1
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Ashour K, Sali S, Aldoukhi AH, Hall D, Mubaid S, Busque S, Lian XJ, Gagné JP, Khattak S, Di Marco S, Poirier GG, Gallouzi IE. pADP-ribosylation regulates the cytoplasmic localization, cleavage, and pro-apoptotic function of HuR. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302316. [PMID: 38538092 PMCID: PMC10972696 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
HuR (ElavL1) is one of the main post-transcriptional regulators that determines cell fate. Although the role of HuR in apoptosis is well established, the post-translational modifications that govern this function remain elusive. In this study, we show that PARP1/2-mediated poly(ADP)-ribosylation (PARylation) is instrumental in the pro-apoptotic function of HuR. During apoptosis, a substantial reduction in HuR PARylation is observed. This results in the cytoplasmic accumulation and the cleavage of HuR, both of which are essential events for apoptosis. These effects are mediated by a pADP-ribose-binding motif within the HuR-HNS region (HuR PAR-binding site). Under normal conditions, the association of the HuR PAR-binding site with pADP-ribose is responsible for the nuclear retention of HuR. Mutations within this motif prevent the binding of HuR to its import factor TRN2, leading to its cytoplasmic accumulation and cleavage. Collectively, our findings underscore the role of PARylation in controlling the pro-apoptotic function of HuR, offering insight into the mechanism by which PARP1/2 enzymes regulate cell fate and adaptation to various assaults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud Ashour
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Technology, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sujitha Sali
- https://ror.org/01q3tbs38 KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Aldoukhi
- https://ror.org/01q3tbs38 KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Derek Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Souad Mubaid
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sandrine Busque
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Xian Jin Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Shahryar Khattak
- https://ror.org/01q3tbs38 KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- https://ror.org/01q3tbs38 KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- https://ror.org/01q3tbs38 KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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2
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Zheng Y, Wang M, Yin J, Duan Y, Wu C, Xu Z, Bu Y, Wang J, Chen Q, Zhu G, Zhao K, Zhang L, Hua R, Xu Y, Hu X, Cheng X, Xia Y. Hepatitis B virus RNAs co-opt ELAVL1 for stabilization and CRM1-dependent nuclear export. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011999. [PMID: 38306394 PMCID: PMC10866535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 296 million people worldwide, posing a major global health threat. Export of HBV RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is indispensable for viral protein translation and genome replication, however the mechanisms regulating this critical process remain largely elusive. Here, we identify a key host factor embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila-like 1 (ELAVL1) that binds HBV RNAs and controls their nuclear export. Using an unbiased quantitative proteomics screen, we demonstrate direct binding of ELAVL1 to the HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). ELAVL1 knockdown inhibits HBV RNAs posttranscriptional regulation and suppresses viral replication. Further mechanistic studies reveal ELAVL1 recruits the nuclear export receptor CRM1 through ANP32A and ANP32B to transport HBV RNAs to the cytoplasm via specific AU-rich elements, which can be targeted by a compound CMLD-2. Moreover, ELAVL1 protects HBV RNAs from DIS3+RRP6+ RNA exosome mediated nuclear RNA degradation. Notably, we find HBV core protein is dispensable for HBV RNA-CRM1 interaction and nuclear export. Our results unveil ELAVL1 as a crucial host factor that regulates HBV RNAs stability and trafficking. By orchestrating viral RNA nuclear export, ELAVL1 is indispensable for the HBV life cycle. Our study highlights a virus-host interaction that may be exploited as a new therapeutic target against chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiatong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yurong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoguo Zhu
- Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People’s Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaitao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan, China
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3
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Kakuguchi W, Kitamura T, Takahashi T, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Fang CY, Ohiro Y, Higashino F. Human antigen R knockdown attenuates the invasive activity of oral cancer cells through inactivation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene expression. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:154-161. [PMID: 38303892 PMCID: PMC10829560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) recognizes AU-rich elements in the 3'-untranslated regions of mRNA. The expression of cytoplasmic HuR is related to the malignancy of many carcinomas. The aim of this study is investigation of effect of HuR knockdown for invasive activity of oral carcinoma. Materials and methods Proliferation, invasion, real-time PCR, and reporter gene assays were performed to confirm that the knockdown of HuR downregulates the invasive activity of cancer cells. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for high invasive carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and low invasive carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma (VC), to determine if the localization of cytoplasmic HuR is related to matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression. Results Invasive activity was significantly lower in HuR knockdown cancer cells than in control cells. A luciferase assay revealed that HuR knockdown inactivated the promoter activity of the MMP-1 gene. The mRNA levels of the transcription factors required for MMP-1 expression, including c-fos and c-jun, were decreased in HuR knockdown cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the level of cytoplasmic HuR and MMP-1 in invasive carcinoma to be higher than in low invasive cancer. HuR induced MMP-1 expression in the invasive front of most SCC cases. Conclusion HuR knockdown attenuated the invasive activity of cancer cells by decreasing the expression of the MMP-1, at least partially. HuR localization may help determine the invasive phenotype of cancer cells and inhibit cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, in oral SCC, HuR may be related to invasive activity through the expression of MMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kakuguchi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitamura
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido Oral Pathology Diagnostic Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Takahashi
- Support Section for Education and Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aya Yanagawa-Matsuda
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chih-Yuan Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yoichi Ohiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higashino
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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4
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Castelli LM, Lin YH, Sanchez-Martinez A, Gül A, Mohd Imran K, Higginbottom A, Upadhyay SK, Márkus NM, Rua Martins R, Cooper-Knock J, Montmasson C, Cohen R, Walton A, Bauer CS, De Vos KJ, Mead RJ, Azzouz M, Dominguez C, Ferraiuolo L, Shaw PJ, Whitworth AJ, Hautbergue GM. A cell-penetrant peptide blocking C9ORF72-repeat RNA nuclear export reduces the neurotoxic effects of dipeptide repeat proteins. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo3823. [PMID: 36857431 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9ORF72 are the most common genetic cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Studies have shown that the hexanucleotide expansions cause the noncanonical translation of C9ORF72 transcripts into neurotoxic dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) that contribute to neurodegeneration. We show that a cell-penetrant peptide blocked the nuclear export of C9ORF72-repeat transcripts in HEK293T cells by competing with the interaction between SR-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) and nuclear export factor 1 (NXF1). The cell-penetrant peptide also blocked the translation of toxic DPRs in neurons differentiated from induced neural progenitor cells (iNPCs), which were derived from individuals carrying C9ORF72-linked ALS mutations. This peptide also increased survival of iNPC-differentiated C9ORF72-ALS motor neurons cocultured with astrocytes. Oral administration of the cell-penetrant peptide reduced DPR translation and rescued locomotor deficits in a Drosophila model of mutant C9ORF72-mediated ALS/FTD. Intrathecal injection of this peptide into the brains of ALS/FTD mice carrying a C9ORF72 mutation resulted in reduced expression of DPRs in mouse brains. These findings demonstrate that disrupting the production of DPRs in cellular and animal models of ALS/FTD might be a strategy to ameliorate neurodegeneration in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M Castelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ya-Hui Lin
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Aytaç Gül
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Kamallia Mohd Imran
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nóra M Márkus
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Raquel Rua Martins
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Claire Montmasson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Cohen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Amy Walton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Claudia S Bauer
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Kurt J De Vos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Richard J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Cyril Dominguez
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Guillaume M Hautbergue
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
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Xu S, Liu D, Kuang Y, Li R, Wang J, Shi M, Zou Y, Qiu Q, Liang L, Xiao Y, Xu H. Long Noncoding RNA HAFML Promotes Migration and Invasion of Rheumatoid Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:135-147. [PMID: 36458981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aggressive phenotype exhibited by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) is critical for the progression of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of diverse disorders; however, few have been identified that might be able to control the joint damage in RA. In this study, we identified an lncRNA, ENST00000509194, which was expressed at abnormally high levels in FLSs and synovial tissues from patients with RA. ENST00000509194 positively modulates the migration and invasion of FLSs by interacting with human Ag R (HuR, also called ELAVL1), an RNA-binding protein that mainly stabilizes mRNAs. ENST00000509194 binds directly to HuR in the cytoplasm to form a complex that promotes the expression of the endocytic adaptor protein APPL2 by stabilizing APPL2 mRNA. Knockdown of HuR or APPL2 impaired the migration and invasion of RA FLSs. Given its close association with HuR and FLS migration, we named ENST00000509194 as HAFML (HuR-associated fibroblast migratory lncRNA). Our findings suggest that an increase in synovial HAFML might contribute to FLS-mediated rheumatoid synovial aggression and joint destruction, and that the lncRNA HAFML might be a potential therapeutic target for dysregulated fibroblasts in a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiru Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maohua Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China; and
| | - Yaoyao Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youjun Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Tingey M, Li Y, Yu W, Young A, Yang W. Spelling out the roles of individual nucleoporins in nuclear export of mRNA. Nucleus 2022; 13:170-193. [PMID: 35593254 PMCID: PMC9132428 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2076965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) represents a critical passage through the nuclear envelope for nuclear import and export that impacts nearly every cellular process at some level. Recent technological advances in the form of Auxin Inducible Degron (AID) strategies and Single-Point Edge-Excitation sub-Diffraction (SPEED) microscopy have enabled us to provide new insight into the distinct functions and roles of nuclear basket nucleoporins (Nups) upon nuclear docking and export for mRNAs. In this paper, we provide a review of our recent findings as well as an assessment of new techniques, updated models, and future perspectives in the studies of mRNA's nuclear export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tingey
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wenlan Yu
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Albert Young
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Chakraborty A, Cadix M, Relier S, Taricco N, Alaeitabar T, Devaux A, Labbé CM, Martineau S, Heneman-Masurel A, Gestraud P, Inga A, Servant N, Vagner S, Dutertre M. Compartment-specific and ELAVL1-coordinated regulation of intronic polyadenylation isoforms by doxorubicin. Genome Res 2022; 32:1271-1284. [PMID: 35858751 PMCID: PMC9341504 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276192.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intronic polyadenylation (IPA) isoforms, which contain alternative last exons, are widely regulated in various biological processes and by many factors. However, little is known about their cytoplasmic regulation and translational status. In this study, we provide the first evidence that the genome-wide patterns of IPA isoform regulation during a biological process can be very distinct between the transcriptome and translatome, and between the nucleus and cytosol. Indeed, by 3'-seq analyses on breast cancer cells, we show that the genotoxic anticancer drug, doxorubicin, preferentially down-regulates the IPA to the last-exon (IPA:LE) isoform ratio in whole cells (as previously reported) but preferentially up-regulates it in polysomes. We further show that in nuclei, doxorubicin almost exclusively down-regulates the IPA:LE ratio, whereas in the cytosol, it preferentially up-regulates the isoform ratio, as in polysomes. Then, focusing on IPA isoforms that are up-regulated by doxorubicin in the cytosol and highly translated (up-regulated and/or abundant in polysomes), we identify several IPA isoforms that promote cell survival to doxorubicin. Mechanistically, by using an original approach of condition- and compartment-specific CLIP-seq (CCS-iCLIP) to analyze ELAVL1-RNA interactions in the nucleus and cytosol in the presence and absence of doxorubicin, as well as 3'-seq analyses upon ELAVL1 depletion, we show that the RNA-binding protein ELAVL1 mediates both nuclear down-regulation and cytosolic up-regulation of the IPA:LE isoform ratio in distinct sets of genes in response to doxorubicin. Altogether, these findings reveal differential regulation of the IPA:LE isoform ratio across subcellular compartments during drug response and its coordination by an RNA-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Chakraborty
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Mandy Cadix
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
- INSERM U900, Mines Paris Tech, Institut Curie, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Relier
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Nicolò Taricco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Tina Alaeitabar
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
- INSERM U900, Mines Paris Tech, Institut Curie, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Devaux
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Céline M Labbé
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Sylvain Martineau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Amélie Heneman-Masurel
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Gestraud
- INSERM U900, Mines Paris Tech, Institut Curie, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Alberto Inga
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicolas Servant
- INSERM U900, Mines Paris Tech, Institut Curie, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Stéphan Vagner
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Martin Dutertre
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, 91400 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
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8
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Hu Antigen R (HuR) Protein Structure, Function and Regulation in Hepatobiliary Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112666. [PMID: 35681645 PMCID: PMC9179498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatobiliary tumors are a group of primary malignancies encompassing the liver, the intra- and extra-hepatic biliary tracts, and the gall bladder. Within the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary cancer, which is, also, representing the third-most recurrent cause of cancer-associated death and the sixth-most prevalent type of tumor worldwide, nowadays. Although less frequent, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is, currently, a fatal cancer with limited therapeutic options. Here, we review the regulatory role of Hu antigen R (HuR), a ubiquitous member of the ELAV/Hu family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of HCC and CCA. Overall, HuR is proposed as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker, as well as a therapeutic target in hepatobiliary cancers. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches that can selectively modulate HuR function appear to be highly attractive for the clinical management of these types of tumors. Abstract Hu antigen R (HuR) is a 36-kDa ubiquitous member of the ELAV/Hu family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which plays an important role as a post-transcriptional regulator of specific RNAs under physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. Herein, we review HuR protein structure, function, and its regulation, as well as its implications in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of hepatobiliary cancers. In particular, we focus on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), tumors where the increased cytoplasmic localization of HuR and activity are proposed, as valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers. An overview of the main regulatory axes involving HuR, which are associated with cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy in HCC, is provided. These include the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modulators of HuR function, in addition to HuR target transcripts. Finally, whereas studies addressing the relevance of targeting HuR in CCA are limited, in the past few years, HuR has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in HCC. In fact, the therapeutic efficacy of some pharmacological inhibitors of HuR has been evaluated, in early experimental models of HCC. We, further, discuss the major findings and future perspectives of therapeutic approaches that specifically block HuR interactions, either with post-translational modifiers or cognate transcripts in hepatobiliary cancers.
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9
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Wang K, Tong H, Gao Y, Xia L, Jin X, Li X, Zeng X, Boldogh I, Ke Y, Ba X. Cell-Penetrating Peptide TAT-HuR-HNS3 Suppresses Proinflammatory Gene Expression via Competitively Blocking Interaction of HuR with Its Partners. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2376-2389. [PMID: 35444028 PMCID: PMC9125198 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines are commonly regulated by RNA-binding proteins at posttranscriptional levels. Human Ag R (HuR)/embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like 1 (ELAVL1) is one of the well-characterized RNA-binding proteins that increases the stability of short-lived mRNAs, which encode proinflammatory mediators. HuR employs its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling sequence (HNS) domain, interacting with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which accounts for the enhanced poly-ADP-ribosylation and cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR. Also by using its HNS domain, HuR undergoes dimerization/oligomerization, underlying the increased binding of HuR with proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine mRNAs and the disassociation of the miRNA-induced silencing complex from the targets. Therefore, competitively blocking the interactions of HuR with its partners may suppress proinflammatory mediator production. In this study, peptides derived from the sequence of the HuR-HNS domain were synthesized, and their effects on interfering HuR interacting with PARP1 and HuR itself were analyzed. Moreover, cell-penetrating TAT-HuR-HNS3 was delivered into human and mouse cells or administered into mouse lungs with or without exposure of TNF-α or LPS. mRNA levels of proinflammatory mediators as well as neutrophil infiltration were evaluated. We showed that TAT-HuR-HNS3 interrupts HuR-PARP1 interaction and therefore results in a lowered poly-ADP-ribosylation level and decreased cytoplasmic distribution of HuR. TAT-HuR-HNS3 also blocks HuR dimerization and promotes Argonaute 2-based miRNA-induced silencing complex binding to the targets. Moreover, TAT-HuR-HNS3 lowers mRNA stability of proinflammatory mediators in TNF-α-treated epithelial cells and macrophages, and it decreases TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in lungs of experimental animals. Thus, TAT-HuR-HNS3 is a promising lead peptide for the development of inhibitors to treat inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; and
| | - Yitian Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; and
| | - Lan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
| | - Yueshuang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China;
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China;
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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10
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Engel KL, Lo HYG, Goering R, Li Y, Spitale RC, Taliaferro JM. Analysis of subcellular transcriptomes by RNA proximity labeling with Halo-seq. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:e24. [PMID: 34875090 PMCID: PMC8887463 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of RNA species display nonuniform distribution within cells. However, quantification of the spatial patterns adopted by individual RNAs remains difficult, in part by a lack of quantitative tools for subcellular transcriptome analysis. In this study, we describe an RNA proximity labeling method that facilitates the quantification of subcellular RNA populations with high spatial specificity. This method, termed Halo-seq, pairs a light-activatable, radical generating small molecule with highly efficient Click chemistry to efficiently label and purify spatially defined RNA samples. We compared Halo-seq with previously reported similar methods and found that Halo-seq displayed a higher efficiency of RNA labeling, indicating that it is well suited to the investigation of small, precisely localized RNA populations. We then used Halo-seq to quantify nuclear, nucleolar and cytoplasmic transcriptomes, characterize their dynamic nature following perturbation, and identify RNA sequence features associated with their composition. Specifically, we found that RNAs containing AU-rich elements are relatively enriched in the nucleus. This enrichment becomes stronger upon treatment with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B, both expanding the role of HuR in RNA export and generating a comprehensive set of transcripts whose export from the nucleus depends on HuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysta L Engel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hei-Yong G Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Raeann Goering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University
| | - Robert C Spitale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J Matthew Taliaferro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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11
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S-adenosylmethionine upregulates the angiotensin receptor-binding protein ATRAP via the methylation of HuR in NAFLD. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:306. [PMID: 33753727 PMCID: PMC7985363 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged globally and is associated with inflammatory signaling. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly delineated, although NAFLD has attracted considerable attention and been extensively investigated. Recent publications have determined that angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in stimulating NAFLD progression by causing lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance through its main receptor, Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Herein, we explored the effect of supplementary S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is the main biological methyl donor in mammalian cells, in regulating AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), which is the negative regulator of AT1R. We found that SAM was depleted in NAFLD and that SAM supplementation ameliorated steatosis. In addition, in both high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 rats and L02 cells treated with oleic acid (OA), ATRAP expression was downregulated at lower SAM concentrations. Mechanistically, we found that the subcellular localization of human antigen R (HuR) was determined by the SAM concentration due to protein methylation modification. Moreover, HuR was demonstrated to directly bind ATRAP mRNA and control its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Thus, SAM was suggested to upregulate ATRAP protein expression by maintaining the export of its mRNA from the nucleus. Taken together, our findings suggest that SAM can positively regulate ATRAP in NAFLD and may have various potential benefits for the treatment of NAFLD.
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12
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Duan P, Huang Y, Chen K, Cheng C, Wu Z, Wu Y. 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I inhibits EOMA cells proliferation by interfering in posttranscriptional processing of hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3214-3223. [PMID: 34400891 PMCID: PMC8364454 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.60774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH), which threatens the physical and mental health of patients, is the most common benign tumor in infants. Previously, we found that 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) was significantly more effective at inhibiting hemangioma proliferation in vitro and in vivo than the first-line treatment propranolol. To investigate the underlying mechanism of DHTS, we used EOMA cells as a model to study the effect of DHTS. We compared the transcriptomes of control and DHTS-treated EOMA cells. In total, 2462 differentially expressed genes were detected between the groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed downregulated activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling pathway in EOMA cells following treatment with DHTS. Thus, we investigated HIF-1α expression at protein and mRNA levels. Our results revealed that DHTS downregulated HIF-1α expression by interfering in its posttranscriptional processing, and the RNA-binding protein HuR participated in this mechanism. Our findings provide a basis for clinical transformation of DHTS and insight into pathogenic mechanisms involved in IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
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13
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Heat stress induced arginylation of HuR promotes alternative polyadenylation of Hsp70.3 by regulating HuR stability and RNA binding. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:730-747. [PMID: 32929216 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginylation was previously found to promote stabilization of heat shock protein 70.3 (Hsp70.3) mRNA and cell survival in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) on exposure to heat stress (HS). In search of a factor responsible for these phenomena, the current study identified human antigen R (HuR) as a direct target of arginylation. HS induced arginylation of HuR affected its stability and RNA binding activity. Arginylated HuR failed to bind Hsp70.3 3' UTR, allowing the recruitment of cleavage stimulating factor 64 (CstF64) in the proximal poly-A-site (PAS), generating transcripts with short 3'UTR. However, HuR from Ate1 knock out (KO) MEFs bound to proximal PAS region with higher affinity, thus excluded CstF64 recruitment. This inhibited the alternative polyadenylation (APA) of Hsp70.3 mRNA and generated the unstable transcripts with long 3'UTR. The inhibition of RNA binding activity of HuR was traced to arginylation-coupled phosphorylation of HuR, by check point kinase 2 (Chk2). Arginylation of HuR occurred at the residue D15 and the arginylation was needed for the phosphorylation. Accumulation of HuR also decreased cell viability upon HS. In conclusion, arginylation dependent modifications of HuR maintained its cellular homeostasis, and promoted APA of Hsp70.3 pre-mRNA, during early HS response.
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14
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Gales JP, Kubina J, Geldreich A, Dimitrova M. Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs. Viruses 2020; 12:E1014. [PMID: 32932882 PMCID: PMC7551171 DOI: 10.3390/v12091014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear export of cellular mRNAs is a complex process that requires the orchestrated participation of many proteins that are recruited during the early steps of mRNA synthesis and processing. This strategy allows the cell to guarantee the conformity of the messengers accessing the cytoplasm and the translation machinery. Most transcripts are exported by the exportin dimer Nuclear RNA export factor 1 (NXF1)-NTF2-related export protein 1 (NXT1) and the transcription-export complex 1 (TREX1). Some mRNAs that do not possess all the common messenger characteristics use either variants of the NXF1-NXT1 pathway or CRM1, a different exportin. Viruses whose mRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus (retroviruses, the vast majority of DNA viruses, and influenza viruses) exploit both these cellular export pathways. Viral mRNAs hijack the cellular export machinery via complex secondary structures recognized by cellular export factors and/or viral adapter proteins. This way, the viral transcripts succeed in escaping the host surveillance system and are efficiently exported for translation, allowing the infectious cycle to proceed. This review gives an overview of the cellular mRNA nuclear export mechanisms and presents detailed insights into the most important strategies that viruses use to export the different forms of their RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jón Pol Gales
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, The French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (J.P.G.); (J.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Julie Kubina
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, The French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (J.P.G.); (J.K.); (A.G.)
- SVQV UMR-A 1131, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Angèle Geldreich
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, The French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (J.P.G.); (J.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, The French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (J.P.G.); (J.K.); (A.G.)
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15
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Enhanced oncolytic activity of E4orf6-deficient adenovirus by facilitating nuclear export of HuR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:494-499. [PMID: 32703457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An AU-rich element (ARE) is RNA element that enhances the rapid decay of mRNA. The RNA binding protein HuR stabilizes ARE-mRNA by exporting it to the cytoplasm. In most of cancer cells, HuR is exported to the cytoplasm and ARE-mRNA is stabilized. In addition, the viral gene product E4orf6 exports HuR to stabilize ARE-mRNA in adenovirus-infected cells and the stabilization is required for full virus replication. Previously we showed the oncolytic activity of E4orf6-deleted adenovirus dl355, which can replicate in cancer cells where ARE-mRNA is stabilized. In this study, we examined whether the further enhancement of HuR export can stimulate the replication and the oncolytic activity of dl355. We found that ethanol treatment promoted the cytoplasmic relocalization of HuR in cancer cells. In addition, the replication efficiency of dl355 increased in ethanol-treated cells, and in response, the cytolytic activity of the virus also increased in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of a cleaved-PARP level in infected cells mediated by ethanol is suggesting that ethanol activated the apoptosis induced by dl355. IVa2 mRNA, the only ARE-mRNA among transcripts of adenovirus was augmented by ethanol treatment. These data indicate that the enhancement of ARE-mRNA stabilization as a result of ethanol treatment upregulates the oncolytic activity of dl355 and suggests that the combined use of an oncolytic adenovirus and ethanol treatment may be a good strategy for cancer therapy.
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16
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Cisplatin Relocalizes RNA Binding Protein HuR and Enhances the Oncolytic Activity of E4orf6 Deleted Adenovirus. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040809. [PMID: 32230919 PMCID: PMC7226092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of adenoviruses and chemotherapy agents is a novel approach for human cancer therapeutics. A meticulous analysis between adenovirus and chemotherapeutic agents can help to design an effective anticancer therapy. Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA binding protein that binds to the AU-rich element (ARE) of specific mRNA and is involved in the export and stabilization of ARE-mRNA. Our recent report unveiled that the E4orf6 gene deleted oncolytic adenovirus (dl355) replicated for certain types of cancers where ARE-mRNA is stabilized. This study aimed to investigate whether a combined treatment of dl355 and Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) can have a synergistic cell-killing effect on cancer cells. We confirmed the effect of CDDP in nucleocytoplasmic HuR shuttling. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed the enhancement of cancer cell death by apoptosis induction and a significant reduction in tumor growth following combination treatment. These results suggested that combination therapy exerted a synergistic antitumor activity by upregulation of CDDP induced cytoplasmic HuR, which led to ARE mRNA stabilization and increased virus proliferation. Besides, the enhanced cell-killing effect was due to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Therefore, the combined treatment of CDDP and dl355 could represent a rational approach for cancer therapy.
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17
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Ke Y, Zhang J, Lv X, Zeng X, Ba X. Novel insights into PARPs in gene expression: regulation of RNA metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3283-3299. [PMID: 31055645 PMCID: PMC6697709 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is an important post-translational modification in which an ADP-ribose group is transferred to the target protein by poly(ADP-riboses) polymerases (PARPs). Since the discovery of poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) 50 years ago, its roles in cellular processes have been extensively explored. Although research initially focused on the functions of PAR and PARPs in DNA damage detection and repair, our understanding of the roles of PARPs in various nuclear and cytoplasmic processes, particularly in gene expression, has increased significantly. In this review, we discuss the current advances in understanding the roles of PARylation with a particular emphasis in gene expression through RNA biogenesis and processing. In addition to updating PARP's significance in transcriptional regulation, we specifically focus on how PARPs and PARylation affect gene expression, especially inflammation-related genes, at the post-transcriptional levels by modulating RNA processing and degrading. Increasing evidence suggests that PARP inhibition is a promising treatment for inflammation-related diseases besides conventional chemotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshuang Ke
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Xueping Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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18
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Palanisamy K, Tsai TH, Yu TM, Sun KT, Yu SH, Lin FY, Wang IK, Li CY. RNA-binding protein, human antigen R regulates hypoxia-induced autophagy by targeting ATG7/ATG16L1 expressions and autophagosome formation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:7448-7458. [PMID: 30317574 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a prosurvival mechanism offers a protective role during acute kidney injury. We show novel findings on the functional role of RNA binding protein, HuR during hypoxia-induced autophagy in renal proximal tubular cells-2 (HK-2). HK-2 cells showed upregulated expressions of HuR and autophagy-related proteins such as autophagy related 7 (ATG7), autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1), and LC3II under hypoxia. Increased autophagosome formation was visualized as LC3 puncta in hypoxic cells. Further, short hairpin-RNA-mediated loss of HuR function in HK-2 cells significantly decreased ATG7 and ATG16L1 protein expressions. Bioinformatics prediction revealed HuR motif binding on the coding region of ATG7 and AU-rich element at 3'UTR ATG16L1 messnger RNA (mRNA). The RNA immunoprecipitation study showed that HuR was predominantly associated with ATG7 and ATG16L1 mRNAs under hypoxia. In addition, HuR enhanced autophagosome formation by regulating LC3II expressions. These results show that HuR regulates ATG7 and ATG16L1 expressions and thereby mediate autophagy in HK-2 cells. Importantly, HuR knockdown cells underwent apoptosis during hypoxia as observed through the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Collectively, these findings show the crucial role of HuR under hypoxia by regulating autophagy and suppressing apoptosis in renal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvi Palanisamy
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Min Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ting Sun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hua Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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The acidic protein rich in leucines Anp32b is an immunomodulator of inflammation in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4853. [PMID: 30890743 PMCID: PMC6424966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ANP32B belongs to a family of evolutionary conserved acidic nuclear phosphoproteins (ANP32A-H). Family members have been described as multifunctional regulatory proteins and proto-oncogenic factors affecting embryonic development, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression at various levels. Involvement of ANP32B in multiple processes of cellular life is reflected by the previous finding that systemic gene knockout (KO) of Anp32b leads to embryonic lethality in mice. Here, we demonstrate that a conditional KO of Anp32b is well tolerated in adult animals. However, after immune activation splenocytes isolated from Anp32b KO mice showed a strong commitment towards Th17 immune responses. Therefore, we further analyzed the respective animals in vivo using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Interestingly, an exacerbated clinical score was observed in the Anp32b KO mice. This was accompanied by the finding that animal-derived T lymphocytes were in a more activated state, and RNA sequencing analyses revealed hyperactivation of several T lymphocyte-associated immune modulatory pathways, attended by significant upregulation of Tfh cell numbers that altogether might explain the observed strong autoreactive processes. Therefore, Anp32b appears to fulfill a role in regulating adequate adaptive immune responses and, hence, may be involved in dysregulation of pathways leading to autoimmune disorders and/or immune deficiencies.
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20
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Mizuno Y, Ohtsu M, Shibata Y, Tanaka A, Camagna M, Ojika M, Mori H, Sato I, Chiba S, Kawakita K, Takemoto D. Nicotiana benthamiana RanBP1-1 Is Involved in the Induction of Disease Resistance via Regulation of Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Transport of Small GTPase Ran. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:222. [PMID: 30906303 PMCID: PMC6418045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells enhance the tolerances to abiotic and biotic stresses via recognition of the stress, activation and nuclear import of signaling factors, up-regulation of defense genes, nuclear export of mRNA and translation of defense proteins. Nuclear pore-mediated transports should play critical roles in these processes, however, the regulatory mechanisms of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport during stress responses are largely unknown. In this study, a regulator of nuclear export of RNA and proteins, NbRanBP1-1 (Ran-binding protein1-1), was identified as an essential gene for the resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana to potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants showed delayed accumulation of capsidiol, a sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin, in response to elicitor treatment, and reduced resistance to P. infestans. Abnormal accumulation of mRNA was observed in NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants, indicating that NbRanBP1-1 is involved in the nuclear export of mRNA. In NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants, elicitor-induced expression of defense genes, NbEAS and NbWIPK, was not affected in the early stage of defense induction, but the accumulation of NbWIPK protein was reduced. Nuclear export of the small G-protein NbRan1a was activated during the induction of plant defense, whereas this process was compromised in NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants. Silencing of genes encoding the nuclear pore proteins, Nup75 and Nup160, also caused abnormal nuclear accumulation of mRNA, defects in the nuclear export of NbRan1a, and reduced production of capsidiol, resulting in decreased resistance to P. infestans. These results suggest that nuclear export of NbRan is a key event for defense induction in N. benthamiana, and both RanBP1-1 and nucleoporins play important roles in the process.
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21
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Herman AB, Vrakas CN, Ray M, Kelemen SE, Sweredoski MJ, Moradian A, Haines DS, Autieri MV. FXR1 Is an IL-19-Responsive RNA-Binding Protein that Destabilizes Pro-inflammatory Transcripts in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1176-1189. [PMID: 30067974 PMCID: PMC11004729 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work identifies the fragile-X-related protein (FXR1) as a reciprocal regulator of HuR target transcripts in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). FXR1 was identified as an HuR-interacting protein by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The HuR-FXR1 interaction is abrogated in RNase-treated extracts, indicating that their association is tethered by mRNAs. FXR1 expression is induced in diseased but not normal arteries. siRNA knockdown of FXR1 increases the abundance and stability of inflammatory mRNAs, while overexpression of FXR1 reduces their abundance and stability. Conditioned media from FXR1 siRNA-treated VSMCs enhance activation of naive VSMCs. RNA EMSA and RIP demonstrate that FXR1 interacts with an ARE and an element in the 3' UTR of TNFα. FXR1 expression is increased in VSMCs challenged with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-19, and FXR1 is required for IL-19 reduction of HuR. This suggests that FXR1 is an anti-inflammation responsive, HuR counter-regulatory protein that reduces abundance of pro-inflammatory transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Herman
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Christine N Vrakas
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael J Sweredoski
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Annie Moradian
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dale S Haines
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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22
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Chai GS, Feng Q, Ma RH, Qian XH, Luo DJ, Wang ZH, Hu Y, Sun DS, Zhang JF, Li X, Li XG, Ke D, Wang JZ, Yang XF, Liu GP. Inhibition of Histone Acetylation by ANP32A Induces Memory Deficits. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:1537-1546. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Shang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Hong Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hang Qian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ju Luo
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, China
| | - Xi-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, China
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23
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Habiba U, Kuroshima T, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Kitamura T, Chowdhury A, Jehung JP, Hossain E, Sano H, Kitagawa Y, Shindoh M, Higashino F. HuR translocation to the cytoplasm of cancer cells in actin-independent manner. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:218-225. [PMID: 29807023 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a RNA-binding protein, which binds to the AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of certain mRNA and is involved in the export and stabilization of ARE-mRNA. HuR constitutively relocates to the cytoplasm in many cancer cells, however the mechanism of intracellular HuR trafficking is poorly understood. To address this question, we examined the functional role of the cytoskeleton in HuR relocalization. We tested the effect of actin depolymerizing macrolide latrunculin A or myosin II ATPase activity inhibitor blebbistatin for HuR relocalization induced by the vasoactive hormone Angiotensin II in cancer and control normal cells. Western blot and confocal imaging data revealed that both inhibitors attenuated the cytoplasmic HuR in normal cells but no such alteration was observed in cancer cells. Concomitant with changes in intracellular HuR localization, both inhibitors markedly decreased the accumulation and half-lives of HuR target ARE-mRNAs in normal cells, whereas no change was observed in cancer cells. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments with HuR proteins revealed clear physical interaction with ß-actin only in normal cells. The current study is the first to verify that cancer cells can implicate a microfilament independent HuR transport. We hypothesized that when cytoskeleton structure is impaired, cancer cells can acquire an alternative HuR trafficking strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umma Habiba
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroshima
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aya Yanagawa-Matsuda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitamura
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Afma Chowdhury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jumond P Jehung
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Elora Hossain
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 060-8586,North 13, West 7, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Sano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shindoh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higashino
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Oncology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 060-8586,North 13, West 7, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan.
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24
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Schneider-Poetsch T, Yoshida M. Along the Central Dogma-Controlling Gene Expression with Small Molecules. Annu Rev Biochem 2018; 87:391-420. [PMID: 29727582 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-033923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The central dogma of molecular biology, that DNA is transcribed into RNA and RNA translated into protein, was coined in the early days of modern biology. Back in the 1950s and 1960s, bacterial genetics first opened the way toward understanding life as the genetically encoded interaction of macromolecules. As molecular biology progressed and our knowledge of gene control deepened, it became increasingly clear that expression relied on many more levels of regulation. In the process of dissecting mechanisms of gene expression, specific small-molecule inhibitors played an important role and became valuable tools of investigation. Small molecules offer significant advantages over genetic tools, as they allow inhibiting a process at any desired time point, whereas mutating or altering the gene of an important regulator would likely result in a dead organism. With the advent of modern sequencing technology, it has become possible to monitor global cellular effects of small-molecule treatment and thereby overcome the limitations of classical biochemistry, which usually looks at a biological system in isolation. This review focuses on several molecules, especially natural products, that have played an important role in dissecting gene expression and have opened up new fields of investigation as well as clinical venues for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Schneider-Poetsch
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; .,Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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25
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Brody JR, Dixon DA. Complex HuR function in pancreatic cancer cells. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 9:e1469. [PMID: 29452455 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with dismal patient outcomes. The underlying core genetic drivers of disease have been identified in human tumor specimens and described in genetically engineered mouse models. These genetic drivers of PDAC include KRAS signaling, TP53 mutations, and genetic loss of the SMAD4 tumor suppressor protein. Beyond the known mutational landscape of PDAC genomes, alternative disrupted targets that extend beyond conventional genetic mutations have been elusive and understudied in the context of PDAC cell therapeutic resistance and survival. This last point is important because PDAC tumors have a unique and complex tumor microenvironment that includes hypoxic and nutrient-deprived niches that could select for cell populations that garner therapeutic resistance, explaining tumor heterogeneity in regards to response to different therapies. We and others have embarked in a line of investigation focused on the key molecular mechanism of posttranscriptional gene regulation that is altered in PDAC cells and supports this pro-survival phenotype intrinsic to PDAC cells. Specifically, the key regulator of this mechanism is a RNA-binding protein, HuR (ELAVL1), first described in cancer nearly two decades ago. Herein, we will provide a brief overview of the work demonstrating the importance of this RNA-binding protein in PDAC biology and then provide insight into ongoing work developing therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting this molecule in PDAC cells. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brody
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Cancer Biology and University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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26
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Jehung JP, Kitamura T, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Kuroshima T, Towfik A, Yasuda M, Sano H, Kitagawa Y, Minowa K, Shindoh M, Higashino F. Adenovirus infection induces HuR relocalization to facilitate virus replication. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1795-1800. [PMID: 29225167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
HuR is an RNA-binding protein of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) family, which binds to the AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of certain mRNAs and is involved in the nucleo-cytoplasmic export and stabilization of ARE-mRNAs. The cytoplasmic relocalization of ARE-mRNAs with several proteins such as HuR and pp32 increases in cells transformed by the adenovirus oncogene product E4orf6. Additionally, these ARE-mRNAs were stabilized and acquired the potential to transform cells. Although, the relocalization of HuR and the stabilization of ARE-mRNAs are crucial for cell transformation, evidence regarding the relationship of HuR and ARE-mRNAs with adenovirus replication is lacking. In this report, we demonstrate that adenovirus infection induces the relocation of HuR to the cytoplasm of host cells. Analysis using the luciferase-ARE fusion gene and the tetracycline (tet)-off system revealed that the process of stabilizing ARE-mRNAs is activated in adenovirus-infected cells. Heat shock treatment or knockdown-mediated depletion of HuR reduced adenovirus production. Furthermore, expression of ARE-including viral IVa2 mRNA, decreased in HuR-depleted infected cells. These results indicate that HuR plays an important role in adenovirus replication, at least in part, by up-regulating IVa2 mRNA expression and that ARE-mRNA stabilization is required for both transformation and virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumond P Jehung
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitamura
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aya Yanagawa-Matsuda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroshima
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Alam Towfik
- Department of Dental Radiology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Yasuda
- Department of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Sano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Minowa
- Department of Dental Radiology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shindoh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higashino
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Oncology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan.
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27
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Beck M, Schirmacher P, Singer S. Alterations of the nuclear transport system in hepatocellular carcinoma - New basis for therapeutic strategies. J Hepatol 2017; 67:1051-1061. [PMID: 28673770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most prevalent human malignancies worldwide with rising incidence in industrialised countries, few therapeutic options and poor prognosis. To expand and improve therapeutic strategies, identification of drug targets involved in several liver cancer-related pathways is crucial. Virtually all signal transduction cascades cross the nuclear envelope and therefore require components of the nuclear transport system (NTS), including nuclear transport receptors (e.g. importins and exportins) and the nuclear pore complex. Accordingly, members of the NTS represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export have already entered clinical trials for various malignancies. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding alterations of the NTS and their potential for targeted therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beck
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Singer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Kapeli K, Martinez FJ, Yeo GW. Genetic mutations in RNA-binding proteins and their roles in ALS. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1193-1214. [PMID: 28762175 PMCID: PMC5602095 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes that encode RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged as critical determinants of neurological diseases, especially motor neuron disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). RBPs are involved in all aspects of RNA processing, controlling the life cycle of RNAs from synthesis to degradation. Hallmark features of RBPs in neuron dysfunction include misregulation of RNA processing, mislocalization of RBPs to the cytoplasm, and abnormal aggregation of RBPs. Much progress has been made in understanding how ALS-associated mutations in RBPs drive pathogenesis. Here, we focus on several key RBPs involved in ALS—TDP-43, HNRNP A2/B1, HNRNP A1, FUS, EWSR1, and TAF15—and review our current understanding of how mutations in these proteins cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katannya Kapeli
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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29
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Satoh R, Matsumura Y, Tanaka A, Takada M, Ito Y, Hagihara K, Inari M, Kita A, Fukao A, Fujiwara T, Hirai S, Tani T, Sugiura R. Spatial regulation of the KH domain RNA-binding protein Rnc1 mediated by a Crm1-independent nuclear export system in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Microbiol 2017; 104:428-448. [PMID: 28142187 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play important roles in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, including mRNA stability, transport and translation. Fission yeast rnc1+ encodes a K Homology (KH)-type RBP, which binds and stabilizes the Pmp1 MAPK phosphatase mRNA thereby suppressing the Cl- hypersensitivity of calcineurin deletion and MAPK signaling mutants. Here, we analyzed the spatial regulation of Rnc1 and discovered a putative nuclear export signal (NES)Rnc1 , which dictates the cytoplasmic localization of Rnc1 in a Crm1-independent manner. Notably, mutations in the NESRnc1 altered nucleocytoplasmic distribution of Rnc1 and abolished its function to suppress calcineurin deletion, although the Rnc1 NES mutant maintains the ability to bind Pmp1 mRNA. Intriguingly, the Rnc1 NES mutant destabilized Pmp1 mRNA, suggesting the functional importance of the Rnc1 cytoplasmic localization. Mutation in Rae1, but not Mex67 deletion or overproduction, induced Rnc1 accumulation in the nucleus, suggesting that Rnc1 is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via the mRNA export pathway involving Rae1. Importantly, mutations in the Rnc1 KH-domains abolished the mRNA-binding ability and induced nuclear localization, suggesting that Rnc1 may be exported from the nucleus together with its target mRNAs. Collectively, the functional Rae1-dependent mRNA export system may influence the cytoplasmic localization and function of Rnc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Satoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Akitomo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Makoto Takada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuna Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kanako Hagihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inari
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ayako Kita
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Fukao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shinya Hirai
- Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tokio Tani
- Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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Hung G, Flint SJ. Normal human cell proteins that interact with the adenovirus type 5 E1B 55kDa protein. Virology 2017; 504:12-24. [PMID: 28135605 PMCID: PMC5337154 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several of the functions of the human adenovirus type 5 E1B 55kDa protein are fulfilled via the virus-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase it forms with the viral E4 Orf6 protein and several cellular proteins. Important substrates of this enzyme have not been identified, and other functions, including repression of transcription of interferon-sensitive genes, do not require the ligase. We therefore used immunoaffinity purification and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of lysates of normal human cells infected in parallel with HAdV-C5 and E1B 55kDa protein-null mutant viruses to identify specifically E1B 55kDa-associated proteins. The resulting set of >90 E1B-associated proteins contained the great majority identified previously, and was enriched for those associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system, RNA metabolism and the cell cycle. We also report very severe inhibition of viral genome replication when cells were exposed to both specific or non-specific siRNAs and interferon prior to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - S J Flint
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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31
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Ke Y, Han Y, Guo X, Wen J, Wang K, Jiang X, Tian X, Ba X, Boldogh I, Zeng X. PARP1 promotes gene expression at the post-transcriptiona level by modulating the RNA-binding protein HuR. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14632. [PMID: 28272405 PMCID: PMC5344980 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is mainly catalysed by poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), whose role in gene transcription modulation has been well established. Here we show that, in response to LPS exposure, PARP1 interacts with the adenylateuridylate-rich element-binding protein embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like 1 (Elavl1)/human antigen R (HuR), resulting in its PARylation, primarily at site D226. PARP inhibition and the D226 mutation impair HuR's PARylation, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and mRNA binding. Increases in mRNA level or stability of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines are abolished by PARP1 ablation or inhibition, or blocked in D226A HuR-expressing cells. The present study demonstrates a mechanism to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, and suggests that blocking the interaction of PARP1 with HuR could be a strategy to treat inflammation-related diseases that involve increased mRNA stability. PARP1, in addition to its role in DNA repair, has a role in regulating gene transcription via PARylation of target proteins. Here the authors show that HuR is targeted after lipopolysaccharide exposure to regulate the inflammatory gene expression at post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshuang Ke
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China.,Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Yanlong Han
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Jitao Wen
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China.,Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China.,Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
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32
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Mihailovic MK, Chen A, Gonzalez-Rivera JC, Contreras LM. Defective Ribonucleoproteins, Mistakes in RNA Processing, and Diseases. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1367-1382. [PMID: 28206738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are vital to many cellular events. To this end, many neurodegenerative diseases and cancers have been linked to RNP malfunction, particularly as this relates to defective processing of cellular RNA. The connection of RNPs and diseases has also propagated a shift of focus onto RNA targeting from traditional protein targeting treatments. However, therapeutic development in this area has been limited by incomplete molecular insight into the specific contributions of RNPs to disease. This review outlines the role of several RNPs in diseases, focusing on molecular defects in processes that affect proper RNA handling in the cell. This work also evaluates the contributions of recently developed methods to understanding RNP association and function. We review progress in this area by focusing on molecular malfunctions of RNPs associated with the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases and cancer and conclude with a brief discussion of RNA-based therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia K Mihailovic
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , 200 East. Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Angela Chen
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , 200 East. Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Juan C Gonzalez-Rivera
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , 200 East. Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lydia M Contreras
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , 200 East. Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Habiba U, Kitamura T, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Higashino F, Hida K, Totsuka Y, Shindoh M. HuR and podoplanin expression is associated with a high risk of malignant transformation in patients with oral preneoplastic lesions. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3199-3207. [PMID: 27899983 PMCID: PMC5103919 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of malignant transformation in oral preneoplastic lesions (OPLs) is challenging to assess. The objective of the present study was to determine the expression of ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 (HuR) and podoplanin in OPLs, and to evaluate the use of each protein as biomarkers for the risk assessment of malignant transformations. Immunohistochemistry for HuR and podoplanin was performed on the tissues of 51 patients with OPL, including cases of low grade dysplasia (LGD) and high grade dysplasia (HGD). The association between the protein expression patterns and clinicopathological parameters, including oral cancer free survival (OCFS) time, was analyzed during the follow-up period. HuR and podoplanin expression was observed in 28 (55%) and 36 (71%) of 51 patients, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression of HuR and podoplanin was associated with the risk of progression to oral cancer (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that HuR and podoplanin expression was associated with a 2.93-fold (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98–10.34; P=0.055) and 2.06-fold (95% CI, 0.55–8.01; P=0.283) increase in risk of malignant transformation, respectively. The risk of OPL malignant transformation was considerably increased with the coexpression of HuR and podoplanin compared with the histological grading (95% CI, 1.64–23.59; P=0.005). The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of HuR and podoplanin associates with malignant transformation and suggests that the proteins may be used as biomarkers to identify OPL patients with an increased risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umma Habiba
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitamura
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Aya Yanagawa-Matsuda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higashino
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hokkaido University Institute for Genetic Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yasunori Totsuka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shindoh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
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Grammatikakis I, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Posttranslational control of HuR function. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27307117 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein HuR (human antigen R) associates with numerous transcripts, coding and noncoding, and controls their splicing, localization, stability, and translation. Through its regulation of target transcripts, HuR has been implicated in cellular events including proliferation, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, and the stress and immune responses. In turn, HuR influences processes such as cancer and inflammation. HuR function is primarily regulated through posttranslational modifications that alter its subcellular localization and its ability to bind target RNAs; such modifications include phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, NEDDylation, and proteolytic cleavage. In this review, we describe the modifications that impact upon HuR function on gene expression programs and disease states. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1372. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1372 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Khabar KSA. Hallmarks of cancer and AU-rich elements. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27251431 PMCID: PMC5215528 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post‐transcriptional control of gene expression is aberrant in cancer cells. Sustained stabilization and enhanced translation of specific mRNAs are features of tumor cells. AU‐rich elements (AREs), cis‐acting mRNA decay determinants, play a major role in the posttranscriptional regulation of many genes involved in cancer processes. This review discusses the role of aberrant ARE‐mediated posttranscriptional processes in each of the hallmarks of cancer, including sustained cellular growth, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1368. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1368 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S A Khabar
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Noh JH, Kim KM, Abdelmohsen K, Yoon JH, Panda AC, Munk R, Kim J, Curtis J, Moad CA, Wohler CM, Indig FE, de Paula W, Dudekula DB, De S, Piao Y, Yang X, Martindale JL, de Cabo R, Gorospe M. HuR and GRSF1 modulate the nuclear export and mitochondrial localization of the lncRNA RMRP. Genes Dev 2016; 30:1224-39. [PMID: 27198227 PMCID: PMC4888842 DOI: 10.1101/gad.276022.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Noh et al. found two RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)—HuR and GRSF1—that associated with the nuclear DNA-encoded lncRNA RMRP and mobilized it to mitochondria. In cultured human cells, HuR bound RMRP in the nucleus and mediated its CRM1-dependent export to the cytosol. After RMRP was imported into mitochondria, GRSF1 bound RMRP and increased its abundance in the matrix. Some mitochondrial long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are encoded by nuclear DNA, but the mechanisms that mediate their transport to mitochondria are poorly characterized. Using affinity RNA pull-down followed by mass spectrometry analysis, we found two RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), HuR (human antigen R) and GRSF1 (G-rich RNA sequence-binding factor 1), that associated with the nuclear DNA-encoded lncRNA RMRP and mobilized it to mitochondria. In cultured human cells, HuR bound RMRP in the nucleus and mediated its CRM1 (chromosome region maintenance 1)-dependent export to the cytosol. After RMRP was imported into mitochondria, GRSF1 bound RMRP and increased its abundance in the matrix. Loss of GRSF1 lowered the mitochondrial levels of RMRP, in turn suppressing oxygen consumption rates and modestly reducing mitochondrial DNA replication priming. Our findings indicate that RBPs HuR and GRSF1 govern the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial localization of the lncRNA RMRP, which is encoded by nuclear DNA but has key functions in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Heon Noh
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Kyoung Mi Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Amaresh C Panda
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Jessica Curtis
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Christopher A Moad
- Confocal Imaging Facility, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Christina M Wohler
- Confocal Imaging Facility, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Fred E Indig
- Confocal Imaging Facility, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Wilson de Paula
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Dawood B Dudekula
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Hauk G, Bowman GD. Formation of a Trimeric Xpo1-Ran[GTP]-Ded1 Exportin Complex Modulates ATPase and Helicase Activities of Ded1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131690. [PMID: 26120835 PMCID: PMC4484809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The DEAD-box RNA helicase Ded1, which is essential in yeast and known as DDX3 in humans, shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm and takes part in several basic processes including RNA processing and translation. A key interacting partner of Ded1 is the exportin Xpo1, which together with the GTP-bound state of the small GTPase Ran, facilitates unidirectional transport of Ded1 out of the nucleus. Here we demonstrate that Xpo1 and Ran[GTP] together reduce the RNA-stimulated ATPase and helicase activities of Ded1. Binding and inhibition of Ded1 by Xpo1 depend on the affinity of the Ded1 nuclear export sequence (NES) for Xpo1 and the presence of Ran[GTP]. Association with Xpo1/Ran[GTP] reduces RNA-stimulated ATPase activity of Ded1 by increasing the apparent KM for the RNA substrate. Despite the increased KM, the Ded1:Xpo1:Ran[GTP] ternary complex retains the ability to bind single stranded RNA, suggesting that Xpo1/Ran[GTP] may modulate the substrate specificity of Ded1. These results demonstrate that, in addition to transport, exportins such as Xpo1 also have the capability to alter enzymatic activities of their cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Hauk
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Bowman
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Tan M, Wettersten HI, Chu K, Huso DL, Watnick T, Friedlander S, Landesman Y, Weiss RH. Novel inhibitors of nuclear transport cause cell cycle arrest and decrease cyst growth in ADPKD associated with decreased CDK4 levels. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1179-86. [PMID: 25234309 PMCID: PMC4254973 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00406.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a progressive, proliferative renal disease. Kidneys from ADPKD patients are characterized by the presence of cysts that are marked by enhanced proliferation and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Current treatment of this disease is supportive, as there are few if any clinically validated targeted therapeutics. Given the parallels between cystic disease and cancer, and in light of our findings of the efficacy of the nuclear transport inhibitors in kidney cancer, which has similarities to ADPKD, we asked whether such inhibitors show utility in ADPKD. In this study, we tested selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) in two human ADPKD cell lines and in an in vivo mouse model of ADPKD. After effective downregulation of a nuclear exporter, exportin 1 (XPO1), with KPT-330, both cell lines showed dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation through G₀/G₁ arrest associated with downregulation of CDK4, with minimal apoptosis. To analyze mechanisms of CDK4 decrease by XPO1 inhibition, localization of various XPO1 target proteins was examined, and C/EBPβ was found to be localized in the nucleus by XPO1 inhibition, resulting in an increase of C/EBPα, which activates degradation of CDK4. Furthermore, inhibition of XPO1 with the parallel inhibitor KPT-335 attenuated cyst growth in vivo in the PKD1 mutant mouse model Pkd1(v/v). Thus, inhibition of nuclear export by KPT-330, which has shown no adverse effects in renal serum chemistries and urinalyses in animal models, and which is already in phase 1 trials for cancers, will be rapidly translatable to human ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristy Chu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David L Huso
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Terry Watnick
- Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Robert H Weiss
- Graduate Group in Comparative Pathology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California; Medical Service, Sacramento Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sacramento, California
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Post-transcriptional up-regulation of PDGF-C by HuR in advanced and stressed breast cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20306-20. [PMID: 25383675 PMCID: PMC4264168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple genetic alterations leading to the activation of growth factor signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation. Platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) is overexpressed in various malignancies; however, the involvement of PDGF-C in breast cancers and the mechanisms underlying PDGF-C deregulation remain unclear. Here, we show that PDGF-C is overexpressed in clinical breast cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. PDGF-C up-regulation was mediated by the human embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like protein HuR, which stabilizes the PDGF-C transcript by binding to two predicted AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). HuR is up-regulated in hydrogen peroxide-treated or ultraviolet-irradiated breast cancer cells. Clinically, HuR levels are correlated with PDGF-C expression and histological grade or pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying HuR-mediated breast cancer progression, and suggest that HuR and PDGF-C are potential molecular candidates for targeted therapy of breast cancers.
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Valiente-Echeverría F, Melnychuk L, Vyboh K, Ajamian L, Gallouzi IE, Bernard N, Mouland AJ. eEF2 and Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP1) modulate stress granule assembly during HIV-1 infection. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4819. [PMID: 25229650 PMCID: PMC4978539 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SG) are translationally silent sites of RNA triage induced by environmental stresses including viral infection. Here we show that HIV-1 Gag blocks SG assembly irrespective of eIF2α phosphorylation and even when SG assembly is forced by overexpression of Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP1) or TIAR. The overexposed loops in the amino-terminal capsid domain of Gag and host eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) are found to be critical for the SG blockade via interaction. Moreover, cyclophilin A (CypA) stabilizes the Gag-eEF2 association. eEF2 depletion not only lifts the SG blockade but also results in impaired virus production and infectivity. Gag also disassembles preformed SGs by recruiting G3BP1, thereby displacing eEF2, revealing another unsuspected virus-host interaction involved in the HIV-1-imposed SG blockade. Understanding how HIV-1 counters anti-viral stress responses will lay the groundwork for new therapeutic strategies to bolster host cell immune defences against HIV-1 and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Luca Melnychuk
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Kishanda Vyboh
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Lara Ajamian
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | | | - Nicole Bernard
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
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Wang D, Wang M, Hu C, Shuang T, Zhou Y, Yan X. Expression of the ELAV-like protein HuR in the cytoplasm is associated with endometrial carcinoma progression. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11939-47. [PMID: 25182852 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is an mRNA-binding factor that belongs to the embryonic lethal abnormal vision/Hu protein family which may function as a tumor maintenance gene in a variety of carcinomas. However, there is no study to analyze HuR expression in endometrial carcinoma. Here, we investigated the expression of HuR in endometrial carcinoma carcinogenesis and subsequent progression. The expression of HuR and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) protein was examined by immunohistochemistry on paraffin embedding specimens containing endometrial carcinoma and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Short hairpin RNA against HuR was transfected to investigate the role of HuR in regulating the expression of ER-α and progression in endometrial carcinoma. Cell viability and cycle were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis was examined by annexin V apoptosis assay. Our study result show that cytoplasmic HuR expression is more frequent in poorly differentiated carcinomas (p = 0.005), advanced stage (p = 0.020), and positive ER-α expression (p = 0.026). Three HuR short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were transfected into Ishikawa cells, and we selected the most effective shRNA for the following experiments. After the transfection, the ER-α protein level was decreased. Further, decreased expression of HuR resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and induced apoptosis in Ishikawa cells. Our results showed that HuR could be a causal factor of ER-α regulation in Ishikawa cells and thus may induce the hormone-dependent endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Kelich JM, Yang W. High-resolution imaging reveals new features of nuclear export of mRNA through the nuclear pore complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14492-504. [PMID: 25141104 PMCID: PMC4159864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells provides a physical barrier for messenger RNA (mRNA) and the associated proteins (mRNPs) traveling from sites of transcription in the nucleus to locations of translation processing in the cytoplasm. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in the NE serve as a dominant gateway for nuclear export of mRNA. However, the fundamental characterization of export dynamics of mRNPs through the NPC has been hindered by several technical limits. First, the size of NPC that is barely below the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy requires a super-resolution microscopy imaging approach. Next, the fast transit of mRNPs through the NPC further demands a high temporal resolution by the imaging approach. Finally, the inherent three-dimensional (3D) movements of mRNPs through the NPC demand the method to provide a 3D mapping of both transport kinetics and transport pathways of mRNPs. This review will highlight the recently developed super-resolution imaging techniques advanced from 1D to 3D for nuclear export of mRNPs and summarize the new features in the dynamic nuclear export process of mRNPs revealed from these technical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kelich
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Bao W, Florea L, Wu N, Wang Z, Banaudha K, Qian J, Houzet L, Kumar R, Kumar A. Loss of nuclear PTEN in HCV-infected human hepatocytes. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:23. [PMID: 25075209 PMCID: PMC4114100 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major risk factor for chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the mechanism of HCV-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis is not well understood. Insufficiency of PTEN tumor suppressor is associated with more aggressive cancers, including HCC. We asked whether viral non-coding RNA could initiate oncogenesis in HCV infected human hepatocytes. The results presented herein suggest that loss of nuclear PTEN in HCV-infected human hepatocytes results from depletion of Transportin-2, which is a direct target of viral non-coding RNA, vmr11. Methods The intracellular distribution of PTEN in HCV-infected cells was monitored by immunostaining and Western blots of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Effects of PTEN depletion were examined by comparing expression arrays of uninfected cells with either HCV-infected or vmr11-transfected cells. Target genes suggested by array analyses were validated by Western blot. The influence of nuclear PTEN deficiency on virus production was determined by quantitative analysis of HCV genomic RNA in culture media of infected hepatocytes. Results Import of PTEN to the nucleus relies on the interaction of Transportin-2 and PTEN proteins; we show that depletion of Transportin-2 by HCV infection or by the introduction of vmr11 in uninfected cells results in reduced nuclear PTEN. In turn, nuclear PTEN insufficiency correlates with increased virus production and the induction of γ-H2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks and genomic instability. Conclusion An HCV-derived small non-coding RNA inhibits Transportin-2 and PTEN translocation to the nucleus, suggesting a direct viral role in hepatic oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
| | - Liliana Florea
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ningbin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
| | - Krishna Banaudha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
| | - Jason Qian
- Current address: Metabolism Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurent Houzet
- Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA ; Current address: INSERM U1085-IRSET, Universite de Rennes1, Institut Federatif de Recherche 140, Rennes, France
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
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Cammas A, Sanchez BJ, Lian XJ, Dormoy-Raclet V, van der Giessen K, López de Silanes I, Ma J, Wilusz C, Richardson J, Gorospe M, Millevoi S, Giovarelli M, Gherzi R, Di Marco S, Gallouzi IE. Destabilization of nucleophosmin mRNA by the HuR/KSRP complex is required for muscle fibre formation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4190. [PMID: 24969639 PMCID: PMC4074165 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HuR promotes myogenesis by stabilizing the MyoD, myogenin and p21 mRNAs during the fusion of muscle cells to form myotubes. Here we show that HuR, via a novel mRNA destabilizing activity, promotes the early steps of myogenesis by reducing the expression of the cell cycle promoter nucleophosmin (NPM). Depletion of HuR stabilizes the NPM mRNA, increases NPM protein levels and inhibits myogenesis, while its overexpression elicits the opposite effects. NPM mRNA destabilization involves the association of HuR with the decay factor KSRP as well as the ribonuclease PARN and the exosome. The C terminus of HuR mediates the formation of the HuR-KSRP complex and is sufficient for maintaining a low level of the NPM mRNA as well as promoting the commitment of muscle cells to myogenesis. We therefore propose a model whereby the downregulation of the NPM mRNA, mediated by HuR, KSRP and its associated ribonucleases, is required for proper myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cammas
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6 [2] INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Brenda Janice Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Xian Jin Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Virginie Dormoy-Raclet
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Kate van der Giessen
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Isabel López de Silanes
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Carol Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, USA
| | - John Richardson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A2B4
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Room 06C226, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825, USA
| | - Stefania Millevoi
- INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro (IST), Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, c/o CBA Building A3, Room 30, Largo R. Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Gherzi
- Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro (IST), Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, c/o CBA Building A3, Room 30, Largo R. Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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HuR and miR-1192 regulate myogenesis by modulating the translation of HMGB1 mRNA. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2388. [PMID: 24005720 PMCID: PMC4005793 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon muscle injury, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is upregulated and secreted to initiate reparative responses. Here we show that HMGB1 controls myogenesis both in vitro and in vivo during development and after adult muscle injury. HMGB1 expression in muscle cells is regulated at the translational level: the miRNA miR-1192 inhibits HMGB1 translation and the RNA-binding protein HuR promotes it. HuR binds to a cis-element, HuR binding sites (HuRBS), located in the 3'UTR of the HMGB1 transcript, and at the same time miR-1192 is recruited to an adjacent seed element. The binding of HuR to the HuRBS prevents the recruitment of Argonaute 2 (Ago2), overriding miR-1192-mediated translation inhibition. Depleting HuR reduces myoblast fusion and silencing miR-1192 re-establishes the fusion potential of HuR-depleted cells. We propose that HuR promotes the commitment of myoblasts to myogenesis by enhancing the translation of HMGB1 and suppressing the translation inhibition mediated by miR-1192.
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Habiba U, Kitamura T, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Hida K, Higashino F, Ohiro Y, Totsuka Y, Shindoh M. Cytoplasmic expression of HuR may be a valuable diagnostic tool for determining the potential for malignant transformation of oral verrucous borderline lesions. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1547-54. [PMID: 24534848 PMCID: PMC3975986 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) is a low grade variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) is a benign lesion without malignant features. However, pathologists are sometimes presented with borderline lesions and are indecisive as to diagnose them as benign or malignant. Thus, these lesions are tentatively termed oral verrucous lesions (OVLs). HuR is an ARE mRNA-binding protein, normally localized in the nucleus but cytoplasmic exportation is frequently observed in cancer cells. The present study aimed to elucidate whether expression of the HuR protein facilitates the diagnosis of true malignant lesions. Clinicopathological features were evaluated, and immunohistochemical analysis for p53, Ki67 and HuR proteins was performed in 48 cases of OVH, OVC and OVL, and the outcomes were correlated using appropriate statistical analysis. The association of these three proteins in relation to malignant transformation was analyzed after a 3-year follow-up of 25 OVL cases. The basal characteristics (age, gender and location) of all cases had no significant association with the types of lesions. Gingiva (39.4%) was the common site for all lesions. Distribution of the examined proteins had a significant association with the lesions. As compared with the OVLs, the number of immunostained-positive cells was significantly higher in the OVCs and lower in the OVH cases. During follow-up, 24% of the OVLs underwent malignant transformation for which high HuR expression and a diffuse staining pattern in the epithelium were observed. Taken together, the high degree of HuR expression with diffuse staining pattern in the epithelium may be an effective diagnostic tool that determines the potential of OVLs for malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umma Habiba
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitamura
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Aya Yanagawa-Matsuda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higashino
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yasunori Totsuka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shindoh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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Legnini I, Morlando M, Mangiavacchi A, Fatica A, Bozzoni I. A feedforward regulatory loop between HuR and the long noncoding RNA linc-MD1 controls early phases of myogenesis. Mol Cell 2014; 53:506-14. [PMID: 24440503 PMCID: PMC3919156 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The muscle-specific long noncoding RNA linc-MD1 was shown to be expressed during early phases of muscle differentiation and to trigger the switch to later stages by acting as a sponge for miR-133 and miR-135. Notably, linc-MD1 is also the host transcript of miR-133b, and their biogenesis is mutually exclusive. Here, we describe that this alternative synthesis is controlled by the HuR protein, which favors linc-MD1 accumulation through its ability to bind linc-MD1 and repress Drosha cleavage. We show that HuR is under the repressive control of miR-133 and that the sponging activity of linc-MD1 consolidates HuR expression in a feedforward positive loop. Finally, we show that HuR also acts in the cytoplasm, reinforcing linc-MD1 sponge activity by cooperating for miRNA recruitment. An increase in miR-133 synthesis, mainly from the two unrelated miR-133a coding genomic loci, is likely to trigger the exit from this circuitry and progression to later differentiation stages. A feedforward positive loop exists between linc-MD1 and HuR during myogenesis HuR controls the relative biogenesis of miR-133b and its host linc-MD1 RNA Linc-MD1, by sponging miR-133, alleviates its repression on HuR expression Cytoplasmic HuR reinforces linc-MD1 activity by cooperating for miRNA recruitment
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Legnini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin" and IBPM, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Morlando
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin" and IBPM, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mangiavacchi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin" and IBPM, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fatica
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin" and IBPM, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Bozzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin" and IBPM, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; Institute Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Duijvesz D, Burnum-Johnson KE, Gritsenko MA, Hoogland AM, Vredenbregt-van den Berg MS, Willemsen R, Luider T, Paša-Tolić L, Jenster G. Proteomic profiling of exosomes leads to the identification of novel biomarkers for prostate cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82589. [PMID: 24391718 PMCID: PMC3876995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current markers for prostate cancer, such as PSA lack specificity. Therefore, novel biomarkers are needed. Unfortunately, the complexity of body fluids often hampers biomarker discovery. An attractive alternative approach is the isolation of small vesicles, i.e. exosomes, ∼100 nm, which contain proteins that are specific to the tissue from which they are derived and therefore can be considered as treasure chests for disease-specific biomarker discovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exosomes were isolated from 2 immortalized primary prostate epithelial cells (PNT2C2 and RWPE-1) and 2 PCa cell lines (PC346C and VCaP) by ultracentrifugation. After tryptic digestion, proteomic analyses utilized a nanoLC coupled with an LTQ-Orbitrap operated in tandem MS (MS/MS) mode. Accurate Mass and Time (AMT) tag approach was employed for peptide identification and quantitation. Candidate biomarkers were validated by Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Proteomic characterization resulted in the identification of 248, 233, 169, and 216 proteins by at least 2 peptides in exosomes from PNT2C2, RWPE-1, PC346C, and VCaP, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed 52 proteins differently abundant between PCa and control cells, 9 of which were more abundant in PCa. Validation by Western blotting confirmed a higher abundance of FASN, XPO1 and PDCD6IP (ALIX) in PCa exosomes. CONCLUSIONS Identification of exosomal proteins using high performance LC-FTMS resulted in the discovery of PDCD6IP, FASN, XPO1 and ENO1 as new candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin E. Burnum-Johnson
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marina A. Gritsenko
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Nuclear trafficking of retroviral RNAs and Gag proteins during late steps of replication. Viruses 2013; 5:2767-95. [PMID: 24253283 PMCID: PMC3856414 DOI: 10.3390/v5112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses exploit nuclear trafficking machinery at several distinct stages in their replication cycles. In this review, we will focus primarily on nucleocytoplasmic trafficking events that occur after the completion of reverse transcription and proviral integration. First, we will discuss nuclear export of unspliced viral RNA transcripts, which serves two essential roles: as the mRNA template for the translation of viral structural proteins and as the genome for encapsidation into virions. These full-length viral RNAs must overcome the cell's quality control measures to leave the nucleus by co-opting host factors or encoding viral proteins to mediate nuclear export of unspliced viral RNAs. Next, we will summarize the most recent findings on the mechanisms of Gag nuclear trafficking and discuss potential roles for nuclear localization of Gag proteins in retrovirus replication.
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50
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Papadodima O, Chatziioannou A, Patrinou-Georgoula M, Kolisis FN, Pletsa V, Guialis A. HuR-regulated mRNAs associated with nuclear hnRNP A1-RNP complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:20256-81. [PMID: 24152440 PMCID: PMC3821614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulatory networks are dependent on the interplay of many RNA-binding proteins having a major role in mRNA processing events in mammals. We have been interested in the concerted action of the two RNA-binding proteins hnRNP A1 and HuR, both stable components of immunoselected hnRNP complexes and having a major nuclear localization. Specifically, we present here the application of the RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP)-Chip technology to identify a population of nuclear transcripts associated with hnRNP A1-RNPs as isolated from the nuclear extract of either HuR WT or HuR-depleted (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. The outcome of this analysis was a list of target genes regulated via HuR for their association (either increased or reduced) with the nuclear hnRNP A1-RNP complexes. Real time PCR analysis was applied to validate a selected number of nuclear mRNA transcripts, as well as to identify pre-spliced transcripts (in addition to their mature mRNA counterpart) within the isolated nuclear hnRNP A1-RNPs. The differentially enriched mRNAs were found to belong to GO categories relevant to biological processes anticipated for hnRNP A1 and HuR (such as transport, transcription, translation, apoptosis and cell cycle) indicating their concerted function in mRNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Papadodima
- Division of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece; E-Mails: (O.P.); (A.C.); (M.P.-G.)
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Division of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece; E-Mails: (O.P.); (A.C.); (M.P.-G.)
| | - Meropi Patrinou-Georgoula
- Division of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece; E-Mails: (O.P.); (A.C.); (M.P.-G.)
| | - Fragiskos N. Kolisis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens 15780, Greece; E-Mail:
| | - Vasiliki Pletsa
- Division of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece; E-Mails: (O.P.); (A.C.); (M.P.-G.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (V.P.); (A.G.); Tel.: +30-210-7273-754 (V.P. & A.G.); Fax: +30-210-7273-677 (V.P. & A.G.)
| | - Apostolia Guialis
- Division of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece; E-Mails: (O.P.); (A.C.); (M.P.-G.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (V.P.); (A.G.); Tel.: +30-210-7273-754 (V.P. & A.G.); Fax: +30-210-7273-677 (V.P. & A.G.)
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