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Koi Y, Watanabe A, Kawasaki A, Ideo S, Matsutani N, Miyashita K, Shioi S, Tokunaga E, Shimokawa M, Nakatsu Y, Kuraoka I, Oda S. Mutation spectra of the BRCA1/2 genes in human breast and ovarian cancer and germline. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024; 65:179-186. [PMID: 38860553 DOI: 10.1002/em.22614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Annotating genomic sequence alterations is sometimes a difficult decision, particularly in missense variants with uncertain pathogenic significance and also in those presumed as germline pathogenic variants. We here suggest that mutation spectrum may also be useful for judging them. From the public databases, 982 BRCA1/1861 BRCA2 germline missense variants and 294 BRCA1/420 BRCA2 somatic missense variants were obtained. We then compared their mutation spectra, i.e., the frequencies of two transition- and four transversion-type mutations, in each category. Intriguingly, in BRCA1 variants, A:T to C:G transversion, which was relatively frequent in the germline, was extremely rare in somatic, particularly breast cancer, cells (p = .03). Conversely, A:T to T:A transversion was most infrequent in the germline, but not rare in somatic cells. Thus, BRCA1 variants with A:T to T:A transversion may be suspected as somatic, and those with A:T to C:G as being in the germline. These tendencies of mutation spectrum may also suggest the biological and chemical origins of the base alterations. On the other hand, unfortunately, variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were not distinguishable by mutation spectrum. Our findings warrant further and more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Koi
- Department of Breast Oncology, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Arisa Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akari Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Ideo
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nao Matsutani
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaname Miyashita
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seijiro Shioi
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Breast Oncology, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Nakatsu
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isao Kuraoka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Oda
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
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Liu Y, Wei H, Li J. A review on SIRT3 and its natural small molecule activators as a potential Preventive and therapeutic target. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176155. [PMID: 37914065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) were originally characterized by yeast Sir2 as a lifespan regulator that is conserved in all three structural domains of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes and belong to histone deacetylases consisting of seven members (SIRT1-SIRT7). Surprisingly, SIRTs have been shown to play important regulatory roles in almost all cellular functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell growth, energy metabolism, neural function, and stress resistance. Among the SIRT members, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is one of the most important deacetylases that regulates the mitochondrial acetylation and plays a role in pathological processes, such as metabolism, DNA repair, oxidative stress, apoptosis and ferroptosis. Therefore, SIRT3 is considered as a potential target for the treatment of a variety of pathological diseases, including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, age-related diseases and others. Furthermore, the isolation, screening, and development of SIRT3 signaling agonists, especially from natural products, have become a widely investigated objective. This paper describes the structure of SIRT3 protein, discusses the pathological process of SIRT3-mediated acetylation modification, and reviews the role of SIRT3 in diseases, SIRT3 activators and its related disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Morales-Ruiz T, Beltrán-Melero C, Ortega-Paredes D, Luna-Morillo JA, Martínez-Macías MI, Roldán-Arjona T, Ariza RR, Córdoba-Cañero D. The enzymatic properties of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA polymerase λ suggest a role in base excision repair. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:3. [PMID: 38217735 PMCID: PMC10787897 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) generates gapped DNA intermediates containing a 5'-terminal 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (5'-dRP) group. In mammalian cells, gap filling and dRP removal are catalyzed by Pol β, which belongs to the X family of DNA polymerases. In higher plants, the only member of the X family of DNA polymerases is Pol λ. Although it is generally believed that plant Pol λ participates in BER, there is limited experimental evidence for this hypothesis. Here we have characterized the biochemical properties of Arabidopsis thaliana Pol λ (AtPol λ) in a BER context, using a variety of DNA repair intermediates. We have found that AtPol λ performs gap filling inserting the correct nucleotide, and that the rate of nucleotide incorporation is higher in substrates containing a C in the template strand. Gap filling catalyzed by AtPol λ is most efficient with a phosphate at the 5'-end of the gap and is not inhibited by the presence of a 5'-dRP mimic. We also show that AtPol λ possesses an intrinsic dRP lyase activity that is reduced by mutations at two lysine residues in its 8-kDa domain, one of which is present in Pol λ exclusively and not in any Pol β homolog. Importantly, we also found that the dRP lyase activity of AtPol λ allows efficient completion of uracil repair in a reconstituted short-patch BER reaction. These results suggest that AtPol λ plays an important role in plant BER.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morales-Ruiz
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Beltrán-Melero
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - D Ortega-Paredes
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J A Luna-Morillo
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M I Martínez-Macías
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - T Roldán-Arjona
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - R R Ariza
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - D Córdoba-Cañero
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
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Peña-López J, Jiménez-Bou D, Ruíz-Gutiérrez I, Martín-Montalvo G, Alameda-Guijarro M, Rueda-Lara A, Ruíz-Giménez L, Higuera-Gómez O, Gallego A, Pertejo-Fernández A, Sánchez-Cabrero D, Feliu J, Rodríguez-Salas N. Prevalence and Distribution of MUTYH Pathogenic Variants, Is There a Relation with an Increased Risk of Breast Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:315. [PMID: 38254803 PMCID: PMC10813893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MUTYH has been implicated in hereditary colonic polyposis and colorectal carcinoma. However, there are conflicting data refgarding its relationship to hereditary breast cancer. Therefore, we aimed to assess if MUTYH mutations contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 3598 patients evaluated from June 2018 to June 2023 at the Hereditary Cancer Unit of La Paz University Hospital, focusing on those with detected MUTYH variants. RESULTS Variants of MUTYH were detected in 56 patients (1.6%, 95%CI: 1.2-2.0). Of the 766 patients with breast cancer, 14 patients were carriers of MUTYH mutations (1.8%, 95%CI: 0.5-3.0). The prevalence of MUTYH mutation was significantly higher in the subpopulation with colonic polyposis (11.3% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.00001, OR = 11.2, 95%CI: 6.2-22.3). However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence within the subpopulation with breast cancer (1.8% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.49, OR = 1.2, 95%CI: 0.7-2.3). CONCLUSION In our population, we could not establish a relationship between MUTYH and breast cancer. These findings highlight the necessity for a careful interpretation when assessing the role of MUTYH mutations in breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Peña-López
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Jiménez-Bou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Icíar Ruíz-Gutiérrez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Martín-Montalvo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Rueda-Lara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Ruíz-Giménez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Higuera-Gómez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallego
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jaime Feliu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Evolutionary Origin of Germline Pathogenic MUTYH Variations in Modern Humans. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030429. [PMID: 36979362 PMCID: PMC10046817 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MUTYH plays an essential role in preventing oxidation-caused DNA damage. Pathogenic germline variations in MUTYH damage its function, causing intestinal polyposis and colorectal cancer. Determination of the evolutionary origin of the variation is essential to understanding the etiological relationship between MUTYH variation and cancer development. In this study, we analyzed the origins of pathogenic germline variants in human MUTYH. Using a phylogenic approach, we searched pathogenic MUTYH variants in modern humans in the MUTYH of 99 vertebrates across eight clades. We did not find pathogenic variants shared between modern humans and the non-human vertebrates following the evolutionary tree, ruling out the possibility of cross-species conservation as the origin of human pathogenic variants in MUTYH. We then searched the variants in the MUTYH of 5031 ancient humans and extinct Neanderthals and Denisovans. We identified 24 pathogenic variants in 42 ancient humans dated between 30,570 and 480 years before present (BP), and three pathogenic variants in Neanderthals dated between 65,000 and 38,310 years BP. Data from our study revealed that human pathogenic MUTYH variants mostly arose in recent human history and were partially inherited from Neanderthals.
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6
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Genetic Predisposition to Colorectal Cancer: How Many and Which Genes to Test? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032137. [PMID: 36768460 PMCID: PMC9916931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common tumors, and genetic predisposition is one of the key risk factors in the development of this malignancy. Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis are the best-known genetic diseases associated with hereditary colorectal cancer. However, some other genetic disorders confer an increased risk of colorectal cancer, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome (TP53 gene), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MUTYH gene), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (STK11 gene), Cowden syndrome (PTEN gene), and juvenile polyposis syndrome (BMPR1A and SMAD4 genes). Moreover, the recent advances in molecular techniques, in particular Next-Generation Sequencing, have led to the identification of many new genes involved in the predisposition to colorectal cancers, such as RPS20, POLE, POLD1, AXIN2, NTHL1, MSH3, RNF43 and GREM1. In this review, we summarized the past and more recent findings in the field of cancer predisposition genes, with insights into the role of the encoded proteins and into the associated genetic disorders. Furthermore, we discussed the possible clinical utility of genetic testing in terms of prevention protocols and therapeutic approaches.
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7
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Sirt3 Regulates Response to Oxidative Stress by Interacting with BER Proteins in Colorectal Cancer. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:7299555. [PMID: 35440893 PMCID: PMC9010173 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7299555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative damages are well-recognized factors in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to oxidative DNA damage, which, if unrepaired, can be an underlying cause of cancerogenic transformation. To defend against these threats, cells have developed a range of defense mechanisms. One of the most important protection mechanisms is DNA repair systems, both nuclear and mitochondrial. Sirt3 is a mitochondrial protein involved in regulating NEIL1, NEIL2, MUTYH, APE1, and LIG3 proteins, which are involved in DNA repair, including mitochondrial repair through mtBER (mitochondrial Base Excision Repair). In this work, we show that NEIL1, NEIL2, MUTYH, APE1, and LIG3 are regulated by Sirt3 through deacetylation, and moreover, Sirt3 is directly involved in physical interaction with MUTYH, NEIL1, and APE1, which indicates the controlling role of Sirt3 over the mtBER mechanism. Also, if the cells deprived of Sirt3 are exposed to oxidative stress, altered levels of those proteins can be observed, which supports the theory of the regulatory role of Sirt3. Finally, to fully confirm the role of Sirt3 in DNA repair, we examined its role in apoptosis and found the impact of this protein on cell survival rate. Using the knowledge obtained in the course of conducted experiments, we postulate consideration of Sirt3 as a target in the rising vulnerability of cancer cells during therapy and therefore increasing the effectiveness of cancer treatment.
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Structural Insights into the Specificity of 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine Bypass by Family X DNA Polymerases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010015. [PMID: 35052363 PMCID: PMC8774566 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
8-oxo-guanine (8OG) is a common base lesion, generated by reactive oxygen species, which has been associated with human diseases such as cancer, aging-related neurodegenerative disorders and atherosclerosis. 8OG is highly mutagenic, due to its dual-coding potential it can pair both with adenine or cytidine. Therefore, it creates a challenge for DNA polymerases striving to correctly replicate and/or repair genomic or mitochondrial DNA. Numerous structural studies provide insights into the mechanistic basis of the specificity of 8OG bypass by DNA polymerases from different families. Here, we focus on how repair polymerases from Family X (Pols β, λ and µ) engage DNA substrates containing the oxidized guanine. We review structures of binary and ternary complexes for the three polymerases, which represent distinct steps in their catalytic cycles—the binding of the DNA substrate and the incoming nucleotide, followed by its insertion and extension. At each of these steps, the polymerase may favor or exclude the correct C or incorrect A, affecting the final outcome, which varies depending on the enzyme.
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De Rosa M, Johnson SA, Opresko PL. Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758402. [PMID: 34869348 PMCID: PMC8640134 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are protective nucleoprotein structures that cap linear chromosome ends and safeguard genome stability. Progressive telomere shortening at each somatic cell division eventually leads to critically short and dysfunctional telomeres, which can contribute to either cellular senescence and aging, or tumorigenesis. Human reproductive cells, some stem cells, and most cancer cells, express the enzyme telomerase to restore telomeric DNA. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress caused by excess reactive oxygen species is associated with accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction. Telomeric repeat sequences are remarkably susceptible to oxidative damage and are preferred sites for the production of the mutagenic base lesion 8-oxoguanine, which can alter telomere length homeostasis and integrity. Therefore, knowledge of the repair pathways involved in the processing of 8-oxoguanine at telomeres is important for advancing understanding of the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and cancer associated with telomere instability. The highly conserved guanine oxidation (GO) system involves three specialized enzymes that initiate distinct pathways to specifically mitigate the adverse effects of 8-oxoguanine. Here we introduce the GO system and review the studies focused on investigating how telomeric 8-oxoguanine processing affects telomere integrity and overall genome stability. We also discuss newly developed technologies that target oxidative damage selectively to telomeres to investigate roles for the GO system in telomere stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria De Rosa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samuel A Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Duarte M, Milikowski C. Gastrointestinal polyposis with associated cutaneous manifestations. Pathology 2021; 54:157-166. [PMID: 34763900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous findings are commonly associated with underlying gastrointestinal disorders and, in many instances, may be the first manifestation. Many such syndromes have incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, making them difficult to recognise. Skin manifestations may be an easily recognised feature of the underlying disorder. Most of these syndromes are hereditary but not all are associated with malignancies; either benign or premalignant extraintestinal lesions can be the initial manifestation. Some involve a single organ system, while others involve multiple organs of the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we have focused on Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer and Muir-Torre syndrome), familial adenomatous polyposis, the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes that include Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and the PTEN hamartoma syndromes, which include Cowden syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome and, lastly, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, which is not heritable. Some of these are associated with colorectal cancer, of which 15% are heritable. The majority are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. These syndromes are uncommon. However, because of the strong association with the cutaneous findings, early detection and screening may be possible and are key to decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with them, for both the patient and family members. The clinical findings, epidemiological findings, underlying genetic alterations and pathological findings are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Duarte
- Department of Pathology, Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Clara Milikowski
- Department of Pathology, Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Nakamura T, Okabe K, Hirayama S, Chirifu M, Ikemizu S, Morioka H, Nakabeppu Y, Yamagata Y. Structure of the mammalian adenine DNA glycosylase MUTYH: insights into the base excision repair pathway and cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7154-7163. [PMID: 34142156 PMCID: PMC8266592 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian MutY homologue (MUTYH) is an adenine DNA glycosylase that excises adenine inserted opposite 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). The inherited variations in human MUTYH gene are known to cause MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), which is associated with colorectal cancer. MUTYH is involved in base excision repair (BER) with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in DNA replication, which is unique and critical for effective mutation-avoidance. It is also reported that MUTYH has a Zn-binding motif in a unique interdomain connector (IDC) region, which interacts with Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 complex (9–1–1) in DNA damage response, and with apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in BER. However, the structural basis for the BER pathway by MUTYH and its interacting proteins is unclear. Here, we determined the crystal structures of complexes between mouse MUTYH and DNA, and between the C-terminal domain of mouse MUTYH and human PCNA. The structures elucidated the repair mechanism for the A:8-oxoG mispair including DNA replication-coupled repair process involving MUTYH and PCNA. The Zn-binding motif was revealed to comprise one histidine and three cysteine residues. The IDC, including the Zn-binding motif, is exposed on the MUTYH surface, suggesting its interaction modes with 9–1–1 and APE1, respectively. The structure of MUTYH explains how MAP mutations perturb MUTYH function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruya Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan.,Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Okabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Hirayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mami Chirifu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Ikemizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamagata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan.,Shokei University and Shokei University Junior College, 2-6-78, Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8678 Kumamoto, Japan
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12
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Arroyave A, Nodit L, Clegg D, Russ A. Forty-eight-year-old female MUTYH carrier presenting with five concurrent primary cancers. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1455. [PMID: 34173730 PMCID: PMC8842692 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MUTYH‐associated polyposis is a rare disorder resulting from mutations involved in DNA mismatch repair. This results in an increased susceptibility to colonic adenomatosis and other cancers. Studies have examined the resulting frequency of extracolonic manifestations; however, these typically occur alone, concurrently, or temporally separate from an already diagnosed colorectal cancer in individuals with a biallelic mutation. Case Reported here is a case of five distinct primary neoplasms presenting simultaneously in a patient monoallelic for an MYH mutation. These neoplasms included squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, rectal adenocarcinoma, synchronous anal adenocarcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and ovarian serous psammocarcinoma. Throughout her course, she underwent multiple surgical procedures, neoadjuvant chemoradiation, with further adjuvant therapy, and treatment ongoing. Due to her unique presentation, she underwent genetic testing that demonstrated she was monoallelic for an MYH mutation. Conclusion The patient had a positive response to her treatment and surgical procedures with ongoing adjuvant therapy. She will continue to undergo further genetic testing, and testing for her children is being considered. This case demonstrates a unique presentation associated with a monoallelic MYH mutation that is not described in the current literature and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Arroyave
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laurentia Nodit
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Devin Clegg
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew Russ
- Department of Surgery, Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Souaid T, Hindy JR, Diab E, Kourie HR. Are there monogenic hereditary forms of bladder cancer or only genetic susceptibilities? Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:619-628. [PMID: 34044612 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer involving the urinary system and the ninth most common cancer worldwide. Tobacco smoking is the most important environmental risk factor of BC. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been validated by genome-wide association studies as genetic risk factors for BC. However, the identification of DNA mismatch-repair genes, including MSH2 in Lynch syndrome and MUTYH in MUTYH-associated polyposis, raises the possibility of monogenic hereditary forms of BC. Moreover, other genetic mutations may play a key role in familial and hereditary transmissions of BC. Therefore, the aim of this review is to focus on the major hereditary syndromes involved in the development of BC and to report BC genetic susceptibilities established with genome-wide significance level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Souaid
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joya-Rita Hindy
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ernest Diab
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Oncology department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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14
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15
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Guo J, Bai Y, Chen Z, Mo J, Li Q, Sun H, Zhang Q. Transcriptomic analysis suggests the inhibition of DNA damage repair in green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata exposed to roxithromycin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110737. [PMID: 32505758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics are common contaminants in the aquatic environment. They are toxic to a wide range of primary producers, inhibiting the algal growth and further hindering the delivery of several ecosystem services. Yet the molecular mechanisms of macrolides in algae remain undetermined. The objectives of this study were therefore to: 1. evaluate whether macrolides at the environmentally relevant level inhibit the growth of algae; and 2. test the hypothesis that macrolides bind to ribosome and inhibit protein translocation in algae, as it does in bacteria. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was applied to elucidate the toxicological mechanism in a model green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata treated with 5 and 90 μg L-1 of a typical macrolide roxithromycin (ROX). While exposure to ROX at 5 μg L-1 for 7 days did not affect algal growth and the transciptome, ROX at 90 μg L-1 resulted in 45% growth inhibition and 2306 (983 up- and 1323 down-regulated) DEGs, which were primarily enriched in the metabolism of energy, lipid, vitamins, and DNA replication and repair pathways. Nevertheless, genes involved in pathways in relation to translation and protein translocation and processing were dysregulated. Surprisingly, we found that genes involved in the base excision repair process were mostly repressed, suggesting that ROX may be genotoxic and cause DNA damage in R. subcapitata. Taken together, ROX was unlikely to pose a threat to green algae in the environment and the mode of action of macrolides in bacteria may not be directly extrapolated to green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Haotian Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
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16
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Curia MC, Catalano T, Aceto GM. MUTYH: Not just polyposis. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:428-449. [PMID: 32821650 PMCID: PMC7407923 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i7.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MUTYH is a base excision repair enzyme, it plays a crucial role in the correction of DNA errors from guanine oxidation and may be considered a cell protective factor. In humans it is an adenine DNA glycosylase that removes adenine misincorporated in 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) pairs, inducing G:C to T:A transversions. MUTYH functionally cooperates with OGG1 that eliminates 8-oxodG derived from excessive reactive oxygen species production. MUTYH mutations have been linked to MUTYH associated polyposis syndrome (MAP), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple colorectal adenomas. MAP patients show a greatly increased lifetime risk for gastrointestinal cancers. The cancer risk in mono-allelic carriers associated with one MUTYH mutant allele is controversial and it remains to be clarified whether the altered functions of this protein may have a pathophysiological involvement in other diseases besides familial gastrointestinal diseases. This review evaluates the role of MUTYH, focusing on current studies of human neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases different to colon polyposis and colorectal cancer. This will provide novel insights into the understanding of the molecular basis underlying MUTYH-related pathogenesis. Furthermore, we describe the association between MUTYH single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and different cancer and non-cancer diseases. We address the utility to increase our knowledge regarding MUTYH in the light of recent advances in the literature with the aim of a better understanding of the potential for identifying new therapeutic targets. Considering the multiple functions and interactions of MUTYH protein, its involvement in pathologies based on oxidative stress damage could be hypothesized. Although the development of extraintestinal cancer in MUTYH heterozygotes is not completely defined, the risk for malignancies of the duodenum, ovary, and bladder is also increased as well as the onset of benign and malignant endocrine tumors. The presence of MUTYH pathogenic variants is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in sporadic gastric cancer and in salivary gland secretory carcinoma, while its inhibition has been shown to reduce the survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, some MUTYH SNPs have been associated with lung, hepatocellular and cervical cancer risk. An additional role of MUTYH seems to contribute to the prevention of numerous other disorders with an inflammatory/degenerative basis, including neurological and ocular diseases. Finally, it is interesting to note that MUTYH could be a new therapeutic target and future studies will shed light on its specific functions in the prevention of diseases and in the improvement of the chemo-sensitivity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Via dei Vestini 66100, Italy
| | - Teresa Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 98125, Italy
| | - Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Via dei Vestini 66100, Italy
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17
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Repolês BM, Machado CR, Florentino PTV. DNA lesions and repair in trypanosomatids infection. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190163. [PMID: 32236391 PMCID: PMC7197992 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological processes such as bacterial, viral and parasitic infections can generate a plethora of responses such as, but not restricted to, oxidative stress that can be harmful to the host and the pathogen. This stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species produced and antioxidant factors produced in response to the infection. This imbalance can lead to DNA lesions in both infected cells as well as in the pathogen. The effects of the host response on the parasite lead to several kinds of DNA damage, causing alterations in the parasite's metabolism; the reaction and sensitivity of the parasite to these responses are related to the DNA metabolism and life cycle of each parasite. The present review will discuss the survival strategies developed by host cells and Trypanosoma cruzi, focusing on the DNA repair mechanisms of these organisms throughout infection including the relationship between DNA damage, stress response features, and the unique characteristics of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Repolês
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
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18
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Abduljaleel Z, Athar M, Al-Allaf FA, Al-Dehlawi S, Vazquez JR. Association of functional variants and protein-to-protein physical interactions of human MutY homolog linked with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome. Noncoding RNA Res 2020; 4:155-173. [PMID: 32072083 PMCID: PMC7012779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gene MUTYH codes for a DNA glycosylase involved in the repair of oxidative DNA damage. Faulty MUTYH protein activity causes the accumulation of G→T transversions due to unrepaired 8-oxoG:A mismatches. MUTYH germ-line mutations in humans are linked with a recessive form of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and colorectal cancer predisposition. We studied the repair capacity of variants identified in MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) patients. MAP is inherited in an autosomal recessive type due to mutations in MUTYH (Y165C, G382D, P54S, A22V, Q63R, G45D, S136P and N43S), indicating that both copies of the gene become inactivated. However, the parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition may serve as carriers, each harboring one copy of the mutated gene without showing signs or symptoms of MAP. Six protein partners have been associated with MUTYH, four via direct physical interactions, namely, hMSH6, hPCNA, hRPA1, and hAPEX1. We examined, for the first time, specific interactions of these protein partners with MAP-associated MUTYH mutants using molecular dynamics simulations. The approach provided tools for exploration of the conformational energy landscape accessible to protein partners. The investigation also determined the impact before and after energy minimization of protein-protein interactions and binding affinities of MUTYH wild type and mutant forms, as well as the interactions with other proteins. Taken together, this study provided new insights into the role of MUTYH and its interacting proteins in MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainularifeen Abduljaleel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O.Box: 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.,Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box: 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.,Bircham University, Av. Sierra, 2, 28691 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O.Box: 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.,Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box: 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O.Box: 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.,Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box: 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saied Al-Dehlawi
- The Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health (MOH), P.O. Box: 6251, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose R Vazquez
- Bircham University, Av. Sierra, 2, 28691 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Rasool M, Pushparaj PN, Mirza Z, Imran Naseer M, Abusamra H, Alquaiti M, Shaabad M, Sibiany AMS, Gauthaman K, Al-Qahtani MH, Karim S. Array comparative genomic hybridization based identification of key genetic alterations at 2p21-p16.3 (MSH2, MSH6, EPCAM), 3p23-p14.2 (MLH1), 7p22.1 (PMS2) and 1p34.1-p33 (MUTYH) regions in hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:157-162. [PMID: 31889830 PMCID: PMC6933242 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant mode. Lynch syndrome is caused by impairment of one or more of the various genes (most frequently MLH1 and MSH2) involved in mismatch repair. In this study, whole genome comparative genomic hybridization array (array CGH) based genomic analysis was performed on twelve Saudi Lynch syndrome patients. A total of 124 chromosomal alterations (structural loss) were identified at mean log2 ratio cut off value of ±0.25. We also found structural loss in 2p21-p16.3, 3p23-p14.2, 7p22.1 and 1p34.1-p33 regions. These findings were subsequently validated by real time quantitative PCR showing downregulation of MSH2, MSH6, EPCAM, MLH1, PMS2 and MUTYH genes. These findings shall help in establishing database for alterations in mismatch repair genes underlying Lynch syndrome in Saudi population as well as to determine the incidence ratio of these disorders. Guided counselling will subsequently lead to the prevention and eradication of Lynch Syndrome in the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Mirza
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Abusamra
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alquaiti
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Shaabad
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kalamegam Gauthaman
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hussein Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: CEGMR, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Lorca V, Garre P. Current status of the genetic susceptibility in attenuated adenomatous polyposis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:1101-1114. [PMID: 31908716 PMCID: PMC6937445 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i12.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis (AP) is classified according to cumulative adenoma number in classical AP (CAP) and attenuated AP (AAP). Genetic susceptibility is the major risk factor in CAP due to mutations in the known high predisposition genes APC and MUTYH. However, the contribution of genetic susceptibility to AAP is lower and less understood. New predisposition genes have been recently proposed, and some of them have been validated, but their scarcity hinders accurate risk estimations and prevalence calculations. AAP is a heterogeneous condition in terms of severity, clinical features and heritability. Therefore, clinicians do not have strong discriminating criteria for the recommendation of the genetic study of known predisposition genes, and the detection rate is low. Elucidation and knowledge of new AAP high predisposition genes are of great importance to offer accurate genetic counseling to the patient and family members. This review aims to update the genetic knowledge of AAP, and to expound the difficulties involved in the genetic analysis of a highly heterogeneous condition such as AAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Lorca
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Oncología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Pilar Garre
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
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21
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Kdissa A, Brusgaard K, Ksiaa M, Golli L, Hallara O, Ousager LB, Manoubi W, Seghaier RB, Adala L, Halleb Y, Saad A, Hmila F, Gribaa M. c.1227_1228dupGG (p.Glu410Glyfs), a frequent variant in Tunisian patients with MUTYH associated polyposis. Cancer Genet 2019; 240:45-53. [PMID: 31739127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant-inherited disease caused by germline variants in the APC gene. It is characterized by the development of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps in colon and rectum. Recently, biallelic germline variants in the base excision repair (BER) gene: MUTYH have been identified in patients with attenuated FAP and/or negative APC result. It can be responsible for an autosomal recessive inherited colorectal cancer syndrome (MAP syndrome: MUTYH-associated polyposis). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate germline variants of MUTYH gene in Tunisian patients with attenuated FAP. METHODS thirteen unrelated patients from Tunisia with attenuated FAP were screened for MUTYH germline variants. Direct sequencing was performed to identify point variants in this gene. RESULTS A Biallelic MUTYH germline variant were found in all patients and showed an attenuated polyposis phenotype almost of them without extra-colic manifestations: The known pathogenic frameshift variant c.1227_1228dupGG (p. Glu410Glyfs) was found, in homozygous state, in 13 index patients. CONCLUSION Patients with attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (<=100) and no obvious vertical transmission of the disease should be considered for MUTYH gene testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameni Kdissa
- Cytogenetic, Molecular Genetics and Human Reproduction Biology - FARHAT HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Klaus Brusgaard
- Amplexa Genetics A/S, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Medical Genetics, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Mahdi Ksiaa
- Department of gastroenterology, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Golli
- Private cabinet of gastroenterology, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Hallara
- Department of gastroenterology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Wiem Manoubi
- Cytogenetic, Molecular Genetics and Human Reproduction Biology - FARHAT HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Ben Seghaier
- Cytogenetic, Molecular Genetics and Human Reproduction Biology - FARHAT HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Labiba Adala
- Cytogenetic, Molecular Genetics and Human Reproduction Biology - FARHAT HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Halleb
- Cytogenetic, Molecular Genetics and Human Reproduction Biology - FARHAT HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ali Saad
- Cytogenetic, Molecular Genetics and Human Reproduction Biology - FARHAT HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Fahmi Hmila
- Department of General Surgery, Farhat Hached, University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Moez Gribaa
- Cytogenetic, Molecular Genetics and Human Reproduction Biology - FARHAT HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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22
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Nelson SR, Kathe SD, Hilzinger TS, Averill AM, Warshaw DM, Wallace SS, Lee AJ. Single molecule glycosylase studies with engineered 8-oxoguanine DNA damage sites show functional defects of a MUTYH polyposis variant. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3058-3071. [PMID: 30698731 PMCID: PMC6451117 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper repair of oxidatively damaged DNA bases is essential to maintain genome stability. 8-Oxoguanine (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoG) is a dangerous DNA lesion because it can mispair with adenine (A) during replication resulting in guanine to thymine transversion mutations. MUTYH DNA glycosylase is responsible for recognizing and removing the adenine from 8-oxoG:adenine (8-oxoG:A) sites. Biallelic mutations in the MUTYH gene predispose individuals to MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), and the most commonly observed mutation in some MAP populations is Y165C. Tyr165 is a ‘wedge’ residue that intercalates into the DNA duplex in the lesion bound state. Here, we utilize single molecule fluorescence microscopy to visualize the real-time search behavior of Escherichia coli and Mus musculus MUTYH WT and wedge variant orthologs on DNA tightropes that contain 8-oxoG:A, 8-oxoG:cytosine, or apurinic product analog sites. We observe that MUTYH WT is able to efficiently find 8-oxoG:A damage and form highly stable bound complexes. In contrast, MUTYH Y150C shows decreased binding lifetimes on undamaged DNA and fails to form a stable lesion recognition complex at damage sites. These findings suggest that MUTYH does not rely upon the wedge residue for damage site recognition, but this residue stabilizes the lesion recognition complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Nelson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Scott D Kathe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Thomas S Hilzinger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - April M Averill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - David M Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Susan S Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Andrea J Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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23
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Boldinova EO, Khairullin RF, Makarova AV, Zharkov DO. Isoforms of Base Excision Repair Enzymes Produced by Alternative Splicing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133279. [PMID: 31277343 PMCID: PMC6651865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcripts of many enzymes involved in base excision repair (BER) undergo extensive alternative splicing, but functions of the corresponding alternative splice variants remain largely unexplored. In this review, we cover the studies describing the common alternatively spliced isoforms and disease-associated variants of DNA glycosylases, AP-endonuclease 1, and DNA polymerase beta. We also discuss the roles of alternative splicing in the regulation of their expression, catalytic activities, and intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafil F Khairullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 9 Parizhskoy Kommuny Str., 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alena V Makarova
- RAS Institute of Molecular Genetics, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry O Zharkov
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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24
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Abstract
7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine (oxoG) is the most abundant oxidative DNA lesion with dual coding properties. It forms both Watson–Crick (anti)oxoG:(anti)C and Hoogsteen (syn)oxoG:(anti)A base pairs without a significant distortion of a B-DNA helix. DNA polymerases bypass oxoG but the accuracy of nucleotide incorporation opposite the lesion varies depending on the polymerase-specific interactions with the templating oxoG and incoming nucleotides. High-fidelity replicative DNA polymerases read oxoG as a cognate base for A while treating oxoG:C as a mismatch. The mutagenic effects of oxoG in the cell are alleviated by specific systems for DNA repair and nucleotide pool sanitization, preventing mutagenesis from both direct DNA oxidation and oxodGMP incorporation. DNA translesion synthesis could provide an additional protective mechanism against oxoG mutagenesis in cells. Several human DNA polymerases of the X- and Y-families efficiently and accurately incorporate nucleotides opposite oxoG. In this review, we address the mutagenic potential of oxoG in cells and discuss the structural basis for oxoG bypass by different DNA polymerases and the mechanisms of the recognition of oxoG by DNA glycosylases and dNTP hydrolases.
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Chen H, Wang H, Liu J, Cheng Q, Chen X, Ye F. Association of the MUTYH Gln324His (CAG/CAC) variant with cervical carcinoma and HR-HPV infection in a Chinese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15359. [PMID: 31027119 PMCID: PMC6831372 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the MUTYH Gln324His (CAG/CAC) genotype and risk of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in a case-control setting. Mismatch amplification-polymerase chain reaction (MA-PCR) was applied to detect the polymorphism in 400 CSCC, 400 CIN III and 1200 control participants. The homozygous His324His (CAC/CAC) genotype of MUTYH was associated with significantly increased risk of CIN III (OR = 1.94) and CSCC (OR = 3.83). Increased risk of CIN III (OR = 1.34) and CSCC (OR = 1.97) was additionally observed with the heterozygous CAG/CAC genotype. Overall, individuals in both CAC/CAC and CAG/CAC genotype groups were at higher risk of cervical carcinoma (CINIII (OR = 1.46) and CSCC (OR = 2.34)). Within the HR-HPV infection-positive group, CAC/CAC and CAG/CAC genotypes were significantly enriched in relation to CIN III and CSCC. Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between the proportion of homozygous CAC/CAC MUTYH genotype and malignant prognostic factors of CSCC, such as cell differentiation grade and lymph node metastasis. These findings clearly highlight associations between the MUTYH Gln324His (CAG/CAC) polymorphism and susceptibility to CSCC, HR-HPV infection and specific prognostic factors, supporting the utility of this variant as an early indicator for patients at high risk of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizeng Chen
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Hanzhi Wang
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Feng Ye
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
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Köger N, Brieger A, Hinrichsen IM, Zeuzem S, Plotz G. Analysis of MUTYH alternative transcript expression, promoter function, and the effect of human genetic variants. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:472-482. [PMID: 30653782 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human DNA repair gene MUTYH, whose mutational loss causes a colorectal polyposis and cancer predisposition, contains three alternative first exons. In order to analyze alternative transcription and the effect of genetic alterations found in humans, we established a cell-based minigene experimental model supporting transcription and splicing and thoroughly verified its functionality. We identified highly conserved promoter areas and inactivated them in the minigene, and also introduced six human variants. Moreover, the potential contribution of CpG island methylation and specific transcription factors on MUTYH transcription was addressed. The findings allowed to attribute regulatory roles to three conserved motifs in the promoter: an M4 motif, a transcription factor IIB recognition element, and a GC box. Moreover, the data showed that three patient variants compromised MUTYH expression and therefore have the potential to cause pathogenic effects. We did not find evidence for a biologically relevant contribution of CpG island methylation or a direct transcriptional activation by DNA damage. Besides insight into the regulation of MUTYH transcription, the work therefore provides a functional MUTYH minigene experimental system suitable as a diagnostic tool for analyzing patient variants, and a functional map of the promotor that also can facilitate pathogenicity classifications of human variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Köger
- Biomedizinisches Forschungslabor, Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Angela Brieger
- Biomedizinisches Forschungslabor, Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Inga M Hinrichsen
- Biomedizinisches Forschungslabor, Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Biomedizinisches Forschungslabor, Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Guido Plotz
- Biomedizinisches Forschungslabor, Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum, Frankfurt, Germany
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Yu S, Yin Y, Wang Q, Wang L. Dual gene deficient models of Apc Min/+ mouse in assessing molecular mechanisms of intestinal carcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:600-609. [PMID: 30243094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ApcMin/+ mouse, carrying an inactivated allele of the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) gene, is a widely used animal model of human colorectal tumorigenesis. While crossed with other gene knockout or knock-in mice, these mice possess advantages in investigation of human intestinal tumorigenesis. Intestinal tumor pathogenesis involves multiple gene alterations; thus, various double gene deficiency models could provide novel insights into molecular mechanisms of tumor biology, as well as gene-gene interactions involved in intestinal tumor development and assessment of novel strategies for preventing and treating intestinal cancer. This review discusses approximately 100 double gene deficient mice and their associated intestinal tumor development and progression phenotypes. The dual gene knockouts based on the Apc mutation background consist of inflammation and immune-related, cell cycle-related, Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related, tumor growth factor (TGF)-signaling-related, drug metabolism-related, and transcription factor genes, as well as some oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Future studies should focus on conditional or inducible dual or multiple mouse gene knockout models to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal tumor development, as well as potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanhui Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Zorcolo L, Fantola G, Balestrino L, Restivo A, Vivanet C, Spina F, Cabras F, Ambu R, Casula G. MUTYH-associated colon disease: Adenomatous polyposis is only one of the possible phenotypes. A family report and literature review. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 97:676-80. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161109700523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims and background The MutY human homologue gene (MUTYH) is responsible for about a quarter of attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis. Occasionally, it has been associated with hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenoma. We report a family where the same MUTYH mutation determined four different phenotypes, including a case of hyperplastic polyposis syndrome. Patients and methods A family with a history of right-sided colon cancer and multiple colonic polyposis was investigated. Genetic tests were correlated with clinical findings to define phenotypic manifestations of MUTYH mutations. The pertinent English-language literature was reviewed to evaluate the risk of malignancy of MUTYH and the role of prophylactic surgery. Results Three male siblings carried a biallelic MUTYH mutation (G382D-exon13), while the fourth was heterozygote. One developed an isolated cecal cancer at the age of 48. Another, aged 38, was diagnosed with numerous minute colonic and rectal polyps and underwent a proctocolectomy, with final pathology showing a picture of hyperplastic and lymphoid polyposis. The third biallelic brother, 46 years old, developed four hyperplastic lesions, while the heterozygote brother had a large flat serrated adenoma of the right colon removed at the age of 50. Conclusion Many aspects of MUTYH mutation still need to be clarified and one of them regards the different phenotypic expressions. Although the majority of reported cases manifested attenuated adenomatous polyposis, hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas appear to be more common than expected. Presenting hyperplastic polyposis syndrome is very unusual and may represent a clinical dilemma for correct management. Current evidence suggests to handle MUTYH-associated polyposis as typical FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Zorcolo
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari
| | - Giovanni Fantola
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari
| | | | - Angelo Restivo
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari
| | | | | | - Francesco Cabras
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari
| | - Rossano Ambu
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Casula
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous triat that involves both environmental and genetic factors. Genetic mutations of MUTYH (p.Y179C and p.G396D) have been reported to be associated with increased risk of CRC among several ethnic populations. The aim of this work is to assess the association of the monoallelic MUTYH mutations (p.Y179C and p.G396D) with increased risk of CRC among Egyptian patients. This study included 120 unrelated CRC Egyptian patients who were compared with 100 healthy controls from the same locality. For all individuals, DNA was genotyped for MUTYH p.Y179C and MUTYH p.G396D mutations using the T-ARMS-PCR technique. The frequencies of monoallelic MUTYH mutations showed a strong association with the increased risk of CRC among Egyptian patients compared with controls (12.5 vs. 4.0 %, OR = 3.49, 95 % CI = 1.12-10.90, P = 0.03). Moreover, the frequency of MUTYH p.Y179C mutation was noted to be significantly higher among CRC patients compared to controls rather than MUTYH p.G396D mutation. Interestingly, CRC patients with tumors in the right side colon showed an evidence for association with the MUTYH p.Y179C mutation compared with tumors in the left side colon (p = 0.01). MUTYH p.Y179C mutation was associated with an increased risk of CRC among Egyptian patients rather than MUTYH p.G396D mutation.
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Manlove AH, McKibbin PL, Doyle EL, Majumdar C, Hamm ML, David SS. Structure-Activity Relationships Reveal Key Features of 8-Oxoguanine: A Mismatch Detection by the MutY Glycosylase. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2335-2344. [PMID: 28723094 PMCID: PMC5603899 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Base excision repair
glycosylases locate and remove damaged bases
in DNA with remarkable specificity. The MutY glycosylases, unusual
for their excision of undamaged adenines mispaired to the oxidized
base 8-oxoguanine (OG), must recognize both bases of the mispair in
order to prevent promutagenic activity. Moreover, MutY must effectively
find OG:A mismatches within the context of highly abundant and structurally
similar T:A base pairs. Very little is known about the factors that
initiate MutY’s interaction with the substrate when it first
encounters an intrahelical OG:A mispair, or about the order of recognition
checkpoints. Here, we used structure–activity relationships
(SAR) to investigate the features that influence the in vitro measured parameters of mismatch affinity and adenine base excision
efficiency by E. coli MutY. We also evaluated the
impacts of the same substrate alterations on MutY-mediated repair
in a cellular context. Our results show that MutY relies strongly
on the presence of the OG base and recognizes multiple structural
features at different stages of recognition and catalysis to ensure
that only inappropriately mispaired adenines are excised. Notably,
some OG modifications resulted in more dramatic reductions in cellular
repair than in the in vitro kinetic parameters, indicating
their importance for initial recognition events needed to locate the
mismatch within DNA. Indeed, the initial encounter of MutY with its
target base pair may rely on specific interactions with the 2-amino
group of OG in the major groove, a feature that distinguishes OG:A
from T:A base pairs. These results furthermore suggest that inefficient
substrate location in human MutY homologue variants may prove predictive
for the early onset colorectal cancer phenotype known as MUTYH-Associated
Polyposis, or MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia H. Manlove
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Paige L. McKibbin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Emily L. Doyle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chandrima Majumdar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michelle L. Hamm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Sheila S. David
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Kakehashi A, Ishii N, Okuno T, Fujioka M, Gi M, Wanibuchi H. Enhanced Susceptibility of Ogg1 Mutant Mice to Multiorgan Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081801. [PMID: 28820464 PMCID: PMC5578188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of deficiency of oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (Ogg1) Mmh homolog, a repair enzyme of the 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) residue in DNA, was investigated using the multiorgan carcinogenesis bioassay in mice. A total of 80 male and female six-week-old mice of C57BL/6J background carrying a mutant Mmh allele of the Mmh/Ogg1 gene (Ogg1−/−) and wild type (Ogg1+/+) mice were administered N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN), N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (DHPN) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) (DMBDD) to induce carcinogenesis in multiple organs, and observed up to 34 weeks. Significant increase of lung adenocarcinomas incidence was observed in DMBDD-treated Ogg1−/− male mice, but not in DMBDD-administered Ogg1+/+ animals. Furthermore, incidences of lung adenomas were significantly elevated in both Ogg1−/− males and females as compared with respective Ogg1−/− control and DMBDD-treated Ogg1+/+ groups. Incidence of total liver tumors (hepatocellular adenomas, hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas) was significantly higher in the DMBDD-administered Ogg1−/− males and females. In addition, in DMBDD-treated male Ogg1−/− mice, incidences of colon adenomas and total colon tumors showed a trend and a significant increase, respectively, along with significant rise in incidence of simple hyperplasia of the urinary bladder, and a trend to increase for renal tubules hyperplasia in the kidney. Furthermore, incidence of squamous cell hyperplasia in the forestomach of DMBDD-treated Ogg1−/− male mice was significantly higher than that of Ogg1+/+ males. Incidence of small intestine adenomas in DMBDD Ogg1−/− groups showed a trend for increase, as compared to the wild type mice. The current results demonstrated increased susceptibility of Ogg1 mutant mice to the multiorgan carcinogenesis induced by DMBDD. The present bioassay could become a useful tool to examine the influence of various targets on mouse carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Naomi Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Okuno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Masaki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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Progression of Hepatic Adenoma to Carcinoma in Ogg1 Mutant Mice Induced by Phenobarbital. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8541064. [PMID: 28785378 PMCID: PMC5530452 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8541064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The carcinogenic potential of phenobarbital (PB) was assessed in a mouse line carrying a mutant Mmh allele of the Mmh/Ogg1 gene encoding the enzyme oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (Ogg1) responsible for the repair of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Mmh homozygous mutant (Ogg1−/−) and wild-type (Ogg1+/+) male and female, 10-week-old, mice were treated with 500 ppm PB in diet for 78 weeks. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were found in PB-treated Ogg1−/− mice, while Ogg1+/+ animals developed only hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) at the same rate. This was coordinated with PB-induced significant elevation of 8-OHdG formation in DNA and cell proliferation in adjacent liver of Ogg1−/− mice. Proteome analysis predicted activation of transcriptional factor Nrf2 in the livers and HCAs of PB-administered Ogg1+/+ mice; however, its activation was insufficient or absent in the livers and HCCs of Ogg1−/− mice, respectively. Significant elevation of phase I and II metabolizing enzymes was demonstrated in both Ogg1−/− and Ogg1+/+ animals. Treatment of Ogg1−/− mice with PB resulted in significant elevation of cell proliferation in the liver. These results indicate that PB induced progression from HCA to HCC in Ogg1−/− mice, due to persistent accumulation of DNA oxidative base modifications and suppression of Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response, resulting in significant elevation of cell proliferation.
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Banda DM, Nuñez NN, Burnside MA, Bradshaw KM, David SS. Repair of 8-oxoG:A mismatches by the MUTYH glycosylase: Mechanism, metals and medicine. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:202-215. [PMID: 28087410 PMCID: PMC5457711 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may infringe on the passing of pristine genetic information by inducing DNA inter- and intra-strand crosslinks, protein-DNA crosslinks, and chemical alterations to the sugar or base moieties of DNA. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the most prevalent DNA lesions formed by RONS and is repaired through the base excision repair (BER) pathway involving the DNA repair glycosylases OGG1 and MUTYH in eukaryotes. MUTYH removes adenine (A) from 8-oxoG:A mispairs, thus mitigating the potential of G:C to T:A transversion mutations from occurring in the genome. The paramount role of MUTYH in guarding the genome is well established in the etiology of a colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome involving variants of MUTYH, referred to as MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP). In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding how MUTYH structure and related function participate in the manifestation of human disease such as MAP. Here we focus on the importance of MUTYH's metal cofactor sites, including a recently discovered "Zinc linchpin" motif, as well as updates to the catalytic mechanism. Finally, we touch on the insight gleaned from studies with MAP-associated MUTYH variants and recent advances in understanding the multifaceted roles of MUTYH in the cell, both in the prevention of mutagenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Banda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Nicole N Nuñez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Michael A Burnside
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Katie M Bradshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Sheila S David
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Wang X, Shojaie A, Zhang Y, Shelley D, Lampe PD, Levy L, Peters U, Potter JD, White E, Lampe JW. Exploratory plasma proteomic analysis in a randomized crossover trial of aspirin among healthy men and women. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178444. [PMID: 28542447 PMCID: PMC5444835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term use of aspirin is associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer and other cancers; however, the mechanism of chemopreventive effect of aspirin is not fully understood. Animal studies suggest that COX-2, NFκB signaling and Wnt/β-catenin pathways may play a role, but no clinical trials have systematically evaluated the biological response to aspirin in healthy humans. Using a high-density antibody array, we assessed the difference in plasma protein levels after 60 days of regular dose aspirin (325 mg/day) compared to placebo in a randomized double-blinded crossover trial of 44 healthy non-smoking men and women, aged 21-45 years. The plasma proteome was analyzed on an antibody microarray with ~3,300 full-length antibodies, printed in triplicate. Moderated paired t-tests were performed on individual antibodies, and gene-set analyses were performed based on KEGG and GO pathways. Among the 3,000 antibodies analyzed, statistically significant differences in plasma protein levels were observed for nine antibodies after adjusting for false discoveries (FDR adjusted p-value<0.1). The most significant protein was succinate dehydrogenase subunit C (SDHC), a key enzyme complex of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The other statistically significant proteins (NR2F1, MSI1, MYH1, FOXO1, KHDRBS3, NFKBIE, LYZ and IKZF1) are involved in multiple pathways, including DNA base-pair repair, inflammation and oncogenic pathways. None of the 258 KEGG and 1,139 GO pathways was found to be statistically significant after FDR adjustment. This study suggests several chemopreventive mechanisms of aspirin in humans, which have previously been reported to play a role in anti- or pro-carcinogenesis in cell systems; however, larger, confirmatory studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ali Shojaie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Shelley
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lisa Levy
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John D. Potter
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Emily White
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is a key genome maintenance pathway that removes endogenously damaged DNA bases that arise in cells at very high levels on a daily basis. Failure to remove these damaged DNA bases leads to increased levels of mutagenesis and chromosomal instability, which have the potential to drive carcinogenesis. Next-generation sequencing of the germline and tumor genomes of thousands of individuals has uncovered many rare mutations in BER genes. Given that BER is critical for genome maintenance, it is important to determine whether BER genomic variants have functional phenotypes. In this chapter, we present our in silico methods for the identification and prioritization of BER variants for further study. We also provide detailed instructions and commentary on the initial cellular assays we employ to dissect potentially important phenotypes of human BER variants and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of our approaches. BER variants possessing interesting functional phenotypes can then be studied in more detail to provide important mechanistic insights regarding the role of aberrant BER in carcinogenesis.
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Nakatake S, Murakami Y, Ikeda Y, Morioka N, Tachibana T, Fujiwara K, Yoshida N, Notomi S, Hisatomi T, Yoshida S, Ishibashi T, Nakabeppu Y, Sonoda KH. MUTYH promotes oxidative microglial activation and inherited retinal degeneration. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e87781. [PMID: 27699246 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an inherited disease that causes blindness. The biological and cellular mechanisms by which oxidative stress mediates neuronal cell death are largely unknown. In a mouse model of RP (rd10 mice), we show that oxidative DNA damage activates microglia through MutY homolog-mediated (MUYTH-mediated) base excision repair (BER), thereby exacerbating retinal inflammation and degeneration. In the early stage of retinal degeneration, oxidative DNA damage accumulated in the microglia and caused single-strand breaks (SSBs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. In contrast, Mutyh deficiency in rd10 mice prevented SSB formation in microglia, which in turn suppressed microglial activation and photoreceptor cell death. Moreover, Mutyh-deficient primary microglial cells attenuated the polarization to the inflammatory and cytotoxic phenotype under oxidative stress. Thus, MUTYH-mediated BER in oxidative microglial activation may be a novel target to dampen the disease progression in RP and other neurodegenerative disorders that are associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Nakatake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Morioka
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tachibana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohta Fujiwara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Akita University, Hondo, Akita, Japan
| | - Noriko Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoji Notomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Letters. THE ULSTER MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 85:203-210. [PMID: 27698525 PMCID: PMC5031110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Burak MJ, Guja KE, Hambardjieva E, Derkunt B, Garcia-Diaz M. A fidelity mechanism in DNA polymerase lambda promotes error-free bypass of 8-oxo-dG. EMBO J 2016; 35:2045-59. [PMID: 27481934 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
8-oxo-7,8-dihydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) has high mutagenic potential as it is prone to mispair with deoxyadenine (dA). In order to maintain genomic integrity, post-replicative 8-oxo-dG:dA mispairs are removed through DNA polymerase lambda (Pol λ)-dependent MUTYH-initiated base excision repair (BER). Here, we describe seven novel crystal structures and kinetic data that fully characterize 8-oxo-dG bypass by Pol λ. We demonstrate that Pol λ has a flexible active site that can tolerate 8-oxo-dG in either the anti- or syn-conformation. Importantly, we show that discrimination against the pro-mutagenic syn-conformation occurs at the extension step and identify the residue responsible for this selectivity. This residue acts as a kinetic switch, shunting repair toward long-patch BER upon correct dCMP incorporation, thus enhancing repair efficiency. Moreover, this switch also provides a potential mechanism to increase repair fidelity of MUTYH-initiated BER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Burak
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kip E Guja
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Elena Hambardjieva
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Burak Derkunt
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Shen Y, McMackin MZ, Shan Y, Raetz A, David S, Cortopassi G. Frataxin Deficiency Promotes Excess Microglial DNA Damage and Inflammation that Is Rescued by PJ34. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151026. [PMID: 26954031 PMCID: PMC4783034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An inherited deficiency in the frataxin protein causes neurodegeneration of the dorsal root ganglia and Friedreich's ataxia (FA). Frataxin deficiency leads to oxidative stress and inflammatory changes in cell and animal models; however, the cause of the inflammatory changes, and especially what causes brain microglial activation is unclear. Here we investigated: 1) the mechanism by which frataxin deficiency activates microglia, 2) whether a brain-localized inflammatory stimulus provokes a greater microglial response in FA animal models, and 3) whether an anti-inflammatory treatment improves their condition. Intracerebroventricular administration of LPS induced higher amounts of microglial activation in the FA mouse model vs controls. We also observed an increase in oxidative damage in the form of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-G) and the DNA repair proteins MUTYH and PARP-1 in cerebellar microglia of FA mutant mice. We hypothesized that frataxin deficiency increases DNA damage and DNA repair genes specifically in microglia, activating them. siRNA-mediated frataxin knockdown in microglial BV2 cells clearly elevated DNA damage and the expression of DNA repair genes MUTYH and PARP-1. Frataxin knockdown also induced a higher level of PARP-1 in MEF cells, and this was suppressed in MUTYH-/- knockout cells. Administration of the PARP-1 inhibitor PJ34 attenuated the microglial activation induced by intracerebroventricular injection of LPS. The combined administration of LPS and angiotensin II provoke an even stronger activation of microglia and neurobehavioral impairment. PJ34 treatment attenuated the neurobehavioral impairments in FA mice. These results suggest that the DNA repair proteins MUTYH and PARP-1 may form a pathway regulating microglial activation initiated by DNA damage, and inhibition of microglial PARP-1 induction could be an important therapeutic target in Friedreich's ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Marissa Z. McMackin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Yuxi Shan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Alan Raetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Sheila David
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
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Rashid M, Fischer A, Wilson CH, Tiffen J, Rust AG, Stevens P, Idziaszczyk S, Maynard J, Williams GT, Mustonen V, Sampson JR, Adams DJ. Adenoma development in familial adenomatous polyposis and MUTYH-associated polyposis: somatic landscape and driver genes. J Pathol 2015; 238:98-108. [PMID: 26414517 PMCID: PMC4832337 DOI: 10.1002/path.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and MUTYH‐associated polyposis (MAP) are inherited disorders associated with multiple colorectal adenomas that lead to a very high risk of colorectal cancer. The somatic mutations that drive adenoma development in these conditions have not been investigated comprehensively. In this study we performed analysis of paired colorectal adenoma and normal tissue DNA from individuals with FAP or MAP, sequencing 14 adenoma whole exomes (eight MAP, six FAP), 55 adenoma targeted exomes (33 MAP, 22 FAP) and germline DNA from each patient, and a further 63 adenomas by capillary sequencing (41 FAP, 22 MAP). With these data we examined the profile of mutated genes, the mutational signatures and the somatic mutation rates, observing significant diversity in the constellations of mutated driver genes in different adenomas, and loss‐of‐function mutations in WTX (9%; p < 9.99e‐06), a gene implicated in regulation of the WNT pathway and p53 acetylation. These data extend our understanding of the early events in colorectal tumourigenesis in the polyposis syndromes. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamunur Rashid
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrej Fischer
- Population Genomics of Adaptation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cathy H Wilson
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessamy Tiffen
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alistair G Rust
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip Stevens
- The Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shelley Idziaszczyk
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK
| | - Julie Maynard
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK
| | - Geraint T Williams
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK
| | - Ville Mustonen
- Population Genomics of Adaptation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian R Sampson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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41
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Wang L, Lee SJ, Verdine GL. Structural Basis for Avoidance of Promutagenic DNA Repair by MutY Adenine DNA Glycosylase. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17096-105. [PMID: 25995449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.657866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly mutagenic A:oxoG (8-oxoguanine) base pair in DNA most frequently arises by aberrant replication of the primary oxidative lesion C:oxoG. This lesion is particularly insidious because neither of its constituent nucleobases faithfully transmit genetic information from the original C:G base pair. Repair of A:oxoG is initiated by adenine DNA glycosylase, which catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of the aberrant A nucleobase from the DNA backbone. These enzymes, MutY in bacteria and MUTYH in humans, scrupulously avoid processing of C:oxoG because cleavage of the C residue in C:oxoG would actually promote mutagenic conversion to A:oxoG. Here we analyze the structural basis for rejection of C:oxoG by MutY, using a synthetic crystallography approach to capture the enzyme in the process of inspecting the C:oxoG anti-substrate, with which it ordinarily binds only fleetingly. We find that MutY uses two distinct strategies to avoid presentation of C to the enzyme active site. Firstly, MutY possesses an exo-site that serves as a decoy for C, and secondly, repulsive forces with a key active site residue prevent stable insertion of C into the nucleobase recognition pocket within the enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Seung-Joo Lee
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Gregory L Verdine
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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42
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Khan S. Potential role of Escherichia coli DNA mismatch repair proteins in colon cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:475-82. [PMID: 26014615 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelium of gastrointestinal tract organizes many innate defense systems against microbial intruders such as integrity of epithelial, rapid eviction of infected cells, quick turnover of epithelial cell, intrinsic immune responses and autophagy. However, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are equipped with well developed infectious tricks that evade the host defense systems and utilize the gastrointestinal epithelium as a multiplicative foothold. During multiplication on and within the epithelium, EPEC secrete various toxins that can weaken, usurp, and use many host cellular systems. However, the possible mechanisms of pathogenesis are still poorly elusive. Recent study reveals the existence of EPEC in colorectal cancer patients and their potential role in depletion of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins of host cell in colonic cell lines. The EPEC colonised intracellularly in colon mucosa of colorectal carcinoma whereas extracellular strain was detected in mucosa of normal colon cells. Interestingly, alteration in MutS, MutL complexes and MUTYH of mammalian cells may be involved in development of CRC. These data propose that MMR of E. coli may be potential therapeutic targets and early detection biomarkers for CRC. This article reviews the potential role of E. coli MutS, MutL and MutY protein in CRC aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanavaj Khan
- Nanomedicine & Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Leoz ML, Carballal S, Moreira L, Ocaña T, Balaguer F. The genetic basis of familial adenomatous polyposis and its implications for clinical practice and risk management. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2015; 8:95-107. [PMID: 25931827 PMCID: PMC4404874 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s51484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited disorder that represents the most common gastrointestinal polyposis syndrome. Germline mutations in the APC gene were initially identified as responsible for FAP, and later, several studies have also implicated the MUTYH gene as responsible for this disease, usually referred to as MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP). FAP and MAP are characterized by the early onset of multiple adenomatous colorectal polyps, a high lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and in some patients the development of extracolonic manifestations. The goal of colorectal management in these patients is to prevent CRC mortality through endoscopic and surgical approaches. Individuals with FAP and their relatives should receive appropriate genetic counseling and join surveillance programs when indicated. This review is focused on the description of the main clinical and genetic aspects of FAP associated with germline APC mutations and MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Liz Leoz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teresa Ocaña
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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44
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Sharbeen G, McCarroll J, Goldstein D, Phillips PA. Exploiting base excision repair to improve therapeutic approaches for pancreatic cancer. Front Nutr 2015; 2:10. [PMID: 25988138 PMCID: PMC4428371 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly chemoresistant and metastatic disease with a dismal 5-year survival rate of 6%. More effective therapeutic targets and approaches are urgently needed to tackle this devastating disease. The base excision repair (BER) pathway has been identified as a predictor of therapeutic response, prognostic factor, and therapeutic target in a variety of cancers. This review will discuss our current understanding of BER in PDA and its potential to improve PDA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Joshua McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Phoebe A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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45
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Yang L, Huang XE, Xu L, Zhou JN, Yu DS, Zhou X, Li DZ, Guan X. Role of MYH polymorphisms in sporadic colorectal cancer in China: a case-control, population-based study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:6403-9. [PMID: 24377541 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biallelic germline variants of the 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OG) repair gene MYH have been associated with colorectal neoplasms that display somatic G:C?T:A transversions. However, the effect of single germline variants has not been widely studied, prompting the present investigation of monoallelic MYH variants and susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) in a Chinese population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2006 and December 2012, 400 cases of sporadic CRC and 600 age- and sex-matched normal blood donors were screened randomly for 7 potentially pathogenic germline MYH exons using genetic testing technology. Variants of heterozygosity at the MYH locus were assessed in both sporadic cancer patients and healthy controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk factors for cancer onset. RESULTS Five monoallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the 7 exon regions of MYH, which were detected in 75 (18.75%) of 400 CRC patients as well as 42 (7%) of 600 normal controls. The region of exon 1 proved to be a linked polymorphic region for the first time, a triple linked variant including exon 1-316 G?A, exon 1-292 G?A and intron 1+11 C?T, being identified in 13 CRC patients and 2 normal blood donors. A variant of base replacement, intron 10-2 A?G, was identified in the exon 10 region in 21 cases and 7 controls, while a similar type of variant in the exon 13 region, intron 13+12 C?T, was identified in 8 cases and 6 controls. Not the only but a newly missense variant in the present study, p. V463E (Exon 14+74 T?A), was identified in exon 14 in 6 patients and 1 normal control. In exon 16, nt. 1678-80 del GTT with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was identified in 27 CRC cases and 26 controls. There was no Y165C in exon 7 or G382D in exon 14, the hot- spot variants which have been reported most frequently in Caucasian studies. After univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, the linked variant in exon 1 region (p=0.002), intron 10-2 A?G (p=0.004) and p. V463E (p=0.036) in the MYH gene were selected as 3 independent risk factors for CRC. CONCLUSIONS According to these results, the linked variant in Exon 1 region, Intron 10-2 A?G of base replacement and p. V463E of missense variant, the 3 heterozygosity variants of MYH gene in a Chinese population, may relate to the susceptibility to sporadic CRC. Lack of the hot-spot variants of Caucasians in the present study may due to the ethnic difference in MYH gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, the Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China E-mail : ,
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46
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Oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair in cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 763:212-45. [PMID: 25795122 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidatively induced DNA damage is caused in living organisms by endogenous and exogenous reactive species. DNA lesions resulting from this type of damage are mutagenic and cytotoxic and, if not repaired, can cause genetic instability that may lead to disease processes including carcinogenesis. Living organisms possess DNA repair mechanisms that include a variety of pathways to repair multiple DNA lesions. Mutations and polymorphisms also occur in DNA repair genes adversely affecting DNA repair systems. Cancer tissues overexpress DNA repair proteins and thus develop greater DNA repair capacity than normal tissues. Increased DNA repair in tumors that removes DNA lesions before they become toxic is a major mechanism for development of resistance to therapy, affecting patient survival. Accumulated evidence suggests that DNA repair capacity may be a predictive biomarker for patient response to therapy. Thus, knowledge of DNA protein expressions in normal and cancerous tissues may help predict and guide development of treatments and yield the best therapeutic response. DNA repair proteins constitute targets for inhibitors to overcome the resistance of tumors to therapy. Inhibitors of DNA repair for combination therapy or as single agents for monotherapy may help selectively kill tumors, potentially leading to personalized therapy. Numerous inhibitors have been developed and are being tested in clinical trials. The efficacy of some inhibitors in therapy has been demonstrated in patients. Further development of inhibitors of DNA repair proteins is globally underway to help eradicate cancer.
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47
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Oka S, Leon J, Tsuchimoto D, Sakumi K, Nakabeppu Y. MUTYH, an adenine DNA glycosylase, mediates p53 tumor suppression via PARP-dependent cell death. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e121. [PMID: 25310643 PMCID: PMC4216901 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p53-regulated caspase-independent cell death has been implicated in suppression of tumorigenesis, however, the regulating mechanisms are poorly understood. We previously reported that 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) accumulation in nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA triggers two distinct caspase-independent cell death through buildup of single-strand DNA breaks by MutY homolog (MUTYH), an adenine DNA glycosylase. One pathway depends on poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the other depends on calpains. Deficiency of MUTYH causes MUTYH-associated familial adenomatous polyposis. MUTYH thereby suppresses tumorigenesis not only by avoiding mutagenesis, but also by inducing cell death. Here, we identified the functional p53-binding site in the human MUTYH gene and demonstrated that MUTYH is transcriptionally regulated by p53, especially in the p53/DNA mismatch repair enzyme, MLH1-proficient colorectal cancer-derived HCT116+Chr3 cells. MUTYH-small interfering RNA, an inhibitor for p53 or PARP suppressed cell death without an additive effect, thus revealing that MUTYH is a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression, which is known to be upregulated by MLH1. Moreover, we found that the p53-proficient, mismatch repair protein, MLH1-proficient colorectal cancer cell line express substantial levels of MUTYH in nuclei but not in mitochondria, suggesting that 8-oxoG accumulation in nDNA triggers MLH1/PARP-dependent cell death. These results provide new insights on the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis and potential new strategies for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oka
- 1] Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan [2] Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - J Leon
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - D Tsuchimoto
- 1] Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan [2] Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Sakumi
- 1] Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan [2] Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Nakabeppu
- 1] Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan [2] Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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48
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de Oliveira AHS, da Silva AE, de Oliveira IM, Henriques JAP, Agnez-Lima LF. MutY-glycosylase: an overview on mutagenesis and activities beyond the GO system. Mutat Res 2014; 769:119-31. [PMID: 25771731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MutY is a glycosylase known for its role in DNA base excision repair (BER). It is critically important in the prevention of DNA mutations derived from 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which are the major lesions resulting from guanine oxidation. MutY has been described as a DNA repair enzyme in the GO system responsible for removing adenine residues misincorporated in 8-oxoG:A mispairs, avoiding G:C to T:A mutations. Further studies have shown that this enzyme binds to other mispairs, interacts with several enzymes, avoids different transversions/transitions in DNA, and is involved in different repair pathways. Additional activities have been reported for MutY, such as the repair of replication errors in newly synthesized DNA strands through its glycosylase activity. Moreover, MutY is a highly conserved enzyme present in several prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. MutY defects are associated with a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome termed MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP). Here, we have reviewed the roles of MutY in the repair of mispaired bases in DNA as well as its activities beyond the GO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Helena Sales de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Acarízia Eduardo da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Iuri Marques de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Pegas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Nakabeppu Y. Cellular levels of 8-oxoguanine in either DNA or the nucleotide pool play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis and survival of cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12543-57. [PMID: 25029543 PMCID: PMC4139859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
8-Oxoguanine, a major oxidized base lesion formed by reactive oxygen species, causes G to T transversion mutations or leads to cell death in mammals if it accumulates in DNA. 8-Oxoguanine can originate as 8-oxo-dGTP, formed in the nucleotide pool, or by direct oxidation of the DNA guanine base. MTH1, also known as NUDT1, with 8-oxo-dGTP hydrolyzing activity, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) an 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase, and MutY homolog (MUTYH) with adenine DNA glycosylase activity, minimize the accumulation of 8-oxoG in DNA; deficiencies in these enzymes increase spontaneous and induced tumorigenesis susceptibility. However, different tissue types have different tumorigenesis susceptibilities. These can be reversed by combined deficiencies in the defense systems, because cell death induced by accumulation of 8-oxoG in DNA is dependent on MUTYH, which can be suppressed by MTH1 and OGG1. In cancer cells encountering high oxidative stress levels, a high level of 8-oxo-dGTP accumulates in the nucleotide pool, and cells therefore express increased levels of MTH1 in order to eliminate 8-oxo-dGTP. Suppression of MTH1 may be an efficient strategy for killing cancer cells; however, because MTH1 and OGG1 protect normal tissues from oxidative-stress-induced cell death, it is important that MTH1 inhibition does not increase the risk of healthy tissue degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, and Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Jalland CMO, Benestad SL, Ersdal C, Scheffler K, Suganthan R, Nakabeppu Y, Eide L, Bjørås M, Tranulis MA. Accelerated clinical course of prion disease in mice compromised in repair of oxidative DNA damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:1-7. [PMID: 24296244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms of prion-induced neurotoxicity are largely unknown. Here, we have studied the role of DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species in a mouse scrapie model by characterizing prion disease in the ogg1(-/-)mutyh(-/-) double knockout, which is compromised in oxidative DNA base excision repair. Ogg1 initiates removal of the major oxidation product 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in DNA, and Mutyh initiates removal of adenine that has been misincorporated opposite 8-oxoG. Our data show that the onset of clinical signs appeared unaffected by Mutyh and Ogg1 expression. However, the ogg1(-/-)mutyh(-/-) mice displayed a significantly shorter clinical phase of the disease. Thus, accumulation of oxidative DNA damage might be of particular importance in the terminal clinical phase of prion disease. The prion-induced pathology and lesion profile were similar between knockout mice and controls. The fragmentation pattern of protease-resistant PrP as revealed in Western blots was also identical between the groups. Our data show that the fundamentals of prion propagation and pathological manifestation are not influenced by the oxidative DNA damage repair mechanisms studied here, but that progressive accumulation of oxidative lesions may accelerate the final toxic phase of prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilie Ersdal
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katja Scheffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajikala Suganthan
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
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