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Al-Aroomi MA, Chen J, Jiang C. Oropharyngeal stenosis in patient with oral submucous fibrosis: a case report with 8-year follow-up. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:688. [PMID: 38872152 PMCID: PMC11177504 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive condition affecting the oral mucosa associated with areca nut consumption. It leads to restricted tongue movement, loss of papillae, blanching and stiffening of the mucosa, difficulty in opening the mouth, and challenges in eating due to inflammation and fibrosis. This report presents a rare case of oropharyngeal stenosis secondary to OSF in a 43-year-old male with a history of chewing betel nut. A surgical procedure similar to Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was performed to excise the submucous oropharyngeal stenosis and to reconstruct the uvula, palatoglossal arch, and palatopharyngeal arch. At 8 years postoperatively, the patient exhibited a normal mouth opening and oropharyngeal aperture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Ali Al-Aroomi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan province, 410008, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan province, 410008, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan province, 410008, China.
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Sharma M, Sarode SC, Sarode G, Radhakrishnan R. Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis - Reassessing the biology of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:320-328. [PMID: 38395254 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a pathological condition characterized by excessive tissue healing resulting from physical, chemical, or mechanical trauma. Notably, areca nut consumption significantly contributes to the development of oral fibrosis. The current definition of OSF, recognizing its potential for malignant transformation, necessitates a more comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiology and etiology. HIGHLIGHTS Areca nut induces fibrotic pathways by upregulating inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β and expressing additional cytokines. Moreover, it triggers the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, characterized by α-SMA and γSMA expression, resulting in accelerated collagen production. Arecoline, a component of areca nut, has been shown to elevate levels of reactive oxygen species, upregulate the expression of various cytokines, and activate specific signaling pathways (MEK, COX2, PI3K), all contributing to fibrosis. Therefore, we propose redefining OSF as "Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis" (AIOF) to align with current epistemology, emphasizing its distinctive association with areca nut consumption. The refined definition enhances our ability to develop targeted interventions, thus contributing to more effective prevention and treatment strategies for oral submucous fibrosis worldwide. CONCLUSION Arecoline plays a crucial role as a mediator in fibrosis development, contributing to extracellular matrix accumulation in OSF. The re-evaluation of OSF as AIOF offers a more accurate representation of the condition. This nuanced perspective is essential for distinguishing AIOF from other forms of oral fibrosis and advancing our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India.
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 18, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Gargi Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 18, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India; Academic Unit of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
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Agrawal P, Gupta C, Bhola N, Pawar SS, Sonpal PM, Gattani V. A Case of Advanced Oral Submucous Fibrosis Management: Beyond Conventional Approach. Cureus 2024; 16:e61916. [PMID: 38978932 PMCID: PMC11228000 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A chronic, persistent, possibly cancerous condition that mostly affects the oral cavity is called oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and causes severe functional impairment. Due to its complex nature, OSMF requires a comprehensive strategy that includes both surgical and medication therapies. Multidisciplinary treatment was started, which included a complete stoppage of habit, dental hygiene precautions, dietary counselling, surgical intervention, supportive medicinal therapy, and physiotherapy. Following surgery and adjunct therapy, the patient's mouth opening and functional results were improved. The patient is kept for regular follow-up to assess the recurrence of fibrosis or any incidence of malignant transformation. This case emphasizes the difficulties in treating advanced OSMF and emphasizes how crucial it is to improve patient outcomes by early detection, stopping betel nut chewing, and thorough multidisciplinary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Agrawal
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, IND
| | - Chetan Gupta
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, IND
| | - Nitin Bhola
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, IND
| | - Shreya S Pawar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, IND
| | - Parmarth M Sonpal
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, IND
| | - Vaishnavi Gattani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, IND
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Gharote H, Bhowate R, Dangore-Khasbage S. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemical analysis of mast cell related biochemicals in oral submucous fibrosis. F1000Res 2024; 12:1288. [PMID: 38826574 PMCID: PMC11140300 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.141179.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a potentially malignant disorder, is developed by progressive fibrous tissue deposition in connective tissue along with atrophy of oral mucosa. Histological sections also show the mast cell infiltration in submucosa which may indicate their possible role in this entity. Abundant availability of biochemicals in mast cells like histamine and serine proteases like chymase may be released and play specific pathways in the disease pathophysiology. Possibly, if the histamine release has some part to play, diamine oxidase may also be found to have a relationship as it metabolizes histamine. The present study is proposed to identify the presence of chymase, histamine, and diamine oxidase in both, serum as well as tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) respectively. This study may provide probable insight into the mast cell-related chemicals and their association with OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshkant Gharote
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, 442004, India
| | - Rahul Bhowate
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, 442004, India
| | - Suwarna Dangore-Khasbage
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, 442004, India
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Wei Q, Chen L, Luo W, Chen C, Shi Y, Xie J, Xie X, Luo HB. PDE12 disrupts mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and mediates mitochondrial dysfunction to induce oral mucosal epithelial barrier damage in oral submucous fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176353. [PMID: 38325798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic oral mucosal disease. The pathological changes of OSF include epithelial damage and subepithelial matrix fibrosis. This study aimed to reveal the epithelial injury mechanism of OSF. A histopathological method was used to analyze oral mucosal tissue from OSF patients and OSF rats. The expression of PDE12 in the oral epithelium was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tight junction proteins in arecoline-treated HOKs were explored by western blotting. Epithelial leakage was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance and lucifer yellow permeability. The expression of PDE12 and the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) were evaluated in arecoline-induced HOKs. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and ATP content were also explored in HOKs. The results showed significant overexpression of PDE12 in oral mucosal tissue from OSF patients and rats. PDE12 was also overexpressed and aggregated in mitochondria in arecoline-induced HOKs, resulting in dysfunction of OXPHOS and impaired mitochondrial function. An EMT, disruption of tight junctions with epithelial leakage, and extracellular matrix remodeling were also observed. PDE12 overexpression induced by PDE12 plasmid transfection enhanced the mtROS level and interfered with occludin protein localization in HOKs. Interestingly, knockdown of PDE12 clearly ameliorated arecoline-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and epithelial barrier dysfunction in HOKs. Therefore, we concluded that overexpression of PDE12 impaired mitochondrial OXPHOS and mitochondrial function and subsequently impaired epithelial barrier function, ultimately leading to OSF. We suggest that PDE12 may be a new potential target against OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan Province, China
| | - Cailian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jinmei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China.
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Somay E, Topkan E, Pehlivan UA, Yilmaz B, Besen AA, Mertsoylu H, Pehlivan B, Selek U. The Use of Pre-Chemoradiotherapy Total Masseter Muscle Volume as a Novel Predictor of Radiation-Induced Trismus in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients. Tomography 2024; 10:79-89. [PMID: 38250953 PMCID: PMC10819403 DOI: 10.3390/tomography10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine whether pretreatment total masseter muscle volume (TMMV) measures can predict radiation-induced trismus (RIT) in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C-CRT). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of LA-NPC patients who received C-CRT and had pretreatment maximum mouth openings (MMO) greater than 35 mm. MMO of 35 mm or less after C-CRT were considered RIT. We employed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to explore the correlation between pre-treatment TMMV readings and RIT status. RESULTS Out of the 112 eligible patients, 22.0% of them received a diagnosis of RIT after C-CRT. The optimal TMMV cutoff that was significantly linked to post-C-CRT RIT rates was determined to be 35.0 cc [area under the curve: 79.5%; sensitivity: 75.0%; and specificity: 78.6%; Youden index: 0.536] in the ROC curve analysis. The incidence of RIT was significantly higher in patients with TMMV ≤ 5.0 cc than in those with TMMV > 35.0 cc [51.2% vs. 8.7%; Odds ratio: 6.79; p < 0.001]. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that pre-C-CRT MMO ≤ 41.6 mm (p = 0.001), mean masticatory apparatus dose V56.5 ≥ 34% group (p = 0.002), and TMMV ≤ 35 cc were the independent predictors of significantly elevated rates of RIT. CONCLUSION The presence of a smaller pretreatment TMMV is a reliable and independent novel biological marker that can confidently predict higher RIT rates in LA-NPC patients who receive C-CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efsun Somay
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara 06490, Turkey;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia 9265, Cyprus
| | - Erkan Topkan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Adana 01120, Turkey
| | - Umur Anil Pehlivan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Adana 01120, Turkey;
| | - Busra Yilmaz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dental Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34353, Turkey;
| | - Ali Ayberk Besen
- Clinics of Medical Oncology, Adana Seyhan Medical Park Hospital, Adana 01120, Turkey;
| | - Huseyin Mertsoylu
- Clinics of Medical Oncology, Istinye University, Adana Medical Park Hospital, Adana 01120, Turkey;
| | - Berrin Pehlivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - Ugur Selek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
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Chandrakapure D, Sachdeva K, Agarwal K, Shukla A. Comparative Study of Injection Triamcinolone and Hyaluronidase Combination with Injection Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF). Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:3725-3732. [PMID: 37974729 PMCID: PMC10645765 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the results of injection triamcinolone and hyaluronidase combination with injection Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF). Present study was carried out in randomly divided two groups of 30 patients each of OSMF who all are presented with chief complain of reduced mouth opening. Group A patients were given 1 ml of injection triamcinolone and hyaluronidase combination. Group B patients received 1 ml of injection Platelet Rich Plasma. Both injections were given intralesionally once a week for 6 weeks. Results of ANOVA shows significant better results in improving mouth opening in group B patients receiving injection Platelet Rich Plasma as a treatment. In Group A, patients shows improvement in Maximum interincisal distance (MIID) of mean 6.51 ± 1.02 mm as compared to the patients in group B shows improvement in MIID of mean 9.53 ± 1.06 mm (p value < 0.05). Treatment of OSMF with injection Platelet Rich Plasma is a novel method and found to be more efficient than treatment with injection triamcinolone and hyaluronidase combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankar Chandrakapure
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, MP, Plot No 97, Ayyappa Nagar, Kohka, Bhilai, Durg, CG 490023 India
| | - Kavita Sachdeva
- Department of ENT, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Kajal Agarwal
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, MP, Plot No 97, Ayyappa Nagar, Kohka, Bhilai, Durg, CG 490023 India
| | - Amrita Shukla
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, MP, Plot No 97, Ayyappa Nagar, Kohka, Bhilai, Durg, CG 490023 India
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8
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Salati NA, Sharma M, Rao NN, Shetty SS, Radhakrishnan RA. Role of osteopontin in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:706-714. [PMID: 38304518 PMCID: PMC10829450 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_492_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory cells and cytokines in the chronically injured mucosa promote fibrosis in the oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) fibrotic milieu. Osteopontin (OPN) is a wound-healing mediator that upregulates the inflammatory response and is involved in the malignancy and fibrosis of multiple organ systems. Objectives We investigated the expression of OPN in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) to determine its role in the malignant transformation and fibrosis of oral tissues. The expression of OPN in OPMDs and OSCCs was compared and correlated, and the role of OPN as a fibrotic mediator in OSF was explained. Study Design A total of 30 cases of normal mucosa and OPMDs (mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia, OSF and OSCCs) were studied by purposive sampling. In these groups, OPN immunoreactivity was examined and correlated with clinical findings. Results In mild dysplasia, OPN expression was restricted to the basal cell layer with moderate staining intensity. In severe dysplasia, it was extremely intense and extended throughout the epithelium. In the OSF, OPN expression was moderate in the perinuclear areas of the basal cell layer. The expression of OPN was very strong in OSCC. A flow diagram explaining the profibrotic role of OPN in OSF has been provided. Conclusion A positive role of OPN in both pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OPMDs and OSCC has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir A. Salati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, SGT Dental College Hospital and Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Nirmala N. Rao
- Former Dean, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha S. Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu A. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Shafi S, Anjum R, Kaur M, Khajuria N. Langerhans cell expression in oral submucous fibrosis: An immunohistochemical analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:668-673. [PMID: 38304517 PMCID: PMC10829435 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_95_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Langerhans cells (LCs) are dendritic cells (DCs) of the epithelium which play a role in an array of oral lesions from gingivitis to oral cancer. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a potentially malignant disorder (PMD), is an insidious chronic disease with juxta-epithelial inflammatory changes leading to fibrosis. LCs may play a part in the ongoing inflammatory dysregulation of OSMF. Objective The study was aimed at elucidating the distribution of LCs in varying grades of OSMF. Materials and Methods A retrospective study using 18 cases of OSMF, graded using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained section. Immunohistochemistry was performed using polyclonal anti-CD1a antibodies to identify LCs in six cases of normal tissue and 18 samples of OSMF. The distribution of LCs among the various grades and normal mucosa analysed using Student's t-test. Results LC population in the OSMF was significantly higher when compared to the normal epithelium (p < 0.001). Within the grades, the advanced stage had more LCs than the other stages. Conclusion The increase in LCs might indicate the role of antigenic exposure in turn leading to cell-mediated immunity in OSMF. Thus, the fibrosis in OSMF might have a direct link to LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugufta Shafi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rubeena Anjum
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nidhi Khajuria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Bansal S, Pereira T, Desai RS, Jena A, Bobade PP, Patil M. Interplay of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 and 3 in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Its Malignant Transformation: An Immunohistochemical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42412. [PMID: 37637625 PMCID: PMC10448117 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic and potentially malignant oral condition that poses a significant public health issue due to its insidious nature. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a key player in the pathogenesis of OSF and is responsible for fibrosis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in OSF and its malignant transformation by using immunohistochemistry. Materials and method The present study comprised of 120 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples, which included 20 normal oral mucosa (NOM), 80 OSF (20 each of stage 1- 4), and 20 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (10 each of OSCC with and without OSF), and were stained for TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 by immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed using R software version 4.1.2, GraphPad Prism 9.3.1 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA). Results TGF-β1 immunoexpression was negative in NOM with no significant difference among OSF and OSCC (with or without OSF). TGF-β3 was significantly higher in OSCC (with or without OSF) than in OSF, and no significant difference was noted between OSF and NOM and between OSCC and NOM. A significant increase was seen in TGF-β3 compared to TGF-β1 in NOM, OSF (stage 1- 4), and OSCC with and without OSF. Conclusion TGF-β3 has higher immunoexpression levels than TGF-β1 in NOM, OSF, and OSCC. We speculate that quantitative or qualitative TGF- β3 may be inadequate to prevent or attenuate fibrosis in OSF patients. There is also a modicum of probability that TGF-β3 has a preventive rather than causative role in OSF pathogenesis. The role of TGF-β3 in OSF needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
| | - Treville Pereira
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dentistry, D. Y. Patil University, Mumbai, IND
| | - Rajiv S Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
| | - Abinashi Jena
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
| | - Poorvashree P Bobade
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
| | - Madhura Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
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11
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Somay E, Yilmaz B, Topkan E, Kucuk A, Pehlivan B, Selek U. The predictive usefulness of the novel "combined hemoglobin-to-platelet ratio and maximum mouth opening index" on prevalence of radiation induced trismus in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2023. [PMID: 37173823 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore how well a unique combination of hemoglobin-to-platelet ratio (HPR) and pretreatment maximum mouth opening (MMO) predicts the prevalence of radiation-induced trismus (RIT). PATIENTS AND METHODS HPR and MMO cutoff values (0.54 and 40.7 mm) divided patients into two groups. To develop the novel HPR-MMO index, four combinations of these factors were tested for predictive power: Group 1: HPR > 0.54 and MMO > 40.7 mm; Group 2: HPR ≤ 0.54 but MMO > 40.7 mm; Group 3: HPR > 0.54 but MMO ≤ 40.7 mm; Group 4: HPR ≤ 0.54 and MMO ≤ 40.7 mm. RESULTS Data of 198 patients with LA-NPC was analyzed retrospectively. RIT rates for Groups 1 to 4 were 10.2%, 15.2%, 25%, and 59.4%. Groups 2 and 3 were merged to generate HPR-MMO index because of statistically equivalent RIT rates: Low-risk: HPR > 0.54 and MMO > 40.7 mm; Intermediate-risk: HPR ≤ 0.54 but MMO > 40.7 mm or; HPR > 0.54 but MMO ≤ 40.7 mm; High-risk: HPR ≤ 0.54 and MMO ≤ 40.7 mm. It was revealed that the low-, high-, and intermediate-risk group's RIT rates; 10.2%, 59.4%, and 19.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION The novel HPR-MMO index may to classify LA-NPC patients into low, intermediate, and high-risk RIT groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efsun Somay
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Yilmaz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Topkan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kucuk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mersin City Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Berrin Pehlivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Selek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
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Balakittnen J, Weeramange CE, Wallace DF, Duijf PHG, Cristino AS, Kenny L, Vasani S, Punyadeera C. Noncoding RNAs in oral cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1754. [PMID: 35959932 PMCID: PMC10909450 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is the most prevalent subtype of cancer arising in the head and neck region. OC risk is mainly attributed to behavioral risk factors such as exposure to tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and a lesser extent to viral infections such as human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr viruses. In addition to these acquired risk factors, heritable genetic factors have shown to be associated with OC risk. Despite the high incidence, biomarkers for OC diagnosis are lacking and consequently, patients are often diagnosed in advanced stages. This delay in diagnosis is reflected by poor overall outcomes of OC patients, where 5-year overall survival is around 50%. Among the biomarkers proposed for cancer detection, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) can be considered as one of the most promising categories of biomarkers due to their role in virtually all cellular processes. Similar to other cancer types, changes in expressions of ncRNAs have been reported in OC and a number of ncRNAs have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential. Moreover, some ncRNAs are capable of regulating gene expression by various mechanisms. Therefore, elucidating the current literature on the four main types of ncRNAs namely, microRNA, lncRNA, snoRNA, piwi-RNA, and circular RNA in the context of OC pathogenesis is timely and would enable further improvements and innovations in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OC. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaikrishna Balakittnen
- The Centre for Biomedical Technologies, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia
- Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of JaffnaJaffnaSri Lanka
| | - Chameera Ekanayake Weeramange
- Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Daniel F. Wallace
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Pascal H. G. Duijf
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health at the Translational Research InstituteWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Queensland, TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, HerstonUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Liz Kenny
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Cancer Care ServicesHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sarju Vasani
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Cancer Care ServicesHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- Department of OtolaryngologyRoyal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health at the Translational Research InstituteWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Menzies Health InstituteGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
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Molecular pathways of oral submucous fibrosis and its progression to malignancy. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105644. [PMID: 36804642 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The review aims to comprehend various factors engaged in the alteration of molecular events resulting in Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and its malignant transformation. DESIGN Literature pertinent to pathways involved in OSMF were explored in databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. The relevant literature was reviewed and critically appraised in this narrative review. RESULTS Areca nut components influence myriad of cellular molecules such as cytokines, growth factors, myofibroblasts, non-coding RNAs and alter their expression. These aberrantly expressed molecules drive the progression of OSMF from localized inflammation to fibrosis of buccal mucosa. The oral tissue suffers from oxidative stress, hypoxia, autophagy, aberration of cell cycle and DNA damage. Apoptosis of epithelial layer results in its atrophy facilitating deeper penetration of areca nut elements. With the advance of disease, epithelial-mesenchymal transition eventuates and promotes dysplasia. The jeopardized expression of various cellular molecules, suppressed apoptosis, along with increased genetic alterations and neovascularization favors the malignant transformation. CONCLUSION OSMF is a progressive disorder with complex mechanism of pathogenesis initiated by inflammation of oral mucosa. Continuous habit of areca nut chewing and the resulting insult to the tissues prevents healing process and is destined to debilitating disease which affects the quality of life with a higher probability of progression to malignancy.
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Singh R, Rana AK, Johri N. Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Association of Clinical and Histological Severity with Hearing Loss and Middle Ear Function. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:4441-4449. [PMID: 36742817 PMCID: PMC9895237 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OSMF is a precancerous condition of the oral cavity. Cons umption of Areca nut in quid has been proved to be the most consistent factor. To assess middle ear function in OSMF patients by audiometry and tympanometry. Two Hundred patients of < 40 years of age with OSMF were examined and followed by PTA and impedance audiometry. Impaired mobility was seen in 20(10%) ears, and retraction of tympanic membrane was found in 36(18%) ears. Clinical staging was done in four stages. Majority of the patients were males (58%) in the age group of 21-30 years belonging to stage III (38%) and IV (26%) respectively. PTA showed varying degrees of hearing loss in 73 (36.5%) ears. In Grade I, mild hearing loss was seen in 10 (35.71%) ears and moderately severe hearing loss was in 5 (11.36%) ears whereas in Grade II mild hearing loss in 11(25%) ears. Grade III and IV showed mild hearing loss in 11(14.47%) and 12 (23.07%) respectively. Tympanometry revealed type A curve in 126 (63%) ears followed by C curve in 50 (25%) and B curve in 24 (12%) ears. In patients of OSMF, there is involvement of palatal/paratubal muscles in the fibrosis process, which causes eustachian tube malfunction leading to disturbed middle ear functions and negative middle ear pressure. Most patients of oral submucous fibrosis showed direct association with grade of hearing impairment and eustachian tube dysfunction. Higher clinical grades, both clinically and histologically showed similar findings thereby we concluded that if the disease is treated early, preventing patients from having higher grades of disease, involvement of ear can be avoided, and patients can be saved from hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Amit Kumar Rana
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, SRMS Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, India
| | - Nidhi Johri
- Department of Pathology, SRMS Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, India
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Meng Z, Yang T, Liu D. Type-2 epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral mucosal nonneoplastic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020768. [PMID: 36389753 PMCID: PMC9659919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa is a membranous structure comprising epithelial and connective tissue that covers the oral cavity. The oral mucosa is the first immune barrier to protect the body against pathogens for systemic protection. It is frequently exposed to mechanical abrasion, chemical erosion, and pathogenic invasion, resulting in oral mucosal lesions, particularly inflammatory diseases. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial biological process in the pathogenesis of oral mucosal disorders, which are classified into three types (types 1, 2, and 3) based on their physiological consequences. Among these, type-2 EMT is crucial in wound repair, organ fibrosis, and tissue regeneration. It causes infectious and dis-infectious immunological diseases, such as oral lichen planus (OLP), oral leukoplakia, oral submucosal fibrosis, and other precancerous lesions. However, the mechanism and cognition between type-2 EMT and oral mucosal inflammatory disorders remain unknown. This review first provides a comprehensive evaluation of type-2 EMT in chronically inflammatory oral mucosal disorders. The aim is to lay a foundation for future research and suggest potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosong Meng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Stomatology Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianle Yang
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dayong Liu
- Department of Endodontics & Laboratory for Dental Stem Cells and Endocrine Immunology, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Dayong Liu,
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Panda A, Mishra P, Mohanty A, Sundaragiri KS, Singh A, Jha K. Is Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition a New Roadway in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29636. [PMID: 36321045 PMCID: PMC9606484 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) collectively refers to a series of episodes that reshape polarized, intact epithelial cells into discrete motile cells that can conquer the extracellular matrix (ECM). It performs a pivotal role in embryonic development, wound healing, and tissue repair. Surprisingly, the exact mechanism can also lead to the onset of malignancy and organ fibrosis contributing to scar formation and loss of function. transforming growth factor signaling, WNT signaling, Notch signaling, Hedgehog signaling, and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, as well as non-transcriptional changes in response to extracellular cues, such as growth factors and cytokines, hypoxia, and contact with the surrounding ECM, are responsible for the initiation of EMT. Although the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is multifactorial, compelling evidence suggests that it results from collagen deregulation. EMT is one of the spotlight events in the pathogenesis of OSMF, with myofibroblasts and keratinocytes being the victim cells. EMT is an essential step in both physiological and pathological events. The importance of EMT in the malignant development of OSMF and the inflammatory reaction preceding fibrosis implies a new upcoming area of research. This review aims to focus on the EMT events that function as a double-edged sword between wound healing and fibrosis and further discuss the mechanisms along with the molecular pathways that direct changes in gene expression essential for the same in the oral cavity. As OSMF involves a risk of malignant transformation, understanding the cellular and molecular events will open more avenues for therapeutic breakthroughs targeting EMT.
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Luo Z, Zhu X, Hu Y, Yan S, Chen L. Association between dietary inflammatory index and oral cancer risk: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:920452. [PMID: 36226053 PMCID: PMC9548600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.920452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary inflammatory index (DII) has been suggested to be associated with oral cancer risk. However, a quantitative comprehensive assessment of the dose–response relationship has not been reported. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the risk of oral cancer with DII. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published up to 1 March 2022. Fixed- or random-effects models were utilized to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) of oral cancer with DII, as appropriate. Restricted cubic splines were used to model the dose–response relationship. Results We included five case–control studies involving 1,278 cases and 5,137 controls in the meta-analysis. Risk of oral cancer was increased by 135% with the highest versus lowest DII level [OR: 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.88–2.94], and 79% with higher versus lower DII level (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.49–2.15). We found no evidence of a nonlinear dose–response association of DII with oral cancer (pnon-linearity = 0.752), and the risk was increased by 17% (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.30) with 1 unit increment in DII score. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that a higher DII score was associated with increased risk of oral cancer. Therefore, reducing pro-inflammatory components and promoting anti-inflammatory components of diet may be effective in the prevention of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Luo
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xidi Zhu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingyun Hu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shipeng Yan
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shipeng Yan, ; Lizhang Chen,
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shipeng Yan, ; Lizhang Chen,
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Jishnu PV, Shenoy US, Sharma M, Chopra A, Radhakrishnan R. Comprehensive analysis of microRNAs and their target genes in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal
| | - U Sangeetha Shenoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology SGT Dental College Hospital & Research Institute Gurugram Haryana‐122505
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal
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Hande A, Chaudhary M, Gadbail A, Gawande M, Patil S, Zade P, Sharma P, Jaiswal S, Sonone A. Significance of HIF-1α and CD105 in establishing oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with oral submucous fibrosis a distinct clinicopathological entity. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:33-41. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_591_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Choudhari S, Masne S, Bhandare P, Dhumal S. Molecular profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with oral submucous fibrosis. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:55-65. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_508_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Mehta CH, Narayan R, Acharya S, Nayak UY. Design and development of surface modified epigallocatechin 3-gallate NanoCubogel for localized delivery to oral submucous fibrosis therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Gupta S, Gupta S, Chaudhary C, Singh P, Sharma R, Ghosh S. Novel Treatment Approach of Oral Submucous Fibrosis in a 6-year-old Girl: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:575-579. [PMID: 34824517 PMCID: PMC8585908 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral submucous fibrosis is characterized by stiffness of oral mucosa, blanching and functional limitation, and areca nut predisposition is considered to be one of the main etiological factors. In recent years, there is an increasing prevalence of OSMF in the Indian subcontinent owing to increased consumption of smokeless tobacco products. Very few cases of pediatric OSMF are reported in PubMed literature. Oral submucous fibrosis has a malignant transformation rate of 7–13% and hence, it is important to intervene at an appropriate stage and manage it well in time. Aim and objective To report a case of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in a 6-year-old Indian girl along with its management and follow-up. Case description A 6-year-old girl of Indian origin was diagnosed with OSMF and we have used sesame oil pulling as a novel treatment approach and observed good results with long-term follow-up. We have also reviewed PubMed literature for cases of pediatric OSMF reported till date. Conclusion A timely diagnosis and intervention becomes necessary in pediatric OSMF to improve oral function and prevent malignant transformation. Clinical significance It is important to report oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) cases in pediatric patients and create awareness through health education programs so that parents and children know about the ill effects of consuming tobacco products. How to cite this article Gupta S, Gupta S, Chaudhary C, et al. Novel Treatment Approach of Oral Submucous Fibrosis in a 6-year-old Girl: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):575–579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetna Chaudhary
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ridam Sharma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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He Y, Wang W, Jiang P, Yang L, Guo Q, Xiang J, Gao Y, Wang Y, Chen R. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Their Functional Mechanisms and Recent Research Progress. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5787-5800. [PMID: 34764671 PMCID: PMC8578048 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s337014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that most genomes are transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which can affect different cell characteristics. LncRNAs are long heterologous RNAs that regulate gene expression and various signaling pathways during homeostasis and development. Studies have shown that a lncRNA is an important regulatory molecule that can be targeted to change the physiology and function of cells. Expression or dysfunction of lncRNAs is closely related to various genetic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. The importance of ncRNAs in oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) has garnered much attention in recent years. However, most research has focused on miRs. The role of these molecules in OSF is incompletely understood. This review focuses on the emerging role and function of lncRNAs in OSF as novel regulators. Finally, the potential functional role of lncRNAs as biomarkers for OSF diagnosis is also described. LncRNAs are expected to become a new therapeutic target, but more research is needed to understand their biological functions more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong He
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Xiang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Gao
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Chen
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
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Motgi AA, Shete MV, Chavan MS, Diwaan NN, Sapkal R, Channe P. Assessment of correlation between clinical staging, functional staging, and histopathological grading of oral submucous fibrosis. J Carcinog 2021; 20:16. [PMID: 34729048 PMCID: PMC8531573 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition with a greater prevalence in countries such as India. Various classifications have been put forth by multiple authors to determine the clinical, functional, and histopathological grade of the disease. The classification systems have greatly helped to determine the treatment modality for the patients. Understanding the correlation between the various classifications will help us determine the course of the disease, management, and prognosis of OSMF. This study assesses the correlation between clinical, functional, and histopathological grading of OSMF. AIM: To assess the correlation between clinical staging, functional staging, and histopathological grading of OSMF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with clinical and histopathological diagnosis of OSMF were assigned into clinical stage, functional stage, and histopathological grade. The correlation between these three stages assigned was studied. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The degree of agreement between the clinical, functional, and histopathological classifications was quantified by the Weighted Kappa statistics. Correlation between the three classifications was done using Kendall's tau and Spearman's correlation coefficient. There was a good agreement and statistically significant correlation between clinical and functional grading. There was a poor agreement and no significant correlation between clinical and histopathological grading. There was a poor agreement and no significant correlation between functional and histopathological grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha A Motgi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, D Y Patil Dental School, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mrinal V Shete
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, D Y Patil Dental School, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh S Chavan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikkhiel N Diwaan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, M A Rangoonwala Dental College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Sapkal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, M A Rangoonwala Dental College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi Channe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Liu J, Li F, Liu B, Yao Z, Li L, Liu G, Peng L, Wang Y, Huang J. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes inhibit transforming growth factor-β1-induced collagen synthesis in oral mucosal fibroblasts. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1419. [PMID: 34707701 PMCID: PMC8543178 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant oral disorder that requires the further development of advanced treatment strategies. TGF-β1 has been reported to be the main trigger for the increased collagen production and reduced activity of matrix degradation pathways in OSF. Exosomes are key mediators of paracrine signaling that have been proposed for direct use as therapeutic agents for tissue repair and regeneration. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) exosomes (ADSC-Exos) on TGF-β1-treated oral fibroblasts in vitro and to unravel the potential underlying mechanism of action. Oral mucosal fibroblasts were obtained from the buccal tissues of patients without OSF during extraction of the third molar. ADSCs were obtained from three healthy female individuals during liposuction procedures. ADSC-Exos were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking and western blotting. Immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry staining were performed to measure the expression levels of vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin in the fibroblasts. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of mRNAs and proteins associated with collagen production. The p38 MAPK activator anisomycin was used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the effects of ADSC-Exos on TGF-β1-induced collagen synthesis in oral mucosal fibroblasts. The results of the present study revealed that ADSC-Exos exhibited a cup- or sphere-shaped morphology, with a mean diameter of 58.01±16.17 nm. ADSC-Exos were also found to be positive for CD63 and tumor susceptibility 101 expression. ADSC-Exos treatment reversed the TGF-β1-induced upregulation of collagen I and III protein expression. In addition, in the presence of TGF-β1, the expression levels of collagen type I α 1 chain and collagen type III α 1 chain mRNA were downregulated, whilst the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 and MMP3 were upregulated following ADSC-Exos treatment. The TGF-β1-induced upregulation in the phosphorylation of p38 in addition to the increased protein expression of collagens I and III were also reversed in fibroblasts following ADSC-Exos treatment. However, anisomycin treatment alleviated these ADSC-Exos-induced changes. In conclusion, findings from the present study suggest that ADSC-Exos may represent a promising strategy for OSF treatment by targeting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Fuxingzi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Binjie Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Yao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Long Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Gui Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Urban Palliative Home Care, Grey Nuns Community Hospital, Edmonton, AB T5J3E4, Canada
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410018, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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Muthanandam S, Muthu J. Understanding Cachexia in Head and Neck Cancer. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021; 8:527-538. [PMID: 34527782 PMCID: PMC8420913 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon-2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major comorbidities of cancer and cancer therapy is posing a global health problem in cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia is now considered a multifactorial syndrome that presents with drastic loss of body weight, anorexia, asthenia, and anemia. Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are at a greater risk for development and severity of cachexia syndrome as there is direct involvement of structures associated with nutritional intake. Yet, the scientific evidence, approach, and management of cachexia in HNCs are yet to be largely explored. The article aims to succinctly review the concepts of cancer cachexia with relevance to HNCs and summarizes the current findings from recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaramakrishnan Muthanandam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Puducherry, India
| | - Jananni Muthu
- Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Puducherry, India
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27
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Shetty SS, Sharma M, Kabekkodu SP, Kumar NA, Satyamoorthy K, Radhakrishnan R. Understanding the molecular mechanism associated with reversal of oral submucous fibrosis targeting hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived collagen cross-links. J Carcinog 2021; 20:9. [PMID: 34526855 PMCID: PMC8411980 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_24_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological state characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix components leading to impaired tissue function in the affected organ. It results in scarring of the affected tissue akin to an over-healing wound as a consequence of chronic inflammation and repair in response to injury. Persistent trauma of susceptible oral mucosa due to habitual chewing of betel quid resulting in zealous healing of the mucosal tissue is one plausible explanation for the onset of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). The irreversibility and resistance of collagen to degradation and its high potential to undergo malignant change are a major reason for morbidity in OSF. Hence, early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial to prevent the progression of OSF to malignancy. This review focuses on the mechanistic insight into the role of collagen cross-links in advancing fibrosis and possible therapeutic targets that bring about a reversal of fibrosis. These options may be beneficial if attempted as a specific therapeutic modality in OSF as is in organ fibrosis. The upregulation of lysyl oxidase and lysyl hydroxylase has been shown to exhibit the higher levels of the hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived cross-links in fibrosis and tumor stroma promoting the tumor cell survival, resistance, and invasion. The in silico analysis highlights the potential drugs that may target the genes regulating collagen crosslinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Sammith Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Nv Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
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Prasad SR, Pai A, Shyamala K, Yaji A. Expression of Salivary miRNA 21 in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF): An Observational Study. Microrna 2021; 9:295-302. [PMID: 31985389 PMCID: PMC8226152 DOI: 10.2174/2211536609666200127143749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To observe the expression patterns of salivary mRNA 21 in different stages and grades of OSMF and also in habitual areca nut chewers without OSMF. Subjects and Methods The study consisted of a total of 185 samples, where 61 patients had chewing habits (chewing gutkha and other forms of areca nut) and had OSMF (Group 1). 61 patients had chewing habits but did not have OSMF (Group 2), and 63 were normal healthy patients (control group) without any chewing habits (Group 3). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients following the standard operating procedures. miRNA 21 was isolated and purified from saliva samples using the miRNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen. The primers for miRNA relative quantification analysis were designed using the Primer Express software of Applied Biosystems. Quantification of all the samples was carried out using SYBR chemistry in an Applied Biosystems Real-Time PCR. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the demographic characteristics of patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the expressions of miRNA 21 amongst the three groups noted in Kruskal Wallis test. (<0.001*) A post hoc test was perfomed to confirm the statistical difference between patients within all three groups. There was no statistically significant difference noted between the OSMF group and patients with chewing habits group (G1 vs. G2 p: 0.10), but there was a significant difference when compared with normal patients. (G1 vs. G3 p: <0.001*) and (G2 vs. G3 <0.001*) Conclusion This study concludes that miRNA 21 is overexpressed in OSMF and chewing habit patients. But the expression levels were not significantly associated with the severity of the disease process. A long term and large scale studies are required to assess its application as a diagnostic profibrotic marker in OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shesha R Prasad
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bommanhalli, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560068, India
| | - Anuradha Pai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bommanhalli, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560068, India
| | - K Shyamala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Raja Rajeswari Dental College & Hospital, Kumbalgodu, Bangalore - 560074, India
| | - Anisha Yaji
- Oral Medicine and Radiologist, Dental Department, Sri Krishna Sevashrama Hospital, Jaynagar, Bangalore - 560041, India
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Tyagi V, Serna-Jiménez CE, Kalia YN. Controlled simultaneous iontophoresis of buflomedil hydrochloride and dexamethasone sodium phosphate to the mucosa for oral submucous fibrosis. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121009. [PMID: 34391856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel concentric experimental set-up was used to investigate short-duration topical co-iontophoresis of cationic buflomedil hydrochloride (BUF) and anionic dexamethasone phosphate (DEX-P) to the oral mucosa. A constant current of 3.0 mA (0.6 mA/cm2 for BUF and 1.95 mA/cm2 for DEX-P) was applied to porcine esophageal mucosa for 5, 10 and 20 min. Iontophoresis for only 5 min increased total delivery of BUF from 29.8 ± 5.1 nmol/cm2 to 194.3 ± 23.8 nmol/cm2 and DEX-P from 29.4 ± 1.2 nmol/cm2 to 193.3 ± 19.8 nmol/cm2 as compared to passive controls. Quantification of drug between the electrode compartments reported on lateral ion migration. In the absence of current, DEX-P did not migrate laterally; however, iontophoresis for 5 min increased DEX-P delivery >5-fold under the cathodal compartment (its application area) and >8-fold in the adjacent "inter-electrode" area. Similarly, delivery of BUF increased ~6.8-fold under the anodal compartment and ~12.8-fold under the cathode. The results showed that co-iontophoresis enabled the controlled simultaneous delivery of BUF and DEX-P achieving therapeutically relevant concentrations after current application for only 5 min. Short duration topical co-iontophoresis of single or multiple therapeutics to the mucosa increases local bioavailability and presents a patient-friendly treatment for diseases of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Tyagi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - César E Serna-Jiménez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Khan AM, Sheth MS, Purohit RR. Effect of areca nut chewing and maximal mouth opening in schoolgoing children in Ahmedabad. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021; 37:239-241. [PMID: 28144089 PMCID: PMC5234159 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.195734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Areca nut is chewed by itself and in various scented preparations. Areca nut chewing is widely practiced in many parts of Asia, including India. Users often consider it harmless and report a sense of well-being, but evidence has shown that it is far from harmless and can have multiple oral health implications such as oral submucosal fibrosis posing difficulty in opening mouth and carcinogenesis. Studies in India have reported increasing prevalence of this habit among schoolgoing children. The objectives of the study were to find the effect of areca nut chewing on mouth opening, compare it with the children not having this habit, and to find correlation between maximal mouth opening (MMO) and months of areca nut chewing. Aims: The aim of this study is to find the effect of areca nut chewing on MMO in schoolgoing children in Ahmedabad. Settings and Design: An observational analytical study was conducted across various schools of Ahmedabad. Subjects and Methods: A total of eighty male students of 12–14-year-old were included in the study. Group A included children having the habit of eating areca nut for 6 months or more, and Group B had children who did not have the habit of areca nut chewing. Children who had just started eating for <6 months were excluded from the study. MMO was calculated as distance from the edge of the upper incisor teeth to the edge of the lower incisor teeth using a calibrated fiber ruler. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software version 20.0, with level of significance set at 5%. Results: Mean and standard deviation of MMO for Group A was 3.69 ± 0.5 cm and for Group B was 4.46 ± 0.4 cm. Statistically significant difference was found using Mann–Whitney U-test with U = 239.500 and P = 0.0001. Pearson's coefficient r = −0.623 and P = 0.0001 showed moderate correlation between months of chewing and MMO. The mean duration of chewing was found to be 1.5 years. Conclusion: There is difference in MMO between children chewing areca nut and not chewing it with a moderate correlation between months of eating areca nut and MMO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megha S Sheth
- Physiotherapy Department of SBB College, VS General Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Romsha R Purohit
- Physiotherapy Department of SBB College, VS General Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Gupta S, Jawanda MK. Oral submucous fibrosis: An overview of a challenging entity. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 87:768-777. [PMID: 33969655 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_371_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is considered to be a mirror of the body's health, as it reflects the manifestations of various systemic disorders. Most of the oral mucosa is derived embryologically from an invagination of ectoderm and thus, like other similar orifices, it may become involved in the disorders that are primarily associated with the skin. Oral submucous fibrosis is one of the commonest precancerous conditions of the oral mucosa involving any part of the oral cavity resulting in tissue scarring, dysphagia and trismus. It is a collagen-related disorder characterized by excessive fibrosis in the oral submucosa, hyalinization and degenerative changes in the muscles. This disease has become a challenging entity for dermatologists due to resemblance of its features to various mucocutaneous conditions. An improper diagnosis can lead to wrong treatment and additional complications. Dermatologists need to be aware of the characteristic features of this disease which can distinguish it from other similar conditions. This review aims to focus on the detailed aspects of oral submucous fibrosis including its historical background, etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigations, management and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology & Forensic Odontology, Rayat Bahra Dental College and Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Manveen Kaur Jawanda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology & Forensic Odontology, Luxmibai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Wang J, You J, Gong D, Xu Y, Yang B, Jiang C. PDGF-BB induces conversion, proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of oral mucosal fibroblasts through PDGFR-β/PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:407-415. [PMID: 33492283 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogenesis of oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) by analyzing the impact of Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)-BB on oral mucosal fibroblasts (FB) and PDGFR-β/Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT) signaling pathway. METHODS The isolated and purified oral mucosal fibroblasts were divided into four groups: the control group (CON, 10% FBS DMEM), the PDGF-BB group (40 ng/ml PDGF-BB), the PDGF-BB+IMA group (40 ng/ml PDGF-BB and 60 μmol/L IMA), and the PDGF-BB+LY294002 group (40 ng/ml PDGF-BB and 48 μmol/L LY294002). Primary human FB cells were isolated and cultured for detecting the effects of PDGF-BB on α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by indirect immunofluorescence. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method and scratch test were used to detect the proliferation and migration of FB. Western blots were used to detect the synthesis of type I collagen (Col I) and the expression of PDGFR-β/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins. The effects of PDGFR-β inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor were observed. RESULTS Compared with group CON, group IMA, and group LY294002, α-SMA was upregulated in group PDGF-BB (p< 0.05), with higher OD490 nm value (p< 0.05), narrower average scratch width, and higher relative cell migration rate (p< 0.05). The expression levels of Col I, p-PDGFR-β, p-PI3K, and p-AKT were higher in group PDGF-BB (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PDGF-BB induces FB to transform into myofibroblasts (MFB) through the PDGFR-β/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and promotes the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jialing You
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ding Gong
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Research Achievements of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Progress and Prospect. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6631856. [PMID: 33791368 PMCID: PMC7997751 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a kind of chronic, insidious disease, and it is categorized into potentially malignant disorders (PMD), which poses a global and regional problem to public health. It is considered to be a multifactorial disease, such as due to areca nut chewing, trace element disorders, and genetic susceptibility. However, there is still no unanimous conclusion on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Hence, this article provides a comprehensive review and prospect of OSMF research, providing scholars and clinicians with a better perspective and new ideas for the research and treatment of OSMF.
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Nawn D, Pratiher S, Chattoraj S, Chakraborty D, Pal M, Paul RR, Dutta S, Chatterjee J. Multifractal Alterations in Oral Sub-Epithelial Connective Tissue During Progression of Pre-Cancer and Cancer. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:152-162. [PMID: 32750913 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.2997875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bright-field microscopy (BFM) encrypts the optical transillumination profile of the transmitted light attenuated by the complex micro-structural tissue convolutions, manifested by the dense and compact regions of the specimen under examination. The connotations of idiosyncratic tissue interaction dynamics with the onset of pre-cancerous activity are encoded in the BFM acquired oral mucosa histopathological images (OMHI). In the present study, our analysis is focused on the sub-epithelium region of the oral mucosa, which has high clinical significance but sparsely explored in the literature from the textural domain. Histopathology being the gold-standard technique till date, we have used the light microscopic histopathology images for tissue characterization. The tissue-index transmission patches (TITP) from the sub-epithelium region are cropped under the guidance of oral onco-pathologists. After that, the TITPs are characterized for its multi-scale spatial-deformation dynamics, while keeping the intrinsic anisotropic geometry, and local contour connectivity within tolerable limits. With recent studies exhibiting multifractal's potency in diverse biological system analysis, here, we exploit the 2D multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (2D-MFDFA) on TITPs for exploring a discriminative set of multifractal signatures for healthy, oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer tissue sample. The predictive model's competency is validated on an experimentally collected corpus of TITP samples and substantiated via confirmatory data statistics and analysis, showing its inter-class segregation efficacy. Moreover, the 2D-MFDFA analysis evinces the complex multifractal patterns in TITPs, which is due to the presence of composite long-range correlations in the oral mucosa tissue fabric.
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Babu A, Chatra L, Shenoy P. Analysis of downregulated salivary proteins in oral submucous fibrosis – A quantitative proteomic pilot study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_59_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Guo J, Xie H, Wu H, Liang M. Efficacy of Lycopene in the Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2020; 20:101471. [PMID: 33303091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of lycopene in improving maximum mouth opening and other clinical symptoms in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). METHODS We searched 5 databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and EBSCO. Randomized controlled trials were collected to evaluate the efficacy of lycopene in the treatment of OSF. Each database was searched from inception to April 30, 2019. The RevMan 5.3 software was used for this meta-analysis. RESULTS The included studies were 7 randomized controlled trials involving 758 patients with OSF. The results of this meta-analysis showed that lycopene was significantly more effective in improving maximum mouth opening in OSF patients than placebo treatment (mean difference [MD]: 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.19-4.10, P < .0001, I2 = 0%). Compared with control groups, lycopene could significantly increase the maximum mouth opening in patients with OSF after 1 month of treatment (MD, 2.40; 95% CI, 2.22-2.58; P = .91; I2 = 0%), 2 months of treatment (MD, 3.19; 95% CI, 2.87-3.51; P = .93; I2 = 0%), and 3 months of treatment (MD, 4.89; 95% CI, 4.51-5.28; P = .86; I2 = 0%). However, no significant difference was found in alleviation of burning sensation after 1 month (risk ratio [RR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.89-1.23; P = .73; I2 = 0%), 2 months (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.73-1.31; P = .69; I2 = 0%), and 3 months of treatment (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.47-1.52; P = .81; I2 = 0%); tongue protrusion (MD, -1.59; 95% CI, -4.15 to 0.97; P = .12; I2 = 58%); and pain associated with the lesion after 1 month (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.92-1.21; P = .77; I2 = 0%), 2 months (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.75-1.19; P = .35; I2 = 0%), and 3 months (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.68-1.33; P = .14; I2 = 51%) in patients with OSF between lycopene and control groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis showed that lycopene is more effective for improving symptoms of maximum mouth opening than placebo groups and control groups, but there were no significant differences in burning sensation, pain associated with lesion, and tongue protrusion in patients with OSF compared with control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Guo
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mining Liang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Kujan O, Mello FW, Warnakulasuriya S. Malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1936-1946. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Fernanda Weber Mello
- Department of Dentistry Health Sciences Center Federal University of Santa Catarina Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King’s College London, and the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer London UK
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Pandey A, Sharma NK, Dhiman NK, Jaiswara C, Tiwari P, Singh AK, Verma V, Singh S. Comparative evaluation of buccal pad of fat with and without bovine collagen membrane in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: A prospective clinical study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2020; 11:57-63. [PMID: 33041578 PMCID: PMC7518498 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_70_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, debilitating disease characterized by juxtaepithelial fibrosis. The present study evaluates the efficacy of buccal fat pad (BFP) and bovine collagen membrane as reconstruction options. Materials and Methods The sample size includes 22 patients between 20 and 60 years, randomly distributed in two groups: Group I in which BFP was used and Group II where BFP with bovine collagen membrane was used after surgical resection of fibrotic bands. The clinical evaluation on postoperative 1st, 3rd, and 5th days and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 12th, and 24th weeks subsequently. Results The mean age in Group I was 27.17 ± 3.157 years and Group II was 37.90 ± 6.657 years. The mean preoperative mouth opening was 9.75 ± 6.717 and 8.90 ± 3.784 mm in Groups I and II, respectively. The mean duration of presenting illness in Group I was 9.75 ± 2.598 years and in Group II was 8.80 ± 1.989 years. There was no significant difference observed between Groups I and II in relation to reduced mouth opening and duration of symptoms (P > 0.05) except for age. No significant difference was observed between both the groups in relation to preoperative pain, burning sensation, cheek stiffness, mucosal suppleness, postoperative infection, and postoperative pain at days 1 and 5 and 1st week. There was a significant difference observed in postoperative pain among both the groups on the 3rd day and 2nd week. Conclusion In the present study, both the groups have proved to give better results, as BFP in the form of interposition material showed rapid epithelization and minimum wound contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Pandey
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Dhiman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandresh Jaiswara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Tiwari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shankar Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hosmani J, Patil S, Mohammed Almubarak H, Babji D, Bommanavar S, Sarode SC, Sarode GS. Diminishing reactive adipogenesis leads to disease progression of oral submucous fibrosis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110219. [PMID: 33254526 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral fibroblasts, similar to dermal fibroblasts, have the potential to resist the local insults like trauma to the oral mucosa by differentiating into adipocytes and secreting antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (Camp) and this physiologic process in known as reactive adipogenesis. We hypothesize that in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), due to constant secretion and up-streaming of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- β), oral fibroblast lose their adipogenic differentiation potential and Camp production, which leads to progressive fibrosis in OSF. The implication of this hypothesis could open some promising vistas on still unexplored innate immune systems harboured by oral mucosa. Restoring and maintaining the adipogenic and protective potential of oral fibroblasts by inhibiting TGF- β receptors could hinder the disease progression of OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Hosmani
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Mohammed Almubarak
- College of Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepa Babji
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushma Bommanavar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad 415539, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India.
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India.
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Hypothesizing the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in oral submucous fibrosis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110204. [PMID: 33254511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis is the direct consequence of a sustained pro-inflammatory environment characterized by excessive collagen deposition causing tissue fibrosis, and progressive degeneration of vital structures including muscle. The pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis is largely mediated by the pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic cytokines, excessive oxidative stress, abnormal angiogenesis, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Mesenchymal stem cells largely known for their regenerative potential have shown to have an immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidative, and angiogenic potential. Thus, mesenchymal stem cells, when introduced in an oral submucous fibrosis micro-environment, could potentially counter the progressive fibrosis. The present hypotheses discuss the various pathogenic aspects of oral submucous fibrosis and the properties of mesenchymal stem cells which could aid in halting the disease progression.
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Shetty SS, Sharma M, Fonseca FP, Jayaram P, Tanwar AS, Kabekkodu SP, Kapaettu S, Radhakrishnan R. Signaling pathways promoting epithelial mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:97-108. [PMID: 32874377 PMCID: PMC7452314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process that occurs during the embryonic development, wound healing, organ fibrosis and the onset of malignancy. Emerging evidence suggests that the EMT is involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancers. The inflammatory reaction antecedent to fibrosis in the onset of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and the role of EMT in its malignant transformation indicates a hitherto unexplored involvement of EMT. This review focuses on the role of EMT markers which are regulators of the EMT mediated complex network of molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OSF and OSCC. Further the gene enrichment analysis and pathway analysis supports the association of the upregulated and downregulated genes in various EMT regulating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Sammith Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ankit Singh Tanwar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Satyamoorthy Kapaettu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Corresponding author.
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The circEPSTI1/mir-942-5p/LTBP2 axis regulates the progression of OSCC in the background of OSF via EMT and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:682. [PMID: 32826876 PMCID: PMC7443145 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the background of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) caused by areca nut chewing has a high incidence in Asia-Pacific countries. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we performed circRNA microarray analysis to screen the circRNA expression profiles in OSCC and OSF. We identified circEPSTI1 as a circRNA with consistent, sequential upregulation from normal buccal mucosa (NBM) to OSF to OSCC. Functionally, circEPSTI1 significantly promoted OSCC cell proliferation and invasion, as evidenced by the CCK8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays with circEPSTI1 overexpression and silencing. OSCC patients with circEPSTI1high status exhibited poor prognoses. CircEPSTI1 sponged miR-942-5p and accelerated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to increase LTBP2 expression in OSCC through phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway components. Blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway with the dual PI3k/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 reversed OSCC progression induced by overexpression of circEPSTI1 and LTBP2. Collectively, these results indicate that the circEPSTI1/miR-942-5p/LTBP2 axis affects OSCC cell proliferation and invasion via the acceleration of EMT and the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway components. CircEPSTI1 may be an independent diagnostic and prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for OSCC patients with OSF.
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Bhanu U, Natarajan S, Manaktala N, Boaz K, Joshi R, Deepak S, Kp N, Lewis A. Recognition of lysyl oxidase as a potential predictive biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 69:360-369. [PMID: 32744444 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.20.04356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper amine oxidase which belongs to the LOX multigene family and is normally involved in cross-linking of stromal collagen fibers. LOX expression has been found to be associated with increased episodes of recurrence, metastasis and overall poor prognosis in renal cell carcinomas and melanomas. This study aimed to assess the effects of LOX on the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is one of the most common cancers in India. METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of lysyl oxidase using LOX2 primary antibody was assessed at the tumor proper, invasive tumor front and peritumoral stroma in tissue sections from 40 cases of histologically proven OSCC. RESULTS LOX expression was elevated in OSCC patients who had lymph node metastasis and in those who died of disease. No significant variation was seen with histological grade. CONCLUSIONS LOX has a 'pro-neoplastic' effect as it modulates the host stroma to favor increasing tumor mass and worsening prognosis. Increased expression of LOX causes increased collagen fiber cross-linkage that stiffens the stromal matrix. This increases compressive stresses contributing to tissue hypoxia that elevates Rho GTPase-dependent cytoskeletal tension leading to erratic tumor cell morphogenesis that in turn confers motility to these cells resulting in metastasis. Inhibitors of LOX can potentially down-regulate LOX levels in the tumor micro-environment by controlling tissue hypoxia and curtailing the production of hypoxic LOX molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhay Bhanu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Nidhi Manaktala
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Karen Boaz
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India -
| | - Rasika Joshi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Sriranjani Deepak
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Nandita Kp
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Amitha Lewis
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
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Molina Ávila I, Pimentel Solá JM, Vides Almonacid G, Gilligan G. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma could be related to coca chewers in Northern Argentina. Oral Oncol 2020; 108:104927. [PMID: 32741728 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Molina Ávila
- Oral Medicine Service, Hospital Señor del Milagro, Sarmiento Avenue 557, PC: 4400 Salta, Argentina.
| | | | - Gerardo Vides Almonacid
- Private Service of Oncological Pathology and Cytodiagnosis, Zuviria 740, PC: 4400 Salta, Argentina.
| | - Gerardo Gilligan
- Oral Medicine Department, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre SN, Ciudad Universitaria, PC: 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Kumar LB, Mathew P, Madhavan N, Siddique S, Kshetrimayum N, Iyer K. Evaluation of mast cells and burning sensation in various stages of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:430-434. [PMID: 32793410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder and burning sensation is the initial complaint among these patients. Scientific literature has established that mast cells play a major role in various inflammatory disorders. However, OSMF being an inflammatory disorder, the role of mast cells is yet to be established. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate mast cells and burning sensation in various stages of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Methods The study population comprised of forty subjects, thirty were clinically confirmed cases of OSMF and ten healthy individuals served as control. A complete history and clinical examination followed by an incisional biopsy was performed. Samples obtained were subjected to routine histopathological examination and mast cells evaluation. Results Mean number of total mast cells in Stage I, II and III OSMF were 8.5 ± 0.7, 11.31 ± 8.8 and 24.7 ± 21.2 respectively. There was a significant difference in total mast cell count between cases and controls. Degranulated mast cells was a significant predictor (p = 0.028), indicating role in clinical staging of OSMF. Degranulated mast cells had a significant role and was a positive predictor (B = 0.763, OR 2.145[95%CI 1.055-4.630]) at moderate levels of burning sensation. A significant difference (p = 0.029) in burning sensation across histopathological grades was also observed in the study. Conclusion Degranulated mast cells were found to have a significant influence in mild to moderate levels of burning sensation among OSMF patients. Role of degranulated mast cells were also found to be significant in various clinical stages of OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laliytha Bijai Kumar
- Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002, India
| | - Philips Mathew
- Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002, India
| | - Nirmal Madhavan
- Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002, India
| | - Sabin Siddique
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, MES Dental College and Hospital, Malappuram, Perinthalamanna, Kerala, 679321, India
| | - Nandita Kshetrimayum
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Lamphelpat, Imphal West, Manipur, 795004, India
| | - Kiran Iyer
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, 2/102 SH49, Uthandi, Chennai, 600119, India
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Arakeri G, Patil S, Maddur N, Rao Us V, Subash A, Patil S, Gao S, Brennan PA. Long-term effectiveness of lycopene in the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF): A 3-years follow-up study. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:803-808. [PMID: 32652683 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term follow-ups after receiving lycopene therapy for management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) are scarce. The study aimed to assess the long-term efficacy of lycopene for management of OSMF symptoms. METHODS In this prospective clinical study, 400 clinically diagnosed early OSMF patients were assessed for the efficacy of lycopene in alleviation of burning sensation (BS) and reduced mouth opening (MO) symptoms in comparison to placebo. After 1-year follow-up, group A (lycopene group) was divided equally into group A1 and group A2. group A1 patients were retreated with lycopene and the A2 group was followed without retreatment. After 2-year follow-up, the Group A2 patients were advised retreatment but not followed as most of the patient did not agree for follow-up. However, group A1 patients were continued to follow-up every 6 months for a total three years. Statistical analysis was by independent sample t-test and P-value <.05 were considered as significant. RESULTS A statistically significant difference (P < .05) in BS and MO was found between group A and B with lycopene showing better results. At one-year follow-up, a statistically significant recurrence in the symptoms was found (P < .05) in the lycopene group (group A). After the second intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in the improvement of symptoms between the group A1 and A2 at 6 months and 1 year (P < .05) with group A1 (retreatment) showing better results. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with lycopene led to improvement in the symptoms of OSMF in the present study. The results highlight the importance of retreatment of lycopene for its long-term effect on alleviation the symptoms of OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj Arakeri
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery, Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraj Maddur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Vishal Rao Us
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anand Subash
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shekar Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shan Gao
- Suzhou Ribo Life Science Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Peter A Brennan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
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Sex Hormones and Inflammation Role in Oral Cancer Progression: A Molecular and Biological Point of View. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:9587971. [PMID: 32684934 PMCID: PMC7336237 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9587971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancers have been proven to arise from precursors lesions and to be related to risk behaviour such as alcohol consumption and smoke. However, the present paper focuses on the role of chronic inflammation, related to chronical oral infections and/or altered immune responses occurring during dysimmune and autoimmune diseases, in the oral cancerogenesis. Particularly, oral candidiasis and periodontal diseases introduce a vicious circle of nonhealing and perpetuation of the inflammatory processes, thus leading toward cancer occurrence via local and systemic inflammatory modulators and via genetic and epigenetic factors.
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Positive Feedback Loop of SNAIL-IL-6 Mediates Myofibroblastic Differentiation Activity in Precancerous Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061611. [PMID: 32570756 PMCID: PMC7352888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a premalignant disorder of the oral cavity, and areca nut chewing is known to be a major etiological factor that could induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activate buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). However, this detailed mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we showed that the upregulation of Snail in OSF samples and fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs) may result from constant irritation by arecoline, a major alkaloid of the areca nut. The elevation of Snail triggered myofibroblast transdifferentiation and was crucial to the persistent activation of fBMFs. Meanwhile, Snail increased the expression of numerous fibrosis factors (e.g., α-SMA and collagen I) as well as IL-6. Results from bioinformatics software and a luciferase-based reporter assay revealed that IL-6 was a direct target of Snail. Moreover, IL-6 in BMFs was found to further increase the expression of Snail and mediate Snail-induced myofibroblast activation. These findings suggested that there was a positive loop between Snail and IL-6 to regulate the areca nut-associated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, which implied that the blockage of Snail may serve as a favorable therapeutic strategy for OSF treatment.
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Discoidin Domain Receptor-1 (DDR1) is Involved in Angiolymphatic Invasion in Oral Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040841. [PMID: 32244515 PMCID: PMC7226486 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1) is a non-integrin collagen receptor recently implicated in the collective cell migration of other cancer types. Previously, we identified an elevated expression of DDR1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Through the data mining of a microarray dataset composed of matched tumor-normal tissues from forty OSCC patients, we distilled overexpressed genes statistically associated with angiolymphatic invasion, including DDR1, COL4A5, COL4A6 and PDPN. Dual immunohistochemical staining further confirmed the spatial locations of DDR1 and PDPN in OSCC tissues indicative of collective cancer cell invasion. An elevated DDR1 expression at both the transcription and protein level was observed by treating keratinocytes with collagen of fibrillar or basement membrane types. In addition, inhibition of DDR1 kinase activity in OSCC TW2.6 cells disrupted cell cohesiveness in a 2D culture, reduced spheroid invasion in a collagen gel matrix, and suppressed angiolymphatic invasion in xenograft tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that collagen deposition in the affected tissues followed by DDR1 overexpression could be central to OSCC tumor growth and angiolymphatic invasion. Thus, DDR1 inhibitors are potential therapeutic compounds in restraining oral cancer, which has not been previously explored.
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Nishat R, Kumar H. Collagen fibers in oral submucous fibrosis - A polarizing microscopy study using two special stains. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2020; 62:537-543. [PMID: 31611436 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_324_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a well-recognized oral potentially malignant disorder, results due to increased collagen production and reduced collagen degradation. Aims and Objectives To qualitatively compare the staining properties of collagen in OSMF using two special stains based on their birefringent property using polarizing microscopy. The study also assessed the distribution and orientation of collagen fibers in different grades of OSMF. Materials and Methods A total of 73 subjects with different clinical and histopathological staging of OSMF comprised the study population. Histopathological examination was done using hematoxylin and eosin stain, Van Gieson and picrosirius red. Collagen fibers were analyzed for polarization colors, distribution, and orientation. Results Picrosirius red stained both thick and thin collagen fibers. Irrespective of the histopathological grades reddish orange and yellowish orange were the most predominant colors. Parallel arrangement of fibers was observed when stained with Van Gieson but picrosirius red stained sections showed a majority of parallel type I fibers with perpendicular type III fibers which increased with advancement in the histopathological grade. Yellowish orange and greenish yellow fibers were predominant in the lamina propria, while reddish orange fibers were predominant in the submucosa. Conclusion Picrosirius red was found to be a better stain. Histopathological grading and polarization colors showed no association with each other. Collagen fibers were more thickly and tightly packed in the submucosa indicating that the process of fibrosis began there. The increase in perpendicular type III fibers with advancing histopathological grades suggested their role in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roquaiya Nishat
- Department of Dentistry, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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