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He J, Liu T, Wang W, Wu X, Wang J, Yan W. Comprehensive improvement of soil quality and rice yield by flooding-midseason drying-flooding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7347-7359. [PMID: 36167920 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many water-saving technologies have been developed to reduce water input and the associated irrigation costs. However, the influence of water management technologies on soil quality is unclear. Soil quality is fundamental to rice yield and sustainable productivity of ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of water management on soil quality and its linkage with rice yield. In this work, a field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of water management on soil physico-chemical properties, microbial biomass, bacterial community, and rice yield in paddy fields. Three water treatments were selected for the study, including flooding-rain-fed (F-RF), flooding-midseason drying-flooding (F-D-F), and continuous flooding (CF). Total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved carbon content (DOC), available phosphorus (AP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents were 11%, 20%, 29%, 30%, 11%, 183%, and 215% higher in F-D-F, respectively, than those in the CF (p < 0.05). Additionally, the bacterial diversity in F-D-F and CF was significantly higher compared to the F-RF (p < 0.05). Correspondingly, soil quality index (SQI) was higher in the F-D-F (0.8) than that of F-RF (0.53) and CF (0.5). Compared with the F-RF, water management remarkably altered bacterial community composition, with higher enrichment of anaerobic bacteria (such as Firmicutes and Chloroflexi) in flooding treatments (CF and F-D-F). Differences in the bacterial community were closely related to key soil quality indicators, such as AP. Parallel increases in soil quality and bacterial diversity resulted in increased rice yield in the F-D-F, which was 53% and 12% higher than that in F-RF and CF, respectively. Therefore, F-D-F is the suggested water management method because it can comprehensively improve soil microbial diversity, soil quality, and rice yield. KEY POINTS: • Water management changed bacterial community mainly via SMC (soil moisture content), TP, AP, and NO3-contents. • The F-D-F had greater SQI and higher rice yield in comparison with F-RF and CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong He
- National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry & Ecology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Hunan, Changsha, 410004, China.,Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems, Hunan, Yueyang, 414000, China
| | - Ting Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry & Ecology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Hunan, Changsha, 410004, China.,Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems, Hunan, Yueyang, 414000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry & Ecology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Hunan, Changsha, 410004, China. .,Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems, Hunan, Yueyang, 414000, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry & Ecology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Hunan, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Wende Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry & Ecology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Hunan, Changsha, 410004, China.,Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems, Hunan, Yueyang, 414000, China
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2
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Esterhuizen M, Behnam Sani S, Wang L, Kim YJ, Pflugmacher S. Mycoremediation of acetaminophen: Culture parameter optimization to improve efficacy. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128117. [PMID: 33297110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Untreated pharmaceutical pollution and their possibly toxic metabolites, resulting from overloaded wastewater treatment processes, end up in aquatic environments and are hazardous to the ecosystem homeostasis. Biological wastewater remediation could supplement traditional methods and overcome the release of these biologically active compounds in the environment. Mycoremediation is especially promising due to the unspecific nature of fungi to decompose compounds through exoenzymes and the uptake of compounds as nutrients. In the present study, we improved on the previous advances made using the fungus Mucor hiemalis to remediate one of the most commonly occurring pharmaceuticals, acetaminophen (APAP), at higher concentrations. The limitation of nitrogen, adjustment of pH, and comparison to, as well as co-cultivation with the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, were tested. Nitrogen limitation did not significantly improve the APAP remediation efficiency of M. hiemalis. Maintaining the pH of the media improved the remediation restraint of 24 h previously observed. The APAP remediation efficiency of P. chrysosporium was far superior to that of M. hiemalis, and co-cultivation of the two resulted in a decreased remediation efficiency compared to P. chrysosporium in single.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esterhuizen
- University of Helsinki, Ecosystems and Environmental Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus 7.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - S Behnam Sani
- Technische Universität Berlin, Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Wang
- Technische Universität Berlin, Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y J Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus 7.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - S Pflugmacher
- University of Helsinki, Ecosystems and Environmental Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus 7.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Freeman D, Bajón Fernández Y, Wilson A, McKew BA, Whitby C, Clark DR, Jefferson B, Coulon F, Hassard F. Nitrogen oxidation consortia dynamics influence the performance of full-scale rotating biological contactors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105354. [PMID: 31864025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia oxidising microorganisms (AOM) play an important role in ammonia removal in wastewater treatment works (WWTW) including rotating biological contactors (RBCs). Environmental factors within RBCs are known to impact the performance of key AOM, such that only some operational RBCs have shown ability for elevated ammonia removal. In this work, long-term treatment performance of seven full-scale RBC systems along with the structure and abundance of the ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) communities within microbial biofilms were examined. Long term data showed the dominance of AOB in most RBCs, although two RBCs had demonstrable shift toward an AOA dominated AOM community. Next Generation Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed diverse evolutionary ancestry of AOB from RBC biofilms while nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOBs) were similar to reference databases. AOA were more abundant in the biofilms subject to lower organic loading and higher oxygen concentration found at the distal end of RBC systems. Modelling revealed a distinct nitrogen cycling community present within high performing RBCs, linked to efficient control of RBC process variables (retention time, organic loading and oxygen concentration). We present a novel template for enhancing the resilience of RBC systems through microbial community analysis which can guide future strategies for more effective ammonia removal. To best of the author's knowledge, this is the first comparative study reporting the use of next generation sequencing data on microbial biofilms from RBCs to inform effluent quality of small WWTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Freeman
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; Severn Trent, 2 St Johns Street, Coventry CV1 2LZ, UK
| | - Y Bajón Fernández
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; Severn Trent, 2 St Johns Street, Coventry CV1 2LZ, UK
| | - A Wilson
- Severn Trent, 2 St Johns Street, Coventry CV1 2LZ, UK; Atkins Global, The Axis, 10 Holliday St, Birmingham B1 1TF, UK
| | - B A McKew
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - C Whitby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - D R Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - B Jefferson
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - F Coulon
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - F Hassard
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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4
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Bornemann G, Waßer K, Hauslage J. The influence of nitrogen concentration and precipitation on fertilizer production from urine using a trickling filter. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2018; 18:12-20. [PMID: 30100143 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Planetary habitation requires technology to maintain natural microbial processes, which make nutrients from biowaste available for plant cultivation. This study describes a 646 day experiment, in which trickling filters were monitored for their ability to mineralize nitrogen when loaded with artificial urine solutions of different concentrations (40, 60, 80 and 100% v/v). Former studies have indicated that increasing urine concentrations slow nitrogen conversion rates and induce growing instability. In the current experiment, nitrogen conversion rates, measured as nitrate production/day, did not differ between concentration levels and increasing instability was not observed. Instead, the buffering capacity of the mussel shells added as buffer system (∼75% calcium carbonate) increased with increasing concentrations of synthetic urine possibly due to the higher phosphate content. The intensified precipitation of calcium phosphates seems to promote carbonate dissolution leading to improved buffering. For space applications, the precipitation of calcium phosphates is not desirable as for the phosphate to be available to the plants the precipitate must be treated with hazardous substances. With regard to terrestrial agriculture the process-integrated phosphate precipitation is a possibility to separate the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphate without addition of other chemicals. Thus, the described process offers a simple and cost-effective approach to fertilizer production from biogenic residues like slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Bornemann
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, Cologne 51147, Germany.
| | - Kai Waßer
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, Cologne 51147, Germany
| | - Jens Hauslage
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, Cologne 51147, Germany
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5
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Li X, Huang Y, Liu HW, Wu C, Bi W, Yuan Y, Liu X. Simultaneous Fe(III) reduction and ammonia oxidation process in Anammox sludge. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 64:42-50. [PMID: 29478660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been a number of reports on the phenomenon in which ferric iron (Fe(III)) is reduced to ferrous iron [Fe(II)] in anaerobic environments, accompanied by simultaneous oxidation of ammonia to NO2-, NO3-, or N2. However, studies on the relevant reaction characteristics and mechanisms are rare. Recently, in research on the effect of Fe(III) on the activity of Anammox sludge, excess ammonia oxidization has also been found. Hence, in the present study, Fe(III) was used to serve as the electron acceptor instead of NO2-, and the feasibility and characteristics of Anammox coupled to Fe(III) reduction (termed Feammox) were investigated. After 160days of cultivation, the conversion rate of ammonia in the reactor was above 80%, accompanied by the production of a large amount of NO3- and a small amount of NO2-. The total nitrogen removal rate was up to 71.8%. Furthermore, quantities of Fe(II) were detected in the sludge fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and denaturated gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses further revealed that in the sludge, some Anammox bacteria were retained, and some microbes were enriched during the acclimatization process. We thus deduced that in Anammox sludge, Fe(III) reduction takes place together with ammonia oxidation to NO2- and NO3- along with the Anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Heng-Wei Liu
- School of Chemistry Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wei Bi
- School of Chemistry Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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6
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Bernardes FS, de Oliveira Diniz RC, Araújo JC, Paulo PL. Studies of filter media for zero-discharge systems collecting light greywater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2173-2184. [PMID: 27809703 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1249414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Zero-discharge constructed wetland environments are more prone to the accumulation of pollutants. The relationship between filter media and microbial communities in this type of environment is still poorly known. We conducted bench-scale studies of different filter media (polyurethane foam, blast-furnace slag, and loofah) in these systems by simulating the batch operation with light greywater for 433 days. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses (scanning electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction electrophoresis denaturing gradient gel) were used. In all systems, anoxic environments prevailed. These environments were crucial for methanogenesis and sulfidogenesis processes, which are primarily responsible for organic material conversion. The chemical oxygen demand/sulfate (COD/SO42-) ratio was the limiting factor in the competition of microorganisms involved in these processes. This condition, combined with the neutral-alkaline pH, also allowed Chloroflexi phylum bacteria to oxidize sulfide to sulfate and elemental sulfur in all studied media. The results showed strong evidence supporting that the microbial community formed in the present study is more related to operational/environmental conditions than to the different tested filter media. Thus, this demonstrates that the control of interactive effects between pH, redox potential, and the COD/SO42- ratio can prevent the accumulation and/or release of sulfide in anoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Silva Bernardes
- a Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , MS , Brasil
| | - Renata Cortes de Oliveira Diniz
- b Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil
| | - Juliana Calábria Araújo
- b Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil
| | - Paula Loureiro Paulo
- a Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , MS , Brasil
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7
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Rodrigues VAJ, Mac Conell EFA, Dias DFC, von Sperling M, de Araújo JC, Vasel JL. Nitrogen removal in a shallow maturation pond with sludge accumulated during 10 years of operation in Brazil. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:268-278. [PMID: 28726693 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated sludge in polishing (maturation) ponds reduces the hydraulic retention time (smaller useful volume), and this could potentially lead to a decrease in performance. However, settled biomass, present in the sediments, can contribute to nitrogen removal by different mechanisms such as nitrification and denitrification. This study investigated the influence of the bottom sludge present in a shallow maturation pond treating the effluent from an anaerobic reactor on the nitrification and denitrification processes. Nitrification and denitrification rates were determined in sediment cores by applying ammonia pulses. Environmental conditions in the medium were measured and bacteria detected and quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The pond showed daily cycles of mixing and stratification and most of the bacteria involved in nitrogen removal decreased in concentration from the upper to the lower part of the sludge layer. The results indicate that denitrifiers, nitrifiers and anammox bacteria coexisted in the sludge, and thus different metabolic pathways were involved in ammonium removal in the system. Therefore, the sediment contributed to nitrogen removal, even with a decrease in the hydraulic retention time in the pond due to the volume occupied by the sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A J Rodrigues
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESA), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Escola de Engenharia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil E-mail:
| | - E F A Mac Conell
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESA), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Escola de Engenharia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil E-mail:
| | - D F C Dias
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESA), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Escola de Engenharia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil E-mail:
| | - M von Sperling
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESA), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Escola de Engenharia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil E-mail:
| | - J C de Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESA), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Escola de Engenharia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil E-mail:
| | - J L Vasel
- Department of Science and Environmental Management, Unit of Environment and Sanitation, University of Liege, Campus Arlon, Arlon, Belgium
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8
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Siniscalchi LAB, Leite LR, Oliveira G, Chernicharo CAL, de Araújo JC. Illumina sequencing-based analysis of a microbial community enriched under anaerobic methane oxidation condition coupled to denitrification revealed coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic methanotrophs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16751-16764. [PMID: 28567677 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methane is produced in anaerobic environments, such as reactors used to treat wastewaters, and can be consumed by methanotrophs. The composition and structure of a microbial community enriched from anaerobic sewage sludge under methane-oxidation condition coupled to denitrification were investigated. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis retrieved sequences of Methylocaldum and Chloroflexi. Deep sequencing analysis revealed a complex community that changed over time and was affected by methane concentration. Methylocaldum (8.2%), Methylosinus (2.3%), Methylomonas (0.02%), Methylacidiphilales (0.45%), Nitrospirales (0.18%), and Methanosarcinales (0.3%) were detected. Despite denitrifying conditions provided, Nitrospirales and Methanosarcinales, known to perform anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification (DAMO) process, were in very low abundance. Results demonstrated that aerobic and anaerobic methanotrophs coexisted in the reactor together with heterotrophic microorganisms, suggesting that a diverse microbial community was important to sustain methanotrophic activity. The methanogenic sludge was a good inoculum to enrich methanotrophs, and cultivation conditions play a selective role in determining community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciene Alves Batista Siniscalchi
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Dr. Sylvio Menicucci Avenue, 1001, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Laura Rabelo Leite
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Dr. Sylvio Menicucci Avenue, 1001, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Oliveira
- Genomics and Computational Biology Group, René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Augusto de Lima Avenue 1715, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 30.190-002, Brazil
- Instituto Vale de Tecnologia, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, Pará, 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Lemos Chernicharo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana Calabria de Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil.
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9
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Tang X, Yang Q, Li J, Peng Y, Xu Z, He J. Semi-nitritation process producing optimum influent for anammox process in treatment of domestic wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 152:55-61. [PMID: 26963236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The process of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) requires a proper ratio of NH4(+)-N and NO2(-)-N in the influent, which is difficult to control upon treating domestic wastewater. In this study, a control strategy of semi-nitritation (SN) process based on monitoring the pH profile and NH4(+)-N concentration in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was developed. The aeration time of each cycle in SN-SBR was calculated using the established equation tSN=tCOD+0.56αnS0/(S0-Sn). To verify the suitability of the control strategy, SN-SBR was operated continuously for 20 cycles, fed with real domestic wastewater with a fluctuating COD of 200-400 mg L(-1) and NH4(+)-N of 65-80 mg L(-1). The nitrogen removal performance of SN-anammox system using the developed control strategy was also monitored. Results showed that SN-SBR was able to generate a suitable ratio of NH4(+)-N to NO2(-)-N for the following anammox process, the TN removal rate of the SN-anammox system achieved 91.7 ± 0.4% and the average ammonium, nitrite and nitrate concentration of effluent was only 0.50 ± 0.24, 0.13 ± 0.09 and 4.9 ± 0.22 mg L(-1), respectively. This study has potential application in the treatment of domestic wastewater using combined SN-anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jianlin Li
- China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Zhubing Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jianzhong He
- Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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10
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Vannecke TPW, Bernet N, Winkler MKH, Santa-Catalina G, Steyer JP, Volcke EIP. Influence of process dynamics on the microbial diversity in a nitrifying biofilm reactor: Correlation analysis and simulation study. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1962-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. W. Vannecke
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; Ghent University, Coupure links 653; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nicolas Bernet
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement; INRA, UR0050; Narbonne France
| | - Mari K. H. Winkler
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; Ghent University, Coupure links 653; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | | | - Eveline I. P. Volcke
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; Ghent University, Coupure links 653; 9000 Ghent Belgium
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11
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Bai Y, Zhang Y, Quan X, Chen S. Enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency and reducing nitrate liquor recirculation ratio by improving simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:827-834. [PMID: 26901725 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process (G1) and an activated sludge anoxic-oxic process (G2) were operated at nitrate liquor recirculation ratio (R) of 100, 200 and 300% to investigate the feasibility of enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency (RTN) and reducing R by improving simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the IFAS process. The results showed that the effluent NH4(+)-N and total nitrogen (TN) of G1 at R of 200% were less than 1.5 and 14.5 mg/L, satisfying the Chinese discharge standard (NH4(+)-N < 5 mg/L; TN < 15 mg/L). However, the effluent NH4(+)-N and TN of G2 at R of 300% were higher than 8.5 and 15.3 mg/L. It indicated that better RTN could be achieved at a lower R in the IFAS process. The polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results implied that nitrifiers and denitrifiers co-existed in one microbial community, facilitating the occurrence of SND in the aerobic reactor of G1, and the contribution of SND to TN removal efficiency ranged 15-19%, which was the main reason that the RTN was improved in the IFAS process. Therefore, the IFAS process was an effective method for improving RTN and reducing R. In practical application, this advantage of the IFAS process can decrease the electricity consumption for nitrate liquor recirculation flow, thereby saving operational costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
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Partial Nitrification and Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal in a Pilot-Scale ABR/MBR Combined Process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1003-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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D'Anteo S, Mannucci A, Meliani M, Verni F, Petroni G, Munz G, Lubello C, Mori G, Vannini C. Nitrifying biomass characterization and monitoring during bioaugmentation in a membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:3159-3166. [PMID: 26017932 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1055818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A membrane bioreactor (MBR), fed with domestic wastewater, was bioaugmented with nitrifying biomass selected in a side-stream MBR fed with a synthetic high nitrogen-loaded influent. Microbial communities evolution was monitored and comparatively analysed through an extensive bio-molecular investigation (16S rRNA gene library construction and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques) followed by statistical analyses. As expected, a highly specialized nitrifying biomass was selected in the side-stream reactor fed with high-strength ammonia synthetic wastewater. The bioaugmentation process caused an increase of nitrifying bacteria of the genera Nitrosomonas (up to more than 30%) and Nitrobacter in the inoculated MBR reactor. The overall structure of the microbial community changed in the mainstream MBR as a result of bioaugmentation. The effect of bioaugmentation in the shift of the microbial community was also verified through statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibilla D'Anteo
- a Protistology-Zoology Unit, Biology Department , University of Pisa , Via A. Volta 4, 56126 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Alberto Mannucci
- b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Florence , Via S. Marta n.3, 50139 , Florence , Italy
| | - Matteo Meliani
- a Protistology-Zoology Unit, Biology Department , University of Pisa , Via A. Volta 4, 56126 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Franco Verni
- a Protistology-Zoology Unit, Biology Department , University of Pisa , Via A. Volta 4, 56126 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Giulio Petroni
- a Protistology-Zoology Unit, Biology Department , University of Pisa , Via A. Volta 4, 56126 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Giulio Munz
- b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Florence , Via S. Marta n.3, 50139 , Florence , Italy
| | - Claudio Lubello
- b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Florence , Via S. Marta n.3, 50139 , Florence , Italy
| | - Gualtiero Mori
- c CER2CO (CEntro Ricerca Reflui Conciari) , Via Arginale Ovest 8, 56020 , San Romano,S. Miniato, Pisa , Italy
| | - Claudia Vannini
- a Protistology-Zoology Unit, Biology Department , University of Pisa , Via A. Volta 4, 56126 , Pisa , Italy
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Siniscalchi LAB, Vale IC, Dell'Isola J, Chernicharo CA, Calabria Araujo J. Enrichment and activity of methanotrophic microorganisms from municipal wastewater sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1563-1575. [PMID: 25495866 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.997298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, methanotrophic microorganisms were enriched from a municipal wastewater sludge taken from an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor. The enrichment was performed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with an autotrophic medium containing nitrite and nitrate. The microbial community composition of the inoculum and of the enrichment culture after 100 days of SBR operation was investigated and compared with the help of data obtained from 454 pyrosequencing analyses. The nitrite and nitrate removal efficiencies were 68% and 53%, respectively, probably due to heterotrophic denitrification. Archaeal cells of the anaerobic methanotrophic Archaic (ANME)-I and ANME-II groups were detected by polymerase chain reaction throughout the whole cultivation period. Pyrosequencing analysis showed that community composition was different among the two samples analysed. The dominant phyla found in the inoculum were Synergistestes, Firmicutes and Euryarchaeota, while Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria prevailed in the enriched biomass. The cultivation conditions decreased Methanobacterium abundance from 8% to 1%, and enriched for methanotrophic bacteria such as Methylocaldum, Methylocistis and Methylosinus. Sequences of Methylocaldum sp. accounted for 2.5% of the total reads. The presence and high predominance of Verrucomicrobia in the enriched biomass suggested that other unknown methanotrophic species related to that phylum might also have occurred in the reactor. Anaerobic methane oxidation activity was measured for both samples, and showed that the activity of the enrichment culture was nearly three times higher than the activity of the inoculum. Taken together, these results showed that the inoculum type and cultivation conditions were properly suited for methanotrophic enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciene Alves Batista Siniscalchi
- a Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte , MG 31270-901 , Brazil
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15
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Bellucci M, Ofiţeru ID, Beneduce L, Graham DW, Head IM, Curtis TP. A preliminary and qualitative study of resource ratio theory to nitrifying lab-scale bioreactors. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 8:590-603. [PMID: 25874592 PMCID: PMC4408191 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of microbial diversity in design would ideally require predictive theory that would relate operational parameters to the numbers and distribution of taxa. Resource ratio-theory (RRT) might be one such theory. Based on Monod kinetics, it explains diversity in function of resource-ratio and richness. However, to be usable in biological engineered system, the growth parameters of all the bacteria under consideration and the resource supply and diffusion parameters for all the relevant nutrients should be determined. This is challenging, but plausible, at least for low diversity groups with simple resource requirements like the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). One of the major successes of RRT was its ability to explain the ‘paradox of enrichment’ which states that diversity first increases and then decreases with resource richness. Here, we demonstrate that this pattern can be seen in lab-scale-activated sludge reactors and parallel simulations that incorporate the principles of RRT in a floc-based system. High and low ammonia and oxygen were supplied to continuous flow bioreactors with resource conditions correlating with the composition and diversity of resident AOB communities based on AOB 16S rDNA clone libraries. Neither the experimental work nor the simulations are definitive proof for the application of RRT in this context. However, it is sufficient evidence that such approach might work and justify a more rigorous investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Bellucci
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Foggia, via Napoli 25, Foggia, 71122, Italy
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16
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Garcia GPP, Diniz RCO, Bicalho SK, Franco VADS, Gontijo EMDO, Toscano RA, Canhestro KO, Santos MRD, Carmo ALRD, Lobato LCS, Brandt EMF, Chernicharo CAL, Calabria de Araujo J. Biological sulphide removal from anaerobically treated domestic sewage: reactor performance and microbial community dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:2177-2189. [PMID: 25737383 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1024174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed a biological sulphide oxidation system and evaluated two reactors (shaped similar to the settler compartment of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket [UASB] reactor) with different support materials for biomass retention: polypropylene rings and polyurethane foam. The start-up reaction was achieved using microorganisms naturally occurring on the open surface of UASB reactors treating domestic wastewater. Sulphide removal efficiencies of 65% and 90% were achieved with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 24 and 12 h, respectively, in both reactors. However, a higher amount of elemental sulphur was formed and accumulated in the biomass from reactor 1 (20 mg S(0) g(-1) VTS) than in that from reactor 2 (2.9 mg S(0) g(-1) VTS) with an HRT of 24 h. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results revealed that the the pink and green biomass that developed in both reactors comprised a diverse bacterial community and had sequences related to phototrophic green and purple-sulphur bacteria such as Chlorobium sp., Chloronema giganteum, and Chromatiaceae. DGGE band patterns also demonstrated that bacterial community was dynamic over time within the same reactor and that different support materials selected for distinct bacterial communities. Taken together, these results indicated that sulphide concentrations of 1-6 mg L(-1) could be efficiently removed from the effluent of a pilot-scale UASB reactor in two sulphide biological oxidation reactors at HRTs of 12 and 24 h, showing the potential for sulphur recovery from anaerobically treated domestic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Patrício Pereira Garcia
- a Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte , MG 31270-901 , Brazil
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17
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Zhao X, Chen Z, Wang X, Li J, Shen J, Xu H. Remediation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products using an aerobic granular sludge sequencing bioreactor and microbial community profiling using Solexa sequencing technology analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 179:104-112. [PMID: 25531682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a new type of organic pollution derived from pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is gradually on the rise. Wastewater treatment to remove PPCPs was investigated using an aerobic granular sludge sequencing bioreactor (GSBR). After optimization of influent organic load, hydraulic shear stress, sludge settling time, etc., aerobic granular sludge was analyzed for its physiological and biochemical characteristics and tested for its efficacy to remove PPCPs wastewater. The granular sludge effectively removed some but not all of the PPCPs tested; removal correlated with the microbial profiles in the granules, as assessed using Solexa sequencing technology. Sequencing revealed the presence of five phylogenetic groups: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Betaproteobacteria, an unclassified genus, and Zoogloea. The results demonstrated changes in the microbial profiles with time in response to the presence of PPCPs. The effects of PPCPs on microbial communities in granular sludge process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jinchunzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Mac Conell EFA, Almeida PGS, Martins KEL, Araújo JC, Chernicharo CAL. Bacterial community involved in the nitrogen cycle in a down-flow sponge-based trickling filter treating UASB effluent. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:116-122. [PMID: 26114279 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial community composition of a down-flow sponge-based trickling filter treating upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) effluent was investigated by pyrosequencing. Bacterial community composition considerably changed along the reactor and over the operational period. The dominant phyla detected were Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes. The abundance of denitrifiers decreased from the top to the bottom and it was consistent with the organic matter concentration gradients. At lower loadings (organic and nitrogen loading rates), the abundance of anammox bacteria was higher than that of the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the upper portion of the reactor, suggesting that aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation occurred. Nitrification occurred in all the compartments, while anammox bacteria prominently appeared even in the presence of high organic carbon to ammonia ratios (around 1.0-2.0 gCOD gN(-1)). The results suggest that denitrifiers, nitrifiers, and anammox bacteria coexisted in the reactor; thus, different metabolic pathways were involved in ammonium removal in the post-UASB reactor sponge-based.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F A Mac Conell
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
| | - P G S Almeida
- Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - K E L Martins
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
| | - J C Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
| | - C A L Chernicharo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
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19
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Sekar S, Zintchem AA, Keshri J, Kamika I, Momba MN. Bacterial profiling in brine samples of the Emalahleni Water Reclamation Plant, South Africa, using 454-pyrosequencing method. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 359:55-63. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sudharshan Sekar
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences; Water Care Unit; TUT; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Armand A.E.A. Zintchem
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences; Water Care Unit; TUT; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Jitendra Keshri
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences; Water Care Unit; TUT; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences; Water Care Unit; TUT; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Maggy N.B. Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences; Water Care Unit; TUT; Pretoria South Africa
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20
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Sanchez J, Sanabria J, Jetten M. Faster autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms in presence of nitrite, using inocula from Colombia. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2014. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v16n1.44282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Junicke H, Abbas B, Oentoro J, van Loosdrecht M, Kleerebezem R. Absolute quantification of individual biomass concentrations in a methanogenic coculture. AMB Express 2014; 4:35. [PMID: 24949269 PMCID: PMC4052637 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of individual biomass concentrations is a crucial step towards an improved understanding of anaerobic digestion processes and mixed microbial conversions in general. The knowledge of individual biomass concentrations allows for the calculation of biomass specific conversion rates which form the basis of anaerobic digestion models. Only few attempts addressed the absolute quantification of individual biomass concentrations in methanogenic microbial ecosystems which has so far impaired the calculation of biomass specific conversion rates and thus model validation. This study proposes a quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach for the direct determination of individual biomass concentrations in methanogenic microbial associations by correlating the native qPCR signal (cycle threshold, Ct) to individual biomass concentrations (mg dry matter/L). Unlike existing methods, the proposed approach circumvents error-prone conversion factors that are typically used to convert gene copy numbers or cell concentrations into actual biomass concentrations. The newly developed method was assessed and deemed suitable for the determination of individual biomass concentrations in a defined coculture of Desulfovibrio sp. G11 and Methanospirillum hungatei JF1. The obtained calibration curves showed high accuracy, indicating that the new approach is well suited for any engineering applications where the knowledge of individual biomass concentrations is required.
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Srithep P, Khinthong B, Chodanon T, Powtongsook S, Pungrasmi W, Limpiyakorn T. Communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in shrimp ponds. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Shalini SS, Joseph K. Start-up of the SHARON and ANAMMOX process in landfill bioreactors using aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidising biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 149:474-485. [PMID: 24140853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to analyse the feasibility to use aerobic ammonium oxidising bacteria (AOB) and anammox/AnAOB biomass enriched from mined municipal solid waste for in situ SHARON and ANAMMOX processes in laboratory scale landfill bioreactors (LFBR) for ammonia nitrogen removal. For this purpose, three LFBRs were operated as Control (without biomass seed), SHARON (with AOB biomass seed) and ANAMMOX (with anammox biomass seed) for 315 days. Results showed nitrogen loading rate of 1.0 kg N/d was effectively removed in SHARON and ANAMMOX LFBR. In SHARON LFBR, partial nitritation efficiency reached up to 98.5% with AOB population of MPN of 5.1 × 10(6)/mL obtained. ANAMMOX LFBR gave evolution of 95% of nitrogen gas as the end product confirmed the ANAMMOX process. Nitrogen transformations, biomass development and hydrazine and hydroxylamine formation authenticated the enriched AOB and anammox biomass activity in landfill bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sri Shalini
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, India.
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Luo J, Liang H, Yan L, Ma J, Yang Y, Li G. Microbial community structures in a closed raw water distribution system biofilm as revealed by 454-pyrosequencing analysis and the effect of microbial biofilm communities on raw water quality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 148:189-95. [PMID: 24055963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report on the characterization of the microbial biofilm community structure and water quality change along a closed and stable raw water distribution system. 454-pyrosequencing was employed to investigate the microbial communities in four biofilm samples. 25,426 optimized sequences were obtained. Results showed Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in each biofilm sample. The abundance of Nitrospiraes in M6 biofilm, Firmicutes in M8 biofilm, Actinobacteria in M9 biofilm were higher by comparing with other three biofilm samples. The M6 microbial biofilm community structure was similar to that of M7, dissimilar to that of M9. Dissolved oxygen and nitrogen was probably major factors to influence the microbial biofilm communities. Nitrospiraes in M6 biofilm and Firmicutes in M8 biofilm were crucial to remove ammonia nitrogen and nitrate in raw water. How to enrich functional microbes in biofilm to pretreat raw water is an important area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China; Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 1 Xuehai Street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China.
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25
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Fan J, Zhang B, Zhang J, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu F, Guo Y, Wu H. Intermittent aeration strategy to enhance organics and nitrogen removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:117-22. [PMID: 23561957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an intermittent-aerated subsurface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) A was set up to assess its performance in decentralized rural sewage treatment. A conventional SFCW B and a subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS C) were also constructed for comparison. Alternate anaerobic and aerobic conditions were well developed by intermittent aeration. High removal of organic pollutants (29.3 gm(-2) d(-1)), ammonium nitrogen (3.5 gm(-2) d(-1)) and total nitrogen (3.3 gm(-2) d(-1)) were obtained simultaneously in SFCW A compared with SFCW B and SWIS C. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis proved that the intermittent aeration obviously enhanced the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in SFCW A. These results suggest that intermittent aeration strategy is reliable to enhance the performance of SFCWs in decentralized rural sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Bellucci M, Ofiţeru ID, Head IM, Curtis TP, Graham DW. Nitrification in hybrid bioreactors treating simulated domestic wastewater. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:621-30. [PMID: 23611422 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To provide deeper insights into nitrification process within aerobic bioreactors containing supplemental physical support media (hybrid bioreactors). METHODS AND RESULTS Three bench-scale hybrid bioreactors with different media size and one control bioreactor were operated to assess how biofilm integrity influences microbial community conditions and bioreactor performance. The systems were operated initially at a 5-day hydraulic retention time (HRT), and all reactors displayed efficient nitrification and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (>95%). However, when HRT was reduced to 2.5 days, COD removal rates remained high, but nitrification efficiencies declined in all reactors after 19 days. To explain reduced performance, nitrifying bacterial communities (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOB; nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB) were examined in the liquid phase and also on the beads using qPCR, FISH and DGGE. Overall, the presence of the beads in a reactor promoted bacterial abundances and diversity, but as bead size was increased, biofilms with active coupled AOB-NOB activity were less apparent, resulting in incomplete nitrification. CONCLUSIONS Hybrid bioreactors have potential to sustain effective nitrification at low HRTs, but support media size and configuration type must be optimized to ensure coupled AOB and NOB activity in nitrification. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that AOB and NOB coupling must be accomplished to minimize nitrification failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bellucci
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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27
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Optimization and Modelling of Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal by ANAMMOX Process Using Response Surface Methodology. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/930352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal using the ANAMMOX (Anaerobic AMMonium OXidation) process was provided based on an experimental design. At first, the experimental data was collected from a combined biological aerobic/anaerobic reactor. For modelling and optimization of COD removal, the main parameters were considered, such as COD loading, ammonium, pH, and temperature. From the models, the optimum conditions were determined as COD 97.5 mg/L, ammonium concentration equal to 28.75 mg-N/L, pH 7.72, and temperature 31.3°C. Finally, the analysis of the optimum conditions, performed by the response surface method, predicted COD removal efficiency of 81.07% at the optimum condition.
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Kong Q, Liang S, Zhang J, Xie H, Miao M, Tian L. N(2)O emission in a partial nitrification system: dynamic emission characteristics and the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 127:400-406. [PMID: 23165104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study attempts to elucidate the dynamics of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emission and investigate the evolution of the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community in a partial nitrification system producing an influent suitable for the anammox process. Based on long-term monitoring, (0.80 ± 0.19, n = 7)% of the incoming nitrogen load was emitted as N(2)O. During the partial nitrification process, the N(2)O emission rate reached a maximum at the beginning of the aerobic period and stabilized at a low level after an initial peak. Moreover, the quantity of N(2)O emission increased quickly at the beginning of the cycle operation and then production slowed after 30 min. According to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, the dominant AOB causing the N(2)O emission from the partial nitrification system were Nitrosomonas sp. Both Nitrosomonas sp. Nm33 and Nitrosomonas sp. Nm58 were enriched at high ammonia concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Kong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
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Yasuda T, Waki M, Kuroda K, Hanajima D, Fukumoto Y, Yamagishi T, Suwa Y, Suzuki K. Responses of community structure of amoA
-encoding archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in ammonia biofilter with rockwool mixtures to the gradual increases in ammonium and nitrate. J Appl Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Yasuda
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - M. Waki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - K. Kuroda
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Koshi Kumamoto Japan
| | - D. Hanajima
- Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Y. Fukumoto
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - T. Yamagishi
- Institute of Environmental Management Technology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Suwa
- Department of Biological Sciences; Chuo University; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Suzuki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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Gabarró J, Ganigué R, Gich F, Ruscalleda M, Balaguer MD, Colprim J. Effect of temperature on AOB activity of a partial nitritation SBR treating landfill leachate with extremely high nitrogen concentration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:283-289. [PMID: 23079415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of temperature on ammonia oxidizing bacteria activity in a partial nitritation (PN) sequencing batch reactor. Stable PN was achieved in a 250 L SBR with a minimum operating volume of 111L treating mature landfill leachate containing an ammonium concentration of around 6000 mg N-NH(4)(+)L(-1) at both 25 and 35 °C. A suitable influent to feed an anammox reactor was achieved in both cases. A kinetic model was applied to study the influence of free ammonia (FA), the free nitrous acid (FNA) inhibition, and the inorganic carbon (IC) limitation. NH(4)(+) and NO(2)(-) concentrations were similar at 25 and 35 °C experiments (about 2500 mg N-NH(4)(+)L(-1) and 3500 mg N-NO(2)(-)L(-1)), FA and FNA concentrations differed due to the strong temperature dependence. FNA was the main source of inhibition at 25 °C, while at 35 °C combined FA and FNA inhibition occurred. DGGE results demonstrated that PN-SBR sludge was enriched on the same AOB phylotypes in both experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gabarró
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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31
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Winkler MKH, Kleerebezem R, de Bruin LMM, Verheijen PJT, Abbas B, Habermacher J, van Loosdrecht MCM. Microbial diversity differences within aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge flocs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:7447-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Prevalence of Nitrosomonas cluster 7 populations in the ammonia-oxidizing community of a submerged membrane bioreactor treating urban wastewater under different operation conditions. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:901-10. [PMID: 22976820 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A pilot-scale ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used for the aerobic treatment of urban wastewater in four experimental stages influenced by seasonal temperature and different sets of operation conditions. The structure of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community was profiled by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), based on the amplification and separation of partial ammonia-monoxygenase subunit A (amoA) genes. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that temperature, hydraulic retention time and percentage of ammonia removal had a significant effect on the fingerprints of AOB communities. Phylogenetic analysis conducted on amoA/AmoA sequences of reamplified TGGE bands showed, however, that closely related ammonia-oxidizing populations inhabited the sludge of the MBR in all experimental stages. Nitrosomonas cluster 7 populations (N. europaea-N. eutropha cluster) prevailed under all conditions tested, even when the MBR was operated under complete biomass retention or at low temperatures, suggesting that the high ammonia concentrations in the system were determinant to select r-strategist AOB.
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33
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Hu M, Wang X, Wen X, Xia Y. Microbial community structures in different wastewater treatment plants as revealed by 454-pyrosequencing analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 117:72-9. [PMID: 22609716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 454-pyrosequencing technology was employed to investigate the microbial communities in 12 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWPTs) with different treatment processes. In total, 202,968 effective sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were generated from 16 samples that widely represented the diversity of the microbial communities. While Proteobacteria was found to be the dominant phylum in some samples, in other samples it was Bacteroidetes. The Simpson's diversity index and evenness index were lowest in samples from membrane bioreactors (MBRs), possibly due to the long sludge retention time (SRT) and low food/microorganism ratio (F/M). For one WWTP which had two disparate treatment processes operating in parallel, the structures of microbial communities in the two systems were compared. The differences found between the two indicated that the treatment process likely had effects on the structure of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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34
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Raszka A, Surmacz-Górska J, Zabczyński S, Miksch K. The population dynamics of nitrifiers in ammonium-rich systems. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2011; 83:2159-2169. [PMID: 22368958 DOI: 10.2175/106143011x12989211841331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Non-optimal pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, the presence of toxic substances, or the influence of grazers are known to cause disturbances in nitrification. Because activated sludge is a mixture of different organisms, bacteria, and higher organisms, the stability of processes such as carbon removal, nitrification, denitrification, and dephosphatation depends on a range of interactions. These interactions occur both between and within trophic levels. Understanding of the ecology of microorganisms involved in bioprocesses is essential for effective control of startup and operation of a particular process. The aim of the study was to gain further insight into the dynamics of nitrifiers in activated sludge at various sludge ages while treating higher concentrations of ammonium. The results confirmed the importance of Nitrosococcus mobilis and Nitrobacter sp. as the dominant nitrifiers responsible for nitritation and nitratation, respectively, in the presence of unlimited ammonium. The size of the dominant bacteria colony was larger compared to the other species present and reached 25 microm. Problems with nitrification occurred in all high-ammonium loaded reactors. The dynamics of nitrifier population was monitored by oxygen uptake rate (OUR) using a test enabling the OUR measurement separately for ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The results reveal the hypersensitivity of nitrifiers to the substrate and products of incomplete nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Raszka
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
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35
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Low-dissolved-oxygen nitrifying systems exploit ammonia-oxidizing bacteria with unusually high yields. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:7787-96. [PMID: 21926211 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00330-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In wastewater treatment plants, nitrifying systems are usually operated with elevated levels of aeration to avoid nitrification failures. This approach contributes significantly to operational costs and the carbon footprint of nitrifying wastewater treatment processes. In this study, we tested the effect of aeration rate on nitrification by correlating ammonia oxidation rates with the structure of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) community and AOB abundance in four parallel continuous-flow reactors operated for 43 days. Two of the reactors were supplied with a constant airflow rate of 0.1 liter/min, while in the other two units the airflow rate was fixed at 4 liters/min. Complete nitrification was achieved in all configurations, though the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was only 0.5 ± 0.3 mg/liter in the low-aeration units. The data suggest that efficient performance in the low-DO units resulted from elevated AOB levels in the reactors and/or putative development of a mixotrophic AOB community. Denaturing gel electrophoresis and cloning of AOB 16S rRNA gene fragments followed by sequencing revealed that the AOB community in the low-DO systems was a subset of the community in the high-DO systems. However, in both configurations the dominant species belonged to the Nitrosomonas oligotropha lineage. Overall, the results demonstrated that complete nitrification can be achieved at low aeration in lab-scale reactors. If these findings could be extended to full-scale plants, it would be possible to minimize the operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions without risk of nitrification failure.
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36
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Chang CY, Tanong K, Xu J, Shon H. Microbial community analysis of an aerobic nitrifying-denitrifying MBR treating ABS resin wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:5337-5344. [PMID: 21236663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for treating acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin wastewater was carried out in this study to evaluate the system performance on nitrification. The results showed that nitrification of the aerobic MBR system was significant and the highest TKN removal of approximately 90% was obtained at hydraulic retention time (HRT) 18 h. In addition, the result of nitrogen mass balance revealed that the percentage of TN removal due to denitrification was in the range of 8.7-19.8%. Microbial community analysis based on 16s rDNA molecular approach indicated that the dominant ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) group in the system was a β-class ammonia oxidizer which was identified as uncultured sludge bacterium (AF234732). A heterotrophic aerobic denitrifier identified as Thauera mechernichensis was found in the system. The results indicated that a sole aerobic MBR system for simultaneous removals of carbon and nitrogen can be designed and operated for neglect with an anaerobic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
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37
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Integrating microbial ecology in bioprocess understanding: the case of gas biofiltration. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:837-49. [PMID: 21424795 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilters are packed-bed bioreactors where contaminants, once transferred from the gas phase to the biofilm, are oxidized by diverse and complex communities of attached microorganisms. Over the last decade, more and more studies aimed at opening the back box of biofiltration by unraveling the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship. In this review, we report the insights provided by the microbial ecology approach in biofilters and we emphasize the parallels existing with other engineered ecosystems used for wastewater treatment, as they all constitute relevant model ecosystems to explore ecological issues. We considered three characteristic ecological indicators: the density, the diversity, and the structure of the microbial community. Special attention was paid to the temporal and spatial dynamics of each indicator, insofar as it can disclose the potential relationship, or absence of relation, with any operating or functional parameter. We also focused on the impact of disturbance regime on the microbial community structure, in terms of resistance, resilience, and memory. This literature review led to mitigated conclusions in terms of biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship. Depending on the environmental system itself and the way it is investigated, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the microbial community can be either correlated (e.g., spatial stratification) or uncoupled (e.g., temporal instability) to the ecosystem function. This lack of generality shows the limits of current 16S approach in complex ecosystems, where a functional approach may be more suitable.
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38
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Yamamoto T, Wakamatsu S, Qiao S, Hira D, Fujii T, Furukawa K. Partial nitritation and anammox of a livestock manure digester liquor and analysis of its microbial community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2342-2347. [PMID: 21074422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A swim-bed reactor for partial nitritation with polymeric coagulant treatment and an UASB reactor for anammox were applied to the treatment of livestock manure digester liquor. The partial nitritation was maintained for 32 days under a 1.6 kg N/m(3)/d nitrogen loading rate (NLR) with an average conversion efficiency of 51%, and achieved 1.65 kg N/m(3)/d of the maximum nitrite production rate under 2.58 kg N/m(3)/d of NLR. Although 200 mg/L of TOC remained in the effluent of the partial nitritation reactor, the anammox nitrogen removal rate was not significantly decreased and a relatively high rate of 2.0 kg N/m(3)/d was obtained under a NLR of 2.2 kg N/m(3)/d. 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that Nitrosomonas and KSU-1 were dominant in the partial nitritation and anammox reactor, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that the partial nitritation-anammox process has possibility of applying to the nitrogen removal of livestock manure digester liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, Japan
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39
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Bae H, Park JH, Jun KS, Jung JY. The community analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in wastewater treatment plants revealed by the combination of double labeled T-RFLP and sequencing. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:345-354. [PMID: 21337248 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.542384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The functional gene of amoA, which produces the α-subunit of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), has been analyzed to reveal the microbial community structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by culture-independent methods. In this study, the distribution of the amoA gene in 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was revealed by the fingerprinting method of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and comparative sequencing. T-RFLP showed diverse communities of AOB in the modified Ludzack-Ettinger process, in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic processes, in the hanging biological contactor, and in the sequencing batch reactor. In all of these environments, long solid retention time (SRT) was expected to be the critical factor for maintaining the diverse AOB community structure. Because T-RFLP does not offer sufficient information to confirm the phylogenetic information of AOB, the microbial community structures were analyzed by comparative sequencing for seven samples that were selected by the statistical categorization using principal component analysis (PCA) among 14 samples. The phylogenetic tree of 21 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) among 88 clones obtained in this study revealed that AOB of Nitrosomonas oligotropha and europaea lineages were predominant in WWTPs. Double labeled T-RFLP produced group-specific terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) representing several groups of AOB and offered advanced resolution comparing with the single labeled T-RFLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokwan Bae
- Environment Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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40
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Wang X, Wen X, Yan H, Ding K, Hu M. Community dynamics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a full-scale wastewater treatment system with nitrification stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-010-0254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
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41
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Guo J, Peng Y, Huang H, Wang S, Ge S, Zhang J, Wang Z. Short- and long-term effects of temperature on partial nitrification in a sequencing batch reactor treating domestic wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 179:471-479. [PMID: 20381239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitrification to nitrite has been frequently obtained at high temperatures, but has proved difficult to achieve at low temperatures when treating low strength domestic wastewater. In this study, the long-term effects of temperature on partial nitrification were investigated by operating a sequencing bath reactor with the use of aeration duration control. The specific ammonia oxidation rate decreased by 1.5 times with the temperature decreasing from 25 to 15 degrees C. However, low temperature did not deteriorate the stable partial nitrification performance. Nitrite accumulation ratio was always above 90%, even slightly higher (above 95%) at low temperatures. The nitrifying sludge accumulated with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), but washout of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was used to determine the short-term effects of temperature on ammonia oxidation process. The ammonia oxidation rate depended more sensitively on lower temperatures; correspondingly the temperature coefficient theta was 1.172 from 5 to 20 degrees C, while theta was 1.062 from 20 to 35 degrees C. Moreover, the larger activation energy (111.5 kJ mol(-1)) was found at lower temperatures of 5-20 degrees C, whereas the smaller value (42.0 kJ mol(-1)) was observed at higher temperatures of 20-35 degrees C. These findings might be contributed to extend the applicability of the partial nitrification process in wastewater treatment plants operated under cold weather conditions. It is suggested that the selective enrichment of AOB as well as the washout of NOB be obtained by process control before making the biomass slowly adapt to low temperatures for achieving partial nitrification to nitrite at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Guo
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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42
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Treatment capability of an up-flow anammox column reactor using polyethylene sponge strips as biomass carrier. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 110:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Characterization and quantification of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in a nitrogen-removing reactor using T-RFLP and qPCR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:1167-76. [PMID: 20405121 PMCID: PMC2886134 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using ammonia monooxygenase α-subunit (amoA) gene and 16S rRNA gene, the community structure and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in a nitrogen-removing reactor, which was operated for five phases, were characterized and quantified by cloning, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results suggested that the dominant AOB in the reactor fell to the genus Nitrosomonas, while the dominant AOA belonged to Crenarchaeotal Group I.1a in phylum Crenarchaeota. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that the levels of AOB amoA varied from 2.9 × 103 to 2.3 × 105 copies per nanogram DNA, greatly (about 60 times) higher than those of AOA, which ranged from 1.7 × 102 to 3.8 × 103 copies per nanogram DNA. This indicated the possible leading role of AOB in the nitrification process in this study. T-RFLP results showed that the AOB community structure significantly shifted in different phases while AOA only showed one major peak for all the phases. The analyses also suggested that the AOB community was more sensitive than that of AOA to operational conditions, such as ammonia loading and dissolved oxygen.
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44
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de Graaff MS, Zeeman G, Temmink H, van Loosdrecht MCM, Buisman CJN. Long term partial nitritation of anaerobically treated black water and the emission of nitrous oxide. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:2171-2178. [PMID: 20106499 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Black water (toilet water) contains half the load of organic material and the major fraction of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus in a household and is 25 times more concentrated, when collected with a vacuum toilet, than the total wastewater stream from a Dutch household. This research focuses on the partial nitritation of anaerobically treated black water to produce an effluent suitable to feed to the anammox process. Successful partial nitritation was achieved at 34 degrees C and 25 degrees C and for a long period (almost 400 days in the second period at 25 degrees C) without strict process control a stable effluent at a ratio of 1.3 NO(2)-N/NH(4)-N was produced which is suitable to feed to the anammox process. Nitrite oxidizers were successfully outcompeted due to inhibition by free ammonia and nitrous acid and due to fluctuating conditions in SRT (1.0-17 days) and pH (from 6.3 to 7.7) in the reactor. Microbial analysis of the sludge confirmed the presence of mainly ammonium oxidizers. The emission of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) is of growing concern and it corresponded to 0.6-2.6% (average 1.9%) of the total nitrogen load.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S de Graaff
- Wetsus, Centre of excellence for sustainable water technology, Agora 1, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
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45
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ter Haseborg E, Zamora TM, Fröhlich J, Frimmel FH. Nitrifying microorganisms in fixed-bed biofilm reactors fed with different nitrite and ammonia concentrations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1701-1706. [PMID: 19910189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrifying bacteria and archaea were fed in fixed-bed biofilm reactors with different nitrite and ammonia concentrations in synthetic and real wastewater. During high nitrite concentrations (rho(NO(2)(-))=5-10mg/L), an increase in the abundance of Nitrobacter species was detected with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), while Nitrospira species disappeared to a large extent. During high ammonia concentrations (rho(NH(4)(+))=60-80 mg/L), a slight increase in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was obtained, while the abundance of archaebacteria remained unchanged. Lab-scale reactors showed a similar nitrifying microbial population as reactors fed with real wastewater. However, increased abundances of Nitrospira species as observed in wastewater reactors and in the wastewater trickling filters could not be found in the laboratory reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike ter Haseborg
- Engler-Bunte-Institute, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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46
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Nitrification and degradation of halogenated hydrocarbons--a tenuous balance for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 86:435-44. [PMID: 20146060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The process of nitrification has the potential for the in situ bioremediation of halogenated compounds provided a number of challenges can be overcome. In nitrification, the microbial process where ammonia is oxidized to nitrate, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are key players and are capable of carrying out the biodegradation of recalcitrant halogenated compounds. Through industrial uses, halogenated compounds often find their way into wastewater, contaminating the environment and bodies of water that supply drinking water. In the reclamation of wastewater, halogenated compounds can be degraded by AOB but can also be detrimental to the process of nitrification. This minireview considers the ability of AOB to carry out cometabolism of halogenated compounds and the consequent inhibition of nitrification. Possible cometabolism monitoring methods that were derived from current information about AOB genomes are also discussed. AOB expression microarrays have detected mRNA of genes that are expressed at higher levels during stress and are deemed "sentinel" genes. Promoters of selected "sentinel" genes have been cloned and used to drive the expression of gene-reporter constructs. The latter are being tested as early warning biosensors of cometabolism-induced damage in Nitrosomonas europaea with promising results. These and other biosensors may help to preserve the tenuous balance that exists when nitrification occurs in waste streams containing alternative AOB substrates such as halogenated hydrocarbons.
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Wang X, Wen X, Criddle C, Wells G, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Community analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge of eight wastewater treatment systems. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:627-634. [PMID: 20617742 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in activated sludge collected from eight wastewater treatment systems using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), cloning, and sequencing of the alpha-subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA). The T-RFLP fingerprint analyses showed that different wastewater treatment systems harbored distinct AOB communities. However, there was no remarkable difference among the AOB T-RFLP profiles from different parts of the same system. The T-RFLP fingerprints showed that a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) contained a larger number of dominant AOB species than a pilot-scale reactor. The source of influent affected the AOB community, and the WWTPs treating domestic wastewater contained a higher AOB diversity than those receiving mixed domestic and industrial wastewater. However, the AOB community structure was little affected by the treatment process in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of the cloned amoA genes clearly indicated that all the dominant AOB in the systems was closely related to Nitrosomonas spp. not to Nitrosospira spp. Members of the Nitrosomonas oligotropha and Nitrosomonas communis clusters were found in all samples, while members of Nitrosomonas europaea cluster occurred in some systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Nittami T, Magura T, Imai Y, Matsumoto K. Influence of the electron acceptor on nitrite reductase gene (nir) diversity in an activated sludge community. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 108:394-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Possemiers S, Verthé K, Uyttendaele S, Verstraete W. PCR-DGGE-based quantification of stability of the microbial community in a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 49:495-507. [PMID: 19712298 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the role of intestinal microbial populations significantly relies on the assumption of stability. Therefore, the microbial community composition of the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem was qualitatively, quantitatively and functionally characterised during reactor start-up to evaluate its capacity to produce a stable bacterial community, representative for the human intestinal tract. Using moving window correlation, a stability criterion was introduced to analyse the stability over time of the PCR-DGGE, plate counts, short chain fatty acids and ammonium results. A community was regarded stable when minimum 80% correlation was measured over at least one cell residence time. Species composition stability was reached after about 2 weeks, while it took some 3 weeks to reach functional stability. The combination of PCR-DGGE with moving window correlation proved to be an efficient approach to quantitatively evaluate the stability of the in vitro cultured intestinal microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Possemiers
- Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Cabezas A, Draper P, Etchebehere C. Fluctuation of microbial activities after influent load variations in a full-scale SBR: recovery of the biomass after starvation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:1191-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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