1
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Santagata S, Rea G, Bello AM, Capiluongo A, Napolitano M, Desicato S, Fragale A, D'Alterio C, Trotta AM, Ieranò C, Portella L, Persico F, Di Napoli M, Di Maro S, Feroce F, Azzaro R, Gabriele L, Longo N, Pignata S, Perdonà S, Scala S. Targeting CXCR4 impaired T regulatory function through PTEN in renal cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:2016-2026. [PMID: 38704478 PMCID: PMC11183124 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tregs trafficking is controlled by CXCR4. In Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), the effect of the new CXCR4 antagonist, R54, was explored in peripheral blood (PB)-Tregs isolated from primary RCC patients. METHODS PB-Tregs were isolated from 77 RCC patients and 38 healthy donors (HDs). CFSE-T effector-Tregs suppression assay, IL-35, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β1 secretion, and Nrp-1+Tregs frequency were evaluated. Tregs were characterised for CTLA-4, PD-1, CD40L, PTEN, CD25, TGF-β1, FOXP3, DNMT1 transcriptional profile. PTEN-pAKT signalling was evaluated in the presence of R54 and/or triciribine (TCB), an AKT inhibitor. Methylation of TSDR (Treg-Specific-Demethylated-Region) was conducted. RESULTS R54 impaired PB-RCC-Tregs function, reduced Nrp-1+Tregs frequency, the release of IL-35, IL-10, and TGF-β1, while increased IFN-γ Teff-secretion. The CXCR4 ligand, CXCL12, recruited CD25+PTEN+Tregs in RCC while R54 significantly reduced it. IL-2/PMA activates Tregs reducing pAKT+Tregs while R54 increases it. The AKT inhibitor, TCB, prevented the increase in pAKT+Tregs R54-mediated. Moreover, R54 significantly reduced FOXP3-TSDR demethylation with DNMT1 and FOXP3 downregulation. CONCLUSION R54 impairs Tregs function in primary RCC patients targeting PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, reducing TSDR demethylation and FOXP3 and DNMT1 expression. Thus, CXCR4 targeting is a strategy to inhibit Tregs activity in the RCC tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santagata
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rea
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bello
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Capiluongo
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Desicato
- Urology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Crescenzo D'Alterio
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Ieranò
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Portella
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Persico
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Napoli
- Uro-gynecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Florinda Feroce
- Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Azzaro
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Uro-gynecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Urology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Kabil SL, Rashed HE, Mohamed NM, Elwany NE. Parthenolide repressed endometriosis induced surgically in rats: Role of PTEN/PI3Kinase/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in inhibition of epithelial mesenchymal transition. Life Sci 2023; 331:122037. [PMID: 37633416 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway is a triggering factor for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone extract that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticancer properties. Hence, we investigated the effect of parthenolide against EMT in the endometrial tissue implants and immortalized epithelial endometriotic cell lines 12Z. MAIN METHODS Twenty- four female Rats with surgically induced endometriosis were treated with parthenolide (2, 4 mg/kg), for 4 weeks. Endometriotic cell line 12Z was used to identify the effect of parthenolide on the wound healing, cellular migration and invasion properties of endometriotic cells. KEY FINDINGS Parthenolide decreased the endometriotic implant tissue expression of total PI3K, PI3K-p85, p-AKT, p/total AKT, p-GSK-3β, P/total GSK-3β, and nβ-catenin, as well as increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin mRNA expression. Parthenolide upregulated PTEN immunoreactivity as well as the endometriotic tissue caspase-3, caspase-9, BAX levels while reducing Bcl2 level. Additionally, parthenolide decreased endometriotic tissue implants surface area and histopathological score of the epithelial growth. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings showed that parthenolide in a dose dependent manner inhibited PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/nβ-catenin cascade via enhancement of PTEN with subsequent inhibition of EMT evidenced by elevation of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin and reduction of mesenchymal marker, vimentin, of the endometriotic implants in addition to reversal of invasion and migration properties of epithelial endometriotic cell lines. These findings provide a valuable therapeutic approach for treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad L Kabil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Hayam E Rashed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | | | - Nisreen E Elwany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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3
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Orozco-García E, van Meurs DJ, Calderón JC, Narvaez-Sanchez R, Harmsen MC. Endothelial plasticity across PTEN and Hippo pathways: A complex hormetic rheostat modulated by extracellular vesicles. Transl Oncol 2023; 31:101633. [PMID: 36905871 PMCID: PMC10020115 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is a multifactorial and spatiotemporally regulated process, essential for cell and tissue survival. Vascular alterations have repercussions on the development and progression of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. Additionally, vascularization continues to be a challenge for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Hence, vascularization is the center of interest for physiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic processes. Within vascularization, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and Hippo signaling have pivotal roles in the development and homeostasis of the vascular system. Their suppression is related to several pathologies, including developmental defects and cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among the regulators of PTEN and/or Hippo pathways during development and disease. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the mechanisms by which exosome-derived ncRNAs modulate endothelial cell plasticity during physiological and pathological angiogenesis, through the regulation of PTEN and Hippo pathways, aiming to establish new perspectives on cellular communication during tumoral and regenerative vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Orozco-García
- Physiology and biochemistry research group - PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Colombia; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - D J van Meurs
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - J C Calderón
- Physiology and biochemistry research group - PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Raul Narvaez-Sanchez
- Physiology and biochemistry research group - PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Colombia
| | - M C Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands.
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4
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Tamayo SO, Cupitra NI, Narvaez-Sanchez R. Vascular adaptation to cancer beyond angiogenesis: The role of PTEN. Microvasc Res 2023; 147:104492. [PMID: 36709859 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem, and it needs blood vessels to grow. Knowing more about the processes of vascular adaptation to cancer improves our chances of attacking it, since the tumor for its extension needs such adaptation to satisfy its progressive demand for nutrients. The main objective of this review is to present the reader with some fundamental molecular pathways for vascular adaptation to cancer, highlighting within them the regulatory role of homologous tensin and phosphatase protein (PTEN). Hence the review describes vascular adaptation to cancer through somewhat known processes, such as angiogenesis, but emphasizes others that are much less explored, namely the changes in vascular reactivity and remodeling of the vascular wall -intima-media thickness and adjustments in the extracellular matrix- The role of PTEN in physiological and pathological vascular mechanisms in different types of cancer is deepened, as a crucial mediator in vascular adaptation to cancer, and points pending further exploration in cancer vascularization are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ortiz Tamayo
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group, PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Nelson Ivan Cupitra
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group, PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Raul Narvaez-Sanchez
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group, PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
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5
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Déglise S, Bechelli C, Allagnat F. Vascular smooth muscle cells in intimal hyperplasia, an update. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1081881. [PMID: 36685215 PMCID: PMC9845604 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial occlusive disease is the leading cause of death in Western countries. Core contemporary therapies for this disease include angioplasties, stents, endarterectomies and bypass surgery. However, these treatments suffer from high failure rates due to re-occlusive vascular wall adaptations and restenosis. Restenosis following vascular surgery is largely due to intimal hyperplasia. Intimal hyperplasia develops in response to vessel injury, leading to inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cells dedifferentiation, migration, proliferation and secretion of extra-cellular matrix into the vessel's innermost layer or intima. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge on the origin and mechanisms underlying the dysregulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in intimal hyperplasia, and we present the new avenues of research targeting VSMC phenotype and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Lian X, Lv M, Shi B. MicroRNA-144 silencing attenuates intimal hyperplasia by directly targeting PTEN. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:1-9. [PMID: 36121042 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2123923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimal hyperplasia contributed by phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNA-144 (miR-144) is recently reported to be implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the individual role of miR-144 in VSMCs phenotypic modulation and intimal hyperplasia currently still remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we found that miR-144 expression was upregulated in carotid arteries with intimal hyperplasia that subjected to wire injury and the consistent results were obtained with dedifferentiated VSMCs upon platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) stimulation. Loss-of-function study showed that miR-144 knockdown decreased the ability of VSMC proliferation tested by Brdu and CCK8, and reduced the migrate capability analyzed by Transwell, whereas increased the differentiated SMC marker gene expression examined by RT-PCR. The above results were reversed by miR-144 overexpression. Mechanistically, we have demonstrated that PTEN was the direct target of miR-144 that was responsible for the alleviated effect of miR-144 inhibition on phenotypic switching of VSMCs. Notably, mice injected with miR-144 inhibitor attenuated the formation of neointimal lesions in response to wire injury and maintained the mature SMC marker expression inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. CONCLUSION Our research exhibited that miR-144 knockdown attenuated intimal hyperplasia through inhibiting the VSMC phenotypic switching, which was partially mediated by directly targeting to PTEN. Taken together, these evidences suggested that miR-144 may act as a promising therapeutic target for arterial restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Lian
- Department of Cardiology, LiaoBu Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ming Lv
- Department of Radiology, LiaoBu Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, LiaoBu Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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7
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Gogiraju R, Gachkar S, Velmeden D, Bochenek ML, Zifkos K, Hubert A, Münzel T, Offermanns S, Schäfer K. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Deficiency in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Promotes Perivascular Fibrosis following Arterial Injury. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1814-1826. [PMID: 36075234 PMCID: PMC9512587 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype switching plays a central role during vascular remodeling. Growth factor receptors are negatively regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), including its prototype PTP1B. Here, we examine how reduction of PTP1B in SMCs affects the vascular remodeling response to injury.
Methods
Mice with inducible PTP1B deletion in SMCs (SMC.PTP1B-KO) were generated by crossing mice expressing Cre.ER
T2
recombinase under the
Myh11
promoter with PTP1B
flox/flox
mice and subjected to FeCl
3
carotid artery injury.
Results
Genetic deletion of PTP1B in SMCs resulted in adventitia enlargement, perivascular SMA
+
and PDGFRβ
+
myofibroblast expansion, and collagen accumulation following vascular injury. Lineage tracing confirmed the appearance of
Myh11
-Cre reporter cells in the remodeling adventitia, and SCA1
+
CD45
-
vascular progenitor cells increased. Elevated mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling components or enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and TGFβ liberation was seen in injured SMC.PTP1B-KO mouse carotid arteries, and mRNA transcript levels of contractile SMC marker genes were reduced already at baseline. Mechanistically, Cre recombinase (mice) or siRNA (cells)-mediated downregulation of PTP1B or inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling in SMCs resulted in nuclear accumulation of KLF4, a central transcriptional repressor of SMC differentiation, whereas phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 were reduced. SMAD2 siRNA transfection increased protein levels of PDGFRβ and MYH10 while reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thus phenocopying genetic PTP1B deletion.
Conclusion
Chronic reduction of PTP1B in SMCs promotes dedifferentiation, perivascular fibrosis, and adverse remodeling following vascular injury by mechanisms involving an ERK1/2 phosphorylation-driven shift from SMAD2 to KLF4-regulated gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinikanth Gogiraju
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sogol Gachkar
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Velmeden
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena L Bochenek
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Zifkos
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Astrid Hubert
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Site, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Rhine-Main Site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Site, Mainz, Germany
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8
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Li C, Wang B. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Progressive Fibrogenic Involvement and Anti-Fibrosis Therapeutic Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902677. [PMID: 35721482 PMCID: PMC9198494 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the connective tissue deposition and stiffness usually as a result of injury. Fibrosis tissue-resident mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts, myofibroblast, smooth muscle cells, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), are major players in fibrogenic processes under certain contexts. Acknowledging differentiation potential of MSCs to the aforementioned other types of mesenchymal cell lineages is essential for better understanding of MSCs’ substantial contributions to progressive fibrogenesis. MSCs may represent a potential therapeutic option for fibrosis resolution owing to their unique pleiotropic functions and therapeutic properties. Currently, clinical trial efforts using MSCs and MSC-based products are underway but clinical data collected by the early phase trials are insufficient to offer better support for the MSC-based anti-fibrotic therapies. Given that MSCs are involved in the coagulation through releasing tissue factor, MSCs can retain procoagulant activity to be associated with fibrogenic disease development. Therefore, MSCs’ functional benefits in translational applications need to be carefully balanced with their potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Li
- Stem Cell Program of Clinical Research Center, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghai Li, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghai Li, ; Bin Wang,
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9
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Berghausen EM, Janssen W, Vantler M, Gnatzy-Feik LL, Krause M, Behringer A, Joseph C, Zierden M, Freyhaus HT, Klinke A, Baldus S, Alcazar MA, Savai R, Pullamsetti SS, Wong DW, Boor P, Zhao JJ, Schermuly RT, Rosenkranz S. Disrupted PI3K subunit p110α signaling protects against pulmonary hypertension and reverses established disease in rodents. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136939. [PMID: 34596056 DOI: 10.1172/jci136939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced signaling via RTKs in pulmonary hypertension (PH) impedes current treatment options because it perpetuates proliferation and apoptosis resistance of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Here, we demonstrated hyperphosphorylation of multiple RTKs in diseased human vessels and increased activation of their common downstream effector phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), which thus emerged as an attractive therapeutic target. Systematic characterization of class IA catalytic PI3K isoforms identified p110α as the key regulator of pathogenic signaling pathways and PASMC responses (proliferation, migration, survival) downstream of multiple RTKs. Smooth muscle cell-specific genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of p110α prevented onset and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as well as right heart hypertrophy in vivo and even reversed established vascular remodeling and PH in various animal models. These effects were attributable to both inhibition of vascular proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Since this pathway is abundantly activated in human disease, p110α represents a central target in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Berghausen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wiebke Janssen
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), and German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Marius Vantler
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leoni L Gnatzy-Feik
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Krause
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnica Behringer
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Christine Joseph
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Mario Zierden
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henrik Ten Freyhaus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Klinke
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alcazar
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Institute for Lung Health, member of the DZL, UGMLC, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric and Adolecent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Dickson Wl Wong
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), and German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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10
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Ravi Y, Sai-Sudhakar CB, Kuppusamy P. PTEN as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Left-heart Failure: Effect of HO-3867 and Supplemental Oxygenation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:593-607. [PMID: 34133009 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition when the pressure in the lung blood vessels is elevated. This leads to increase in thickness of the blood vessels and increases the workload of the heart and lungs. The incidence and prevalence of PH has been on the increase in the last decade. It is estimated that PH affects about 1% of the global population and about 10% of individuals >65 years of age. Of the various types, Group 2 PH is the most common type seen in the elderly population. Fixed PH or PH refractive to therapies is considered a contraindication for heart transplantation; the 30-day mortality in heart transplant recipients is significantly increased in the subset of this population. In general, the pathobiology of PH involves multiple factors including hypoxia, oxidative stress, growth factor receptors, vascular stress, etc. Hence, it is challenging and important to identify specific mechanisms, diagnosis and develop effective therapeutic strategies. The focus of this manuscript is to review some of the important pathobiological processes and mechanisms in the development of PH. Results from our previously reported studies, including targeted treatments along with some new data on PH secondary to left-heart failure, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhini Ravi
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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11
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Liang T, Gao F, Chen J. Role of PTEN-less in cardiac injury, hypertrophy and regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:25. [PMID: 34337686 PMCID: PMC8326232 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiomyocytes are capable of coordinated contractions, which are mainly responsible for pumping blood. When cardiac stress occurs, cardiomyocytes undergo transition from physiological homeostasis to hypertrophic growth, proliferation, or apoptosis. During these processes, many cellular factors and signaling pathways participate. PTEN is a ubiquitous dual-specificity phosphatase and functions by dephosphorylating target proteins or lipids, such as PIP3, a second messenger in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Downregulation of PTEN expression or inhibiting its biologic activity improves heart function, promotes cardiomyocytes proliferation, reduces cardiac fibrosis as well as dilation, and inhibits apoptosis following ischemic stress such as myocardial infarction. Inactivation of PTEN exhibits a potentially beneficial therapeutic effects against cardiac diseases. In this review, we summarize various strategies for PTEN inactivation and highlight the roles of PTEN-less in regulating cardiomyocytes during cardiac development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Karnati S, Seimetz M, Kleefeldt F, Sonawane A, Madhusudhan T, Bachhuka A, Kosanovic D, Weissmann N, Krüger K, Ergün S. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Cardiovascular System: Vascular Repair and Regeneration as a Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:649512. [PMID: 33912600 PMCID: PMC8072123 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.649512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It has been shown that vascular wall remodeling and pulmonary hypertension (PH) can occur not only in patients with COPD but also in smokers with normal lung function, suggesting a causal role for vascular alterations in the development of emphysema. Mechanistically, abnormalities in the vasculature, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, imbalances in cellular apoptosis/proliferation, and increased oxidative/nitrosative stress promote development of PH, cor pulmonale, and most probably pulmonary emphysema. Hypoxemia in the pulmonary chamber modulates the activation of key transcription factors and signaling cascades, which propagates inflammation and infiltration of neutrophils, resulting in vascular remodeling. Endothelial progenitor cells have angiogenesis capabilities, resulting in transdifferentiation of the smooth muscle cells via aberrant activation of several cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. The vascular endothelium influences the balance between vaso-constriction and -dilation in the heart. Targeting key players affecting the vasculature might help in the development of new treatment strategies for both PH and COPD. The present review aims to summarize current knowledge about vascular alterations and production of reactive oxygen species in COPD. The present review emphasizes on the importance of the vasculature for the usually parenchyma-focused view of the pathobiology of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seimetz
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Thati Madhusudhan
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akash Bachhuka
- UniSA Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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mTOR Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042144. [PMID: 33670032 PMCID: PMC7926633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease without a cure. The exact pathogenic mechanisms of PAH are complex and poorly understood, yet a number of abnormally expressed genes and regulatory pathways contribute to sustained vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling of the distal pulmonary arteries. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one of the major signaling pathways implicated in regulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and protein synthesis. Here we will describe the canonical mTOR pathway, structural and functional differences between mTOR complexes 1 and 2, as well as the crosstalk with other important signaling cascades in the development of PAH. The pathogenic role of mTOR in pulmonary vascular remodeling and sustained vasoconstriction due to its contribution to proliferation, migration, phenotypic transition, and gene regulation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells will be discussed. Despite the progress in our elucidation of the etiology and pathogenesis of PAH over the two last decades, there is a lack of effective therapeutic agents to treat PAH patients representing a significant unmet clinical need. In this review, we will explore the possibility and therapeutic potential to use inhibitors of mTOR signaling cascade to treat PAH.
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14
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Yang J, Griffiths M, Nies MK, Brandal S, Damico R, Vaidya D, Tao X, Simpson CE, Kolb TM, Mathai SC, Pauciulo MW, Nichols WC, Ivy DD, Austin ED, Hassoun PM, Everett AD. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2: a new circulating indicator of pulmonary arterial hypertension severity and survival. BMC Med 2020; 18:268. [PMID: 33019943 PMCID: PMC7537100 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease that results from cardio-pulmonary dysfunction with the pathology largely unknown. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) is an important member of the insulin-like growth factor family, with evidence suggesting elevation in PAH patients. We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum IGFBP2 in PAH to determine if it could discriminate PAH from healthy controls and if it was associated with disease severity and survival. METHODS Serum IGFBP2 levels, as well as IGF1/2 levels, were measured in two independent PAH cohorts, the Johns Hopkins Pulmonary Hypertension program (JHPH, N = 127), NHLBI PAHBiobank (PAHB, N = 203), and a healthy control cohort (N = 128). The protein levels in lung tissues were determined by western blot. The IGFBP2 mRNA expression levels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assessed by RNA-seq, secreted protein levels by ELISA. Association of biomarkers with clinical variables was evaluated using adjusted linear or logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS In both PAH cohorts, serum IGFBP2 levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.0001) compared to controls and discriminated PAH from controls with an AUC of 0.76 (p < 0.0001). A higher IGFBP2 level was associated with a shorter 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in both cohorts after adjustment for age and sex (coefficient - 50.235 and - 57.336 respectively). Cox multivariable analysis demonstrated that higher serum IGFBP2 was a significant independent predictor of mortality in PAHB cohort only (HR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.37-11.21). IGF1 levels were significantly increased only in the PAHB cohort; however, neither IGF1 nor IGF2 had equivalent levels of associations with clinical variables compared with IGFBP2. Western blotting shown that IGFBP2 protein was significantly increased in the PAH vs control lung tissues. Finally, IGFBP2 mRNA expression and secreted protein levels were significantly higher in PASMC than in PAEC. CONCLUSIONS IGFBP2 protein expression was increased in the PAH lung, and secreted by PASMC. Elevated circulating IGFBP2 was associated with PAH severity and mortality and is a potentially valuable prognostic marker in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave. Ross RM 1143, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Megan Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave. Ross RM 1143, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Melanie K Nies
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave. Ross RM 1143, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie Brandal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave. Ross RM 1143, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rachel Damico
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xueting Tao
- Depart of Pediatrics, Biostatics Epidemiology and Data Management Core, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Catherine E Simpson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Todd M Kolb
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C Mathai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael W Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David D Ivy
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Eric D Austin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allen D Everett
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave. Ross RM 1143, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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15
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Lu YB, Shi C, Yang B, Lu ZF, Wu YL, Zhang RY, He X, Li LM, Hu B, Hu YW, Zheng L, Wang Q. Long noncoding RNA ZNF800 suppresses proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by upregulating PTEN and inhibiting AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling. Atherosclerosis 2020; 312:43-53. [PMID: 32971395 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been implicated in many biological and disease processes, but the exact mechanism of their involvement in atherosclerosis is unclear. The aberrant proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a major contributor to the development of atherosclerotic lesions. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of lncRNA ZNF800, a previously uncharacterized lncRNA, on VSMC proliferation and migration. METHODS The expression of lncRNA ZNF800 in atherosclerotic plaque tissues was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), while the role and mechanism of lncRNA ZNF800 in proliferation and migration of VSMCs were investigated by CCK8 assay, transwell assay, scratch wound assay, RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS We found that lncRNA ZNF800 was significantly more abundant in atherosclerotic plaque tissues, and substantially suppressed the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. LncRNA ZNF800 had no effect on phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) mRNA expression but dramatically increased the levels of PTEN protein. Enhanced lncRNA ZNF800 expression inhibited the activity of the AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway, downregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor α (VEGF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), and suppressed VSMC proliferation and migration. These inhibitory effects of lncRNA ZNF800 were abolished by knockdown of PTEN. The inhibitory effects of lncRNA ZNF800 on cell proliferation and migration and the expression of VEGF-α and MMP1 were exacerbated by HIF-1α knockdown in VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that lncRNA ZNF800 suppressed VSMC proliferation and migration by interacting with PTEN through a mechanism involving AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling. Therefore, it may play a key atheroprotective role and represent a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Bin Lu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Lu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin He
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Strand KA, Lu S, Mutryn MF, Li L, Zhou Q, Enyart BT, Jolly AJ, Dubner AM, Moulton KS, Nemenoff RA, Koch KA, LaBarbera DV, Weiser-Evans MCM. High Throughput Screen Identifies the DNMT1 (DNA Methyltransferase-1) Inhibitor, 5-Azacytidine, as a Potent Inducer of PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog): Central Role for PTEN in 5-Azacytidine Protection Against Pathological Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1854-1869. [PMID: 32580634 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our recent work demonstrates that PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is an important regulator of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype. SMC-specific PTEN deletion promotes spontaneous vascular remodeling and PTEN loss correlates with increased atherosclerotic lesion severity in human coronary arteries. In mice, PTEN overexpression reduces plaque area and preserves SMC contractile protein expression in atherosclerosis and blunts Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced pathological vascular remodeling, suggesting that pharmacological PTEN upregulation could be a novel therapeutic approach to treat vascular disease. Approach and Results: To identify novel PTEN activators, we conducted a high-throughput screen using a fluorescence based PTEN promoter-reporter assay. After screening ≈3400 compounds, 11 hit compounds were chosen based on level of activity and mechanism of action. Following in vitro confirmation, we focused on 5-azacytidine, a DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase-1) inhibitor, for further analysis. In addition to PTEN upregulation, 5-azacytidine treatment increased expression of genes associated with a differentiated SMC phenotype. 5-Azacytidine treatment also maintained contractile gene expression and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression after PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) stimulation, suggesting 5-azacytidine blocks PDGF-induced SMC de-differentiation. However, these protective effects were lost in PTEN-deficient SMCs. These findings were confirmed in vivo using carotid ligation in SMC-specific PTEN knockout mice treated with 5-azacytidine. In wild type controls, 5-azacytidine reduced neointimal formation and inflammation while maintaining contractile protein expression. In contrast, 5-azacytidine was ineffective in PTEN knockout mice, indicating that the protective effects of 5-azacytidine are mediated through SMC PTEN upregulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates 5-azacytidine upregulates PTEN expression in SMCs, promoting maintenance of SMC differentiation and reducing pathological vascular remodeling in a PTEN-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Strand
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Sizhao Lu
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Marie F Mutryn
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Linfeng Li
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (L.L., Q.Z., D.V.L.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Qiong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (L.L., Q.Z., D.V.L.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Blake T Enyart
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (B.T.E., K.S.M., R.A.N., K.A.K., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.T.E., K.S.M., K.A.K.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Austin J Jolly
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Allison M Dubner
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Karen S Moulton
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (B.T.E., K.S.M., R.A.N., K.A.K., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.T.E., K.S.M., K.A.K.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (B.T.E., K.S.M., R.A.N., K.A.K., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Keith A Koch
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (B.T.E., K.S.M., R.A.N., K.A.K., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.T.E., K.S.M., K.A.K.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Daniel V LaBarbera
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (L.L., Q.Z., D.V.L.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (B.T.E., K.S.M., R.A.N., K.A.K., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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17
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Figueiredo AM, Villacampa P, Diéguez-Hurtado R, José Lozano J, Kobialka P, Cortazar AR, Martinez-Romero A, Angulo-Urarte A, Franco CA, Claret M, Aransay AM, Adams RH, Carracedo A, Graupera M. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Regulated Pericyte Maturation Governs Vascular Remodeling. Circulation 2020; 142:688-704. [PMID: 32466671 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.042354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericytes regulate vessel stabilization and function, and their loss is associated with diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or cancer. Despite their physiological importance, pericyte function and molecular regulation during angiogenesis remain poorly understood. METHODS To decipher the transcriptomic programs of pericytes during angiogenesis, we crossed Pdgfrb(BAC)-CreERT2 mice into RiboTagflox/flox mice. Pericyte morphological changes were assessed in mural cell-specific R26-mTmG reporter mice, in which low doses of tamoxifen allowed labeling of single-cell pericytes at high resolution. To study the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in pericyte biology during angiogenesis, we used genetic mouse models that allow selective inactivation of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ isoforms and their negative regulator phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in mural cells. RESULTS At the onset of angiogenesis, pericytes exhibit molecular traits of cell proliferation and activated PI3K signaling, whereas during vascular remodeling, pericytes upregulate genes involved in mature pericyte cell function, together with a remarkable decrease in PI3K signaling. Immature pericytes showed stellate shape and high proliferation, and mature pericytes were quiescent and elongated. Unexpectedly, we demonstrate that PI3Kβ, but not PI3Kα, regulates pericyte proliferation and maturation during vessel formation. Genetic PI3Kβ inactivation in pericytes triggered early pericyte maturation. Conversely, unleashing PI3K signaling by means of PTEN deletion delayed pericyte maturation. Pericyte maturation was necessary to undergo vessel remodeling during angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify new molecular and morphological traits associated with pericyte maturation and uncover PI3Kβ activity as a checkpoint to ensure appropriate vessel formation. In turn, our results may open new therapeutic opportunities to regulate angiogenesis in pathological processes through the manipulation of pericyte PI3Kβ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Figueiredo
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
| | - Rodrigo Diéguez-Hurtado
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., R.H.A.)
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Bioinformatics Platform, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain (J.J.L.)
| | - Piotr Kobialka
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
| | - Ana Rosa Cortazar
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain (A.R.C., A.M.A., A.C.)
| | - Anabel Martinez-Romero
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
| | - Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
| | - Claudio A Franco
- CIBERONC (A.R.C., A.M.A., A.C., M.G.) and CIBERehd (A.M.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (C.A.F.)
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C.)
| | - Ana María Aransay
- CIBERONC (A.R.C., A.M.A., A.C., M.G.) and CIBERehd (A.M.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (C.A.F.)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., R.H.A.)
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain (A.R.C., A.M.A., A.C.)
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
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18
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Pullamsetti SS, Nayakanti S, Chelladurai P, Mamazhakypov A, Mansouri S, Savai R, Seeger W. Cancer and pulmonary hypertension: Learning lessons and real-life interplay. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2020; 2020:e202010. [PMID: 33150154 PMCID: PMC7590929 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the scientific reasons that support the intriguing vision of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a disease with a cancer-like nature and to understand whether this point of view may have fruitful consequences for the overall management of PH. This review compares cancer and PH in view of Hanahan and Weinberg’s principles (i.e., hallmarks of cancer) with an emphasis on hyperproliferative, metabolic, and immune/inflammatory aspects of the disease. In addition, this review provides a perspective on the role of transcription factors and chromatin and epigenetic aberrations, besides genetics, as “common driving mechanisms” of PH hallmarks and the foreseeable use of transcription factor/epigenome targeting as multitarget approach against the hallmarks of PH. Thus, recognition of the widespread applicability and analogy of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means of PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Sreenath Nayakanti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Prakash Chelladurai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Argen Mamazhakypov
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
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19
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Lu S, Strand KA, Mutryn MF, Tucker RM, Jolly AJ, Furgeson SB, Moulton KS, Nemenoff RA, Weiser-Evans MCM. PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) Protects Against Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Pathological Vascular Fibrosis and Remodeling-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:394-403. [PMID: 31852223 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathological vascular remodeling and excessive perivascular fibrosis are major contributors to reduced vessel compliance that exacerbates cardiovascular diseases, for instance, promoting clinically relevant myocardial remodeling. Inflammation plays a significant role in both pathological vascular remodeling and fibrosis. We previously demonstrated that smooth muscle cell-specific PTEN depletion promotes significant vascular fibrosis and accumulation of inflammatory cells. In the current study, we aimed to determine the beneficial role of systemic PTEN elevation on Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced vascular fibrosis and remodeling. Approach and Results: Transgenic mice carrying additional copies of the wild-type Pten gene (super PTEN [sPTEN]) and WT littermates were subjected to Ang II or saline infusion for 14 or 28 days. Compared with WT, Ang II-induced vascular fibrosis was significantly blunted in sPTEN mice, as shown by histochemical stainings and label-free second harmonic generation imaging. The protection against Ang II was recapitulated in sPTEN mice bearing WT bone marrow but not in WT mice reconstituted with sPTEN bone marrow. Ang II-induced elevation of profibrotic and proinflammatory gene expression observed in WT mice was blocked in aortic tissue of sPTEN mice. Immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry both indicated that perivascular infiltration of T cells and macrophages was significantly inhibited in sPTEN mice. In vitro induction of PTEN expression suppressed Ang II-induced Ccl2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS Systemic PTEN elevation mediates protection against Ang II-induced vascular inflammation and fibrosis predominantly through effects in resident vascular cells. Our data highly support that pharmacological upregulation of PTEN could be a novel and viable approach for the treatment of pathological vascular fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhao Lu
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.L., K.A.S., M.F.M., R.M.T., A.J.J., S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Keith A Strand
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.L., K.A.S., M.F.M., R.M.T., A.J.J., S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Marie F Mutryn
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.L., K.A.S., M.F.M., R.M.T., A.J.J., S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Rebecca M Tucker
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.L., K.A.S., M.F.M., R.M.T., A.J.J., S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Austin J Jolly
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.L., K.A.S., M.F.M., R.M.T., A.J.J., S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Seth B Furgeson
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.L., K.A.S., M.F.M., R.M.T., A.J.J., S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation (S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Karen S Moulton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.S.M.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.L., K.A.S., M.F.M., R.M.T., A.J.J., S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation (S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.L., K.A.S., M.F.M., R.M.T., A.J.J., S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation (S.B.F., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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20
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Chen CY, Tsai HY, Tsai SH, Chu PH, Huang PH, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Deletion of the FHL2 gene attenuates intima-media thickening in a partially ligated carotid artery ligated mouse model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:160-173. [PMID: 31714683 PMCID: PMC6933399 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) is a member of the four and a half LIM domain (FHL) gene family, and it is associated with cholesterol‐enriched diet‐promoted atherosclerosis. However, the effect of FHL2 protein on vascular remodelling in response to hemodynamic alterations remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of FHL2 in a model of restricted blood flow‐induced atherosclerosis. To promote neointimal hyperplasia in vivo, we subjected FHL2+/+ and FHL2−/− mice to partial ligation of the left carotid artery (LCA). The expression of p‐ERK and p‐AKT was decreased in FHL2−/− mice. FHL2 bound to AKT regulated AKT phosphorylation and led to Rac1‐GTP inactivation. FHL2 silencing in human aortic smooth muscle cells down‐regulated the PDGF‐induced phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. Furthermore, FHL2 silencing reduced cytoskeleton conformational changes and caused cell cycle arrest. We concluded that FHL2 is essential for the regulation of arterial smooth muscle cell function. FHL2 modulates proliferation and migration via mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K‐AKT signalling, leading to arterial wall thickening and thus neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- First Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Zhao H, Guo Y, Sun Y, Zhang N, Wang X. miR-181a/b-5p ameliorates inflammatory response in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by targeting endocan. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4422-4433. [PMID: 31637717 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder characterized by vascular remodeling, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, and inflammation. The roles of microRNAs have received much critical attention. Thus, this study was attempted to show the biological function of miR-181a/b-5p (miR-181a/b) in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. Here, rats injected with MCT were used as PAH models. The expression of miR-181a/b and its effect on PAH pathologies were examined using miR-181a/b overexpression lentivirus. A luciferase reporter analysis was performed to measure the relationships between miR-181a/b and endocan. Additionally, primary rat pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (rPAECs) treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were employed to further validate the regulatory mechanism of miR-181a/b in vitro. Our results showed that miR-181a/b expression was reduced in PAH, and its upregulation significantly attenuated the short survival period, right ventricular systolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure increments, right ventricular remodeling, and lung injury. Furthermore, the increase of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) in PAH rats was inhibited by miR-181a/b overexpression. Similarly, our in vitro results showed that inducing miR-181a/b suppressed TNF-α-stimulated increase of ICAM1 and VCAM1 in rPAECs. Importantly, the increased expression of endocan in PAH model or TNF-α-treated rPAECs was restored by miR-181a/b upregulation. Further analysis validated the direct targeting relationships between miR-181a/b and endocan. Collectively, this study suggests that miR-181a/b targets endocan to ameliorate PAH symptoms by inhibiting inflammatory states, shedding new lights on the prevention and treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Spiekerkoetter E, Goncharova EA, Guignabert C, Stenmark K, Kwapiszewska G, Rabinovitch M, Voelkel N, Bogaard HJ, Graham B, Pullamsetti SS, Kuebler WM. Hot topics in the mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension disease: cancer-like pathobiology, the role of the adventitia, systemic involvement, and right ventricular failure. Pulm Circ 2019; 9:2045894019889775. [PMID: 31798835 PMCID: PMC6868582 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019889775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to intervene appropriately and develop disease-modifying therapeutics for pulmonary arterial hypertension, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and progression. We herein discuss four topics of disease mechanisms that are currently highly debated, yet still unsolved, in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Is pulmonary arterial hypertension a cancer-like disease? Does the adventitia play an important role in the initiation of pulmonary vascular remodeling? Is pulmonary arterial hypertension a systemic disease? Does capillary loss drive right ventricular failure? While pulmonary arterial hypertension does not replicate all features of cancer, anti-proliferative cancer therapeutics might still be beneficial in pulmonary arterial hypertension if monitored for safety and tolerability. It was recognized that the adventitia as a cell-rich compartment is important in the disease pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and should be a therapeutic target, albeit the data are inconclusive as to whether the adventitia is involved in the initiation of neointima formation. There was agreement that systemic diseases can lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension and that pulmonary arterial hypertension can have systemic effects related to the advanced lung pathology, yet there was less agreement on whether idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is a systemic disease per se. Despite acknowledging the limitations of exactly assessing vascular density in the right ventricle, it was recognized that the failing right ventricle may show inadequate vascular adaptation resulting in inadequate delivery of oxygen and other metabolites. Although the debate was not meant to result in a definite resolution of the specific arguments, it sparked ideas about how we might resolve the discrepancies by improving our disease modeling (rodent models, large-animal studies, studies of human cells, tissues, and organs) as well as standardization of the models. Novel experimental approaches, such as lineage tracing and better three-dimensional imaging of experimental as well as human lung and heart tissues, might unravel how different cells contribute to the disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Pittsburgh Heart, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
- Cardio Vascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, Lung Vascular Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Voelkel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vrije Universiteit MC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm J. Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vrije Universiteit MC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Graham
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Soni S. Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Zhu J, Liu B, Wang Z, Wang D, Ni H, Zhang L, Wang Y. Exosomes from nicotine-stimulated macrophages accelerate atherosclerosis through miR-21-3p/PTEN-mediated VSMC migration and proliferation. Theranostics 2019; 9:6901-6919. [PMID: 31660076 PMCID: PMC6815950 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: During the development of atherosclerosis, macrophages secrete exosomes that regulate vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); however, whether nicotine, a major constituent of cigarettes, can modulate this communication in the context of atherogenesis remains to be further studied. In this study, we hypothesized that nicotine induces macrophages to secrete atherogenic exosomes containing microRNAs (miRNAs) to mediate cell-to-cell crosstalk and encourage proatherogenic phenotypes of VSMCs. Methods: In an in vivo study, nicotine was administered subcutaneously to 8-week-old male ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Oil red O and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) were used to stain atherosclerotic lesions. Lesion macrophages, VSMCs and exosomes were stained for CD68, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and CD9, and plaque exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Exosomes derived from control macrophages (M-Exos) and from nicotine-treated macrophages (NM-Exos) were isolated by ultracentrifugation, purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and characterized based on specific morphology and surface markers. The IVIS® Spectrum in vivo imaging system showed the biodistribution of NM-Exos and M-Exos in circulation. Chitosan hydrogel-incorporated exosomes were applied to simulate exosome secretion in situ. Scratch wound assay, transwell assay and EdU staining were conducted to assess the effects of NM-Exos on the migration and proliferation of mouse VSMCs. RNA-seq was performed to determine the miRNA profiles of M-Exos and NM-Exos. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was conducted to detect the expression levels of miRNAs and mRNAs. The roles of the candidate miRNA and its target gene were assessed using specific RNA inhibitors, siRNAs and miRNA mimics. Western blotting was used to detect candidate protein expression levels. A dual-luciferase reporting system was utilized to confirm the binding of a specific miRNA to its target gene. Results: Nicotine induced atherosclerotic lesion progression and resulted in plaque exosome retention in vivo. The biodistribution of NM-Exos showed that plaque-resident exosomes might be secreted in situ. VSMCs cocultured in vitro with nicotine-stimulated macrophages presented an increased capacity for migration and proliferation, which was exosome-dependent. In addition, isolated NM-Exos helped promote VSMC migration and proliferation. miRNA profiling showed that miR-21-3p was enriched in NM-Exos, and this miRNA was shown to play a key role in regulating NM-Exos-induced effects by directly targeting phosphatase and tension homologue (PTEN). Conclusion: Exosomal miR-21-3p from nicotine-treated macrophages may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis by increasing VSMC migration and proliferation through its target PTEN.
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24
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Xing XQ, Li B, Xu SL, Zhang CF, Liu J, Deng YS, Yang J. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, attenuates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension via demethylation of the PTEN promoter. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:227-234. [PMID: 31085236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Zhang T, Kawaguchi N, Yoshihara K, Hayama E, Furutani Y, Kawaguchi K, Tanaka T, Nakanishi T. Silibinin efficacy in a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension using monocrotaline and chronic hypoxia. Respir Res 2019; 20:79. [PMID: 31023308 PMCID: PMC6485095 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) may be involved in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 was described to have a positive effect on the prevention of pulmonary arterial muscularization in PAH models. Silibinin is a traditional medicine that has an antagonistic effect on CXCR4. We investigated the effect of silibinin using rat models of PAH. Methods PAH was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline. The rats were maintained in a chronic hypoxic condition (10% O2) with or without silibinin. To evaluate the efficacy of silibinin on PAH, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), Fulton index (weight ratio of right ventricle to the left ventricle and septum), percent medial wall thickness (% MT), and vascular occlusion score (VOS) were measured and calculated. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed targeting CXCR4 and c-Kit. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for the stem cell markers CXCR4, stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), c-Kit, and stem cell factor (SCF), and the inflammatory markers monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Statistical analyses were performed using t-test and one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Results Silibinin treatment for 1 week reduced RVSP and Fulton index. Treatment for 2 weeks reduced RVSP, Fulton index, % MT, and VOS, as well as downregulating the expression of CXCR4, SDF-1, and TNFα in pulmonary arteries. In contrast, treatment for 3 weeks failed to ameliorate PAH. The time-course study demonstrated that RVSP, Fulton index, % MT, and VOS gradually increased over time, with a decrease in the expression of CXCR4 and TNFα occurring after 2 weeks of PAH development. After 3 weeks, SDF-1, c-Kit, and SCF began to decrease and, after 5 weeks, MCP1 and IL-6 gradually accumulated. Conclusions The CXCR4 inhibitor silibinin can ameliorate PAH, possibly through the suppression of the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis, until the point where PAH becomes a severe and irreversible condition. Silibinin results in reduced pulmonary arterial pressure and delays pulmonary arteriolar occlusion and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1041-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.,Department of Structural Heart Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nanako Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yoshihara
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Emiko Hayama
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Furutani
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakanishi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
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26
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Quatredeniers M, Nakhleh MK, Dumas SJ, Courboulin A, Vinhas MC, Antigny F, Phan C, Guignabert C, Bendifallah I, Vocelle M, Fadel E, Dorfmüller P, Humbert M, Cohen-Kaminsky S. Functional interaction between PDGFβ and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L445-L455. [PMID: 30543306 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00537.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the complex interactions between platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and their effect on the excessive proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells leading to obstructed arteries in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We report lower expression of glutamate receptor NMDA-type subunit 2B (GluN2B), a subunit composing NMDARs expected to affect cell survival/proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), in PAH patient lungs. PASMC exposure to PDGF-BB stimulated immediate increased levels of phosphorylated Src family kinases (SFKs) together with increased phosphorylated GluN2B (its active form) and cell surface relocalization, suggesting a cross talk between PDGFR-recruited SFKs and NMDAR. Selective inhibition of PDGFR-β or SFKs with imatinib or A-419259, respectively, on one hand, or with specific small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on the other hand, aborted PDGF-induced phosphorylation of GluN2B, thus validating the pathway. Selective inhibition of GluN2B using Rö25-6981 and silencing with specific siRNA, in the presence of PDGF-BB, significantly increased both migration and proliferation of PASMCs, thus strengthening the functional importance of the pathway. Together, these results indicate that GluN2B-type NMDAR activation may confer to PASMCs antiproliferative and antimigratory properties. The decreased levels of GluN2B observed in PAH pulmonary arteries could mediate the excessive proliferation of PASMCs, thus contributing to medial hyperplasia and PAH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marceau Quatredeniers
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Morad K Nakhleh
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Audrey Courboulin
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Maria C Vinhas
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Carole Phan
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Imane Bendifallah
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Matthieu Vocelle
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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27
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Hu CJ, Zhang H, Laux A, Pullamsetti SS, Stenmark KR. Mechanisms contributing to persistently activated cell phenotypes in pulmonary hypertension. J Physiol 2018; 597:1103-1119. [PMID: 29920674 PMCID: PMC6375873 DOI: 10.1113/jp275857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by the accumulation of persistently activated cell types in the pulmonary vessel exhibiting aberrant expression of genes involved in apoptosis resistance, proliferation, inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Current therapies for PH, focusing on vasodilatation, do not normalize these activated phenotypes. Furthermore, current approaches to define additional therapeutic targets have focused on determining the initiating signals and their downstream effectors that are important in PH onset and development. Although these approaches have produced a large number of compelling PH treatment targets, many promising human drugs have failed in PH clinical trials. Herein, we propose that one contributing factor to these failures is that processes important in PH development may not be good treatment targets in the established phase of chronic PH. We hypothesize that this is due to alterations of chromatin structure in PH cells, resulting in functional differences between the same factor or pathway in normal or early PH cells versus cells in chronic PH. We propose that the high expression of genes involved in the persistently activated phenotype of PH vascular cells is perpetuated by an open chromatin structure and multiple transcription factors (TFs) via the recruitment of high levels of epigenetic regulators including the histone acetylases P300/CBP, histone acetylation readers including BRDs, the Mediator complex and the positive transcription elongation factor (Abstract figure). Thus, determining how gene expression is controlled by examining chromatin structure, TFs and epigenetic regulators associated with aberrantly expressed genes in pulmonary vascular cells in chronic PH, may uncover new PH therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jun Hu
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aya Laux
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Soni S Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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28
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Chen T, Huang JB, Dai J, Zhou Q, Raj JU, Zhou G. PAI-1 is a novel component of the miR-17~92 signaling that regulates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell phenotypes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L149-L161. [PMID: 29644896 PMCID: PMC6139661 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00137.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that miR-17~92 is critically involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). We also identified two novel mR-17/20a direct targets, PDZ and LIM domain protein 5 (PDLIM5) and prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), and elucidated the signaling pathways by which PDLIM5 and PHD2 regulate functions of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). In addition, we have shown that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is also downregulated in PASMCs that overexpress miR-17~92. However, it is unclear whether PAI-1 is a direct target of miR-17~92 and whether it plays a role in regulating the PASMC phenotype. In this study, we have identified PAI-1 as a novel target of miR-19a/b, two members of the miR-17~92 cluster. We found that the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of PAI-1 contains a miR-19a/b binding site and that miR-19a/b can target this site to suppress PAI-1 protein expression. MiR-17/20a, two other members of miR-17~92, may also indirectly suppress PAI-1 expression through PDLIM5. PAI-1 is a negative regulator of miR-17~92-mediated PASMC proliferation. Silencing of PAI-1 induces Smad2/calponin signaling in PASMCs, suggesting that PAI-1 is a negative regulator of the PASMC contractile phenotype. We also found that PAI-1 is essential for the metabolic gene expression in PASMCs. Furthermore, although there is no significant change in PAI-1 levels in PASMCs isolated from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and associated pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, PAI-1 is downregulated in hypoxia/Sugen-induced hypertensive rat lungs. These results suggest that miR-17~92 regulates the PASMC contractile phenotype and proliferation coordinately and synergistically by direct and indirect targeting of PAI-1.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle Contraction/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/biosynthesis
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianji Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason B Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jingbo Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qiyuan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Usha Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guofei Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
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29
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Chen WJ, Chen YH, Hsu YJ, Lin KH, Yeh YH. MicroRNA-132 targeting PTEN contributes to cilostazol-promoted vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. Atherosclerosis 2018; 274:1-7. [PMID: 29738818 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cilostazol, beyond its antiplatelet effect, is also capable of promoting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of PTEN, known to associate with VSMC differentiation, and its related microRNA (miRNA) in cilostazol-dependent effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Microarray analysis in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries comparing with and without balloon injury revealed that miR-132 was differentially expressed. Bioinformatic analysis predicts PTEN as a novel target of miR-132. Western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction along with in situ hybridization documented that cilostazol treatment enhanced PTEN and reduced miR-132 expression in the neointima of balloon-injured arteries. Treatment of cultured rat VSMCs with cilostazol resulted in the up-regulation of PTEN mRNA and the down-regulation of miR-132, supporting an in vitro relevance. Co-transfection experiments showed that transfection of miR-132 mimic into VSMCs suppressed PTEN 3'UTR activities, further reflecting that PTEN is the direct target of miR-132. Over-expression of miR-132 in VSMCs led to an attenuation of cilostazol-induced PTEN and its downstream VSMC differentiation marker (calponin) expression, confirming the critical role of miR-132 in VSMC differentiation. Transient transfection studies demonstrated that cilostazol reduced the activity of miR-132 promoter, which was mediated via cyclic AMP response element-binding protein. Notably, the use of lentivirus to over-express miR-132 in the neointima of balloon-injured arteries could reverse the effect of cilostazol in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that miR-132 by targeting PTEN may be an important regulator in mediating cilostazol actions on VSMC differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/embryology
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/drug therapy
- Carotid Artery Injuries/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cilostazol/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Calponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hwa Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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30
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Krauszman A, Mak TW, Szaszi K, Kuebler WM. Role of phosphatase and tensin homolog in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:869-878. [PMID: 28430879 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) redistributes blood flow from poorly ventilated to better aerated areas in the lung, thereby optimizing ventilation-perfusion ratio (V/Q). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) contraction in response to hypoxia is triggered by Ca2+ influx via transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) cation channels that have translocated to caveolae in the plasma membrane. Since phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was suggested to regulate TRPC6 in endothelial cells, we aimed to define its role in the hypoxic response of PASMCs and as a putative mediator of HPV. Methods and results In isolated perfused mouse lungs, smooth muscle specific PTEN deficiency attenuated pulmonary vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia but not to angiotensin II (Ang II). Analogously, siRNA-mediated knock down of PTEN in human PASMC inhibited the hypoxia-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays revealed increased interaction of PTEN with TRPC6 in human PASMC and murine lungs in response to hypoxia. In hypoxic PASMC, both PTEN and TRPC6 translocated to caveolae, and this response was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) which in parallel prevented PTEN-TRPC6 interaction, hypoxia-induced [Ca2+]i increase, and HPV in PASMC and murine lungs, respectively. Conclusion Our data indicate a novel interplay between ROCK and [Ca2+]i signalling in HPV via PTEN, in that ROCK mediates interaction of PTEN and TRPC6 which then conjointly translocate to caveolae allowing for Ca2+ influx into and subsequent contraction of PASMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Krauszman
- Department of Surgery, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, M5B 1T8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tak W Mak
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 620 University Ave, M5G 2C1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katalin Szaszi
- Department of Surgery, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, M5B 1T8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Department of Surgery, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, M5B 1T8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Surgery.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, M5S 1A1, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Sharma H, Chinnappan M, Agarwal S, Dalvi P, Gunewardena S, O'Brien-Ladner A, Dhillon NK. Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles mediate smooth muscle hyperplasia: role of altered miRNA cargo in response to HIV infection and substance abuse. FASEB J 2018; 32:5174-5185. [PMID: 29672222 PMCID: PMC6103174 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701558r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies consistently demonstrate enhanced pulmonary vascular remodeling in HIV–infected intravenous drug users, and in simian immunodeficiency virus–infected macaques or HIV-transgenic rats exposed to opioids or cocaine. Although we reported an associated increase in perivascular inflammation, the exact role of inflammatory cells in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling remains unknown. In this study, HIV–infected and cocaine (H+C)–treated human monocyte derived macrophages released a higher number of extracellular vesicles (EVs), compared to HIV-infected or uninfected cocaine-treated macrophages, with a significant increase in the particle size range to 100–150 nm. Treatment of primary human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) with these EVs resulted in a significant increase in smooth muscle proliferation. We also observed a significant increase in the miRNA-130a level in the EVs derived from H+C-treated macrophages that corresponded with the decrease in the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and tuberous sclerosis 1 and 2 and activation of PI3K/protein kinase B signaling in HPASMCs on addition of these EVs. Transfection of HPASMCs with antagomir-130a–ameliorated the EV-induced effect. Thus, we conclude that EVs derived from H+C-treated macrophages promote pulmonary smooth muscle proliferation by delivery of its prosurvival miRNA cargo, which may play a crucial role in the development of PAH.—Sharma, H., Chinnappan, M., Agarwal, S., Dalvi, P., Gunewardena, S., O’Brien-Ladner, A., Dhillon, N. K. Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles mediate smooth muscle hyperplasia: role of altered miRNA cargo in response to HIV infection and substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; and
| | - Mahendran Chinnappan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; and
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; and
| | - Pranjali Dalvi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; and
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Amy O'Brien-Ladner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; and
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; and.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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32
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Moulton KS, Li M, Strand K, Burgett S, McClatchey P, Tucker R, Furgeson SB, Lu S, Kirkpatrick B, Cleveland JC, Nemenoff RA, Ambardekar AV, Weiser-Evans MC. PTEN deficiency promotes pathological vascular remodeling of human coronary arteries. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97228. [PMID: 29467331 PMCID: PMC5916252 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is an essential regulator of the differentiated vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype. Our goal was to establish that PTEN loss promotes SMC dedifferentiation and pathological vascular remodeling in human atherosclerotic coronary arteries and nonatherosclerotic coronary arteries exposed to continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). Arteries were categorized as nonatherosclerotic hyperplasia (NAH), atherosclerotic hyperplasia (AH), or complex plaque (CP). NAH coronary arteries from CF-LVAD patients were compared to NAH coronaries from non-LVAD patients. Intimal PTEN and SMC contractile protein expression was reduced compared with the media in arteries with NAH, AH, or CP. Compared with NAH, PTEN and SMC contractile protein expression was reduced in the media and intima of arteries with AH and CP. NAH arteries from CF-LVAD patients showed marked vascular remodeling and reduced PTEN and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) in medial SMCs compared with arteries from non-LVAD patients; this correlated with increased medial collagen deposition. Mechanistically, compared with ApoE–/– mice, SMC-specific PTEN-null/ApoE–/– double-knockout mice exhibited accelerated atherosclerosis progression and increased vascular fibrosis. By microarray and validated quantitative RT-PCR analysis, SMC PTEN deficiency promotes a global upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes. We propose that PTEN is an antiinflammatory, antifibrotic target that functions to maintain SMC differentiation. SMC loss of PTEN results in pathological vascular remodeling of human arteries. PTEN loss correlates with dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells of human coronary arteries affected with atherosclerosis or exposed to continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcella Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Keith Strand
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Shawna Burgett
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Rebecca Tucker
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Seth B Furgeson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | - Sizhao Lu
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Joseph C Cleveland
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation.,Department of Surgery
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation.,Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | - Mary Cm Weiser-Evans
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation.,Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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33
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Döring Y, Noels H, Weber C. Potential cell-specific functions of CXCR4 in atherosclerosis. Hamostaseologie 2017; 36:97-102. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-10-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDer Chemokinrezeptor CXCR4 and sein Ligand CXCL12 bilden eine wichtige Achse in der Regulation von Zellfunktionen bei normaler Homöostase und bei Erkrankungen. Zusätzlich kann der atypische CXCL12 Rezeptor CXCR7 die Verfügbarkeit und Funktion von CXCL12 modulieren. Neben ihrer Rolle in der Mobilisierung von Stamm- und Vorläuferzellen, können CXCR4 und CXCL12 auch die Entwicklung der Atherosklerose über verschiedene Zellfunktionen beeinflussen. Dieser kurze Übersichtsartikel fasst das gegenwärtige Wissen zu den zellspezifischen Funktionen von CXCL12 und den Rezeptoren CXCR4 und CXCR7 mit möglichen Implikationen für die Entstehung und Progression der Atherosklerose zusammen
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34
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Lai YJ, Hsu HH, Chang GJ, Lin SH, Chen WJ, Huang CC, Pang JHS. Prostaglandin E1 Attenuates Pulmonary Artery Remodeling by Activating Phosphorylation of CREB and the PTEN Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9974. [PMID: 28855544 PMCID: PMC5577102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The depletion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is the critical mediator of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that the activation of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and PTEN could inhibit the AKT signaling pathway to attenuate pulmonary arterial remodeling in rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH. We observed decreased PTEN and pCREB in idiopathic PAH versus control tissue. We reduced PTEN using small interfering RNA in human control pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and observed an increase in pAKT. Consistent with PTEN knockdown in PASMCs, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) induced pCREB expression to stimulate PTEN protein expression and inhibited pAKT in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The enhanced proliferation and migration of PASMCs following PTEN knockdown were significantly inhibited by PGE1 treatment. The PGE1-induced elevation of PTEN expression in PTEN-depleted PASMCs was decreased by the application of a PKA inhibitor and a CBP-CREB interaction inhibitor. Supplementation with a novel emulsion composition comprising PGE1 in rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH prevented pulmonary arterial remodeling and improved hemodynamics via the induced expression of PTEN. We conclude that PGE1 recruits pCREB/PTEN to decrease the migration and proliferation of PASMCs associated with PAH. This finding elucidates a relevant underlying mechanism of the PGE1/CREB/PTEN signaling pathway to prevent progressive PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lai
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan. .,Respiratory Care, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, 61363, Taiwan.
| | - Hsao-Hsun Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jyh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Huang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Liu H, Yin T, Yan W, Si R, Wang B, Chen M, Li F, Wang Q, Tao L. Dysregulation of microRNA-214 and PTEN contributes to the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1781-1791. [PMID: 28684904 PMCID: PMC5485897 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, which is characterized by vascular remodeling of blood vessels, is an important complication in COPD. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-214 was differentially expressed by screening 13 candidate miRNAs in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Additionally, using luciferase assay in PASMCs, we found that phosphatase-and-tensin homolog (PTEN) was a target of miR-214. Furthermore, the expression of PTEN was found to be substantially downregulated in PASMCs from COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) compared with normal controls by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. In addition, we transfected PASMCs with miR-214 mimics, using real-time PCR and Western blotting, to confirm the miRNA/mRNA relationship. Furthermore, the introduction of miR-214 significantly promoted the proliferation of PASMCs by suppressing apoptosis of the cells, which was mediated by the downregulation of PTEN. Exposure to hypoxia significantly increased the expression of miR-214 and decreased the expression of PTEN in PASMCs, and its proliferation was significantly promoted. Such effects could be significantly attenuated by the introduction of miR-214 inhibitors, which significantly downregulated miR-214 expression and upregulated the expression of PTEN. In conclusion, hypoxia-induced upregulation of miR-214 was found to promote PH development by targeting PTEN in PASMCs, and miR-214 could be a promising diagnostic tool and novel therapeutic target in the management of hypoxia-induced PH in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiTao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Si
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Pullamsetti SS, Savai R, Seeger W, Goncharova EA. Translational Advances in the Field of Pulmonary Hypertension. From Cancer Biology to New Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapeutics. Targeting Cell Growth and Proliferation Signaling Hubs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:425-437. [PMID: 27627135 PMCID: PMC5803657 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201606-1226pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the DZL, Giessen, Germany
- Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the DZL, Giessen, Germany
- Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the DZL, Giessen, Germany
- Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Transforming growth factor-beta1 upregulation triggers pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis imbalance in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension via the PTEN/AKT pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:141-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yang L, Shen L, Li G, Yuan H, Jin X, Wu X. Silencing of hypoxia inducible factor-1α gene attenuated angiotensin Ⅱ-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2016; 252:40-49. [PMID: 27497884 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to determine the effect of HIF-1α, the main regulatory subunit of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), on the development of the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). METHODS AAA was induced in ApoE(-/-) mice by angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) infusion. In vivo silencing of HIF-1α was achieved by transfection of lentivirus expressing HIF-1α shRNA. RESULTS Time course analysis of the AngⅡ infusion model revealed that HIF-1α was persistently upregulated during a 28-day period of AAA development. Silencing of the HIF-1α gene reduced the aneurysm size (2.84 ± 1.96 mm vs. 1.41 ± 0.85 mm respectively at day 28, p = 0.0002). Silencing of HIF-1α also alleviated infiltration of macrophages (38.8 ± 14.7 vs. 11.4 ± 4.4 macrophages/0.1 mm(2), p = 0.0006) and neovascularity (5.56 ± 2.14 vs. 1.27 ± 1.05 microvessels/0.1 mm(2), p = 0.0008) in the AngⅡ infusion model, at day 28. The activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was also decreased by knockdown of HIF-1α. The early increased expression of pro-inflammatory factors, angiogenic factors, and MMPs during AAA induction was alleviated by HIF-1α silencing. CONCLUSIONS Activation of HIF-1 signaling pathway participates in the Ang Ⅱ-induced AAA formation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, QiLu Hospital to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xuejun Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Nuclear PTEN functions as an essential regulator of SRF-dependent transcription to control smooth muscle differentiation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10830. [PMID: 26940659 PMCID: PMC5411712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease progression is associated with marked changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype and function. SMC contractile gene expression and, thus differentiation, is under direct transcriptional control by the transcription factor, serum response factor (SRF); however, the mechanisms dynamically regulating SMC phenotype are not fully defined. Here we report that the lipid and protein phosphatase, PTEN, has a novel role in the nucleus by functioning as an indispensible regulator with SRF to maintain the differentiated SM phenotype. PTEN interacts with the N-terminal domain of SRF and PTEN–SRF interaction promotes SRF binding to essential promoter elements in SM-specific genes. Factors inducing phenotypic switching promote loss of nuclear PTEN through nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation resulting in reduced myogenically active SRF, but enhanced SRF activity on target genes involved in proliferation. Overall decreased expression of PTEN was observed in intimal SMCs of human atherosclerotic lesions underlying the potential clinical importance of these findings. The transcription factor, serum response factor, SRF regulates critical smooth muscle (SM) contractile gene expression but what else controls SM differentiation is unclear. Here, Horita et al. demonstrate that nuclear PTEN acts with SRF at the transcriptional level to maintain the differentiated SM phenotype.
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Zeng L, Li Y, Yang J, Wang G, Margariti A, Xiao Q, Zampetaki A, Yin X, Mayr M, Mori K, Wang W, Hu Y, Xu Q. XBP 1-Deficiency Abrogates Neointimal Lesion of Injured Vessels Via Cross Talk With the PDGF Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2134-44. [PMID: 26315405 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation play an essential role in neointimal formation after vascular injury. In this study, we intended to investigate whether the X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) was involved in these processes. APPROACH AND RESULTS In vivo studies on femoral artery injury models revealed that vascular injury triggered an immediate upregulation of XBP1 expression and splicing in vascular SMCs and that XBP1 deficiency in SMCs significantly abrogated neointimal formation in the injured vessels. In vitro studies indicated that platelet-derived growth factor-BB triggered XBP1 splicing in SMCs via the interaction between platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α. The spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) increased SMC migration via PI3K/Akt activation and proliferation via downregulating calponin h1 (CNN1). XBP1s directed the transcription of mir-1274B that targeted CNN1 mRNA degradation. Proteomic analysis of culture media revealed that XBP1s decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family proteins secretion via transcriptional suppression. TGF-β3 but not TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 attenuated XBP1s-induced CNN1 decrease and SMC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that XBP1 is crucial for SMC proliferation via modulating the platelet-derived growth factor/TGF-β pathways, leading to neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Zeng
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.).
| | - Yi Li
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Juanyao Yang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Gang Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Andriana Margariti
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Wen Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.).
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Ha D, Mester J, Eng C, Farha S. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with Cowden syndrome and the PTEN mutation. Pulm Circ 2015; 4:728-31. [PMID: 25610608 DOI: 10.1086/678552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) exhibits many neoplastic-like features. Cowden syndrome is a difficult-to-recognize heritable cancer syndrome caused by a germline mutation in the phosphatase-and-tensin homolog deleted on the chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene. PTEN regulation has been implicated in cancer development and, more recently, PAH pathogenesis. Here we report a case of PAH in a patient with Cowden syndrome and the response to pulmonary vasodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Ha
- Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica Mester
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Samar Farha
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Wei L, Zhang B, Cao W, Xing H, Yu X, Zhu D. Inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 suppresses pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and cell cycle progression via PI3K/Akt pathway under hypoxia. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:329-39. [PMID: 25421526 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.984308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12) and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) are known to modulate hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) and vascular remodeling by mobilization and recruitment of progenitor cells to the pulmonary vasculature. However, little is known about CXCL12/CXCR4 regulating proliferation and cell cycle progression of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). To determine whether CXCL12/CXCR4 regulates PASMC proliferation and the cell cycle, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and cell cycle analysis were preformed in this study. Our results showed that CXCR4 was induced by hypoxia in pulmonary arteries and PASMCs of rats. Hypoxia-increased cell viability, DNA synthesis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression were blocked by administration of CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, silencing CXCR4 or CXCL12. Furthermore, inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 suppressed cell cycle progression, decreased the number of cells in S+G2/M phase and attenuated the expression of proteins that regulate the cell cycle progression at these phases. In addition, PI3K/Akt signaling mediated CXCL12/CXCR4 regulating proliferation and cell cycle progression in PASMCs. Thus, these results indicate that blockade of CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibited PASMC proliferation and cell cycle progression in hypoxia-induced PH via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuping Wei
- a Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing , Daqing , China and
| | - Bo Zhang
- a Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing , Daqing , China and
| | - Weiwei Cao
- a Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing , Daqing , China and
| | - Hao Xing
- a Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing , Daqing , China and
| | - Xiufeng Yu
- a Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing , Daqing , China and
| | - Daling Zhu
- a Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing , Daqing , China and.,b Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province , Harbin , China
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Tang H, Chen J, Fraidenburg DR, Song S, Sysol JR, Drennan AR, Offermanns S, Ye RD, Bonini MG, Minshall RD, Garcia JGN, Machado RF, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Deficiency of Akt1, but not Akt2, attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L208-20. [PMID: 25416384 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00242.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling, mainly attributable to enhanced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, is a major cause for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The signaling cascade through Akt, comprised of three isoforms (Akt1-3) with distinct but overlapping functions, is involved in regulating cell proliferation and migration. This study aims to investigate whether the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and particularly which Akt isoform, contributes to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Compared with the wild-type littermates, Akt1(-/-) mice were protected against the development and progression of chronic HPH, whereas Akt2(-/-) mice did not demonstrate any significant protection against the development of HPH. Furthermore, pulmonary vascular remodeling was significantly attenuated in the Akt1(-/-) mice, with no significant effect noted in the Akt2(-/-) mice after chronic exposure to normobaric hypoxia (10% O2). Overexpression of the upstream repressor of Akt signaling, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and conditional and inducible knockout of mTOR in smooth muscle cells were also shown to attenuate the rise in right ventricular systolic pressure and the development of right ventricular hypertrophy. In conclusion, Akt isoforms appear to have a unique function within the pulmonary vasculature, with the Akt1 isoform having a dominant role in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with HPH. The PTEN/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway will continue to be a critical area of study in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, and specific Akt isoforms may help specify therapeutic targets for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dustin R Fraidenburg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Justin R Sysol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Abigail R Drennan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Richard D Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Deng L, Huang L, Sun Y, Heath JM, Wu H, Chen Y. Inhibition of FOXO1/3 promotes vascular calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:175-83. [PMID: 25378413 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and end-stage renal disease. We have demonstrated that activation of protein kinase B (AKT) upregulates runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a key osteogenic transcription factor that is crucial for calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Using mice with SMC-specific deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a major negative regulator of AKT, the present studies uncovered a novel molecular mechanism underlying PTEN/AKT/FOXO (forkhead box O)-mediated Runx2 upregulation and VSMC calcification. APPROACH AND RESULTS SMC-specific PTEN deletion mice were generated by crossing PTEN floxed mice with SM22α-Cre transgenic mice. The PTEN deletion resulted in sustained activation of AKT that upregulated Runx2 and promoted VSMC calcification in vitro and arterial calcification ex vivo. Runx2 knockdown did not affect proliferation but blocked calcification of the PTEN-deficient VSMC, suggesting that PTEN deletion promotes Runx2-depedent VSMC calcification that is independent of proliferation. At the molecular level, PTEN deficiency increased the amount of Runx2 post-transcriptionally by inhibiting Runx2 ubiquitination. AKT activation increased phosphorylation of FOXO1/3 that led to nuclear exclusion of FOXO1/3. FOXO1/3 knockdown in VSMC phenocopied the PTEN deficiency, demonstrating a novel function of FOXO1/3, as a downstream signaling of PTEN/AKT, in regulating Runx2 ubiquitination and VSMC calcification. Using heterozygous SMC-specific PTEN-deficient mice and atherogenic ApoE(-/-) mice, we further demonstrated AKT activation, FOXO phosphorylation, and Runx2 ubiquitination in vascular calcification in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our studies have determined a new causative effect of SMC-specific PTEN deficiency on vascular calcification and demonstrated that FOXO1/3 plays a crucial role in PTEN/AKT-modulated Runx2 ubiquitination and VSMC calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Deng
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Lu Huang
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Yong Sun
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jack M Heath
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hui Wu
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Yabing Chen
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.
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Lehman AMB, Montford JR, Horita H, Ostriker AC, Weiser-Evans MCM, Nemenoff RA, Furgeson SB. Activation of the retinoid X receptor modulates angiotensin II-induced smooth muscle gene expression and inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:570-9. [PMID: 25169989 PMCID: PMC4201143 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.092163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoid X receptor (RXR) partners with numerous nuclear receptors, such as the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) family, liver X receptors (LXRs), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Although each heterodimer can be activated by specific ligands, a subset of these receptors, defined as permissive nuclear receptors, can also be activated by RXR agonists known as rexinoids. Many individual RXR heterodimers have beneficial effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Because rexinoids can potently activate multiple RXR pathways, we hypothesized that treating SMCs with rexinoids would more effectively reverse the pathophysiologic effects of angiotensin II than an individual heterodimer agonist. Cultured rat aortic SMCs were pretreated with either an RXR agonist (bexarotene or 9-cis retinoic acid) or vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) for 24 hours before stimulation with angiotensin II. Compared with dimethylsulfoxide, bexarotene blocked angiotensin II-induced SM contractile gene induction (calponin and smooth muscle-α-actin) and protein synthesis ([(3)H]leucine incorporation). Bexarotene also decreased angiotensin II-mediated inflammation, as measured by decreased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase but not extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) or protein kinase B (Akt) was also blunted by bexarotene. We compared bexarotene to five agonists of nuclear receptors (PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ, LXR, and FXR). Bexarotene had a greater effect on calponin reduction, MCP-1 inhibition, and p38 MAP kinase inhibition than any individual agonist. PPARγ knockout cells demonstrated blunted responses to bexarotene, indicating that PPARγ is necessary for the effects of bexarotene. These data demonstrate that RXR is a potent modulator of angiotensin II-mediated responses in the vasculature, partially through inhibition of p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M B Lehman
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - John R Montford
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - Henrick Horita
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - Allison C Ostriker
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - Seth B Furgeson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
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Integration of proteomic and transcriptomic profiles identifies a novel PDGF-MYC network in human smooth muscle cells. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:44. [PMID: 25080971 PMCID: PMC4422302 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) has been implicated in the proliferation, migration and synthetic activities of smooth muscle cells that characterize physiologic and pathologic tissue remodeling in hollow organs. However, neither the molecular basis of PDGFR-regulated signaling webs, nor the extent to which specific components within these networks could be exploited for therapeutic benefit has been fully elucidated. Results Expression profiling and quantitative proteomics analysis of PDGF-treated primary human bladder smooth muscle cells identified 1,695 genes and 241 proteins as differentially expressed versus non-treated cells. Analysis of gene expression data revealed MYC, JUN, EGR1, MYB, RUNX1, as the transcription factors most significantly networked with up-regulated genes. Forty targets were significantly altered at both the mRNA and protein levels. Proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were the biological processes most significantly associated with this signature, and MYC was the most highly networked master regulator. Alterations in master regulators and gene targets were validated in PDGF-stimulated smooth muscle cells in vitro and in a model of bladder injury in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of MYC and JUN confirmed their role in SMC proliferation and migration. Network analysis identified the diaphanous-related formin 3 as a novel PDGF target regulated by MYC and JUN, which was necessary for PDGF-stimulated lamellipodium formation. Conclusions These findings provide the first systems-level analysis of the PDGF-regulated transcriptome and proteome in normal smooth muscle cells. The analyses revealed an extensive cohort of PDGF-dependent biological processes and connected key transcriptional effectors to their regulation, significantly expanding current knowledge of PDGF-stimulated signaling cascades. These observations also implicate MYC as a novel target for pharmacological intervention in fibroproliferative expansion of smooth muscle, and potentially in cancers in which PDGFR-dependent signaling or MYC activation promote tumor progression.
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Döring Y, Pawig L, Weber C, Noels H. The CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine ligand/receptor axis in cardiovascular disease. Front Physiol 2014; 5:212. [PMID: 24966838 PMCID: PMC4052746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 play an important homeostatic function by mediating the homing of progenitor cells in the bone marrow and regulating their mobilization into peripheral tissues upon injury or stress. Although the CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction has long been regarded as a monogamous relation, the identification of the pro-inflammatory chemokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as an important second ligand for CXCR4, and of CXCR7 as an alternative receptor for CXCL12, has undermined this interpretation and has considerably complicated the understanding of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling and associated biological functions. This review aims to provide insight into the current concept of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in myocardial infarction (MI) and its underlying pathologies such as atherosclerosis and injury-induced vascular restenosis. It will discuss main findings from in vitro studies, animal experiments and large-scale genome-wide association studies. The importance of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in progenitor cell homing and mobilization will be addressed, as will be the function of CXCR4 in different cell types involved in atherosclerosis. Finally, a potential translation of current knowledge on CXCR4 into future therapeutical application will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Pawig
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany ; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Munich, Germany ; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
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Ravi Y, Selvendiran K, Meduru S, Citro L, Naidu S, Khan M, Rivera BK, Sai-Sudhakar CB, Kuppusamy P. Dysregulation of PTEN in cardiopulmonary vascular remodeling induced by pulmonary hypertension. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:363-72. [PMID: 22205501 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disorder of lung vasculature characterized by arterial narrowing. Phosphatase-and-tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), associated in the progression of multiple cancers, is implicated in arterial remodeling. However, the involvement of PTEN in PH remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to determine the role of PTEN in pulmonary vascular remodeling using established models of PH. The study used rat models of PH, induced by monocrotaline (MCT) administration (60 mg/kg) or continuous hypoxic exposure (10% oxygen) for 3 weeks. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were used for in vitro confirmation. Development of PH was verified by hemodynamic, morphological and histopathology analyses. PTEN and key downstream proteins in pulmonary and cardiac tissues were analyzed by western blotting and RT-PCR. PTEN was significantly decreased (MCT, 53%; Hypoxia, 40%), pAkt was significantly increased (MCT, 42%; Hypoxia, 55%) in tissues of rats with PH. Similar results were observed in SMCs exposed to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for 48 h. Ubiquitination assay showed that PTEN degradation occurs via proteasomal degradation pathway. Western blotting demonstrated a significant downregulation of cell-cycle regulatory proteins p53 and p27, and upregulation of cyclin-D1 in the lungs of both models. The results showed that PTEN-mediated modulation of PI3K pathway was independent of the focal adhesion kinase and fatty acid synthase. The study, for the first time, established that PTEN plays a key role in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. The findings may have potential for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension using PTEN as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhini Ravi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Sur S, Sugimoto JT, Agrawal DK. Coronary artery bypass graft: why is the saphenous vein prone to intimal hyperplasia? Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:531-45. [PMID: 24933515 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells and the resultant intimal hyperplasia cause coronary artery bypass graft failure. Both internal mammary artery and saphenous vein are the most commonly used bypass conduits. Although an internal mammary artery graft is immune to restenosis, a saphenous vein graft is prone to develop restenosis. We found significantly higher activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the smooth muscle cells of the internal mammary artery than in the saphenous vein. In this article, we critically review the pathophysiology of vein-graft failure with detailed discussion of the involvement of various factors, including PTEN, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, in uncontrolled proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells towards the lumen, and invasion of the graft conduit. We identified potential target sites that could be useful in preventing and (or) reversing unwanted consequences following coronary artery bypass graft using saphenous vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swastika Sur
- a Department of Biomedical Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Qi X, Xu J, Gu P, Yang X, Gao X. PTEN in smooth muscle cells is essential for colonic immune homeostasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:108-14. [PMID: 24819541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Colonic immune homeostasis is essential for normal gastrointestinal tract functioning. In this study, we report that specific gene targeting of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in smooth muscle cells caused age-related colonic lymphoid hyperplasia followed by global immune activation in mice. Beginning at 5 weeks of age, these mutant mice displayed massive neutrophil infiltration in the colonic lamina propria. The gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including those code for monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (Mcp-1), stromal cell-derived factor 1α (Sdf-1α), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (Ccl-28), were upregulated in the colon. Accordingly, permeability and proliferation of the colonic epithelium was compromised. These abnormalities were alleviated to a great extent when the mutants were crossed with Akt1-null mice, indicating that the pathogenesis was mediated by Akt1 signaling. Our results suggest that in smooth muscle cells, PTEN is crucial for maintaining colonic immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Pengyu Gu
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing 210061, China.
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