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Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a critical component of lung function in healthy individuals. It functions in part by lowering surface tension in the alveoli, thereby allowing for breathing with minimal effort. The prevailing thinking is that low surface tension is attained by a compression-driven squeeze-out of unsaturated phospholipids during exhalation, forming a film enriched in saturated phospholipids that achieves surface tensions close to zero. A thorough review of past and recent literature suggests that the compression-driven squeeze-out mechanism may be erroneous. Here, we posit that a surfactant film enriched in saturated lipids is formed shortly after birth by an adsorption-driven sorting process and that its composition does not change during normal breathing. We provide biophysical evidence for the rapid formation of an enriched film at high surfactant concentrations, facilitated by adsorption structures containing hydrophobic surfactant proteins. We examine biophysical evidence for and against the compression-driven squeeze-out mechanism and propose a new model for surfactant function. The proposed model is tested against existing physiological and pathophysiological evidence in neonatal and adult lungs, leading to ideas for biophysical research, that should be addressed to establish the physiological relevance of this new perspective on the function of the mighty thin film that surfactant provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Possmayer
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manon, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96826, United States
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Nils O Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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2
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Kunchala SR, van Dijk A, Veldhuizen EJA, Donnellan SC, Haagsman HP, Orgeig S. Avian surfactant protein (SP)-A2 first arose in an early tetrapod before the divergence of amphibians and gradually lost the collagen domain. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104582. [PMID: 36306971 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The air-liquid interface of the mammalian lung is lined with pulmonary surfactants, a mixture of specific proteins and lipids that serve a dual purpose-enabling air-breathing and protection against pathogens. In mammals, surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP -D) are involved in innate defence of the lung. Birds seem to lack the SP-D gene, but possess SP-A2, an additional SP-A-like gene. Here we investigated the evolution of the SP-A and SP-D genes using computational gene prediction, homology, simulation modelling and phylogeny with published avian and other vertebrate genomes. PCR was used to confirm the identity and expression of SP-A analogues in various tissue homogenates of zebra finch and turkey. In silico analysis confirmed the absence of SP-D-like genes in all 47 published avian genomes. Zebra finch and turkey SP-A1 and SP-A2 sequences, confirmed by PCR of lung homogenates, were compared with sequenced and in silico predicted vertebrate homologs to construct a phylogenetic tree. The collagen domain of avian SP-A1, especially that of zebra finch, was dramatically shorter than that of mammalian SP-A. Amphibian and reptilian genomes also contain avian-like SP-A2 protein sequences with a collagen domain. NCBI Gnomon-predicted avian and alligator SP-A2 proteins all lacked the collagen domain completely. Both avian SP-A1 and SP-A2 sequences form separate clades, which are most closely related to their closest relatives, the alligators. The C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of zebra finch SP-A1 was structurally almost identical to that of rat SP-A. In fact, the CRD of SP-A is highly conserved among all the vertebrates. Birds retained a truncated version of mammalian type SP-A1 as well as a non-collagenous C-type lectin, designated SP-A2, while losing the large collagenous SP-D lectin, reflecting their evolutionary trajectory towards a unidirectional respiratory system. In the context of zoonotic infections, how these evolutionary changes affect avian pulmonary surface protection is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Kunchala
- Centre for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- Centre for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA, 5001, Australia.
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3
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Numata M, Voelker DR. Anti-inflammatory and anti-viral actions of anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159139. [PMID: 35240310 PMCID: PMC9050941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Arroyo R, Kingma PS. Surfactant protein D and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a new way to approach an old problem. Respir Res 2021; 22:141. [PMID: 33964929 PMCID: PMC8105703 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collectin protein synthesized by alveolar type II cells in the lungs. SP-D participates in the innate immune defense of the lungs by helping to clear infectious pathogens and modulating the immune response. SP-D has shown an anti-inflammatory role by down-regulating the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in different signaling pathways such as the TLR4, decreasing the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lung, and modulating the oxidative metabolism in the lungs. Recombinant human SP-D (rhSP-D) has been successfully produced mimicking the structure and functions of native SP-D. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments using different animal models have shown that treatment with rhSP-D reduces the lung inflammation originated by different insults, and that rhSP-D could be a potential treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a rare disease for which there is no effective therapy up to date. BPD is a complex disease in preterm infants whose incidence increases with decreasing gestational age at birth. Lung inflammation, which is caused by different prenatal and postnatal factors like infections, lung hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation, among others, is the key player in BPD. Exacerbated inflammation causes lung tissue injury that results in a deficient gas exchange in the lungs of preterm infants and frequently leads to long-term chronic lung dysfunction during childhood and adulthood. In addition, low SP-D levels and activity in the first days of life in preterm infants have been correlated with a worse pulmonary outcome in BPD. Thus, SP-D mediated functions in the innate immune response could be critical aspects of the pathogenesis in BPD and SP-D could inhibit lung tissue injury in this preterm population. Therefore, administration of rhSP-D has been proposed as promising therapy that could prevent BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arroyo
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML7029, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Paul S Kingma
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML7029, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA. .,Airway Therapeutics Inc, Cincinnati, OH, 45249, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Ye JJ, Bian X, Lim J, Medzhitov R. Adiponectin and related C1q/TNF-related proteins bind selectively to anionic phospholipids and sphingolipids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17381-17388. [PMID: 32632018 PMCID: PMC7382265 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922270117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) is an adipokine associated with protection from cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Although its effects are conventionally attributed to binding Adipor1/2 and T-cadherin, its abundance in circulation, role in ceramide metabolism, and homology to C1q suggest an overlooked role as a lipid-binding protein, possibly generalizable to other C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) and C1q family members. To investigate this, adiponectin, representative family members, and variants were expressed in Expi293 cells and tested for binding to lipids in liposomes using density centrifugation. Binding to physiological lipids were also analyzed using gradient ultracentrifugation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and shotgun lipidomics. Interestingly, adiponectin selectively bound several anionic phospholipids and sphingolipids, including phosphatidylserine, ceramide-1-phosphate, glucosylceramide, and sulfatide, via the C1q domain in an oligomerization-dependent fashion. Binding to lipids was observed in liposomes, low-density lipoproteins, cell membranes, and plasma. Other CTRPs and C1q family members (Cbln1, CTRP1, CTRP5, and CTRP13) also bound similar lipids. These findings suggest that adiponectin and CTRPs function not only as hormones, but also as lipid opsonins, as may other C1q family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Ye
- HHMI, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Xin Bian
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jaechul Lim
- HHMI, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- HHMI, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520;
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Dogan P, Ozkan H, Koksal N, Oral HB, Bagci O, Guney Varal I. Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism and its effect on short term outcomes in preterm infants. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2020; 96:520-526. [PMID: 31029683 PMCID: PMC9432184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mannose-binding lectin, which belongs to the collectin family, is an acute-phase reactant that activates the complement system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MBL2 gene polymorphism on short-term outcomes in preterm infants. METHOD Infants of <37 gestational weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit during a two-year period were enrolled in this prospective study. The neonates were categorized into two groups according to their MBL2 genotypes. Normal MBL2 genotype was defined as MBL2 wild-type (AA genotype), whereas mutant MBL2 genotype was defined as MBL2 variant-type (AO/OO genotype). The relationship between MBL2 genotype and short-term morbidity and mortality was evaluated. RESULTS During the two-year study period, 116 preterm infants were enrolled in this study. In MBL2 variant-type, mannose-binding lectin levels were significantly lower and incidences of mannose-binding lectin deficiency (MBL level<700ng/mL) were higher (p<0.001). In this group, the prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome and mortality was significantly higher (p<0.001, p=0.03 respectively). In the MBL2 wild-type group, the prevalence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was higher (p=0.01). Logistic regression analyses revealed that MBL2 variant-type had a significant effect on respiratory distress syndrome development (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-11.9; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS MBL2 variant-type and mannose-binding lectin deficiency are important risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome development in preterm infants. Additionally, there is an association between MBL2 wild-type and NEC. Further studies on this subject are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Dogan
- Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Ozkan
- Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Koksal
- Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Haluk Barbaros Oral
- Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Onur Bagci
- Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ipek Guney Varal
- Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Bursa, Turkey
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Dogan P, Ozkan H, Koksal N, Oral HB, Bagci O, Varal IG. Mannose‐binding lectin gene polymorphism and its effect on short term outcomes in preterm infants. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Yu Z, Liu X, Chen H, Zhu L. Naringenin-Loaded Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Phytosome Dry Powders for Inhaled Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2020; 33:194-204. [PMID: 32176552 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2019.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute lung injury is a severe respiratory disorder characterized by overwhelming lung inflammation. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is the major lipid component of pulmonary surfactant, which here acts as a carrier delivery system for drugs, while also preserving surface tension in the lung. The clinical development of naringenin (NG) is limited by its low solubility and bioavailability. Methods: Novel NG-loaded DPPC phytosomes for dry powder inhalation (NPDPIs) were prepared by solvent evaporation and a freeze-drying method. The particle size, electric potential, in vitro release, and lung deposition were characterized. A rat model of acute lung injury was established and used for pharmacodynamic evaluations. Results: A mixture of NG/DPPC 1:2 (w/w) formed stable phytosomes with the addition of appropriate ethanol. The phytosomes had high complexation efficiency (92.1% ± 1.87%) with NG, a small mean size (150.8 ± 6.9 nm), and a high zeta potential (20.97 ± 0.55 mV). NPDPIs composed of mannitol/DPPC/NG (4:2:1, w/w/w) presented a satisfactory appearance, good fluidity, quick reconstitution to naringenin phytosomes (NGPs), and small (167.2 nm) reconstituted NGPs. The aerodynamic diameter (12.48 μm) and fine particle fraction (23.90%) were suitable for pulmonary delivery by inhalation. The in vivo NPDPIs demonstrated efficacy in a rat model of acute lung injury. NPDPIs significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of P38 in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and suppressed oxidative stress. Surprisingly, the DPPC vehicle exhibited potential effects against acute lung injury by protecting respiratory function. Conclusions: NPDPIs were developed for sustained drug release, promoting pulmonary bioavailability of drug and protecting against acid-induced acute lung injury in rats by pulmonary delivery. NPDPIs are a promising dry powder inhaler for clinical application in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai United Family Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Zhou Y, Ming J, Deng M, Li Y, Li B, Li J, Ma Y, Chen Z, Liu S. Berberine-mediated up-regulation of surfactant protein D facilitates cartilage repair by modulating immune responses via the inhibition of TLR4/NF-ĸB signaling. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104690. [PMID: 32057894 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system drives inflammatory joint damage in osteoarthritis (OA) and regulates cartilage repair. Berberine chloride (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that shows immunomodulatory activity in a variety of cell lines. However, the immunomodulatory mechanisms of BBR in chondrocytes during OA are largely unknown. Herein, we assessed the ability of BBR to mediate chondroprotection through its effects on innate immunity. We found that BBR up-regulated the expression of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in OA cartilage, a key regulator of inflammation and innate immunity both in the airways and extrapulmonary tissues, including joint cartilage. To further explore these findings, we used recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated knockdown of SP-D. Silencing was assessed in rat model of surgically-induced OA in the presence or absence of BBR treatment, 10 weeks post-surgery. We observed a clear improvement in histological scores of BBR-treated animals compared to those treated with BBR and the rAAV-SP-D vector. In addition, animals co-treated with BBR + recombinant human SP-D (rhSP-D) exhibited significantly lower histological scores than those treated with BBR alone. BBR treatment led to significantly reduced immune cell infiltration mediated through TLR4, F4/80, CD68 and CD34, whilst SP-D silencing reversed this improvement. In contrast, rhSP-D treatment enhanced the protective phenotype. We further explored how BBR influences SP-D and other OA-associated genes in vitro. We observed an up-regulation of SP-D and a marked decline in TRAF6, TLR4, MD-2 and MyD88 expression, as well as NF-κB p65 and IκBα phosphorylation in chondrocytes treated with sodium nitroprusside. siRNAs specific for SP-D were able to partially reverse this phenotype, whilst both rhSP-D and the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 enhanced the effects. Together, these results are consistent with a model wherein SP-D has therapeutic potential for OA treatment. Concomitantly, BBR modulates immune responses and decreases cartilage degradation. These findings suggest that BBR achieves this function through releasing SP-D from MD2/SP-D complexes and through the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jianghua Ming
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Bochun Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Acupuncture and Bone Injury, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 430061, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghui Chen
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
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Nalian A, Umstead TM, Yang CH, Silveyra P, Thomas NJ, Floros J, McCormack FX, Chroneos ZC. Structural and Functional Determinants of Rodent and Human Surfactant Protein A: A Synthesis of Binding and Computational Data. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2613. [PMID: 31781112 PMCID: PMC6856657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) provides surfactant stability, first line host defense, and lung homeostasis by binding surfactant phospholipids, pathogens, alveolar macrophages (AMs), and epithelial cells. Non-primates express one SP-A protein whereas humans express two: SP-A1 and SP-A2 with core intra- and inter-species differences in the collagen-like domain. Here, we used macrophages and solid phase binding assays to discern structural correlates of rat (r) and human (h) SP-A function. Binding assays using recombinant rSP-A expressed in insect cells showed that lack of proline hydroxylation, truncations of amino-terminal oligomerization domains, and site-directed serine (S) or alanine (A) mutagenesis of cysteine 6 (C6S), glutamate 195 (E195A), and glutamate 171 (E171A) in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) all impaired SP-A binding. Replacement of arginine 197 with alanine found in hSP-A (R197A), however, restored the binding of hydroxyproline-deficient rSP-A to the SP-A receptor SP-R210 similar to native rat and human SP-A. In silico calculation of Ca++ coordination bond length and solvent accessibility surface area revealed that the “humanized” R197A substitution alters topology and solvent accessibility of the Ca++ coordination residues of the CRD domain. Binding assays in mouse AMs that were exposed to either endogenous SP-A or hSP-A1 (6A2) and hSP-A2 (1A0) isoforms in vivo revealed that mouse SP-A is a functional hybrid of hSP-A1 and hSP-A2 in regulating SP-A receptor occupancy and binding affinity. Binding assays using neonatal and adult human AMs indicates that the interaction of SP-A1 and SP-A2 with AMs is developmentally regulated. Furthermore, our data indicate that the auxiliary ion coordination loop encompassing the conserved E171 residue may comprise a conserved site of interaction with macrophages, and SP-R210 specifically, that merits further investigation to discern conserved and divergent SP-A functions between species. In summary, our findings support the notion that complex structural adaptation of SP-A regulate conserved and species specific AM functions in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nalian
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, United States.,The Center of Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ching-Hui Yang
- The Center of Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Center of Host Defense and Inflammatory Disease Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Francis X McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- The Center of Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States
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11
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Du J, Abdel-Razek O, Shi Q, Hu F, Ding G, Cooney RN, Wang G. Surfactant protein D attenuates acute lung and kidney injuries in pneumonia-induced sepsis through modulating apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15393. [PMID: 30337682 PMCID: PMC6193952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia and sepsis are major risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients with pneumonia and AKI are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) expressed in lung and kidney plays important roles in innate immunity. However, little is known about the role of organ-specific SP-D in the sepsis. The current study uses wild type (WT), SP-D knockout (KO), and humanized SP-D transgenic (hTG, lung-specific SP-D expression) mice to study organ-specific role of SP-D in pneumonia-induced sepsis. Analyses demonstrated differential lung and kidney injury among three-type mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After infection, KO mice showed higher injurious scores in both lung and kidney, and decreased renal function than WT and hTG mice. hTG mice exhibited comparable lung injury but more severe kidney injury compared to WT mice. Increased renal tubular apoptosis, NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokines in the kidney of KO mice were found when compared with WT and hTG mice. Furthermore, in vitro primary proximal tubular epithelial cells from KO mice showed more apoptosis with higher level of activated caspase-3 than those from WT mice after LPS treatment. Collectively, SP-D attenuates AKI in the sepsis by modulating renal apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Osama Abdel-Razek
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Qiao Shi
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Fengqi Hu
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Guohua Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.
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12
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van Eijk M, Rynkiewicz MJ, Khatri K, Leymarie N, Zaia J, White MR, Hartshorn KL, Cafarella TR, van Die I, Hessing M, Seaton BA, Haagsman HP. Lectin-mediated binding and sialoglycans of porcine surfactant protein D synergistically neutralize influenza A virus. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10646-10662. [PMID: 29769321 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical in the early containment of influenza A virus (IAV) infection, and surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays a crucial role in the pulmonary defense against IAV. In pigs, which are important intermediate hosts during the generation of pandemic IAVs, SP-D uses its unique carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) to interact with IAV. An N-linked CRD glycosylation provides interactions with the sialic acid-binding site of IAV, and a tripeptide loop at the lectin-binding site facilitates enhanced interactions with IAV glycans. Here, to investigate both mechanisms of IAV neutralization in greater detail, we produced an N-glycosylated neck-CRD fragment of porcine SP-D (RpNCRD) in HEK293 cells. X-ray crystallography disclosed that the N-glycan did not alter the CRD backbone structure, including the lectin site conformation, but revealed a potential second nonlectin-binding site for glycans. IAV hemagglutination inhibition, IAV aggregation, and neutralization of IAV infection studies showed that RpNCRD, unlike the human analogue RhNCRD, exhibits potent neutralizing activity against pandemic A/Aichi/68 (H3N2), enabled by both porcine-specific structural features of its CRD. MS analysis revealed an N-glycan site-occupancy of >98% at Asn-303 of RpNCRD with complex-type, heterogeneously branched and predominantly α(2,3)-sialylated oligosaccharides. Glycan-binding array data characterized both RpNCRD and RhNCRD as mannose-type lectins. RpNCRD also bound LewisY structures, whereas RhNCRD bound polylactosamine-containing glycans. The presence of the N-glycan in the CRD increases the glycan-binding specificity of RpNCRD. These insights increase our understanding of porcine-specific innate defense against pandemic IAV and may inform the design of recombinant SP-D-based antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin van Eijk
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | | | - Kshitij Khatri
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Nancy Leymarie
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | | | | | | | - Irma van Die
- the Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Martin Hessing
- the U-Protein Express B.V., Life Science Incubator, Utrecht Science Park, Yalelaan 62, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henk P Haagsman
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Abstract
Only a few extracellular soluble proteins are known to modulate apoptosis. We considered that surfactant-associated protein D (SP-D), an innate immune collectin present on many mucosal surfaces, could regulate apoptosis. Although SP-D is known to be important for immune cell homeostasis, whether SP-D affects apoptosis is unknown. In this study we aimed to determine the effects of SP-D on Jurkat T cells and human T cells dying by apoptosis. Here we show that SP-D binds to Jurkat T cells and delays the progression of Fas (CD95)-Fas ligand and TRAIL-TRAIL receptor induced, but not TNF-TNF receptor-mediated apoptosis. SP-D exerts its effects by reducing the activation of initiator caspase-8 and executioner caspase-3. SP-D also delays the surface exposure of phosphatidylserine. The effect of SP-D was ablated by the presence of caspase-8 inhibitor, but not by intrinsic pathway inhibitors. The binding ability of SP-D to dying cells decreases during the early stages of apoptosis, suggesting the release of apoptotic cell surface targets during apoptosis. SP-D also delays FasL-induced death of primary human T cells. SP-D delaying the progression of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis could have important implications in regulating immune cell homeostasis at mucosal surfaces.
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14
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Carignano HA, Roldan DL, Beribe MJ, Raschia MA, Amadio A, Nani JP, Gutierrez G, Alvarez I, Trono K, Poli MA, Miretti MM. Genome-wide scan for commons SNPs affecting bovine leukemia virus infection level in dairy cattle. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:142. [PMID: 29439661 PMCID: PMC5812220 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is omnipresent in dairy herds causing direct economic losses due to trade restrictions and lymphosarcoma-related deaths. Milk production drops and increase in the culling rate are also relevant and usually neglected. The BLV provirus persists throughout a lifetime and an inter-individual variation is observed in the level of infection (LI) in vivo. High LI is strongly correlated with disease progression and BLV transmission among herd mates. In a context of high prevalence, classical control strategies are economically prohibitive. Alternatively, host genomics studies aiming to dissect loci associated with LI are potentially useful tools for genetic selection programs tending to abrogate the viral spreading. The LI was measured through the proviral load (PVL) set-point and white blood cells (WBC) counts. The goals of this work were to gain insight into the contribution of SNPs (bovine 50KSNP panel) on LI variability and to identify genomics regions underlying this trait. RESULTS We quantified anti-p24 response and total leukocytes count in peripheral blood from 1800 cows and used these to select 800 individuals with extreme phenotypes in WBCs and PVL. Two case-control genomic association studies using linear mixed models (LMMs) considering population stratification were performed. The proportion of the variance captured by all QC-passed SNPs represented 0.63 (SE ± 0.14) of the phenotypic variance for PVL and 0.56 (SE ± 0.15) for WBCs. Overall, significant associations (Bonferroni's corrected -log10p > 5.94) were shared for both phenotypes by 24 SNPs within the Bovine MHC. Founder haplotypes were used to measure the linkage disequilibrium (LD) extent (r2 = 0.22 ± 0.27 at inter-SNP distance of 25-50 kb). The SNPs and LD blocks indicated genes potentially associated with LI in infected cows: i.e. relevant immune response related genes (DQA1, DRB3, BOLA-A, LTA, LTB, TNF, IER3, GRP111, CRISP1), several genes involved in cell cytoskeletal reorganization (CD2AP, PKHD1, FLOT1, TUBB5) and modelling of the extracellular matrix (TRAM2, TNXB). Host transcription factors (TFs) were also highlighted (TFAP2D; ABT1, GCM1, PRRC2A). CONCLUSIONS Data obtained represent a step forward to understand the biology of BLV-bovine interaction, and provide genetic information potentially applicable to selective breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A. Carignano
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA). Instituto de Genética, B1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Dana L. Roldan
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA). Instituto de Genética, B1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - María J. Beribe
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino, B2700 Pergamino, Argentina
| | - María A. Raschia
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA). Instituto de Genética, B1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Ariel Amadio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, S2300, Rafaela, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P. Nani
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, S2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Gerónimo Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA). Instituto de Virología, B686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA). Instituto de Virología, B686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Karina Trono
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA). Instituto de Virología, B686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Mario A. Poli
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA). Instituto de Genética, B1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Marcos M. Miretti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Aplicada, Instituto de Biología Subtropical (GIGA - IBS), Universidad Nacional de Misiones, N3300 Posadas, Argentina
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15
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Surfactant Proteins SP-A and SP-D Ameliorate Pneumonia Severity and Intestinal Injury in a Murine Model of Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia. Shock 2018; 46:164-72. [PMID: 26849628 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is an important cause of sepsis which causes gut injury, inflammation, and apoptosis. The surfactant proteins surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) bind bacterial pathogens and facilitate clearance of pathogens, apoptotic bodies, and modulate immune responses. SP-A and SP-D are expressed in both lung and gut epithelia. We hypothesize SP-A and SP-D regulate pneumonia severity and gut injury during pneumonia. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and SP-A and SP-D double knockout (SP-A/D KO) mice were subjected to S. aureus or sham pneumonia. Bronchoalveolar lavage and tissue harvest were performed 24 h later. Pneumonia severity, gut mucosal injury, inflammation, and apoptosis were measured using a combination of histology, immunohistochemistry, cytokine assay, TUNEL assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses. RESULTS Pneumonia increased gut inflammation, apoptosis, and mucosal injury in both groups. Pneumonia histology and bacterial growth in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid demonstrate more severe infection in SP-A/D KO mice compared with WT controls. SP-A/D KO mice with pneumonia also demonstrate more severe histologic gut mucosal injury, increased gut apoptosis, elevated caspase-3 levels, and Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression compared with WT pneumonia mice. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 expression and its nuclear translocation, gut levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β were all increased in SP-A/D KO mice with pneumonia compared with WT controls. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence SP-A and SP-D attenuate S. aureus pneumonia severity resulting in decreased intestinal mucosal injury, apoptosis, and inflammation. Improved pulmonary clearance of S. aureus decreased caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 expressions and decreased activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in intestine represent potential mechanisms for the effects of SP-A and SP-D on gut injury during pneumonia.
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16
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Christensen AF, Sorensen GL, Junker K, Revald PH, Varnum C, Sorensen FB, Junker P. Localization of surfactant protein-D in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. APMIS 2017; 126:9-13. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Kirsten Junker
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | | | - Claus Varnum
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Lillebaelt Hospital; Vejle Denmark
| | | | - Peter Junker
- Department of Rheumatology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
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17
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Collectins in urinary tract and kidney diseases. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:695-703. [PMID: 29071557 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system serves as the frontline defense against invading pathogens and initiates an inflammatory response to microorganisms. Collectins are C-type lectins that are structurally characterized by a collagen-like sequence and a carbohydrate recognition domain. Moreover, they are widely expressed throughout the body and are involved in the innate immunity against a variety of pathogens, regulating inflammation, and protecting the lungs from pathogens. Recently, two classical collectins, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D), as well as novel collectin 11, were found present in urinary tract tissues. They are increasingly recognized as key players in activating the humoral arm of innate immunity and host defense in urinary tract and kidney diseases, although their biological features, functions, and mechanisms in this regard remain largely unclear. In this review, we aim to integrate results reported by ourselves and others to summarize and gain a better understanding of the functions of collectins (SP-A, SP-D, and collectin 11) in urinary tract and kidney diseases.
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18
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Rynkiewicz MJ, Wu H, Cafarella TR, Nikolaidis NM, Head JF, Seaton BA, McCormack FX. Differential Ligand Binding Specificities of the Pulmonary Collectins Are Determined by the Conformational Freedom of a Surface Loop. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4095-4105. [PMID: 28719181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung surfactant proteins (SPs) play critical roles in surfactant function and innate immunity. SP-A and SP-D, members of the collectin family of C-type lectins, exhibit distinct ligand specificities, effects on surfactant structure, and host defense functions despite extensive structural homology. SP-A binds to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major surfactant lipid component, but not phosphatidylinositol (PI), whereas SP-D shows the opposite preference. Additionally, SP-A and SP-D recognize widely divergent pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Previous studies suggested that a ligand-induced surface loop conformational change unique to SP-A contributes to lipid binding affinity. To test this hypothesis and define the structural features of SP-A and SP-D that determine their ligand binding specificities, a structure-guided approach was used to introduce key features of SP-D into SP-A. A quadruple mutant (E171D/P175E/R197N/K203D) that introduced an SP-D-like loop-stabilizing calcium binding site into the carbohydrate recognition domain was found to interconvert SP-A ligand binding preferences to an SP-D phenotype, exchanging DPPC for PI specificity, and resulting in the loss of lipid A binding and the acquisition of more avid mannan binding properties. Mutants with constituent single or triple mutations showed alterations in their lipid and sugar binding properties that were intermediate between those of SP-A and SP-D. Structures of mutant complexes with inositol or methyl-mannose revealed an attenuation of the ligand-induced conformational change relative to wild-type SP-A. These studies suggest that flexibility in a key surface loop supports the distinctive lipid binding functions of SP-A, thus contributing to its multiple functions in surfactant structure and regulation, and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Huixing Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Tanya R Cafarella
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Nikolaos M Nikolaidis
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - James F Head
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Barbara A Seaton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Francis X McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
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19
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C-type lectin receptors in tuberculosis: what we know. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 205:513-535. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Goh BC, Wu H, Rynkiewicz MJ, Schulten K, Seaton BA, McCormack FX. Elucidation of Lipid Binding Sites on Lung Surfactant Protein A Using X-ray Crystallography, Mutagenesis, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Biochemistry 2016; 55:3692-701. [PMID: 27324153 PMCID: PMC5663190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a collagenous C-type lectin (collectin) that is critical for pulmonary defense against inhaled microorganisms. Bifunctional avidity of SP-A for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipid A and for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major component of surfactant membranes lining the air-liquid interface of the lung, ensures that the protein is poised for first-line interactions with inhaled pathogens. To improve our understanding of the motifs that are required for interactions with microbes and surfactant structures, we explored the role of the tyrosine-rich binding surface on the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A in the interaction with DPPC and lipid A using crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics simulations. Critical binding features for DPPC binding include a three-walled tyrosine cage that binds the choline headgroup through cation-π interactions and a positively charged cluster that binds the phosphoryl group. This basic cluster is also critical for binding of lipid A, a bacterial PAMP and target for SP-A. Molecular dynamics simulations further predict that SP-A binds lipid A more tightly than DPPC. These results suggest that the differential binding properties of SP-A favor transfer of the protein from surfactant DPPC to pathogen membranes containing appropriate lipid PAMPs to effect key host defense functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chong Goh
- Beckman Institute and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - Huixing Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Michael J. Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Klaus Schulten
- Beckman Institute and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Francis X. McCormack, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, MSB 6165, 231 Albert Sabin Way, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267-0564; Telephone: 513-484-5697, Fax: 513-558-4858, , and Dr. Klaus Schulten, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews, Urbana IL 61801; Telephone: 217-244-1604, Fax: 217-244-6078,
| | - Barbara A. Seaton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Francis X. McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Francis X. McCormack, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, MSB 6165, 231 Albert Sabin Way, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267-0564; Telephone: 513-484-5697, Fax: 513-558-4858, , and Dr. Klaus Schulten, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews, Urbana IL 61801; Telephone: 217-244-1604, Fax: 217-244-6078,
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21
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Kalograiaki I, Euba B, Proverbio D, Campanero-Rhodes MA, Aastrup T, Garmendia J, Solís D. Combined Bacteria Microarray and Quartz Crystal Microbalance Approach for Exploring Glycosignatures of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Recognition by Host Lectins. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5950-7. [PMID: 27176788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of bacterial surface epitopes by host receptors plays an important role in the infectious process and is intimately associated with bacterial virulence. Delineation of bacteria-host interactions commonly relies on the detection of binding events between purified bacteria- and host-target molecules. In this work, we describe a combined microarray and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) approach for the analysis of carbohydrate-mediated interactions directly on the bacterial surface, thus preserving the native environment of the bacterial targets. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) was selected as a model pathogenic species not displaying a polysaccharide capsule or O-antigen-containing lipopolysaccharide, a trait commonly found in several important respiratory pathogens. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of NTHi microarrays for exploring the presence of carbohydrate structures on the bacterial surface. Furthermore, the microarray approach is shown to be efficient for detecting strain-selective binding of three innate immune lectins, namely, surfactant protein D, human galectin-8, and Siglec-14, to different NTHi clinical isolates. In parallel, QCM bacteria-chips were developed for the analysis of lectin-binding kinetics and affinity. This novel QCM approach involves capture of NTHi on lectin-derivatized chips followed by formaldehyde fixation, rendering the bacteria an integrated part of the sensor chip, and subsequent binding assays with label-free lectins. The binding parameters obtained for selected NTHi-lectin pairs provide further insights into the interactions occurring at the bacterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kalograiaki
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC , Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Euba
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Agrobiotecnología , CSIC-UPNa-Gobierno Navarra, Avda Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | | | - María A Campanero-Rhodes
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC , Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Junkal Garmendia
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Agrobiotecnología , CSIC-UPNa-Gobierno Navarra, Avda Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Dolores Solís
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC , Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Kopincova J, Calkovska A. Meconium-induced inflammation and surfactant inactivation: specifics of molecular mechanisms. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:514-21. [PMID: 26679157 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome in light of meconium-induced inflammation and inflammatory surfactant inactivation, related to both endogenous and therapeutic exogenous surfactant. The wide effect of meconium on surfactant properties is divided into three points. Direct effect of meconium on surfactant properties refers mainly to fragmentation of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and other surfactant phospholipids together with cleavage of surfactant proteins. Initiation of inflammatory response due to activation of receptors by yet unspecified compounds involves complement and Toll-like receptor activation. A possible role of lung collectins, surfactant proteins A and D, which can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions, is discussed. Initiation of inflammatory response by specified compounds in meconium reflects inflammatory functioning of cytokines, bile acids, and phospholipases contained in meconium. Unifying sketch of many interconnections in all these actions aims at providing integrated picture of inflammatory surfactant inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kopincova
- Department of Physiology and Martin Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Calkovska
- Department of Physiology and Martin Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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23
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Shaw CA, Mortimer GM, Deng ZJ, Carter ES, Connell SP, Miller MR, Duffin R, Newby DE, Hadoke PWF, Minchin RF. Protein corona formation in bronchoalveolar fluid enhances diesel exhaust nanoparticle uptake and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:981-91. [PMID: 27027807 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2016.1155672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In biological fluids nanoparticles bind a range of molecules, particularly proteins, on their surface. The resulting protein corona influences biological activity and fate of nanoparticle in vivo. Corona composition is often determined by the biological milieu encountered at the entry portal into the body, and, can therefore, depend on the route of exposure to the nanoparticle. For environmental nanoparticles where exposure is by inhalation, this will be lung lining fluid. This study examined plasma and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) protein binding to engineered and environmental nanoparticles. We hypothesized that protein corona on nanoparticles would influence nanoparticle uptake and subsequent pro-inflammatory biological response in macrophages. All nanoparticles bound plasma and BALF proteins, but the profile of bound proteins varied between nanoparticles. Focusing on diesel exhaust nanoparticles (DENP), we identified proteins bound from plasma to include fibrinogen, and those bound from BALF to include albumin and surfactant proteins A and D. The presence on DENP of a plasma-derived corona or one of purified fibrinogen failed to evoke an inflammatory response in macrophages. However, coronae formed in BALF increased DENP uptake into macrophages two fold, and increased nanoparticulate carbon black (NanoCB) uptake fivefold. Furthermore, a BALF-derived corona increased IL-8 release from macrophages in response to DENP from 1720 ± 850 pg/mL to 5560 ± 1380 pg/mL (p = 0.014). These results demonstrate that the unique protein corona formed on nanoparticles plays an important role in determining biological reactivity and fate of nanoparticle in vivo. Importantly, these findings have implications for the mechanism of detrimental properties of environmental nanoparticles since the principle route of exposure to such particles is via the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Shaw
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Gysell M Mortimer
- b Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Zhou J Deng
- b Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Edwin S Carter
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Shea P Connell
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Mark R Miller
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Rodger Duffin
- c MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - David E Newby
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- b Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
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Youngren-Ortiz SR, Gandhi NS, España-Serrano L, Chougule MB. Aerosol Delivery of siRNA to the Lungs. Part 1: Rationale for Gene Delivery Systems. KONA : POWDER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN JAPAN 2016; 33:63-85. [PMID: 27081214 PMCID: PMC4829385 DOI: 10.14356/kona.2016014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the pulmonary route of administration, aerosol delivery devices, characterization of pulmonary drug delivery systems, and discusses the rationale for inhaled delivery of siRNA. Diseases with known protein malfunctions may be mitigated through the use of siRNA therapeutics. The inhalation route of administration provides local delivery of siRNA therapeutics for the treatment of various pulmonary diseases, however barriers to pulmonary delivery and intracellular delivery of siRNA exists. siRNA loaded nanocarriers can be used to overcome the barriers associated with the pulmonary route, such as anatomical barriers, mucociliary clearance, and alveolar macrophage clearance. Apart from naked siRNA aerosol delivery, previously studied siRNA carrier systems comprise of lipidic, polymeric, peptide, or inorganic origin. Such siRNA delivery systems formulated as aerosols can be successfully delivered via an inhaler or nebulizer to the pulmonary region. Preclinical animal investigations of inhaled siRNA therapeutics rely on intratracheal and intranasal siRNA and siRNA nanocarrier delivery. Aerosolized siRNA delivery systems may be characterized using in vitro techniques, such as dissolution test, inertial cascade impaction, delivered dose uniformity assay, laser diffraction, and laser Doppler velocimetry. The ex vivo techniques used to characterize pulmonary administered formulations include the isolated perfused lung model. In vivo techniques like gamma scintigraphy, 3D SPECT, PET, MRI, fluorescence imaging and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analysis may be used for evaluation of aerosolized siRNA delivery systems. The use of inhalable siRNA delivery systems encounters barriers to their delivery, however overcoming the barriers while formulating a safe and effective delivery system will offer unique advances to the field of inhaled medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne R. Youngren-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Nishant S. Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Laura España-Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Mahavir B. Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
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Innate Immune Molecule Surfactant Protein D Attenuates Sepsis-induced Acute Pancreatic Injury through Modulating Apoptosis and NF-κB-mediated Inflammation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17798. [PMID: 26634656 PMCID: PMC4669466 DOI: 10.1038/srep17798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis causes multiple-organ dysfunction including pancreatic injury, thus resulting in high mortality. Innate immune molecule surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays a critical role in host defense and regulating inflammation of infectious diseases. In this study we investigated SP-D functions in the acute pancreatic injury (API) with C57BL/6 Wild-type (WT) and SP-D knockout (KO) mice in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Our results confirm SP-D expression in pancreatic islets and intercalated ducts and are the first to explore the role of pancreatic SP-D in sepsis. CLP decreased pancreatic SP-D levels and caused severe pancreatic injury with higher serum amylase 24 h after CLP. Apoptosis and neutrophil infiltration were increased in the pancreas of septic KO mice (p < 0.05, vs septic WT mice), with lower Bcl-2 and higher caspase-3 levels in septic KO mice (p < 0.05). Molecular analysis revealed increased NF-κB-p65 and phosphorylated IκB-α levels along with higher serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in septic KO mice compared to septic WT mice (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in vitro islet cultures stimulated with LPS produced higher TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.05) from KO mice compared to WT mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate SP-D plays protective roles by inhibiting apoptosis and modulating NF-κB-mediated inflammation in CLP-induced API.
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Hu F, Ding G, Zhang Z, Gatto LA, Hawgood S, Poulain FR, Cooney RN, Wang G. Innate immunity of surfactant proteins A and D in urinary tract infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Innate Immun 2015; 22:9-20. [PMID: 26511057 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915609973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D, respectively) in urinary tract infection (UTI), SP-A and SP-D double knockout (SP-A/D KO) and wild type (WT) C57BL/6 female mice were infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli by intravesical inoculation. Compared with WT mice SP-A/D KO mice showed increased susceptibility to UTI, as evidenced by higher bacterial CFU, more infiltrating neutrophils and severe pathological changes. Keratinocyte-derived chemokine increased in the kidney of WT mice but not in SP-A/D KO mice 24 h post-infection. Compared with control, the level of IL-17 was elevated in the kidney of infected WT and SP-A/D KO mice and the level of IL-17 was higher in the infected SP-A/D KO mice than in infected WT mice 24 and 48 h post-infection. The basal level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in SP-A/D KO mice was higher than in WT mice. The phosphorylated p38 level was elevated in the kidney of WT mice post infection but not in SP-A/D KO mice. Furthermore, in vitro growth of uropathogenic E. coli was inhibited by SP-A and SP-D. We conclude that SP-A and SP-D function as mediators of innate immunity by inhibiting bacterial growth and modulating renal inflammation in part by regulating p38 MAPK-related pathway in murine UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Hu
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Louis A Gatto
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Hawgood
- Department of Pediatrics and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francis R Poulain
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of California Davis Medical Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Andrade F, Neves JD, Gener P, Schwartz S, Ferreira D, Oliva M, Sarmento B. Biological assessment of self-assembled polymeric micelles for pulmonary administration of insulin. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1621-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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De Backer L, Cerrada A, Pérez-Gil J, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Bio-inspired materials in drug delivery: Exploring the role of pulmonary surfactant in siRNA inhalation therapy. J Control Release 2015; 220:642-50. [PMID: 26363301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many pathologies of the respiratory tract are inadequately treated with existing small molecule-based therapies. The emergence of RNA interference (RNAi) enables the post-transcriptional silencing of key molecular disease factors that cannot readily be targeted with conventional small molecule drugs. Pulmonary administration of RNAi effectors, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), allows direct delivery into the lung tissue, hence reducing systemic exposure. Unfortunately, the clinical translation of RNAi is severely hampered by inefficient delivery of siRNA therapeutics towards the cytoplasm of the target cells. In order to have a better control of the siRNA delivery process, both extra- and intracellular, siRNAs are typically formulated in nanosized delivery vehicles (nanoparticles, NPs). In the lower airways, which are the targeted sites of action for multiple pulmonary disorders, these siRNA-loaded NPs will encounter the pulmonary surfactant (PS) layer, covering the entire alveolar surface. The interaction between the instilled siRNA-loaded NPs and the PS at this nano-bio interface results in the adsorption of PS components onto the surface of the NPs. The formation of this so-called biomolecular corona conceals the original NP surface and will therefore profoundly determine the biological efficacy of the NP. Though this interplay has initially been regarded as a barrier towards efficient siRNA delivery to the respiratory target cell, recent reports have illustrated that the interaction with PS might also be beneficial for local pulmonary siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn De Backer
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Alejandro Cerrada
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, and Research Institute Hospital 12 Octubre, Universidad Complutense, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, and Research Institute Hospital 12 Octubre, Universidad Complutense, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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MBL2 genotypes and their associations with MBL levels and NICU morbidity in a cohort of Greek neonates. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:478412. [PMID: 25879044 PMCID: PMC4387979 DOI: 10.1155/2015/478412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of MBL2 genotypes and their associations with MBL levels and various morbidities of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). One hundred and thirty-four (134) NICU (83 term and 51 preterm) and 150 healthy neonates were enrolled in the study. MBL2 genotype and MBL serum levels at birth were determined prospectively by PCR-RFLP-sequencing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. NICU neonates displayed significantly lower MBL serum levels compared to healthy ones. MBL deficiency, defined as the low MBL2 expression group (XA/O and O/O), was significantly associated with an increased risk of respiratory morbidity, especially transient tachypnea of the newborn and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Moreover, an increase of 100 ng/mL of serum MBL levels decreases by 5% the risk of total respiratory morbidity and by 7% the risk of RDS, after correction for prematurity and sex and regardless of the presence of infections. Our study further supports the notion that neonates with MBL deficiency and low MBL serum levels at birth may be at higher risk of developing severe respiratory complications.
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Barrow AD, Palarasah Y, Bugatti M, Holehouse AS, Byers DE, Holtzman MJ, Vermi W, Skjødt K, Crouch E, Colonna M. OSCAR is a receptor for surfactant protein D that activates TNF-α release from human CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3317-26. [PMID: 25716998 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is critical for maintenance of lung homeostasis and provides a first line of defense to pathogens at mucosal surfaces. Polymorphisms in the SP-D-encoding gene SFTPD have been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ulcerative colitis. Identification of the immunoreceptors that bind SP-D is essential for understanding its contribution to lung homeostasis and mucosal defense. We located a putative binding motif for the osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) within the SP-D collagenous domain. An OSCAR-Fc fusion protein specifically bound to the collagenous region of recombinant SP-D and captured native SP-D from human bronchoalveolar lavage. OSCAR localized in an intracellular compartment of alveolar macrophages together with SP-D. Moreover, we found OSCAR on the surface of interstitial lung and blood CCR2(+) inflammatory monocytes, which secreted TNF-α when exposed to SP-D in an OSCAR-dependent fashion. OSCAR and SP-D did not exclusively colocalize in lung, as they were also highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques of human aorta, supporting a role for this interaction in atherosclerosis. Our results identify the OSCAR:SP-D interaction as a potential therapeutic target in chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung as well as other diseases involving tissue accumulation of SP-D, infiltration of inflammatory monocytes, and release of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Barrow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; and
| | - Derek E Byers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Karsten Skjødt
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Erika Crouch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
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Carrier interactions with the biological barriers of the lung: advanced in vitro models and challenges for pulmonary drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 75:129-40. [PMID: 24880145 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years significant progress has been made to improve particle deposition in the lung. However, the development of strategies to overcome the air-blood lung barrier is still needed. The combination of complex in vitro models and sophisticated particulate carriers is promising as a strategy by which that goal could be achieved. In this review we discuss currently available in vitro lung models, including some recent tissue-engineering approaches, as well as the challenges associated to implement such complex in vitro systems. Furthermore, we discuss available carrier technologies, often based on nanotechnology, to target specific regions of the lungs and to overcome the respective biological barriers, ideally resulting in safe and effective delivery to the desired pulmonary destination.
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Tang Z, Ni L, Javidiparsijani S, Hu F, Gatto LA, Cooney R, Wang G. Enhanced liver autophagic activity improves survival of septic mice lacking surfactant proteins A and D. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2014; 231:127-38. [PMID: 24126241 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.231.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a protective cellular mechanism in response to various stresses, including sepsis. Sepsis is defined as systemic inflammation by infection. Surfactant protein A and D (SP-A and SP-D) are involved in host defense, regulation of inflammation, and homeostasis, but their roles in the autophagic activity and relevant gene expression in sepsis are unclear. In this study, mice lacking SP-A and SP-D (SP-A/D KO mice) and background-matched wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice underwent either cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. The results showed that SP-A/D KO mice had lower mortality than WT mice in CLP sepsis. Liver tissues showed marked pathological changes in both septic SP-A/D KO and WT mice 24 hrs after CLP treatment; and quantitative analysis of liver histopathology revealed significant difference between septic SP-A/D and septic WT mice. SP-A/D KO mice had higher basal and sepsis-induced level of autophagy than WT mice (p < 0.05), as judged by Western blot and electron microscopic analyses. The expression of 84 autophagy-related genes revealed differential basal and sepsis-induced gene expression between SP-A/D KO and WT mice. The expression increased in three genes and decreased in four genes in septic WT mice, as compared to septic SP-A/D KO mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, differential responses to sepsis between SP-A/D KO and WT mice were found in six signaling pathways related to autophagy and apoptosis. Therefore, enhanced autophagic activity improves the survival of septic SP-A/D KO mice through the regulation of liver autophagy/apoptosis-related gene expression and signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University
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Goh BC, Rynkiewicz MJ, Cafarella TR, White MR, Hartshorn KL, Allen K, Crouch EC, Calin O, Seeberger PH, Schulten K, Seaton BA. Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of influenza by surfactant protein D revealed by large-scale molecular dynamics simulation. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8527-38. [PMID: 24224757 DOI: 10.1021/bi4010683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a mammalian C-type lectin, is the primary innate inhibitor of influenza A virus (IAV) in the lung. Interactions of SP-D with highly branched viral N-linked glycans on hemagglutinin (HA), an abundant IAV envelope protein and critical virulence factor, promote viral aggregation and neutralization through as yet unknown molecular mechanisms. Two truncated human SP-D forms, wild-type (WT) and double mutant D325A+R343V, representing neck and carbohydrate recognition domains are compared in this study. Whereas both WT and D325A+R343V bind to isolated glycosylated HA, WT does not inhibit IAV in neutralization assays; in contrast, D325A+R343V neutralization compares well with that of full-length native SP-D. To elucidate the mechanism for these biochemical observations, we have determined crystal structures of D325A+R343V in the presence and absence of a viral nonamannoside (Man9). On the basis of the D325A+R343V-Man9 structure and other crystallographic data, models of complexes between HA and WT or D325A+R343V were produced and subjected to molecular dynamics. Simulations reveal that whereas WT and D325A+R343V both block the sialic acid receptor site of HA, the D325A+R343V complex is more stable, with stronger binding caused by additional hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with HA residues. Furthermore, the blocking mechanism of HA differs for WT and D325A+R343V because of alternate glycan binding modes. The combined results suggest a mechanism through which the mode of SP-D-HA interaction could significantly influence viral aggregation and neutralization. These studies provide the first atomic-level molecular view of an innate host defense lectin inhibiting its viral glycoprotein target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chong Goh
- Beckman Institute and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Julien P, Thielens NM, Crouch E, Spehner D, Crance JM, Favier AL. Protective effect of surfactant protein d in pulmonary vaccinia virus infection: implication of A27 viral protein. Viruses 2013; 5:928-53. [PMID: 23518578 PMCID: PMC3705305 DOI: 10.3390/v5030928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) was used as a surrogate of variola virus (VARV) (genus Orthopoxvirus), the causative agent of smallpox, to study Orthopoxvirus infection. VARV is principally transmitted between humans by aerosol droplets. Once inhaled, VARV first infects the respiratory tract where it could encounter surfactant components, such as soluble pattern recognition receptors. Surfactant protein D (SP-D), constitutively present in the lining fluids of the respiratory tract, plays important roles in innate host defense against virus infection. We investigated the role of SP-D in VACV infection and studied the A27 viral protein involvement in the interaction with SP-D. Interaction between SP-D and VACV caused viral inhibition in a lung cell model. Interaction of SP-D with VACV was mediated by the A27 viral protein. Binding required Ca2+ and interactions were blocked in the presence of excess of SP-D saccharide ligands. A27, which lacks glycosylation, directly interacted with SP-D. The interaction between SP-D and the viral particle was also observed using electron microscopy. Infection of mice lacking SP-D (SP-D-/-) resulted in increased mortality compared to SP-D+/+ mice. Altogether, our data show that SP-D participates in host defense against the vaccinia virus infection and that the interaction occurs with the viral surface protein A27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perino Julien
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées- Antenne du Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, 38702 La Tronche cedex, France; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J-M.C.); (A-L.F.)
| | - Nicole M. Thielens
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, CEA, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France; E-Mail: (N-M.T.)
| | - Erika Crouch
- Dept of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; E-Mail: (E.C.)
| | - Danièle Spehner
- IGBMC; CNRS, UMR 7104; Inserm U 596; Illkirch, F-67400 France; Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, F-67000 France; E-Mail: (D.S.)
| | - Jean-Marc Crance
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées- Antenne du Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, 38702 La Tronche cedex, France; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J-M.C.); (A-L.F.)
| | - Anne-Laure Favier
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées- Antenne du Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, 38702 La Tronche cedex, France; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J-M.C.); (A-L.F.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (A-L.F.); Tel.: +33-4-76-63-97-72; Fax: +33-4-76-63-69-06
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Hernansanz-Agustín P, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, García-Ortiz A, Ibiza S, Serrador JM, Martínez-Ruiz A. Nitrosothiols in the immune system: signaling and protection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:288-308. [PMID: 22746191 PMCID: PMC3518543 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In the immune system, nitric oxide (NO) has been mainly associated with antibacterial defenses exerted through oxidative, nitrosative, and nitrative stress and signal transduction through cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms. However, S-nitrosylation is emerging as a post-translational modification (PTM) involved in NO-mediated cell signaling. RECENT ADVANCES Precise roles for S-nitrosylation in signaling pathways have been described both for innate and adaptive immunity. Denitrosylation may protect macrophages from their own S-nitrosylation, while maintaining nitrosative stress compartmentalized in the phagosomes. Nitrosothiols have also been shown to be beneficial in experimental models of autoimmune diseases, mainly through their role in modulating T-cell differentiation and function. CRITICAL ISSUES Relationship between S-nitrosylation, other thiol redox PTMs, and other NO-signaling pathways has not been always taken into account, particularly in the context of immune responses. Methods for assaying S-nitrosylation in individual proteins and proteomic approaches to study the S-nitrosoproteome are constantly being improved, which helps to move this field forward. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Integrated studies of signaling pathways in the immune system should consider whether S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation processes are among the PTMs influencing the activity of key signaling and adaptor proteins. Studies in pathophysiological scenarios will also be of interest to put these mechanisms into broader contexts. Interventions modulating nitrosothiol levels in autoimmune disease could be investigated with a view to developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
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Yoo E, Crall BM, Balakrishna R, Malladi SS, Fox LM, Hermanson AR, David SA. Structure–activity relationships in Toll-like receptor 7 agonistic 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6526-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40816g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Montalbano AP, Hawgood S, Mendelson CR. Mice deficient in surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-D or in TLR2 manifest delayed parturition and decreased expression of inflammatory and contractile genes. Endocrinology 2013; 154. [PMID: 23183169 PMCID: PMC3529364 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previously we obtained compelling evidence that the fetus provides a critical signal for the initiation of term labor through developmental induction of surfactant protein (SP)-A expression by the fetal lung and secretion into amniotic fluid (AF). We proposed that interactions of AF macrophage (Mϕ) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) with SP-A, at term, or bacterial components, at preterm, result in their activation and migration to the pregnant uterus. Herein the timing of labor in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice was compared with mice homozygous null for TLR2, SP-A, SP-D, or doubly deficient in SP-A and SP-D. Interestingly, TLR2(-/-) females manifested a significant (P < 0.001) delay in timing of labor compared with WT as well as reduced expression of the myometrial contraction-associated protein (CAP) gene, connexin-43, and Mϕ marker, F4/80, at 18.5 d postcoitum (dpc). Whereas in first pregnancies, SP-A(-/-), SP-D(-/-), and SP-A/D(-/-) females delivered at term (∼19.5 dpc), in second pregnancies, parturition was delayed by approximately 12 h in SP-A(-/-) (P = 0.07) and in SP-A/D(-/-) (P <0.001) females. Myometrium of SP-A/D(-/-) females expressed significantly lower levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and CAP genes, connexin-43, and oxytocin receptor at 18.5 dpc compared with WT. F4/80(+) AF Mϕs from TLR2(-/-) and SP-A/D(-/-) mice expressed significantly lower levels of both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory activation markers (e.g. IL-1β, IL-6, ARG1, YM1) compared with gestation-matched WT AF Mϕs. These novel findings suggest that the pulmonary collectins acting via TLR2 serve a modulatory role in the timing of labor; their relative impact may be dependent on parity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina P Montalbano
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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Abstract
Influenza has a long history of causing morbidity and mortality in the human population through routine seasonal spread and global pandemics. The high mutation rate of the RNA genome of the influenza virus, combined with assortment of its multiple genomic segments, promote antigenic diversity and new subtypes, allowing the virus to evade vaccines and become resistant to antiviral drugs. There is thus a continuing need for new anti-influenza therapy using novel targets and creative strategies. In this review, we summarize prospective future therapeutic regimens based on recent molecular and genomic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailen Barik
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, 2351 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA.
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Salunke DB, Yoo E, Shukla NM, Balakrishna R, Malladi SS, Serafin KJ, Day VW, Wang X, David SA. Structure-activity relationships in human Toll-like receptor 8-active 2,3-diamino-furo[2,3-c]pyridines. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8137-51. [PMID: 22924757 DOI: 10.1021/jm301066h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In our ongoing search toward identifying novel and synthetically simpler candidate vaccine adjuvants, we hypothesized that the imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines, readily accessible via the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé multicomponent reaction, would possess sufficient structural similarity with TLR7/8-agonistic imidazoquinolines. With pyridoxal as the aldehyde component, furo[2,3-c]pyridines, rather than the expected imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, were obtained, which were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and crystallography. Several analogues were found to activate TLR8-dependent NF-κB signaling. In a focused library of furo[2,3-c]pyridines, a distinct SAR was observed with varying substituents at C2. In human PBMCs, none of the furo[2,3-c]pyridines showed any proinflammatory cytokine induction but upregulated several chemokine ligand genes. In immunization studies in rabbits, the most active compound showed prominent adjuvantic effects. The complete lack of proinflammatory cytokine induction coupled with strong adjuvantic activity of the novel furo[2,3-c]pyridines render this hitherto unknown chemotype an attractive class of compounds which are expected to be devoid of local or systemic reactogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Multidisciplinary Research Building, Room 320D, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Kirch† J, Ruge CA, Schneider† C, Hanes J, Lehr* CM. Nanostructures for Overcoming the Pulmonary Barriers: Physiological Considerations and Mechanistic Issues. NANOSTRUCTURED BIOMATERIALS FOR OVERCOMING BIOLOGICAL BARRIERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735292-00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Jaw JE, Sin DD. Unifying thoracic biomarkers: surfactant protein-D and beyond. Expert Rev Respir Med 2012; 6:147-54. [PMID: 22455487 DOI: 10.1586/ers.12.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disorder that affects 300 million people worldwide and is responsible for 3 million deaths annually. Currently, there are no accepted biomarkers of COPD, which has impaired drug development and management of patients with COPD. Pneumoproteins, which are proteins synthesized predominantly in the lungs, are promising blood biomarkers because they have high specificity for lung disease. The most promising is surfactant protein-D, which is synthesized largely in Type 2 pneumocytes, and its blood concentrations have been associated with COPD and with certain clinical end points such as mortality. In this paper, we discuss surfactant protein-D and other pneumoproteins as promising biomarkers of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Erh Jaw
- UBC James Hogg Research Center, The Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St Paul's Hospital and Department of Medicine (Pulmonary Division), University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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Eddens T, Kolls JK. Host defenses against bacterial lower respiratory tract infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:424-30. [PMID: 22841348 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have shown that lung epithelia signal through pattern recognition receptors to initiate the innate immune response. Other mediators of innate immunity against bacterial pneumonia include transepithelial dendritic cells, alveolar macrophages, and innate produces of IL-17. CD4+ T cells and B cells play a key role in eliminating and preventing the development of bacterial pneumonias. B cell development and maturation can be modulated by the lung epithelia through BAFF and APRIL, furthering our current understanding of the role of epithelial cells in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Eddens
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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The interplay of lung surfactant proteins and lipids assimilates the macrophage clearance of nanoparticles. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40775. [PMID: 22802970 PMCID: PMC3393659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The peripheral lungs are a potential entrance portal for nanoparticles into the human body due to their large surface area. The fact that nanoparticles can be deposited in the alveolar region of the lungs is of interest for pulmonary drug delivery strategies and is of equal importance for toxicological considerations. Therefore, a detailed understanding of nanoparticle interaction with the structures of this largest and most sensitive part of the lungs is important for both nanomedicine and nanotoxicology. Astonishingly, there is still little known about the bio-nano interactions that occur after nanoparticle deposition in the alveoli. In this study, we compared the effects of surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) on the clearance of magnetite nanoparticles (mNP) with either more hydrophilic (starch) or hydrophobic (phosphatidylcholine) surface modification by an alveolar macrophage (AM) cell line (MH-S) using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Both proteins enhanced the AM uptake of mNP compared with pristine nanoparticles; for the hydrophilic ST-mNP, this effect was strongest with SP-D, whereas for the hydrophobic PL-mNP it was most pronounced with SP-A. Using gel electrophoretic and dynamic light scattering methods, we were able to demonstrate that the observed cellular effects were related to protein adsorption and to protein-mediated interference with the colloidal stability. Next, we investigated the influence of various surfactant lipids on nanoparticle uptake by AM because lipids are the major surfactant component. Synthetic surfactant lipid and isolated native surfactant preparations significantly modulated the effects exerted by SP-A and SP-D, respectively, resulting in comparable levels of macrophage interaction for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanoparticles. Our findings suggest that because of the interplay of both surfactant lipids and proteins, the AM clearance of nanoparticles is essentially the same, regardless of different intrinsic surface properties.
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Mittal RA, Hammel M, Schwarz J, Heschl KM, Bretschneider N, Flemmer AW, Herber-Jonat S, Königshoff M, Eickelberg O, Holzinger A. SFTA2--a novel secretory peptide highly expressed in the lung--is modulated by lipopolysaccharide but not hyperoxia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40011. [PMID: 22768197 PMCID: PMC3386909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific transcripts are likely to be of importance for the corresponding organ. While attempting to define the specific transcriptome of the human lung, we identified the transcript of a yet uncharacterized protein, SFTA2. In silico analyses, biochemical methods, fluorescence imaging and animal challenge experiments were employed to characterize SFTA2. Human SFTA2 is located on Chr. 6p21.33, a disease-susceptibility locus for diffuse panbronchiolitis. RT-PCR verified the abundance of SFTA2-specific transcripts in human and mouse lung. SFTA2 is synthesized as a hydrophilic precursor releasing a 59 amino acid mature peptide after cleavage of an N-terminal secretory signal. SFTA2 has no recognizable homology to other proteins while orthologues are present in all mammals. SFTA2 is a glycosylated protein and specifically expressed in nonciliated bronchiolar epithelium and type II pneumocytes. In accordance with other hydrophilic surfactant proteins, SFTA2 did not colocalize with lamellar bodies but colocalized with golgin97 and clathrin-labelled vesicles, suggesting a classical secretory pathway for its expression and secretion. In the mouse lung, Sfta2 was significantly downregulated after induction of an inflammatory reaction by intratracheal lipopolysaccharides paralleling surfactant proteins B and C but not D. Hyperoxia, however, did not alter SFTA2 mRNA levels. We have characterized SFTA2 and present it as a novel unique secretory peptide highly expressed in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi A. Mittal
- Neonatology, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Hammel
- Neonatology, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Experimental Pneumology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina M. Heschl
- Neonatology, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas W. Flemmer
- Neonatology, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Herber-Jonat
- Neonatology, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Experimental Pneumology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Experimental Pneumology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Neonatology, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Soluble host defense lectins in innate immunity to influenza virus. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:732191. [PMID: 22665991 PMCID: PMC3362216 DOI: 10.1155/2012/732191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defenses against viral infections depend on a complex interplay of innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) components. In the early stages of infection, innate mechanisms represent the main line of host defense, acting to limit the spread of virus in host tissues prior to the induction of the adaptive immune response. Serum and lung fluids contain a range of lectins capable of recognizing and destroying influenza A viruses (IAV). Herein, we review the mechanisms by which soluble endogenous lectins mediate anti-IAV activity, including their role in modulating IAV-induced inflammation and disease and their potential as prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatments during severe IAV-induced disease.
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Hu F, Liang W, Ren Z, Wang G, Ding G. Surfactant protein D inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in human renal tubular epithelial cells: implication for tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:514-22. [PMID: 22288595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a member of the C-type lectin (collectin) protein family, plays a critical role in innate host defence against various microbial pathogens and in the modulation of inflammatory responses in the lung. However, little is known about its expression and biological function in the kidney. In this work, we studied SP-D expression in human kidney and cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2), and examined the effect of SP-D on proinflammatory cytokine production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulus. We observed the expression of both SP-D mRNA and protein in human kidney and in-vitro HK-2 cells by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. To explore the potential role of SP-D in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in kidney infection, we examined the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in HK-2 cells after LPS treatment. Results showed that the level of MCP-1 in the conditioned medium increased significantly when HK-2 cells were cultured with LPS (>0·1 µg/ml) for 8 h. Of interest, LPS treatment inhibited SP-D expression in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, over-expression of SP-D reduced significantly the LPS-induced expression of MCP-1 in transfected cells. These findings suggest that SP-D in the kidney functions as an anti-inflammatory factor in renal tubular epithelial cells and may modulate tubulointerstitial fibrosis in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Atochina-Vasserman EN. S-nitrosylation of surfactant protein D as a modulator of pulmonary inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:763-9. [PMID: 22183030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the family of proteins termed collagen-like lectins or "collectins" that play a role in non-antibody-mediated innate immune responses [1]. The primary function of SP-D is the modulation of host defense and inflammation [2]. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review will discuss recent findings on the physiological importance of SP-D S-nitrosylation in biological systems and potential mechanisms that govern SP-D mediated signaling. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS SP-D appears to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling functions. SP-D multimerization is a critical feature of its function and plays an important role in efficient innate host defense. Under baseline conditions, SP-D forms a multimer in which the N-termini are hidden in the center and the C-termini are on the surface. This multimeric form of SP-D is limited in its ability to activate inflammation. However, NO can modify key cysteine residues in the hydrophobic tail domain of SP-D resulting in a dissociation of SP-D multimers into trimers, exposing the S-nitrosylated N-termini. The exposed S-nitrosylated tail domain binds to the calreticulin/CD91 receptor complex and initiates a pro-inflammatory response through phosphorylation of p38 and NF-κB activation [3,4]. In addition, the disassembled SP-D loses its ability to block TLR4, which also results in activation of NF-κB. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Recent studies have highlighted the capability of NO to modify SP-D through S-nitrosylation, causing the activation of a pro-inflammatory role for SP-D [3]. This represents a novel mechanism both for the regulation of SP-D function and NO's role in innate immunity, but also demonstrates that the S-nitrosylation can control protein function by regulating quaternary structure. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Regulation of Cellular Processes by S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Atochina-Vasserman
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Vernon and Shirley Hill Pavilion, #H410C, 380 S. University Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104-4539, USA.
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Ruge CA, Kirch J, Cañadas O, Schneider M, Perez-Gil J, Schaefer UF, Casals C, Lehr CM. Uptake of nanoparticles by alveolar macrophages is triggered by surfactant protein A. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:690-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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