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Pereira DA, Calmasini FB, Costa FF, Burnett AL, Silva FH. Nitric Oxide Resistance in Priapism Associated with Sickle Cell Disease: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Challenges, and Future Directions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 390:203-212. [PMID: 38262744 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) display priapism, a prolonged penile erection in the absence of sexual arousal. The current pharmacological treatments for SCD-associated priapism are limited and focused on acute interventions rather than prevention. Thus, there is an urgent need for new drug targets and preventive pharmacological therapies for this condition. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms linked to the dysfunction of the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway implicated in SCD-associated priapism. In murine models of SCD, reduced nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP bioavailability in the corpus cavernosum is associated with elevated plasma hemoglobin levels, increased reactive oxygen species levels that inactive NO, and testosterone deficiency that leads to endothelial nitric oxide synthase downregulation. We discuss the consequences of the reduced cGMP-dependent PDE5 activity in response to these molecular changes, highlighting it as the primary pathophysiological mechanism leading to excessive corpus cavernosum relaxation, culminating in priapism. We also further discuss the impact of intravascular hemolysis on therapeutic approaches, present current pharmacological strategies targeting the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in the penis, and identify potential pharmacological targets for future priapism therapies. In men with SCD and priapism, PDE5 inhibitor therapy and testosterone replacement have shown promising results. Recent preclinical research reported the beneficial effect of treatment with haptoglobin and NO donors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review discusses the molecular changes that reduce NO-cGMP bioavailability in the penis in SCD and highlights pharmacological targets and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of priapism, including PDE5 inhibitors, hormonal modulators, NO donors, hydroxyurea, soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, haptoglobin, hemopexin, and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Andrade Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil (D.A.P., F.H.S.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (F.B.C.); Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil (F.F.C.); and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.L.B.)
| | - Fabiano Beraldi Calmasini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil (D.A.P., F.H.S.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (F.B.C.); Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil (F.F.C.); and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.L.B.)
| | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil (D.A.P., F.H.S.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (F.B.C.); Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil (F.F.C.); and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.L.B.)
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil (D.A.P., F.H.S.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (F.B.C.); Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil (F.F.C.); and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.L.B.)
| | - Fábio Henrique Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil (D.A.P., F.H.S.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (F.B.C.); Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil (F.F.C.); and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.L.B.)
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Pereira DA, Silveira THR, Calmasini FB, Silva FH. Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and activators: new horizons in the treatment of priapism associated with sickle cell disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1357176. [PMID: 38384294 PMCID: PMC10879333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1357176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Priapism, defined as a prolonged and often painful penile erection occurring without sexual stimulation or desire, is a common complication in sickle cell disease (SCD), affecting up to 48% of male patients. This condition presents significant clinical challenges and can lead to erectile dysfunction if not properly managed. Current pharmacological treatments for SCD-related priapism are primarily reactive rather than preventative, highlighting a gap in effective medical intervention strategies. A critical factor in developing priapism is the reduced basal bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in erectile tissues. New prevention strategies should ideally target the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Compounds that stimulate and activate soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) emerge as potential therapeutic candidates since these compounds have the property of inducing cGMP production by sGC. This review explores the potential of sGC stimulators and activators in treating priapism associated with SCD. We discuss the advantages of these agents in the face of the challenging pathophysiology of SCD. Additionally, the review underscores the impact of intravascular hemolysis and oxidative stress on priapism pathophysiology in SCD, areas in which sGC stimulators and activators may also have beneficial therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Andrade Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Beraldi Calmasini
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Henrique Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
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Biose IJ, Oremosu J, Bhatnagar S, Bix GJ. Promising Cerebral Blood Flow Enhancers in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:863-889. [PMID: 36394792 PMCID: PMC10640530 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke presents a major global economic and public health burden. Although recent advances in available endovascular therapies show improved functional outcome, a good number of stroke patients are either ineligible or do not have access to these treatments. Also, robust collateral flow during acute ischemic stroke independently predicts the success of endovascular therapies and the outcome of stroke. Hence, adjunctive therapies for cerebral blood flow (CBF) enhancement are urgently needed. A very clear overview of the pial collaterals and the role of genetics are presented in this review. We review available evidence and advancement for potential therapies aimed at improving CBF during acute ischemic stroke. We identified heme-free soluble guanylate cyclase activators; Sanguinate, remote ischemic perconditioning; Fasudil, S1P agonists; and stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion as promising potential CBF-enhancing therapeutics requiring further investigation. Additionally, we outline and discuss the critical steps required to advance research strategies for clinically translatable CBF-enhancing agents in the context of acute ischemic stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifechukwude Joachim Biose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, Room 1349, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jadesola Oremosu
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Somya Bhatnagar
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Gregory Jaye Bix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, Room 1349, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA.
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Dent MR, DeMartino AW. Nitric oxide and thiols: Chemical biology, signalling paradigms and vascular therapeutic potential. Br J Pharmacol 2023:10.1111/bph.16274. [PMID: 37908126 PMCID: PMC11058123 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (• NO) interactions with biological thiols play crucial, but incompletely determined, roles in vascular signalling and other biological processes. Here, we highlight two recently proposed signalling paradigms: (1) the formation of a vasodilating labile nitrosyl ferrous haem (NO-ferrohaem) facilitated by thiols via thiyl radical generation and (2) polysulfides/persulfides and their interaction with • NO. We also describe the specific (bio)chemical routes in which • NO and thiols react to form S-nitrosothiols, a broad class of small molecules, and protein post-translational modifications that can influence protein function through catalytic site or allosteric structural changes. S-Nitrosothiol formation depends upon cellular conditions, but critically, an appropriate oxidant for either the thiol (yielding a thiyl radical) or • NO (yielding a nitrosonium [NO+ ]-donating species) is required. We examine the roles of these collective • NO/thiol species in vascular signalling and their cardiovascular therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony W. DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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DeMartino AW, Poudel L, Dent MR, Chen X, Xu Q, Gladwin BS, Tejero J, Basu S, Alipour E, Jiang Y, Rose JJ, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB. Thiol-catalyzed formation of NO-ferroheme regulates intravascular NO signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1256-1266. [PMID: 37710075 PMCID: PMC10897909 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule that regulates blood flow and platelet activation. However, intracellular and intravascular diffusion of NO are limited by scavenging reactions with several hemoproteins, raising questions as to how free NO can signal in hemoprotein-rich environments. We explore the hypothesis that NO can be stabilized as a labile ferrous heme-nitrosyl complex (Fe2+-NO, NO-ferroheme). We observe a reaction between NO, labile ferric heme (Fe3+) and reduced thiols to yield NO-ferroheme and a thiyl radical. This thiol-catalyzed reductive nitrosylation occurs when heme is solubilized in lipophilic environments such as red blood cell membranes or bound to serum albumin. The resulting NO-ferroheme resists oxidative inactivation, is soluble in cell membranes and is transported intravascularly by albumin to promote potent vasodilation. We therefore provide an alternative route for NO delivery from erythrocytes and blood via transfer of NO-ferroheme and activation of apo-soluble guanylyl cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laxman Poudel
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiukai Chen
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan S Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Swati Basu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elmira Alipour
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jason J Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Mollace R, Scarano F, Bava I, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Muscoli S, Palma E, Muscoli C, Salvemini D, Federici M, Macrì R, Mollace V. Modulation of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway in cardiac contraction and relaxation: Potential role in heart failure treatment. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106931. [PMID: 37722519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Evidence exists that heart failure (HF) has an overall impact of 1-2 % in the global population being often associated with comorbidities that contribute to increased disease prevalence, hospitalization, and mortality. Recent advances in pharmacological approaches have significantly improved clinical outcomes for patients with vascular injury and HF. Nevertheless, there remains an unmet need to clarify the crucial role of nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signalling in cardiac contraction and relaxation, to better identify the key mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial dysfunction both with reduced (HFrEF) as well as preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Indeed, NO signalling plays a crucial role in cardiovascular homeostasis and its dysregulation induces a significant increase in oxidative and nitrosative stress, producing anatomical and physiological cardiac alterations that can lead to heart failure. The present review aims to examine the molecular mechanisms involved in the bioavailability of NO and its modulation of downstream pathways. In particular, we focus on the main therapeutic targets and emphasize the recent evidence of preclinical and clinical studies, describing the different emerging therapeutic strategies developed to counteract NO impaired signalling and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Saverio Muscoli
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation PTV Polyclinic Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy; Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro 88046, Italy.
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Seryapina AA, Malyavko AA, Polityko YK, Yanshole LV, Tsentalovich YP, Markel AL. Metabolic profile of blood serum in experimental arterial hypertension. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:530-538. [PMID: 37867609 PMCID: PMC10587007 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of essential hypertension is intricate, since it employs simultaneously various body systems related to the regulation of blood pressure in one way or another: the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems, renal and endothelial mechanisms. The pathogenesis of hypertension is influenced by a variety of both genetic and environmental factors, which determines the heterogeneity of the disease in human population. Hence, there is a need to perform research on experimental models - inbred animal strains, one of them being ISIAH rat strain, which is designed to simulate inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension as close as possible to primary (or essential) hypertension in humans. To determine specific markers of diseases, various omics technologies are applied, including metabolomics, which makes it possible to evaluate the content of low-molecular compounds - amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids fragments - in biological samples available for clinical analysis (blood and urine). We analyzed the metabolic profile of the blood serum of male ISIAH rats with a genetic stress-dependent form of arterial hypertension in comparison with the normotensive WAG rats. Using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy), 56 metabolites in blood serum samples were identified, 18 of which were shown to have significant interstrain differences in serum concentrations. Statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that the hypertensive status of ISIAH rats is characterized by increased concentrations of leucine, isoleucine, valine, myo-inositol, isobutyrate, glutamate, glutamine, ornithine and creatine phosphate, and reduced concentrations of 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, betaine, tyrosine and tryptophan. Such a ratio of the metabolite concentrations is associated with changes in the regulation of glucose metabolism (metabolic markers - leucine, isoleucine, valine, myo-inositol), of nitric oxide synthesis (ornithine) and catecholamine pathway (tyrosine), and with inflammatory processes (metabolic markers - betaine, tryptophan), all of these changes being typical for hypertensive status. Thus, metabolic profiling of the stress-dependent form of arterial hypertension seems to be an important result for a personalized approach to the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Seryapina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Malyavko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu K Polityko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu P Tsentalovich
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A L Markel
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Mace EH, Kimlinger MJ, Billings FT, Lopez MG. Targeting Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase during Ischemia and Reperfusion. Cells 2023; 12:1903. [PMID: 37508567 PMCID: PMC10378692 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (IR) damage organs and contribute to many disease states. Few effective treatments exist that attenuate IR injury. The augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) signaling remains a promising therapeutic target for IR injury. NO binds to soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) to regulate vasodilation, maintain endothelial barrier integrity, and modulate inflammation through the production of cyclic-GMP in vascular smooth muscle. Pharmacologic sGC stimulators and activators have recently been developed. In preclinical studies, sGC stimulators, which augment the reduced form of sGC, and activators, which activate the oxidized non-NO binding form of sGC, increase vasodilation and decrease cardiac, cerebral, renal, pulmonary, and hepatic injury following IR. These effects may be a result of the improved regulation of perfusion and decreased oxidative injury during IR. sGC stimulators are now used clinically to treat some chronic conditions such as heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Clinical trials of sGC activators have been terminated secondary to adverse side effects including hypotension. Additional clinical studies to investigate the effects of sGC stimulation and activation during acute conditions, such as IR, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Mace
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, Suite CCC-4312, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2730, USA
| | - Melissa J Kimlinger
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 428 Eskind Family Biomedical Library and Learning Center, Nashville, TN 37240-0002, USA
| | - Frederic T Billings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Arts Building, Suite 422, 1211 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212-1750, USA
| | - Marcos G Lopez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Arts Building, Suite 422, 1211 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212-1750, USA
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9
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Vascular nitric oxide resistance in type 2 diabetes. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:410. [PMID: 37433795 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Vascular nitric oxide (NO•) resistance, manifested by an impaired vasodilator function of NO• in both the macro- and microvessels, is a common state in type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated with developing cardiovascular events and death. Here, we summarize experimental and human evidence of vascular NO• resistance in T2D and discuss its underlying mechanisms. Human studies indicate a ~ 13-94% decrease in the endothelium (ET)-dependent vascular smooth muscle (VSM) relaxation and a 6-42% reduced response to NO• donors, i.e., sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), in patients with T2D. A decreased vascular NO• production, NO• inactivation, and impaired responsiveness of VSM to NO• [occurred due to quenching NO• activity, desensitization of its receptor soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and/or impairment of its downstream pathway, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG)] are the known mechanisms underlying the vascular NO• resistance in T2D. Hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and vascular insulin resistance are key players in this state. Therefore, upregulating vascular NO• availability, re-sensitizing or bypassing the non-responsive pathways to NO•, and targeting key vascular sources of ROS production may be clinically relevant pharmacological approaches to circumvent T2D-induced vascular NO• resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jones AK, Chen H, Ng KJ, Villalona J, McHugh M, Zeveleva S, Wilks J, Brilisauer K, Bretschneider T, Qian HS, Fryer RM. Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activator BI 685509 Reduces Portal Hypertension and Portosystemic Shunting in a Rat Thioacetamide-Induced Cirrhosis Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 386:70-79. [PMID: 37230799 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension (PT) commonly occurs in cirrhosis. Nitric oxide (NO) imbalance contributes to PT via reduced soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation and cGMP production, resulting in vasoconstriction, endothelial cell dysfunction, and fibrosis. We assessed the effects of BI 685509, an NO-independent sGC activator, on fibrosis and extrahepatic complications in a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhosis and PT model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received TAA twice-weekly for 15 weeks (300-150 mg/kg i.p.). BI 685509 was administered daily for the last 12 weeks (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg p.o.; n = 8-11 per group) or the final week only (Acute, 3 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6). Rats were anesthetized to measure portal venous pressure. Pharmacokinetics and hepatic cGMP (target engagement) were measured by mass spectrometry. Hepatic Sirius Red morphometry (SRM) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) were measured by immunohistochemistry; portosystemic shunting was measured using colored microspheres. BI 685509 dose-dependently increased hepatic cGMP at 1 and 3 mg/kg (3.92 ± 0.34 and 5.14 ± 0.44 versus 2.50 ± 0.19 nM in TAA alone; P < 0.05). TAA increased hepatic SRM, αSMA, PT, and portosystemic shunting. Compared with TAA, 3 mg/kg BI 685509 reduced SRM by 38%, αSMA area by 55%, portal venous pressure by 26%, and portosystemic shunting by 10% (P < 0.05). Acute BI 685509 reduced SRM and PT by 45% and 21%, respectively (P < 0.05). BI 685509 improved hepatic and extrahepatic cirrhosis pathophysiology in TAA-induced cirrhosis. These data support the clinical investigation of BI 685509 for PT in patients with cirrhosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: BI 685509 is an NO-independent sGC activator that was tested in a preclinical rat model of TAA-induced nodular, liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, and portal systemic shunting. BI 685509 reduced liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, and portal-systemic shunting in a dose-dependent manner, supporting its clinical assessment to treat portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Jones
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Khing Jow Ng
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Jorge Villalona
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Mark McHugh
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Svetlana Zeveleva
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - James Wilks
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Klaus Brilisauer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Hu Sheng Qian
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Ryan M Fryer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
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11
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McChord J, Pereyra VM, Froebel S, Bekeredjian R, Schwab M, Ong P. Drug repurposing-a promising approach for patients with angina but non-obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA). Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1156456. [PMID: 37396593 PMCID: PMC10313125 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1156456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In today's era of individualized precision medicine drug repurposing represents a promising approach to offer patients fast access to novel treatments. Apart from drug repurposing in cancer treatments, cardiovascular pharmacology is another attractive field for this approach. Patients with angina pectoris without obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) report refractory angina despite standard medications in up to 40% of cases. Drug repurposing also appears to be an auspicious option for this indication. From a pathophysiological point of view ANOCA patients frequently suffer from vasomotor disorders such as coronary spasm and/or impaired microvascular vasodilatation. Consequently, we carefully screened the literature and identified two potential therapeutic targets: the blockade of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor and the stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). Genetically increased endothelin expression results in elevated levels of ET-1, justifying ET-1 receptor blockers as drug candidates to treat coronary spasm. sGC stimulators may be beneficial as they stimulate the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway leading to GMP-mediated vasodilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna McChord
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Froebel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Raffi Bekeredjian
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ong
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
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12
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Dai Y, Stuehr DJ. BAY58-2667 Activates Different Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Species by Distinct Mechanisms that Indicate Its Principal Target in Cells is the Heme-Free Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase-Heat Shock Protein 90 Complex. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:286-296. [PMID: 36868790 PMCID: PMC10166446 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-unresponsive forms of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) exist naturally and in disease can disable NO-sGC-cGMP signaling. Agonists like BAY58-2667 (BAY58) target these sGC forms, but their mechanisms of action in living cells are unclear. We studied rat lung fibroblast-6 cells and human airway smooth muscle cells that naturally express sGC and HEK293 cells that we transfected to express sGC and variants. Cells were cultured to build up different forms of sGC, and we used fluorescence and FRET-based measures to monitor BAY58-driven cGMP production and any protein partner exchange or heme loss events that may occur for each sGC species. We found that: (i) BAY58 activated cGMP production by the apo-sGCβ-Hsp90 species after a 5-8 minute delay that was associated with apo-sGCβ exchanging its Hsp90 partner with an sGCα subunit. (ii) In cells containing an artificially constructed heme-free sGC heterodimer, BAY58 initiated an immediate and three times faster cGMP production. However, this behavior was not observed in cells expressing native sGC under any condition. (iii) BAY58 activated cGMP production by ferric heme sGC only after a 30-minute delay, coincident with it initiating a delayed, slow ferric heme loss from sGCβ We conclude that the kinetics favor BAY58 activation of the apo-sGCβ-Hsp90 species over the ferric heme sGC species in living cells. The protein partner exchange events driven by BAY58 account for the initial delay in cGMP production and also limit the speed of subsequent cGMP production in the cells. Our findings clarify how agonists like BAY58 may activate sGC in health and disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A class of agonists can activate cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) synthesis by forms of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) that do not respond to NO and accumulate in disease, but the mechanisms of action are unclear. This study clarifies what forms of sGC exist in living cells, which of these can be activated by the agonists, and the mechanisms and kinetics by which each form is activated. This information may help to hasten deployment of these agonists for pharmaceutical intervention and clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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13
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Liu H, O'Brien MW, Wu Y, Bustamante CM, Kimmerly DS. An acute bout of prolonged sitting blunts popliteal endothelium-independent dilation in young, healthy adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:521-528. [PMID: 36656984 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00712.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A single bout of prolonged uninterrupted sitting increases oxidative stress, reduces popliteal blood flow-induced shear stress, and diminishes endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation (FMD). The FMD response is also influenced by the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle cells to nitric oxide (i.e., endothelium-independent dilation), which is also attenuated by elevated oxidative stress. However, it is currently unknown whether prolonged sitting impacts popliteal endothelium-independent dilation responses, which may uncover a novel mechanism associated with sitting-induced vascular dysfunction. This study tested the hypothesis that prolonged sitting attenuates both popliteal FMD and endothelium-independent, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation responses (NMD, 0.4 mg sublingual dose). Popliteal blood flow (mL/min), relative FMD (%), and NMD (%) were assessed via duplex ultrasonography before and after a ∼3-h bout of sitting in 14 young, healthy adults (8♀; 22 ± 2 yr). Prolonged sitting attenuated resting blood flow (57 ± 23 to 32 ± 16 mL/min, P < 0.001), relative FMD (4.6 ± 2.8% to 2.2 ± 2.5%; P = 0.001), and NMD (7.3 ± 4.0% to 4.6 ± 3.0%; P = 0.002). These novel findings demonstrate that both endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms contribute to the adverse vascular consequences associated with prolonged bouts of sitting.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that lower-limb vascular smooth muscle function is attenuated in young, healthy adults after an acute bout of prolonged sitting. These data indicate that prolonged sitting-induced vascular dysfunction involves both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Liu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Myles W O'Brien
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Geriatric Medicine Research, Dalhousie University and Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina M Bustamante
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Derek S Kimmerly
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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14
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Reinhart GA, Harrison PC, Lincoln K, Chen H, Sun P, Hill J, Qian HS, McHugh MC, Clifford H, Ng KJ, Wang H, Fowler D, Gueneva-Boucheva K, Brenneman JB, Bosanac T, Wong D, Fryer RM, Sarko C, Boustany-Kari CM, Pullen SS. The Novel, Clinical-Stage Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activator BI 685509 Protects from Disease Progression in Models of Renal Injury and Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:382-392. [PMID: 36507845 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to restore cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and improve functionality of nitric oxide (NO) pathways impaired by oxidative stress is a potential treatment of diabetic and chronic kidney disease. We report the pharmacology of BI 685509, a novel, orally active small molecule sGC activator with disease-modifying potential. BI 685509 and human sGC α1/β1 heterodimer containing a reduced heme group produced concentration-dependent increases in cGMP that were elevated modestly by NO, whereas heme-free sGC and BI 685509 greatly enhanced cGMP with no effect of NO. BI 685509 increased cGMP in human and rat platelet-rich plasma treated with the heme-oxidant ODQ; respective EC50 values were 467 nM and 304 nM. In conscious telemetry-instrumented rats, BI 685509 did not affect mean arterial pressure (MAP) or heart rate (HR) at 3 and 10 mg/kg (p.o.), whereas 30 mg/kg decreased MAP and increased HR. Ten days of BI 685509 at supratherapeutic doses (60 or 100 mg/kg p.o., daily) attenuated MAP and HR responses to a single 100 mg/kg challenge. In the ZSF1 rat model, BI 685509 (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg per day, daily) coadministered with enalapril (3 mg/kg per day) dose-dependently reduced proteinuria and incidence of glomerular sclerosis; MAP was modestly reduced at the higher doses versus enalapril. In the 7-day rat unilateral ureteral obstruction model, BI 685509 dose-dependently reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis (P < 0.05 at 30 mg/kg). In conclusion, BI 685509 is a potent, orally bioavailable sGC activator with clear renal protection and antifibrotic activity in preclinical models of kidney injury and disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: BI 685509 is a novel small soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) molecule activator that exhibits an in vitro profile consistent with that of an sGC activator. BI 685509 reduced proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in the ZSF1 rat, a model of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a rat 7-day unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Thus, BI 685509 is a promising new therapeutic agent and is currently in phase II clinical trials for chronic kidney disease and DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Reinhart
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Paul C Harrison
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Kathleen Lincoln
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Peng Sun
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Jon Hill
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Hu Sheng Qian
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Mark C McHugh
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Holly Clifford
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Khing Jow Ng
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Danielle Fowler
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Kristina Gueneva-Boucheva
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Jehrod B Brenneman
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Todd Bosanac
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Diane Wong
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Ryan M Fryer
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Chris Sarko
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Carine M Boustany-Kari
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Steven S Pullen
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
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15
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Abstract
Resistance arteries and arterioles evolved as specialized blood vessels serving two important functions: (a) regulating peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure and (b) matching oxygen and nutrient delivery to metabolic demands of organs. These functions require control of vessel lumen cross-sectional area (vascular tone) via coordinated vascular cell responses governed by precise spatial-temporal communication between intracellular signaling pathways. Herein, we provide a contemporary overview of the significant roles that redox switches play in calcium signaling for orchestrated endothelial, smooth muscle, and red blood cell control of arterial vascular tone. Three interrelated themes are the focus: (a) smooth muscle to endothelial communication for vasoconstriction, (b) endothelial to smooth muscle cell cross talk for vasodilation, and (c) oxygen and red blood cell interregulation of vascular tone and blood flow. We intend for this thematic framework to highlight gaps in our current knowledge and potentially spark interest for cross-disciplinary studies moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Katona
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Current affiliation: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Microvascular Research, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Sharina I, Martin E. Cellular Factors That Shape the Activity or Function of Nitric Oxide-Stimulated Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase. Cells 2023; 12:471. [PMID: 36766813 PMCID: PMC9914232 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NO-stimulated guanylyl cyclase (SGC) is a hemoprotein that plays key roles in various physiological functions. SGC is a typical enzyme-linked receptor that combines the functions of a sensor for NO gas and cGMP generator. SGC possesses exclusive selectivity for NO and exhibits a very fast binding of NO, which allows it to function as a sensitive NO receptor. This review describes the effect of various cellular factors, such as additional NO, cell thiols, cell-derived small molecules and proteins on the function of SGC as cellular NO receptor. Due to its vital physiological function SGC is an important drug target. An increasing number of synthetic compounds that affect SGC activity via different mechanisms are discovered and brought to clinical trials and clinics. Cellular factors modifying the activity of SGC constitute an opportunity for improving the effectiveness of existing SGC-directed drugs and/or the creation of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, The University of Texas—McGovern Medical School, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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17
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DeMartino AW, Poudel L, Dent MR, Chen X, Xu Q, Gladwin BS, Tejero J, Basu S, Alipour E, Jiang Y, Rose JJ, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB. Thiol catalyzed formation of NO-ferroheme regulates canonical intravascular NO signaling. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2402224. [PMID: 36711928 PMCID: PMC9882697 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2402224/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenously produced physiological signaling molecule that regulates blood flow and platelet activation. However, both the intracellular and intravascular diffusion of NO is severely limited by scavenging reactions with hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other hemoproteins, raising unanswered questions as to how free NO can signal in hemoprotein-rich environments, like blood and cardiomyocytes. We explored the hypothesis that NO could be stabilized as a ferrous heme-nitrosyl complex (Fe 2+ -NO, NO-ferroheme) either in solution within membranes or bound to albumin. Unexpectedly, we observed a rapid reaction of NO with free ferric heme (Fe 3+ ) and a reduced thiol under physiological conditions to yield NO-ferroheme and a thiyl radical. This thiol-catalyzed reductive nitrosylation reaction occurs readily when the hemin is solubilized in lipophilic environments, such as red blood cell membranes, or bound to serum albumin. NO-ferroheme albumin is stable, even in the presence of excess oxyhemoglobin, and potently inhibits platelet activation. NO-ferroheme-albumin administered intravenously to mice dose-dependently vasodilates at low- to mid-nanomolar concentrations. In conclusion, we report the fastest rate of reductive nitrosylation observed to date to generate a NO-ferroheme molecule that resists oxidative inactivation, is soluble in cell membranes, and is transported intravascularly by albumin to promote potent vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W. DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Laxman Poudel
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Matthew R. Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiukai Chen
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Brendan S. Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Swati Basu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Elmira Alipour
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Jason J. Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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18
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Dental Pulp Inflammation Initiates the Occurrence of Mast Cells Expressing the α 1 and β 1 Subunits of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020901. [PMID: 36674416 PMCID: PMC9861465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of nitric oxide (NO) to heme in the β1 subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activates both the heterodimeric α1β1 and α2β1 isoforms of the enzyme, leading to the increased production of cGMP from GTP. In cultured human mast cells, exogenous NO is able to inhibit mast cell degranulation via NO-cGMP signaling. However, under inflammatory oxidative or nitrosative stress, sGC becomes insensitive to NO. The occurrence of mast cells in healthy and inflamed human tissues and the in vivo expression of the α1 and β1 subunits of sGC in human mast cells during inflammation remain largely unresolved and were investigated here. Using peroxidase and double immunohistochemical incubations, no mast cells were found in healthy dental pulp, whereas the inflammation of dental pulp initiated the occurrence of several mast cells expressing the α1 and β1 subunits of sGC. Since inflammation-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+ in the β1 subunit of sGC, leading to the desensitization of sGC to NO, we hypothesize that the NO- and heme-independent pharmacological activation of sGC in mast cells may be considered as a regulatory strategy for mast cell functions in inflamed human dental pulp.
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19
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Shcheblykin DV, Bolgov AA, Pokrovskii MV, Stepenko JV, Tsuverkalova JM, Shcheblykina OV, Golubinskaya PA, Korokina LV. Endothelial dysfunction: developmental mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.80376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Every year the importance of the normal functioning of the endothelial layer of the vascular wall in maintaining the health of the body becomes more and more obvious.
The physiological role of the endothelium: The endothelium is a metabolically active organ actively involved in the regulation of hemostasis, modulation of inflammation, maintenance of hemovascular homeostasis, regulation of angiogenesis, vascular tone, and permeability.
Risk factors for the development of endothelial dysfunction: Currently, insufficient bioavailability of nitric oxide is considered the most significant risk factor for endothelial dysfunction.
Mechanisms of development of endothelial dysfunction: The genesis of endothelial dysfunction is a multifactorial process. Among various complex mechanisms, this review examines oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, vitamin D deficiency, dyslipidemia, excess visceral fat, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, as well as primary genetic defect of endotheliocytes, as the most common causes in the population underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction.
Markers of endothelial dysfunction in various diseases: This article discusses the main biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction currently used, as well as promising biomarkers in the future for laboratory diagnosis of this pathology.
Therapeutic strategies: Therapeutic approaches to the endothelium in order to prevent or reduce a degree of damage to the vascular wall are briefly described.
Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction is a typical pathological process involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Thus, pharmacological agents with endothelioprotective properties can provide more therapeutic benefits than a drug without such an effect.
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20
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Hall R, Yuan S, Wood K, Katona M, Straub AC. Cytochrome b5 reductases: Redox regulators of cell homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102654. [PMID: 36441026 PMCID: PMC9706631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome-b5 reductase (CYB5R) family of flavoproteins is known to regulate reduction-oxidation (redox) balance in cells. The five enzyme members are highly compartmentalized at the subcellular level and function as "redox switches" enabling the reduction of several substrates, such as heme and coenzyme Q. Critical insight into the physiological and pathophysiological significance of CYB5R enzymes has been gleaned from several human genetic variants that cause congenital disease and a broad spectrum of chronic human diseases. Among the CYB5R genetic variants, CYB5R3 is well-characterized and deficiency in expression and activity is associated with type II methemoglobinemia, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Importantly, pharmacological and genetic-based strategies are underway to target CYB5R3 to circumvent disease onset and mitigate severity. Despite our knowledge of CYB5R3 in human health and disease, the other reductases in the CYB5R family have been understudied, providing an opportunity to unravel critical function(s) for these enzymes in physiology and disease. In this review, we aim to provide the broad scientific community an up-to-date overview of the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological roles of CYB5R proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hall
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mate Katona
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Microvascular Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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21
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Degjoni A, Campolo F, Stefanini L, Venneri MA. The NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in platelets: The therapeutic potential of PDE5 inhibitors in platelet disorders. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2465-2474. [PMID: 35950928 PMCID: PMC9805178 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are the "guardians" of the blood circulatory system. At sites of vessel injury, they ensure hemostasis and promote immunity and vessel repair. However, their uncontrolled activation is one of the main drivers of thrombosis. To keep circulating platelets in a quiescent state, the endothelium releases platelet antagonists including nitric oxide (NO) that acts by stimulating the intracellular receptor guanylyl cyclase (GC). The latter produces the second messenger cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) that inhibits platelet activation by stimulating protein kinase G, which phosphorylates hundreds of intracellular targets. Intracellular cGMP pools are tightly regulated by a fine balance between GC and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that are responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is a cGMP-specific PDE, broadly expressed in most tissues in humans and rodents. In clinical practice, PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are used as first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction, pulmonary artery hypertension, and lower urinary tract symptoms. However, several studies have shown that PDE5i may ameliorate the outcome of various other conditions, like heart failure and stroke. Interestingly, NO donors and cGMP analogs increase the capacity of anti-platelet drugs targeting the purinergic receptor type Y, subtype 12 (P2Y12) receptor to block platelet aggregation, and preclinical studies have shown that PDE5i inhibits platelet functions. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of PDE5i on platelet activation and aggregation focusing on the therapeutic potential of PDE5i in platelet disorders, and the outcomes of a combined therapy with PDE5i and NO donors to inhibit platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Degjoni
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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22
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Patel R, Fu Y, Khang S, Benardeau AM, Thomson SC, Vallon V. Responses in Blood Pressure and Kidney Function to Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Stimulation or Activation in Normal and Diabetic Rats. Nephron Clin Pract 2022; 147:281-300. [PMID: 36265461 PMCID: PMC10115913 DOI: 10.1159/000526934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Agonists of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) are being developed as treatment for cardiovascular disease. Most effects of nitric oxide (NO) on glomerular and tubular function are mediated through sGC but whether sGC agonists mimic these effects is unknown. Methods: Renal clearance and micropuncture studies were performed in Wistar-Froemter rats (WF), with or without streptozotocin diabetes (STZ-WF), and in Goto-Kakizaki rats (GK) with mild type-2 diabetes to test for acute effects of the sGC “stimulator” BAY 41-2272, which synergizes with endogenous NO, and the “activator” runcaciguat, which generates cGMP independent of NO. Results: Both sGC agonists reduced arterial blood pressure (MAP). For MAP reductions <10% the drugs increased GFR in WF and STZ-WF but not in GK. Larger MAP reductions outweighed this effect and GFR declined, with better preserved GFR in STZ-WF. Changes in GFR could not be accounted for by changes in RBF, suggesting parallel changes in ultrafiltration pressure and/or ultrafiltration coefficient. The doses chosen for micropuncture in WF and GK reduced MAP by 2–10% and the net effect on single nephron GFR and ultrafiltration pressure was neutral. Effects of the drugs on tubular reabsorption were dominated by declining MAP and no natriuretic effect observed at any dose. Discussion/Conclusion: sGC agonists impact kidney function directly and because they reduce MAP. The direct tendency to increase GFR is most apparent for MAP reductions <10%. The direct effect is otherwise subtle and overridden when MAP declines more. Effects of sGC agonists on tubular reabsorption are dominated by effects on MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Yiling Fu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Ser Khang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Scott C. Thomson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Volker Vallon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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23
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Yu H, Alruwaili N, Kelly MR, Zhang B, Liu A, Wang Y, Sun D, Wolin MS. Endothelin-1 depletion of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein modulates pulmonary artery superoxide and iron metabolism-associated mitochondrial heme biosynthesis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L400-L409. [PMID: 35943724 PMCID: PMC9484992 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00534.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines if heme biosynthesis-associated iron metabolism is regulated in pulmonary arteries by endothelin-1 (ET1) potentially through modulating cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) availability. Our studies in organoid-cultured endothelium-rubbed bovine pulmonary arteries (BPAs) observed COMP depletion by siRNA or hypoxia increases NOX2 and superoxide and depletes mitochondrial SOD2. ET1 also increases superoxide in a manner that potentially impairs mitochondrial heme biosynthesis. In this study, organoid culture of BPA with ET1 (10 nM) increases superoxide in the mitochondrial matrix and extramitochondrial regions associated with COMP depletion, and COMP (0.5 μM) inhibited these superoxide increases. As mitochondrial matrix superoxide could impair heme biosynthesis from protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) by decreasing Fe2+ availability and/or ferrochelatase (FECH), we studied ET1, COMP, and COMP siRNA effects on the expression of FECH, transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1, an indicator of iron availability) and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC, a key heme-dependent protein), and on measurements of PpIX (HPLC) and heme content. ET1 decreased FECH, heme, and sGC, and increased TfR1 and iron. COMP reversed these effects of ET1, and COMP decreased PpIX and increased heme in the absence of ET1. COMP siRNA increased PpIX detection and TfR1 expression and decreased the expression of FECH and sGC. Nitric oxide (spermine NONOate) relaxation of BPA was inhibited by ET1, and this was attenuated by COMP during exposure to ET1. Thus, COMP depletion by ET1 or siRNA modulates pulmonary artery iron metabolism, which results in loss of heme biosynthesis and heme-dependent cGMP mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Norah Alruwaili
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Melissa R Kelly
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Wolin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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24
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Mace EH, Kimlinger MJ, No TJ, Dikalov SI, Hennessy C, Shotwell MS, Billings FT, Lopez MG. SOLUBLE GUANYLYL CYCLASE ACTIVATION RESCUES HYPEROXIA-INDUCED DYSFUNCTION OF VASCULAR RELAXATION. Shock 2022; 58:280-286. [PMID: 36018251 PMCID: PMC9588649 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Perioperative alterations in perfusion lead to ischemia and reperfusion injury, and supplemental oxygen is administered during surgery to limit hypoxic injury but can lead to hyperoxia. We hypothesized that hyperoxia impairs endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation but not the vasodilatory response to heme-independent soluble guanylyl cyclase activation. Methods: We measured the effect of oxygen on vascular reactivity in mouse aortas. Mice were ventilated with 21% (normoxia), 60% (moderate hyperoxia), or 100% (severe hyperoxia) oxygen during 30 minutes of renal ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion. After sacrifice, the thoracic aorta was isolated, and segments mounted on a wire myograph. We measured endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation with escalating concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively, and we measured the response to heme-independent soluble guanylyl cyclase activation with cinaciguat. Vasodilator responses to each agonist were quantified as the maximal theoretical response ( Emax ) and the effective concentration to elicit 50% relaxation (EC 50 ) using a sigmoid model and nonlinear mixed-effects regression. Aortic superoxide was measured with dihydroethidium probe and high-performance liquid chromatography quantification of the specific superoxide product 2-hydroxyethidium. Results: Hyperoxia impaired endothelium-dependent (ACh) and endothelium-independent (SNP) vasodilation compared with normoxia and had no effect on cinaciguat-induced vasodilation. The median ACh Emax was 76.4% (95% confidence interval = 69.6 to 83.3) in the normoxia group, 53.5% (46.7 to 60.3) in the moderate hyperoxia group, and 53.1% (46.3 to 60.0) in the severe hyperoxia group ( P < 0.001, effect across groups), while the ACh EC 50 was not different among groups. The SNP Emax was 133.1% (122.9 to 143.3) in normoxia, 128.3% (118.1 to 138.6) in moderate hyperoxia, and 114.8% (104.6 to 125.0) in severe hyperoxia ( P < 0.001, effect across groups), and the SNP EC 50 was 0.38 log M greater in moderate hyperoxia than in normoxia (95% confidence interval = 0.18 to 0.58, P < 0.001). Cinaciguat Emax and EC 50 were not different among oxygen treatment groups (median range Emax = 78.0% to 79.4% and EC 50 = -18.0 to -18.2 log M across oxygen groups). Aorta 2-hydroxyethidium was 1419 pmol/mg of protein (25th-75th percentile = 1178-1513) in normoxia, 1993 (1831-2473) in moderate hyperoxia, and 2078 (1936-2922) in severe hyperoxia ( P = 0.008, effect across groups). Conclusions: Hyperoxia, compared with normoxia, impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation but not the response to heme-independent soluble guanylyl cyclase activation, and hyperoxia increased vascular superoxide production. Results from this study could have important implications for patients receiving high concentrations of oxygen and at risk for ischemia reperfusion-mediated organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Mace
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Tom J No
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sergey I Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cassandra Hennessy
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew S Shotwell
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Frederic T Billings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marcos G Lopez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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25
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Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Dysfunction in Hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115263. [PMID: 36174768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of essential hypertension involves several factors. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation and structural remodeling, plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of essential hypertension. Although the mechanistic pathways by which essential hypertension develops are poorly understood, several pharmacological classes available on the clinical settings improve blood pressure by interfering in the cardiac output and/or vascular function. This review is divided in two major sections. The first section depicts the major molecular pathways as renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelin, nitric oxide signalling pathway and oxidative stress in the development of vascular dysfunction. The second section describes the role of some pharmacological classes such as i) RAAS inhibitors, ii) dual angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, iii) endothelin-1 receptor antagonists, iv) soluble guanylate cyclase modulators, v) phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and vi) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the context of hypertension. Some classes are already approved in the treatment of hypertension, but others are not yet approved. However, due to their potential benefits these classes were included.
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26
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Jia XY, Liu YM, Wang YF, An JY, Peng KL, Wang H. Bibliometric study of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators in cardiovascular research based on web of science from 1992 to 2021. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963255. [PMID: 36081943 PMCID: PMC9445840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown that soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators have cardiovascular (CV) benefits. However, few bibliometric analyses have examined this field systematically. Our study aimed to examine the publications to determine the trends and hotspots in CV research on sGC stimulators. Methods: Publications on sGC stimulators in CV research were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer and CiteSpace visualization software were used to analyze publication trends, countries (regions) and institutions, journals and cited journals, authors and cited references, as well as keywords. Results: A total of 1,212 literatures were obtained. From its first appearance in 1992–2021 (based on WOSCC record), the overall volume of publications has shown a gradual increasing trend. Nearly one-third were authored by American scholars, and most were published in Circulation, Circulation Research, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Bayer Agency in Germany was the leading driving force, and has a high academic reputation in this field. Stasch JP has published the most related articles and been cited most frequently. Half of the top 10 co-cited references were published in the leading highly co-cited journal Circulation and New England Journal of Medicine. “NO,” “allosteric regulation” and “free radicals” were the focus of previous research, “chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,” “pulmonary hypertension” and “heart failure” were the main research hotspots. The key words “chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,” “Pulmonary hypertension,” “preserved ejection fraction” and “heart failure” appeared most recently as research frontiers. Conclusion: The research in the CV field of sGC stimulators was relatively comprehensive, and there was a close relationship among countries, research institutions and authors, but it is still in the exploratory stage in the treatment of CV disease. At present, most studies focus on the results of clinical trials. sGC stimulators in the treatment of heart failure, especially heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, may be the hotpots and Frontier at present and in the future, and should be closely monitored.
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Guo J, Yu X, Liu Y, Lu L, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang P, Gao Q, Lu X, Sun M. Prenatal hypothyroidism diminished exogenous NO-mediated diastolic effects in fetal rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle via increased oxidative stress. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 113:52-61. [PMID: 35970333 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism is an important problem of modern healthcare and is reported to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the offspring later in life. However, it is unclear whether hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes vascular damage in the fetal period. We established the prenatal hypothyroidism rat model and collected the fetuses at the 21th day of gestation (GD21). Thyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and offspring blood serum were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The thoracic aortas of the fetuses were isolated for microvessel functional testing and histochemical stainings. qPCR and Western blot were performed to access mRNA and protein expression. We found that the concentrations of thyroid hormones in the serum of pregnant rats and fetuses were significantly suppressed at GD21. The responses of the fetal thoracic aortas to SNP were significantly attenuated in the PTU group. However, no statistical difference was found between the two groups when treated with either inhibitor (ODQ) or activator (BAY58-2667) of sGC. The production of O2-• in the arterial wall was significantly increased in hypothyroid fetuses. Moreover, the level of NADPH oxidase (NOX) was increased, while superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) was down-regulated in the PTU group, ultimately contributing to the increased production of superoxide. Additionally, decreased SNP-mediated vasodilation found in fetal vessels was improved by either NOX inhibitor (Apocynin) or SOD mimic (Tempol). These results indicate that increased oxidative stress is probably the cause of the diminished diastolic effect of exogenous NO in the thoracic artery of prenatal hypothyroidism exposed fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China.
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China.
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Inflammation of the Human Dental Pulp Induces Phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr495 in Blood Vessels. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071586. [PMID: 35884891 PMCID: PMC9313222 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells increased with the phosphorylation of the enzyme at Ser1177 and decreased at Thr495. The regulation of the phosphorylation sites of eNOS at Ser1177 and Thr495 in blood vessels of the healthy and inflamed human dental pulp is unknown. To investigate this, healthy and carious human third molars were immersion-fixed and decalcified. The localization of eNOS, Ser1177, and Thr495 in healthy and inflamed blood vessels was examined in consecutive cryo-sections using quantitative immunohistochemical methods. We found that the staining intensity of Ser1177 in healthy blood vessels decreased in inflamed blood vessels, whereas the weak staining intensity of Thr495 in healthy blood vessels strongly increased in inflamed blood vessels. In blood vessels of the healthy pulp, eNOS is active with phosphorylation of the enzyme at Ser1177. The phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr495 in inflamed blood vessels leads to a decrease in eNOS activity, contributing to eNOS uncoupling and giving evidence for a decrease in NO and an increase in O2− production. Since the formation of the tertiary dentin matrix depends on intact pulp circulation, eNOS uncoupling and phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr495 in the inflamed pulp blood vessels should be considered during caries therapy.
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The role of nitric oxide in sepsis-associated kidney injury. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231441. [PMID: 35722824 PMCID: PMC9274646 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), and several mechanisms including microcirculatory alterations, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction are involved. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the common elements to all these mechanisms. Although all three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms are constitutively expressed within the kidneys, they contribute in different ways to nitrergic signaling. While the endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) isoforms are likely to be the main sources of NO under basal conditions and participate in the regulation of renal hemodynamics, the inducible isoform (iNOS) is dramatically increased in conditions such as sepsis. The overexpression of iNOS in the renal cortex causes a shunting of blood to this region, with consequent medullary ischemia in sepsis. Differences in the vascular reactivity among different vascular beds may also help to explain renal failure in this condition. While most of the vessels present vasoplegia and do not respond to vasoconstrictors, renal microcirculation behaves differently from nonrenal vascular beds, displaying similar constrictor responses in control and septic conditions. The selective inhibition of iNOS, without affecting other isoforms, has been described as the ideal scenario. However, iNOS is also constitutively expressed in the kidneys and the NO produced by this isoform is important for immune defense. In this sense, instead of a direct iNOS inhibition, targeting the NO effectors such as guanylate cyclase, potassium channels, peroxynitrite, and S-nitrosothiols, may be a more interesting approach in sepsis-AKI and further investigation is warranted.
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Makrynitsa GI, Argyriou AI, Zompra AA, Salagiannis K, Vazoura V, Papapetropoulos A, Topouzis S, Spyroulias GA. Mapping of the sGC Stimulator BAY 41-2272 Binding Site on H-NOX Domain and Its Regulation by the Redox State of the Heme. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:925457. [PMID: 35784456 PMCID: PMC9247194 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.925457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the main receptor of nitric oxide (NO) and by converting GTP to cGMP regulates numerous biological processes. The β1 subunit of the most abundant, α1β1 heterodimer, harbors an N-terminal domain called H-NOX, responsible for heme and NO binding and thus sGC activation. Dysfunction of the NO/sGC/cGMP axis is causally associated with pathological states such as heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Enhancement of sGC enzymatic function can be effected by a class of drugs called sGC “stimulators,” which depend on reduced heme and synergize with low NO concentrations. Until recently, our knowledge about the binding mode of stimulators relied on low resolution cryo-EM structures of human sGC in complex with known stimulators, while information about the mode of synergy with NO is still limited. Herein, we couple NMR spectroscopy using the H-NOX domain of the Nostoc sp. cyanobacterium with cGMP determinations in aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5) to study the impact of the redox state of the heme on the binding of the sGC stimulator BAY 41-2272 to the Ns H-NOX domain and on the catalytic function of the sGC. BAY 41-2272 binds on the surface of H-NOX with low affinity and this binding is enhanced by low NO concentrations. Subsequent titration of the heme oxidant ODQ, fails to modify the conformation of H-NOX or elicit loss of the heme, despite its oxidation. Treatment of A7r5 cells with ODQ following the addition of BAY 41-2272 and an NO donor can still inhibit cGMP synthesis. Overall, we describe an analysis in real time of the interaction of the sGC stimulator, BAY 41-2272, with the Ns H-NOX, map the amino acids that mediate this interaction and provide evidence to explain the characteristic synergy of BAY 41-2272 with NO. We also propose that ODQ can still oxidize the heme in the H-NOX/NO complex and inhibit sGC activity, even though the heme remains associated with H-NOX. These data provide a more-in-depth understanding of the molecular mode of action of sGC stimulators and can lead to an optimized design and development of novel sGC agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Konstantinos Salagiannis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Vazoura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Topouzis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios A. Spyroulias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- *Correspondence: Georgios A. Spyroulias,
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31
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Tawa M, Okamura T. Factors influencing the soluble guanylate cyclase heme redox state in blood vessels. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 145:107023. [PMID: 35718342 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis, as an acceptor for the biological messenger nitric oxide (NO). However, only reduced sGC (with a ferrous heme) can be activated by NO; oxidized (ferric heme) and apo (absent heme) sGC cannot. In addition, the proportions of reduced, oxidized, and apo sGC change under pathological conditions. Although diseased blood vessels often show decreased NO bioavailability in the vascular wall, a shift of sGC heme redox balance in favor of the oxidized/apo forms can also occur. Therefore, sGC is of growing interest as a drug target for various cardiovascular diseases. Notably, the balance between NO-sensitive reduced sGC and NO-insensitive oxidized/apo sGC in the body is regulated in a reversible manner by various biological molecules and proteins. Many studies have attempted to identify endogenous factors and determinants that influence this redox state. For example, various reactive nitrogen and oxygen species are capable of inducing the oxidation of sGC heme. Conversely, a heme reductase and some antioxidants reduce the ferric heme in sGC to the ferrous state. This review summarizes the factors and mechanisms identified by these studies that operate to regulate the sGC heme redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Tomio Okamura
- Emeritus Professor, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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Jahandideh F, Panahi S, Noble RMN, Gragasin FS, Khadaroo RG, Macala KF, Bourque SL. Characterization of Systemic and Regional Hemodynamics and Vascular Dysfunction in Mice with Fecal Induced Peritonitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020470. [PMID: 35203689 PMCID: PMC8962278 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with circulatory dysfunction contributing to disturbed blood flow and organ injury. Decreased organ perfusion in sepsis is attributed, in part, to the loss of vasoregulatory mechanisms. Identifying which vascular beds are most susceptible to dysfunction is important for monitoring the recovery of organ function and guiding interventions. This study aimed to investigate the development of vascular dysfunction as sepsis progressed to septic shock. Anesthetized C57Bl/6 mice were instrumented with a fiberoptic pressure sensor in the carotid artery for blood pressure measurements. In subgroups of mice, regional blood flow measurements were taken by positioning a perivascular flow probe around either the left carotid, left renal, or superior mesenteric arteries. Hemodynamic parameters and their responsiveness to bolus doses of vasoactive drugs were recorded prior to and continuously after injection of fecal slurry (1.3 mg/g body weight) for 4 h. Fecal slurry-induced peritonitis reduced mean arterial pressure (62.7 ± 2.4 mmHg vs. 37.5 ± 3.2 mmHg in vehicle and septic mice, respectively), impaired cardiac function, and eventually reduced organ blood flow (71.9%, 66.8%, and 65.1% in the superior mesenteric, renal, and carotid arteries, respectively). The mesenteric vasculature exhibited dysregulation before the renal and carotid arteries, and this underlying dysfunction preceded the blood pressure decline and impaired organ blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.J.); (S.P.); (F.S.G.); (K.F.M.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
| | - Sareh Panahi
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.J.); (S.P.); (F.S.G.); (K.F.M.)
| | - Ronan M. N. Noble
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Ferrante S. Gragasin
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.J.); (S.P.); (F.S.G.); (K.F.M.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
| | - Rachel G. Khadaroo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Kimberly F. Macala
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.J.); (S.P.); (F.S.G.); (K.F.M.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada;
| | - Stephane L. Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.J.); (S.P.); (F.S.G.); (K.F.M.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-6000
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Weber RE, Schulze KM, Colburn TD, Horn AG, Hageman KS, Ade CJ, Hall SE, Sandner P, Musch TI, Poole DC. Capillary hemodynamics and contracting skeletal muscle oxygen pressures in male rats with heart failure: Impact of soluble guanylyl cyclase activator. Nitric Oxide 2022; 119:1-8. [PMID: 34871799 PMCID: PMC9469501 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), nitric oxide-soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) pathway dysfunction impairs skeletal muscle arteriolar vasodilation and thus capillary hemodynamics, contributing to impaired oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics. Targeting this pathway with sGC activators offers a new treatment approach to HFrEF. We tested the hypotheses that sGC activator administration would increase the O2 delivery (Q̇O2)-to-V̇O2 ratio in the skeletal muscle interstitial space (PO2is) of HFrEF rats during twitch contractions due, in part, to increases in red blood cell (RBC) flux (fRBC), velocity (VRBC), and capillary hematocrit (Hctcap). HFrEF was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats via myocardial infarction. After 3 weeks, rats were treated with 0.3 mg/kg of the sGC activator BAY 60-2770 (HFrEF + BAY; n = 11) or solvent (HFrEF; n = 9) via gavage b.i.d for 5 days prior to phosphorescence quenching (PO2is, in contracting muscle) and intravital microscopy (resting) measurements in the spinotrapezius muscle. Intravital microscopy revealed higher fRBC (70 ± 9 vs 25 ± 8 RBC/s), VRBC (490 ± 43 vs 226 ± 35 μm/s), Hctcap (16 ± 1 vs 10 ± 1%) and a greater number of capillaries supporting flow (91 ± 3 vs 82 ± 3%) in HFrEF + BAY vs HFrEF (all P < 0.05). Additionally, PO2is was especially higher during 12-34s of contractions in HFrEF + BAY vs HFrEF (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that sGC activators improved resting Q̇O2 via increased fRBC, VRBC, and Hctcap allowing for better Q̇O2-to-V̇O2 matching during the rest-contraction transient, supporting sGC activators as a potential therapeutic to target skeletal muscle vasomotor dysfunction in HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona E Weber
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Kiana M Schulze
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Trenton D Colburn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Andrew G Horn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - K Sue Hageman
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Carl J Ade
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stephanie E Hall
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Cardiology Research, Wuppertal, Germany and Hannover Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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NO rapidly mobilizes cellular heme to trigger assembly of its own receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115774119. [PMID: 35046034 PMCID: PMC8795550 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115774119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) performs many biological functions, but how it operates at the molecular and cellular levels is not fully understood. We discovered that cell NO generation at physiologic levels triggers a rapid redeployment of intracellular heme, an iron-containing cofactor, and we show that this drives the assembly of the natural NO receptor protein, soluble guanylyl cyclase, which is needed for NO to perform its biological signaling functions. Our study uncovers a way that NO can shape biological signaling processes and a way that cells may use NO to control their hemeprotein activities through deployment of the heme cofactor. These concepts broaden our understanding of NO function in biology and medicine. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling in biology relies on its activating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production by the NO receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). sGC must obtain heme and form a heterodimer to become functional, but paradoxically often exists as an immature heme-free form in cells and tissues. Based on our previous finding that NO can drive sGC maturation, we investigated its basis by utilizing a fluorescent sGC construct whose heme level can be monitored in living cells. We found that NO generated at physiologic levels quickly triggered cells to mobilize heme to immature sGC. This occurred when NO was generated within cells or by neighboring cells, began within seconds of NO exposure, and led cells to construct sGC heterodimers and thus increase their active sGC level by several-fold. The NO-triggered heme deployment involved cellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)–heme complexes and required the chaperone hsp90, and the newly formed sGC heterodimers remained functional long after NO generation had ceased. We conclude that NO at physiologic levels triggers assembly of its own receptor by causing a rapid deployment of cellular heme. Redirecting cellular heme in response to NO is a way for cells and tissues to modulate their cGMP signaling and to more generally tune their hemeprotein activities wherever NO biosynthesis takes place.
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Chirkov YY, Nguyen TH, Horowitz JD. Impairment of Anti-Aggregatory Responses to Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031042. [PMID: 35162966 PMCID: PMC8835624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The propensity towards platelet-rich thrombus formation increases substantially during normal ageing, and this trend is mediated by decreases in platelet responsiveness to the anti-aggregatory nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) pathways. The impairment of soluble guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase-based signalling that is associated with oxidative stress represents the major mechanism of this loss of anti-aggregatory reactivity. Platelet desensitization to these autacoids represents an adverse prognostic marker in patients with ischemic heart disease and may contribute to increased thrombo-embolic risk in patients with heart failure. Patients with platelet resistance to PGI2 also are unresponsive to ADP receptor antagonist therapy. Apart from ischemia, diabetes and aortic valve disease are also associated with impaired anti-aggregatory homeostasis. This review examines the association of impaired platelet cyclic nucleotide (i.e., cGMP and cAMP) signalling with the emerging evidence of thromboembolic risk in cardiovascular diseases, and discusses the potential therapeutic strategies targeting this abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John D. Horowitz
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61(08)-8222-7635; Fax: +61(08)-8222-6422
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36
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Durgin BG, Wood KC, Hahn SA, McMahon B, Baust JJ, Straub AC. Smooth muscle cell CYB5R3 preserves cardiac and vascular function under chronic hypoxic stress. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 162:72-80. [PMID: 34536439 PMCID: PMC8766905 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is a major driver of cardiovascular complications, including heart failure. The nitric oxide (NO) - soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) - cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway is integral to vascular tone maintenance. Specifically, NO binds its receptor sGC within vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) in its reduced heme (Fe2+) form to increase intracellular cGMP production, activate protein kinase G (PKG) signaling, and induce vessel relaxation. Under chronic hypoxia, oxidative stress drives oxidation of sGC heme (Fe2+→Fe3+), rendering it NO-insensitive. We previously showed that cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) in SMC is a sGC reductase important for maintaining NO-dependent vasodilation and conferring resilience to systemic hypertension and sickle cell disease-associated pulmonary hypertension. To test whether CYB5R3 may be protective in the context of chronic hypoxia, we subjected SMC-specific CYB5R3 knockout mice (SMC CYB5R3 KO) to 3 weeks hypoxia and assessed vascular and cardiac function using echocardiography, pressure volume loops and wire myography. Hypoxic stress caused 1) biventricular hypertrophy in both WT and SMC CYB5R3 KO, but to a larger degree in KO mice, 2) blunted vasodilation to NO-dependent activation of sGC in coronary and pulmonary arteries of KO mice, and 3) decreased, albeit still normal, cardiac function in KO mice. Overall, these data indicate that SMC CYB5R3 deficiency potentiates bilateral ventricular hypertrophy and blunts NO-dependent vasodilation under chronic hypoxia conditions. This implicates that SMC CYB5R3 KO mice post 3-week hypoxia have early stages of cardiac remodeling and functional changes that could foretell significantly impaired cardiac function with longer exposure to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany G. Durgin
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine C. Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott A. Hahn
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brenda McMahon
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey J. Baust
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam C. Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Center for Microvascular Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Replacement of heme by soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activators abolishes heme-nitric oxide/oxygen (H-NOX) domain structural plasticity. Curr Res Struct Biol 2021; 3:324-336. [PMID: 34901882 PMCID: PMC8640258 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) is a critical endogenous regulator of homeostasis, in major part via the generation of cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) from GTP (guanosine triphosphate) by NO's main physiological receptor, the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). sGC is a heterodimer, composed of an α1 and a β1 subunit, of which the latter contains the heme-nitric oxide/oxygen (H-NOX) domain, responsible for NO recognition, binding and signal initiation. The NO/sGC/cGMP axis is dysfunctional in a variety of diseases, including hypertension and heart failure, especially since oxidative stress results in heme oxidation, sGC unresponsiveness to NO and subsequent degradation. As a central player in this axis, sGC is the focus of intense research efforts aiming to develop therapeutic molecules that enhance its activity. A class of drugs named sGC “activators” aim to replace the oxidized heme of the H-NOX domain, thus stabilizing the enzyme and restoring its activity. Although numerous studies outline the pharmacology and binding behavior of these compounds, the static 3D models available so far do not allow a satisfactory understanding of the structural basis of sGC's activation mechanism by these drugs. Herein, application NMR describes different conformational states during the replacement of the heme by a sGC activators. We show that the two sGC activators (BAY 58-2667 and BAY 60-2770) significantly decrease the conformational plasticity of the recombinant H-NOX protein domain of Nostoc sp. cyanobacterium, rendering it a lot more rigid compared to the heme-occupied H-NOX. NMR methodology also reveals, for the first time, a surprising bi-directional competition between reduced heme and these compounds, pointing to a highly dynamic regulation of the H-NOX domain. This competitive, bi-directional mode of interaction is also confirmed by monitoring cGMP generation in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells by these activators. We show that, surprisingly, heme's redox state impacts differently the bioactivity of these two structurally similar compounds. In all, by NMR-based and functional approaches we contribute unique experimental insight into the dynamic interaction of sGC activators with the H-NOX domain and its dependence on the heme redox status, with the ultimate goal to permit a better design of such therapeutically important molecules. When the heme of Ns H-NOX is replaced by the sGC activators, the protein’s flexibility is significantly reduced. Heme causes the conformational exchange of Ns H-NOX, as many residues around the heme adopt invisible conformation. L-ascorbate prevents the proper action of BAY 58-2667 and BAY 60-2770 from forming a stable complex with the Ns H-NOX. In A7r5 cells, L-ascorbate does not affect cGMP formation induced by BAY 58-2667 and it inhibits the effect of BAY 60-2770. BAY molecules act on the H-NOX or the sGC in a bi-directional way, depending on the redox state of the heme.
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38
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Straub AC, Beuve A. A primer for measuring cGMP signaling and cGMP-mediated vascular relaxation. Nitric Oxide 2021; 117:40-45. [PMID: 34601102 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC, also called GC1) is the main receptor for nitric oxide (NO) that catalyzes the production of the second messenger molecule, 3'5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) leading to vasorelaxation, and inhibition of leukocyte recruitment and platelet aggregation. Enhancing cGMP levels, through sGC agonism or inhibition of cGMP breakdown via phosphodiesterase inhibition, has yielded FDA approval for several cGMP modifier therapies for treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. While basic research continues to improve our understanding of cGMP signaling and as new therapies evolve to elevate cGMP levels, we provide a short methodological primer for measuring cGMP and cGMP-mediated vascular relaxation for investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Microvascular Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Annie Beuve
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., MSBI655, 07103, Newark, NJ, USA.
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39
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Kemp-Harper B. Vasoprotective Actions of Nitroxyl (HNO): A Story of Sibling Rivalry. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S13-S18. [PMID: 34840263 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nitroxyl (HNO), the 1 electron-reduced and protonated form of nitric oxide (NO•), has emerged as a nitrogen oxide with a suite of vasoprotective properties and therapeutic advantages over its redox sibling. Although HNO has garnered much attention due to its cardioprotective actions in heart failure, its ability to modulate vascular function, without the limitations of tolerance development and NO• resistance, is desirable in the treatment of vascular disease. HNO serves as a potent vasodilator and antiaggregatory agent and has an ability to limit vascular inflammation and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, its resistance to scavenging by reactive oxygen species and ability to target distinct vascular signaling pathways (Kv, KATP, and calcitonin gene-related peptide) contribute to its preserved efficacy in hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. In this review, the vasoprotective actions of HNO will be compared with those of NO•, and the therapeutic utility of HNO donors in the treatment of angina, acute cardiovascular emergencies, and chronic vascular disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kemp-Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Dent MR, DeMartino AW, Tejero J, Gladwin MT. Endogenous Hemoprotein-Dependent Signaling Pathways of Nitric Oxide and Nitrite. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15918-15940. [PMID: 34313417 PMCID: PMC9167621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary research at the interface of chemistry, physiology, and biomedicine have uncovered pivotal roles of nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule that regulates vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and other pathways relevant to human health and disease. Heme is central to physiological NO signaling, serving as the active site for canonical NO biosynthesis in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes and as the highly selective NO binding site in the soluble guanylyl cyclase receptor. Outside of the primary NOS-dependent biosynthetic pathway, other hemoproteins, including hemoglobin and myoglobin, generate NO via the reduction of nitrite. This auxiliary hemoprotein reaction unlocks a "second axis" of NO signaling in which nitrite serves as a stable NO reservoir. In this Forum Article, we highlight these NO-dependent physiological pathways and examine complex chemical and biochemical reactions that govern NO and nitrite signaling in vivo. We focus on hemoprotein-dependent reaction pathways that generate and consume NO in the presence of nitrite and consider intermediate nitrogen oxides, including NO2, N2O3, and S-nitrosothiols, that may facilitate nitrite-based signaling in blood vessels and tissues. We also discuss emergent therapeutic strategies that leverage our understanding of these key reaction pathways to target NO signaling and treat a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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41
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Sandner P, Follmann M, Becker-Pelster E, Hahn MG, Meier C, Freitas C, Roessig L, Stasch JP. Soluble GC stimulators and activators: Past, present and future. Br J Pharmacol 2021. [PMID: 34600441 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of soluble GC (sGC) stimulators and sGC activators provided valuable tools to elucidate NO-sGC signalling and opened novel pharmacological opportunities for cardiovascular indications and beyond. The first-in-class sGC stimulator riociguat was approved for pulmonary hypertension in 2013 and vericiguat very recently for heart failure. sGC stimulators enhance sGC activity independent of NO and also act synergistically with endogenous NO. The sGC activators specifically bind to, and activate, the oxidised haem-free form of sGC. Substantial research efforts improved on the first-generation sGC activators such as cinaciguat, culminating in the discovery of runcaciguat, currently in clinical Phase II trials for chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy. Here, we highlight the discovery and development of sGC stimulators and sGC activators, their unique modes of action, their preclinical characteristics and the clinical studies. In the future, we expect to see more sGC agonists in new indications, reflecting their unique therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sandner
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Markus Follmann
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Michael G Hahn
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian Meier
- Pharmaceuticals Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Freitas
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lothar Roessig
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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42
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Gonzaga de França Lopes L, Gouveia Júnior FS, Karine Medeiros Holanda A, Maria Moreira de Carvalho I, Longhinotti E, Paulo TF, Abreu DS, Bernhardt PV, Gilles-Gonzalez MA, Cirino Nogueira Diógenes I, Henrique Silva Sousa E. Bioinorganic systems responsive to the diatomic gases O2, NO, and CO: From biological sensors to therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Liu R, Kang Y, Chen L. Activation mechanism of human soluble guanylate cyclase by stimulators and activators. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5492. [PMID: 34535643 PMCID: PMC8448884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the receptor for nitric oxide (NO) in human. It is an important validated drug target for cardiovascular diseases. sGC can be pharmacologically activated by stimulators and activators. However, the detailed structural mechanisms, through which sGC is recognized and positively modulated by these drugs at high spacial resolution, are poorly understood. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human sGC in complex with NO and sGC stimulators, YC-1 and riociguat, and also in complex with the activator cinaciguat. These structures uncover the molecular details of how stimulators interact with residues from both β H-NOX and CC domains, to stabilize sGC in the extended active conformation. In contrast, cinaciguat occupies the haem pocket in the β H-NOX domain and sGC shows both inactive and active conformations. These structures suggest a converged mechanism of sGC activation by pharmacological compounds. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a validated drug target for cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors report structures of human sGC in complex with NO and sGC stimulators or activator, providing insight into the mechanism of sGC activation by pharmacological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. .,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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44
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Aramide Modupe Dosunmu-Ogunbi A, Galley JC, Yuan S, Schmidt HM, Wood KC, Straub AC. Redox Switches Controlling Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Resistance Vasculature and Implications for Blood Pressure Regulation: Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2020. Hypertension 2021; 78:912-926. [PMID: 34420371 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The arterial resistance vasculature modulates blood pressure and flow to match oxygen delivery to tissue metabolic demand. As such, resistance arteries and arterioles have evolved a series of highly orchestrated cell-cell communication mechanisms between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells to regulate vascular tone. In response to neurohormonal agonists, release of several intracellular molecules, including nitric oxide, evokes changes in vascular tone. We and others have uncovered novel redox switches in the walls of resistance arteries that govern nitric oxide compartmentalization and diffusion. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of redox switches controlling nitric oxide signaling in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, focusing on new mechanistic insights, physiological and pathophysiological implications, and advances in therapeutic strategies for hypertension and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke Aramide Modupe Dosunmu-Ogunbi
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph C Galley
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Heidi M Schmidt
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for Microvascular Research (A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
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45
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Gemfibrozil derivatives as activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase - A structure-activity study. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113729. [PMID: 34365128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that anti-hyperlipidemic drug gemfibrozil acts as NO- and heme-independent activator of NO receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase. A series of new gemfibrozil derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for sGC activation. The structure-activity relationship study identified the positions in gemfibrozil's scaffold that are detrimental for sGC activation and those that are amendable for optimizing modifications. Compared with gemfibrozil, compounds 7c and 15b were more potent activators of cGMP-forming activity of purified sGC and exhibited enhanced relaxation of preconstricted mouse thoracic aorta rings. These studies established the overall framework needed for futher improvement of sGC activators based on gemfibrozil scaffold.
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46
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Tawa M, Nakano K, Yamashita Y, He Q, Masuoka T, Okamura T, Ishibashi T. Alteration of the soluble guanylate cyclase system in coronary arteries of high cholesterol diet-fed rabbits. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00838. [PMID: 34289251 PMCID: PMC8294056 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how atherosclerosis affects the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) system in coronary arteries. Rabbits were fed a normal diet for 12 weeks (N group) or a diet containing high cholesterol (1%) for 4 weeks (S-HC group) and 12 weeks (L-HC group). Cholesterol deposition in the intima of coronary arteries was observed in the S-HC group, but the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque was not observed. In contrast, a major plaque developed in the L-HC group. The relaxant response of isolated coronary arteries to sodium nitroprusside (SNP, nitric oxide donor) was not different between the N and S-HC groups, whereas the response in the L-HC group was markedly attenuated. The relaxation induced by BAY 60-2770 (sGC activator) tended to be augmented in the S-HC group, but it was significantly impaired in the L-HC group compared to that in the N group. sGC β1 immunostaining was equally detected in the medial layer of the arteries among the N, S-HC, and L-HC groups. In addition, a strong staining was observed in the plaque region of the L-HC group. cGMP levels in the arteries stimulated with SNP were identical in the N and S-HC groups and slightly lower in the L-HC group than the other groups. BAY 60-2770-stimulated cGMP formation tended to be increased in the S-HC and L-HC groups. These findings suggest that the sGC system was not normal in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. The redox state of sGC and the distribution pattern are likely to change with the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tawa
- Department of PharmacologyKanazawa Medical UniversityKahokuIshikawaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Pathological and Molecular PharmacologyFaculty of PharmacyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiOsakaJapan
| | - Katsuya Nakano
- Department of PharmacologyKanazawa Medical UniversityKahokuIshikawaJapan
| | - Yuka Yamashita
- Department of PharmacologyKanazawa Medical UniversityKahokuIshikawaJapan
| | - Qiang He
- Department of PharmacologyKanazawa Medical UniversityKahokuIshikawaJapan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of PharmacologyKanazawa Medical UniversityKahokuIshikawaJapan
| | | | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of PharmacologyKanazawa Medical UniversityKahokuIshikawaJapan
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47
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Inserte J, Barrabés JA, Aluja D, Otaegui I, Bañeras J, Castellote L, Sánchez A, Rodríguez-Palomares JF, Pineda V, Miró-Casas E, Milà L, Lidón RM, Sambola A, Valente F, Rafecas A, Ruiz-Meana M, Rodríguez-Sinovas A, Benito B, Buera I, Delgado-Tomás S, Beneítez D, Ferreira-González I. Implications of Iron Deficiency in STEMI Patients and in a Murine Model of Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:567-580. [PMID: 34368505 PMCID: PMC8326269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, iron deficiency is associated with larger infarcts, more extensive microvascular obstruction, and a higher frequency of adverse left ventricular remodeling. An iron-deficient diet reduces the tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion in mice at least in part by interfering with the cardioprotective pathway eNOS/soluble guanylate cyclase/protein kinase G. An iron-deficient diet reduces eNOS activity by increasing oxidative/nitrosative stress and its proteasome-dependent degradation. Not only iron excess but also iron deficiency may have deleterious effects in the context of acute myocardial ischemia.
In patients with a first anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, iron deficiency (ID) was associated with larger infarcts, more extensive microvascular obstruction, and higher frequency of adverse left ventricular remodeling as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. In mice, an ID diet reduced the activity of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase/soluble guanylate cyclase/protein kinase G pathway in association with oxidative/nitrosative stress and increased infarct size after transient coronary occlusion. Iron supplementation or administration of an sGC activator before ischemia prevented the effects of the ID diet in mice. Not only iron excess, but also ID, may have deleterious effects in the setting of ischemia and reperfusion.
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Key Words
- CK-MB, creatine kinase-myocardial band
- CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance
- HSP90, heat-shock protein 90
- ID, iron deficiency
- LV, left ventricular
- MVO, microvascular obstruction
- PKG, protein kinase G
- STEMI, ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction
- STIR, short tau inversion recovery
- VASP, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein
- acute myocardial infarction
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- iron deficiency
- myocardial reperfusion
- sGC, soluble guanylyl cyclase
- soluble guanylate cyclase
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Inserte
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Barrabés
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Aluja
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Imanol Otaegui
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Bañeras
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Castellote
- Department of Biochemistry, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - José F Rodríguez-Palomares
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Pineda
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Miró-Casas
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Milà
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Lidón
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Sambola
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Filipa Valente
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnès Rafecas
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Buera
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Delgado-Tomás
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Beneítez
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut d'Oncologia (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ferreira-González
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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48
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Petraina A, Nogales C, Krahn T, Mucke H, Lüscher TF, Fischmeister R, Kass DA, Burnett JC, Hobbs AJ, Schmidt HHHW. Cyclic GMP modulating drugs in cardiovascular diseases: Mechanism-based network pharmacology. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2085-2102. [PMID: 34270705 PMCID: PMC9302891 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanism-based therapy centred on the molecular understanding of disease-causing pathways in a given patient is still the exception rather than the rule in medicine, even in cardiology. However, recent successful drug developments centred around the second messenger cyclic guanosine-3′-5′-monophosphate (cGMP), which is regulating a number of cardiovascular disease modulating pathways, are about to provide novel targets for such a personalized cardiovascular therapy. Whether cGMP breakdown is inhibited or cGMP synthesis is stimulated via guanylyl cyclases or their upstream regulators in different cardiovascular disease phenotypes, the outcomes seem to be so far uniformly protective. Thus, a network of cGMP-modulating drugs has evolved that act in a mechanism-based, possibly causal manner in a number of cardiac conditions. What remains a challenge is the detection of cGMPopathy endotypes amongst cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Here, we review the growing clinical relevance of cGMP and provide a glimpse into the future on how drugs interfering with this pathway may change how we treat and diagnose cardiovascular diseases altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petraina
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cristian Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Krahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust and Imperial College, London, SW3 6NP, UK.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John C Burnett
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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49
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Bayarri MA, Milara J, Estornut C, Cortijo J. Nitric Oxide System and Bronchial Epithelium: More Than a Barrier. Front Physiol 2021; 12:687381. [PMID: 34276407 PMCID: PMC8279772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.687381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium forms a physical barrier that protects the lung from the entrance of inhaled allergens, irritants, or microorganisms. This epithelial structure is maintained by tight junctions, adherens junctions and desmosomes that prevent the diffusion of soluble mediators or proteins between apical and basolateral cell surfaces. This apical junctional complex also participates in several signaling pathways involved in gene expression, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. In addition, the airway epithelium can produce chemokines and cytokines that trigger the activation of the immune response. Disruption of this complex by some inflammatory, profibrotic, and carcinogens agents can provoke epithelial barrier dysfunction that not only contributes to an increase of viral and bacterial infection, but also alters the normal function of epithelial cells provoking several lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF) or lung cancer, among others. While nitric oxide (NO) molecular pathway has been linked with endothelial function, less is known about the role of the NO system on the bronchial epithelium and airway epithelial cells function in physiological and different pathologic scenarios. Several data indicate that the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is altered in lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis, and cancer among others, and that reactive oxygen species mediate uncoupling NO to promote the increase of peroxynitrite levels, thus inducing bronchial epithelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, iNOS and the intracellular pathway sGC-cGMP-PKG are dysregulated in bronchial epithelial cells from patients with lung inflammation, fibrosis, and malignancies which represents an attractive drug molecular target. In this review we describe in detail current knowledge of the effect of NOS-NO-GC-cGMP-PKG pathway activation and disruption in bronchial epithelial cells barrier integrity and its contribution in different lung diseases, focusing on bronchial epithelial cell permeability, inflammation, transformation, migration, apoptosis/necrosis, and proliferation, as well as the specific NO molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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50
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Lukowski R, Cruz Santos M, Kuret A, Ruth P. cGMP and mitochondrial K + channels-Compartmentalized but closely connected in cardioprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2344-2360. [PMID: 33991427 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3',5'-cGMP pathway triggers cytoprotective responses and improves cardiomyocyte survival during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. These beneficial effects were attributed to NO-sensitive GC induced cGMP production leading to activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI). cGKI in turn phosphorylates many substrates, which eventually facilitate opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP ) and Ca2+ -activated potassium channels of the BK type (mitoBK). Accordingly, agents activating mitoKATP or mitoBK provide protection against I/R-induced damages. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of the infarct-limiting actions exhibited by the GC/cGMP axis and discuss how mitoKATP and mitoBK, which are present at the inner mitochondrial membrane, confer mito- and cytoprotective effects on cardiomyocytes exposed to I/R injury. In view of this, we believe that the functional connection between the cGMP cascade and mitoK+ channels should be exploited further as adjunct to reperfusion therapy in myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Cruz Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna Kuret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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