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La MT, Hoang VH, Sahu R, Nguyen CT, Nam G, Park HJ, Park M, Kim YJ, Kim JY, Ann J, Seo JH, Lee J. Discovery of indazole inhibitors for heat shock protein 90 as anti-cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116620. [PMID: 38971048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
A series of indazole analogs, derived from the B,C-ring-truncated scaffold of deguelin, were designed to function as C-terminal inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and investigated as novel antitumor agents against HER2-positive breast cancer. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 12d exhibited substantial inhibitory effects in trastuzumab-sensitive (BT474) and trastuzumab-resistant (JIMT-1) breast cancer cells, with IC50 values of 6.86 and 4.42 μM, respectively. Notably, compound 12d exhibited no cytotoxicity in normal cells. Compound 12d markedly downregulated the expression of the major HSP90 client proteins in both cell types, attributing its cytotoxicity to the destabilization and inactivation of HSP90 client proteins. Molecular docking studies using the homology model of an HSP90 homodimer demonstrated that inhibitor 12d fit nicely into the C-terminal domain, boasting a higher electrostatic complementary score than ATP. In vivo pharmacokinetic study indicated the high oral bioavailability of compound 12 d at F = 66.9 %, while toxicological studies indicated its negligible impact on hERG channels and CYP isozymes. Genotoxicity tests further confirmed its safety profile. The findings collectively position compound 12d as a promising candidate for further development as an antitumor agent against HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Thanh La
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Hai Hoang
- Faculty of Pharmacy & PHENIKAA Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | - Raghaba Sahu
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cong-Truong Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Gibeom Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyae Ann
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Bhagyalalitha M, Handattu Shankaranarayana A, Arun Kumar S, Singh M, Pujar KG, Bidye D, Veeranna Pujar G. Advances in HER2-Targeted Therapies: From monoclonal antibodies to dual inhibitors developments in cancer treatment. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107695. [PMID: 39137598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
HER2 receptors, overexpressed in certain human cancers, have drawn significant attention in cancer research due to their correlation with poor survival rates. Researchers have developed monoclonal antibodies like Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab against HER2 receptors, which have proven highly beneficial in cancer therapy. Bispecific antibodies like Zanidatamab and antibody-drug conjugates like T-DM1 have been developed to overcome the resistance associated with monotherapy. Small molecules such as Lapatinib, Neratinib, and Pyrotinib were initially developed for treating breast cancer. However, ongoing research is investigating their potential use in other types of cancer, often in combination with other medications. EGFR/HER2 dual-targeted drugs have overcome drug resistance associated with HER2-targeted monotherapy. This comprehensive review covers the structural characteristics of HER2, the HER family signaling pathway mechanism, recent findings regarding HER2 receptor involvement in various cancers, and diverse HER2-targeted therapies. This information provides a comprehensive understanding of HER2-targeted strategies in the evolving field of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meduri Bhagyalalitha
- Computer Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015 India
| | - Akshatha Handattu Shankaranarayana
- Computer Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015 India
| | - Sethu Arun Kumar
- Computer Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015 India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015 India
| | - Karthik G Pujar
- Computer Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015 India
| | - Durgesh Bidye
- Computer Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015 India
| | - Gurubasavaraj Veeranna Pujar
- Computer Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015 India.
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3
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Fu B, Lou Y, Wu P, Lu X, Xu C. Emerging role of necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in breast cancer: New dawn for overcoming therapy resistance. Neoplasia 2024; 55:101017. [PMID: 38878618 PMCID: PMC11225858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the primary causes of death in women worldwide. The challenges associated with adverse outcomes have increased significantly, and the identification of novel therapeutic targets has become increasingly urgent. Regulated cell death (RCD) refers to a type of cell death that can be regulated by several different biomacromolecules, which is distinctive from accidental cell death (ACD). In recent years, apoptosis, a representative RCD pathway, has gained significance as a target for BC medications. However, tumor cells exhibit avoidance of apoptosis and result in treatment resistance, which emphasizes further studies devoted to alternative cell death processes, namely necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Here, in this review, we focus on summarizing the crucial signaling pathways of these RCD in BC. We further discuss the molecular mechanism and potentiality in clinical application of several prospective drugs, nanoparticles, and other small compounds targeting different RCD subroutines of BC. We also discuss the benefits of modulating RCD processes on drug resistance and the advantages of combining RCD modulators with conventional treatments in BC. This review will deepen our understanding of the relationship between RCD and BC, and shed new light on future directions to attack cancer vulnerabilities with RCD modulators for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifei Fu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - YuMing Lou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Pu Wu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China.
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China.
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4
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Yang S, Li D. Role of microRNAs in triple‑negative breast cancer and new therapeutic concepts (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 28:431. [PMID: 39049985 PMCID: PMC11268089 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most prevalent malignancy affecting women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the type of breast cancer with the worst prognosis. As a heterogeneous disease, TNBC has a pathogenesis that involves multiple oncogenic pathways, including involvement of gene mutations and alterations in signaling pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous, single-stranded non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3' untranslated region of target cell mRNAs to negatively regulate the gene expression of these specific mRNAs. Therefore, miRNAs are involved in cell growth, development, division and differentiation stages. miRNAs are also involved in gene targeting in tumorigenesis, tumor growth and the regulation of metastasis, including in breast cancer. Meanwhile, miRNAs also regulate components of signaling pathways. In this review, the role of miRNAs in the TNBC signaling pathway discovered in recent years is described in detail. The new concept of bi-targeted therapy for breast cancer using miRNA and artificial intelligence is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010050, P.R. China
| | - Donghai Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010050, P.R. China
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5
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Zhang H, Zhang L, He Y, Jiang D, Sun J, Luo Q, Liang H, Wang T, Li F, Tang Y, Yang Z, Liu W, Rao Y, Chen C. PI3K PROTAC overcomes the lapatinib resistance in PIK3CA-mutant HER2 positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217112. [PMID: 38986734 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Although anti-HER2 therapy has made significant strides in reducing metastasis and relapse in HER2-positive breast cancer, resistance to agents like trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and lapatinib frequently develops in patients undergoing treatment. Previous studies suggest that the hyperactivation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by PIK3CA/PTEN gene mutations is implicated in HER2 resistance. In this study, we introduce a novel PI3K-p110α Proteolysis TAargeting Chimera (PROTAC) that effectively inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells by degrading PI3K-p110α. When tested in two lapatinib-resistant cell lines, JIMT1 and MDA-MB-453, both of which harbor PIK3CA mutations, the PI3K PROTAC notably reduced cell proliferation and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Importantly, even at very low concentrations, PI3K PROTAC restored sensitivity to lapatinib. Furthermore, the efficacy of PI3K PROTAC surpassed that of Alpelisib, a selective PI3K-p110α kinase inhibitor in clinic. The superior performance of PI3K PROTAC was also confirmed in lapatinib-resistant breast cancer xenograft tumors and patient-derived breast cancer organoids (PDOs). In conclusion, this study reveals that the novel PI3K PROTAC we synthesized could serve as an effective agent to overcome lapatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuna He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dewei Jiang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Qianmei Luo
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huichun Liang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Life Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Fubing Li
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yu Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Zimo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Yu Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China.
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6
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Kim J, Son HY, Lee S, Rho HW, Kim R, Jeong H, Park C, Mun B, Moon Y, Jeong E, Lim EK, Haam S. Deep learning-assisted monitoring of trastuzumab efficacy in HER2-Overexpressing breast cancer via SERS immunoassays of tumor-derived urinary exosomal biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116347. [PMID: 38723332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring drug efficacy is significant in the current concept of companion diagnostics in metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab, a drug targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is an effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer. However, some patients develop resistance to this therapy; therefore, monitoring its efficacy is essential. Here, we describe a deep learning-assisted monitoring of trastuzumab efficacy based on a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) immunoassay against HER2-overexpressing mouse urinary exosomes. Individual Raman reporters bearing the desired SERS tag and exosome capture substrate were prepared for the SERS immunoassay; SERS tag signals were collected to prepare deep learning training data. Using this deep learning algorithm, various complicated mixtures of SERS tags were successfully quantified and classified. Exosomal antigen levels of five types of cell-derived exosomes were determined using SERS-deep learning analysis and compared with those obtained via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Finally, drug efficacy was monitored via SERS-deep learning analysis using urinary exosomes from trastuzumab-treated mice. Use of this monitoring system should allow proactive responses to any treatment-resistant issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea; YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Rho
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryunhyung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonggeol Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Moon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Tang Q, Li H, Zhao XT, Li ZY, Ma CX, Zhou SQ, Chen DD. Opportunities and Challenges in the Development of Antibody-Drug Conjugate for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The Diverse Choices and Changing Needs. World J Oncol 2024; 15:527-542. [PMID: 38993251 PMCID: PMC11236369 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous breast cancer subtype, which is also characterized by the aggressive phenotype, high recurrence rate, and poor prognosis. Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a monoclonal antibody with a cytotoxic payload connected by a linker. ADC is gaining more and more attention as a targeted anti-cancer agent. Clinical studies of emerging ADC drugs such as sacituzumab govitecan and trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with metastatic breast cancer (including TNBC) are progressing rapidly. In view of its excellent clinical efficacy and good tolerability, Sacituzumab govitecan gained accelerated approval by the FDA for the treatment of advanced metastatic TNBC in 2020. This review discusses the treatment status and challenges in TNBC, with an emphasis on the current status of ADC development and clinical trials in TNBC and metastatic breast cancer. We also summarize the clinical experience and future exploration directions of ADC development for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Xin Tong Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Ze Ying Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun Xiao Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Shao Qiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - De Dian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
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Aires I, Duarte JA, Vitorino R, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Oliveira P, Ferreira R. Restoring Skeletal Muscle Health through Exercise in Breast Cancer Patients and after Receiving Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7533. [PMID: 39062775 PMCID: PMC11277416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) stands out as the most commonly type of cancer diagnosed in women worldwide, and chemotherapy, a key component of treatment, exacerbates cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting, contributing to adverse health outcomes. Notably, the impact of chemotherapy on skeletal muscle seems to surpass that of the cancer itself, with inflammation identified as a common trigger for muscle wasting in both contexts. In skeletal muscle, pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate pathways crucial for the delicate balance between protein synthesis and breakdown, as well as satellite cell activation and myonuclear accretion. Physical exercise consistently emerges as a crucial therapeutic strategy to counteract cancer and chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting, ultimately enhancing patients' quality of life. However, a "one size fits all" approach does not apply to the prescription of exercise for BC patients, with factors such as age, menopause and comorbidities influencing the response to exercise. Hence, tailored exercise regimens, considering factors such as duration, frequency, intensity, and type, are essential to maximize efficacy in mitigating muscle wasting and improving disease outcomes. Despite the well-established anti-inflammatory role of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise proves equally or more beneficial in terms of mass and strength gain, as well as enhancing quality of life. This review comprehensively explores the molecular pathways affected by distinct exercise regimens in the skeletal muscle of cancer patients during chemotherapy, providing critical insights for precise exercise implementation to prevent skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Aires
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.A.); (R.F.)
- CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- CIAFEL, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.D.); (D.M.-G.)
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- CIAFEL, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.D.); (D.M.-G.)
| | - Paula Oliveira
- CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.A.); (R.F.)
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9
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Debets DO, de Graaf EL, Liefaard MC, Sonke GS, Lips EH, Ressa A, Altelaar M. Predicting treatment outcome using kinome activity profiling in HER2+ breast cancer biopsies. iScience 2024; 27:109858. [PMID: 38784015 PMCID: PMC11112361 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we measured the kinase activity profiles of 32 pre-treatment tumor biopsies of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic potential of kinase activity levels, to identify potential mechanisms of resistance and to predict treatment success of HER2-targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy. Indeed, our system-wide kinase activity analysis allowed us to link kinase activity to treatment response. Overall, high kinase activity in the HER2-pathway was associated with good treatment outcome. We found eleven kinases differentially regulated between treatment outcome groups, including well-known players in therapy resistance, such as p38a, ERK, and FAK, and an unreported one, namely MARK1. Lastly, we defined an optimal signature of four kinases in a multiple logistic regression diagnostic test for prediction of treatment outcome (AUC = 0.926). This kinase signature showed high sensitivity and specificity, indicating its potential as predictive biomarker for treatment success of HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna O. Debets
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik L. de Graaf
- Pepscope B.V, Nieuwe Kanaal 7, 6709 PA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marte C. Liefaard
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabe S. Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther H. Lips
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Ressa
- Pepscope B.V, Nieuwe Kanaal 7, 6709 PA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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10
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Pan L, Li J, Xu Q, Gao Z, Yang M, Wu X, Li X. HER2/PI3K/AKT pathway in HER2-positive breast cancer: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38508. [PMID: 38875362 PMCID: PMC11175886 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently the most commonly occurring cancer globally. Among breast cancer cases, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer accounts for 15% to 20% and is a crucial focus in the treatment of breast cancer. Common HER2-targeted drugs approved for treating early and/or advanced breast cancer include trastuzumab and pertuzumab, which effectively improve patient prognosis. However, despite treatment, most patients with terminal HER2-positive breast cancer ultimately suffer death from the disease due to primary or acquired drug resistance. The prevalence of aberrantly activated the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in HER2-positive breast cancer was already observed in previous studies. It is well known that p-AKT expression is linked to an unfavorable prognosis, and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, as the most common mutated pathway in breast cancer, plays a major role in the mechanism of drug resistance. Therefore, in the current review, we summarize the molecular alterations present in HER2-positive breast cancer, elucidate the relationships between HER2 overexpression and alterations in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the pathways of the alterations in breast cancer, and summarize the resistant mechanism of drugs targeting the HER2-AKT pathway, which will provide an adjunctive therapeutic rationale for subsequent resistance to directed therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Pan
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonggang General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zili Gao
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mao Yang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuesen Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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11
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Yan S, Ji J, Zhang Z, Imam M, Chen H, Zhang D, Wang J. Targeting the crosstalk between estrogen receptors and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer treatment: Advances and opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116615. [PMID: 38663101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play a critical role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor are the primary receptors for estrogen in breast cancer. These receptors are mainly activated by binding with estrogens. The crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors creates additional pathways that amplify the effects of their ligands and promote tumor growth. This crosstalk may cause endocrine therapy resistance in ERα-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, this may explain the resistance to anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) treatment in ERα-/HER2-positive breast cancer and chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Accordingly, it is necessary to understand the complex crosstalk between ERs and growth factor receptors. In this review, we delineate the crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer. Moreover, this review highlights the current progress in clinical treatment and discusses how pharmaceuticals target the crosstalk. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges and propose potential solutions regarding the implications of targeting crosstalk via pharmacological inhibition. Overall, the present review provides a landscape of the crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer, along with valuable insights for future studies and clinical treatments using a chemotherapy-sparing regimen to improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Jiale Ji
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Murshid Imam
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
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12
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Velázquez-Vega LE, Rivera-Robles M, Sánchez-Álvarez AO, Vivas-Mejía PE, Aponte-Reyes M, Cruz-Collazo AM, Grafals-Ruiz N, Dorta-Estremera S, Hernández-O'Farrill E, Vlaar CP, Dharmawardhane S. Efficacy and delivery strategies of the dual Rac/Cdc42 inhibitor MBQ-167 in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101928. [PMID: 38489873 PMCID: PMC10956050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab and trastuzumab-based treatments are the standard of care for breast cancer patients who overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). However, patients often develop resistance to trastuzumab via signaling from alternative growth factor receptors that converge to activate guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that in turn activate the Rho GTPases Rac and Cdc42. Since Rac and Cdc42 have been implicated in high tumor grade and therapy resistance, inhibiting the activity of Rac and Cdc42 is a rational strategy to overcome HER2-targeted therapy resistance. Therefore, our group developed MBQ-167, a dual Rac/Cdc42 inhibitor with IC50s of 103 nM and 78 nM for Rac and Cdc42, respectively, which is highly effective in reducing cell and tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer cell and mouse models. Herein, we created a trastuzumab resistant variant of the SKBR3 HER2 positive breast cancer cell line and show that Rac activation is a central mechanism in trastuzumab resistance. Next, we tested the potential of targeting MBQ-167 to HER2 overexpressing trastuzumab-resistant cell lines in vitro, and show that MBQ-167, but not trastuzumab, reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis. When MBQ-167 was targeted to mammary fatpad tumors established from HER2 overexpressing cells via immunoliposomes functionalized with trastuzumab, MBQ-167 and MBQ-167-loaded liposomes show equal efficacy in reducing the viability of trastuzumab-resistant cells, inhibiting tumor growth in mouse xenografts, and reducing metastasis to lungs and liver. This study demonstrates the efficacy of MBQ-167 as an alternative therapeutic in HER2 overexpressing cancers, delivered either in free form or in liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Velázquez-Vega
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Michael Rivera-Robles
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Pablo E Vivas-Mejía
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico; University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Ailed M Cruz-Collazo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nilmary Grafals-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Stephanie Dorta-Estremera
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Eliud Hernández-O'Farrill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Cornelis P Vlaar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Suranganie Dharmawardhane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico; University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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13
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Nibali L, Divaris K, Lu EMC. The promise and challenges of genomics-informed periodontal disease diagnoses. Periodontol 2000 2024; 95:194-202. [PMID: 39072804 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in human genomics and the advent of molecular medicine have catapulted our ability to characterize human and health and disease. Scientists and healthcare practitioners can now leverage information on genetic variation and gene expression at the tissue or even individual cell level, and an enormous potential exists to refine diagnostic categories, assess risk in unaffected individuals, and optimize disease management among those affected. This review investigates the progress made in the domains of molecular medicine and genomics as they relate to periodontology. The review summarizes the current evidence of association between genomics and periodontal diseases, including the current state of knowledge that approximately a third of the population variance of periodontitis may be attributable to genetic variation and the management of several monogenic forms of the disease can be augmented by knowledge of the underlying genetic cause. Finally, the paper discusses the potential utility of polygenic risk scores and genetic testing for periodontitis diagnosis now and in the future, in light of applications that currently exist in other areas of medicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Ming-Chieh Lu
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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14
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Varghese D, Cruz GI, Johanson C, Toland L, Miranda M, Faherty EC, Harland D, Kaplan HG. A real-world study of treatment sequences and second-line clinical outcomes in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in US community practice. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:780-789. [PMID: 38528295 PMCID: PMC11130013 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Standard-of-care for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (HER2 + mBC) patients consists of trastuzumab ± pertuzumab with chemotherapy in first-line (1L), and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) or the more recently approved trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in second-line (2L). Contemporary data on treatment sequencing and real-world effectiveness is limited. This study aims to report 2L treatments and outcomes among HER2 + mBC patients in the United States (US). METHODS HER2 + mBC patients initiating 2L treatment (index date) between January 2014 and February 2021 were identified from the Syapse Learning Health Network (LHN) database. Summary statistics for patient characteristics, treatment received, reasons for 2L discontinuation and time to 2L-clinical outcomes are reported. RESULTS Of the 312 patients initiating 2L treatment, had a median age of 59 years (interquartile range [IQR], 50-66) at the start of 2L. The majority were white (69%) and had de novo mBC (62%). Top three 2L regimens included T-DM1 ± endocrine therapy (29%), trastuzumab/pertuzumab/taxane (10%) and T-DM1/trastuzumab (8%). Around 88% discontinued 2L and 63% received subsequent treatment. Median time-to-next-treatment was 10.6 months (95% CI, 8.8-13.3) and real-world progression-free-survival was 7.9 months (95% CI, 7.0-9.9). Among 274 patients who discontinued 2L, 47% discontinued due to progression and 17% because of intolerance/toxicity, respectively. CONCLUSION This real-world US study showed that approximately two-thirds of 2L patients received subsequent therapy and disease progression was the most common reason for 2L discontinuation highlighting the need for timely 2L treatment with the most efficacious drug to allow patients to achieve longer treatment duration and delayed progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna I Cruz
- Syapse Holdings, Inc., 1442 Pottstown Pike, Unit #3008, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA.
| | - Colden Johanson
- Syapse Holdings, Inc., 1442 Pottstown Pike, Unit #3008, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Liz Toland
- Syapse Holdings, Inc., 1442 Pottstown Pike, Unit #3008, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
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15
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Raj-Kumar PK, Lin X, Liu T, Sturtz LA, Gritsenko MA, Petyuk VA, Sagendorf TJ, Deyarmin B, Liu J, Praveen-Kumar A, Wang G, McDermott JE, Shukla AK, Moore RJ, Monroe ME, Webb-Robertson BJM, Hooke JA, Fantacone-Campbell L, Mostoller B, Kvecher L, Kane J, Melley J, Somiari S, Soon-Shiong P, Smith RD, Mural RJ, Rodland KD, Shriver CD, Kovatich AJ, Hu H. Proteogenomic characterization of difficult-to-treat breast cancer with tumor cells enriched through laser microdissection. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:76. [PMID: 38745208 PMCID: PMC11094977 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women globally. Despite advances, there is considerable variation in clinical outcomes for patients with non-luminal A tumors, classified as difficult-to-treat breast cancers (DTBC). This study aims to delineate the proteogenomic landscape of DTBC tumors compared to luminal A (LumA) tumors. METHODS We retrospectively collected a total of 117 untreated primary breast tumor specimens, focusing on DTBC subtypes. Breast tumors were processed by laser microdissection (LMD) to enrich tumor cells. DNA, RNA, and protein were simultaneously extracted from each tumor preparation, followed by whole genome sequencing, paired-end RNA sequencing, global proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Differential feature analysis, pathway analysis and survival analysis were performed to better understand DTBC and investigate biomarkers. RESULTS We observed distinct variations in gene mutations, structural variations, and chromosomal alterations between DTBC and LumA breast tumors. DTBC tumors predominantly had more mutations in TP53, PLXNB3, Zinc finger genes, and fewer mutations in SDC2, CDH1, PIK3CA, SVIL, and PTEN. Notably, Cytoband 1q21, which contains numerous cell proliferation-related genes, was significantly amplified in the DTBC tumors. LMD successfully minimized stromal components and increased RNA-protein concordance, as evidenced by stromal score comparisons and proteomic analysis. Distinct DTBC and LumA-enriched clusters were observed by proteomic and phosphoproteomic clustering analysis, some with survival differences. Phosphoproteomics identified two distinct phosphoproteomic profiles for high relapse-risk and low relapse-risk basal-like tumors, involving several genes known to be associated with breast cancer oncogenesis and progression, including KIAA1522, DCK, FOXO3, MYO9B, ARID1A, EPRS, ZC3HAV1, and RBM14. Lastly, an integrated pathway analysis of multi-omics data highlighted a robust enrichment of proliferation pathways in DTBC tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an integrated proteogenomic characterization of DTBC vs LumA with tumor cells enriched through laser microdissection. We identified many common features of DTBC tumors and the phosphopeptides that could serve as potential biomarkers for high/low relapse-risk basal-like BC and possibly guide treatment selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen-Kumar Raj-Kumar
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Lori A Sturtz
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brenda Deyarmin
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
| | | | - Guisong Wang
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Anil K Shukla
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey A Hooke
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leigh Fantacone-Campbell
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brad Mostoller
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
| | - Leonid Kvecher
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Kane
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Melley
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
| | - Stella Somiari
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Richard J Mural
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
| | | | - Craig D Shriver
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Albert J Kovatich
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hai Hu
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA.
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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16
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Rojas-Quintero J, Díaz MP, Palmar J, Galan-Freyle NJ, Morillo V, Escalona D, González-Torres HJ, Torres W, Navarro-Quiroz E, Rivera-Porras D, Bermúdez V. Car T Cells in Solid Tumors: Overcoming Obstacles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4170. [PMID: 38673757 PMCID: PMC11050550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy has emerged as a prominent adoptive cell therapy and a therapeutic approach of great interest in the fight against cancer. This approach has shown notorious efficacy in refractory hematological neoplasm, which has bolstered its exploration in the field of solid cancers. However, successfully managing solid tumors presents considerable intrinsic challenges, which include the necessity of guiding the modified cells toward the tumoral region, assuring their penetration and survival in adverse microenvironments, and addressing the complexity of identifying the specific antigens for each type of cancer. This review focuses on outlining the challenges faced by CAR T cell therapy when used in the treatment of solid tumors, as well as presenting optimizations and emergent approaches directed at improving its efficacy in this particular context. From precise localization to the modulation of the tumoral microenvironment and the adaptation of antigen recognition strategies, diverse pathways will be examined to overcome the current limitations and buttress the therapeutic potential of CAR T cells in the fight against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - María P. Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino—Metabólicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (J.P.); (V.M.); (D.E.); (W.T.)
| | - Jim Palmar
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino—Metabólicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (J.P.); (V.M.); (D.E.); (W.T.)
| | - Nataly J. Galan-Freyle
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (E.N.-Q.)
| | - Valery Morillo
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino—Metabólicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (J.P.); (V.M.); (D.E.); (W.T.)
| | - Daniel Escalona
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino—Metabólicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (J.P.); (V.M.); (D.E.); (W.T.)
| | | | - Wheeler Torres
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino—Metabólicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (J.P.); (V.M.); (D.E.); (W.T.)
| | - Elkin Navarro-Quiroz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (E.N.-Q.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Diego Rivera-Porras
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia;
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (E.N.-Q.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
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17
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Bragina OD, Tashireva LA, Loos DM, Vtorushin SV, Shulga AA, Konovalova EN, Borodina ME, Chernov VI, Tolmachev VM, Deyev SM. Evaluation of HER2/neu Expression in Metastatic Axillary Lymph Node Tissue of Breast Cancer Patients Using [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3. Acta Naturae 2024; 16:22-29. [PMID: 39188262 PMCID: PMC11345088 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.27448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anatomic visualization and molecular typing of metastatic regional lymph nodes in breast cancer patients are a serious clinical challenge in modern oncology. According to the results of previous studies, [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 has proven to be a promising diagnostic agent in differentiating the HER2/neu receptor status in primary breast tumors (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test). In this regard, the purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities of using [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 to determine the HER2/neu receptor status in the metastatic axillary lymph nodes (mALNs) of breast cancer patients. The study was conducted using clinical material from 20 breast cancer patients (T2-4N1-3M0-1) before systemic therapy (10 patients with positive and 10 patients with negative HER2/neu expression in mALNs) who underwent SPECT/CT scan 4 h after the administration of [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3. Morphological and immunohistochemical studies of mALNs with assessment of the HER2/neu status were performed on all patients. We found that mALN-to-background and mALN-to-latissimus dorsi muscle ratios for [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 uptake 4 h after its administration may be used for typing of the HER2/neu status in mALNs of breast cancer patients (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test). In that case, sensitivity and specificity for the mALN-to-background ratio were identical at 80%, with the threshold value being > 12.25.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. D. Bragina
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, 634009 Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
| | - L. A. Tashireva
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, 634009 Russian Federation
| | - D. M. Loos
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, 634009 Russian Federation
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
| | - S. V. Vtorushin
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, 634009 Russian Federation
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
| | - A. A. Shulga
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russian Federation
| | - E. N. Konovalova
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russian Federation
| | - M. E. Borodina
- Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, 125284 Russian Federation
| | - V. I. Chernov
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, 634009 Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | | | - S. M. Deyev
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russian Federation
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
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18
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Lewis K, La Selva R, Maldonado E, Annis MG, Najyb O, Cepeda Cañedo E, Totten S, Hébert S, Sabourin V, Mirabelli C, Ciccolini E, Lehuédé C, Choinière L, Russo M, Avizonis D, Park M, St-Pierre J, Kleinman CL, Siegel PM, Ursini-Siegel J. p66ShcA promotes malignant breast cancer phenotypes by alleviating energetic and oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103028. [PMID: 38211442 PMCID: PMC10821068 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant efforts have focused on identifying targetable genetic drivers that support the growth of solid tumors and/or increase metastatic ability. During tumor development and progression to metastatic disease, physiological and pharmacological selective pressures influence parallel adaptive strategies within cancer cell sub-populations. Such adaptations allow cancer cells to withstand these stressful microenvironments. This Darwinian model of stress adaptation often prevents durable clinical responses and influences the emergence of aggressive cancers with increased metastatic fitness. However, the mechanisms contributing to such adaptive stress responses are poorly understood. We now demonstrate that the p66ShcA redox protein, itself a ROS inducer, is essential for survival in response to physiological stressors, including anchorage independence and nutrient deprivation, in the context of poor outcome breast cancers. Mechanistically, we show that p66ShcA promotes both glucose and glutamine metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer cells, to increase their capacity to engage catabolic metabolism and support glutathione synthesis. In doing so, chronic p66ShcA exposure contributes to adaptive stress responses, providing breast cancer cells with sufficient ATP and redox balance needed to withstand such transient stressed states. Our studies demonstrate that p66ShcA functionally contributes to the maintenance of aggressive phenotypes and the emergence of metastatic disease by forcing breast tumors to adapt to chronic and moderately elevated levels of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Lewis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rachel La Selva
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elias Maldonado
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ouafa Najyb
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eduardo Cepeda Cañedo
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Totten
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Hébert
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Sabourin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caitlynn Mirabelli
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emma Ciccolini
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Lehuédé
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Choinière
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mariana Russo
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daina Avizonis
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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19
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Connolly RM, Wang V, Hyman DM, Grivas P, Mitchell EP, Wright JJ, Sharon E, Gray RJ, McShane LM, Rubinstein LV, Patton DR, Williams PM, Hamilton SR, Wang J, Wisinski KB, Tricoli JV, Conley BA, Harris LN, Arteaga CL, O'Dwyer PJ, Chen AP, Flaherty KT. Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Patients with Non-Breast/Gastroesophageal HER2-Amplified Tumors: Results from the NCI-MATCH ECOG-ACRIN Trial (EAY131) Subprotocol J. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1273-1280. [PMID: 38433347 PMCID: PMC10984755 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE NCI-MATCH assigned patients with advanced cancer and progression on prior treatment, based on genomic alterations in pretreatment tumor tissue. Arm J (EAY131-J) evaluated the combination of trastuzumab/pertuzumab (HP) across HER2-amplified tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had high levels of HER2 amplification [copy number (CN) ≥7] detected by central next-generation sequencing (NGS) or through NCI-designated laboratories. Patients with breast/gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma and those who received prior HER2-directed therapy were excluded. Enrollment of patients with colorectal cancer was capped at 4 based on emerging data. Patients received HP IV Q3 weeks until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR); secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Thirty-five patients were enrolled, with 25 included in the primary efficacy analysis (CN ≥7 confirmed by a central lab, median CN = 28). Median age was 66 (range, 31-80), and half of all patients had ≥3 prior therapies (range, 1-11). The confirmed ORR was 12% [3/25 partial responses (colorectal, cholangiocarcinoma, urothelial cancers), 90% confidence interval (CI) 3.4%-28.2%]. There was one additional partial response (urothelial cancer) in a patient with an unconfirmed ERBB2 copy number. Median PFS was 3.3 months (90% CI 2.0-4.1), and median OS 9.4 months (90% CI 5.0-18.9). Treatment-emergent adverse events were consistent with prior studies. There was no association between HER2 CN and response. CONCLUSIONS HP was active in a selection of HER2-amplified tumors (non-breast/gastroesophageal) but did not meet the predefined efficacy benchmark. Additional strategies targeting HER2 and potential resistance pathways are warranted, especially in rare tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin M Connolly
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Cancer Research @UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Victoria Wang
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David M Hyman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Petros Grivas
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Edith P Mitchell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John J Wright
- Investigational Drug Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elad Sharon
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert J Gray
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa M McShane
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Larry V Rubinstein
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David R Patton
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - P Mickey Williams
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Jue Wang
- UT Southwestern Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kari B Wisinski
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - James V Tricoli
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barbara A Conley
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lyndsay N Harris
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- UT Southwestern Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Alice P Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Zafar MN, Pitt WG, Husseini GA. Encapsulation and release of calcein from herceptin-conjugated eLiposomes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27882. [PMID: 38524567 PMCID: PMC10958368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving an optimal therapeutic level is crucial in effectively eradicating cancer cells during treatment. However, conventional chemotherapy-associated systemic administration of anticancer agents leads to many side effects. To achieve the desired control over the target site, active targeting of HER2-positive breast cancer cells can be achieved by conjugating liposomal vesicles with Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and inducing release of the encapsulated drug using ultrasound. To further enhance the delivery efficiency, nanoemulsion droplets exhibiting responsiveness to low-frequency ultrasound are encapsulated within these lipid vesicles. In this study, we prepared four different liposomal formulations, namely pegylated liposomes, emulsion liposomes (eLiposomes), HER-conjugated liposomes, and HER-conjugated eLiposomes, each loaded with calcein and subjected to a thorough characterization process. Their sizes, phospholipid concentration, and amount of antibody conjugation were compared and analyzed. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the encapsulation of nanoemulsion droplets within the liposomes. The drug-releasing performance of Herceptin-conjugated eLiposomes was found to surpass that of other liposomal formulations with a notably higher calcein release and established it as a highly effective nanocarrier. The study showcases the efficacy of calcein-loaded and Herceptin-conjugated eLiposomes, which demonstrate rapid and efficient drug release among other liposomal formulations when subjected to ultrasound. This discovery paves the way for a more targeted, efficient, and humane approach to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mah Noor Zafar
- Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - William G. Pitt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Li X, Wang Y, Hu W, Song Q, Ding L. Development and validation of pharmacokinetics assays for a novel HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (SHR-A1201): Application to its dose-escalation pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115964. [PMID: 38219442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 25% of breast cancer patients with HER2 overexpression tend to have a high risk of disease progression and death. Various HER2-targeting therapies have been approved for treatment. Recently, a novel antibody-drug conjugate, SHR-A1201, is being researched and developed. For the pharmacokinetic study of SHR-A1201, suitable bioanalytical methods are needed for quantifying unconjugated cytotoxin, cytotoxin-conjugated antibodies and total antibodies. In this research, bioanalytical methods involving a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for unconjugated cytotoxic payload DM1 in human plasma, ELISA strategies for DM1-conjugated trastuzumab and total trastuzumab in human serum were developed, validated and successfully applied to a phase I dose-escalation pharmacokinetic study of SHR-A1201. The pharmacokinetic properties and exposure-to-dose proportionality was evaluated for SHR-A1201. According to the bioanalytical method validation guidance, the bioanalytical methods were fully validated and the validation results met the acceptance criteria. The nonspecific binding of DM1 and dimer was avoided for the LC-MS/MS assay. In the dose-escalation pharmacokinetic study of SHR-A1201, a potential dose-proportional pharmacokinetics was observed over the dose from 1.2 mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg. The validated bioanalytical strategies are robust and reproducible and these bioanalytical methods will contribute to better understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of SHR-A1201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiya Wang
- Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc., 18 Zhilan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Nanjing Jiening Pharmaceutical Technology, 18 Zhilan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Qinxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc., 18 Zhilan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China; Nanjing Jiening Pharmaceutical Technology, 18 Zhilan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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22
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Ibrahim NSM, Kadry HH, Zaher AF, Mohamed KO. Synthesis of novel pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives as dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitors as anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300513. [PMID: 38148301 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel N-aryl-5-aryl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-4-amines 4a-4l was synthesized as potential anticancer agents through Dimroth rearrangement reaction of intermediates 3a-3c. Pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines 4a-4l showed promising activity against the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line, compared with lapatinib as the reference drug. Compounds 4d, 4h, 4i, and 4l demonstrated higher cytotoxic activity than lapatinib, with IC50 values of 2.67, 6.82, 4.31, and 1.62 µM, respectively. Compounds 4d, 4i, and 4l showed promising epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition with IC50 values of 0.065, 0.116, and 0.052 µM, respectively. These compounds were subjected to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibition and showed IC50 values of 0.09, 0.164, and 0.055 µM, respectively. Compounds 4d, 4i, and 4l are good candidates as dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitors. The most active compound, 4l, was subjected to cell-cycle analysis and induced cell-cycle arrest at the S phase. Compound 4l induced apoptosis 60-fold compared with control untreated MCF-7 cells. 4l can inhibit cancer metastasis. It reduced MCF-7 cell infiltration and metastasis by 45% compared with control untreated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Said M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Kadry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf F Zaher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled O Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Arish Branch, Arish, Egypt
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23
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Zou H, Luo J, Guo Y, Deng L, Zeng L, Pan Y, Li P. Tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated YAP1-TFAP2A interactions coordinate transcription and trastuzumab resistance in HER2+ breast cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101051. [PMID: 38219531 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Trastuzumab resistance in HER2+ breast cancer (BC) is the major reason leading to poor prognosis of BC patients. Oncogenic gene overexpression or aberrant activation of tyrosine kinase SRC is identified to be the key modulator of trastuzumab response. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms underlying SRC activation-associated trastuzumab resistance remain poorly understood. In the present study, we discover that SRC-mediated YAP1 tyrosine phosphorylation facilitates its interaction with transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha, TFAP2A), which in turn promotes YAP1/TEAD-TFAP2A (YTT) complex-associated transcriptional outputs, thereby conferring trastuzumab resistance in HER2+ BC. Inhibition of SRC kinase activity or disruption of YTT complex sensitizes cells to trastuzumab treatment in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we also identify YTT complex co-occupies the regulatory regions of a series of genes related to trastuzumab resistance and directly regulates their transcriptions, including EGFR, HER2, H19 and CTGF. Moreover, YTT-mediated transcriptional regulation is coordinated by SRC kinase activity. Taken together, our study reveals that SRC-mediated YTT complex formation and transcriptions are responsible for multiple mechanisms associated with trastuzumab resistance. Therefore, targeting HER2 signaling in combination with the inhibition of YTT-associated transcriptional outputs could serve as the treatment strategy to overcome trastuzumab resistance caused by SRC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zou
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yibo Guo
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Xu S, Wang L, Zhao Y, Mo T, Wang B, Lin J, Yang H. Metabolism-regulating non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: roles, mechanisms and clinical applications. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:25. [PMID: 38408962 PMCID: PMC10895768 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that pose a serious threat to women's health. Reprogramming of energy metabolism is a major feature of the malignant transformation of breast cancer. Compared to normal cells, tumor cells reprogram metabolic processes more efficiently, converting nutrient supplies into glucose, amino acid and lipid required for malignant proliferation and progression. Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) are a class of functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins but regulate the expression of target genes. NcRNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in various aspects of energy metabolism, including glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. This review focuses on the metabolic regulatory mechanisms and clinical applications of metabolism-regulating ncRNAs involved in breast cancer. We summarize the vital roles played by metabolism-regulating ncRNAs for endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy resistance in breast cancer, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Difficulties and perspectives of current targeted metabolism and non-coding RNA therapeutic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Premji SK, O’Sullivan CC. Standard-of-Care Treatment for HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer and Emerging Therapeutic Options. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2024; 18:11782234241234418. [PMID: 38410761 PMCID: PMC10896056 DOI: 10.1177/11782234241234418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior to the advent of the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, HER2+ breast cancer (BC) was considered an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Over the past 25 years, innovations in molecular biology, pathology, and early therapeutics have transformed the treatment landscape. With the advent of multiple HER2-directed therapies, there have been immense improvements in oncological outcomes in both adjuvant and metastatic settings. Currently, 8 HER2-targeted therapies are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of early-stage and/or advanced/metastatic disease. Nonetheless, approximately 25% of patients develop recurrent disease or metastasis after HER2-targeted therapy and most patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) die from their disease. Given the many mechanisms of resistance to HER2-directed therapy, there is a pressing need to further personalize care for patients with HER2+ MBC, by the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers, and the development of novel therapies and combination regimens to overcome therapeutic resistance. Of particular interest are established and novel antibody-drug conjugates, as well as other novel therapeutics and multifaceted approaches to harness the immune system (checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and vaccine therapy). Herein, we discuss standard-of-care treatment of HER2+ MBC, including the management of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM). Furthermore, we highlight novel treatment approaches for HER2+ MBC, including endeavors to personalize therapy, and discuss ongoing controversies and challenges.
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26
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Wang L, Yan J, XinyuWang, Xu Y, Pan D, Chen C, Shao Y, Song X, Qi K, Yang M, Tu J. Evaluation of chicken chorioallantoic membrane model for tumor imaging and drug development: Promising findings. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38230452 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model is a potential alternative to the mouse model based on the 3R principles. However, its value for determination of the in vivo behaviors of radiolabeled peptides through positron emission tomography (PET) imaging needed investigation. Herein, the chicken CAM tumor models were established, and their feasibility was evaluated for evaluating the imaging properties of radiolabeled peptides using a 68 Ga-labeled HER2 affibody. METHODS Two human breast cancer cell lines were inoculated into chicken CAM and mice, respectively. The tumor-targeting potential and pharmacokinetic profile of a 68 Ga-labeled affibody, 68 Ga-MZHER, in both tumor models were also determined. RESULTS The tumor-formation time in chicken CAM model was shorter than that of mouse model. The uptake values of human epithelial growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive Bcap37 tumors in chicken CAM and mouse models were 5.36 ± 0.26% ID/g and 5.26 ± 0.43% ID/g at 30 min postinjection of 68 Ga-MZHER, respectively. At the same time points, the uptake values of HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 tumors in the chicken CAM models and mouse models were 1.57 ± 0.15% ID/g and 1.67 ± 0.25% ID/g, respectively. Ex vivo biodistribution confirmed that more radioactivity accumulated in Bcap37 tumors than in MDA-MD-231 tumors in both CAM and mouse models. CONCLUSION In this study, the CAM tumor model was successfully prepared. The chicken CAM model is a novel tool for quickly determining the in vivo properties of radiolabeled peptides targeting biomarkers. It may be beneficial for early monitoring of the therapeutic effect of a new drug through PET imaging with specific peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - XinyuWang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Chongyang Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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27
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Ebrahimnejad P, Mohammadi Z, Babaei A, Ahmadi M, Amirkhanloo S, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchid A. Novel Strategies Using Sagacious Targeting for Site-Specific Drug Delivery in Breast Cancer Treatment: Clinical Potential and Applications. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:35-84. [PMID: 37824418 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v41.i1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, researchers have been working to achieve new strategies and smart targeting drug delivery techniques and technologies to treat breast cancer (BC). Nanotechnology presents a hopeful strategy for targeted drug delivery into the building of new therapeutics using the properties of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles are of high regard in the field of diagnosis and the treatment of cancer. The use of these nanoparticles as an encouraging approach in the treatment of various cancers has drawn the interest of researchers in recent years. In order to achieve the maximum therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of BC, combination therapy has also been adopted, leading to minimal side effects and thus an enhancement in the quality of life for patients. This review article compares, discusses and criticizes the approaches to treat BC using novel design strategies and smart targeting of site-specific drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Melika Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shervin Amirkhanloo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchid
- Lupin Pharmaceutical Research Center, Coral Springs, Florida, USA; Pharmaceutics Research Lab, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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28
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Odunitan TT, Saibu OA, Apanisile BT, Omoboyowa DA, Balogun TA, Awe AV, Ajayi TM, Olagunju GV, Mahmoud FM, Akinboade M, Adeniji CB, Abdulazeez WO. Integrating biocomputational techniques for Breast cancer drug discovery via the HER-2, BCRA, VEGF and ER protein targets. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107737. [PMID: 38000249 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Computational modelling remains an indispensable technique in drug discovery. With myriad of high computing resources, and improved modelling algorithms, there has been a high-speed in the drug development cycle with promising success rate compared to the traditional route. For example, lapatinib; a well-known anticancer drug with clinical applications was discovered with computational drug design techniques. Similarly, molecular modelling has been applied to various disease areas ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases. The techniques ranges from high-throughput virtual screening, molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface area solvation (MM/GBSA) to molecular dynamics simulation. This review focuses on the application of computational modelling tools in the identification of drug candidates for Breast cancer. First, we begin with a succinct overview of molecular modelling in the drug discovery process. Next, we take note of special efforts on the developments and applications of combining these techniques with particular emphasis on possible breast cancer therapeutic targets such as estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1), and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2). Finally, we discussed the search for covalent inhibitors against these receptors using computational techniques, advances, pitfalls, possible solutions, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tope T Odunitan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A Saibu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
| | - Boluwatife T Apanisile
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Damilola A Omoboyowa
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Toheeb A Balogun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adeyoola V Awe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Lead City, University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope M Ajayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Grace V Olagunju
- Department of Molecular Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Fatimah M Mahmoud
- Department of Molecular Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Modinat Akinboade
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Catherine B Adeniji
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Waliu O Abdulazeez
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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29
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Han SY, Yu JE, You BH, Kim SY, Bae M, Chae HS, Chin YW, Hong SH, Lee JH, Jung SH, Choi YH. No Interference of H9 Extract on Trastuzumab Pharmacokinetics in Their Combinations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16677. [PMID: 38068999 PMCID: PMC10706748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is used to treat breast cancer patients overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, but resistance and toxicity limit its uses, leading to attention to trastuzumab combinations. Recently, the synergistic effect of trastuzumab and H9 extract (H9) combination against breast cancer has been reported. Because drug exposure determines its efficacy and toxicity, the question of whether H9 changes trastuzumab exposure in the body has been raised. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize trastuzumab pharmacokinetics and elucidate the effect of H9 on trastuzumab pharmacokinetics at a combination dose that shows synergism in mice. As a result, trastuzumab showed linear pharmacokinetics after its intravenous administration from 1 to 10 mg/kg. In the combination of trastuzumab and H9, single and 2-week treatments of oral H9 (500 mg/kg) did not influence trastuzumab pharmacokinetics. In the multiple-combination treatments of trastuzumab and H9 showing their synergistic effect (3 weeks of trastuzumab with 2 weeks of H9), the pharmacokinetic profile of trastuzumab was comparable to that of 3 weeks of trastuzumab alone. In tissue distribution, the tissue to plasma ratios of trastuzumab below 1.0 indicated its limited distributions within the tissues, and these patterns were unaffected by H9. These results suggest that the systemic and local exposures of trastuzumab are unchanged by single and multiple-combination treatments of H9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yon Han
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Jeong-Eun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Seo-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Mingoo Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo-Hwa Hong
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Bundang Korean Medicine Hospital, Seongnam-si 13601, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju-si 38066, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Seung Hyun Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju-si 38066, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
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30
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Atmaca H, Ilhan S, Dundar BA, Zora M. Bioevaluation of Spiro N-Propargylic β-Enaminones as Anti-Breast Cancer Agents: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301228. [PMID: 37837366 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the in vitro inhibitory activities of spiro N-propargylic β-enaminones, SPEs 1-31, against BCa cells, to perform in silico molecular docking studies to understand the nature of the interaction between the compounds and the ERα, PR, EGFR, and Her2, and to determine the ADMET and drug-likeness properties. Cytotoxic activity was investigated via MTT assay. DNA fragmentation was evaluated via ELISA assay. Cell cycle distributions were investigated by flow cytometry. Expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, p21 and Cyclin D1 were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Molecular docking was done using Autodock/vina software. ADMET analysis was calculated using the ADMETlab 2.0 tool. SPEs 1, 22, and 28 showed selective cytotoxic activity against all BCa cells with SI values >2. SPEs induced apoptosis and caused significant changes in Bcl-2 and Bax levels. The cell cycle was arrested at the S phase and levels of p21 and Cyclin D1 were induced in all BCa cells. Molecular docking analysis revealed that SPE1, SPE22, and SPE28 showed high binding affinities with ERα, PR, EGFR, and Her2. ADMET analysis revealed that SPEs are drug-like compounds as they obey the five rules of Lipinsky and are not toxic. Therefore, these potential anticancer compounds should be further validated by in vivo studies for their appropriate function in human health with a safety profile, and a comprehensive drug interaction study should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Atmaca
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Ilhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Buse Aysen Dundar
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Zora
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Saleh GA, Batouty NM, Gamal A, Elnakib A, Hamdy O, Sharafeldeen A, Mahmoud A, Ghazal M, Yousaf J, Alhalabi M, AbouEleneen A, Tolba AE, Elmougy S, Contractor S, El-Baz A. Impact of Imaging Biomarkers and AI on Breast Cancer Management: A Brief Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5216. [PMID: 37958390 PMCID: PMC10650187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stands out as the most frequently identified malignancy, ranking as the fifth leading cause of global cancer-related deaths. The American College of Radiology (ACR) introduced the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) as a standard terminology facilitating communication between radiologists and clinicians; however, an update is now imperative to encompass the latest imaging modalities developed subsequent to the 5th edition of BI-RADS. Within this review article, we provide a concise history of BI-RADS, delve into advanced mammography techniques, ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET/CT images, and microwave breast imaging, and subsequently furnish comprehensive, updated insights into Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI), diagnostic imaging biomarkers, and the assessment of treatment responses. This endeavor aims to enhance radiologists' proficiency in catering to the personalized needs of breast cancer patients. Lastly, we explore the augmented benefits of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) applications in segmenting, detecting, and diagnosing breast cancer, as well as the early prediction of the response of tumors to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). By assimilating state-of-the-art computer algorithms capable of deciphering intricate imaging data and aiding radiologists in rendering precise and effective diagnoses, AI has profoundly revolutionized the landscape of breast cancer radiology. Its vast potential holds the promise of bolstering radiologists' capabilities and ameliorating patient outcomes in the realm of breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad A. Saleh
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (G.A.S.)
| | - Nihal M. Batouty
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (G.A.S.)
| | - Abdelrahman Gamal
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt (A.E.T.)
| | - Ahmed Elnakib
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, PA 16563, USA;
| | - Omar Hamdy
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncology Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Sharafeldeen
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Mohammed Ghazal
- Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates; (M.G.)
| | - Jawad Yousaf
- Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates; (M.G.)
| | - Marah Alhalabi
- Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates; (M.G.)
| | - Amal AbouEleneen
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt (A.E.T.)
| | - Ahmed Elsaid Tolba
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt (A.E.T.)
- The Higher Institute of Engineering and Automotive Technology and Energy, New Heliopolis, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Samir Elmougy
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt (A.E.T.)
| | - Sohail Contractor
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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32
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Debets DO, Stecker KE, Piskopou A, Liefaard MC, Wesseling J, Sonke GS, Lips EH, Altelaar M. Deep (phospho)proteomics profiling of pre- treatment needle biopsies identifies signatures of treatment resistance in HER2 + breast cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101203. [PMID: 37794585 PMCID: PMC10591042 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with early-stage HER2-overexpressing breast cancer struggle with treatment resistance in 20%-40% of cases. More information is needed to predict HER2 therapy response and resistance in vivo. In this study, we perform (phospho)proteomics analysis of pre-treatment HER2+ needle biopsies of early-stage invasive breast cancer to identify molecular signatures predictive of treatment response to trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and chemotherapy. Our data show that accurate quantification of the estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 biomarkers, combined with the assessment of associated biological features, has the potential to enable better treatment outcome prediction. In addition, we identify cellular mechanisms that potentially precondition tumors to resist therapy. We find proteins with expression changes that correlate with resistance and constitute to a strong predictive signature for treatment success in our patient cohort. Our results highlight the multifactorial nature of drug resistance in vivo and demonstrate the necessity of deep tumor profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna O Debets
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly E Stecker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Piskopou
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marte C Liefaard
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gabe S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther H Lips
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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33
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Gou X, Kim BJ, Anurag M, Lei JT, Young MN, Holt MV, Fandino D, Vollert CT, Singh P, Alzubi MA, Malovannaya A, Dobrolecki LE, Lewis MT, Li S, Foulds CE, Ellis MJ. Kinome Reprogramming Is a Targetable Vulnerability in ESR1 Fusion-Driven Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3237-3251. [PMID: 37071495 PMCID: PMC10543968 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptionally active ESR1 fusions (ESR1-TAF) are a potent cause of breast cancer endocrine therapy (ET) resistance. ESR1-TAFs are not directly druggable because the C-terminal estrogen/anti-estrogen-binding domain is replaced with translocated in-frame partner gene sequences that confer constitutive transactivation. To discover alternative treatments, a mass spectrometry (MS)-based kinase inhibitor pulldown assay (KIPA) was deployed to identify druggable kinases that are upregulated by diverse ESR1-TAFs. Subsequent explorations of drug sensitivity validated RET kinase as a common therapeutic vulnerability despite remarkable ESR1-TAF C-terminal sequence and structural diversity. Organoids and xenografts from a pan-ET-resistant patient-derived xenograft model that harbors the ESR1-e6>YAP1 TAF were concordantly inhibited by the selective RET inhibitor pralsetinib to a similar extent as the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Together, these findings provide preclinical rationale for clinical evaluation of RET inhibition for the treatment of ESR1-TAF-driven ET-resistant breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Kinome analysis of ESR1 translocated and mutated breast tumors using drug bead-based mass spectrometry followed by drug-sensitivity studies nominates RET as a therapeutic target. See related commentary by Wu and Subbiah, p. 3159.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Gou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meenakshi Anurag
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan T. Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meggie N. Young
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew V. Holt
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana Fandino
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig T. Vollert
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Employee of Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Los Angeles
| | - Purba Singh
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mohammad A. Alzubi
- Employee of Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Los Angeles
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lacey E. Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael T. Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles E. Foulds
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew J. Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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34
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Downs-Canner S, Mittendorf EA. Selecting Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients for Immunotherapy. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2023; 32:733-745. [PMID: 37714640 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The approval of preoperative immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is a practice-changing advance for patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. The optimal patient selection requires careful attention to staging and balancing potential risks with expected benefits, particularly as it relates to immune-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Downs-Canner
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA. https://twitter.com/SDownsCanner
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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35
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Bansal I, Pandey AK, Ruwali M. Small-molecule inhibitors of kinases in breast cancer therapy: recent advances, opportunities, and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1244597. [PMID: 37711177 PMCID: PMC10498465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1244597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and despite significant advancements in detection, treatment, and management of cancer, it is still the leading cause of malignancy related deaths in women. Understanding the fundamental biology of breast cancer and creating fresh diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have gained renewed focus in recent studies. In the onset and spread of breast cancer, a group of enzymes known as kinases are extremely important. Small-molecule kinase inhibitors have become a promising class of medications for the treatment of breast cancer owing to their capacity to specifically target kinases involved in the growth and progression of cancer. The creation of targeted treatments that block these kinases and the signalling pathways that they activate has completely changed how breast cancer is treated. Many of these targeted treatments have been approved for the treatment of breast cancer as clinical trials have demonstrated their great efficacy. CDK4/6 inhibitors, like palbociclib, abemaciclib, and ribociclib, EGFR inhibitors such as gefitinib and erlotinib and HER2-targeting small-molecule kinases like neratinib and tucatinib are some examples that have shown potential in treating breast cancer. Yet, there are still difficulties in the development of targeted medicines for breast cancer, such as figuring out which patient subgroups may benefit from these therapies and dealing with drug resistance problems. Notwithstanding these difficulties, kinase-targeted treatments for breast cancer still have a lot of potential. The development of tailored medicines will continue to be fuelled by the identification of novel targets and biomarkers for breast cancer as a result of advancements in genomic and proteomic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Bansal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Ahmedabad), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Munindra Ruwali
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Pegram M, Pietras R, Dang CT, Murthy R, Bachelot T, Janni W, Sharma P, Hamilton E, Saura C. Evolving perspectives on the treatment of HR+/HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231187201. [PMID: 37576607 PMCID: PMC10422890 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231187201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) with expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) protein and with overexpression/amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), termed hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2+ BC, represents ∼10% of all BCs in the United States. HR+/HER2+ BC includes HER2+ BCs that are ER+, PR+, or both ER+ and PR+ (triple-positive BC). Although the current guideline-recommended treatment combination of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy is an effective first-line therapy for many patients with HER2+ advanced disease, intratumoral heterogeneity within the HR+/HER2+ subtype and differences between the HR+/HER2+ subtype and the HR-/HER2+ subtype suggest that other targeted combinations could be investigated in randomized clinical trials for patients with HR+/HER2+ BC. In addition, published data indicate that crosstalk between HRs and HER2 can lead to treatment resistance. Dual HR and HER2 pathway targeting has been shown to be a rational approach to effective and well-tolerated therapy for patients with tumors driven by HER2 and HR, as it may prevent development of resistance by blocking receptor pathway crosstalk. However, clinical trial data for such approaches are limited. Treatments to attenuate other signaling pathways involved in receptor crosstalk are also under investigation for inclusion in dual receptor targeting regimens. These include cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, based on the rationale that association of CDK4/6 with cyclin D1 may play a role in resistance to HER2-directed therapies, and others such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibitors. Herein, we will review the scientific and clinical rationale for combined receptor blockade targeting HER2 and ER for patients with advanced-stage HR+/HER2+ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pegram
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building/SIM 1, 265 Campus Drive, Ste G2103, Stanford, CA 94305-5456, USA
| | - Richard Pietras
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chau T. Dang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rashmi Murthy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Erika Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cristina Saura
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Medical Oncology Service, Barcelona, Spain
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Bou Antoun N, Chioni AM. Dysregulated Signalling Pathways Driving Anticancer Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12222. [PMID: 37569598 PMCID: PMC10418675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of death worldwide, in both men and women, is cancer. Despite the significant development in therapeutic strategies, the inevitable emergence of drug resistance limits the success and impedes the curative outcome. Intrinsic and acquired resistance are common mechanisms responsible for cancer relapse. Several factors crucially regulate tumourigenesis and resistance, including physical barriers, tumour microenvironment (TME), heterogeneity, genetic and epigenetic alterations, the immune system, tumour burden, growth kinetics and undruggable targets. Moreover, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Notch, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), integrin-extracellular matrix (ECM), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), wingless-related integration site (Wnt/β-catenin), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) and RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways are some of the key players that have a pivotal role in drug resistance mechanisms. To guide future cancer treatments and improve results, a deeper comprehension of drug resistance pathways is necessary. This review covers both intrinsic and acquired resistance and gives a comprehensive overview of recent research on mechanisms that enable cancer cells to bypass barriers put up by treatments, and, like "satellite navigation", find alternative routes by which to carry on their "journey" to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athina-Myrto Chioni
- School of Life Sciences Pharmacy and Chemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Department, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
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Liu H, Ruan S, Larsen ME, Tan C, Liu B, Lyu H. Trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells-derived tumor xenograft models exhibit distinct sensitivity to lapatinib treatment in vivo. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:19. [PMID: 37370010 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to HER2-targeted therapies, including the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, frequently occurs and currently represents a significant clinical challenge in the management of HER2-positive breast cancer. We previously showed that the trastuzumab-resistant SKBR3-pool2 and BT474-HR20 sublines were refractory to lapatinib in vitro as compared to the parental SKBR3 and BT474 cells, respectively. The in vivo efficacy of lapatinib against trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer remained unclear. RESULTS In tumor xenograft models, both SKBR3-pool2- and BT474-HR20-derived tumors retained their resistance phenotype to trastuzumab; however, those tumors responded differently to the treatment with lapatinib. While lapatinib markedly suppressed growth of SKBR3-pool2-derived tumors, it slightly attenuated BT474-HR20 tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that lapatinib neither affected the expression of HER3, nor altered the levels of phosphorylated HER3 and FOXO3a in vivo. Interestingly, lapatinib treatment significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated Akt and upregulated the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) in the tumors-derived from BT474-HR20, but not SKBR3-pool2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that SKBR3-pool2-derived tumors were highly sensitive to lapatinib treatment, whereas BT474-HR20 tumors exhibited resistance to lapatinib. It seemed that the inefficacy of lapatinib against BT474-HR20 tumors in vivo was attributed to lapatinib-induced upregulation of IRS1 and activation of Akt. Thus, the tumor xenograft models-derived from SKBR3-pool2 and BT474-HR20 cells serve as an excellent in vivo system to test the efficacy of other HER2-targeted therapies and novel agents to overcome trastuzumab resistance against HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sanbao Ruan
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Margaret E Larsen
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Congcong Tan
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Bolin Liu
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Hui Lyu
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Bragina O, Chernov V, Schulga A, Konovalova E, Hober S, Deyev S, Sörensen J, Tolmachev V. Direct Intra-Patient Comparison of Scaffold Protein-Based Tracers, [ 99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 and [ 99mTc]Tc-(HE) 3-G3, for Imaging of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3149. [PMID: 37370758 PMCID: PMC10296685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous Phase I clinical evaluations of the radiolabelled scaffold proteins [99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 and DARPin [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 in breast cancer patients have demonstrated their safety and indicated their capability to discriminate between HER2-positive and HER2-negative tumours. The objective of this study was to compare the imaging of HER2-positive tumours in the same patients using [99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 and [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3. Eleven treatment-naïve female patients (26-65 years) with HER2-positive primary and metastatic breast cancer were included in the study. Each patient was intravenously injected with [99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6, followed by an [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 injection 3-4 days later and chest SPECT/CT was performed. All primary tumours were clearly visualized using both tracers. The uptake of [99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 in primary tumours (SUVmax = 4.7 ± 2.1) was significantly higher (p < 0.005) than the uptake of [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 (SUVmax = 3.5 ± 1.7). There was no significant difference in primary tumour-to-contralateral site values for [99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 (15.2 ± 7.4) and [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 (19.6 ± 12.4). All known lymph node metastases were visualized using both tracers. The uptake of [99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 in all extrahepatic soft tissue lesions was significantly (p < 0.0004) higher than the uptake of [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3. In conclusion, [99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 and [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 are suitable for the visualization of HER2-positive breast cancer. At the selected time points, [99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 has a significantly higher uptake in soft tissue lesions, which might be an advantage for the visualization of small metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bragina
- Department of Nuclear Therapy and Diagnostic, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (O.B.)
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.S.); (E.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Vladimir Chernov
- Department of Nuclear Therapy and Diagnostic, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (O.B.)
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.S.); (E.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Alexey Schulga
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.S.); (E.K.); (S.D.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Konovalova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.S.); (E.K.); (S.D.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Sergey Deyev
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.S.); (E.K.); (S.D.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jens Sörensen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.S.); (E.K.); (S.D.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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Li Q, Xu J, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Yao H. The global patent landscape of HER2-targeted biologics. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:756-764. [PMID: 37316732 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Tumor Centre, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qianshu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zebang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Tumor Centre, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Tumor Centre, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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41
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Zakaria NH, Hashad D, Saied MH, Hegazy N, Elkayal A, Tayae E. Genetic mutations in HER2-positive breast cancer: possible association with response to trastuzumab therapy. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:43. [PMID: 37202799 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2-positive breast cancer occurs in 15-20% of breast cancer patients and is characterized by poor prognosis. Trastuzumab is considered the key drug for treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. It improves patient survival; however, resistance to trastuzumab remains a challenge in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Therefore, the prediction of response to trastuzumab is crucial to choose optimal treatment regimens. The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants that could predict response to anti-HER2-targeted therapy (trastuzumab) using next-generation sequencing. METHOD Genetic variants in the hotspot regions of 17 genes were studied in 24 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples using Ion S5 next-generation sequencing system. FFPE samples were collected from HER2‑positive breast cancer patients previously treated with anti‑HER2‑targeted treatment (Trastuzumab). Patients were divided into two groups; trastuzumab-sensitive group and trastuzumab-resistant group based on their response to targeted therapy. RESULTS We identified 29 genetic variants in nine genes that only occurred in trastuzumab-resistant patients and could be associated with resistance to targeted therapy including TP53, ATM, RB1, MLH1, SMARCB1, SMO, GNAS, CDH1, and VHL. Four variants out of these 29 variants were repeated in more than one patient; two variants in TP53, one variant in ATM gene, and the last variant in RB1 gene. In addition, three genes were found to be mutated only in resistant patients; MLH1, SMARCB1 and SMO genes. Moreover, one novel allele (c.407A > G, p. Gln136Arg) was detected within exon 4 of TP53 gene in one resistant patient. CONCLUSION NGS sequencing is a useful tool to detect genetic variants that could predict response to trastuzumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermine H Zakaria
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa Hashad
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Saied
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Neamat Hegazy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Elkayal
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Tayae
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Popović M, Silovski T, Križić M, Dedić Plavetić N. HER2 Low Breast Cancer: A New Subtype or a Trojan for Cytotoxic Drug Delivery? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098206. [PMID: 37175916 PMCID: PMC10179462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great progress made in the understanding of the biological behavior of certain types of invasive breast cancer, there is still no single histological or molecular classification that encompasses such diversity and accurately predicts the clinical course of distinct breast cancer subtypes. The long-lasting classification of breast cancer as HER2-positive vs. HER2-negative has recently come into question with the discovery of new antibody drug conjugates (ADC), which are proven to be remarkably efficient in treating HER2-low breast cancer. The HER2-low paradigm has challenged the traditional understanding of HER2 overexpression and emphasized the need for more robust HER2 testing in order to encompass HER2 intratumoral heterogeneity and spatial distribution more accurately. It is yet to be seen if low HER2 will remain merely a marker of HER2-equipped tumors targetable with ADCs or if distinctive molecular and phenotypic groups within HER2-low tumors will eventually be discerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Popović
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Silovski
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Križić
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalija Dedić Plavetić
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Zhang XN, Gao Y, Zhang XY, Guo NJ, Hou WQ, Wang SW, Zheng YC, Wang N, Liu HM, Wang B. Detailed curriculum vitae of HER2-targeted therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108417. [PMID: 37075933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
With the booming development of precision medicine, molecular targeted therapy has been widely used in clinical oncology treatment due to a smaller number of side effects and its superior accuracy compared to that of traditional strategies. Among them, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy has attracted considerable attention and has been used in the clinical treatment of breast and gastric cancer. Despite excellent clinical effects, HER2-targeted therapy remains in its infancy due to its resulting inherent and acquired resistance. Here, a comprehensive overview of HER2 in numerous cancers is presented, including its biological role, involved signaling pathways, and the status of HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning-Jie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Wu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Chuang TC, Fang GS, Hsu SC, Lee YJ, Shao WS, Wang V, Lee SL, Kao MC, Ou CC. Baicalein suppresses HER2-mediated malignant transformation of HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells by downregulating HER2 gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36988316 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The upregulation of the HER2 oncogene is associated with a variety of human cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. Baicalein is reported to have anti-tumor activity, but the molecular mechanism of this effect in HER2-positive cancer cells has not been studied. In this study, our data showed that baicalein can inhibit the proliferation and transformation potential of ovarian cancer cells overexpressing HER2. Baicalein treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of HER2 gene expression at the transcriptional level. Baicalein acted on ovarian cancer cells overexpressing HER2 to downregulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway downstream of HER2 and inhibit the expression or activity of downstream targets, such as VEGF and cyclin D1 and MMP2. Oral administration of baicalein supplemented with a pharmaceutical excipient significantly inhibited the growth of HER2-overexpressing ovarian SKOV-3 cancer xenografts in mice. These results suggest that downregulation of HER2 gene expression by baicalein at the transcriptional level contributes to inhibit the in vitro and in vivo proliferation and HER2-mediated malignant transformation of HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chao Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guan-Shiun Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chung Hsu
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, University of Kang Ning, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Jen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Syun Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Vinchi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shou-Lun Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Ching Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chih Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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45
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Romagnoli D, Nardone A, Galardi F, Paoli M, De Luca F, Biagioni C, Franceschini GM, Pestrin M, Sanna G, Moretti E, Demichelis F, Migliaccio I, Biganzoli L, Malorni L, Benelli M. MIMESIS: minimal DNA-methylation signatures to quantify and classify tumor signals in tissue and cell-free DNA samples. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6991124. [PMID: 36653909 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-methylation alterations are common in cancer and display unique characteristics that make them ideal markers for tumor quantification and classification. Here we present MIMESIS, a computational framework exploiting minimal DNA-methylation signatures composed by a few dozen informative DNA-methylation sites to quantify and classify tumor signals in tissue and cell-free DNA samples. Extensive analyses of multiple independent and heterogenous datasets including >7200 samples demonstrate the capability of MIMESIS to provide precise estimations of tumor content and to enable accurate classification of tumor type and molecular subtype. To assess our framework for clinical applications, we designed a MIMESIS-informed assay incorporating the minimal signatures for breast cancer. Using both artificial samples and clinical serial cell-free DNA samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer, we show that our approach provides accurate estimations of tumor content, sensitive detection of tumor signal and the ability to capture clinically relevant molecular subtype in patients' circulation. This study provides evidence that our extremely parsimonious approach can be used to develop cost-effective and highly scalable DNA-methylation assays that could support and facilitate the implementation of precision oncology in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agostina Nardone
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Francesca Galardi
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Marta Paoli
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca De Luca
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Chiara Biagioni
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Medical Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Franceschini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Marta Pestrin
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34170 Gorizia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Medical Oncology, Ospedale Civile SS Annunziata, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Erica Moretti
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Medical Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ilenia Migliaccio
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Laura Biganzoli
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Medical Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Luca Malorni
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Medical Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Matteo Benelli
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Medical Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy
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46
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Williams CYK, Townson AT, Terry N, Schmitt NC, Sharma A. Role of HER2 in Prognosis of Salivary Duct Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:476-484. [PMID: 35567387 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. These tumors frequently stain positive for HER2/ErbB2, but data on the prognostic significance of HER2 status in SDC are mixed. We sought to determine whether HER2 status affects survival outcomes in SDC. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to October 2020. Eligibility was restricted to studies reporting HER2/ErbB2 overexpression in histologically confirmed de novo SDC or SDC ex pleomorphic adenoma, with corresponding overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival measures. Separate multivariable and univariable meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. Statistical heterogeneity was estimated by Cochran's Q and I2 tests. Funnel plots were generated and Egger's test was used to assess for publication bias. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Of 183 unique citations, 14 studies of 663 patients were included. Most included studies determined HER2 status according to ASCO/CAP guidelines. The univariable meta-analysis did not reveal an effect between HER2 status and OS (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.84-1.42). In the multivariable analysis, HER2 positivity was associated with a HR of 1.49 for OS (95% CI 0.96-2.30). Fewer studies reported data for DFS than OS, with no relationship between HER2 status and DFS found on multivariable or univariable meta-analyses. CONCLUSION In patients with salivary duct carcinoma, HER2 positivity was not found to be associated with worse overall survival. This information may be useful when counseling patients and considering treatment options. Laryngoscope, 133:476-484, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam T Townson
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nancy Terry
- Division of Library Services, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Nicole C Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Arun Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A
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47
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Monoclonal antibodies in breast cancer: A critical appraisal. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 183:103915. [PMID: 36702424 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, mAbs can play multifunctional roles like targeting cancer cells, sometimes directly attacking them, helping in locating and delivering therapeutic drugs to targets, inhibiting cell growth and blocking immune system inhibitors, etc. Monoclonal antibodies are also one of the important successful treatment strategies especially against HER2 but they have not been explored much for other types of breast cancers especially in triple negative breast cancers. Monoclonal antibodies impact the feasibility of antigen specificity, bispecific and trispecific mAbs have opened new doors for more targeted specific efficacy. Monoclonal antibodies can be used diversly and with efficacy as compared to other methods of treatment thus maining it a suitable candidate for breast cancer treatment. However, mAbs treatment also causes various side effects such as fever, trembling, fatigue, headache and muscle pain, nausea/vomiting, difficulty in breathing, rashes and bleeding. Understanding the pros and cons of this strategy, we have explored in this review, the current and future potential capabilities of monoclonal antibodies with respect to diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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48
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Preclinical and Clinical Trials of New Treatment Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050720. [PMID: 36899854 PMCID: PMC10001180 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) can be classified into various histological subtypes, each associated with different prognoses and treatment options, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Despite advances in this area, many patients still face treatment failure, the risk of metastasis, and disease recurrence, which can ultimately lead to death. Mammary tumors, like other solid tumors, contain a population of small cells known as cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that have high tumorigenic potential and are involved in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, tumor recurrence, and resistance to therapy. Therefore, designing therapies specifically targeting at CSCs could help to control the growth of this cell population, leading to increased survival rates for BC patients. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of CSCs, their surface biomarkers, and the active signaling pathways associated with the acquisition of stemness in BC. We also cover preclinical and clinical studies that focus on evaluating new therapy systems targeted at CSCs in BC through various combinations of treatments, targeted delivery systems, and potential new drugs that inhibit the properties that allow these cells to survive and proliferate.
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49
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Yamasaki A, Maruyama-Takahashi K, Nishida K, Okazaki S, Okita K, Akiyama Y, Suzuki H, Endo Y, Masuko K, Masuko T, Tomioka Y. CD98 regulates the phosphorylation of HER2 and a bispecific anti-HER2/CD98 antibody inhibits the growth signal of human breast cancer cells. Genes Cells 2023; 28:374-382. [PMID: 36811310 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family proteins are currently major targets of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against various epithelial cancers. However, the resistance of cancer cells to HER family-targeted therapies, which may be caused by cancer heterogeneity and persistent HER phosphorylation, often reduces overall therapeutic effects. We herein showed that a newly discovered molecular complex between CD98 and HER2 affected HER function and cancer cell growth. The immunoprecipitation of the HER2 or HER3 protein from lysates of SKBR3 breast cancer (BrCa) cells revealed the HER2-CD98 or HER3-CD98 complex. The knockdown of CD98 by small interfering RNAs inhibited the phosphorylation of HER2 in SKBR3 cells. A bispecific antibody (BsAb) that recognized the HER2 and CD98 proteins was constructed from a humanized anti-HER2 (SER4) IgG and an anti-CD98 (HBJ127) single chain variable fragment, and this BsAb significantly inhibited the cell growth of SKBR3 cells. Prior to the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation, BsAb inhibited the phosphorylation of HER2, however, significant inhibition of HER2 phosphorylation was not observed in anti-HER2 pertuzumab, trastuzumab, SER4 or anti-CD98 HBJ127 in SKBR3 cells. The dual targeting of HER2 and CD98 has potential as a new therapeutic strategy for BrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitaka Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Oncology Pharmacy Practice and Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Japan.,Cell Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-shi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Maruyama-Takahashi
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry (April 1975-March 1994), Pharmaceutical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Japan
| | - Kento Nishida
- Laboratory of Oncology Pharmacy Practice and Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Japan
| | - Shogo Okazaki
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-shi, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Density, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Kouki Okita
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-shi, Japan.,Production and Manufacturing, Carna Biosciences Inc., Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Akiyama
- Laboratory of Oncology Pharmacy Practice and Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry (April 1975-March 1994), Pharmaceutical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Laboratory of Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-shi, Japan
| | - Kazue Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-shi, Japan.,Department of Hygienic Chemistry (April 1975-March 1994), Pharmaceutical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-shi, Japan.,Department of Hygienic Chemistry (April 1975-March 1994), Pharmaceutical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Japan.,Laboratory of Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-shi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- Laboratory of Oncology Pharmacy Practice and Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Japan.,Department of Hygienic Chemistry (April 1975-March 1994), Pharmaceutical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Japan
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50
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Kinnel B, Singh SK, Oprea-Ilies G, Singh R. Targeted Therapy and Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1320. [PMID: 36831661 PMCID: PMC9954028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been a large hurdle in reducing BC death rates. The drug resistance mechanisms include increased drug efflux, enhanced DNA repair, senescence escape, epigenetic alterations, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment (TME), and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which make it challenging to overcome. This review aims to explain the mechanisms of resistance in BC further, identify viable drug targets, and elucidate how those targets relate to the progression of BC and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Kinnel
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Gabriela Oprea-Ilies
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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