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Sharma AK, Sharma R, Chauhan N, Das A, Satpati D. Peptide-drug conjugate designated for targeted delivery to HER2-expressing cancer cells. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3602. [PMID: 38600778 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Targeted therapy of the highest globally incident breast cancer shall resolve the issue of off-target toxicity concurring with augmented killing of specific diseased cells. Thus, the goal of this study was to prepare a peptide-drug conjugate targeting elevated expression of HER2 receptors in breast cancer. Towards this, the rL-A9 peptide was conjugated with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) through a N-succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) linker. The synthesized peptide-drug conjugate, rL-A9-DOX, was characterized by mass spectrometry. Molecular docking studies, based on binding energy data, suggested a stronger interaction of rL-A9-DOX with the HER2 receptor in comparison to the unconjugated peptide, rL-A9. The cytotoxic effect of the rL-A9-DOX conjugate was observed to be higher in HER2-positive SKOV3 cells compared to HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating selective cell killing. Cellular internalization of the rL-A9-DOX conjugate was evident from the flow cytometry analysis, where a noticeable shift in mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) was observed for the conjugate compared to the control group. This data was further validated by confocal microscopy, where the fluorescent signal ascertained nuclear accumulation of rL-A9-DOX. The present studies highlight the promising potential of rL-A9-DOX for targeted delivery of the drug into a defined group of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nitish Chauhan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Das
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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2
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Blanter J, Baldwin E, Patel R, Sheng T, Tiersten A. Patterns in use and tolerance of adjuvant neratinib in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07461-0. [PMID: 39153126 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE One year of neratinib therapy is known to derive a significant invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) benefit in early-stage, hormone receptor-positive (HR +), HER2 + , node-positive breast cancer after trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy. Limitations to neratinib use include significant gastrointestinal side effects, which often result in treatment discontinuation. In this study, we aimed to identify clinicopathologic features associated with adjuvant neratinib use and factors impacting treatment completion. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients with early-stage HR + HER2 + breast cancer who were prescribed neratinib from 2017 to 2023 at our institution. We used the electronic medical record to extract information on patient characteristics, clinical features, and treatment information. Patients were identified as high risk based on definitions adapted from the standard high-risk definition in HR + HER2- breast cancer combined with studies correlating high Ki67 or high tumor grade with lower recurrence-free survival. Statistical analysis was performed using two-sided T-tests and chi-square tests. RESULTS We identified 62 eligible patients of whom 55% completed 1 year of neratinib and 45% did not. Sixty percent (N = 37) of patients offered neratinib were considered high risk at diagnosis. The most common reason for neratinib discontinuation was inability to tolerate side effects (54%) followed by pill burden (18%). The most common side effect experienced by patients was diarrhea despite anti-diarrheal prophylaxis (56%), followed by rash (8%). Patients who received an up-titration of neratinib were more likely to complete the full course of neratinib when compared to those who did not (76% vs. 40.5% p = 0.013). The median starting dose of those who completed neratinib treatment was 140 vs. 240 mg in those who did not (p = 0.016). Neither group experienced a statistically significant greater likelihood of treatment holds or dose reductions. In terms of outcomes, 10 patients had progression of disease of whom 7 did not complete neratinib treatment (p = 0.169). Interestingly, those 7 patients developed metastatic disease and 57% (N = 4) had central nervous system metastases. CONCLUSION Patients are more likely to complete 1 year of adjuvant neratinib with dose up-titration. Dose reductions and interruptions did not affect neratinib adherence in our patient population. Seven patients (11%) in our study developed metastatic disease, all of whom did not complete adjuvant neratinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blanter
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elena Baldwin
- Division of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rima Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianxiang Sheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Tiersten
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Poletes C, Amanirad B, Santiago AT, Yan M, Conrad T, Jerzak KJ, Shultz DB. The incidence of brain metastases in breast cancer according to molecular subtype and stage: a 10-year single institution analysis. J Neurooncol 2024; 169:119-127. [PMID: 38740672 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common etiology of brain metastases (BrM). We aimed to examine the incidence of BrM among all BC patients presenting to a large tertiary cancer centre over one decade. METHODS We included all BC patients presenting consecutively between 2009 and 2019 and cross referenced that cohort to a radiotherapy database, identifying patients treated for BrM at any time following their initial presentation. Cumulative incidences (CI) of BrM diagnoses were calculated using death as a competing risk and compared using the Fine-Gray method. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. RESULTS We identified 12,995 unique patients. The CI of BrM in patients who initially presented with Stage 0-4 disease was 2.1%, 3.7%, 9.4%, 10.6%, and 28.7%, respectively at 10 years. For 8,951 patients with available molecular subtype data, 6,470 (72%), 961 (11%), 1,023 (11%), and 497 (6%) had hormone-receptor (HR)-positive/ERBB2-, HR-negative/ERBB2-, HR-positive/ERBB2 + , and HR-negative/ERBB2 + disease, respectively; the CI of BrM in each was 7.6%, 25.3%, 24.1%, and 26.6%, at 10 years following BC diagnosis, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) following BC diagnosis and BrM diagnosis was 28 years 95% CI [25, 32] and 10 months 95% CI [9, 12], respectively. CONCLUSIONS From a large, registry-based study, we observed that patients with ERBB2 + and triple negative BC have the highest incidence of BrM. Our data supports prospective surveillance brain MRI studies. Given advancements in BrM treatment, clinicians should have a low threshold for brain imaging in BC patients with high risk subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Poletes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Bardia Amanirad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna T Santiago
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tatiana Conrad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katarzyna J Jerzak
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David B Shultz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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TS S, G M, G KK, Ragothaman P, Velu RK, P S. Secondary metabolite profiling using HR-LCMS, antioxidant and anticancer activity of Bacillus cereus PSMS6 methanolic extract: In silico and in vitro study. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 42:e00842. [PMID: 38774767 PMCID: PMC11107235 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Novel anticancer drugs of natural origin have increased tremendously due to the resistance of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs in breast cancer therapy and their high toxicity with undesirable side effects. The study investigates the bioactivity of secondary metabolites derived from Bacillus cereus PSMS6 isolated from marine soil sediment in the Velar estuary, Parangepattai, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, and India. Strains were isolated and antagonistic activity was screened using the agar well diffusion method. B. cereus PSMS6 exhibited potency, and its crude extract was tested for antioxidant, anticancer, and cytotoxic MTT assay potential. The methanolic extract of B. cereus PSMS6 was analyzed by mass spectrometry HRLC-MS and FT-IR to determine the bioactive compounds. A drug interaction study with the anti-breast cancer protein HER2 was performed by molecular docking analysis. Antioxidant activities were determined using total antioxidant scavenging assay, ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging assays. The total antioxidant scavenging assay of the crude extract of B. cereus methanol had an IC50 value of 28.33±1.01, in ABTS IC50 value of the extract was 29.00±0.28 and in DPPH the IC50 of the extract was 34.91±0.09. The negative ion compound Palmitoylglycerone phosphate had a LibDock score of 149.487 and the positive ion compound N5-(4-Methoxybenzyl) glutamine had 120.116. These compounds show promising anticancer activity. The current study reported that the bioactive secondary metabolite of B. cereus PSMS6 retains anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. This is the first report to show the production of the Palmitoylglycerone phosphate metabolite from B. cereus PSMS6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini TS
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Manivel G
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Krishna kumar G
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Prathiviraj Ragothaman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Rajesh Kannan Velu
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Senthilraja P
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
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Lin N, Miyamoto K, Ogawara T, Sakurai S, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Kadonosono T. Epitope binning for multiple antibodies simultaneously using mammalian cell display and DNA sequencing. Commun Biol 2024; 7:652. [PMID: 38806676 PMCID: PMC11133372 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Epitope binning, an approach for grouping antibodies based on epitope similarities, is a critical step in antibody drug discovery. However, conventional methods are complex, involving individual antibody production. Here, we established Epitope Binning-seq, an epitope binning platform for simultaneously analyzing multiple antibodies. In this system, epitope similarity between the query antibodies (qAbs) displayed on antigen-expressing cells and a fluorescently labeled reference antibody (rAb) targeting a desired epitope is analyzed by flow cytometry. The qAbs with epitope similar to the rAb can be identified by next-generation sequencing analysis of fluorescence-negative cells. Sensitivity and reliability of this system are confirmed using rAbs, pertuzumab and trastuzumab, which target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Epitope Binning-seq enables simultaneous epitope evaluation of 14 qAbs at various abundances in libraries, grouping them into respective epitope bins. This versatile platform is applicable to diverse antibodies and antigens, potentially expediting the identification of clinically useful antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kotaro Miyamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Saki Sakurai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kadonosono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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Lestari IA, Putra IMR, Fatimah N, Ujiantari NSO, Putri DDP, Hermawan A. Characterization of Potential Target Genes of Borneol in Increasing Trastuzumab Sensitivity in HER2+ Trastuzumab-Resistant Breast Cancer: Bioinformatics and In Vitro Studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:1623-1634. [PMID: 38809634 PMCID: PMC11318831 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.5.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long-term use of trastuzumab (TRZ), a therapeutic agent for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ breast cancer subtype (HER2+ BC), induces resistance. Borneol (BOR) exerts anticancer effects on various types of cancer. However, its anticancer effect on HER2+ BC remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the potential target genes of BOR and its effect on overcoming the resistance of HER2+ BC to TRZ. METHODS The hub gene of BOR's potential target on HER2+ BC cells was determined via a bioinformatics approach. Resistant HCC1954 cells (HCC1954-TR) were obtained through repeated inducement of HCC1954 cancer cells with TRZ. The cells were then subjected to cytotoxic tests involving single compounds and their combinations. Then, the hub gene expression was determined using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between BOR and selected proteins was measured through molecular docking. RESULTS Hub genes IL6, TNF, ESR1, IL1B, CYP19A1, AR, NR3C1, RELA, CYP17A1, and GPT were obtained via a bioinformatics approach. HCC1954-TR cells were successfully established. The TRZ-BOR combination treatment of parental HCC1954 (400 µg/mL and 25 µM) and HCC1954-TR (800 µg/mL and 100 µM) yielded considerably better results compared with BOR or TRZ alone. The expressions of AR, GPT, and ESR1 under the TRZ-BOR combination were notably different compared with those under single exposure. The molecular docking study of CYP19A1, CYP17A1, NR3C1, and IL-1β highlighted the potential interaction between BOR and such proteins. CONCLUSION BOR improved the cytotoxic effects of TRZ on HCC1954 and HCC1954-TR cell lines, where it specifically targets AR, ESR1, and GPT genes. In addition, the BOR effect, which counteracted the resistance of HCC1954-TR cells to TRZ, was mediated by genes CYP19A1, CYP17A1, NR3C1, IL-1, and RELA. However, additional research is required to validate their role in BOR activity to circumvent the resistance of HER2+ BC to TRZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Ayu Lestari
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - I Made Rhamandana Putra
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Nurul Fatimah
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Navista Sri Octa Ujiantari
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas Putri
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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7
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Liu H, Xie X, Wang B. Deep learning infers clinically relevant protein levels and drug response in breast cancer from unannotated pathology images. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38413598 PMCID: PMC10899601 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The computational pathology has been demonstrated to effectively uncover tumor-related genomic alterations and transcriptomic patterns. Although proteomics has indeed shown great potential in the field of precision medicine, few studies have focused on the computational prediction of protein levels from pathology images. In this paper, we assume that deep learning-based pathological features imply the protein levels of tumor biomarkers that are indicative of prognosis and drug response. For this purpose, we propose wsi2rppa, a weakly supervised contrastive learning framework to infer the protein levels of tumor biomarkers from whole slide images (WSIs) in breast cancer. We first conducted contrastive learning-based pre-training on tessellated tiles to extract pathological features, which are then aggregated by attention pooling and adapted to downstream tasks. We conducted extensive evaluation experiments on the TCGA-BRCA cohort (1978 WSIs of 1093 patients with protein levels of 223 biomarkers) and the CPTAC-BRCA cohort (642 WSIs of 134 patients). The results showed that our method achieved state-of-the-art performance in tumor diagnostic tasks, and also performed well in predicting clinically relevant protein levels and drug response. To show the model interpretability, we spatially visualized the WSIs colored the tiles by their attention scores, and found that the regions with high scores were highly consistent with the tumor and necrotic regions annotated by a 10-year experienced pathologist. Moreover, spatial transcriptomic data further verified that the heatmap generated by attention scores agrees greatly with the spatial expression landscape of two typical tumor biomarker genes. In predicting the response to drug trastuzumab treatment, our method achieved a 0.79 AUC value which is much higher than the previous study reported 0.68. These findings showed the remarkable potential of computational pathology in the prediction of clinically relevant protein levels, drug response, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213110, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Kotelnikova PA, Shipunova VO, Deyev SM. Targeted PLGA-Chitosan Nanoparticles for NIR-Triggered Phototherapy and Imaging of HER2-Positive Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:9. [PMID: 38276487 PMCID: PMC10819332 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted medicine uses the distinctive features of cancer cells to find and destroy tumors. We present human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles for cancer therapy and visualization. Loading with two near-infrared (NIR) dyes provides imaging in the NIR transparency window and phototherapy triggered by 808 nm light. Nile Blue (NB) is a biocompatible solvatochromic NIR dye that serves as an imaging agent. Laser irradiation of IR-780 dye leads to a temperature rise and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Resonance energy transfer between two dyes allows visualization of tumors in a wide range of visible and IR wavelengths. The combination of two NIR dyes enables the use of nanoparticles for diagnostics only or theranostics. Modification of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-chitosan nanoparticles with trastuzumab provides an efficient nanoparticle uptake by tumor cells and promotes more than sixfold specificity towards HER2-positive cells, leading to a synergistic anticancer effect. We demonstrate optical imaging of the HER2-positive mouse mammary tumor and tumor-specific accumulation of PLGA-IR-780-NB nanoparticles in vivo after intravenous administration. We managed to achieve almost complete suppression of the proliferative activity of cells in vitro by irradiation with an 808 nm laser with a power of 0.27 W for 1 min at a concentration at which nanoparticles are nontoxic to cells in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A. Kotelnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria O. Shipunova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Nanobiomedicine Division, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Bionanophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Hakimian F, Mazloum-Ardakani M. Ag nanorod@PEI-Ag nanohybrid as an excellent signal label for sensitive and rapid detection of serum HER2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21792. [PMID: 38066021 PMCID: PMC10709618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) as a critical breast cancer biomarker can be essential for the early selection of therapeutic approaches. HER2 is a prominent component of a signaling network. Overexpression of the HER2 protein due to amplification of its gene leads to the development of an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Patients with tumors that overexpress HER2 are eligible for treatment that significantly reduces mortality rates. Herein, we present a fast and simple method for detecting serum HER2. A new electrochemical label has been developed using charged Ag nanorod@ polyethylenimine-Ag (Ag NR@ PEI-Ag) nanohybrid. The synthesized Ag NR@PEI-Ag nanohybrid simultaneously has the electroactive property of silver and the large surface area of the PEI, which results in the enhancement of the detection signal. So, using Ag NR@PEI-Ag nanohybrid as the electrochemical label, a simple, fast, and sensitive electrochemical biosensor was designed to detect HER2. This way, after immobilizing HER2 aptamer on the Au electrode surface, HER2 or human serum was exposed to the aptamer. Then, the positively charged Ag NR@PEI-Ag nanohybrid was adsorbed onto the negatively charged aptamer-HER2 complex, and the current that was produced due to the Ag/AgCl reaction was measured as the electrochemical signal. The aptasensor shows a broad linear response from 10-12 to 10-7 g, a low detection limit (LOD) of 10 pg, and a total assay time of ~ 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hakimian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
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10
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Ahad A, K. Saeed H, del Solar V, López-Hernández JE, Michel A, Mathew J, Lewis JS, Contel M. Shifting the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Paradigm: A Trastuzumab-Gold-Based Conjugate Demonstrates High Efficacy against Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer Mouse Model. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1972-1986. [PMID: 38093840 PMCID: PMC10714425 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the efficacy of chemotherapeutics to target cancers without toxicity to normal tissue. Clinically, most chemotherapeutic ADCs are based on complex organic molecules, while the conjugation of metallodrugs to mAbs has been overlooked, despite the resurgent interest in metal-based drugs as cancer chemotherapeutics. In 2019, we described the first gold ADCs containing gold-triphenylphosphane fragments as a proof of concept. The ADCs (based on the antibody trastuzumab) were selective and highly active against HER2-positive breast cancer cells. In this study, we developed site-specific ADCs (Thio-1b and Thio-2b) using the cysteine-engineered trastuzumab derivative THIOMAB antibody technology with gold(I)-containing phosphanes and a maleimide-based linker amenable to bioconjugation (1b and 2b). In addition, we developed lysine-directed ADCs with gold payloads based on phosphanes and N-heterocyclic carbenes featuring an activated ester moiety (2c and 5c) with trastuzumab (Tras-2c and Tras-5c) and another anti-HER2 antibody, pertuzumab (Per-2c and Per-5c). Both sets of ADCs demonstrated significant anticancer potency in vitro assays. Based on these results, one ADC (Tras-2c), containing the [Au(PEt3)] fragment present in FDA-approved auranofin, was selected for an in vivo antitumor efficacy study. Immunocompromised mice xenografted with the HER2-positive human cancer cell line SKBR-3 exhibited almost complete tumor reduction and low toxicity with intravenous administration of Tras-2c. With this highly selective targeting system, we demonstrated that a subnanomolar cytotoxicity profile in cells is not required for an impressive antitumor effect in a mouse xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afruja Ahad
- Department
of Chemistry, The City University of New
York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Brooklyn
College Cancer Center, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Biology
PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City
University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Hiwa K. Saeed
- Department
of Chemistry, The City University of New
York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Brooklyn
College Cancer Center, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Virginia del Solar
- Department
of Chemistry, The City University of New
York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Brooklyn
College Cancer Center, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Javier E. López-Hernández
- Department
of Chemistry, The City University of New
York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Brooklyn
College Cancer Center, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Biochemistry
PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City
University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Alexa Michel
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Joshua Mathew
- Department
of Chemistry, The City University of New
York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Molecular
Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Radiochemistry
and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Maria Contel
- Department
of Chemistry, The City University of New
York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Brooklyn
College Cancer Center, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Biology
PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City
University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Chemistry
PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City
University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Biochemistry
PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City
University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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11
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Fadaly WAA, Nemr MTM, Zidan TH, Mohamed FEA, Abdelhakeem MM, Abu Jayab NN, Omar HA, Abdellatif KRA. New 1,2,3-triazole/1,2,4-triazole hybrids linked to oxime moiety as nitric oxide donor selective COX-2, aromatase, B-RAF V600E and EGFR inhibitors celecoxib analogs: design, synthesis, anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative activities, apoptosis and molecular modeling study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2290461. [PMID: 38061801 PMCID: PMC11003496 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2290461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of bis-triazole 19a-l was synthesised for the purpose of being hybrid molecules with both anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities and assessed for cell cycle arrest, NO release. Compounds 19c, 19f, 19h, 19 l exhibited COX-2 selectivity indexes in the range of 18.48 to 49.38 compared to celecoxib S.I. = 21.10), inhibit MCF-7 with IC50 = 9-16 μM compared to tamoxifen (IC50 = 27.9 μM). and showed good inhibitory activity against HEP-3B with IC50 = 4.5-14 μM compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 3.5 μM) (HEP-3B). Moreover, derivatives 19e, 19j, 19k, 19 l inhibit HCT-116 with IC50 = 5.3-13.7 μM compared to 5-FU with IC50 = 4.8 μM (HCT-116). Compounds 19c, 19f, 19h, 19 l showed excellent inhibitory activity against A549 with IC50 = 3-4.5 μM compared to 5-FU with IC50 = 6 μM (A549). Compounds 19c, 19f, 19h, 19 l inhibit aromatase (IC50 of 22.40, 23.20, 22.70, 30.30 μM), EGFR (IC50 of 0.112, 0.205, 0.169 and 0.066 μM) and B-RAFV600E (IC50 of 0.09, 0.06, 0.07 and 0.05 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A A Fadaly
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T M Nemr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taha H Zidan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma E A Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdelhakeem
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nour N Abu Jayab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Khaled R A Abdellatif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Fadaly WAA, Zidan TH, Kahk NM, Mohamed FEA, Abdelhakeem MM, Khalil RG, Nemr MTM. New pyrazolyl-thiazolidinone/thiazole derivatives as celecoxib/dasatinib analogues with selective COX-2, HER-2 and EGFR inhibitory effects: design, synthesis, anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative activities, apoptosis, molecular modelling and ADME studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2281262. [PMID: 38010912 PMCID: PMC11003491 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2281262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new series of pyrazolyl-thiazolidinone/thiazole derivatives 16a-b and 18a-j were synthesised, merging the scaffolds of celecoxib and dasatinib. Compounds 16a, 16b and 18f inhibit COX-2 with S.I. 134.6, 26.08 and 42.13 respectively (celecoxib S.I. = 24.09). Compounds 16a, 16b, 18c, 18d and 18f inhibit MCF-7 with IC50 = 0.73-6.25 μM (dasatinib IC50 = 7.99 μM) and (doxorubicin IC50 = 3.1 μM) and inhibit A549 with IC50 = 1.64-14.3 μM (dasatinib IC50 = 11.8 μM and doxorubicin IC50 = 2.42 μM) with S.I. (F180/MCF7) of 33.15, 7.13, 18.72, 13.25 and 8.28 respectively higher than dasatinib (4.03) and doxorubicin (3.02) and S.I. (F180/A549) of 14.75, 12.96, 4.16, 7.07 and 18.88 respectively higher than that of dasatinib (S.I. = 2.72) and doxorubicin (S.I = 3.88). Derivatives 16a, 18c, 18d, 18f inhibit EGFR and HER-2 IC50 for EGFR of 0.043, 0.226, 0.388, 0.19 μM respectively and for HER-2 of 0.032, 0.144, 0.195, 0.201 μM respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. A. Fadaly
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Taha H. Zidan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nesma M. Kahk
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma E. A. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Abdelhakeem
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rehab G. Khalil
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. M. Nemr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Li H, Yao S, Wang C, Bai C, Zhou P. Diverse applications and development of aptamer detection technology. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1627-1641. [PMID: 37700097 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers have received extensive attention in recent years because of their advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity and low immunogenicity. Aptamers can perform almost all functions of antibodies through the combination of spatial structure and target, which are called "chemical antibodies". At present, aptamers have been widely used in cell imaging, new drug development, disease treatment, microbial detection and other fields. Due to the diversity of modifications, aptamers can be combined with different detection technologies to construct aptasensors. This review focuses on the diversity of aptamers in the field of detection and the development of aptamer-based detection technology and proposes new challenges for aptamers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng Li
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Yao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Wang
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjun Bai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Cohen A, Gotnayer L, Gal S, Aranovich D, Vidavsky N. Multicellular spheroids containing synthetic mineral particles: an advanced 3D tumor model system to investigate breast precancer malignancy potential according to the mineral type. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8033-8045. [PMID: 37534429 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Mineral particles that form in soft tissues in association with disease conditions are heterogeneous in their composition and physiochemical properties. Hence, it is challenging to study the effect of mineral type on disease progression in a high-throughput and realistic manner. For example, most early breast precancer lesions, termed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), contain microcalcifications (MCs), calcium-containing pathological minerals. The most common type of MCs is calcium phosphate crystals, mainly carbonated apatite; it is associated with either benign or malignant lesions. In vitro studies indicate that the crystal properties of apatite MCs can affect breast cancer progression. A less common type of MCs is calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), which is almost always found in benign lesions. We developed a 3D tumor model of multicellular spheroids of human precancer cells containing synthetic MC analogs that link the crystal properties of MCs with the progression of breast precancer to invasive cancer. Using this 3D model, we show that apatite crystals induce Her2 overexpression in DCIS cells. This tumor-triggering effect is increased when the carbonate fraction in the MCs decreases. COD crystals, in contrast, decrease Her2 expression in the spheroids, even compared with a control group with no added MC analogs. Furthermore, COD decreases cell proliferation and migration in DCIS monolayers compared to untreated cells and cells incubated with apatite crystals. This finding suggests that COD is not randomly located only in benign lesions-it may actively contribute to suppressing precancer progression in its surroundings. Our model provides an easy-to-manipulate platform to better understand the interactions between mineral particles and their biological microenvironment. A better understanding of the effect of the crystal properties of MCs on precancer progression will potentially provide new directions for better precancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Lotem Gotnayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Sahar Gal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Dina Aranovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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15
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Äärelä A, Räsänen K, Holm P, Salo H, Virta P. Synthesis of Site-Specific Antibody-[60]Fullerene-Oligonucleotide Conjugates for Cellular Targeting. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3189-3198. [PMID: 37432881 PMCID: PMC10445261 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
An ideal therapeutic antibody-oligonucleotide conjugate (AOC) would be a uniform construct, contain a maximal oligonucleotide (ON) payload, and retain the antibody (Ab)-mediated binding properties, which leads to an efficient delivery of the ON cargo to the site of therapeutic action. Herein, [60]fullerene-based molecular spherical nucleic acids (MSNAs) have been site-specifically conjugated to antibodies (Abs), and the Ab-mediated cellular targeting of the MSNA-Ab conjugates has been studied. A well-established glycan engineering technology and robust orthogonal click chemistries yielded the desired uniform MSNA-Ab conjugates (MW ∼ 270 kDa), with an oligonucleotide (ON):Ab ratio of 24:1, in 20-26% isolated yields. These AOCs retained the antigen binding properties (Trastuzumab's binding to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2), studied by biolayer interferometry. In addition, Ab-mediated endocytosis was demonstrated with live-cell fluorescence and phase-contrast microscopy on BT-474 breast carcinoma cells, overexpressing HER2. The effect on cell proliferation was analyzed by label-free live-cell time-lapse imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Äärelä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Räsänen
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Patrik Holm
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Salo
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Virta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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16
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Li S, Zhang H, Zhu M, Kuang Z, Li X, Xu F, Miao S, Zhang Z, Lou X, Li H, Xia F. Electrochemical Biosensors for Whole Blood Analysis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37262362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood, as one of the most significant biological fluids, provides critical information for health management and disease monitoring. Over the past 10 years, advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and biomarker research have spurred the development of powerful miniaturized diagnostic systems for whole blood testing toward the goal of disease monitoring and treatment. Among the techniques employed for whole-blood diagnostics, electrochemical biosensors, as known to be rapid, sensitive, capable of miniaturization, reagentless and washing free, become a class of emerging technology to achieve the target detection specifically and directly in complex media, e.g., whole blood or even in the living body. Here we are aiming to provide a comprehensive review to summarize advances over the past decade in the development of electrochemical sensors for whole blood analysis. Further, we address the remaining challenges and opportunities to integrate electrochemical sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Man Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhujun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zishuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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17
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Dogan I, Aydin E, Khanmammadov N, Paksoy N, Saip P, Aydiner A. Termination of trastuzumab in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients who received trastuzumab beyond progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8779. [PMID: 37258548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the prognosis of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients who received trastuzumab beyond progression and investigate the predictors of complete response. HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients who received long-term trastuzumab were included in the study. Predictors of complete response were analyzed with binary regression analysis. The prognosis of patients who had their trastuzumab-based treatment terminated was assessed. Eighty patients were involved in the study. The patients were received with trastuzumab for a median of 62 months (12-191). A complete response was observed in 60 (75%) patients. The median duration to development of complete response was found as 14.8 months (2.4-55). In logistic regression analysis: using endocrine therapy with trastuzumab (p = 0.04), menopausal status (p = 0.03), and the number of metastatic sites (p = 0.01) were found to be statistically significant factors for a complete response. Trastuzumab-based therapy of fifteen patients was terminated, six (40%) patients continued to receive an aromatase inhibitor, and nine (60%) patients were followed up without treatment. After termination of trastuzumab, at a median follow-up of 32 months (11-66), recurrence was detected in two (13.3%) patients. We detected that menopausal status, the number of metastatic sites, and using endocrine therapy with trastuzumab were predictors of complete response in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients who received long-term trastuzumab-based therapy. We observed that HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients may be completely cured with trastuzumab-based therapy. There are no defined criteria for termination of trastuzumab treatment in this selected patient group. It is necessary to confirm our data with multicenter studies involving a large number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzet Dogan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Millet Street/Fatih, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey.
| | - Esra Aydin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Millet Street/Fatih, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Nijat Khanmammadov
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Millet Street/Fatih, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Nail Paksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Millet Street/Fatih, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Pinar Saip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Millet Street/Fatih, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Adnan Aydiner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Millet Street/Fatih, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
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18
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Abuohashish H, Alamri A, Shahin S, Almazrou D, Alkhamis T, Omar O. Bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, promotes orthodontic tooth movement in an experimental rat model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16217. [PMID: 37215827 PMCID: PMC10199243 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in Wistar rats. Materials and methods The OTM model was constructed by placing an orthodontic coil spring between the maxillary first molar and anterior tooth. Bevacizumab (Avastin®; 10 mg/kg twice per week) was started one week before the OTM and continued for 3 weeks. After 1 and 2 weeks, OTM distance and anterior tooth mobility were measured. Thereafter, the maxilla was dissected for micro-CT microarchitectural analysis, followed by histological analysis, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Moreover, the distributions of collagen fibers type-I and -III (Col-I and Col-III) were evaluated using Picro-Sirius red staining. Results Orthodontic force prompted bone resorption and formation on the pressure and tension sides, respectively. Bevacizumab therapy resulted in a 42% increase of OTM, particularly after 2 weeks. Furthermore, bevacizumab disturbed the morphometric structure at both pressure and tension sites. The histological evaluation indicated about 35-44% fewer osteoblasts in the bevacizumab group, especially at the tension side, whereas the proportion of TRAP-positive osteoclasts at the pressure side was 34-37% higher than the control. The mature Col-I was reduced at the tension site by 33%, whereas the Col-III/Col-I ratio was enhanced by 20-44% at pressure and tension sites, after 2 weeks, in the bevacizumab group. Conclusion Anti-vascular bevacizumab therapy accentuates OTM in rat model, possibly through the enhancement of bone resorption, at the pressure side, and the reduction of bone formation, at the tension side as well as dysregulation of collagen fibers distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Abuohashish
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Shahin
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Almazrou
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taleb Alkhamis
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Omar
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Jung D, Almstedt K, Battista MJ, Seeger A, Jäkel J, Brenner W, Hasenburg A. Immunohistochemical markers of prognosis in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary - a review. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:50. [PMID: 36869369 PMCID: PMC9983179 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are rare malignant ovarian tumors. The two subtypes, adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumors, differ in clinical and molecular characteristics. GCT are low-malignant tumors and are generally associated with favorable prognosis. However, relapses are common even years and decades after diagnosis. Prognostic and predictive factors are difficult to assess in this rare tumor entity. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on prognostic markers of GCT to identify patients with a high risk of recurrence. METHODS Systematic research for adult ovarian granulosa cell tumors and prognosis revealed n = 409 English full text results from 1965 to 2021. Of these articles, n = 35 were considered for this review after title and abstract screening and topic-specific matching. A specific search for pathologic markers with prognostic relevance for GCT identified n = 19 articles that were added to this review. RESULTS FOXL2 mutation and FOXL2 mRNA were inverse and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CD56, GATA-4 and SMAD3 was associated with reduced prognosis. IHC analysis of estrogen receptor, Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin was not associated with prognosis for GCT. Analyses of mitotic rate, Ki-67, p53, β-catenin and HER2 revealed inconsistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jung
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
| | - Katrin Almstedt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Marco J Battista
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Alexander Seeger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Jörg Jäkel
- Department of Pathology, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Annette Hasenburg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
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20
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Kumar Sharma A, Satpati D, Sharma R, Das A, Dev Sarma H, Mukherjee A. Targeting HER2-Receptors with 177Lu-Labeled Triazole Stapled Cyclic Peptidomimetic. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106503. [PMID: 37037128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study on-resin Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction was performed to synthesize triazole-stapled cyclic peptidomimetic, DOTA-c[TZ]A9 targeting HER2 receptor expression in breast cancers. Spectroscopic (circular dichroism) and docking analysis provided evidence of enhanced helicity and secondary structure stabilization along with improved HER2 affinity in comparison to the corresponding linear peptide, DOTA-[Pra1, Aza7]A9. 177Lu-labeled cyclic peptide, 177Lu-DOTA-c[TZ]A9 displayed higher in vitro serum stability and in vivo metabolic stability and better HER2 binding affinity {Kd of 16.93 ± 3.02 nM} than the linear counterpart, [177Lu]DOTA-[Pra1, Aza7]A9 {Kd of 26.28 ± 2.87 nM}. Biodistribution profile in SKBR3 tumor bearing SCID mice demonstrated elevated radioactivity levels and prolonged retention of cyclic peptide in the tumor compared to the linear peptide. Thus, solid phase click cyclization technique can be extended towards preparation of triazole-stapled peptides targeting different receptors with improved stability and efficacy.
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MacPherson DS, Hwang D, Sarrett SM, Keinänen O, Rodriguez C, Rader C, Zeglis BM. Leveraging a Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulin to Create a Site-Specifically Modified Radioimmunoconjugate. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:775-782. [PMID: 36377696 PMCID: PMC10263003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Site-specifically modified radioimmunoconjugates exhibit superior in vitro and in vivo behavior compared to analogues synthesized via traditional stochastic methods. However, the development of approaches to site-specific bioconjugation that combine high levels of selectivity, simple reaction conditions, and clinical translatability remains a challenge. Herein, we describe a novel solution to this problem: the use of dual-variable domain immunoglobulins (DVD-IgG). More specifically, we report the synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and in vivo validation of a 177Lu-labeled radioimmunoconjugate based on HER2DVD, a DVD-IgG containing the HER2-targeting variable domains of trastuzumab and the catalytic variable domains of IgG h38C2. To this end, we first modified HER2DVD with a phenyloxadiazolyl methlysulfone-modified variant of the chelator CHX-A″-DTPA (PODS-CHX-A''-DTPA) and verified the site-specificity of the conjugation for the reactive lysines within the catalytic domains via chemical assay, MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, and SDS-PAGE. The chelator-bearing immunoconjugate was subsequently labeled with [177Lu]Lu3+ to produce the completed radioimmunoconjugate, [177Lu]Lu-CHX-A″-DTPAPODS-HER2DVD, in >80% radiochemical conversion and a specific activity of 29.5 ± 7.1 GBq/μmol. [177Lu]Lu-CHX-A″-DTPAPODS-HER2DVD did not form aggregates upon prolonged incubation in human serum, displayed 87% stability to demetalation over a 7 days of incubation in serum, and exhibited an immunoreactive fraction of 0.95 with HER2-coated beads. Finally, we compared the pharmacokinetic profile of [177Lu]Lu-CHX-A″-DTPAPODS-HER2DVD to that of a 177Lu-labeled variant of trastuzumab in mice bearing subcutaneous HER2-expressing BT-474 human breast cancer xenografts. The in vivo performance of [177Lu]Lu-CHX-A″-DTPAPODS-HER2DVD matched that of 177Lu-labeled trastuzumab, with the former producing a tumoral activity concentration of 34.1 ± 12.1 %ID/g at 168 h and tumor-to-blood, tumor-to-liver, and tumor-to-kidney activity concentration ratios of 10.5, 9.6, and 21.8, respectively, at the same time point. Importantly, the DVD-IgG did not exhibit a substantially longer serum half-life than the traditional IgG despite its significantly larger size (202 kDa for the former vs 148 kDa for the latter). Taken together, these data suggest that DVD-IgGs represent a viable platform for the future development of highly effective site-specifically labeled radioimmunoconjugates for diagnostic imaging, theranostic imaging, and radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. MacPherson
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Dobeen Hwang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Samantha M. Sarrett
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Outi Keinänen
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cindy Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 520 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Miladinova D. Molecular imaging of HER2 receptor: Targeting HER2 for imaging and therapy in nuclear medicine. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1144817. [PMID: 36936995 PMCID: PMC10018203 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1144817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting HER 2 for imaging and therapy in nuclear medicine has been used with a special emphasis on developing more powerful radiopharmaceuticals. Zirconium-89 plays an essential role in immune PET imaging so was used labeled with anti-HER2 antibody (Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab). Also there were attempts with other PET tracers as Cuprum-64 and Galium-68, as well as SPECT radiopharmaceuticals Indium-111 and Technetium- 99m. Regarding antibody pharmacokinetic that is not quite appropriate for imaging acquisition, several smaller molecules with shorter residence times have been developed. These molecules called nanobody, affibody, minibody do not compromize HER2 receptor affinity and specificity. Excess of Trastuzumab do not block the affinity of labeled affibodies. Silica nanoparticles have been conjugated to anti-HER2 antibodies to enable targeting of HER2 expressing cells with potential of drug delivery carry for antitumor agents and b(beta) or a(alfa) emitting radioisotopes commonly used for radionuclide therapy, as Iodine-131, Lutetium-177, Yttrium-90, Rhenium-188 and Thorium-277.
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23
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From protein biomarkers to proteomics in dementia with Lewy Bodies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101771. [PMID: 36328346 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia. Despite considerable research progress, there remain gaps in our understanding of the pathophysiology and there is no disease-modifying treatment. Proteomics is a powerful tool to elucidate complex biological pathways across heterogenous conditions. This review summarizes the widely used proteomic methods and presents evidence for protein dysregulation in the brain and peripheral tissues in DLB. Proteomics of post-mortem brain tissue shows that DLB shares common features with other dementias, such as synaptic dysfunction, but retains a unique protein signature. Promising diagnostic biomarkers are being identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and peripheral tissues, such as serum Heart-type fatty acid binding protein. Research is needed to track these changes from the prodromal stage to established dementia, with standardized workflows to ensure replicability. Identifying novel protein targets in causative biological pathways could lead to the development of new targeted therapeutics or the stratification of participants for clinical trials.
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Mohammadnezhad G, Sattarpour M, Moradi N. Budget impact analysis of breast cancer medications: a systematic review. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:105. [PMID: 36581921 PMCID: PMC9801587 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer globally among women, with 2,261,419 new cases in 2020; systemic treatment may be neo-adjuvant, adjuvant, or both. BC subtype guides the standard systemic therapy administered, which consists of endocrine therapy for all HR + tumors, trastuzumab-based HER2-directed antibody therapy plus chemotherapy for all HER2 + tumors (with endocrine therapy given in addition, if concurrent HR positivity), and chemotherapy alone for the triple-negative subtype. This study aimed to identify, evaluate, and systematically review all budget impact analyses (BIAs) of BC medications worldwide. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases were thoroughly searched up to 26th March 2022 to identify original published studies which evaluate BIA of BC medications. ISPOR Task Force guidelines were used to assess the quality of included studies. This study was conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS In total, 17 BIAs were included in the study. About half of the studies were conducted in Europe. The results of the BIAs showed that most of the included BIAs are conducted from the payer's perspective; they have different methodological frameworks for recommended chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy agents to treat BC. For the same medications, the results of budgetary effects are not consistent in diverse countries. Nine out of the 17 studies were focused on trastuzumab, in which the biosimilar form reduced costs, but the brand form increased costs, especially in a 52-week treatment period. CONCLUSION Researchers should conduct the budget impact analysis of high-value medications such as anti-tumor drugs more objectively, and the accuracy of parameters needs to be more strictly guaranteed. Furthermore, it is worthy of declaring that the budgetary impact of the same drug is not always consistent over time, so the researchers should measure access to medication in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Mohammadnezhad
- grid.411600.2School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Sattarpour
- grid.411600.2School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Alrhmoun S, Sennikov S. The Role of Tumor-Associated Antigen HER2/neu in Tumor Development and the Different Approaches for Using It in Treatment: Many Choices and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:6173. [PMID: 36551661 PMCID: PMC9776683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of HER2-positive cancers has changed significantly over the past ten years thanks to a significant number of promising new approaches that have been added to our arsenal in the fight against cancer, including monoclonal antibodies, inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, antibody-drug conjugates, vaccination, and particularly, adoptive-T-cell therapy after its great success in hematological malignancies. Equally important is the new methodology for determining patients eligible for targeted HER2 therapy, which has doubled the number of patients who can benefit from these treatments. However, despite the initial enthusiasm, there are still several problems in this field represented by drug resistance and tumor recurrence that require the further development of new more efficient drugs. In this review, we discuss various approaches for targeting the HER2 molecule in cancer treatment, highlighting their benefits and drawbacks, along with the different mechanisms responsible for resistance to HER2-targeted therapies and how to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alrhmoun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Immunology, V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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26
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Jin Y, Qiu X, He Z, Wang J, Sa R, Chen L. ERBB2 as a prognostic biomarker correlates with immune infiltrates in papillary thyroid cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:966365. [PMID: 36437939 PMCID: PMC9682178 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.966365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2) is commonly over-expressed in advanced or metastatic tissues of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with poor prognosis, while it remains unknown whether ERBB2 plays a role in the progression of PTC. Thus, we analyzed the data derived from online repositories, including TCGA, KEGG, GO, GeneMANIA, and STRING, to explore the relationship between ERBB2 expression and prognosis, tumor phenotypes of interest, and immune infiltrates in PTC. Compared to normal thyroid tissue, ERBB2 was up-regulated in PTC samples (p < 0.001); In comparison with the group with low expression of ERBB2, the group with high expression of ERBB2 had poorer progression-free interval in stage III/IV patients (p = 0.008) and patients aged >45 years (p = 0.019). The up-regulated ERBB2 was associated with iodine metabolism dysfunction, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. The expression of ERBB2 negatively correlated with enrichment scores of B cells (r = −0.176, p < 0.001), CD8+ T cells (r = −0.160, p < 0.001), cytotoxic cells (r = −0.219, p < 0.001), NK CD56dim cells (r = −0.218, p < 0.001), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (r = −0.267, p < 0.001), T cells (r = −0.164, p < 0.001), T follicular helper cells (r = −0.111, p = 0.012), gamma delta T cells (r = −0.105, p = 0.017), and regulatory T cells (r = −0.125, p = 0.005). In conclusion, ERBB2 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and an immunotherapeutic target in PTC, deserving further exploration.
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27
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Bai B, Wang H, Li Y, de Haan K, Colonnese F, Wan Y, Zuo J, Doan NB, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Li J, Yang X, Dong W, Darrow MA, Kamangar E, Lee HS, Rivenson Y, Ozcan A. Label-Free Virtual HER2 Immunohistochemical Staining of Breast Tissue using Deep Learning. BME FRONTIERS 2022; 2022:9786242. [PMID: 37850170 PMCID: PMC10521710 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9786242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) biomarker is widely practiced in breast tissue analysis, preclinical studies, and diagnostic decisions, guiding cancer treatment and investigation of pathogenesis. HER2 staining demands laborious tissue treatment and chemical processing performed by a histotechnologist, which typically takes one day to prepare in a laboratory, increasing analysis time and associated costs. Here, we describe a deep learning-based virtual HER2 IHC staining method using a conditional generative adversarial network that is trained to rapidly transform autofluorescence microscopic images of unlabeled/label-free breast tissue sections into bright-field equivalent microscopic images, matching the standard HER2 IHC staining that is chemically performed on the same tissue sections. The efficacy of this virtual HER2 staining framework was demonstrated by quantitative analysis, in which three board-certified breast pathologists blindly graded the HER2 scores of virtually stained and immunohistochemically stained HER2 whole slide images (WSIs) to reveal that the HER2 scores determined by inspecting virtual IHC images are as accurate as their immunohistochemically stained counterparts. A second quantitative blinded study performed by the same diagnosticians further revealed that the virtually stained HER2 images exhibit a comparable staining quality in the level of nuclear detail, membrane clearness, and absence of staining artifacts with respect to their immunohistochemically stained counterparts. This virtual HER2 staining framework bypasses the costly, laborious, and time-consuming IHC staining procedures in laboratory and can be extended to other types of biomarkers to accelerate the IHC tissue staining used in life sciences and biomedical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijie Bai
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hongda Wang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin de Haan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Yujie Wan
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jingyi Zuo
- Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ngan B. Doan
- Translational Pathology Core Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jingxi Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xilin Yang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wenjie Dong
- Statistics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Morgan Angus Darrow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Elham Kamangar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Han Sung Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yair Rivenson
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Akinnusi PA, Olubode SO, Adebesin AO, Nana TA, Shodehinde SA. Discovery of Promising Inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), Estrogen Receptor (ER), and Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase a (PI3Ka) for Personalized Breast Cancer Treatment. Cancer Inform 2022; 21:11769351221127862. [PMID: 36213305 PMCID: PMC9536107 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221127862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid developments and advancements to improve treatments, Breast cancer remains one of the deadliest health challenges and the most frequently diagnosed tumor. One of the major problems with treatment is the unique difference that each cancerous cell exhibits. As a result, treatment of breast cancer has now become more personalized based on the specific features of the tumor such as overexpression of growth factor receptors (Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)), hormone receptors (Human Estrogen receptor alpha (ER)) and kinases involved in pivotal signaling associated with growth (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)). Several chemotherapeutic agents have been developed to curb the menace, but the associated adverse drug effects cannot be overlooked. To this end, this study employed a molecular modeling approach to identify novel compounds of natural origin that can potentially antagonize the receptors (mentioned above) associated with the pathophysiology of breast cancer and at the same time pose very little or no side effects. The results of the molecular model of biological interactions between a library of 118 anthocyanins and the binding pockets of the protein targets identified 5 compounds (Pelargonin, Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside, Malvin, Cyanidin-3-(6-acetylglucoside), and Peonidin 3-O-rutinoside) with good binding affinities to the protein targets. Further MM-GBSA calculations returned high binding energies. The specific molecular interactions between the compounds and the targets were analyzed and reported herein. Also, all the compounds exhibited good pharmacokinetic profiles and are therefore recommended for further analyses as they could be explored as new treatment options for a broad range and personalized breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious A Akinnusi
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria,Precious A Akinnusi, Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo 342111, Nigeria.
| | - Samuel O Olubode
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Ayomide O Adebesin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Genomics Lab, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
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29
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Hermansyah D, Firsty NN, Alhudawy MN, Nasution RA. The Combination of CDK 4/6 Inhibitors plus Endocrine Treatment versus Endocrine Treatment Alone in Hormone-receptor (HR)-Positive breast Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Arch 2022; 76:333-342. [PMID: 36545458 PMCID: PMC9760242 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2022.76.333-342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of the novel targeted therapy i.e., cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4/6 inhibitor as combined with the endocrine regimen revealed a considerable capability to increase the managements' effectivity of hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) and HER2- breast cancer (BC). Objective This study aims to compare the latter combination strategies versus hormonal therapy alone to determine its applicability in the treatment of HR+/HER2- BC. Methods We established the review based on the clinical trials as collected from several scientific databases from January 2011 to April 2021. RevMan 5.4 was utilized in statistical analysis and risk of bias (RoB) measurement. 5110 participants from 9 different trials were included in this review with similar baseline characteristics. Results According to our analysis of the intention-to-treat (ITT) group, CDK 4/6 inhibitor arms exhibited better overall response rate (ORR) as indicated by the relative risk (RR) (randomized-effect model (REM), 1.59 [1.37, 1.86]; 95% confidence interval (CI); P <0.00001) and higher clinical benefit rate (CBR) (RR, 1.22 [1.13, 1.32]; 95% CI; REM; P <0.00001). The combination regiment also proved to be effective in reducing the rate of progressive disease (PD) in the ITT group (RR 0.46 [0.39, 0.54]; CI 95%; FEM; P <0.00001. Although the rate of adverse effects especially the hematological reactions was significantly lower in the endocrine alone arm, other system reactions were fairly comparable. Conclusion The introduction of CDK 4/6 inhibitor to the endocrine-based regiment is proved beneficial to patients with HR+/HER2- BC even though the most recommended anti-hormonal to be combined remains questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedy Hermansyah
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Naufal Nandita Firsty
- Undergraduate Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Nuh Alhudawy
- Undergraduate Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Raja Alwan Nasution
- Undergraduate Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Liu X, Fang Y, Li Y, Li Y, Qi L, Wang X. Pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab compared to trastuzumab in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Oncol 2022; 12:894861. [PMID: 36249045 PMCID: PMC9555237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.894861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although dual anti-HER2 therapy, namely, pertuzumab plus trastuzumab, has shown promising results in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (BC), it is still unclear whether dual therapy will increase adverse effects (AEs) while ensuring the efficacy compared with trastuzumab monotherapy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of combined therapy with monotherapy. Methods A systematic search was performed to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the administration of dual anti-HER2 therapy [pertuzumab plus trastuzumab or trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)] versus monotherapy (trastuzumab or T-DM1). The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Fourteen RCTs (8,378 patients) were identified. Compared to monotherapy, dual therapy significantly improved the OS (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59–0.99) and PFS (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63–0.86) in advanced BC. In neoadjuvant therapy, dual blockade has a higher ORR rate than monotherapy. Grade 3 or higher febrile neutropenia, diarrhea, and anemia as well as heart failure were more frequently reported in dual therapy compared to monotherapy. No significant difference in serious AEs was observed between the two groups. In the subgroup analysis, compared to single-target therapy, dual-target therapy has higher OS and PFS rates in Asian patients with advanced therapy; however, total grade ≥3 AEs and serious AEs were significantly higher in the dual group in Asian patients. Conclusions Our study confirms that the combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab therapy could substantially improve the outcome of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and was well tolerated compared to trastuzumab monotherapy.
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Morais SR, K C, Jeyabalan S, Wong LS, Sekar M, Chidambaram K, Gan SH, Begum MY, Izzati Mat Rani NN, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria S, Fuloria NK, Safi SZ, Sathasivam KV, Selvaraj S, Sharma VK. Anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosine. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2022; 9. [DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.950880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The rate of breast cancer is rapidly increasing and discovering medications with therapeutic effects play a significant role in women’s health. Drugs derived from marine sponges have recently received FDA approval for the treatment of malignant tumors, including metastatic breast cancer. Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) is mainly obtained from the western coastal region of India, and its anticancer potential has not been explored. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira extracts and its bioactive molecule sphingosine. The extracts were prepared using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The cytotoxic potential of the extracts were determined by an in-vitro MTT assay using SK-BR-3 cancer cell line. Subsequently, acute toxicity investigation was conducted in Swiss albino mice. Then, the anticancer effects of the extract was investigated in a xenograft model of SK-BR-3 caused breast cancer. DAPI staining was used to assess the extract’s ability to induce apoptosis. In addition, in-silico study was conducted on sphingosine with extracellular site of HER2. The ethyl acetate extract of Spirastrella pachyspira (IC50: 0.04 µg/ml) showed comparable anticancer effects with standard doxorubicin (IC50: 0.054 µg/ml). The LD50 of the extracts in acute toxicity testing was fund to be 2000 mg/kg b.wt. The survival index of mice in ethanol extract was 83.33%, whereas that of standard doxirubicin was 100%, indicating that ethyl acetate extract Spirastrella pachyspira has good antiproliferative/cytotoxic properties. The results were well comparable with standard doxorubicin. Further, the docking studies of sphingosine against HER2 demonstrated that the bioactive molecule engage with the extracellular region of HER2 and block the protein as also shown by standard trastuzumab. The findings of this research suggest that Spirastrella pachyspira and sphingosine may be potential candidate for the treatments of breast cancer, particularly for HER2 positive cells. Overall, the present results demonstrate that sphingosine looks like a promising molecule for the development of new drugs for the treatment of cancer. However, in order to carefully define the sphingosine risk-benefit ratio, future research should focus on evaluating in-vivo and clinical anticancer studies. This will involve balancing both their broad-spectrum effectiveness and their toxicity.
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Widyananda MH, Wicaksono ST, Rahmawati K, Puspitarini S, Ulfa SM, Jatmiko YD, Masruri M, Widodo N. A Potential Anticancer Mechanism of Finger Root ( Boesenbergia rotunda) Extracts against a Breast Cancer Cell Line. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:9130252. [PMID: 36106139 PMCID: PMC9467824 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer women suffer from worldwide in 2020 and the 4th leading cause of cancer death. Boesenbergia rotunda is an herb with high potential as an anticancer agent. This study explores the potential bioactive compounds in B. rotunda as anti-breast cancer agents using in silico and in vitro approaches. The in silico study was used for active compound analysis, selection of anticancer compound candidates, prediction of target protein, functional annotation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation, respectively. The in vitro study was conducted by measurement toxicity, rhodamine 123, and apoptosis assays on T47D cells. Based on the KNApSAcK database, B. rotunda contained 20 metabolites, which are dominated by chalcone and flavonoid groups. Seven of them were predicted to have anticancer activity, namely, sakuranetin, cardamonin, alpinetin, 2S-pinocembrin, 7.4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanone, 5.6-dehydrokawain, and pinostrobin chalcone. These compounds targeted proteins related to cancer progression pathways such as the PI3K/Akt, FOXO, JAK/STAT, and estrogen signaling pathways. Therefore, these compounds are predicted to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of cancer cells through their interactions with MMP12, MMP13, CDK4, JAK3, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and KCNA3. Anticancer activity of B. rotunda through in vitro study confirmed that B. rotunda extract is strong cytotoxic and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines. This study concludes that Boesenbergia rotunda has potency as an anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Septian Tri Wicaksono
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Kurnia Rahmawati
- Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sapti Puspitarini
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Siti Mariyah Ulfa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Dwi Jatmiko
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Masruri Masruri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Macias RIR, Cardinale V, Kendall TJ, Avila MA, Guido M, Coulouarn C, Braconi C, Frampton AE, Bridgewater J, Overi D, Pereira SP, Rengo M, Kather JN, Lamarca A, Pedica F, Forner A, Valle JW, Gaudio E, Alvaro D, Banales JM, Carpino G. Clinical relevance of biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma: critical revision and future directions. Gut 2022; 71:1669-1683. [PMID: 35580963 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumour arising from the biliary system. In Europe, this tumour frequently presents as a sporadic cancer in patients without defined risk factors and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers represents an utmost need for patients with CCA. Numerous studies proposed a wide spectrum of biomarkers at tissue and molecular levels. With the present paper, a multidisciplinary group of experts within the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma discusses the clinical role of tissue biomarkers and provides a selection based on their current relevance and potential applications in the framework of CCA. Recent advances are proposed by dividing biomarkers based on their potential role in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy response. Limitations of current biomarkers are also identified, together with specific promising areas (ie, artificial intelligence, patient-derived organoids, targeted therapy) where research should be focused to develop future biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matias A Avila
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cedric Coulouarn
- UMR_S 1242, COSS, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, INSERM University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - John Bridgewater
- Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Rengo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jakob N Kather
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Medical Oncology/Institute of Cancer Sciences, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Federica Pedica
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro Forner
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,BCLC group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona. IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan W Valle
- Medical Oncology/Institute of Cancer Sciences, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
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Bledsoe MJ, Grizzle WE. The Use of Human Tissues for Research: What Investigators Need to Know. Altern Lab Anim 2022; 50:265-274. [PMID: 35801971 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While laboratory animals are necessary for some aspects of the development of scientific and biomedical advances, including those of precision medicine, the use of human tissues is necessary in order to explore the findings and ensure that they are relevant to human systems. Many sources of human tissues exist, but researchers - particularly those making the transition from animal to human systems - may not be aware of how best to find quality sources of human tissues or how best to use them in their research. In this article, we discuss the advantages of using human tissues in research. In addition, we highlight some of the major advances made possible through the use of human tissue, and describe how human tissue is collected for research. We discuss the various types of bioresources that make human tissue available, and advise on how investigators can find and use appropriate bioresources to support their research - with the hope that this information will help facilitate the transition from research on animals to research using human tissues, as rapidly as is practicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William E Grizzle
- Department of Pathology; 9968University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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35
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In Situ Prodrug Activation by an Affibody‐Ruthenium Catalyst Hybrid for HER2‐Targeted Chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202855. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Rakha EA, Chmielik E, Schmitt FC, Tan PH, Quinn CM, Gallagy G. Assessment of Predictive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Updates. Pathobiology 2022; 89:263-277. [PMID: 35728576 DOI: 10.1159/000525092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with breast cancer (BC) relies on the assessment of a defined set of well-established prognostic and predictive markers. Despite overlap, prognostic markers are used to assess the risk of recurrence and the likely benefit of systemic therapy, whereas predictive markers are used to determine the type of systemic therapy to be offered to an individual patient. In this review, we provide an update and present some challenges in the assessment of the main BC-specific molecular predictive markers, namely hormone receptors (oestrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PR]), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and KI67. As the main platform for assessing these markers in BC is immunohistochemistry (IHC), we address the cut-off values used to define positivity, the ER-low subgroup, the existence and significance of the ER-/PR+ phenotype, the use of PR in routine practice, and the role of hormone receptors in ductal carcinoma in situ. We discuss the newly introduced HER2-low class of BC and the clinical/biological difference between different HER2 groups (e.g., HER2 IHC score 3+ BCs vs. those with a HER2 IHC score 2+ with HER2 gene amplification). The review concludes with an update on the applications of KI67 assessment in BC and observations on the role of immune checkpoint identification in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Chmielik
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Fernando C Schmitt
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP) and Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,RISE (Health Research Network) @ CINTESIS (Center for Health Technology and Services Research), Porto, Portugal
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cecily M Quinn
- Department of Histopathology, BreastCheck, Irish National Breast Screening Programme and St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin and University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Gallagy
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Exploring a Computational Method for Evaluating the Epinecidin-1 and Its Variants Binding Efficacy with Breast Cancer Receptor (HER-2). Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Wang J, Katsaros D, Biglia N, Fu Y, Benedetto C, Loo L, Wang Z, Yu H. LncRNA ZNF582-AS1 Expression and Methylation in Breast Cancer and Its Biological and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2788. [PMID: 35681777 PMCID: PMC9179509 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in cellular activities and functions, but our understanding of their involvement in cancer is limited. Methods: TCGA data on RNA expression and DNA methylation were analyzed for lncRNAs' association with breast cancer survival, using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Fresh tumor samples and clinical information from 361 breast cancer patients in our study were used to confirm the TCGA finding on ZNF582-AS1. A RT-qPCR method was developed to measure ZNF582-AS1 expression. Survival associations with ZNF582-AS1 were verified with a meta-analysis. In silico predictions of molecular targets and cellular functions of ZNF582-AS1 were performed based on its molecular signatures and nucleotide sequences. Results:ZNF582-AS1 expression was lower in breast tumors than adjacent normal tissues. Low ZNF582-AS1 was associated with high-grade or ER-negative tumors. Patients with high ZNF582-AS1 had a lower risk of relapse and death. These survival associations were confirmed in a meta-analysis and remained significant after adjustment for tumor grade, disease stage, patient age, and hormone receptor status. Correlation analysis indicated the possible suppression of ZNF582-AS1 expression by promoter methylation. Bioinformatics interrogation of molecular signatures suggested that ZNF582-AS1 could suppress tumor cell proliferation via downregulating the HER2-mediated signaling pathway. Analysis of online data also suggested that HIF-1-related transcription factors could suppress ZNF582-AS1 expression, and the lncRNA might bind to hsa-miR-940, a known oncogenic miRNA in breast cancer. Conclusions: ZNF582-AS1 may play a role in suppressing breast cancer progression. Elucidating the lncRNA's function and regulation may improve our understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (J.W.); (Y.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecology, AOU Città della Salute, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10124 Turin, Italy; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Nicoletta Biglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Mauriziano Hospital, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (J.W.); (Y.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecology, AOU Città della Salute, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10124 Turin, Italy; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Lenora Loo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (J.W.); (Y.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (J.W.); (Y.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (J.W.); (Y.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
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Chen Y, Xu J, Pan W, Xu X, Ma X, Chu Y, Wang L, Pang S, Li Y, Zou B, Zhou G, Gu J. Galectin‐3 enhances trastuzumab resistance by regulating cancer malignancy and stemness in
HER2
‐positive breast cancer cells. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1961-1973. [PMID: 35599381 PMCID: PMC9250839 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the role of galectin‐3 in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer cells and the potential mechanism. Methods Kaplan–Meier (KM)‐plot and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were used to study the role of galectin‐3 in the prognosis of HER2‐positive breast cancer. The effects of galectin‐3 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation ability in HER2‐positive breast cancer cells were examined. The relationship between galectin‐3 and important components in the HER2 pathways, including HER2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), protein kinase B (AKT), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), was further studied. Lentivirus and CRISPR/Cas9 were used to construct stable cell lines. Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and apoptosis assays were used to study the relationship between galectin‐3 and trastuzumab. The effect of galectin‐3 on cell stemness was studied by mammosphere formation assay. The effects of galectin‐3 on stemness biomarkers and the Notch1 pathway were examined. Tumorigenic models were used to evaluate the effects of galectin‐3 on tumorigenesis and the therapeutic effect of trastuzumab in vivo. Results HER2‐positive breast cancer patients with a high expression level of LGALS3 (the gene encoding galectin‐3) messenger RNA (mRNA) showed a poor prognosis. Galectin‐3 promoted cancer malignancy through phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway activation and upregulated stemness by activating the Notch1 signaling pathway in HER2‐positive breast cancer cells. These two factors contributed to the enhancement of trastuzumab resistance in cells. Knockout of LGALS3 had a synergistic therapeutic effect with trastuzumab both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Galectin‐3 may represent a prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for HER2‐positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Chen
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Wang Pan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Xiaofan Xu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Xueping Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Ya'nan Chu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Lu Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Shuyun Pang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yujiao Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Bingjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, School of Pharmacy Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jun Gu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
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Zhu T, Loyez M, Chah K, Caucheteur C. Partially gold-coated tilted FBGs for enhanced surface biosensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:16518-16529. [PMID: 36221493 DOI: 10.1364/oe.458548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To date, there is clear experimental evidence that gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) are highly sensitive plasmonic biosensors that provide temperature-compensated detection of analytes at concentrations in the picomolar range. As most optical biosensors, they bring an evanescent wave in the surrounding medium, which makes them sensitive to both surface refractive index variations (= the useful biosensing signal) and to bulk refractive index changes (= the non-useful signal for biosensing). This dual sensitivity makes them prone to drift. In this work, we study partially gold-coated TFBGs around their cross-section. These gratings present the ability to discriminate both volume and surface refractive index changes, which is interesting in biosensing to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. The effects induced in the TFBGs transmitted amplitude spectra were analyzed for surrounding refractive index (SRI) changes in the range 1.3360-1.3370. Then, the gold film was biofunctionalized with human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) aptamers using thiol chemistry. The detection of HER2 proteins (a relevant cancer biomarker) at 10-9 g/mL, 10-8 g/mL and 10-6 g/mL demonstrated the advantage to identify environmental perturbations through the bare area of the TFBGs, which is left not functionalized. The non-specific drifts that could exist in samples are eliminated and a wavelength shift only related to the surface modification is obtained.
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In Situ Prodrug Activation by an Affibody–Ruthenium Catalyst Hybrid for HER2‐Targeted Chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Advances in aptamer-based nuclear imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2544-2559. [PMID: 35394153 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are short oligonucleotides that bind to specific target molecules. They have been extensively explored in biomedical applications, including biosensing, medical imaging, and disease treatment. Their adjustable affinity for specific biomarkers stimulates more translational efforts, such as nuclear imaging of tumors in preclinical and clinical settings. In this review, we present recent advances of aptamer-based nuclear imaging and compare aptamer tracers with other biogenic probes in forms of peptides, nanobodies, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody fragments. Fundamental properties of aptamer-based radiotracers are highlighted and potential directions to improve aptamer's imaging performance are discussed. Despite many translational obstacles to overcome, we envision aptamers to be a versatile tool for cancer nuclear imaging in the near future.
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Cao L, Towe CW, Shenk R, Stabellini N, Amin AL, Montero AJ. A comparison of local therapy alone with local plus systemic therapy for stage I pT1aN0M0 HER2+ breast cancer: A National Cancer Database analysis. Cancer 2022; 128:2433-2440. [PMID: 35363881 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small invasive breast cancers (BCs) with tumor sizes ≤5 mm (T1a) are associated with an excellent prognosis without systemic therapy. Although HER2 overexpression (HER2+) is associated with a higher risk of recurrence and poorer clinical outcomes, in the absence of HER2 directed therapy, it remains unclear whether adjuvant systemic therapy is necessary in node-negative patients diagnosed with HER2+ invasive BCs ≤5 mm (pT1aN0M0). METHODS The National Cancer Database was searched to identify patients diagnosed with HER2+ pT1aN0M0 BCs from 2004 to 2017. The cohort was stratified by treatment status: local therapy alone or local plus adjuvant systemic therapy. A 1:1 propensity match was performed. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using stratified multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 8948 patients found, 4026 (45.0%) underwent surgery alone, and 4922 (55.0%) received surgery plus systemic therapy. Patients with either moderately differentiated (odds ratio [OR], 2.053; P < .001) or poorly/undifferentiated tumors (OR, 3.780; P < .001) or with the presence of lymphovascular invasion (OR, 3.351; P < .001) were more likely to have received systemic therapy. Propensity matching generated 1162 pairs of patients who were hormone receptor positive (HR+) and 748 pairs who were hormone receptor negative (HR-). Propensity matching effectively reduced selection bias between study groups. In the matched cohort, the addition of systemic therapy was not associated with superior OS (hazard ratio for HR+, 1.613; P = .107, and hazard ratio for HR- 1.319; P = .369) compared with patients who received local therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS In pT1aN0M0 HER2+ BC, the addition of adjuvant systemic therapy after surgical excision was not associated with improved OS compared with local therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christopher W Towe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert Shenk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes and Effectiveness, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Amanda L Amin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes and Effectiveness, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alberto J Montero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Chen XY, Yung LYL, Tan PH, Bay BH. Harnessing the Immunogenic Potential of Gold Nanoparticle-Based Platforms as a Therapeutic Strategy in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: A Mini Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865554. [PMID: 35432376 PMCID: PMC9008216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Although the implementation of mammography has dramatically increased the early detection rate, conventional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, have significantly improved the prognosis for breast cancer patients. However, about a third of treated breast cancer patients are known to suffer from disease recurrences and progression to metastasis. Immunotherapy has recently gained traction due to its ability to establish long-term immune surveillance, and response for the prevention of disease recurrence and extension of patient survival. Current research findings have revealed that gold nanoparticles can enhance the safety and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, through their unique intrinsic properties of good biocompatibility, durability, convenient surface modification, as well as enhanced permeability and retention effect. Gold nanoparticles are also able to induce innate immune responses through the process of immunogenic cell death, which can lead to the establishment of lasting adaptive immunity. As such gold nanoparticles are considered as good candidates for next generation immunotherapeutic strategies. This mini review gives an overview of gold nanoparticles and their potential applications in breast cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Yue Lanry Yung
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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KCTD15 Is Overexpressed in her2+ Positive Breast Cancer Patients and Its Silencing Attenuates Proliferation in SKBR3 CELL LINE. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030591. [PMID: 35328144 PMCID: PMC8947324 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies carried out in the last decade have demonstrated that the members of the KCTD protein family play active roles in carcinogenesis. Very recently, it has been reported that KCTD15, a protein typically associated with other physio-pathological processes, is involved in medulloblastoma and leukemia. Starting with some preliminary indications that emerged from the analysis of online databases that suggested a possible overexpression of KCTD15 in breast cancer, in this study, we evaluated the expression levels of the protein in breast cancer cell lines and in patients and the effects of its silencing in the HER2+ cell model. The analysis of the KCTD15 levels indicates a significant overexpression of the protein in Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancer patients as well as in the related cell lines. The greatest level of over-expression of the protein was found in HER2+ patients and in the related SKBR3 cell line model system. The effects of KCTD15 silencing in terms of cell proliferation, cell cycle, and sensitivity to doxorubicin were evaluated in the SKBR3 cell line. Notably, the KCTD15 silencing in SKBR3 cells by CRISPR/CAS9 technology significantly attenuates their proliferation and cell cycle progression. Finally, we demonstrated that KCT15 silencing also sensitized SKBR3 cells to the cytotoxic agent doxorubicin, suggesting a possible role of the protein in anti HER2+ therapeutic strategies. Our results highlight a new possible player in HER2 breast cancer carcinogenesis, paving the way for its use in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Abstract
The therapeutic use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as gene regulation agents has been limited by their poor stability and delivery. Although arranging siRNAs into a spherical nucleic acid (SNA) architecture to form siRNA-SNAs increases their stability and uptake, prototypical siRNA-SNAs consist of a hybridized architecture that causes guide strand dissociation from passenger strands, which limits the delivery of active siRNA duplexes. In this study, a new SNA design that directly attaches both siRNA strands to the SNA core through a single hairpin-shaped molecule to prevent guide strand dissociation is introduced and investigated. This hairpin-like architecture increases the number of siRNA duplexes that can be loaded onto an SNA by 4-fold compared to the original hybridized siRNA-SNA architecture. As a result, the hairpin-like siRNA-SNAs exhibit a 6-fold longer half-life in serum and decreased cytotoxicity. In addition, the hairpin-like siRNA-SNA produces more durable gene knockdown than the hybridized siRNA-SNA. This study shows how the chemistry used to immobilize siRNA on nanoparticles can markedly enhance biological function, and it establishes the hairpin-like architecture as a next-generation SNA construct that will be useful in life science and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Vasher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Gokay Yamankurt
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Genistein, a Potential Phytochemical against Breast Cancer Treatment-Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in women. Although widespread successful synthetic drugs are available, natural compounds can also be considered as significant anticancer agents for treating BC. Some natural compounds have similar effects as synthetic drugs with fewer side effects on normal cells. Therefore, we aimed to unravel and analyze several molecular mechanisms of genistein (GNT) against BC. GNT is a type of dietary phytoestrogen included in the flavonoid group with a similar structure to estrogen that might provide a strong alternative and complementary medicine to existing chemotherapeutic drugs. Previous research reported that GNT could target the estrogen receptor (ER) human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and several signaling molecules against multiple BC cell lines and sensitize cancer cell lines to this compound when used at an optimal inhibitory concentration. More specifically, GNT mediates the anticancer mechanism through apoptosis induction, arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis, mammosphere formation, and targeting and suppressing tumor growth factors. Furthermore, it acts via upregulating tumor suppressor genes and downregulating oncogenes in vitro and animal model studies. In addition, this phytochemical synergistically reverses the resistance mechanism of standard chemotherapeutic drugs, increasing their efficacy against BC. Overall, in this review, we discuss several molecular interactions of GNT with numerous cellular targets in the BC model and show its anticancer activities alone and synergistically. We conclude that GNT can have favorable therapeutic advantages when standard drugs are not available in the pharma markets.
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Lau KH, Tan AM, Shi Y. New and Emerging Targeted Therapies for Advanced Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2288. [PMID: 35216405 PMCID: PMC8874375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, breast cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women. Breast cancer is classified into four major subtypes: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Luminal-A, Luminal-B, and Basal-like or triple-negative, based on histopathological criteria including the expression of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor) and/or HER2. Primary breast cancer treatments can include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and/or targeted therapy. Endocrine therapy has been shown to be effective in hormone receptor-positive breast cancers and is a common choice for adjuvant therapy. However, due to the aggressive nature of triple-negative breast cancer, targeted therapy is becoming a noteworthy area of research in the search for non-endocrine-targets in breast cancer. In addition to HER2-targeted therapy, other emerging therapies include immunotherapy and targeted therapy against critical checkpoints and/or pathways in cell growth. This review summarizes novel targeted breast cancer treatments and explores the possible implications of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yihui Shi
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (K.H.L.); (A.M.T.)
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Xu Z, Yang Q, Li M, Gu J, Du C, Chen Y, Li B. Predicting HER2 Status in Breast Cancer on Ultrasound Images Using Deep Learning Method. Front Oncol 2022; 12:829041. [PMID: 35251999 PMCID: PMC8889619 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.829041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer is critical in the treatment with targeted therapy. A 3-block-DenseNet-based deep learning model was developed to predict the expression of HER2 in breast cancer by ultrasound images. Methods The data from 144 breast cancer patients with preoperative ultrasound images and clinical information were retrospectively collected from the Shandong Province Tumor Hospital. An end-to-end 3-block-DenseNet deep learning classifier was built to predict the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 by ultrasound images. The patients were randomly divided into a training (n = 108) and a validation set (n = 36). Results Our proposed deep learning model achieved an encouraging predictive performance in the training set (accuracy = 85.79%, AUC = 0.87) and the validation set (accuracy = 80.56%, AUC = 0.84). The effectiveness of our model significantly exceeded the clinical model and the radiomics model. The score of the proposed model showed significant differences between HER2-positive and -negative expression (p < 0.001). Conclusions These results demonstrate that ultrasound images are predictive of HER2 expression through a deep learning classifier. Our method provides a non-invasive, simple, and feasible method for the prediction of HER2 expression without the manual delineation of the regions of interest (ROI). The performance of our deep learning model significantly exceeded the traditional texture analysis based on the radiomics model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Xu
- Laboratory of Image Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiabing Gu
- Laboratory of Image Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changping Du
- Laboratory of Image Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Image Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Laboratory of Image Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Baosheng Li,
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Nikdouz A, Namarvari N, Ghasemi Shayan R, Hosseini A. Comprehensive comparison of theranostic nanoparticles in breast cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 11:1-27. [PMID: 35350450 PMCID: PMC8938632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently happening cancer and the most typical cancer death among females. Despite the crucial progress in breast cancer therapy by using Chemotherapeutic agents, most anti-tumor drugs are insufficient to destroy exactly the breast cancer cells. The noble method of drug delivery using nanoparticles presents a great promise in treating breast cancer most sufficiently and with the least harm to the patient. Nanoparticles, with their spectacular characteristics, help overcome problems of this kind. Unique features of nanoparticles such as biocompatibility, bioavailability, biodegradability, sustained release, and, most importantly, site-specific targeting enables the Chemotherapeutic agents loaded in nanocarriers to differentiate between healthy tissue and cancer cells, leading to low toxicity and fewer side effects. This review focuses on evaluating and comprehending nanoparticles utilized in breast cancer treatment, including the most recent data related to the drugs they can carry. Also, this review covers all information related to each nanocarrier, such as their significant characteristics, subtypes, advantages, disadvantages, and chemical modification methods with recently published studies. This article discusses over 21 nanoparticles used in breast cancer treatment with possible chemical ligands such as monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapeutic agents binding to these carriers. These different nanoparticles and the unique features of each nanocarrier give the researchers all the data and insight to develop and use the brand-new drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Nikdouz
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences5166/15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Namarvari
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences5166/15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Ghasemi Shayan
- Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences5166/15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences5166/15731 Tabriz, Iran
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