 5-FC therapy. Our results suggested that DPD can be used as a biomarker for selecting glioma patients who may possibly benefit from this therapy.
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Jung KO, Youn H, Kim SH, Kim YH, Kang KW, Chung JK. A new fluorescence/PET probe for targeting intracellular human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) using Tat peptide-conjugated IgM. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:483-9. [PMID: 27317485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increasing need for methods to visualize intracellular proteins in vivo, the majority of antibody-based imaging methods available can only detect membrane proteins. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is an intracellular target of great interest because of its high expression in several types of cancer. In this study, we developed a new probe for hTERT using the Tat peptide. An hTERT antibody (IgG or IgM) was conjugated with the Tat peptide, a fluorescence dye and (64)Cu. HT29 (hTERT+) and U2OS (hTERT-) were used to visualize the intracellular hTERT. The hTERT was detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Fluorescence signals for hTERT were obtained by confocal microscopy, live cell imaging, and analyzed by Tissue-FAXS. In nude mice, tumors were visualized using the fluorescence imaging devices Maestro™ and PETBOX. In RT-PCR and western blot, the expression of hTERT was detected in HT29 cells, but not in U2OS cells. Fluorescence signals were clearly observed in HT29 cells and in U2OS cells after 1 h of treatment, but signals were only detected in HT29 cells after 24 h. Confocal microscopy showed that 9.65% of U2OS and 78.54% of HT29 cells had positive hTERT signals. 3D animation images showed that the probe could target intranuclear hTERT in the nucleus. In mice models, fluorescence and PET imaging showed that hTERT in HT29 tumors could be efficiently visualized. In summary, we developed a new method to visualize intracellular and intranuclear proteins both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea; Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seung Hoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea.
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Youn H, Kim J, Jeon H, Kim H, Cho M, Yun S, Nam J, Lee J, Lee J, Park D, Kim W, Ki Y, Kim D. TU-H-CAMPUS-IeP1-05: A Framework for the Analytic Calculation of Patient-Specific Dose Distribution Due to CBCT Scan for IGRT. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kim WH, Kim CG, Kim MH, Kim DW, Park CR, Park JY, Lee YS, Youn H, Kang KW, Jeong JM, Chung JK. Preclinical evaluation of isostructural Tc-99m- and Re-188-folate-Gly-Gly-Cys-Glu for folate receptor-positive tumor targeting. Ann Nucl Med 2016; 30:369-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-016-1072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yeom CJ, Chung T, Youn H, Kang KW, Lee DS, Chung JK. A novel hNIS/tdTomato fusion reporter for visualizing the relationship between the cellular localization of sodium iodide symporter and its iodine uptake function under heat shock treatment. Mol Imaging 2016; 14. [PMID: 25773964 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of membrane-localized sodium iodide symporter (NIS) determines the efficacy of radioiodine therapy in thyroid cancer. Here, we describe a dual mode reporter fused with human NIS (hNIS) and a red fluorescent protein named tandem dimeric Tomato (tdTomato) for the in vitro and in vivo imaging of hNIS protein expression, localization, and iodide uptake function. Human cervical epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa)-hNIS/tdTomato cells were established by transducing a fusion gene expressing hNIS/tdTomato under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter. Fluorescence imaging, confocal microscopy, and an 125I uptake assay were performed to validate the integrity of the fusion protein. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide were used to block newly synthesized hNIS proteins. In vivo images were acquired using a gamma camera and a Maestro fluorescence imaging device. The fluorescence intensity of membrane-localized hNIS and 125I uptake both were increased after heat shock. Scintigraphy and fluorescence imaging indicated specific accumulation of the hNIS/tdTomato fusion protein in xenografted tumors, supporting the utility of this system for in vivo monitoring of hNIS expression and activity. We developed a novel hNIS/tdTomato dual mode reporter that enables visualization of the expression, localization, and iodine uptake function of hNIS in vitro and in vivo.
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Chung T, Youn H, Yeom CJ, Kang KW, Chung JK. Glycosylation of Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS) Regulates Its Membrane Translocation and Radioiodine Uptake. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142984. [PMID: 26599396 PMCID: PMC4658105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) protein is a membrane glycoprotein that transports iodide ions into thyroid cells. The function of this membrane protein is closely regulated by post-translational glycosylation. In this study, we measured glycosylation-mediated changes in subcellular location of hNIS and its function of iodine uptake. METHODS HeLa cells were stably transfected with hNIS/tdTomato fusion gene in order to monitor the expression of hNIS. Cellular localization of hNIS was visualized by confocal microscopy of the red fluorescence of tdTomato. The expression of hNIS was evaluated by RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. Functional activity of hNIS was estimated by radioiodine uptake. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and tunicamycin were used to stimulate and inhibit glycosylation, respectively. In vivo images were obtained using a Maestro fluorescence imaging system. RESULTS cAMP-mediated Glycosylation of NIS resulted in increased expression of hNIS, stimulating membrane translocation, and enhanced radioiodine uptake. In contrast, inhibition of glycosylation by treatment with tunicamycin dramatically reduced membrane translocation of intracellular hNIS, resulting in reduced radioiodine uptake. In addition, our hNIS/tdTomato fusion reporter successfully visualized cAMP-induced hNIS expression in xenografted tumors from mouse model. CONCLUSIONS These findings clearly reveal that the membrane localization of hNIS and its function of iodine uptake are glycosylation-dependent, as our results highlight enhancement of NIS expression and glycosylation with subsequent membrane localization after cAMP treatment. Therefore, enhancing functional NIS by the increasing level of glycosylation may be suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer patients who show refractory response to conventional radioiodine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taemoon Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HY); (JKC)
| | - Chan Joo Yeom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HY); (JKC)
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Lee ES, Im HJ, Kim HS, Youn H, Lee HJ, Kim SU, Hwang DW, Lee DS. In vivo brain delivery of v-myc overproduced human neural stem cells via the intranasal pathway: tumor characteristics in the lung of a nude mouse. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 25743637 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to monitor the successful brain delivery of stem cells via the intranasal route and to observe the long-term consequence of the immortalized human neural stem cells in the lungs of a nude mouse model. Stably immortalized HB1.F3 human neural stem cells with firefly luciferase gene (F3-effluc) were intranasally delivered to BALB/c nude mice. Bioluminescence images were serially acquired until 41 days in vivo and at 4 hours and 41 days ex vivo after intranasal delivery. Lungs were evaluated by histopathology. After intranasal delivery of F3-effluc cells, the intense in vivo signals were detected in the nasal area, migrated toward the brain areas at 4 hours (4 of 13, 30.8%), and gradually decreased for 2 days. The brain signals were confirmed by ex vivo imaging (2 of 4, 50%). In the mice with initial lung signals (4 of 9, 44.4%), the lung signals disappeared for 5 days but reappeared 2 weeks later. The intense lung signals were confirmed to originate from the tumors in the lungs formed by F3-effluc cells by ex vivo imaging and histopathology. We propose that intranasal delivery of immortalized stem cells should be monitored for their successful delivery to the brain and their tumorigenicity longitudinally.
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Lee JS, Kang JH, Boo HJ, Hwang SJ, Hong S, Lee SC, Park YJ, Chung TM, Youn H, Mi Lee S, Jae Kim B, Chung JK, Chung Y, William WN, Kee Shin Y, Lee HJ, Oh SH, Lee HY. STAT3-mediated IGF-2 secretion in the tumour microenvironment elicits innate resistance to anti-IGF-1R antibody. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8499. [PMID: 26465273 PMCID: PMC4608384 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major impediment in medical oncology. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the tumour microenvironment (TME) to innate resistance, to molecularly targeted therapies. In this study, we investigate the role of TME in resistance to cixutumumab, an anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody that has shown limited clinical efficacy. We show that treatment with cixutumumab accelerates tumour infiltration of stromal cells and metastatic tumour growth, and decreases overall survival of mice. Cixutumumab treatment stimulates STAT3-dependent transcriptional upregulation of IGF-2 in cancer cells and recruitment of macrophages and fibroblasts via paracrine IGF-2/IGF-2R activation, resulting in the stroma-derived CXCL8 production, and thus angiogenic and metastatic environment. Silencing IGF-2 or STAT3 expression in cancer cells or IGF-2R or CXCL8 expression in stromal cells significantly inhibits the cancer-stroma communication and vascular endothelial cells' angiogenic activities. These findings suggest that blocking the STAT3/IGF-2/IGF-2R intercellular signalling loop may overcome the adverse consequences of anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410 769, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Boo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621 749, Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Su-Chan Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Tae-Moon Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110 744, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110 744, Korea
| | - Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156 707, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110 744, Korea
| | - Byoung Jae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156 707, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110 744, Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110 744, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - William N William
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea.,The Center for Anti-Cancer CDx, N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621 749, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Inchon 406 840, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
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Abstract
Introduction: Current gene therapy involves replacement of defective gene by delivery of healthy genetic material to precede normal function. Virus-mediated gene delivery is the most successful and efficient method for gene therapy, but it has been challenged due to serious safety concerns. Conversely, gene delivery using plasmid DNA (pDNA) is considered safer, but its transfection efficiency is much lower than virus-mediated gene transfer. Recently, mRNA has been suggested as an alternative option to avoid undesired insertion of delivered DNA sequences with higher transfection efficiency and stability. Area covered: In this review, we summarize the currently available strategies of mRNA modification to increase the therapeutic efficacy; we also highlight the recent improvements of mRNA delivery for in vivo applications of gene therapy. Expert opinion: The use of mRNA-based gene transfer could indeed be a promising new strategy for gene therapy. Notable advantages include no risk of integration into the genomic DNA, adjustable gene expression and easier modulation of the immune system. By reducing or utilizing the immunogenic properties, mRNA offers a promising tool for gene/or transcript replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Youn
- Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 , Korea +82 2 2072 3341 ; +82 2 745 7690 ;
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Lee D, Na J, Ryu J, Kim HJ, Nam SH, Kang M, Jung JW, Lee MS, Song HE, Choi J, Lee GH, Kim TY, Chung JK, Park KH, Kim SH, Kim H, Seo H, Kim P, Youn H, Lee JW. Interaction of tetraspan(in) TM4SF5 with CD44 promotes self-renewal and circulating capacities of hepatocarcinoma cells. Hepatology 2015; 61:1978-97. [PMID: 25627085 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tumor metastasis involves circulating and tumor-initiating capacities of metastatic cancer cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is related to self-renewal capacity and circulating tumor cell (CTC) characteristics for tumor metastasis. Although tumor metastasis is a life-threatening, complicated process that occurs through circulation of tumor cells, mechanistic aspects of self-renewal and circulating capacities have been largely unknown. Hepatic transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) promotes EMT for malignant growth and migration, so it was rationalized that TM4SF5, as a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarker, might be important for metastatic potential. Here, self-renewal capacity by TM4SF5 was mechanistically explored using hepatocarcinoma cells with or without TM4SF5 expression, and we explored whether they became CTCs using mouse liver-orthotopic model systems. We found that TM4SF5-dependent sphere growth correlated with CD24(-) , aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, as well as a physical association between CD44 and TM4SF5. Interaction between TM4SF5 and CD44 was through their extracellular domains with N-glycosylation modifications. TM4SF5/CD44 interaction activated proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (c-Src)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1)/B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1) signaling for spheroid formation, whereas disturbing the interaction, expression, or activity of any component in this signaling pathway inhibited spheroid formation. In serial xenografts using 200∼5,000 cells per injection, TM4SF5-positive tumors exhibited subpopulations with locally increased CD44 expressions, supporting for tumor cell differentiation. TM4SF5-positive, but not TM4SF5- or CD44-knocked-down, cells were identified circulating in blood 4-6 weeks after orthotopic liver injection using in vivo laser scanning endomicroscopy. Anti-TM4SF5 reagent blocked their metastasis to distal intestinal organs. CONCLUSION TM4SF5 promotes self-renewal and CTC properties supported by TM4SF5(+) /CD44(+(TM4SF5-bound)) /ALDH(+) /CD24(-) markers during HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doohyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juri Na
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihye Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hee Nam
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeng Eun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungeun Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Howon Seo
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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49
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Lee S, Youn H, Chung T, Hwang DW, Oh SW, Kang KW, Chung JK, Lee DS. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells as a potential source for pancreatic regeneration. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 25249435 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has been studied intensively as a promising therapeutic strategy toward a cure for diabetes. To study the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation for pancreatic regeneration, we monitored the localization and distribution of transplanted MSCs by bioluminescence imaging in a mouse model. Bone marrow MSCs were isolated and transfected with a highly sensitive firefly luciferase reporter gene. To assess the efficiency of MSC transplantation, a partially pancreatectomized (PPx) mouse model was used. Transplanted MSCs were monitored by confocal microscopy and in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Daily blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance were measured. Insulin-secreting beta cells were immunostained, and insulin levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioluminescence signals were clearly detected from the transplanted MSCs in the pancreatic region regardless of injection route. However, locally injected MSCs exhibited more rapid proliferation than ductally injected MSCs. PPx mice harboring transplanted MSCs gradually recovered from impaired glucose tolerance. Although insulin secretion was not observed in MSCs, transplanted MSCs facilitate the injured pancreas to recover its function. In vivo optical imaging of transplanted MSCs using a highly sensitive luciferase reporter enables the assessment of MSC transplantation efficiency in a PPx mouse model.
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Kim S, Jung J, Lee I, Jung D, Youn H, Choi K. Thyroid disruption by triphenyl phosphate, an organophosphate flame retardant, in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae, and in GH3 and FRTL-5 cell lines. Aquat Toxicol 2015; 160:188-96. [PMID: 25646720 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), one of the most widely used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), has frequently been detected in the environment and biota. However, knowledge of its toxicological effects is limited. The present study was conducted to determine the adverse effects of TPP on the thyroid endocrine system of embryonic/larval zebrafish, and the underlying mechanisms for these effects were studied using rat pituitary (GH3) and thyroid follicular (FRTL-5) cell lines. In the GH3 cells, TPP up-regulated the expression of the tshβ, trα, and trβ genes, while T3, a positive control, down-regulated the expression of these genes. In the FRTL-5 cells, the expression of the nis and tpo genes was significantly up-regulated, suggesting that TPP stimulates thyroid hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. In zebrafish larvae at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf), TPP exposure led to significant increases in both T3 and T4 concentrations and expression of the genes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. Exposure to TPP also significantly up-regulated the expression of the genes related to the metabolism (dio1), transport (ttr), and elimination (ugt1ab) of thyroid hormones. The down-regulation of the crh and tshβ genes in the zebrafish larvae suggests the activation of a central regulatory feedback mechanism induced by the increased T3 levels in vivo. Taken together, our observations show that TPP could increase the thyroid hormone concentrations in the early life stages of zebrafish by disrupting the central regulation and hormone synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Joeun Jung
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Jung
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 110-744, Republic of Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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