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Shen M, Li Z, Li H, Yan X, Feng B, Xu L. Association of periodontitis and tooth loss with extent of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1243992. [PMID: 38075042 PMCID: PMC10702216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1243992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The objective was to investigate the association of periodontitis and tooth loss with extent of diabetic coronary atherosclerosis. Materials and methods 272 patients who were hospitalized at Shanghai East hospital and underwent a coronary artery calcium (CAC) CT scan were enrolled in this study. Individuals were grouped based on their CAC scores into a normal-to-mild coronary atherosclerosis (AS) group (0 ≤ score ≤ 100, n=184) and a moderate-to-severe group (score≥101, n=88). Periodontitis parameters and number of missing teeth were evaluated for every patient. The severity of periodontitis was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota was determined using full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Salivary inflammatory factors were tested by ELISA. Results Clinical attachment loss (CAL) (P =0.05) and the number of teeth lost (P = 0.016) were significantly higher in the moderate-to-severe coronary AS group, with these differences being more obvious in younger patients and patients with short-duration diabetes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CAL (OR = 1.231, 95% CI = 1.066-1.214, P = 0.047) and having 10-19 missing teeth (OR = 1.604, 95% CI = 1.393-6.555, P = 0.05) were strongly associated with the presence of moderate-to-severe coronary AS. Salivary IL-6 and TNF-α levels, as well as levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Neisseria mucosa, were significantly elevated in the moderate-to-severe coronary AS group. Conclusion It was found that both tooth loss and CAL were related to the extent of diabetic coronary AS. Saliva inflammatory factors and oral bacteremia may be new biomarkers for moderate-to-severe coronary AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Shen
- Department of Stomatology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Stomatology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pardo A, Signoriello A, Signoretto C, Messina E, Carelli M, Tessari M, De Manna ND, Rossetti C, Albanese M, Lombardo G, Luciani GB. Detection of Periodontal Pathogens in Oral Samples and Cardiac Specimens in Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173874. [PMID: 34501320 PMCID: PMC8432007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This observational study aimed to: (i) assess the presence of periodontal disease among patients requiring aortic valve replacement; (ii) investigate the presence of oral pathogens in aortic valve specimens and compare them with the microorganisms detected in the oral cavity. Twenty-six patients (15 men and 11 women) were scheduled to be visited the day before the cardiac surgery: periodontal conditions were accurately registered through clinical and radiographic examinations; dental plaque or salivary samples were collected. Valve specimens were collected during surgical aortic valve replacement and analyzed for pathogens detection through microbiological 16SrRna gene sequencing. Bacteria found in plaque samples and valve specimens were assessed according to oral and periodontal conditions. A qualitative comparison between oral and cardiac profiles of the microorganisms detected was performed. The overall number of patients examined for soft tissues conditions was 19, as 7 patients were edentulous. Twelve and three individuals, respectively, presented moderate and severe periodontitis. Nine valves were found to be positive for the presence of oral and periodontopathic bacterial DNA. The microbial species found in valve samples of patients with periodontitis suggest that the presence of these microorganisms in valvular tissue seems to be not coincidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pardo
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Annarita Signoriello
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Caterina Signoretto
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Elena Messina
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Carelli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Maddalena Tessari
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.T.); (N.D.D.M.); (C.R.); (G.B.L.)
| | - Nunzio Davide De Manna
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.T.); (N.D.D.M.); (C.R.); (G.B.L.)
| | - Cecilia Rossetti
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.T.); (N.D.D.M.); (C.R.); (G.B.L.)
| | - Massimo Albanese
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Giorgio Lombardo
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0458124867
| | - Giovanni Battista Luciani
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.T.); (N.D.D.M.); (C.R.); (G.B.L.)
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González-Navarro B, Segura-Egea JJ, Estrugo-Devesa A, Pintó-Sala X, Jane-Salas E, Jiménez-Sánchez MC, Cabanillas-Balsera D, López-López J. Relationship between Apical Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Events: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103205. [PMID: 33020413 PMCID: PMC7600401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Both apical periodontitis (AP) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), the main cause of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of AP and the oral inflammatory burden in control subjects and patients suffering cardiovascular events, analyzing the possible association between AP and the oral inflammatory burden with MetS. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 83 patients suffering a cardiovascular event were recruited in the study group (SG), and 48 patients without cardiovascular events were included in the control group (CG). Periapical index (PAI) was used to diagnose AP, and total dental index (TDI) was used to assess the total oral inflammatory burden. Diagnosis of MetS was made by meeting three or more American Heart Association Scientific Statement components. Results: In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the number of teeth with AP (OR = 2.3; 95% C.I. = 1.3–4.3; p = 0.006) and TDI scores (OR = 1.5; 95% C.I. = 1.2–1.9; p = 0.001), significantly correlated with cardiovascular events. MetS was strongly associated (OR = 18.0; 95% C.I. = 6.5–49.7; p = 0000) with cardiovascular events. Higher TDI scores were significantly associated with MetS (OR = 1.3; 95% C.I. = 1.1–1.6; p = 0.003. Neither the number of root-filled teeth (RFT) (OR = 0.9; 95% C.I. = 0.6–1.3; p = 0.61) nor the number of teeth with apical periodontitis (OR = 1.1; 95% C.I. = 0.8–1.7; p = 0.49) were associated with MetS. Conclusions: Apical periodontitis is significantly associated with cardiovascular events. Total oral inflammatory burden assessed by TDI, but not AP alone, is associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz González-Navarro
- Department of Odontostomatolgy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry)—Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-N.); (A.E.-D.); (E.J.-S.)
- Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.C.J.-S.); (D.C.-B.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.S.-E.); (J.L.-L.); Tel.: +34-606457362 (J.L.-L.)
| | - Albert Estrugo-Devesa
- Department of Odontostomatolgy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry)—Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-N.); (A.E.-D.); (E.J.-S.)
- Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó-Sala
- Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Enric Jane-Salas
- Department of Odontostomatolgy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry)—Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-N.); (A.E.-D.); (E.J.-S.)
- Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Jiménez-Sánchez
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.C.J.-S.); (D.C.-B.)
| | - Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.C.J.-S.); (D.C.-B.)
| | - José López-López
- Department of Odontostomatolgy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry)—Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-N.); (A.E.-D.); (E.J.-S.)
- Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Head of the Odontological Hospital University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08970 L’Hospitalet de LLobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.S.-E.); (J.L.-L.); Tel.: +34-606457362 (J.L.-L.)
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Beck JD, Papapanou PN, Philips KH, Offenbacher S. Periodontal Medicine: 100 Years of Progress. J Dent Res 2020; 98:1053-1062. [PMID: 31429666 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519846113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal medicine is a term used to describe how periodontal infection/inflammation may impact extraoral health. Periodontitis has been linked to over 50 systemic diseases and conditions. As part of the Journal of Dental Research's Centennial Celebration, this narrative review discusses periodontal medicine research done over the past 100 y, with particular focus on the effects of periodontal disease on 3 pathological conditions: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We selected 29 total studies that were the "first" of their kind, as they provided novel observations or contributed to shifting paradigms as well as important studies that made strong contributions to progress in understanding relationships to the systemic conditions. These studies were organized in an overview timeline and broken down into timelines by topic: cardiovascular disease (n = 10), diabetes (n = 12), and adverse pregnancy outcomes (n = 7). Overall, the majority of cross-sectional, case-control, and longitudinal studies have revealed positive associations between poor periodontal status and cardiovascular disease, diabetes metabolic control, and a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and these associations are upheld in systematic reviews. Findings from randomized controlled trials testing the effects of periodontal therapy on systemic health outcomes were conflicting and inconsistent. While there has been a great deal of progress, we highlight lessons learned and make comments and suggestions on a number of key aspects, including the heterogeneity of case definitions of periodontal disease across studies, accounting for features of the periodontal phenotype that are most relevant to the biological link between periodontitis and systemic outcomes, the role of other comorbid inflammatory conditions, selection of study participants, and timing and intensity of the periodontal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Beck
- 1 Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P N Papapanou
- 2 Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - K H Philips
- 3 Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Offenbacher
- 1 Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Beck JD, Philips K, Moss K, Sen S, Morelli T, Preisser J, Pankow J. Periodontal disease classifications and incident coronary heart disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1409-1418. [PMID: 32449797 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease has been linked to coronary heart disease (CHD), but studies have been inconclusive. This study investigates the link between periodontal disease and incident CHD. METHODS Baseline periodontal data from a full-mouth periodontal exam (N = 6,300) and CHD outcomes through 2017 were obtained from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Periodontitis was defined by the Periodontal Profile Class System adapted to Stages (PPC stages) and the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) index. Competing risk models were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) for incident CHD, congestive heart failure (CHF), and other causes of death. Secondary analysis included myocardial infarction (MI) and fatal CHD. RESULTS Females comprised 56% of participants and males 44% with a combined mean age of 62.3 years (range: 52 to 74). Participants were followed for an average of 16.7 (SD: 5.5) years. In a fully adjusted model, PPC stage VII (Severe Tooth Loss) was moderately significantly related to incident CHD, (HR 1.51 [1.11 to 2.09]). PPC stage V (Mild Tooth Loss/High Gingival Inflammation) was significant for fatal CHD (HR, 5.27 [1.80 to 15.4]) and PPC stage VII was significant for incident MI (HR, 1.59 [1.13 to 2.23]). The CDC/AAP definition was not significantly associated with incident CHD. CONCLUSIONS Incident CHD was moderately significantly associated with a specific stage of periodontal disease characterized by severe tooth loss, while none of the categories of the CDC/AAP were significantly associated. Thus, while periodontal therapy may improve oral health, it may be effective at impacting CHD incidence in only certain groups of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Beck
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kamaira Philips
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kevin Moss
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Souvik Sen
- Department of Neurology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC
| | - Thiago Morelli
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - John Preisser
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Lee H, Kim HL, Jin KN, Oh S, Han YS, Jung DU, Sim HY, Kim HS, Lim WH, Seo JB, Kim SH, Zo JH, Kim MA. Association between dental health and obstructive coronary artery disease: an observational study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:98. [PMID: 31029089 PMCID: PMC6487007 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between dental health and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to investigate the association between dental health and obstructive CAD using multiple dental indices. Methods Eighty-eight patients (mean age: 65 years, 86% male) were prospectively enrolled before undergoing coronary CT angiography (n = 52) or invasive coronary angiography (n = 36). Obstructive CAD was defined as luminal stenosis of ≥50% for the left main coronary artery or ≥ 70% for the other epicardial coronary arteries. All patients underwent thorough dental examinations to evaluate 7 dental health indices, including the sum of decayed and filled teeth, the ratio of no restoration, the community periodontal index of treatment needs, clinical attachment loss, the total dental index, the panoramic topography index, and number of lost teeth. Results Forty patients (45.4%) had obstructive CAD. Among the 7 dental health indices, only the number of lost teeth was significantly associated with obstructive CAD, with patients who had obstructive CAD having significantly more lost teeth than patients without obstructive CAD (13.08 ± 10.4 vs. 5.44 ± 5.74, p < 0.001). The number of lost teeth was correlated with the number of obstructed coronary arteries (p < 0.001). Multiple binary logistic regression analysis revealed that having ≥10 lost teeth was independently associated with the presence of obstructive CAD (odds ratio: 8.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.80–35.64; p = 0.006). Conclusions Tooth loss was associated with the presence of obstructive CAD in patients undergoing coronary evaluation. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between tooth loss and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lee
- Section of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hack-Lyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Kwang Nam Jin
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Sic Han
- Section of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Un Jung
- Section of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Young Sim
- Section of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Section of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea
| | - Jae-Bin Seo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Zo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea
| | - Myung-A Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea
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Kumari M, Patthi B, Jankiram C, Singla A, Malhi R, Rajeev A. Risk of having myocardial infarction in periodontal disease patients: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_15_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Persic Bukmir R, Vidas J, Mance D, Pezelj‐Ribaric S, Spalj S, Brekalo Prso I. Socio‐economic and health status as a predictor of apical periodontitis in adult patients in Croatia. Oral Dis 2018; 25:300-308. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Persic Bukmir
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia
| | - Jelena Vidas
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia
| | - Diana Mance
- Department of Physics University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia
| | - Sonja Pezelj‐Ribaric
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia
| | - Stjepan Spalj
- Department of Orthodontics, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia
| | - Ivana Brekalo Prso
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia
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Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC, Fouad AF. The Impact of Endodontic Infections on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease(s): A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis Using GRADE. J Endod 2018; 44:1361-1366.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mohamed HI, Latif HH. Improvement of drought tolerance of soybean plants by using methyl jasmonate. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:545-556. [PMID: 28878493 PMCID: PMC5567712 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a naturally occurring plant growth regulator and play vital roles in plant defense and many developmental processes such as root growth and seed germination. This study was undertaken to study the possible role of using methyl jasmonate to alleviate the adverse effect of water stress on soybean genotypes (Giza 22 and 35). The results showed that water stress reduced shoot length, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content and oil content in the shoots of all soybean genotypes. On the other hand, there was a considerable increase in cell wall fractionation, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolic acid and sugar fraction content in the shoots of the soybean genotypes in response to the water stress. Foliar spray with methyl jasmonate increased all the above parameters as compared to stressed plants. The results investigate the important role of MeJA in alleviation of water stress in soybean plants and suggest that MeJA could be used for improving plant growth under water stress as a potential growth regulator. The soybean genotypes Giza 22 was found to be more resistant to water stress than Giza 35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ibrahim Mohamed
- Biological and Geological sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Helmy Latif
- Biological and Geological sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Thanakun S, Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri S, Izumi Y. Increased oral inflammation, leukocytes, and leptin, and lower adiponectin in overweight or obesity. Oral Dis 2017; 23:956-965. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thanakun
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Y Izumi
- Department of Periodontology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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Hujoel P, Drangsholt M, Spiekerman C, DeRouen T. Pre-existing Cardiovascular Disease and Periodontitis: A Follow-up Study. J Dent Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0810186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal infections in individuals with pre-existing heart disease are believed to increase the risk for future coronary heart disease (CHD) events. The goal of this study was to search for an association between periodontitis and CHD events among individuals with pre-existing heart disease, reported in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Dentate adults (n = 636) with a history of pre-existing cardiovascular disease were followed for CHD events. The presence of periodontitis and gingivitis did not increase CHD risk among these at-risk individuals (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97, and 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.31; and HR, 1.09, and 95% CI, 0.79-1.50, respectively). When limited to individuals with a self-reported prior heart attack, periodontitis was associated with a 34% decreased CHD risk (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.42–1.05). It is concluded that periodontitis or gingivitis does not elevate CHD risk among individuals with a prior heart attack or self-reported pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.P. Hujoel
- Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Box
357475,
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health,
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry,
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,
Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195
| | - M. Drangsholt
- Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Box
357475,
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health,
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry,
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,
Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195
| | - C. Spiekerman
- Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Box
357475,
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health,
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry,
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,
Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195
| | - T.A. DeRouen
- Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Box
357475,
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health,
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry,
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,
Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195
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Park SE, Donoff RB, Saldana F. The Impact of Integrating Oral Health Education into a Medical Curriculum. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:61-65. [PMID: 27721313 PMCID: PMC5588329 DOI: 10.1159/000452275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate our pilot program incorporating oral health education into the medical curriculum by evaluating students' perspectives on the oral health curriculum. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two hundred second-year students were asked to fill in a presession survey online regarding their familiarity with basic oral health concepts and their comfort level with performing oral examinations, and a postsession survey on paper that repeated the presession questions and added questions on the effectiveness of the session. RESULTS Of the 200 students, 164 (82%) participated in the surveys. The pre- and postsurvey results showed that the session helped students become more comfortable with performing oral examinations and recognizing risks for periodontal disease, with an increase from 40 (27%) to 119 (82%) and 51 (35%) to 124 (86%), respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, the oral health education session contributed to an increase in student awareness and understanding of oral health. Considering the reported effectiveness of the interactive session on student comfort with performing a basic clinical examination, this model shows promise for further use in other institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang E. Park
- Office of Dental Education, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, MA, USA
- *Sang E. Park, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (USA), E-Mail
| | - R. Bruce Donoff
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Office of the Dean, MA, USA
| | - Fidencio Saldana
- Office of Student Affairs, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Karhunen V, Forss H, Goebeler S, Huhtala H, Ilveskoski E, Kajander O, Mikkelsson J, Penttilä A, Perola M, Ranta H, Meurman JH, Karhunen PJ. Radiographic Assessment of Dental Health in Middle-aged Men Following Sudden Cardiac Death. J Dent Res 2016; 85:89-93. [PMID: 16373688 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor oral health has been suggested to be a risk factor for myocardial infarction. To study if dental pathology might predispose to pre-hospital sudden cardiac death, and using a sum index of panoramic tomography findings, we compared the oral health of middle-aged (33–69 yrs) male victims (Helsinki Sudden Death Study) of sudden cardiac death (n = 117) with that of controls, who died of non-cardiac diseases (n = 63) or suffered unnatural sudden death (n = 120). The mean number of teeth was 15.2, and 17.4% of the men were edentulous. Frequent age-associated findings in dentate victims were fillings (79.9%), horizontal bone loss (72.1%), periapical lesions (45.6%), residual roots (38.2%), and vertical pockets (30.9%). In multivariate analysis with coronary heart disease risk factors and number of teeth as covariates, poor oral health was associated (p = 0.053) with the risk of sudden cardiac death along with age, smoking, and body mass index. This association was especially strong (p = 0.009) among victims < 50 yrs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Karhunen
- Medical School, University of Tampere and Research Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
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16
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Taylor BA, Tofler GH, Carey HMR, Morel-Kopp MC, Philcox S, Carter TR, Elliott MJ, Kull AD, Ward C, Schenck K. Full-mouth Tooth Extraction Lowers Systemic Inflammatory and Thrombotic Markers of Cardiovascular Risk. J Dent Res 2016; 85:74-8. [PMID: 16373685 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies of a link between periodontal and cardiovascular disease have been limited by being predominantly observational. We used a treatment intervention model to study the relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammatory and thrombotic cardiovascular indicators of risk. We studied 67 adults with advanced periodontitis requiring full-mouth tooth extraction. Blood samples were obtained: (1) at initial presentation, immediately prior to treatment of presenting symptoms; (2) one to two weeks later, before all teeth were removed; and (3) 12 weeks after full-mouth tooth extraction. After full-mouth tooth extraction, there was a significant decrease in C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and fibrinogen, and white cell and platelet counts. This study shows that elimination of advanced periodontitis by full-mouth tooth extraction reduces systemic inflammatory and thrombotic markers of cardiovascular risk. Analysis of the data supports the hypothesis that treatment of periodontal disease may lower cardiovascular risk, and provides a rationale for further randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Taylor
- Sydney Dental Hospital, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills NSW 2010, Australia.
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17
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Berlin-Broner Y, Febbraio M, Levin L. Association between apical periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review of the literature. Int Endod J 2016; 50:847-859. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Berlin-Broner
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - M. Febbraio
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - L. Levin
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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18
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Kailembo A, Preet R, Stewart Williams J. Common risk factors and edentulism in adults, aged 50 years and over, in China, Ghana, India and South Africa: results from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:29. [PMID: 27465011 PMCID: PMC4964081 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edentulism (loss of all teeth) is a final marker of disease burden for oral health common among older adults and poorer populations. Yet most evidence is from high-income countries. Oral health has many of the same social and behavioural risk factors as other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which are increasing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries with ageing populations. The "common risk factor approach" (CRFA) for oral health addresses risk factors shared with NCDs within the broader social and economic environment. METHODS The aim is to improve understanding of edentulism prevalence, and association between common risk factors and edentulism in adults aged 50 years and above using nationally representative samples from China (N = 11,692), Ghana (N = 4093), India (N = 6409) and South Africa (N = 2985). The data source is the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1 (2007-2010). Multivariable logistic regression describes association between edentulism and common risk factors reported in the literature. RESULTS Prevalence of edentulism: in China 8.9 %, Ghana 2.9 %, India 15.3 %, and South Africa 8.7 %. Multivariable analysis: in China, rural residents were more likely to be edentulous (OR 1.36; 95 % CI 1.09-1.69) but less likely to be edentulous in Ghana (OR 0.53; 95 % CI 0.31-0.91) and South Africa (OR 0.52; 95 % CI 0.30-0.90). Respondents with university education (OR 0.31; 95 % CI 0.18-0.53) and in the highest wealth quintile (OR 0.68; 95 % CI 0.52-0.90) in China were less likely to be edentulous. In South Africa respondents with secondary education were more likely to be edentulous (OR 2.82; 95 % CI 1.52-5.21) as were those in the highest wealth quintile (OR 2.78; 95 % CI 1.16-6.70). Edentulism was associated with former smokers in China (OR 1.57; 95 % CI 1.10-2.25) non-drinkers in India (OR 1.65; 95 % CI 1.11-2.46), angina in Ghana (OR 2.86; 95 % CI 1.19-6.84) and hypertension in South Africa (OR 2.75; 95 % CI 1.72-4.38). Edentulism was less likely in respondents with adequate nutrition in China (OR 0.68; 95 % CI 0.53-0.87). Adjusting for all other factors, compared with China, respondents in India were 50 % more likely to be edentulous. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening the CRFA should include addressing common determinants of health to reduce health inequalities and improve both oral and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kailembo
- Elite Dental Clinic, 6th Floor, Oasis Office Complex, Plot No. 14/15, Haile Selassie Road, P.O Box 38394, Masaki, Dar es salaam Tanzania
| | - Raman Preet
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Stewart Williams
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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19
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Dietrich T, Sharma P, Walter C, Weston P, Beck J. The epidemiological evidence behind the association between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol 2016; 84:S70-84. [PMID: 23631585 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.134008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological evidence for an association between periodontitis (PD) and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease. METHODS Systematic review of cohort and case-control studies on the association of clinically or radiographically diagnosed PD and ACVD. RESULTS Overall, 12 studies were included in this study (six studies on CHD, three studies on cerebrovascular disease, two studies on both coronary heart and cerebrovascular disease mortality and one study on peripheral arterial disease).All but one study reported positive associations between various periodontal disease measures and the incidence of ACVD, at least in specific subgroups. The association was stronger in younger adults and there was no evidence for an association between PD and incident CHD in subjects older than 65 years. Only one study evaluated the association between PD and secondary cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence for an increased risk of ACVD in patients with PD compared to patients without. However, this may not apply to all groups of the population. There is insufficient evidence for an association between PD and the incidence of secondary cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dietrich
- Department of Oral Surgery, The School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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20
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Dietrich T, Sharma P, Walter C, Weston P, Beck J. The epidemiological evidence behind the association between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 40 Suppl 14:S70-84. [PMID: 23627335 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological evidence for an association between periodontitis (PD) and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease. METHODS Systematic review of cohort and case-control studies on the association of clinically or radiographically diagnosed PD and ACVD. RESULTS Overall, 12 studies were included in this study (six studies on CHD, three studies on cerebrovascular disease, two studies on both coronary heart and cerebrovascular disease mortality and one study on peripheral arterial disease). All but one study reported positive associations between various periodontal disease measures and the incidence of ACVD, at least in specific subgroups. The association was stronger in younger adults and there was no evidence for an association between PD and incident CHD in subjects older than 65 years. Only one study evaluated the association between PD and secondary cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence for an increased risk of ACVD in patients with PD compared to patients without. However, this may not apply to all groups of the population. There is insufficient evidence for an association between PD and the incidence of secondary cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dietrich
- Department of Oral Surgery, The School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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21
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Cotti E, Mercuro G. Apical periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: previous findings and ongoing research. Int Endod J 2015; 48:926-32. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Cotti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics; University of Cagliari; Sardinia Italy
| | - G. Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Sardinia Italy
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22
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Gomes MS, Hugo FN, Hilgert JB, Sant'Ana Filho M, Padilha DMP, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Reynolds MA. Apical periodontitis and incident cardiovascular events in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Int Endod J 2015; 49:334-42. [PMID: 26011008 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether the presence of apical periodontitis (AP), root canal treatment (RCT) and endodontic burden (EB) - as the sum of AP and RCT sites - were associated with long-term risk of incident cardiovascular events (CVE), including cardiovascular-related mortality, using data on participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Ageing (BLSA). METHODOLOGY This retrospective cohort included 278 dentate participants in the BLSA with complete medical and dental examinations. Periodontal disease (PD) and missing teeth were recorded. The total number of AP and RCT sites was determined from panoramic radiographs. EB was calculated as the sum of AP and RCT sites. Oral inflammatory burden (OIB) was calculated combining PD and EB. The main outcome was incident CVE including angina, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular-related death. Participants were monitored for up to 44 years (mean = 17.4± 11.1 years) following dental examination. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated through Poisson regression models, estimating the relationship between AP, RCT, EB, PD, OIB and incident CVE. RESULTS Mean age at baseline was 55.0 ±16.8 years and 51.4% were men. Sixty-two participants (22.3%) developed CVE. Bivariate analysis showed that PD, EB, number of teeth and OIB were associated with incident CVE. Multivariate models, adjusted for socio-demographic and medical variables, showed that age ≥60 years (RR = 3.07, 95% CI =1.68-5.62), hypertension (RR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.16-3.46) and EB ≥3 (RR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.04-3.02) were independently associated with incident CVE. The association between OIB and incident CVE was reduced to nonsignificance after adjustments (RR = 1.97, 95% CI = 0.83-4.70). CONCLUSIONS EB in midlife was an independent predictor of CVE amongst community-dwelling participants in the BLSA. Prospective studies are required to evaluate cardiovascular risk reduction with the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Gomes
- Medical and Dental Center of the Military Police of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F N Hugo
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J B Hilgert
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Sant'Ana Filho
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D M P Padilha
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - E M Simonsick
- National Institute on Aging, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A Reynolds
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Ajami B, Abolfathi G, Mahmoudi E, Mohammadzadeh Z. Evaluation of Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Dental Caries in Children with Heart Diseases. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015; 9:105-8. [PMID: 26236437 PMCID: PMC4517302 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2015.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims . In the presence of certain systemic diseases, oral microflora may aggravate the condition of the disease. Microbial population in the oral cavity especially with heart disease can increase the risk of bacterial endocarditis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of oral Streptococcus mutansand the rate of caries in children suffering from heart disease. Materials and methods. In this cross-sectional research, 66 children with congenital or acquired heart disease and 50 healthy children were selected. Children were orally examined and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was recorded for each subject. Saliva samples were taken from all subjects, and cultured on a special laboratory media and another specific media for S. mutans (sorbitoll +manitol). Bacterial counts were recorded, and for statistical analysis, chi square, Pearson's, and Exact Fisher tests were performed using SPSS 16 software. Results. The rate of S. mutans in children with congenital heart disease was significantly higher than the rates in childrenwith acquired heart disease and healthy control subjects. The mean DMFT in children with acquired heart disease who tookpenicillin as prophylaxis monthly was significantly lower than the other groups. Conclusion . The results revealed lower oral bacteria counts and comparatively lower caries rates in children with heart diseases, probably because of an effect of the regular prophylactic antibiotic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjatolmolook Ajami
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazale Abolfathi
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Eftekhar Mahmoudi
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadzadeh
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Huettig F, Axmann D. Reporting of dental status from full-arch radiographs: Descriptive analysis and methodological aspects. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:552-564. [PMID: 25325067 PMCID: PMC4198409 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i10.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify standards, how entities of dental status are assessed and reported from full-arch radiographs of adults.
METHODS: A PubMed (Medline) search was performed in November 2011. Literature had to report at least one out of four defined entities using radiographs: number of teeth or implants; caries, fillings or restorations; root-canal fillings and apical health; alveolar bone level. Cohorts included to the study had to be of adult age. Methods of radiographic assessment were noted and checked for the later mode of report in text, tables or diagrams. For comparability, the encountered mode of report was operationalized to a logical expression.
RESULTS: Thirty-seven out of 199 articles were evaluated via full-text review. Only one article reported all four entities. Eight articles reported at the maximum 3 comparable entities. However, comparability is impeded because of the usage of absolute or relative frequency, mean or median values as well as grouping. Furthermore the methods of assessment were different or not described sufficiently. Consequently, established sum scores turned out to be highly questionable, too. The amount of missing data within all studies remained unclear. It is even so remissed to mention supernumerary and aplased teeth as well as the count of third molars.
CONCLUSION: Data about dental findings from radiographs is, if at all possible, only comparable with serious limitations. A standardization of both, assessing and reporting entities of dental status from radiographs is missing and has to be established within a report guideline.
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Caplan DJ. Chronic Apical Periodontitis Is More Common in Subjects With Coronary Artery Disease. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2014; 14:149-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Archana V, Ambili R, Nisha KJ, Seba A, Preeja C. Acute-phase reactants in periodontal disease: Current concepts and future implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 6:108-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vilasan Archana
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Ranjith Ambili
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | | | - Abraham Seba
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Chandran Preeja
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Thiruvananthapuram India
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Ramesh A, Soroushian S, Ganguly R. Coincidence of calcified carotid atheromatous plaque, osteoporosis, and periodontal bone loss in dental panoramic radiographs. Imaging Sci Dent 2013; 43:235-43. [PMID: 24380062 PMCID: PMC3873311 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2013.43.4.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed to assess the correlation of calcified carotid atheromatous plaque (CCAP), the mandibular cortical index, and periodontal bone loss in panoramic radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred eighty-five panoramic radiographs with CCAP and 234 without this finding were evaluated by 3 observers for the presence of osseous changes related to osteoporosis and periodontal bone loss. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the two groups for an association of CCAP with the mandibular cortical index and periodontal bone loss, respectively. RESULTS There was a statistically significant coincidence of CCAP and osseous changes related to osteopenia/osteoporosis, with a p-value <0.001. There was no statistically significant coincidence of CCAP and periodontal bone loss. When comparing the 2 groups, "With CCAP" and "Without CCAP", there was a statistically significant association with the mean body mass index (BMI), number of remaining teeth, positive history of diabetes mellitus, and vascular accidents. There was no statistically significant association with gender or a history of smoking. CONCLUSION This study identified a possible concurrence of CCAP and mandibular cortical changes secondary to osteopenia/osteoporosis in panoramic radiographs. This could demonstrate the important role of dental professionals in screening for these systemic conditions, leading to timely and appropriate referrals resulting in early interventions and thus improving overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Ramesh
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Diagnosis and Health Promotion, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheila Soroushian
- Department of Orthodontics, Howard University College of Dentistry, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rumpa Ganguly
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Diagnosis and Health Promotion, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Haikola B, Huumonen S, Sipilä K, Oikarinen K, Remes-Lyly T, Söderholm AL. Radiological signs indicating infection of dental origin in elderly Finns. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:498-507. [PMID: 22746153 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.696692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the prevalence and background factors of signs of infection of dental origin in elderly Finns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Every third birth cohort between 60-78 years of age (n = 1733) in a southern and a northern region in Finland were invited. Altogether, 1069 subjects attended radiographic examination. Of those, 660 were dentate and formed the study sample. In the analysis an index as a sum of points (scale per lesion 0-3, range 0-420) indicating the severity of infection from periapical lesions, furcal lesions, vertical bone pockets, horizontal bone loss and severe dental caries was used. RESULTS The index ranged individually from 0-91. Horizontal bone loss was found in 94%, vertical bone loss in 19%, periapical lesions in 46%, furcal lesions in 19% and carious lesions in 39% of the subjects. Only 3% of the subjects were free of dental infections, while 2% had mild, 17% moderate and 78% severe risk of dentogenic infection. Statistically significant background factors were region, level of education, number of regular drugs in use, drugs reducing salivation, alcohol consumption, cardiovascular disease, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Elderly Finns have high a prevalence of signs of infections of dental origin, which is associated with several socio-demographic and health-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Haikola
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Peters CI, Peters OA. Cone beam computed tomography and other imaging techniques in the determination of periapical healing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Association among Oral Health, Apical Periodontitis, CD14 Polymorphisms, and Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-aged Adults. J Endod 2012; 38:1570-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Stenman U, Wennström A, Ahlqwist M, Bengtsson C, Björkelund C, Lissner L, Hakeberg M. Association between periodontal disease and ischemic heart disease among Swedish women: a cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand 2012; 67:193-9. [PMID: 19301159 DOI: 10.1080/00016350902776716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between chronic periodontitis and ischemic heart disease (IHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-section of women aged 38 to 84 years were examined in 1992-93 (analysis based on n=1056). Medical and dental examinations were included in the analysis specifically with regard to IHD and periodontitis. Other well-known risk factors for IHD were used as covariates in multivariable statistical analysis. RESULTS Among the dentate women in this study (n=847), 74 had IHD and 773 did not. There was no statistically significant difference between numbers of pathological gingival pockets between these groups (58.1% had one or more pathological pockets in the IHD group compared to 57.6% in the non-IHD group). Bivariate analysis of dentate individuals showed significant associations between IHD and number of missing teeth, age, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, life satisfaction, hypertension, and levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. However, in the final multivariable logistic regression model, with the exception of age, only number of teeth (<17 teeth) OR = 2.13 (CI 1.20; 3.77) was found to be significantly associated with IHD. Moreover, edentulous women had an OR of 1.94 (CI 1.05; 3.60) in relation to IHD (age-adjusted model). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, periodontitis did not seem to have a statistically significant relationship with IHD. The number of missing teeth showed a strong association with IHD, and this may act as a proxy variable tapping an array of different risk factors and behaviors.
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Machuca G, Segura-Egea JJ, Jiménez-Beato G, Lacalle JR, Bullón P. Clinical indicators of periodontal disease in patients with coronary heart disease: a 10 years longitudinal study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e569-74. [PMID: 22173486 PMCID: PMC3476017 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is evidence about a possible relationship existing between periodontal diseases and coronary heart disease. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to investigate the changes in periodontal evolution after etiological periodontal treatment, comparing a healthy control group with another having coronary heart disease. STUDY DESIGN The study included initially 55 patients of which 44 finished it. They were placed into two groups: Healthy Control Group (HCG) n =9, and Coronary Heart Disease Group (CHDG) n=35. The gingival level (GL), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured to compare the periodontal status in both groups. The patients were examined and etiological periodontal treatment was performed and they were then examined at the end of 1 and 10 years. STATISTICAL METHOD A one way-ANOVA and a MR-ANOVA were established; significance p<0.05. RESULTS No significant differences between both groups were detected on the first visit (p>0.5). However, at the second visit the CHDG presented a significantly higher PD (p<0.05) and PI (p<0.01). CHDG patients gradually increase PD through time and in comparison to the control group (p<0.041). CHDG patients present a significantly higher CAL loss (p<0.0385) and a significant increase in PI (p<0.0041) at the end of one year, while on the third visit no significant differences were detected in any of these indices. Likewise, a similar fact can be observed on evaluating BOP at the end of ten years causal treatment, a smaller decrease in the cardiac group was observed in regards to the initial values (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with coronary heart disease showed a worse evolution of periodontal indices than healthy ones, when referring to probing depth, plaque index and bleeding on probing index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Machuca
- Department of Special Patients, Faculty of Odontology, University of Seville, Spain.
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Ziebolz D, Priegnitz A, Hasenfuss G, Helms HJ, Hornecker E, Mausberg RF. Oral health status of patients with acute coronary syndrome--a case control study. BMC Oral Health 2012; 12:17. [PMID: 22727119 PMCID: PMC3444382 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-12-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this investigation was to assess the state of oral health of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to compare this with that of a provably healthy control group (H). Methods 33 patients who were receiving treatment as inpatients following acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris took part in the study (ACS-group). A healthy control group (H-group) made up of blood donors, was formed following matching for age, gender, and smoking habit with the study patient group. The dental investigation consisted of the dental status (DMF-T), a plaque-Index (PI), an assessment of gingival inflammation (GI) and periodontal situation (Periodontal Screening Index: PSR®/PSI), and attachment loss (AL). Statistical evaluation: t-test, Mann–Whitney-test and chi- squared test (level of significance p < 0.05). Results The mean DMF-T of the ACS-group (18.7 ± 6.8) and the H-group (19.4 ± 5.1) showed no difference (p = 0.7). Although, in the ACS-group the average loss of teeth (M-T: 8.4 ± 5.2) was higher than in the H-group (M-T: 5.8 ± 6.6) the difference was not significant (p = 0.2). Whereas with the PI no difference between the two groups was found (p = 0.9), the ACS-group showed significantly more signs of inflammation (GI) than the H-group (p = 0.045). In the case of PSR®/PSI, there was no difference between the two groups (p = 0.7). With regard to AL, no difference was revealed between ACS- and H-group (p = 0.2). Conclusion Although, the state of oral health of the ACS-group differed only insignificantly from that of control, patients with ACS showed more signs of gingival inflammation and a higher loss of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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Belstrøm D, Damgaard C, Nielsen CH, Holmstrup P. Does a causal relation between cardiovascular disease and periodontitis exist? Microbes Infect 2012; 14:411-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ashraf J, Hussain Bokhari SA, Manzoor S, Khan AA. Poor oral health and coronary artery disease: a case-control study. J Periodontol 2012; 83:1382-7. [PMID: 22324468 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient research on the relationship of oral health and coronary artery disease (CAD) from developing countries, such as Pakistan. This study observes the status of oral health in the CAD population. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 145 cases and 145 controls. Otherwise healthy patients with CAD (cases) and individuals free from previous/current history of CAD (controls), having ≥14 remaining teeth, were examined for oral health status through missing teeth, plaque index (PI), and community periodontal index (CPI). Student t test, χ2 test, and multivariate regression analysis were applied at significance level of 95% (P ≤ 0.05) to compare study parameters between cases and controls. RESULTS A significant difference between cases and controls was observed in this study sample with respect to missing teeth (P = 0.027) and periodontal parameters of PI and CPI (P < 0.001). Cases were observed with significantly higher scores of PI (2 and 3) and CPI (3 and 4) compared with controls. Prevalence of periodontal parameters was observed to be higher in cases than controls at subgroup-level (sex and age group) analysis. A significant odds ratio (OR), unadjusted, between CAD and periodontal indicators of PI (mild to severe plaque/no plaque: OR = 5.04, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.24 to 11.36) and CPI (healthy/poor periodontal status: OR = 4.59, 95% CI = 1.81 to 11.61) scores was noted; cases were at odds of 1.20 (95% CI = 0.93 to 15.68, P = 0.017) for having poor oral health after adjusting age, sex, and education. CONCLUSION Poor oral health was significantly associated with CAD in this study sample matched for sociodemographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ashraf
- Islam Medical and Dental College, Sialkot, Pakistan
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Southerland JH, Moss K, Taylor GW, Beck JD, Pankow J, Gangula PR, Offenbacher S. Periodontitis and diabetes associations with measures of atherosclerosis and CHD. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:196-201. [PMID: 22440543 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes has been linked with more severe periodontal disease and with coronary heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to determine if periodontal infection was a significant modifier in the risk that diabetes poses for increased carotid artery intimal-medial wall thickness (IMT) and more advanced atheroma lesions as reflected in atherosclerotic plaque calcification measured by acoustic shadowing. METHODS AND RESULTS Comparisons for analyses of cardiovascular outcomes were performed based upon periodontitis and diabetes status. Periodontitis was measured using pocket depth and attachment loss at six sites per tooth. Cross-sectional data on 6048 persons aged 52-74 years were obtained from the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Participants without diabetes (n=5257) were compared to those with diabetes (n=791). Dependent variables were thick IMT (>1 mm), presence of acoustic shadowing, and prevalent CHD. All models were adjusted for the following covariates: gender, age, race/center, LDL and HDL cholesterol, BMI, triglycerides, hypertension, smoking, income and education. For multivariate model building, all non-normally distributed variables were transformed and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between periodontal infection, diabetes, and cardiovascular outcomes. Individuals with diabetes and with severe periodontitis were found to be significantly more likely to have IMT>1 mm [OR=2.2, (1.4-3.5)], acoustic shadowing [OR=2.5, (1.3-4.6)], and CHD [OR=2.6, (1.6-4.2)] compared to those without diabetes or periodontal disease. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that among people with diabetes, periodontal disease may increase the likelihood of subclinical atherosclerotic heart disease and CHD.
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Bokhari SAH, Khan AA, Khalil M, Abubakar MM, Mustahsen-U-Rehaman, Azhar M. Oral health status of CHD and non-CHD adults of Lahore, Pakistan. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15:51-4. [PMID: 21772722 PMCID: PMC3134048 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.82273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on association of oral health and coronary heart diseases (CHD) is mounting in the literature. This study was designed to observe an association between status of oral health and cardiac diseases in Pakistani adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted on CHD and non-CHD adults aged >30 years. Age-gender matched individuals without CHD, fulfilling the inclusion criteria as for CHD patients were selected for comparison. Bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and tooth loss were noted as oral health parameters. RESULTS 45 CHD patients and 35 non-CHD individuals were examined. 53.75% were males and 46.25% females, 37.5% subjects were uneducated, 65% belonged to lower income group, 58.75% subjects were ≥obese and 88.75% were non-smokers. Mean of percent sites of BOP (P =0.007), PPD (P =0.031) and tooth loss (P =0.021) were significantly higher in study group. In stepwise logistic regression analysis, BOP and tooth loss showed a significant positive association with CHD; however, association of PPD was not significant. CONCLUSION Oral health parameters were significantly higher in CHD patients. Bleeding on probing and tooth loss was positively associated with CHD after adjusting for other socio-demographic variables.
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Tiller R, Bengel W, Rinke S, Ziebolz D. Association between carotid area calcifications and periodontal risk: a cross sectional study of panoramic radiographic findings. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2011; 11:67. [PMID: 22070470 PMCID: PMC3224751 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to investigate the extent to which it is possible to diagnose suspected carotid calcification from dental panoramic radiography (PR) and to establish an association to periodontal risk. Methods 824 PRs from one dental practice were investigated. Parameters considered were gender, age, bone loss - age index, tooth loss, periodontal risk and suspected carotid calcification (left, right, both sides). Periodontal risk was classified: low risk (under 4 missing teeth, bone loss - age index under 0.5), moderate risk (5 to 8 missing teeth and/or bone loss - age index 0.5 to 1.0) and high risk (more than 9 missing teeth and or bone loss - age index greater than 1.0). Results Of 824 patients, 349 were male (42.4%) and 475 female (57.6%); the mean age was 48.32 ± 16.52 years. In 9.0% (n = 74) of PRs, suspected carotid calcification was diagnosed (right: 5.5%, left: 2.3%, both sides: 1.2%). The mean tooth loss was 4.16 ± 5.39 teeth. In the case of 282 patients (34.2%), there was a low, in 335 patients (40.7%) a moderate, and in 207 patients (25.1%) a high periodontal risk. There was a significant correlation found between number of cases of suspected carotid calcification and periodontal risk, tooth loss and age (p = 0.0001). However, only age showed a significant association (OR: 4.9; CI: 2.4-9.8; p < 0.0001) in contrast to periodontal risk (OR 1.4; CI: 0.9-2.4). Conclusion PR can provides indication of carotid calcification as a secondary (chance) finding. In addition, periodontal risk may be correlated with positive findings of carotid calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tiller
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
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40
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Prevalenza della malattia parodontale in soggetti con patologie correlate all’aterosclerosi. DENTAL CADMOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cadmos.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aquino ARL, Lima KC, Paiva MS, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF. Molecular survey of atheromatous plaques for the presence of DNA from periodontal bacterial pathogens, archaea and fungi. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:303-9. [PMID: 21261623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic infections, such as periodontitis, have been associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms through which this occurs have yet to be elucidated. This study was carried out to detect periodontopathic bacteria as well as archaea and fungi in atheromatous plaques and search for factors associated with their occurrence in atheromas. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out including 30 patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis in the carotid, coronary or femoral arteries. Plaques were collected during surgery and analysed using PCR to detect Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and members of the Synergistetes group. Samples were also surveyed with universal primers for bacterial, archaeal and fungal DNA. Patients responded to a questionnaire to determine factors associated with PCR results. RESULTS All dentate individuals (66.7%) had periodontal disease, 95% of which was severe and 65% extensive. None of the targeted periodontopathic bacteria was found in the atheromas. No sample yielded positive results for fungal and archaeal DNA. Four samples (13%) were positive for the presence of bacterial DNA. Of these, three participants were dentate (two with severely chronic generalized periodontitis and one with severely chronic localized periodontitis). CONCLUSION This study did not confirm previous findings of periodontal pathogens in atheromas, making it impossible to establish factors associated with their presence in plaques. Presence of bacterial DNA in some samples indicates that periodontal or nonoral bacterial species other than the ones targeted in this study may be involved with some cases of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R L Aquino
- Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Chen H, Zheng P, Zhu H, Zhu J, Zhao L, El Mokhtari NE, Eberhard J, Lins M, Jepsen S. Platelet-activating factor levels of serum and gingival crevicular fluid in nonsmoking patients with periodontitis and/or coronary heart disease. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 14:629-36. [PMID: 19826843 PMCID: PMC3128738 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate systemic and local levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent proinflammatory mediator implicated in cardiovascular pathophysiology in adult nonsmoking patients with periodontitis with or without coronary heart disease (CHD). Eighty-seven volunteers, 25 periodontitis patients, 19 periodontitis with CHD patients, 19 CHD patients, and 24 healthy controls were included, and periodontal conditions were assessed. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and venous blood were collected, and PAF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PAF levels in serum (303.3 ± 204 pg/ml) and in GCF (26.3 ± 6 pg/μl) of the periodontitis group with CHD, the periodontitis group (serum, 302.4 ± 241 pg/ml and GCF, 26.3 ± 8 pg/μl) and the CHD group (serum, 284.7 ± 192 pg/ml and GCF, 20.8 ± 6 pg/μl) were significantly higher than the healthy control group (serum, 65.4 ± 35 pg/ml and GCF, 7.7 ± 3 pg/μl; p < 0.05). In summary, the present study could demonstrate that in patients with periodontitis, the inflammatory mediator PAF is released into serum at least in the same range as for patients with coronary heart disease. However, no additive effects were seen when both conditions were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Zheng
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haihua Zhu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nour Eddine El Mokhtari
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Eberhard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Lins
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr, 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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Stashenko P, Van Dyke T, Tully P, Kent R, Sonis S, Tanner ACR. Inflammation and genetic risk indicators for early periodontitis in adults. J Periodontol 2010; 82:588-96. [PMID: 21054222 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report is a further analysis of a study designed to determine clinical and microbial risk indicators for progressing periodontitis. METHODS One hundred ninety subjects who were periodontally healthy or had early signs of periodontitis (age range: 20 to 40 years) were monitored clinically at 6-month intervals followed by supragingival cleaning. At each visit, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood were collected for determination of interleukin (IL)-1β content (in GCF) and IL-1 genotype (in blood). Interproximal sites with a >1.5-mm increase in clinical attachment over 18 months were considered disease active. Characteristics were compared between active and inactive subjects. RESULTS IL-1β levels in GCF increased with the severity of disease and correlated well with clinical signs of incipient disease. However, the IL-1 genotype did not show any significant associations with disease or the extent of disease. CONCLUSION Indicators of inflammation may be important clinical determinants of future periodontal disease progression, but the IL-1 genotype was not a risk indictor for early (slight) periodontitis as defined in this subject population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Stashenko
- Department of Cytokine Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Calabrese N, Calabrese A, Nibali L, Rosati A, Fiengo S, Di Renzo GC. Is there any association between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 23:1288-93. [DOI: 10.3109/14767051003615467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Raffaelli L, Santangelo R, Falchetti P, Galluccio F, Luciani N, Anselmi A, Nowzari H, Verdugo F, Fadda G, D'Addona A. Examination of periodontal pathogens in stenotic valve specimens and in whole blood samples in patients affected by aortic valve stenosis and chronic periodontitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:561-6. [PMID: 20646351 DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The influence of periodontal pathogens in cardiovascular diseases needs further investigation. Therefore, the aims of this clinical study are: to test the presence of periodontal bacteria DNA in aortic valves and to assess the concomitant presence of the same periodontal bacteria DNA in whole blood samples in patients affected by aortic valve stenosis and chronic periodontitis. Nineteen consecutive patients (12 males and 7 females, age: 49-85 years) were enrolled in this study after having been subjected to a complete periodontal evaluation to confirm the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. All patients were scheduled for aortic valve replacement surgery. After clinical and microbial periodontal examination, the aortic valve tissue specimens were obtained by excision during valve replacement surgery and the patients were subjected to the whole blood sampling before the surgery. The polymerase chain reaction technology was used to detect the putative periodontal pathogens Tannerella forshytia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens and Treponema denticola. Neither the 19 aortic valve specimens nor the blood samples were positive for the genoma of the selected periodontal pathogens. The selected periodontal pathogens did not colonize the aortic valve of patients affected by stenosis and bacterial genoma was not present in whole blood samples. A high blood pressure at the aortic valve may prevent the adhesion and proliferation of bacterial colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Raffaelli
- Unit of Oral Surgery and Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation, Institute of Dental Clinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, University General Hospital A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
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Kebschull M, Demmer RT, Papapanou PN. "Gum bug, leave my heart alone!"--epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence linking periodontal infections and atherosclerosis. J Dent Res 2010; 89:879-902. [PMID: 20639510 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510375281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests that periodontal infections are independently associated with subclinical and clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease. Although the strength of the reported associations is modest, the consistency of the data across diverse populations and a variety of exposure and outcome variables suggests that the findings are not spurious or attributable only to the effects of confounders. Analysis of limited data from interventional studies suggests that periodontal treatment generally results in favorable effects on subclinical markers of atherosclerosis, although such analysis also indicates considerable heterogeneity in responses. Experimental mechanistic in vitro and in vivo studies have established the plausibility of a link between periodontal infections and atherogenesis, and have identified biological pathways by which these effects may be mediated. However, the utilized models are mostly mono-infections of host cells by a limited number of 'model' periodontal pathogens, and therefore may not adequately portray human periodontitis as a polymicrobial, biofilm-mediated disease. Future research must identify in vivo pathways in humans that may (i) lead to periodontitis-induced atherogenesis, or (ii) result in treatment-induced reduction of atherosclerosis risk. Data from these studies will be essential for determining whether periodontal interventions have a role in the primary or secondary prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kebschull
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, 630 W 168th Street, PH-7-E-110, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Dhadse P, Gattani D, Mishra R. The link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease: How far we have come in last two decades ? J Indian Soc Periodontol 2010; 14:148-54. [PMID: 21760667 PMCID: PMC3100856 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.75908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their results are heterogeneous. This review article is designed to update the potential association, that forms the basis of understanding for a (causal) role for PD to cardiovascular events; as reported by various observational (case-control, cohort, cross-sectional) studies, epidemiological and interventional studies, not considering the other number of systemic health outcomes like cerebrovascular disease, pregnancy complications, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus complications, osteoporosis, etc. A brief overview has been included for atherosclerosis (ATH), its pathophysiology and the association of periodontal infections as a risk factor for causing ATH, which seems to be a rational one; as development of ATH involves a chronic low-grade inflammation and moreover, it has long been set up prior to development of ischemic heart disease and thus provides potential contributing mechanisms that ATH may contribute singly or in concert with other risk factors to develop ischemic heart disease. This article goes on to discuss the correlation of evidence that is gathered from many scientific studies showing either strong, modest, weak or even no links along with their critical analyses. Finally, this article summarizes the present status of the links that possibly exist between PD and its role as a risk factor in triggering cardiovascular events, in the fairly long journey for the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Dhadse
- Department of Periodontics, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Dumna Road, Jabalpur - 482002, India
| | - Deepti Gattani
- Department of Periodontics, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Dumna Road, Jabalpur - 482002, India
| | - Rohit Mishra
- Department of Periodontics, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Dumna Road, Jabalpur - 482002, India
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Seppänen L, Rautemaa R, Lindqvist C, Lauhio A. Changing clinical features of odontogenic maxillofacial infections. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 14:459-65. [PMID: 19449042 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenic maxillofacial infections occasionally require hospital care. Our aim was to study whether the number and the clinical features of patients hospitalized due to odontogenic abscesses in a large hospital district in Finland had changed in one decade. A retrospective analysis of two 12-month study cohorts one decade apart from the same population base was conducted. The first cohort comprised 71 patients and the second cohort comprised 101 patients. The incidence of odontogenic infections requiring hospital care increased from 5.3 to 7.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. The need for intensive care increased significantly from 15% to 32%, and the maximal C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in the latter cohort, 127 mg/L, compared to the first cohort, 104 mg/L. The proportion of previously healthy patients decreased significantly from 83% to 65%. Odontogenic maxillofacial infections have become more prevalent and more severe during the decade in our hospital district. An increasing proportion of patients had underlying diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Seppänen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 21 Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Kandelman D, Petersen PE, Ueda H. Oral health, general health, and quality of life in older people. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2009; 28:224-36. [PMID: 19068063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2008.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to review the interrelationship between poor oral health conditions of older people and general health. The impact of poor oral health on quality of life (QOL) is analyzed, and the implications for public health intervention and oral health care are discussed. Findings from the current research may lead to the following conclusions: The available scientific evidence is particularly strong for a direct relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease; the direct relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease is less convincing. General and associated oral health conditions have a direct influence on elder people's QOL and lifestyle. The growing number of elderly people challenges health authorities in most countries. The evidence on oral health-general health relationships is particularly important to WHO in its effort to strengthen integrated oral health promotion and disease prevention around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kandelman
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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Castillo R, Fields A, Qureshi G, Salciccioli L, Kassotis J, Lazar JM. Relationship between Aortic Atherosclerosis and Dental Loss in an Inner-City Population. Angiology 2008; 60:346-50. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319708319783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have suggested an association between atherosclerosis and periodontal disease, both of which are more prevalent in certain minority and economically disadvantaged groups. Few studies have addressed the relationship between cardiovascular disease and dentition among ethnically diverse populations. We studied 131 subjects (60% females, age 59 ± 15 years) who were referred for clinically indicated transesophageal echocardiography. Dental loss was more severe in patients with hypertension ( P < .001), diabetes ( P = .05), coronary artery disease ( P = .04), and calcium channel blocker use ( P = .04). On univariate analysis, maximal aortic intima—media thickness (MAIMT) was significantly correlated with dental loss ( r = .40; P < .001). Age was correlated with MAIMT ( R = .41; P < .001) and with dental loss ( r = .57; P < .001). On multivariate analysis, dental loss ( P = .03) and history of coronary artery disease ( P = .04) were independent predictors of MAIMT ( R 2 = .44). In this inner-city predominantly African American population, atherosclerosis and dental loss are age dependent and are interrelated independent of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Castillo
- Cardiology Division, Brookdale Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Ghazanfar Qureshi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Louis Salciccioli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - John Kassotis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jason M. Lazar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
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