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Kim MJ, Lee CH, Lee Y, Youn H, Kang KW, Kwon J, Alavi A, Carlin S, Cheon GJ, Chung JK. Glucose-6-phosphatase Expression-Mediated [ 18F]FDG Efflux in Murine Inflammation and Cancer Models. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:917-925. [PMID: 30719695 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) accumulation in inflammatory lesions can confound the diagnosis of cancer. In this study, we investigated [18F]FDG accumulation and efflux in relation to the genes and proteins involved in glucose metabolism in murine inflammation and cancer models. PROCEDURES [18F]FDG accumulation and [18F]FDG efflux were measured in cancer cells (breast cancer, glioma, thyroid cancer, and hepatoma cells) and RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of mRNA expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The expression of glucose metabolism-related proteins was detected by western blotting. Dynamic [18F]FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) images were acquired for 2 h in tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice and inflammatory mice induced by turpentine oil. RESULTS [18F]FDG accumulation in MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) increased with time, but that of HepG2 (hepatoma) reached a constant level after 120 min. [18F]FDG efflux in HepG2 was faster than that in MDA-MB-231. HepG2 strongly expressed glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) compared with MDA-MB-231. [18F]FDG accumulation increased with time, and [18F]FDG efflux accelerated after the activation of RAW 264.7 cells. The expression levels of G6Pase, glucose transporter1 and glucose transporter3 (GLUT1 and GLUT3), and hexokinase II (HK II) increased after the activation of RAW 264.7 cells. [18F]FDG efflux in activated macrophages was faster than that in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 strongly expressed HK II protein compared with the activated RAW 264.7. In murine models, [18F]FDG accumulation in MDA-MB-231 cancer and inflammatory lesions increased with time, but that in HepG2 tumor increased until 20-30 min (SUVmeans ± SD (tumor/muscle), 3.0 ± 1.3) and then decreased (2.1 ± 0.9 at 110-120 min). CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the pattern of [18F]FDG accumulation with time in MDA-MB-231 tumors and inflammatory lesions. We found that [18F]FDG efflux accelerated in activated macrophages reflecting increased G6Pase expression after activation and lower expression of HK II protein than that in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Biology Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JoonHo Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abass Alavi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sean Carlin
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Biology Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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Downey AM, Cairo CW. α-Bromophosphonate analogs of glucose-6-phosphate are inhibitors of glucose-6-phosphatase. Carbohydr Res 2013; 381:123-32. [PMID: 24095944 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) is an essential metabolic enzyme that has upregulated activity in Type II diabetes. Synthetic analogs of the G6Pase substrate, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), may provide new tools to probe enzyme activity, or lead to specific inhibitors of glycosylphosphatase enzymes. Here we have developed synthetic routes to a panel of non-hydrolyzable G6P analogs containing α-bromo, α,α-dibromo, and α-bromo-α,β-unsaturated phosphonates compatible with a carbohydrate nucleus. We confirm that these functionalities have potency as inhibitors of G6Pase in vitro, providing a series of new phosphate isosteres that can be exploited for inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Michael Downey
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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