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Jimenez Rihuete P, Martin C, Villarino NF, Rubio‐Martínez LM. Effect of silica-sprayed collection tubes on synovial fluid bacterial culture. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1501. [PMID: 38923315 PMCID: PMC11196375 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Silica-sprayed tubes (SSTs) are often used to transport synovial fluid samples in equine practice. They promote the coagulation of the sample. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of SST on bacterial culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was divided into two parts: sterile saline (Part A) and synovial fluid (Part B). Four common bacteria associated with equine synovial sepsis were used: Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Three collection tubes were used: STT, plain (no-additives) and brain and heart infusion (BHI) broth. Bacteria were cultured in horse blood agar plates for 48 h. Outcome variables were negative culture, positive culture and total number of colony-forming units (CFUs). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test, and significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The total number of agar plates read was 1557 (779 saline; 778 synovial fluid). Total negative cultures were 25/779 on saline and 3/778 on synovial fluid. In broth, maximum growth CFU was achieved after 8 h for both saline and synovial fluid for all bacteria. S. pyogenesand E. coli produced a significantly lower number of CFU when in SST compared to plain or broth after 4 h, whereas S. aureus (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] and MRSA) only after 24 h. DISCUSSION Silica-containing tubes reduced bacterial proliferation, whereas the use of a BHI broth provided the highest bacterial load in the sample. The use of SST may have a negative effect on bacterial proliferation in samples obtained from clinical cases.
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Ali MM, Silva R, White D, Mohammadi S, Li Y, Capretta A, Brennan JD. A Lateral Flow Test for
Staphylococcus aureus
in Nasal Mucus Using a New DNAzyme as the Recognition Element. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Monsur Ali
- Biointerfaces Institute McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Ryan Silva
- Biointerfaces Institute McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Dawn White
- Biointerfaces Institute McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Biointerfaces Institute McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Alfredo Capretta
- Biointerfaces Institute McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - John D. Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
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3
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Ali MM, Silva R, White D, Mohammadi S, Li Y, Capretta A, Brennan JD. A Lateral Flow Test for Staphylococcus aureus in Nasal Mucus Using a New DNAzyme as the Recognition Element. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112346. [PMID: 34816559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Detection of pathogenic bacteria in complex biological matrices remains a major challenge. Herein, we report the selection and optimization of a new DNAzyme for Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and the use of the DNAzyme to develop a simple lateral flow device (LFD) for detection of SA in nasal mucus. The DNAzyme was generated by in vitro selection using a crude extra/intracellular mixture derived from SA, which could be used directly for simple solution or paper-based fluorescence assays for SA. The DNAzyme was further modified to produce a DNA cleavage fragment that acted as a bridging element to bind DNA-modified gold nanoparticles to the test line of a LFD, producing a simple colorimetric dipstick test. The LFD was evaluated with nasal mucus samples spiked with SA, and demonstrated that SA detection was possible in minutes with minimal sample processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monsur Ali
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ryan Silva
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Dawn White
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alfredo Capretta
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John D Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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4
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Hu H, Liu H, Kweon O, Hart ME. A naturally occurring point mutation in the hyaluronidase gene ( hysA1) of Staphylococcus aureus UAMS-1 results in reduced enzymatic activity. Can J Microbiol 2021; 68:1-13. [PMID: 34520677 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide that is widely distributed in animal tissues. Bacterial hyaluronidases degrade hyaluronic acid as secreted enzymes and have been shown to contribute to infection. Staphylococcus aureus UAMS-1 is a clinical isolate that codes for two hyaluronidases (hysA1 and hysA2). Previous research has shown the presence of a full-length HysA1 protein from the S. aureus UAMS-1 strain with no evidence of enzymatic activity. In this study, the coding and upstream promoter regions of hysA1 from the S. aureus UAMS-1 strain were cloned, sequenced, and compared to the hysA1 gene from the S. aureus Sanger 252 strain. A single base change resulting in an E480G amino acid change was identified in the hysA1 gene from the S. aureus UAMS-1 strain when compared to the hysA1 gene from S. aureus Sanger 252. A plasmid copy of hysA1 from S. aureus Sanger 252 transduced into an S. aureus UAMS-1 hysA2 deletion mutant strain restored near wild-type levels of enzymatic activity. Homology modeling of the HysA1 hyaluronidase was performed with SWISS-MODEL using hyaluronidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae as the template, followed by a series of structural analyses using PyMOL, PLIP, PDBsum, and HOPE servers. This glutamic acid is highly conserved among hyaluronidases from Staphylococcus and other gram-positive bacteria. A series of structural analyses suggested that Glu-480 in HysA1 is critically responsible for maintaining the structural and functional ensemble of the catalytic and tunnel-forming residues, which are essential for enzyme activity. The missense mutation of Glu-480 to Gly introduces a loss of side chain hydrogen bond interactions with key residues Arg-360 and Arg-364, which are responsible for the tunnel topology, resulting in displacement of the substrate from an ideal position for catalysis through a localized conformational change of the active site. There is a high degree of relatedness among several gram-positive bacterial hyaluronidases; the loss of enzymatic activity of HysA1 in the S. aureus UAMS-1 strain is most likely caused by the mutation identified in our study. The role of hyaluronidase in staphylococcal infection and the redundancy of this gene are yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Hu
- Office of Dietary Supplement Programs, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Huanli Liu
- Branch of Microbiology, Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Mark E Hart
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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5
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Luo Y, Joung HA, Esparza S, Rao J, Garner O, Ozcan A. Quantitative particle agglutination assay for point-of-care testing using mobile holographic imaging and deep learning. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3550-3558. [PMID: 34292287 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particle agglutination assays are widely adopted immunological tests that are based on antigen-antibody interactions. Antibody-coated microscopic particles are mixed with a test sample that potentially contains the target antigen, as a result of which the particles form clusters, with a size that is a function of the antigen concentration and the reaction time. Here, we present a quantitative particle agglutination assay that combines mobile lens-free microscopy and deep learning for rapidly measuring the concentration of a target analyte; as its proof-of-concept, we demonstrate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) testing using human serum samples. A dual-channel capillary lateral flow device is designed to host the agglutination reaction using 4 μL of serum sample with a material cost of 1.79 cents per test. A mobile lens-free microscope records time-lapsed inline holograms of the lateral flow device, monitoring the agglutination process over 3 min. These captured holograms are processed, and at each frame the number and area of the particle clusters are automatically extracted and fed into shallow neural networks to predict the CRP concentration. 189 measurements using 88 unique patient serum samples were utilized to train, validate and blindly test our platform, which matched the corresponding ground truth concentrations in the hs-CRP range (0-10 μg mL-1) with an R2 value of 0.912. This computational sensing platform was also able to successfully differentiate very high CRP concentrations (e.g., >10-500 μg mL-1) from the hs-CRP range. This mobile, cost-effective and quantitative particle agglutination assay can be useful for various point-of-care sensing needs and global health related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Sarah Esparza
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jingyou Rao
- Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Omai Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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6
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In Vitro Assay for Quantifying Clumping of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34264458 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1550-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus interacts with fibrinogen in plasma to form macroscopic clumps of cells. A simple and rapid slide agglutination test using rabbit plasma has been employed in clinical labs to distinguish S. aureus from most coagulase-negative Staphylococci. The method described here is a quantitative clumping assay in which S. aureus cells are mixed with either plasma or purified fibrinogen, and clumps are allowed to sediment out of solution. Clearing of the overlying solution is monitored over time by measuring the optical density at 600 nm and comparing these values to the initial turbidity. This simple assay can be used to study regulation and expression of various cell wall-anchored adhesins.
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Rortana C, Nguyen-Viet H, Tum S, Unger F, Boqvist S, Dang-Xuan S, Koam S, Grace D, Osbjer K, Heng T, Sarim S, Phirum O, Sophia R, Lindahl JF. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus in Chicken Meat and Pork from Cambodian Markets. Pathogens 2021; 10:556. [PMID: 34064354 PMCID: PMC8147855 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus are two of the most common foodborne bacteria in animal-source foods (ASF) that cause illness worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and S. aureus in chicken meat and pork in markets in Cambodia. Sampling was done in 52 traditional markets and 6 supermarkets in 25 provinces of Cambodia between October 2018 and August 2019. In total, 532 samples were obtained: chicken meat and pork (n = 408, 204 of each), chicken and pork cutting board swabs (n = 124, 62 of each). All samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. and S. aureus; colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) of coagulase-positive Staphylococci (CPS) were counted, and a subset of samples was also analyzed for the most probable number (MPN, n = 136) of Salmonella. The overall prevalence of Salmonella spp. and S. aureus were 42.1% (224/532) and 29.1% (155/532), respectively, with 14.7% (78/532) of samples containing both bacteria. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in chicken meat was 42.6%, on chicken cutting board it was 41.9%, on pork it was 45.1%, and the pork cutting board 30.6%. Chicken meat had a significantly (p-value < 0.05) higher prevalence of S. aureus, 38.2%, compared to the chicken cutting board, 17.7%, pork 28.9%, and pork cutting board 11.3%. Mean MPN-Salmonella was 10.6 MPN/g in chicken and 11.1 MPN/g in pork samples. Average Log CFU/g of CPS in chicken and pork samples were 2.6 and 2.5, respectively. The results indicate that chicken meat and pork in Cambodia were highly contaminated with Salmonella spp. and S. aureus, posing risks to consumers' health. Urgent interventions are necessary to improve hygiene for safer meat in Cambodian markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chea Rortana
- National of Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 12100, Cambodia; (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.H.); (S.S.); (O.P.); (R.S.)
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (H.N.-V.); (F.U.); (S.D.-X.); (D.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (H.N.-V.); (F.U.); (S.D.-X.); (D.G.)
| | - Sothyra Tum
- National of Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 12100, Cambodia; (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.H.); (S.S.); (O.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Fred Unger
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (H.N.-V.); (F.U.); (S.D.-X.); (D.G.)
| | - Sofia Boqvist
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Sinh Dang-Xuan
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (H.N.-V.); (F.U.); (S.D.-X.); (D.G.)
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Sok Koam
- National of Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 12100, Cambodia; (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.H.); (S.S.); (O.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (H.N.-V.); (F.U.); (S.D.-X.); (D.G.)
- Natural Research Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Kristina Osbjer
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Phnom Penh 12100, Cambodia;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Theng Heng
- National of Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 12100, Cambodia; (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.H.); (S.S.); (O.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Seng Sarim
- National of Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 12100, Cambodia; (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.H.); (S.S.); (O.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Or Phirum
- National of Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 12100, Cambodia; (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.H.); (S.S.); (O.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Roeurn Sophia
- National of Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 12100, Cambodia; (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.H.); (S.S.); (O.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Johanna F. Lindahl
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (H.N.-V.); (F.U.); (S.D.-X.); (D.G.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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Dittmann KK, Chaul LT, Lee SHI, Corassin CH, Fernandes de Oliveira CA, Pereira De Martinis EC, Alves VF, Gram L, Oxaran V. Staphylococcus aureus in Some Brazilian Dairy Industries: Changes of Contamination and Diversity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2049. [PMID: 29123505 PMCID: PMC5662873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a major food-poisoning pathogen, is a common contaminant in dairy industries worldwide, including in Brazil. We determined the occurrence of S. aureus in five dairies in Brazil over 8 months. Of 421 samples, 31 (7.4%) were positive for S. aureus and prevalence varied from 0 to 63.3% between dairies. Sixty-six isolates from the 31 samples were typed by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing to determine if these isolates were persistent or continuously reintroduced. Seven known sequence types (STs), ST1, ST5, ST30, ST97, ST126, ST188 and ST398, and four new ST were identified, ST3531, ST3540, ST3562 and ST3534. Clonal complex (CC) 1 (including the four new ST), known as an epidemic clone, was the dominant CC. However, there were no indications of persistence of particular ST. The resistance toward 11 antibiotic compounds was assessed. Twelve profiles were generated with 75.8% of strains being sensitive to all antibiotic classes and no Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were found. The enterotoxin-encoding genes involved in food-poisoning, e.g., sea, sed, see, and seg were targeted by PCR. The two toxin-encoding genes, sed and see, were not detected. Only three strains (4.5%) harbored seg and two of these also harbored sea. Despite the isolates being Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), the presence of CC1 clones in the processing environment, including some harboring enterotoxin encoding genes, is of concern and hygiene must have high priority to reduce contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K. Dittmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luíza T. Chaul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Sarah H. I. Lee
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. Corassin
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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9
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Beims H, Overmann A, Fulde M, Steinert M, Bergmann S. Isolation of Staphylococcus sciuri from horse skin infection. Open Vet J 2017; 6:242-246. [PMID: 28116248 PMCID: PMC5223282 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus sciuri is known as an opportunistic pathogen colonizing domesticated animals and has also been associated with wound infections in humans. Particularly over the last decade, oxacillin (methicillin) resistant strains had been emerged, which now increase the medical relevance of this species. This report describes the identification of an oxacillin-resistant S. sciuri isolate from a wound infection of a horse. We determined the absence of coagulase and hyaluronidase activity and analysed the antibiotic resistance profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Beims
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Overmann
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Fulde
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Steinert
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Bergmann
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Archana S, Ranganathan R, Dinesh M, Arul P, Ponnuswamy A, Kalaiselvi P, Chellammal S, Subramanian G. Design, synthesis, and antibacterial studies of potent pyrazolinyltriazoles. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Water mediated one-pot synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,3-triazolyl-1,4-dihydropyridine hybrids. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Das B, Mandal D, Dash SK, Chattopadhyay S, Tripathy S, Dolai DP, Dey SK, Roy S. Eugenol Provokes ROS-Mediated Membrane Damage-Associated Antibacterial Activity Against Clinically Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Infect Dis (Lond) 2016; 9:11-9. [PMID: 26917967 PMCID: PMC4756864 DOI: 10.4137/idrt.s31741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, resistance to antibiotics has increased remarkably in Staphylococcus aureus. Vancomycin is the final drug to treat the S. aureus infection, but nowadays, resistance to this antibiotic is also increasing. So, the investigation of antibiotic resistance pattern is important. As there is already resistance to vancomycin, there is an urgent need to develop a new kind of antimicrobial to treat S. aureus infection. Eugenol may be the new drug of choice. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of eugenol against vancomycin-resistant S. aureus isolated from clinical pus samples. Thirty six pus samples were included in the study. Samples were isolated, identified and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed as per routine laboratory protocol. The antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of killing of eugenol were studied. Out of 36 pus samples, only 20 isolates were confirmed as S. aureus strains and 6 isolates exhibited vancomycin resistance. Eugenol successfully destroyed the vancomycin-resistant strains via reactive oxygen species generation and membrane damage. The prevalence of vancomycin resistance is increased day by day in different countries, and necessary steps to prevent the spread and emergence of resistance should be taken. The findings of the study suggested that eugenol might be used to treat vancomycin-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Das
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasis Mandal
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyajit Tripathy
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Durga Pada Dolai
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sankar Kumar Dey
- Department of Physiology, Santal Bidroha Sardha Satabarshiki Mahavidyalaya, Goaltore, Paschim Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Somenath Roy
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Artini M, Cellini A, Papa R, Tilotta M, Scoarughi GL, Gazzola S, Fontana C, Tempera G, Cocconcelli PS, Selan L. Adhesive behaviour and virulence of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from Italian cheeses. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:341-50. [PMID: 26238537 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015593236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) belong to saprophytic microbiota on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals and humans, but are also isolated from foodstuffs such as meat, cheese, and milk. In other circumstances, some CoNS can act as pathogens. Thus the presence of CoNS may not be an immediate danger to public health, but can become a risk factor. In particular antibiotic-resistant genes could be transferred to other potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, CoNS are known to be strong biofilm producers and this is also a risk factor for public health. The aim of the present work was to determine the genotypic and phenotypic profiles of 106 CoNS belonging to four different species isolated from five different Italian cheeses for the presence of some adhesion and virulence features. In order to verify a possible correlation between the formation of biofilm and staphylococcal virulence factors, we checked the presence of adhesin genes by PCR and we investigated the ability of these strains to make biofilm at different temperatures. Furthermore, in some conditions, we analyzed surface proteins and autolytic pattern of selected strains. In conclusion, we checked the presence of norA and mecA genes responsible for fluoroquinolones and methicillin resistance, respectively. We found resistant genes in a proportion of the food isolates in amounts of 9.4% (mecA) and 5.7% (norA). These data support the importance to continuously examine the microbiota not only for the creation of a database but also to safeguard public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health & Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy
| | - Andrea Cellini
- Department of Public Health & Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health & Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy
| | - Marco Tilotta
- Department of Public Health & Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy
| | - Gian Luca Scoarughi
- Department of Public Health & Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy
| | - Simona Gazzola
- Istituto di Microbiologia-CRB, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza Cremona, Italy
| | - Cecilia Fontana
- Istituto di Microbiologia-CRB, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza Cremona, Italy
| | - Gianna Tempera
- Department of Microbiological and Gynecological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Pier Sandro Cocconcelli
- Istituto di Microbiologia-CRB, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza Cremona, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health & Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy
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Misawa Y, Yoshida A, Okugawa S, Moriya K. First reported case of Staphylococcus condimenti infection associated with catheter-related bacteraemia. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 3:18-20. [PMID: 25755886 PMCID: PMC4337941 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a patient who experienced a catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by Staphylococcus condimenti, which was first isolated from soy sauce mash. This is the first reported case of human infection. Although blood culture isolates and the catheter tip tube did not reveal coagulase or clumping factor, false-positive results were obtained from latex agglutination tests for clumping factor and protein A due to self-agglutination. Care is needed when performing only latex agglutination test without a coagulase test. Further studies are needed to determine the pathogenic potential of S. condimenti based on appropriate identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Misawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Yoshida
- Department of Infection Control, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Mibu, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - S Okugawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Moriya
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Sangaraiah N, Murugan S, Poovan S, Raja R, Alagusundaram P, Ramakrishnan V, Vellasamy S. Facile water promoted synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolyl dihydropyrimidine-2-thione hybrids – Highly potent antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:464-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Zhao C, Liu Y, Zhao M, Liu Y, Yu Y, Chen H, Sun Q, Chen H, Jiang W, Liu Y, Han S, Xu Y, Chen M, Cao B, Wang H. Characterization of community acquired Staphylococcus aureus associated with skin and soft tissue infection in Beijing: high prevalence of PVL+ ST398. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38577. [PMID: 22701673 PMCID: PMC3368899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S aureus (CA-MSSA) skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) in China is not well described. A prospective cohort of adults with SSTI was established between January 2009 and August 2010 at 4 hospitals in Beijing. Susceptibility testing and molecular typing, including multilocus sequence typing, spa, agr typing, and toxin detection were assessed for all S. aureus isolates. Overall, 501 SSTI patients were enrolled. Cutaneous abscess (40.7%) was the most common infection, followed by impetigo (6.8%) and cellulitis (4.8%). S. aureus accounted for 32.7% (164/501) of SSTIs. Five isolates (5/164, 3.0%) were CA-MRSA. The most dominant ST in CA-MSSA was ST398 (17.6%). The prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (pvl) gene was 41.5% (66/159) in MSSA. Female, younger patients and infections requiring incision or drainage were more commonly associated with pvl-positive S. aureus (P<0.03); sec gene was more often identified in CC5 (P<0.03); seh gene was more prevalent in CC1 (P = 0.001). Importantly, ST59 isolates showed more resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline, and needed more surgical intervention. In conclusion, CA-MRSA infections were rare among adult SSTI patients in Beijing. Six major MSSA clones were identified and associated with unique antimicrobial susceptibility, toxin profiles, and agr types. A high prevalence of livestock ST398 clone (17.1% of all S. aureus infections) was found with no apparent association to animal contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingze Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital Affiliated to the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuning Sun
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital Affiliated to the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shaomei Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minjun Chen
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (BC)
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (BC)
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17
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Arivudainambi USE, Anand TD, Shanmugaiah V, Karunakaran C, Rajendran A. Novel bioactive metabolites producing endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 61:340-5. [PMID: 21219448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus calls for inventive research and development strategies. Inhibition of this bacterial pathogenesis may be a promising therapeutic approach. The screening of antimicrobial compounds from endophytes is a promising way to meet the increasing threat of drug-resistant strains of human and plant pathogens. In the present study, a novel endophytic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was isolated from the medicinal plant Vitex negundo L. Extracts of C. gloeosporioides were obtained using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. The fungal extracts exhibited an effective antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains. The extracts were also analysed for antibacterial activity against methicillin-, penicillin- and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus strains (1-10). The methanol extract showed an effective antibacterial activity against S. aureus strain 9, with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 31.25 μg mL(-1) . The synergistic action of endophytic fungal extract with antibiotics such as methicillin, penicillin and vancomycin was observed against S. aureus strain 6. The fractional inhibitory concentration index of methanol extract with methicillin, penicillin and vancomycin was 1.0, 0.5 and 0.375, respectively. These results clearly indicate that the metabolite of endophytic fungus C. gloeosporioides is a potential source of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Ezhil Arivudainambi
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, V.H.N.S.N. College, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Evaluation of a fourth-generation latex agglutination test for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 30:259-64. [PMID: 20941519 PMCID: PMC3022149 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-1080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated a fourth-generation agglutination assay (Staph Plus; DiaMondiaL[DML]) for the rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus. First, comparison with three third-generation assays (Slidex Staph Plus, bioMérieux; Staphaurex Plus, Murex Diagnostics; Pastorex Staph-Plus, Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur) was performed on a predefined strain collection: 265 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), 266 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 262 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains (“strain study”). Second, patient material-derived strains (883 CNS, 847 MSSA and 135 MRSA) were tested concurrently with both the DML and Slidex assays (“daily practice study”). In the strain study, the overall sensitivity and specificity of the DML, Slidex, Staphaurex and Pastorex assays were 99.2% and 100%, 98.1% and 100%, 95.2% and 100%, and 98.2% and 98.8%, respectively. Using the respective tests, the result was indeterminate in 0.0%, 0.6%, 0.4% and 1.5% of the strains. Overall, the sensitivity of the DML and Slidex assays were comparable in both sub-studies. However, in MRSA strains, the sensitivity of the DML assay was significantly lower than the Slidex assay. The specificity of the Slidex assay was significantly higher than the DML assay. However, the percentage of indeterminate results was much higher for the Slidex than the DML assay. In conclusion, the presumptive identification of S. aureus by the DML assay proved to be equal to third-generation latex agglutination assays.
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Szabados F, Woloszyn J, Kaase M, Gatermann SG. False-negative test results in the Slidex Staph Plus (bioMérieux) agglutination test are mainly caused by spa-type t001 and t001-related strains. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 30:201-8. [PMID: 20936317 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-1070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The relative sensitivity of commercial agglutination kits for fast identification of S. aureus is usually given to be about 98%. This reported sensitivity has sometimes been questioned. In this study, three collections of molecularly defined, single-copy strains of S. aureus were used to compare the sensitivities of agglutination-based identification and the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based identification using the Biotyper 2.0 database to a molecularly defined reference method. Clinical isolates (n = 363) of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and 240 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were included. In order to rule out a predominance of local MRSA-strains, a collection of 104 pulsed-field-gel electrophoresis divergent MRSA strains were also tested. MALDI-TOF MS using Biotyper database (Bruker) identified all isolates, whereas the Slidex Staph Plus (bioMérieux) detected only 98.0% of the MSSA, 94.5% of the MRSA and only 70.1% of the MRSA of the molecularly divergent strain collection. Interestingly, strains with a false-negative test result in the agglutination methods were mostly spa-type t001 and t001 related. The MALDI-TOF MS based identification can thus be used as an alternative identification method for suspected false-negative results from the agglutination tests, especially if the local prevalence of t001 and t001 related strains is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Szabados
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Department for Medical Microbiology, University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, Germany.
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20
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Genotypic and Phenotypic Assessment of Hyaluronidase among Type Strains of a Select Group of Staphylococcal Species. Int J Microbiol 2010; 2009:614371. [PMID: 20130817 PMCID: PMC2814232 DOI: 10.1155/2009/614371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidases degrade hyaluronic acid, a major polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix of tissues, and are considered important for virulence in a number of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hyaluronidase among clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and among other Staphylococcus species. Spent media and chromosomal DNA were assessed for hyaluronidase activity and the absence or presence of a hyaluronidase gene (hysA) by Southern analysis, respectively. All S. aureus strains examined exhibited at least one hybridizing band (half of the strains exhibited two or more hybridizing bands) when probed for hysA and all but three of these strains produced hyaluronidase. In contrast, none of the type strains of 19 other species exhibited either hyaluronidase activity or hybridizing bands when probed for hysA. These data support the hypothesis that among members of the Staphylococcus genus only strains of S. aureus possess the enzyme hyaluronidase. This would suggest that hyaluronidase represents yet another potential virulence factor employed by S. aureus to cause disease and may represent a diagnostically important characteristic for distinguishing S. aureus from other members of this genus.
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21
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Hussain A, Shakoor A, Shahid MA, Numan M, Gulraiz F. Clinical and Subclinical Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis in Dairy Buffaloes: Disease Characteristics and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Isolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ijar.2007.804.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Weist K, Cimbal AK, Lecke C, Kampf G, Rüden H, Vonberg RP. Evaluation of six agglutination tests for Staphylococcus aureus identification depending upon local prevalence of meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:283-290. [PMID: 16476792 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most routine laboratory detection of Staphylococcus aureus isolates is based on rapid agglutination test systems. Failure of agglutination assays to identify meticillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA) has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate six commercially available agglutination tests for the detection of meticillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and mecA-positive MRSA strains. The Dry Spot Staphytect Plus test (Oxoid), the Pastorex Staph Plus test (Bio-Rad), the Slidex Staph-Kit and Slidex Staph Plus test (bioMérieux), the Staphaurex Plus test (Remel) and the Staphylase Test (Oxoid) were used. As determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, 52 distinct MRSA strains from five countries, 83 MSSA strains and 150 coagulase-negative staphylococci were included. Species identification and determination of susceptibility patterns were performed using colony morphology, Gram stain, catalase testing, tube coagulase testing, DNase testing, mannitol fermentation, susceptibility testing towards oxacillin by Etest, coagulase gene PCR, fibrinogen receptor gene PCR and PCR of the mecA gene. Sensitivity of the agglutination tests ranged from 82.7 to 100.0 % for MRSA strains and 92.8 to 100.0 % for MSSA strains, respectively. Specificity of the test systems ranged from 91.3 to 99.1 %. None of the six agglutination assays produced correct reactions for all staphylococci tested. Only the Dry Spot Staphytect Plus test correctly identified all 52 MRSA strains. For the other tests kits, sensitivity of MRSA detection was lower than for MSSA isolates. Depending upon the local MRSA prevalence and the parameter of interest (sensitivity or specificity), these test systems may be useful for routine diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Weist
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine, FU and HU Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Cimbal
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine, FU and HU Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Lecke
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine, FU and HU Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günter Kampf
- Scientific Affairs, Bode Chemie GmbH & Co, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine, FU and HU Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Rüden
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine, FU and HU Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf-Peter Vonberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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23
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Futagawa-Saito K, Ba-Thein W, Sakurai N, Fukuyasu T. Prevalence of virulence factors in Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from dogs and pigeons. BMC Vet Res 2006; 2:4. [PMID: 16438708 PMCID: PMC1403770 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus intermedius has been isolated from healthy dogs and pigeons as well as diseased dogs. Similar to Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius is known to carry many virulence factors but most of these factors remain to be studied. In this study, we examined 106 S. intermedius isolates (44 dog isolates and 62 pigeon isolates) for their hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, protease activity, and clumping factor and protein A production. Results Forty-three dog isolates (97.7%) and all pigeon isolates were hemolytic on sheep RBCs with a mean hemolytic titer of 336.7 and 47.32, respectively, whereas 43 dog isolates (97.7%) and 11 pigeon isolates (17.7%) exhibited a significant difference in their hemolytic activity on rabbit RBCs with a mean hemolytic titer of 11.04 and 3.76, respectively (p < 0.0005). The mean biofilm formation activity for dog isolates was 0.49, which was significantly higher than that (0.33) for pigeon isolates (p < 0.0005). Twenty-four dog isolates (54.5%) and 11 pigeon isolates (17.7%) were protease positive. Twenty-four dog isolates (54.5%) were clumping factor- and protein A- positive. Conclusion S. intermedius strains carrying the virulence factors examined in this study were more prevalent in dogs than pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Futagawa-Saito
- Department of Animal Health 2, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8501, Japan
| | - William Ba-Thein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology/Immunology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum-thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Naomi Sakurai
- Center for Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2 Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0394, Japan
| | - Tsuguaki Fukuyasu
- Department of Animal Health 2, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8501, Japan
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24
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Zschöck M, Nesseler A, Sudarwanto I. Evaluation of six commercial identification kits for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98:450-5. [PMID: 15659199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Comparison of six commercially available in human medicine well-established slide agglutination systems for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS AND RESULTS Slide agglutination tests were compared with the conventional tube coagulase test, biochemical identification and with the molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of species-specific parts of the gene encoding the 23S RNA. Systems evaluated included Masta-Staph (Mast Diagnostics), Staphylase-Test (Oxoid), Staphytect-Plus (Oxoid), Staphyloslide Latex (Becton Dickinson), Slidex Staph Plus (bioMerieux) and Dry Spot Staphytect Plus (Oxoid). A total of 141 staphylococcal strains isolated from cases of bovine mastitis including 90 S. aureus, 14 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 10 Staphylococcus warneri, 13 Staphylococcus xylosus, 11 Staphylococcus haemolyticus and three other coagulase-negative staphylococci were tested with each method. Staphylococcus aureus strains were selected by macrorestriction analysis with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Only genetically unrelated strains were included in the study. The sensitivities and specificities of the test were as follows: Masta-Staph 86.7 and 90.1%, Staphylase-Test 78.4 and 85.1%, Staphytect-Plus 81.1 and 86.5%, Staphyloslide Latex 77.8 and 84.4%, Slidex Staph Plus 77.8 and 84.4%, Dry Spot Staphytect Plus 75.6 and 83.0%. CONCLUSIONS The results of this evaluation suggest that the six slide agglutination methods tested can provide rapid identification of S. aureus also from bovine mastitis. The sensitivity and specificity seems to be less than those reported from human S. aureus isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is one of the first comparative reported investigations about the applicability of different commercially available slide agglutination tests for the detection of S. aureus from bovine mastitis using PFGE selected clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zschöck
- Public Investigation Office Hesse, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Giessen, Germany.
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25
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Gilani SJK, Gonzalez M, Hussain I, Finlay AY, Patel GK. Staphylococcus aureus re-colonization in atopic dermatitis: beyond the skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005; 30:10-3. [PMID: 15663492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are often heavily colonized by Staphylococcus aureus, which adversely affects eczema severity. Strategies to control S. aureus in AD include antibiotic and or antiseptics. However long-term efficacy is unclear. In this study we consider extra-cutaneous factors that may cause S. aureus re-colonization in adult AD. Twenty-one patients with AD were recruited and were assessed for: duration of AD, use of topical or oral antibiotic within the preceding 3 months, the number of hospital admissions during the preceding year and current treatment. The types of topical treatments used, vehicle, container and the expiry dates were also recorded. The severity of AD was assessed by SCORAD index. Microbiological assessment for S. aureus carriage from affected skin, anterior nares, emollient and topical steroid was undertaken using culture, Staphaurex test and antibiotic resistance. Of the patients 86% had S. aureus colonization. The median SCORAD score were greater in those colonized with S. aureus (P = 0.02) and those with contaminated treatments (P = 0.05). Prior antibiotic treatment, prior hospital admission and nasal carriage did not influence the median SCORAD. Three extra-cutaneous mechanisms by which S. aureus can re-colonize the skin were identified: antibiotic resistance, nasal carriage and treatment contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J K Gilani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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26
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Blake JE, Metcalfe MA. A Shared noncapsular antigen is responsible for false-positive reactions by Staphylococcus epidermidis in commercial agglutination tests for Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:544-50. [PMID: 11158104 PMCID: PMC87773 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.2.544-550.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the commercial slide agglutination tests for Staphylococcus aureus incorporate antibodies against cell surface antigens associated with methicillin resistance, including capsular polysaccharides and an uncharacterized antigen, serotype 18. These tests are more sensitive than the first-generation agglutination procedures that detected only bound coagulase and protein A, but they suffer from false-positive reactions with some coagulase-negative staphylococci. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism for false-positive agglutination by S. epidermidis in these tests. A group of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, including a serotype 18 strain, that were not detectable in the first-generation tests were found to be of capsular polysaccharide type 8. All of these isolates were deficient in bound coagulase and/or protein A, and they possessed a heat-stable, proteinaceous antigen that was absent from a prototype capsule type 8 strain. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agarose gel immunodiffusion experiments demonstrated that this proteinaceous antigen was also present on both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis clinical isolates. S. epidermidis strains that gave false-positive agglutination test results had a considerably higher level of this antigen than strains that gave the correct negative result. These findings reveal the importance of the careful selection of MRSA strains for raising anti-capsular type 8 antibodies for use in agglutination tests. Strains devoid of the antigen shared with S. epidermidis should be used to eliminate potential cross-reactions with this coagulase-negative coccus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Blake
- Immunology Research and Development Section, Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, United Kingdom.
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27
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Fukuda S, Tatsumi H, Igarashi H, Igimi S. Rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus using bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Lett Appl Microbiol 2000; 31:134-8. [PMID: 10972715 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (BLEIA) method for detecting protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus was developed using biotinylated firefly luciferase. The BLEIA was able to detect protein A at one pg ml-1 and 103 cfu ml-1 level of Staph. aureus. The BLEIA showed significant signals with overnight cultures of all 24 Staph. aureus strains, and the BLEIA did not show any significant signals with overnight cultures of all 44 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci and the other genus bacteria. After 5 h cultivation beginning at approximately 50 cfu ml-1, the BLEIA was able to detect all 35 Staph. aureus strains isolated from healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuda
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Chiba, Japan.
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28
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Walker CWB, Brown DFJ. Identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by latex agglutination kits: performance with epidemic strains (EMRSA) and strains causing problems with latex agglutination methods. Clin Microbiol Infect 1999; 5:53-56. [PMID: 11856215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin W. B. Walker
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Box 236, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QW, UK
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29
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Maranan MC, Moreira B, Boyle-Vavra S, Daum RS. Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci. Epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and clinical relevance. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997; 11:813-49. [PMID: 9421702 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal infections continue to pose important clinical problems in children and adults. Antibiotic resistance among the staphylococci has rendered therapy of these infections a therapeutic challenge. Despite early, uniform susceptibility to penicillin, staphylococci acquired a gene elaborating beta-lactamase that rendered penicillin inactive and that is borne by nearly all clinical isolates. "Penicillinase-resistant beta-lactams," such as methicillin, were introduced in the early 1960s, but resistance to them has become an increasing concern. The mechanism of the so-called "methicillin resistance" is complex. Moreover, once confined to the ecology of hospitals and other institutions, a recent increase in community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections has been observed. Glycopeptides, until now the only uniformly reliable therapeutic modality, have been increasingly used for therapy of staphylococcal infections. The recent recognition of clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides is of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Maranan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
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30
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Reza AH, Ascencio F, Ljungh Å, Waldström T. Particle agglutination assay for detection of albumin and IgG binding cell surface components of Helicobacter pylori. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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The potential of dielectrophoresis for the real-time detection of microorganisms in foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-2244(00)88943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Kuusela P, Hildén P, Savolainen K, Vuento M, Lyytikäinen O, Vuopio-Varkila J. Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains not identified by slide agglutination tests. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:143-7. [PMID: 8126170 PMCID: PMC262985 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.1.143-147.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventy-nine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, isolated during 1980 to 1990, were classified as MRSA Aggl- (14 strains) and MRSA Aggl+ (65 strains) strains on the basis of test results in slide agglutination assays designed to detect fibrinogen-binding protein (clumping factor) and protein A on the staphylococcal surface. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that lysostaphin digests of MRSA Aggl- strains contained a high-molecular-weight protein which was not detected in digests of MRSA Aggl+ strains. Immunization of rabbits with an MRSA Aggl- strain produced an antiserum which agglutinated all MRSA Aggl- strains and also 64 of 65 MRSA Aggl+ strains. Only 1 of 68 coagulase-negative staphylococci showed agglutination in this assay. The anti-MRSA Aggl- antiserum reacted mainly with a 230-kDa staphylococcal surface protein but also with a 175-kDa protein, probably formed by proteolysis of the former and a few slightly smaller proteins. These could not be immunologically detected in lysostaphin digests of MRSA Aggl+ strains. Purified antibodies reacting with the 230-kDa protein agglutinated all MRSA Aggl- strains, indicating that the protein is located on the surfaces of staphylococci. The results suggest a tentative role for the 230-kDa protein or its fragments as a novel target to develop more efficient rapid identification methods for S. aureus, including MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kuusela
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Brakstad OG, Tveten Y, Nato F, Fournier JM. Comparison of various methods and reagents for species identification of Staphylococcus aureus positive or negative for the mecA gene. APMIS 1993; 101:651-4. [PMID: 8217116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1993.tb00160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The reliability of various methods for species identification of Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. A total of 135 coagulase-positive (SA) or -negative (SS) staphylococcal isolates were tested, including methicillin-resistant (MR) and -susceptible (MS) strains. When the nuc gene which encodes the S. aureus thermonuclease (TNase) was amplified in a multiplex PCR simultaneously with the mecA gene which encodes for the MR-associated penicillin-binding protein 2a of staphylococci, the nuc amplification showed full agreement with the results of the coagulase test. TNase detected by an enzymatic method or as protein in a sandwich ELISA identified S. aureus with nearly the same precision as the PCR. The Staphylase, Monostaph and Staphaurex agglutination kits were all reliable for identification of MSSA, but not for MRSA. Most of the negative MRSA strains were identified by the Pastorex agglutination kit, in which reagents for fibrinogen receptor and protein A detection have been supplemented with antibodies for capsular polysaccharides of the serotypes 5 and 8. These results show that detection of the nuc gene or its TNase product is highly reliable for identification of both MRSA and MSSA strains, while various widely used agglutination kits do not show the same reliability for identification of MRSA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Brakstad
- Applied Chemistry Division, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
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34
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Fournier JM, Bouvet A, Mathieu D, Nato F, Boutonnier A, Gerbal R, Brunengo P, Saulnier C, Sagot N, Slizewicz B. New latex reagent using monoclonal antibodies to capsular polysaccharide for reliable identification of both oxacillin-susceptible and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:1342-4. [PMID: 8501240 PMCID: PMC262934 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.5.1342-1344.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A new latex agglutination test (Pastorex Staph-Plus, Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur), consisting of a mixture of latex particles coated with fibrinogen and immunoglobulin G for the detection of clumping factor and protein A and latex particles sensitized with monoclonal antibodies directed to Staphylococcus aureus serotype 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides, was compared with three commercially available rapid agglutination methods for the identification of 220 isolates of S. aureus (61 oxacillin resistant) and 128 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The sensitivity for identification of S. aureus was high with the Pastorex Staph-Plus test (98.6%) compared with those of the other tests, which ranged from 91.8 to 84.5%. Test sensitivities for the identification of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus were as follows: Pastorex Staph-Plus, 95.1%; Pastorex Staph, 73.8%; Staphyslide, 72.1%; and StaphAurex, 49.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fournier
- Unité Choléra et Vibrions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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35
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Smith MD, Wuthiekanun V, Walsh AL, Pitt TL. Latex agglutination test for identification of Pseudomonas pseudomallei. J Clin Pathol 1993; 46:374-5. [PMID: 7684405 PMCID: PMC501225 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.46.4.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A latex agglutination test was developed and evaluated for the rapid presumptive identification of Pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative organism of melioidosis. The test was 100% sensitive for 52 isolates of Ps pseudomallei and 100% specific when tested with other medically important Pseudomonas species and Enterobacteriaceae. A subsequent field trial, with clinical specimens from patients with suspected melioidosis, confirmed the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Smith
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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36
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CROIZE J, GIALANELLA P, MONNET D, OKADA J, ORSI A, VOSS A, MERLIN S. Improved identification ofStaphylococcus aureususing a new agglutination test Results of an international study. APMIS 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1993.tb00137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Paulsson M, Ljungh A, Wadström T. Rapid identification of fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, and collagen cell surface binding proteins on coagulase-negative staphylococci by particle agglutination assays. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:2006-12. [PMID: 1380008 PMCID: PMC265432 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.30.8.2006-2012.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventeen strains of ten different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were shown to interact with collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and vitronectin immobilized on latex beads. Different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci have different capacities to agglutinate proteins. Cells of 18 strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus reacted more strongly than did cells of 18 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains with proteincoated latex beads, although no significant difference in cell surface hydrophobicity or charge could be shown. The cell surface receptors of S. haemolyticus were more heat and protease resistant than were Staphylococcus aureus receptors. Strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from urinary tract infections showed a high capacity to adhere to laminin. The ability to agglutinate fibronectin and collagen was common among coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from other infections; 55% (31 of 56) and 63% (35 of 56) agglutinated fibronectin and/or collagen. S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis bound to both N-terminal (29-kDa) and C-terminal (120-kDa) fragments of fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paulsson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden
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38
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Niskanen A, Korkeala H, Manninen M, Vuento M, Kuusela P. Evaluation of three slide agglutination tests for rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Acta Vet Scand 1992. [PMID: 1818514 DOI: 10.1186/bf03546956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Three slide agglutination tests for identification of Staphylococcus aureus were compared. The agglutination tests used for evaluation were Staphaurex (Wellcome Diagnostics), Staphyslide-Test (BioMerieux), and ANI S. aureus TEST (Ani Biotech Oy). A total of 347 isolates were analyzed, including 288 strains of S. aureus, 49 of S. epidermis, 11 of S. intermedius, 12 strains of other staphylococci and 14 non-staphylococcal strains. One hundred of the S. aureus strains were isolates from cases of food poisoning, 129 from mastitis and 59 from other clinical cases. The sensitivities of the tests were also compared using diluted suspensions of S. aureus strains and with purified Protein A dilutions. The results showed that the sensitivities of the tests were 98.6%, 97.9% and 99.0% for Staphaurex, Staphyslide-test and ANI S. aureus TEST, respectively. The specificities were 100% for the Staphyslide test and 98.8% for both the ANI S. aureus TEST and the Staphaurex test. The sensitivities measured with diluted S. aureus strain suspensions and Protein A solutions were equal with the Staphaurex and ANI S. aureus TEST. All the agglutination tests studied proved to be practical, easy to use and accurate for the rapid identification of S. aureus strains from culture isolates.
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39
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Naidu AS, Forsgren A, Kalfas S, Watts JL, Fournier JM. Comparison between lactoferrin and subepithelial matrix protein binding in Staphylococcus aureus associated with bovine mastitis. J Dairy Sci 1991; 74:3353-9. [PMID: 1744264 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus strains (n = 100) isolated from bovine mastitis were classified according to the presence of capsular polysaccharide serotype 5 (n = 46), type 8 (n = 26), and non-5/8 (n = 28). Strains from each type were tested for protein interaction in a 125I-labeled ligand binding assay. A majority of type 5 and type 8 strains showed a higher degree of binding to lactoferrin, fibronectin, and IgG than the non-5/8 strains. Fibrinogen binding was low in all serotypes. Most of the type 5 and non-5/8 strains bound less than 10% laminin, whereas type 8 strains bound laminin in the 11 to 20% range. Non-5/8 strains significantly differed from type 5 in lactoferrin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and IgG and also from type 8 in fibrinogen and IgG binding. The differences in protein binding between type 5 and type 8 were nonsignificant. The degree of lactoferrin binding in all types positively correlated with laminin binding. Lactoferrin and fibrinogen bindings were correlated in type 5 and type 8 strains. Lactoferrin and fibronectin bindings were correlated only in type 5 strains. These data suggest that bovine lactoferrin binding is common and associated with subepithelial matrix protein interactions in certain serotypes of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Naidu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden
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40
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Holme IJR, Rosef O, Ewald S. Comparison of three commercial rapid agglutination test kits for identification of coagulase positive staphylococci from foods and animals. Acta Vet Scand 1991. [PMID: 1803928 DOI: 10.1186/bf03546975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Three rapid agglutination assays for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus Monostaph (Bionor A/S, Skien, Norway), Staphyslide-Test (BioMerieux, Lyon, France) and Staph-Rapid-Test (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), were compared. A total of 104 Gram-positive, catalase positive cocci were tested: Nineteen Staphylococcus reference strains comprising 15 spp. (4 strains were coagulase positive), and 7 Micrococcus reference strains comprising 4 spp.; 22 food isolates comprising 13 S. aureus, 8 coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp., and 1 Micrococcus sp.; 56 animal isolates comprising 11 S. aureus, 9 S. hyicus subsp. hyicus, 2 S. intermedius, 15 coagulase positive and 19 coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. Totally 54 strains were coagulase positive. Considering agglutination of a coagulase positive strain as a correct identification, Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test, and Staphyslide-Test correctly identified 52 (96.3%), 47 (87.0%) and 48 (89.0%) of the coagulase positive staphylococci, respectively. Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test and Staphyslide-Test showed 1 (2.0%), 4 (8.0%) and 4 (8.0%) false positive reactions respectively. Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test and Staphyslide-Test gave 0 (0.0%), 6 (5.8%) and 7 (6.7%) non-interpretable reactions, respectively. Monostaph may be a good alternative to the tube-coagulase test for rapid and reliable identification of coagulase positive staphylococci from both food and veterinary sources. However, false negative reactions may occur with coagulase positive strains of S. hyicus subsp. hyicus and S. intermedius.
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41
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Holme IJ, Rosef O, Ewald S. Comparison of three commercial rapid agglutination test kits for identification of coagulase positive staphylococci from foods and animals. Acta Vet Scand 1991; 32:155-61. [PMID: 1803928 PMCID: PMC8127877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Three rapid agglutination assays for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus Monostaph (Bionor A/S, Skien, Norway), Staphyslide-Test (BioMerieux, Lyon, France) and Staph-Rapid-Test (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), were compared. A total of 104 Gram-positive, catalase positive cocci were tested: Nineteen Staphylococcus reference strains comprising 15 spp. (4 strains were coagulase positive), and 7 Micrococcus reference strains comprising 4 spp.; 22 food isolates comprising 13 S. aureus, 8 coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp., and 1 Micrococcus sp.; 56 animal isolates comprising 11 S. aureus, 9 S. hyicus subsp. hyicus, 2 S. intermedius, 15 coagulase positive and 19 coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. Totally 54 strains were coagulase positive. Considering agglutination of a coagulase positive strain as a correct identification, Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test, and Staphyslide-Test correctly identified 52 (96.3%), 47 (87.0%) and 48 (89.0%) of the coagulase positive staphylococci, respectively. Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test and Staphyslide-Test showed 1 (2.0%), 4 (8.0%) and 4 (8.0%) false positive reactions respectively. Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test and Staphyslide-Test gave 0 (0.0%), 6 (5.8%) and 7 (6.7%) non-interpretable reactions, respectively. Monostaph may be a good alternative to the tube-coagulase test for rapid and reliable identification of coagulase positive staphylococci from both food and veterinary sources. However, false negative reactions may occur with coagulase positive strains of S. hyicus subsp. hyicus and S. intermedius.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Holme
- Department of Food Hygiene, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo
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42
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Niskanen A, Korkeala H, Manninen M, Vuento M, Kuusela P. Evaluation of three slide agglutination tests for rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Acta Vet Scand 1991; 32:543-9. [PMID: 1818514 PMCID: PMC8127896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Three slide agglutination tests for identification of Staphylococcus aureus were compared. The agglutination tests used for evaluation were Staphaurex (Wellcome Diagnostics), Staphyslide-Test (BioMerieux), and ANI S. aureus TEST (Ani Biotech Oy). A total of 347 isolates were analyzed, including 288 strains of S. aureus, 49 of S. epidermis, 11 of S. intermedius, 12 strains of other staphylococci and 14 non-staphylococcal strains. One hundred of the S. aureus strains were isolates from cases of food poisoning, 129 from mastitis and 59 from other clinical cases. The sensitivities of the tests were also compared using diluted suspensions of S. aureus strains and with purified Protein A dilutions. The results showed that the sensitivities of the tests were 98.6%, 97.9% and 99.0% for Staphaurex, Staphyslide-test and ANI S. aureus TEST, respectively. The specificities were 100% for the Staphyslide test and 98.8% for both the ANI S. aureus TEST and the Staphaurex test. The sensitivities measured with diluted S. aureus strain suspensions and Protein A solutions were equal with the Staphaurex and ANI S. aureus TEST. All the agglutination tests studied proved to be practical, easy to use and accurate for the rapid identification of S. aureus strains from culture isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Niskanen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Helsinki, Finland
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43
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Ascencio F, Aleljung P, Wadström T. Particle agglutination assays to identify fibronectin and collagen cell surface receptors and lectins in Aeromonas and Vibrio species. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:1926-31. [PMID: 2166473 PMCID: PMC184532 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.6.1926-1931.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid particle agglutination assay (PAA) utilizing latex beads coated with connective tissue and serum proteins was evaluated for its ability to identify fibronectin, collagen (types I and IV), fibrinogen, and transferrin cell surface receptors on Vibrio and Aeromonas strains isolated from diseased fish, human infections, and the environment. Similar tests were performed to screen for cell surface lectins. Vibrio as well as Aeromonas strains were found to bind connective tissue proteins (collagen types I, II, and IV and fibronectin), serum proteins (i.e., fibrinogen), and glycoproteins (bovine submaxillary mucin, hog gastric mucin, orosomucoid, and fetuin) immobilized on the latex particles. The specificity of the agglutination reaction was studied by particle agglutination inhibition assays performed by preincubating bacterial suspensions in solutions containing either gelatin (for the various connective tissue protein PAA reagents) or sialic acid-rich glycoproteins (for the various glycoprotein PAA reagents). Expression of cell surface receptors for connective tissue proteins was found to depend on culture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ascencio
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden
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44
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Type I and IV collagen and fibrinogen binding to Aeromonas species isolated from various infections. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1990; 273:186-94. [PMID: 2400535 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Collagen binding is a common property of strains of Aeromonas species. However, agglutination of latex beads coated with types I and IV collagen and fibrinogen with Aeromonas cells varied among strains of Aeromonas species and their source of isolation. Culture media and growth conditions greatly influenced expression of Aeromonas cell surface receptors to bind collagen (types I and IV) and fibrinogen immobilized on the latex particles as suggested by the particle agglutination assay (PAA). Aeromonas cells aggregated with the differentially coated latex beads in a specified manner. Furthermore, the PAA method was found to be rapid, easy to perform and sensitive for routine screening of a large number of strains for serum and connective-tissue protein cell surface receptors.
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45
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Rossney AS, English LF, Keane CT. Coagulase testing compared with commercial kits for routinely identifying Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Pathol 1990; 43:246-52. [PMID: 2185284 PMCID: PMC502340 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.43.3.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Five commercial Staphylococcus aureus identification kits--Staphaurex (Wellcome), Staphylase (Oxoid), Staphyslide (bioMèrieux), Biostaph (Medlabs) and Bacto Latex (Difco)--were evaluated for the routine identification of S aureus from primary plates in the routine microbiology laboratory. Comparison was made with two methods of tube coagulase testing and five slide methods for detecting clumping factor (slide coagulase testing). Performances were assessed for two groups of organisms, staphylococcal species alone and a combined staphylococcal and non-staphylococcal species group. The effects of growth on selective media and storage of isolates at room temperature and 4 degrees C were investigated. Selective media cannot be recommended, nor can storage of isolates before testing. Ranked according to efficiency value with the combined staphylococcal and non-staphylococcal species group, the kits and coagulase methods performed as follows (the figures in parentheses are the efficiency values for the staphylococcal group alone): tube coagulase reference method 100% (100%), tube coagulase SJH method 99% (99%), Staphaurex 94% (97%), Staphylase 93% (96%), slide coagulase method No 4 93% (94%), slide coagulase method No 5 93% (93%), Bacto Latex 92% (95%), Staphyslide 92% (95%), and Biostaph 87% (91%). It is concluded that a commercial S aureus identification kit should not replace tube coagulase testing for the routine identification of the organism from primary plates and that, even the kits with the best performances, have little advantage over a good slide coagulase test method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rossney
- Microbiology Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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46
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Hagmar L, Schütz A, Hallberg T, Sjöholm A. Health effects of exposure to endotoxins and organic dust in poultry slaughter-house workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1990; 62:159-64. [PMID: 2323833 DOI: 10.1007/bf00383592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-three dust-exposed shacklers in the hanging departments of four poultry slaughter-house plants were examined immediately before work on a Monday morning with a standardized interview, pulmonary function tests (VC and FEV1), and blood sampling for analysis of complement factors. The examinations were repeated immediately after work the same day. Further, the individual breathing zone levels of both total dust and endotoxins were monitored during the whole work-shift. Moreover, spot samples of airborne bacteria and fungi were collected. The mean level of total dust was 6.3 mg/m3 (range 0.4-15.3 mg/m3) and of endotoxins 0.40 micrograms/m3 (range 0.02-1.50 micrograms/m3). Total levels of 4 x 10(5)-4 x 10(6) cfu/m3 of airborne bacteria, mainly coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains, but only 500-4000 cfu/m3 of fungi were found in the hanging departments. An over-shift increase in respiratory symptoms was found, but none of the workers had experienced any symptoms indicating extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) or organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS). Further, mean over-shift decreases of VC (3.1%) and FEV1 (4.1%) were found, indicating a harmful effect on the bronchi. There were, however, no associations between these over-shift decreases and the individual time-weighted average breathing zone levels of either total dust or of endotoxins. No over-shift change in serum complement factors was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hagmar
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Raus J, Love DN. Comparison of the staphylocoagulase activities of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus intermedius on Chromozym-TH. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:207-10. [PMID: 2312669 PMCID: PMC269576 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.2.207-210.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The staphylocoagulases of Staphylococcus intermedius (39 strains from clinical samples from dogs and 1 strain from a pigeon) and Staphylococcus aureus (40 strains from nine different animal species) were compared by using the chromogenic methods of Engels et al. (W. Engels, M. Kemps, and C. P. A. van Boven, J. Clin. Microbiol. 14:496-500, 1981). S. intermedius produced staphylocoagulase which resembled that of S. aureus in its rate and method of action on prothrombin, but S. intermedius produced it in lesser amounts. Therefore, chromogenic substrate tests such as Chromozym-TH (Boehringer GmbH, Mannheim, Federal Republic of Germany) (as described by Engels et al.) can be used for the detection of staphylocoagulase in both of these species. However, to detect accurately the presence of S. intermedius staphylocoagulase by this method, preconcentration of the extracellular proteins or an extension of the reaction time of the test would be required. The method described by Engels et al. was designed specifically for clinical laboratories that handle human samples. Under those circumstances the method could be regarded as specific, enabling an identification of S. aureus only. However, as both S. aureus and S. intermedius give positive results in this test, in veterinary diagnostic laboratories, heavy reliance must not be placed on this test for determination of organisms to the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Raus
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Larsson A, Sjöquist J. Novel latex agglutination method with chicken anti-protein A for detection of Staphylococcus aureus infections. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:2856-7. [PMID: 2592547 PMCID: PMC267143 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.12.2856-2857.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A latex agglutination assay for the detection of protein A-secreting Staphylococcus aureus strains or strains with protein A in the cell wall is described. The assay utilizes latex particles coated with chicken anti-protein A antibodies. Chicken antibodies do not react with protein G-producing streptococci or rheumatoid factor, thus avoiding false-positive reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Larsson
- Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Sweden
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Fournier JM, Boutonnier A, Bouvet A. Staphylococcus aureus strains which are not identified by rapid agglutination methods are of capsular serotype 5. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:1372-4. [PMID: 2754004 PMCID: PMC267559 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.6.1372-1374.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 183 recent Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates were tested with three commercially available rapid agglutination methods. The capsular polysaccharide type and resistance to oxacillin of these isolates were also determined. Seven isolates were not identified correctly by agglutination methods. All isolates not identified by the rapid methods were of capsular serotype 5, and of these isolates, six were resistant to oxacillin. The results suggest that these agglutination kits can be improved by the use of antibodies reactive with S. aureus capsular polysaccharide.
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