1
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Wang Y. Immune-related biomarkers in myocardial infarction; diagnostic/prognostic value and therapeutic potential. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23489. [PMID: 37574886 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing worldwide on an annual basis. The incorporation of circulating biomarkers, along with electrocardiography, echocardiography, coronary angiograms, and other diagnostic techniques, is essential in the evaluation, prediction, and therapeutic efficacy assessment of patients afflicted with MI. Biomarker evaluation has been employed in the diagnosis of MI for over five decades. Further biomarker research can be carried out as newer biomarkers have been discovered in pathways such as inflammatory response, neurohormonal stimulation, or myocardial stress that initiate significantly earlier than myocyte necrosis and the diagnostic establishment of cardiac troponins. The assessment of biomarkers for MI is on the brink of a significant transformation due to advancements in comprehending the intricate pathophysiology of the condition. This has led to a pursuit of innovative biomarkers that could potentially overcome the limitations of current biomarkers. For individuals with a high-risk profile, this may facilitate tailoring of appropriate treatment. This review places emphasis on a diverse array of biomarkers that have the potential to offer diagnostic and prognostic information, as well as the latest clinical and preclinical evidence that is driving theoretical advancements in cardiovascular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
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2
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Chowdhury A, Vivanco-Suarez J, Teferi N, Belzer A, Al-Kaylani H, Challa M, Lee S, Buatti JM, Hitchon P. Surgical management of craniospinal axis malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a single-institution experience and literature review. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:338. [PMID: 37880773 PMCID: PMC10601280 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive tumor, with limited literature on its management. Herein, we present our series of surgically managed craniospinal MPNSTs, analyze their outcomes, and review the literature. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed surgically managed primary craniospinal MPNSTs treated at our institution between January 2005 and May 2023. Patient demographics, tumor features, and treatment outcomes were assessed. Neurological function was quantified using the Frankel grade and Karnofsky performance scores. Descriptive statistics, rank-sum tests, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed. RESULTS Eight patients satisfied the inclusion criteria (4 male, 4 female). The median age at presentation was 38 years (range 15-67). Most tumors were localized to the spine (75%), and 3 patients had neurofibromatosis type 1. The most common presenting symptoms were paresthesia (50%) and visual changes (13%). The median tumor size was 3 cm, and most tumors were oval-shaped (50%) with well-defined borders (75%). Six tumors were high grade (75%), and gross total resection was achieved in 5 patients, with subtotal resection in the remaining 3 patients. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed in 6 (75%) and 4 (50%) cases, respectively. Local recurrence occurred in 5 (63%) cases, and distant metastases occurred in 2 (25%). The median overall survival was 26.7 months. Five (63%) patients died due to recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Primary craniospinal MPNSTs are rare and have an aggressive clinical course. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing these tumors. In this single-center study with a small cohort, maximal resection, low-grade pathology, young age (< 30), and adjuvant radiotherapy were associated with improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmain Chowdhury
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Nahom Teferi
- Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alex Belzer
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hend Al-Kaylani
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Meron Challa
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sarah Lee
- Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - John M Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Patrick Hitchon
- Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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3
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Casadonte R, Kriegsmann M, Kriegsmann K, Streit H, Meliß RR, Müller CSL, Kriegsmann J. Imaging Mass Spectrometry for the Classification of Melanoma Based on BRAF/ NRAS Mutational Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065110. [PMID: 36982192 PMCID: PMC10049262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the oncogenes v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) are the most frequent genetic alterations in melanoma and are mutually exclusive. BRAF V600 mutations are predictive for response to the two BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib. However, inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity and the development of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors have important clinical implications. Here, we investigated and compared the molecular profile of BRAF and NRAS mutated and wildtype melanoma patients' tissue samples using imaging mass spectrometry-based proteomic technology, to identify specific molecular signatures associated with the respective tumors. SCiLSLab and R-statistical software were used to classify peptide profiles using linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine models optimized with two internal cross-validation methods (leave-one-out, k-fold). Classification models showed molecular differences between BRAF and NRAS mutated melanoma, and identification of both was possible with an accuracy of 87-89% and 76-79%, depending on the respective classification method applied. In addition, differential expression of some predictive proteins, such as histones or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, correlated with BRAF or NRAS mutation status. Overall, these findings provide a new molecular method to classify melanoma patients carrying BRAF and NRAS mutations and help provide a broader view of the molecular characteristics of these patients that may help understand the signaling pathways and interactions involving the altered genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology Wiesbaden, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helene Streit
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | | | - Cornelia S L Müller
- MVZ für Histologie, Zytologie und Molekulare Diagnostik Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Joerg Kriegsmann
- Proteopath GmbH, 54296 Trier, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria
- MVZ für Histologie, Zytologie und Molekulare Diagnostik Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany
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4
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Pop AM, Monea M, Olah P, Moraru R, Cotoi OS. The Importance of Immunohistochemistry in the Evaluation of Tumor Depth of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061020. [PMID: 36980327 PMCID: PMC10046945 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM) is the most aggressive skin malignancy, with an increasing incidence and significant mortality. Tumoral invasion, expressed as Breslow thickness, is routinely assessed on hematoxylin and eosin (HE), although this stain may sometimes underestimate the tumoral depth. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of the immunohistochemical (IHC) markers S-100, SOX10, Melan-A, and HMB-45 with HE for the evaluation of the Breslow thickness and staging of PCM. This retrospective study included 46 cases of PCM diagnosed between 2015 and 2022; for each case, the Breslow thickness using HE, S-100, SOX10, Melan-A, and HMB-45 was measured and the appropriate T category was recorded. The highest values of the Breslow thickness were observed for S-100. However, S-100, SOX10, and Melan-A provided statistically significant higher values of the Breslow thickness compared to HE, but no difference was noted between HMB-45 and HE. S-100 was most frequently involved in increasing the T category (26.1%), the majority of cases being upstaged from T1a to T1b. The IHC markers S-100, SOX10, and Melan-A contributed to better evaluation of the melanoma invasion, especially in thin melanomas, but their impact on staging and consecutive treatment remains to be confirmed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Maria Pop
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Monica Monea
- Department of Odontology and Oral Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Peter Olah
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Raluca Moraru
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Department of Plastic Surgery, County Clinical Hospital Mureș, 540103 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
- Department of Pathophysiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Department of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital Mureș, 540011 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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5
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Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:913-920. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Wu WT, Chang KV, Ozcakar L. Ultrasound Examination Facilitated the Diagnosis of an Intercostal Schwannoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e26079. [PMID: 35865427 PMCID: PMC9293252 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is known for its capability in scrutinizing superficial soft tissue disorders. We report a rare case of a 71-year-old male who presented with a history of rectal cancer with lymph node metastasis and had complete remission after surgery and chemotherapy. He had a palpable mass over the right anterior lower chest, which became gradually painful in the recent six months. Ultrasound facilitated the diagnosis of an intercostal schwannoma, which was also evident on magnetic resonance imaging and was confirmed by the histopathological study. Following the tumor excision, the patient had complete pain relief at the second-month follow-up. The case report highlighted the usefulness of ultrasound in clarification of the exact location of a chest wall tumor in relation to ribs, pleura, adjacent muscles, and intercostal neurovascular bundles as well as delineation of its echotexture and internal vascularity.
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7
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Ricci C, Dika E, Ambrosi F, Lambertini M, Veronesi G, Barbara C. Cutaneous Melanomas: A Single Center Experience on the Usage of Immunohistochemistry Applied for the Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5911. [PMID: 35682589 PMCID: PMC9180684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (cM) is the deadliest of all primary skin cancers. Its prognosis is strongly influenced by the stage at diagnosis, with early stages having a good prognosis and being potentially treatable with surgery alone; advanced stages display a much worse prognosis, with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. For this reason, the accurate and early diagnosis of cM is crucial-misdiagnosis may have extremely dangerous consequences for the patient and drastically reduce their chances of survival. Although the histological exam remains the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of cM, a continuously increasing number of immunohistochemical markers that could help in diagnosis, prognostic characterization, and appropriate therapeutical choices are identified every day, with some of them becoming part of routine practice. This review aims to discuss and summarize all the data related to the immunohistochemical analyses that are potentially useful for the diagnosis of cM, thus rendering it easier to appropriately applicate to routine practice. We will discuss these topics, as well as the role of these molecules in the biology of cM and potential impact on diagnosis and treatment, integrating the literature data with the experience of our surgical pathology department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (C.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Emi Dika
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesca Ambrosi
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Corti Barbara
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, 40139 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Gisina A, Novikova S, Kim Y, Sidorov D, Bykasov S, Volchenko N, Kaprin A, Zgoda V, Yarygin K, Lupatov A. CEACAM5 overexpression is a reliable characteristic of CD133-positive colorectal cancer stem cells. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:85-98. [PMID: 34092615 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD133 (prominin-1) is the most commonly used molecular marker of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) that maintain tumor progression and recurrence in colorectal cancer. However, the proteome of CSCs directly isolated from colorectal tumors based on CD133 expression has never been investigated. OBJECTIVE To reveal biomarkers of CD133-positive colorectal CSCs. METHODS Thirty colorectal tumor samples were collected from patients undergoing bowel resection. CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells were isolated by FACS. Comparative proteomic profiling was performed by LC-MS/MS analysis combined with label-free quantification. Verification of differentially expressed proteins was performed by flow cytometry or ELISA. CD133-knockout Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. RESULTS LC-MS/MS analysis identified 29 proteins with at least 2.5-fold higher expression in CD133-positive cells versus CD133-negative cells. Flow cytometry confirmed CEACAM5 overexpression in CD133-positive cells in all clinical samples analyzed. S100A8, S100A9, and DEFA1 were differentially expressed in only a proportion of the samples. CD133 knockout in the colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and HT-29 did not affect the median level of CEACAM5 expression, but led to higher variance of the percentage of CEACAM5-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS High CEACAM5 expression in colorectal cancer cells is firmly associated with the CD133-positive colorectal CSC phenotype, but it is unlikely that CD133 directly regulates CEACAM5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gisina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Novikova
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yan Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Sidorov
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Bykasov
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Volchenko
- Department of Oncomorphology, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Zgoda
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Yarygin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Lupatov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Puglisi R, Bellenghi M, Pontecorvi G, Pallante G, Carè A, Mattia G. Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Response to Immunotherapy in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2875. [PMID: 34207514 PMCID: PMC8228007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Melanoma classification is constantly looking for specific and sensitive biomarkers capable of having a positive effect on diagnosis, prognosis and risk assessment, eventually affecting clinical outcome. Classical morphological, immunohistochemical and the well-known BRAF and NRAS genetic biomarkers do not allow the correct categorization of patients, being melanoma conditioned by high genetic heterogeneity. At the same time, classic prognostic methods are unsatisfactory. Therefore, new advances in omics and high-throughput analytical techniques have enabled the identification of numerous possible biomarkers, but their potentiality needs to be validated and standardized in prospective studies. Melanoma is considered an immunogenic tumor, being the first form of cancer to take advantage of the clinical use of the immune-checkpoint blockers. However, as immunotherapy is effective only in a limited number of patients, biomarkers associated with different responses are essential to select the more promising therapeutic approach and maximize clinical benefits. In this review, we summarize the most utilized biomarkers for Cutaneous Melanoma diagnosis, focusing on new prognostic and predictive biomarkers mainly associated with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.B.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (G.M.)
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10
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Tsai CF, Zhang P, Scholten D, Martin K, Wang YT, Zhao R, Chrisler WB, Patel DB, Dou M, Jia Y, Reduzzi C, Liu X, Moore RJ, Burnum-Johnson KE, Lin MH, Hsu CC, Jacobs JM, Kagan J, Srivastava S, Rodland KD, Steven Wiley H, Qian WJ, Smith RD, Zhu Y, Cristofanilli M, Liu T, Liu H, Shi T. Surfactant-assisted one-pot sample preparation for label-free single-cell proteomics. Commun Biol 2021; 4:265. [PMID: 33649493 PMCID: PMC7921383 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large numbers of cells are generally required for quantitative global proteome profiling due to surface adsorption losses associated with sample processing. Such bulk measurement obscures important cell-to-cell variability (cell heterogeneity) and makes proteomic profiling impossible for rare cell populations (e.g., circulating tumor cells (CTCs)). Here we report a surfactant-assisted one-pot sample preparation coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method termed SOP-MS for label-free global single-cell proteomics. SOP-MS capitalizes on the combination of a MS-compatible nonionic surfactant, n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside, and hydrophobic surface-based low-bind tubes or multi-well plates for ‘all-in-one’ one-pot sample preparation. This ‘all-in-one’ method including elimination of all sample transfer steps maximally reduces surface adsorption losses for effective processing of single cells, thus improving detection sensitivity for single-cell proteomics. This method allows convenient label-free quantification of hundreds of proteins from single human cells and ~1200 proteins from small tissue sections (close to ~20 cells). When applied to a patient CTC-derived xenograft (PCDX) model at the single-cell resolution, SOP-MS can reveal distinct protein signatures between primary tumor cells and early metastatic lung cells, which are related to the selection pressure of anti-tumor immunity during breast cancer metastasis. The approach paves the way for routine, precise, quantitative single-cell proteomics. Tsai, Zhang, Scholten et al. develop a surfactant- assisted one-pot sample preparation coupled with mass spectrometry method (SOP-MS) for label-free global single-cell proteomics. This method allows researchers to measure hundreds of proteins from single human cells, suggesting its utility for quantitative single-cell proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - David Scholten
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kendall Martin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - William B Chrisler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Dhwani B Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maowei Dou
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carolina Reduzzi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Miao-Hsia Lin
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jon M Jacobs
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Kagan
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - H Steven Wiley
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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11
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Wu Y, Pan N, An Y, Xu M, Tan L, Zhang L. Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:617277. [PMID: 33614740 PMCID: PMC7886815 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.617277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) increases every year worldwide. Better diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for clinical applications are the consistent pursuit of MI research. In addition to electrocardiogram, echocardiography, coronary angiography, etc., circulating biomarkers are essential for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment effect monitoring of MI patients. In this review, we assessed both strength and weakness of MI circulating biomarkers including: (1) originated from damaged myocardial tissues including current golden standard cardiac troponin, (2) released from non-myocardial tissues due to MI-induced systems reactions, and (3) preexisted in blood circulation before the occurrence of MI event. We also summarized newly reported MI biomarkers. We proposed that the biomarkers preexisting in blood circulation before MI incidents should be emphasized in research and development for MI prevention in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wu
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Center for Clinical Research, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nana Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Center for Clinical Research, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Hessler M, Jalilian E, Xu Q, Reddy S, Horton L, Elkin K, Manwar R, Tsoukas M, Mehregan D, Avanaki K. Melanoma Biomarkers and Their Potential Application for In Vivo Diagnostic Imaging Modalities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9583. [PMID: 33339193 PMCID: PMC7765677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and remains a diagnostic challenge in the dermatology clinic. Several non-invasive imaging techniques have been developed to identify melanoma. The signal source in each of these modalities is based on the alteration of physical characteristics of the tissue from healthy/benign to melanoma. However, as these characteristics are not always sufficiently specific, the current imaging techniques are not adequate for use in the clinical setting. A more robust way of melanoma diagnosis is to "stain" or selectively target the suspect tissue with a melanoma biomarker attached to a contrast enhancer of one imaging modality. Here, we categorize and review known melanoma diagnostic biomarkers with the goal of guiding skin imaging experts to design an appropriate diagnostic tool for differentiating between melanoma and benign lesions with a high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Hessler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Elmira Jalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
| | - Shriya Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
| | - Luke Horton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kenneth Elkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Maria Tsoukas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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13
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RAGE Signaling in Melanoma Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238989. [PMID: 33256110 PMCID: PMC7730603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progresses in its treatment, malignant cutaneous melanoma remains a cancer with very poor prognosis. Emerging evidences suggest that the receptor for advance glycation end products (RAGE) plays a key role in melanoma progression through its activation in both cancer and stromal cells. In tumors, RAGE activation is fueled by numerous ligands, S100B and HMGB1 being the most notable, but the role of many other ligands is not well understood and should not be underappreciated. Here, we provide a review of the current role of RAGE in melanoma and conclude that targeting RAGE in melanoma could be an approach to improve the outcomes of melanoma patients.
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Khalil EZI, Osman NAA. The combined use of H3K27 trimethylation and TLE1 can provide additional diagnostic value for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and synovial sarcoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 45:151450. [PMID: 32007715 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.151450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Distinguishing desmoplastic melanomas (DMs) from neurofibromas (NFs) can be histologically challenging in some cases. To date, a reliable marker to differentiate the 2 entities has remained elusive. S100 subtyping and CD34 fingerprinting have been proposed, but controversy remains as to their reliability. Missense mutations in TP53 are often found in DMs, resulting in a dominant negative effect and paradoxical accumulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. We hypothesized that p53 may be expressed differentially in DMs, making it a valuable tool in differentiating DMs from NFs. Using immunohistochemistry, we compared p53 protein expression in 20 DMs and 20 NFs retrieved from our tissue archives and stained with p53 antibody (Monoclonal, DO-7). Patients with DM included 18 men and 2 women (age, 36 to 95 y; mean, 70.5 y; median, 70 y). Fifteen (15/20) tumors occurred in head and neck area; 2 (2/20) on the trunk; and 3 (3/20) on the extremities. Patients with NF included 12 men and 8 women (age, 47 to 85 y; mean, 65.2 y; median, 69.5 y). Eleven (11/20) tumors occurred on the trunk, 6 (6/20) on the extremities, and 3 (3/20) on the head and neck area. A total of 19/20 (95%) DMs were positive for p53. DM Histo-scores ranged from 0 to 300 (mean, 203; median, 260). Nuclear accumulation of p53 was seen in all 19 positive DMs. None of the 20 NFs were positive for p53 (2-tailed t test P-value <0.0001). Detection of p53 by immunohistochemistry can help to distinguish DMs from NFs.
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16
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Sekhar P, Nandhini G, Kumar KR, Kumar AR. Solitary neurofibroma of the palate mimicking mucocele: A rare case report. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23:23-26. [PMID: 30967718 PMCID: PMC6421926 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_196_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibroma is a benign, slow-growing, peripheral nerve neoplasm. It presents as a solitary tumor or component of neurofibromatosis (NF) and von Recklinghausen's disease. The occurrence of solitary neurofibromas in the oral cavity is less frequent, and those in the palate are reported in less numbers. This report describes an unusual case of solitary neurofibroma in the hard palate which clinically mimicked a mucocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Sekhar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Nandhini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Raj Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Høland M, Kolberg M, Danielsen SA, Bjerkehagen B, Eilertsen IA, Hektoen M, Mandahl N, van den Berg E, Smeland S, Mertens F, Sundby Hall K, Picci P, Sveen A, Lothe RA. Inferior survival for patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors defined by aberrant TP53. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1694-1707. [PMID: 29946184 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a rare and aggressive disease with poor treatment response, mainly affecting adolescents and young adults. Few molecular biomarkers are used in the management of this cancer type, and although TP53 is one of few recurrently mutated genes in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, the mutation prevalence and the corresponding clinical value of the TP53 network remains unsettled. We present a multi-level molecular study focused on aberrations in the TP53 network in relation to patient outcome in a series of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors from 100 patients and 38 neurofibromas, including TP53 sequencing, high-resolution copy number analyses of TP53 and MDM2, and gene expression profiling. Point mutations in TP53 were accompanied by loss of heterozygosity, resulting in complete loss of protein function in 8.2% of the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Another 5.5% had MDM2 amplification. TP53 mutation and MDM2 amplification were mutually exclusive and patients with either type of aberration in their tumor had a worse prognosis, compared to those without (hazard ratio for 5-year disease-specific survival 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.78-6.98). Both aberrations had similar consequences on the gene expression level, as analyzed by a TP53-associated gene signature, a property also shared with the copy number aberrations and/or loss of heterozygosity at the TP53 locus, suggesting a common "TP53-mutated phenotype" in as many as 60% of the tumors. This was a poor prognostic phenotype (hazard ratio = 4.1, confidence interval:1.7-9.8), thus revealing a TP53-non-aberrant patient subgroup with a favorable outcome. The frequency of the "TP53-mutated phenotype" warrants explorative studies of stratified treatment strategies in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Høland
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthias Kolberg
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Aske Danielsen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjerkehagen
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina A Eilertsen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Hektoen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Mandahl
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva van den Berg
- Department of Genetics, The University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sigbjørn Smeland
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Sundby Hall
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anita Sveen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Plexiform Schwannoma of the Tongue in a Pediatric Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 2: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Case Rep Pathol 2018; 2018:9814591. [PMID: 30410810 PMCID: PMC6205313 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9814591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plexiform schwannoma is a rare variant of schwannoma that accounts for only 5% of all schwannomas. Herein, we present a rare case of plexiform schwannoma of the tongue in a pediatric patient with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Case Presentation A 13-year-old female presented with a growing left-sided tongue mass. The patient has a past medical history of NF2. The tongue mass was excised and histopathological examination revealed a spindle cell tumor with multinodular growth pattern, with Verocay bodies' formation. Tumor cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein and negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA), and EMA highlighted perineural fibroblasts surrounding tumor nodules. These findings were diagnostic of plexiform schwannoma. Conclusion Plexiform schwannoma of the tongue is an extremely rare tumor seen in patients with NF2. Clinical examination and histopathological evaluation are important for diagnosis of plexiform schwannoma.
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Sun D, Wu Y, Liu Y, Yang J. Primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma: case report, literature review and pooled analysis. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:512. [PMID: 29720127 PMCID: PMC5932848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma is a very rare cardiac malignancy. The majority of publications are limited to case reports. No pooled analyses of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma cases are available. Little clinical features and outcome patterns are acknowledged. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma. Case presentation A case report of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma was presented, and a review of English language literatures of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcomas were performed electronically. Demographics, clinicopathologic data, therapy and follow-up were summarized. The median survival time and the mean survival time were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Survival distribution and overall survival were figured by log-rank test and cox proportional hazards models. We present a case, and retrospectively analyzed additional 30 patients derived from 24 isolated articles. The cohort consisted of 18 male and 13 female patients. The age was 41.87 ± 17.89 years. Some common features were found in clinical presentations, pathologic features, treatments and outcome patterns of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma. There were special features in echocardiography, histological and immunohistochemical examinations, which should be considered in diagnosis of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma. The median survival time/mean survival time (MST) was 14/32.66 months. The median survival time/mean survival time (MST) was 14/32.66 months. Compared to the other groups, the following groups had shorter survival characteristics, including age ≥ 40 years (14/11.79 months), female (14/26.26 months), mass diameter ≥ 40 mm (14/14.64 months), high-grade (2/11.81 months), and no post-treatment (14/28.09 months). Statistical analyses revealed that primary cardiac myxofibrosarcomas were more likely to present with local recurrences and dismal metastases. Tumors ≥ 40 mm in size (P = 0.055, HR = 6.79) or with high-grade (P = 0.063, HR = 11.45) had significantly worse prognosis. Conclusions Primary cardiac myxofibrosarcomas were more likely to present with local recurrences and dismal metastases. Echocardiography, together with histological method should be considered in ordinary diagnosis. Tumors ≥ 40 mm in size or with high-grade had significantly worse prognosis, which should be early diagnosed and treated with rational surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yupeng Wu
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University and The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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20
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Loss of H3K27 trimethylation is not suitable for distinguishing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor from melanoma: a study of 387 cases including mimicking lesions. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1677-1687. [PMID: 28752843 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor remains challenging, especially in the sporadic setting. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a rare malignancy, and owing to the lack of specific histological criteria, immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic markers, several differential diagnoses must be considered, in particular melanoma. Recently, inactivation of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), induced by inactivating mutations in two of its critical constituents SUZ12 and EED, was reported in a large subset of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Homozygous PRC2 inactivation induces complete loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3). Recent studies suggest that complete loss of H3K27me3 is highly specific for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and may be a useful immunohistochemical diagnostic marker. Therefore, to determine the specificity of the complete loss of H3K27me3 expression in the context of the differential diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor from melanoma (its major potential mimic), we performed H3K27me3 immunohistochemistry in a pathologically and genetically well-characterized cohort of primary (neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), radiation-associated and sporadic context) malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (n=122) and in a cohort or primary (desmoplastic) and metastatic melanomas (n=265). In total, 88 (72%) malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, including 46 (71%) NF1-associated, 4 (100%) radiation-associated, and 38 (72%) sporadic tumors, showed complete loss of H3K27me3. We observed increased loss of H3K27me3 with increasing histological grade. Interestingly, we found complete loss of H3K27me3 in 37% (n=98) of all melanomas, including 25% (n=9) of primary desmoplastic melanomas. Moreover, partial loss ('mosaic' pattern) was observed in 23 (19%) of all malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and in 136 (51%) of all melanomas. Complete loss of H3K27me3 detected by immunohistochemistry is not specific for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and cannot be used safely when distinguishing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor from melanoma.
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21
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Sharif M, Mohamed A, Reinacher M. Malignant renal schwannoma in a cat. Open Vet J 2017; 7:214-220. [PMID: 28795017 PMCID: PMC5538086 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v7i3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A nine-year-old male European shorthair cat with rapidly enlarging mass at the left kidney doubted to be malignant was presented. The purpose of this study is to present the clinical, radiological and pathological findings of a primary renal tumor in the cat. Grossly, the mass mostly encapsulated the kidney. Histologically, excisional biopsy showed worrying histological features. A sarcoma-like tumor composed mainly of neoplastic spindle-shaped cells. Neoplastic nodules of aggregations of fusiform cells arranged in multidirectional bundles. Immunohistochemically, several immunohistochemical satins (melan-A, S-100, vimentin, actin, desmin, cytokeratin, neurofilament, melan-A, NSE, synaptophysin, chromogranin, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein GFAP, Collagen IV and CD99) were used to differentially diagnose the mass. The stained neoplastic sections positively tested to S-100, but negative to the other aforementioned immunohistochemical stains. Immunohistochemistry with S-100 antibody staining showed an unusually strong positive reaction throughout the tumor cells. Based on our comparative diagnosis relative to other tumors, in addition to the progressive clinical signs, histopathological and immunohistochemical results, this case was presumptively diagnosis as a malignant schwannoma. According to our investigation of the relevant literature, this study of malignant renal Schwannoma (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor) is a highly rare case not previously characterized in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monier Sharif
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Omar Al-Mukhtar, Al-Beida, Libya
| | - Adel Mohamed
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Omar Al-Mukhtar, Al-Beida, Libya
| | - Manfred Reinacher
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str. 96, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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22
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Owosho AA, Estilo CL, Huryn JM, Chi P, Antonescu CR. A Clinicopathologic Study of Head and Neck Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Head Neck Pathol 2017; 12:151-159. [PMID: 28762137 PMCID: PMC5953865 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-017-0841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck high grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (HN-MPNSTs) are rare highly aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that show overlapping morphologic and immunophenotypic features with melanoma and other high grade sarcomas, resulting in diagnostic challenges, particularly in sporadic settings. Recent discoveries have implicated loss of function mutations in the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) components, including EED or SUZ12 genes, as one of the leading pathogenetic mechanisms in high grade MPNST. MPNSTs with PRC2 loss are associated with complete loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), which emerged as a reliable immunohistochemical marker in the diagnosis of sporadic and radiation induced MPNST. As the diagnosis of MPNST in the HN is particularly challenging to distinguish from melanoma and other sarcoma types, we carried out a clinicopathologic analysis on HN-MPNST patients managed at our institution over a 20-year period (1997-2016), using the latest diagnostic criteria including H3K27me3 staining and other molecular investigations. The overall survival of HN-MPNST was compared with other HN soft tissue sarcomas. The diagnosis of HN-MPNST was confirmed in 13 patients (seven males and six females), with a mean age of 31 years; with 3 (23%) patients being of pediatric age. The most common site was the neck soft tissue (77%). Two-thirds of patients (n = 9) had stigmata of NF1, three had prior radiotherapy and only one developed a de novo MPNST. All except one tumor (86%) tested showed loss of H3K27me3 expression, including all non-NF1 patients. The 2 and 5-year DSS rates were 50 and 30%. The 2-year DFS rate was 21%. Adverse predictors on DSS included adult age (p = 0.011), prior-history of RT (p = 0.003) and recurrence (p = 0.003). Compared to other molecularly confirmed subsets of HN sarcomas (Ewing and Ewing-like sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma), HN-MPNST had the worst overall survival (p < 0.0001). We conclude that HN-MPNSTs are highly aggressive sarcomas associated with an unfavorable outcome and the utility of H3K27me3 IHC stains in the evaluation of MPNST is a reliable ancillary diagnostic adjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adepitan A Owosho
- College of Dental Medicine, University of New England, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Cherry L Estilo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Joseph M Huryn
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Ibrahim S, Al-Turk B, Harris C, Al-Saffar F, Said S, Farsi M, Winder J, Landa C. Melanoma Masquerading as a Zosteriform Rash. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2017; 18:537-540. [PMID: 28507284 PMCID: PMC5441273 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.902377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care physicians and internal medicine specialists frequently encounter a variety of rashes. Many of these cases look and feel typical of common entities, resulting in the potential for misdiagnosis. CASE REPORT This is a case of a zosteriform rash where the surprising true diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was confirmed with bedside skin punch biopsy. Possible mechanisms involve direct cutaneous injury, neuronal, and dorsal root ganglia involvement in metastases. CONCLUSIONS Skin biopsy is indispensable especially when there is a lack of clinical response or deterioration in the clinical condition. The pathophysiology of zosteriform metastasis is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ibrahim
- Department of Cardiology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bashar Al-Turk
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ciel Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Sayf Said
- Department of Medicine, Providence Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maheera Farsi
- Department of Dermatology, Largo Medical Center, Largo, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Winder
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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24
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Wessels D, Lusche DF, Voss E, Kuhl S, Buchele EC, Klemme MR, Russell KB, Ambrose J, Soll BA, Bossler A, Milhem M, Goldman C, Soll DR. Melanoma cells undergo aggressive coalescence in a 3D Matrigel model that is repressed by anti-CD44. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173400. [PMID: 28264026 PMCID: PMC5338862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using unique computer-assisted 3D reconstruction software, it was previously demonstrated that tumorigenic cell lines derived from breast tumors, when seeded in a 3D Matrigel model, grew as clonal aggregates which, after approximately 100 hours, underwent coalescence mediated by specialized cells, eventually forming a highly structured large spheroid. Non-tumorigenic cells did not undergo coalescence. Because histological sections of melanomas forming in patients suggest that melanoma cells migrate and coalesce to form tumors, we tested whether they also underwent coalescence in a 3D Matrigel model. Melanoma cells exiting fragments of three independent melanomas or from secondary cultures derived from them, and cells from the melanoma line HTB-66, all underwent coalescence mediated by specialized cells in the 3D model. Normal melanocytes did not. However, coalescence of melanoma cells differed from that of breast-derived tumorigenic cell lines in that they 1) coalesced immediately, 2) underwent coalescence as individual cells as well as aggregates, 3) underwent coalescence far faster and 4) ultimately formed long, flat, fenestrated aggregates that were extremely dynamic. A screen of 51 purified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting cell surface-associated molecules revealed that two mAbs, anti-beta 1 integrin/(CD29) and anti-CD44, blocked melanoma cell coalescence. They also blocked coalescence of tumorigenic cells derived from a breast tumor. These results add weight to the commonality of coalescence as a characteristic of tumorigenic cells, as well as the usefulness of the 3D Matrigel model and software for both investigating the mechanisms regulating tumorigenesis and screening for potential anti-tumorigenesis mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Wessels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Lusche
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Edward Voss
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Spencer Kuhl
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Emma C. Buchele
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Michael R. Klemme
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Kanoe B. Russell
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Joseph Ambrose
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Aaron Bossler
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Mohammed Milhem
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Charles Goldman
- Mercy Hospital System of Des Moines, Des Moines, IA United States of America
| | - David R. Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Use of New Techniques in Addition to IHC Applied to the Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions, With Emphasis on CGH, FISH, and Mass Spectrometry. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017; 108:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Nagarajan P, Tetzlaff M, Curry J, Prieto V. Use of New Techniques in Addition to IHC Applied to the Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions, With Emphasis on CGH, FISH, and Mass Spectrometry. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Wu T, Li D, Wang Y, Sun B, Li D, Morsi Y, El-Hamshary H, Al-Deyab SS, Mo X. Laminin-coated nerve guidance conduits based on poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) fibers and yarns for promoting Schwann cells’ proliferation and migration. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3186-3194. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A laminin-coated and yarn-encapsulated PLGA nerve guidance conduit for Schwann cells’ proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Yuanfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Binbin Sun
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
| | - Dawei Li
- College of Textiles
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Yosry Morsi
- Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Hawthorn
- Australia
| | - Hany El-Hamshary
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem S. Al-Deyab
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
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Loss of H3K27me3 Expression Is a Highly Sensitive Marker for Sporadic and Radiation-induced MPNST. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40:479-89. [PMID: 26645727 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Most malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) exhibit combined inactivation of NF1, CDKN2A, and polycomb repressive complex 2 component genes (Embryonic Ectoderm Development [EED] and Suppressor of Zeste 12 [SUZ12]). Mutations in EED and SUZ12 induce loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3), with subsequent aberrant transcriptional activation of polycomb repressive complex 2-repressed homeobox master regulators. These findings prompted us to investigate the performance of an anti-H3K27me3 monoclonal antibody clone C36B11 as an immunohistochemical marker for MPNSTs. We assessed the C36B11 reactivity pattern in a pathologically and genetically well-characterized cohort of 68 MPNSTs, spanning various clinical presentations, such as type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1), radiotherapy, and sporadic MPNSTs. We found that 69% (n=47) of all MPNSTs demonstrated loss of H3K27me3 expression, with 42 (61%) showing complete loss and 5 (7%) showing partial loss, whereas 31% (n=21) retained H3K27me3 expression. Among the NF1-related high-grade MPNSTs, 60% demonstrated loss of expression. In contrast, the majority of both sporadic (95%) and radiotherapy-related (91%) MPNSTs showed loss of H3K27me3 expression. Two of the 3 low-grade MPNSTs and all neurofibromas showed retained expression. Furthermore, all 5 epithelioid MPNSTs retained H3K27me3 labeling. The specificity of H3K27me3 loss as a marker for MPNSTs was studied by testing a large spectrum of lesions included in MPNST differential diagnosis, such as spindle/desmoplastic melanomas, synovial sarcomas, myoepithelial tumors, and other mesenchymal neoplasms, all of which retained expression of H3K27me3. We conclude that immunohistochemical analysis of H3K27me3 has good sensitivity and robust specificity for the diagnosis of MPNST, particularly outside of NF1 clinical history, which represents the most challenging diagnostic setting.
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Loss of H3K27 tri-methylation is a diagnostic marker for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and an indicator for an inferior survival. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:582-90. [PMID: 26990975 PMCID: PMC4948583 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas that can show overlapping features with benign neurofibromas as well as high-grade sarcomas. Additional diagnostic markers are needed to aid in this often challenging differential diagnosis. Recently mutations in two critical components of the polycomb repressor 2 (PRC2) complex, SUZ12 and EED, were reported to occur specifically in MPNSTs while such mutations are absent in neurofibromas, both in the setting of neurofibromatosis (NF) and sporadic cases. Furthermore, both SUZ12 and EED mutations in MPNSTs were associated with loss of H3K27 tri-methylation, a downstream target of PRC2. Therefore, we tested whether H3K27me3 immunohistochemistry is useful as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for MPNSTs. We performed H3K27me3 immunohistochemistry in 162 primary MPNSTs, 97 neurofibromas and 341 other tumors using tissue microarray. We observed loss of H3K27me3 in 34% (55/162) of all MPNSTs while expression was retained in all neurofibromas including atypical (n=8) and plexiform subtypes (n=24). Within other tumors we detected loss of H3K27me3 in only 7% (24/341). Surprisingly, 60% (9/15) of synovial sarcomas and 38% (3/8) of fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) showed loss of H3K27 trimethylation. Only 1 out of 44 schwannomas showed loss of H3K27me3 and all 4 perineuriomas showed intact H3K27me3. Furthermore, MPNSTs with loss of H3K27 tri-methylation showed inferior survival compared with MPNSTs with intact H3K27 tri-methylation, which was validated in two independent cohorts. Our results indicate that H3K27me3 immunohistochemistry is useful as a diagnostic marker, in which loss of H3K27me3 favors MPNST above neurofibroma. However, H3K27me3 immunohistochemistry is not suitable to distinguish MPNST from its morphological mimicker synovial sarcoma or fibrosarcomatous DFSP. Since loss of H3K27 tri-methylation was related to poorer survival in MPNST, chromatin modification mediated by this specific histone seems to orchestrate more aggressive tumour biology.
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Cell viability modulation through changes of Ca2+-dependent signalling pathways. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 121:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Creo AL, Lteif AN. Pituitary gigantism: a retrospective case series. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:597-602. [PMID: 26887033 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary gigantism (PG) is a rare pediatric disease with poorly defined long-term outcomes. Our aim is to describe the longitudinal clinical course in PG patients using a single-center, retrospective cohort study. METHODS Patients younger than 19 years diagnosed with PG were identified. Thirteen cases were confirmed based on histopathology of a GH secreting adenoma or hyperplasia and a height >2 SD for age and gender. Laboratory studies, initial pathology, and imaging were abstracted. RESULTS Average age at diagnosis was 13 years with an average initial tumor size of 7.4×3.8 mm. Initial transsphenoidal surgery was curative in 3/12 patients. Four of the nine patients who failed the initial surgery required a repeat procedure. Octreotide successfully normalized GH levels in 1/6 patients with disease refractory to surgery (1/6). Two out of five patients received pegvisomant after failing octreotide but only one patient responded to treatment. Five patients were ultimately treated with radiosurgery or radiation patients were followed for an average of 10 years. CONCLUSIONS PG is difficult to treat. In most patients, the initial transsphenoidal surgery failed to normalize GH levels. If the initial surgery was unsuccessful, repeat surgery was unlikely to control GH secretion. Treatment with octreotide or pegvisomant was successful in less than half the patients failing surgery. Radiosurgery was curative, but is not an optimal treatment for pediatric patients. Despite the small sample, our study suggests that the treatment outcome of pediatric PG may be different than adults.
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Kotula E, Berthault N, Agrario C, Lienafa MC, Simon A, Dingli F, Loew D, Sibut V, Saule S, Dutreix M. DNA-PKcs plays role in cancer metastasis through regulation of secreted proteins involved in migration and invasion. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1961-72. [PMID: 26017556 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1026522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) plays a major role in DNA damage signaling and repair and is also frequently overexpressed in tumor metastasis. We used isogenic cell lines expressing different levels of DNA-PKcs to investigate the role of DNA-PKcs in metastatic development. We found that DNA-PKcs participates in melanoma primary tumor and metastasis development by stimulating angiogenesis, migration and invasion. Comparison of conditioned medium content from DNA-PKcs-proficient and deficient cells reveals that DNA-PKcs controls secretion of at least 103 proteins (including 44 metastasis-associated with FBLN1, SERPINA3, MMP-8, HSPG2 and the inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, such as α-2M and TIMP-2). High throughput analysis of secretomes, proteomes and transcriptomes, indicate that DNA-PKcs regulates the secretion of 85 proteins without affecting their gene expression. Our data demonstrate that DNA-PKcs has a pro-metastatic activity via the modification of the tumor microenvironment. This study shows for the first time a direct link between DNA damage repair and cancer metastasis and highlights the importance of DNA-PKcs as a potential target for anti-metastatic treatment.
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Key Words
- CM, conditioned media
- DNA damage
- DNA-PK
- DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase
- DNA-PKcs, DNA-PK catalytic subunit
- DSB, double-strand break
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- MMP inhibition
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MS, mass spectrometry
- NHEJ, non-homologous end joining
- SILAC, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase.
- metastasis
- secretion
- α-2M, α-2-macroglobulin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kotula
- a Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347; Institut National de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1021; Institut Curie ; Orsay , France
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Wang X, Han J, Hardie DB, Yang J, Borchers CH. The use of matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) to enhance mass spectrometric imaging of human prostate cancer biomarkers. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:86-95. [PMID: 26757076 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we combined a newly developed matrix coating technique - matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to enhance the imaging of peptides and proteins in tissue specimens of human prostate cancer. MCAEF increased the signal-to-noise ratios of the detected proteins by a factor of 2 to 5, and 232 signals were detected within the m/z 3500-37500 mass range on a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and with the sinapinic acid MALDI matrix. Among these species, three proteins (S100-A9, S100-A10, and S100-A12) were only observed in the cancerous cell region and 14 proteins, including a fragment of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 2, a fragment of cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19, 3 apolipoproteins (C-I, A-I, and A-II), 2 S100 proteins (A6 and A8), β-microseminoprotein, tumor protein D52, α-1-acid glycoprotein 1, heat shock protein β-1, prostate-specific antigen, and 2 unidentified large peptides at m/z 5002.2 and 6704.2, showed significantly differential distributions at the p < 0.05 (t-test) level between the cancerous and the noncancerous regions of the tissue. Among these 17 species, the distributions of apolipoprotein C-I, S100-A6, and S100-A8 were verified by immunohistological staining. In summary, this study resulted in the imaging of the largest group of proteins in prostate cancer tissues by MALDI-MS reported thus far, and is the first to show a correlation between S100 proteins and prostate cancer in a MS imaging study. The successful imaging of the three proteins only found in the cancerous tissues, as well as those showing differential expressions demonstrated the potential of MCAEF-MALDI/MS for the in situ detection of potential cancer biomarkers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, #3101-4464 Markham St., Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Jun Han
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, #3101-4464 Markham St., Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Darryl B Hardie
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, #3101-4464 Markham St., Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Juncong Yang
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, #3101-4464 Markham St., Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, #3101-4464 Markham St., Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Petch Building Room 207, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
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Abstract
Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a rare variant of melanoma with distinct clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features. Clinically, DM differs from conventional melanoma by a higher propensity for local recurrence and less frequent metastatic spread to regional lymph nodes. In its pure form, DM has a distinct appearance displaying a low density of fusiform melanocytes in a collagen-rich matrix. Whereas a number of mutations have been identified in primary melanoma, including BRAF, NRAS, GNAQ, GNA11, and KIT, and the occurrence of these mutations has been found to correlate to some extent with the histopathologic features, anatomic site, and/or mode of sun exposure, no distinct set of mutations has so far been reported for DM. To study the potential association of neurofibromin (NF1) mutations with DM, we examined 15 desmoplastic and 20 non-DMs by next-generation sequencing. Mutations of the NF1 gene were found in 14 of 15 (93%) DMs and 4 of 20 (20%) non-DMs. The high frequency of NF1 mutations in DMs suggests an important role for NF1 in the biology of this type of melanoma.
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Altun A, Saraydin SU, Soylu S, Inan DS, Yasti C, Ozdenkaya Y, Koksal B, Duger C, Isbir C, Turan M. Chemopreventive effects of hydatid disease on experimental breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1391-5. [PMID: 25743804 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.4.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common and letal cancers in all over the world. Since there have been significant improvements in treatment of breast cancer, there is still a big need for alternative approaches. In this study, we aimed to investigate protective role of hydatid disease against breast cancer. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 10 rats each Group I (control) and Group II. In Group II intraperitoneal hydatidosis was performed. Then DMBA was applied to mammary tissues of all rats. Immunohistochemistry studies for Ki-67 and S-100 in the tumoral tissue sections of DMBA induced mammary tumor in rats were performed. TUNEL Assay was used to detect apoptotic cells of tumoral tissue. In vivo anticancer activity testing was carried out by preventing the tumorigenesis by DMBA in mammary tissue of rats. The expressions of the Ki-67 and S-100 protein decreased in rats who had Hydatid Disease (HD) (Group II), compared with the control rats (Group I). TUNEL positive cells were higher in rats with HD (Group II), compared with the control rats (Group I). In vivo studies showed that HD prevented the tumorigenesis by DMBA in mammary tissue of rats with 50 percent.In the light of the evidence the present study showed that HD may have chemopreventive effects on DMBA induced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Altun
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey E-mail :
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S100A11 is a potential prognostic marker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:63-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Leśniak W, Graczyk-Jarzynka A. The S100 proteins in epidermis: Topology and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2563-72. [PMID: 26409143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100 proteins are small calcium binding proteins encoded by genes located in the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC). Differently to other proteins encoded by EDC genes, which are indispensable for normal epidermal differentiation, the role of S100 proteins in the epidermis remains largely unknown. SCOPE OF REVIEW Particular S100 proteins differ in their distribution in epidermal layers, skin appendages, melanocytes and Langerhans cells. Taking into account that each epidermal component consists of specialized cells with well-defined functions, such differential distribution may be indicative of the function of a given S100 protein. We used this criterion together with the survey of the current experimental data pertinent to epidermis to provide a fairly comprehensive view on the possible function of individual S100 proteins in this tissue. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS S100 proteins are differently expressed and, despite extensive structural homology, perform diverse functions in the epidermis. Certain S100 proteins probably ensure constant epidermal renewal and support wound healing while others act in epidermal differentiation or have a protective role. As their expression is differently affected in various skin pathologies, particular S100 proteins could be valuable diagnostic markers. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE S100 proteins seem to be important although not yet fully recognized epidermal constituents. Better understanding of their role in the epidermis might be helpful in designing therapies to various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesława Leśniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Wang T, Liang Y, Thakur A, Zhang S, Yang T, Chen T, Gao L, Chen M, Ren H. Diagnostic significance of S100A2 and S100A6 levels in sera of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2299-304. [PMID: 26361956 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical markers play a significant role in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated a link involving S100 Calcium Binding Proteins (S100A2, S100A6) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the expediency of their serum levels in NSCLC has not been established. In this study, we evaluate the potential of serum S100A2 and S100A6 levels as diagnostic markers for NSCLC. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the levels of S100A2 and S100A6 in 141 NSCLC patients and 150 healthy subjects. Serum levels of the two proteins in patients with NSCLC were higher compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0002 for S100A2 and P < 0.0001 for S100A6). Moreover, the levels of S100A2 and S100A6 were higher in the sera of stage I/II NSCLC patients compared to healthy controls with P = 0.01 and <0.0001, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that S100A2 could distinguish NSCLC patients from healthy controls (AUC = 0.646), and S100A6 could also identify NSCLC (AUC = 0.668). Meanwhile, these two proteins showed notable capabilities for distinguishing stage I/II NSCLC from healthy controls (AUC = 0.708 for S100A2 and AUC = 0.702 for S100A6). Our results indicate that serum levels of S100A2 and S100A6 are significantly elevated in early stage NSCLC and may have the potential for NSCLC biomarker. Further studies with large sample population would help validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqian Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Asmitananda Thakur
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Life Guard Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.,S.R. Laboratory and Diagnostic Center, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjun Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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An Unusual Case of Desmoplastic Melanoma Containing an Osteoclast-like Giant Cell-Rich Nodule. Am J Dermatopathol 2015; 37:299-304. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
In humans, the S100 protein family is composed of 21 members that exhibit a high degree of structural similarity, but are not functionally interchangeable. This family of proteins modulates cellular responses by functioning both as intracellular Ca(2+) sensors and as extracellular factors. Dysregulated expression of multiple members of the S100 family is a common feature of human cancers, with each type of cancer showing a unique S100 protein profile or signature. Emerging in vivo evidence indicates that the biology of most S100 proteins is complex and multifactorial, and that these proteins actively contribute to tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and immune evasion. Drug discovery efforts have identified leads for inhibiting several S100 family members, and two of the identified inhibitors have progressed to clinical trials in patients with cancer. This Review highlights new findings regarding the role of S100 family members in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the contribution of S100 signalling to tumour biology, and the discovery and development of S100 inhibitors for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R. Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - David J. Weber
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 20102, USA
| | - Danna B. Zimmer
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 20102, USA
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The receptor for advanced glycation end products influences the expression of its S100 protein ligands in melanoma tumors. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 57:54-62. [PMID: 25310905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) participates in melanoma progression by promoting tumor growth. However, the mechanisms of RAGE activation in melanoma tumors are not clearly understood. To get deeper insights into these mechanisms, we transfected a melanoma cell line, which was established from a human melanoma primary tumor, with RAGE, and studied the effect of RAGE overexpression on cell proliferation and migration in vitro. We observed that overexpression of RAGE in these cells not only resulted in significantly increased migration rates compared to control cells, but also in decreased proliferation rates (Meghnani et al., 2014). In the present study, we compared the growth of xenograft tumors established from RAGE overexpressing WM115 cells, to that of control cells. We observed that when implanted in mice, RAGE overexpressing cells generated tumors faster than control cells. Analysis of protein tumor extracts showed increased levels of the RAGE ligands S100B, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6 and S100A10 in RAGE overexpressing tumors compared to control tumors. We show that the tumor growth was significantly reduced when the mice were treated with anti-RAGE antibodies, suggesting that RAGE, and probably several S100 proteins, were involved in tumor growth. We further demonstrate that the anti-RAGE antibody treatment significantly enhanced the efficacy of the alkylating drug dacarbazine in reducing the growth rate of RAGE overexpressing tumors.
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Grandi F, Rocha RM, Miot HA, Cogliati B, Rocha NS. Immunoexpression of S100A4 in canine skin melanomas and correlation with histopathological parameters. Vet Q 2014; 34:98-104. [PMID: 25023931 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2014.936628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is one of the most common skin neoplasms in humans and dogs. The tumor microenvironment in melanoma comprises cancer cells and stromal cells that interact to accelerate tumor progression. Several prognostic markers for melanomas have been studied in many human tumors, including fibroblast-specific protein 1 (S100A4). S100A4 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins in stromal cells. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to describe the immunohistochemical patterns of S100A4 in stroma and neoplastic cells of canine skin melanomas and correlate them with some histological parameters. ANIMALS AND METHODS Forty-eight samples (38 pigmented and 10 non-pigmented melanomas) were first selected and their nature confirmed using S100, Melan A and vimentin. All cases were examined by immunohistochemistry using S100A4 to correlate expression, histotype, and level of invasion. RESULTS All the tumors, including 10 non-pigmented, were positive for S100, Melan A, vimentin and negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (consistent with melanomas). The 48 melanomas were classified as epithelioid (n = 21), spindle (n = 14), and mixed (n = 13). S100A4 was preferentially expressed in epithelioid and spindle cell types compared with mixed melanomas and S100A4 expression was not associated with level of invasion (Clark's levels IV to V). CONCLUSION S100A4 expression in melanoma samples varied among histotypes but not between levels of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Grandi
- a Department of Veterinary Clinics, Laboratory of Investigative and Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP , Botucatu , Brazil
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Abstract
Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a variant of melanoma, which typically affects chronically sun-damaged skin of elderly patients. Pure DM displays a low density of fusiform melanocytes in a collagen-rich matrix. In mixed DM, tumor cell density is higher, and parts of the tumor lack abundant stromal fibrosis. Both pure and mixed DMs usually express S100 protein homogenously. We report herein an unusual biphenotypic tumor characterized by the association of a pure DM with an undifferentiated solid spindle cell nodule. It occurred on the scalp of a 66-year-old man. A biopsy of the undifferentiated spindle cell nodule was initially interpreted at a commercial laboratory as atypical fibroxanthoma. The pure DM was seen only in the excisional specimen. All cells of the pure DM stained for S100 protein and SOX10. The adjacent solid sarcomatoid spindle cell nodule lacked expression of S100 protein, SOX10, as well as melan-A, gp100, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in >95% of its tumor cells. Although focal expression of melanocyte differentiation antigens in the solid tumor component made us favor a combined DM with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, we also considered the possibility of a collision scenario, that is, a pleomorphic dermal sarcoma incidentally colliding with a DM. To further assess a possible relationship of the sarcomatoid nodule with the DM, we performed next-generation sequencing analysis on each component separately. The analysis revealed shared chromosomal copy number changes and a high number of common mutations, thereby supporting the concept of a DM with a dedifferentiated sarcomatoid component. An interesting finding is the presence of mutations of the neurofibromin 1 (NF1) gene in both tumor components.
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Mohammed SA, Pressman MM, Schmidt B, Babu N. Case presentations and review of plexiform schwannoma in the foot. J Foot Ankle Surg 2014; 53:179-85. [PMID: 24556484 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Plexiform schwannoma is a soft tissue tumor that rarely presents in the lower extremity. We have reported on 2 cases of plexiform schwannomas that occurred in the foot and ankle. Owing to the relative obscurity of this condition in the lower extremity, we have also provided an overview of plexiform schwannomas and discussed the differences between this and other suspicious nodular soft tissue masses. The first patient was a 38-year-old female, who had a soft tissue mass located on the lateral aspect of her right foot that became symptomatic. The second patient was an 11-year-old male, who had a symptomatic soft tissue mass on the plantar aspect of his right foot. Both patients underwent surgical excision of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samirah A Mohammed
- Completed during Postgraduate Year III Residency, Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency Program, Yale New Haven Hospital-Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT
| | - Martin M Pressman
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT; Section Chief, Division of Podiatric Surgery, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; and Private Practice, Milford, CT.
| | - Brian Schmidt
- Postgraduate Year I Resident, Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency Program, Yale New Haven Hospital-Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT
| | - Nina Babu
- Clinical Instructor and Professor, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Residency Academic Coordinator, Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency Program, Yale New Haven Hospital-Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT; and Private Practice, Hamden, CT
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Shams F, Spigler E, Shams M, Birtchnell N, Georgaki E, Fernando P, Nwokie T, Orchard GE. Accuracy of the determination of S100 protein expression in malignant melanoma using a polyclonal antibody directed against S100 and monoclonal antibodies specific for S100 alpha and beta. J Histotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1179/2046023614y.0000000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ordóñez NG. Value of melanocytic-associated immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma: a review and update. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:191-205. [PMID: 23648379 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of S100 protein as an immunohistochemical marker that could be useful in the diagnosis of melanoma in the early 1980s, a large number of other melanocytic-associated markers that could potentially be used to assist in the differential diagnosis of these tumors have also been investigated. A great variation exists, however, among these markers, not only in their expression in some subtypes of melanoma, particularly desmoplastic melanoma, but also in their specificity because some of them can also be expressed in nonmelanocytic neoplasms, including various types of soft tissue tumors and carcinomas. This article reviews the information that is currently available on the practical value of some of the markers that have more often been recommended for assisting in the diagnosis of melanomas, including those that have only recently become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson G Ordóñez
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030.
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Li CC, Harrist TJ, Noonan VL, Woo SB. Intraoral Spitz nevus: case report and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 117:e320-4. [PMID: 24139994 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Spitz nevi account for approximately 1% of all melanocytic nevi of the skin in children. Although Spitz nevi often develop in the skin of the head and neck, intraoral Spitz nevi are rare. These nevi contain epithelioid and spindle cells and exhibit cytologic and architectural atypia when compared with routine melanocytic nevi, and may be mistaken for atypical Spitz tumor, Spitzoid melanoma, or conventional melanoma. Here, we report a Spitz nevus on the buccal mucosa of an 11-year-old boy. The tumor was composed of a proliferation of mostly epithelioid melanocytes with a smaller spindle cell component. The melanocytes were positive for S100, MART-1, and p16 proteins, with HMB-45-positive cells located only in the basal cell layer and superficial lamina propria. Less than 5% of the nuclei were positive for MIB-1, and there were no mitotic figures. We review the literature on 7 previously reported cases of Spitz nevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Li
- Graduate student, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Vikki L Noonan
- Associate Professor, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Associate Pathologist, StrataDx, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Sook-Bin Woo
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Co-director, Center for Oral Pathology, StrataDx, Lexington, MA, USA
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Blinov DV, Terent’ev AA. Characterization of biochemical markers of blood-brain-barrier permeability and the functioning of the central nervous system. NEUROCHEM J+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712413030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wafer LN, Tzul FO, Pandharipande PP, Makhatadze GI. Novel interactions of the TRTK12 peptide with S100 protein family members: specificity and thermodynamic characterization. Biochemistry 2013; 52:5844-56. [PMID: 23899389 DOI: 10.1021/bi400788s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The S100 protein family consists of small, dimeric proteins that exert their biological functions in response to changing calcium concentrations. S100B is the best-studied member and has been shown to interact with more than 20 binding partners in a calcium-dependent manner. The TRTK12 peptide, derived from the consensus binding sequence for S100B, has previously been found to interact with S100A1 and has been proposed to be a general binding partner of the S100 family. To test this hypothesis and gain a better understanding of the specificity of binding for the S100 proteins, 16 members of the human S100 family were screened against this peptide and its alanine variants. Novel interactions were found with only two family members, S100P and S100A2, indicating that TRTK12 selectively interacts with a small subset of the S100 proteins. Substantial promiscuity was observed in the binding site of S100B thereby accommodating variations in the peptide sequence, while S100A1, S100A2, and S100P exhibited larger differences in the binding constants for the TRTK12 alanine variants. This suggests that single-point substitutions can be used to selectively modulate the affinity of TRTK12 peptides for individual S100 proteins. This study has important implications for the rational drug design of inhibitors for the S100 proteins, which are involved in a variety of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas N Wafer
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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50
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Halawi A, Abbas O, Mahalingam M. S100 proteins and the skin: a review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:405-14. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Halawi
- Department of Dermatology; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon
| | - O. Abbas
- Department of Dermatology; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon
| | - M. Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section; Department of Dermatology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
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