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BH3 mimetics and TKI combined therapy for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Biochem J 2023; 480:161-176. [PMID: 36719792 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was considered for a long time one of the most hostile leukemia that was incurable for most of the patients, predominantly due to the extreme resistance to chemotherapy. Part of the resistance to cell death (apoptosis) is the result of increased levels of anti-apoptotic and decreased levels of pro-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family induced by the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein. BCR-ABL1 is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase responsible for initiating multiple and oncogenic signaling pathways. With the development of specific BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) CML became a much more tractable disease. Nevertheless, TKIs do not cure CML patients and a substantial number of them develop intolerance or become resistant to the treatment. Therefore, novel anti-cancer strategies must be developed to treat CML patients independently or in combination with TKIs. Here, we will discuss the mechanisms of BCR-ABL1-dependent and -independent resistance to TKIs and the use of BH3-mimetics as a potential tool to fight CML.
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Hsu CM, Lin JJ, Su JH, Liu CI. 13-Acetoxysarcocrassolide induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2276-2285. [PMID: 36416062 PMCID: PMC9704080 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2145489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT 13-Acetoxysarcocrasside, isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule Moser (Alcyoniidae), has biological activity and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanisms underlying apoptosis induced by 13-acetoxysarcocrasside in HA22T and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS MTT and morphology assays were employed to assess the anti-proliferative effects of 13-acetoxysarcocrasside (1-5 μM). TUNEL/DAPI staining and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining were used to detect apoptosis. Cells were treated with13-acetoxysarcocrassolide (0, 1, 2, and 4 μM) for 24 h, and the mechanism of cells apoptotic was detected by western blotting. Cells treated with DMSO were the control. RESULTS Survival of the cells decreased with the addition of 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide, and at 4 μM cell survival was inhibited by approximately 40%. After treatment of cells with 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide, the incidence of early/late apoptosis to be 0.3%/0.5%∼5.4%/22.7% for HA22T cells, in the HePG2 cells were 0.6%/0.2%∼14.4%/23.7%. Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of Bax, Bad, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 9, cleaved-PARP-1, cytochrome c, and p-4EBP1 increased with an increasing concentration of 13-acetoxysarcocrasside (0, 1, 2, and 4 μM), whereas that of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, p-Bad, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-70S6K, p-S6, p-eIF4E, and p-eIF4B decreased. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis induced by 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide in HA22T and HepG2 cells is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. The potential of 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide as a chemotherapeutic agent should be further assessed for use in human hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Min Hsu
- Antai Medical Care Corporation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jie Lin
- Department of Research & Development, Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- Department of Science Education, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Liu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Talebpour A, Alipour R, Sajjadi SM, Osmani F, Sarab GA. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Ferula asafoetida Gum Extract on Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia K562 Cells. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Guru SA, Sumi MP, Mir AR, Beg MMA, koner BC, Saxena A. Aberrant hydroxymethylation in promoter CpG regions of genes related to the cell cycle and apoptosis characterizes advanced chronic myeloid leukemia disease, poor imatinib respondents and poor survival. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:405. [PMID: 35421941 PMCID: PMC9008925 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is strong evidence that disease progression, drug response and overall clinical outcomes of CML disease are not only decided by BCR/ABL1 oncoprotein but depend on accumulation of additional genetic and epigenetic aberrations. DNA hydroxymethylation is implicated in the development of variety of diseases. DNA hydroxymethylation in gene promoters plays important roles in disease progression, drug response and clinical outcome of various diseases. Therefore in this study, we aimed to explore the role of aberrant hydroxymethylation in promoter regions of different tumor suppressor genes in relation to CML disease progression, response to imatinib therapy and clinical outcome.
Methods
We recruited 150 CML patients at different clinical stages of the disease. Patients were followed up for 48 months and haematological/molecular responses were analysed. Haematological response was analysed by peripheral blood smear. BCR/ABL1 specific TaqMan probe based qRT-PCR was used for assessing the molecular response of CML patients on imatinib therapy. Promoter hydroxymethylation of the genes was characterized using MS-PCR.
Results
We observed that promoter hydroxymethylation of DAPK1, RIZ1, P16INK4A, RASSF1A and p14ARFARF genes characterize advanced CML disease and poor imatinib respondents. Although, cytokine signalling (SOCS1) gene was hypermethylated in advanced stages of CML and accumulated in patients with poor imatinib response, but the differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, we found hypermethylation of p14ARF, RASSF1 and p16INK4A genes and cytokine signalling gene (SOCS1) significantly associated with poor overall survival of CML patients on imatinib therapy. The results of this study are in agreement of the role of aberrant DNA methylation of different tumor suppressor genes as potential biomarkers of CML disease progression, poor imatinib response and overall clinical outcome.
Conclusion
In this study, we report that promoter hydroxymethylation of DAPK1, RIZ1, P16INK4A, RASSF1A and p14ARFARF genes is a characteristic feature of CML disease progressions, defines poor imatinib respondents and poor overall survival of CML patients to imatinib therapy.
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Anti-aging: senolytics or gerostatics (unconventional view). Oncotarget 2021; 12:1821-1835. [PMID: 34504654 PMCID: PMC8416555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Senolytics are basically anti-cancer drugs, repurposed to kill senescent cells selectively. It is even more difficult to selectively kill senescent cells than to kill cancer cells. Based on lessons of cancer therapy, here I suggest how to exploit oncogene-addiction and to combine drugs to achieve selectivity. However, even if selective senolytic combinations will be developed, there is little evidence that a few senescent cells are responsible for organismal aging. I also discuss gerostatics, such as rapamycin and other rapalogs, pan-mTOR inhibitors, dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, which inhibit growth- and aging-promoting pathways. Unlike senolytics, gerostatics do not kill cells but slow down cellular geroconversion to senescence. Numerous studies demonstrated that inhibition of the mTOR pathways by any means (genetic, pharmacological and dietary) extends lifespan. Currently, only two studies demonstrated that senolytics (fisetin and a combination Dasatinib plus Quercetin) extend lifespan in mice. These senolytics slightly inhibit the mTOR pathway. Thus, life extension by these senolytics can be explained by their slight rapamycin-like (gerostatic) effects.
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Parry N, Wheadon H, Copland M. The application of BH3 mimetics in myeloid leukemias. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:222. [PMID: 33637708 PMCID: PMC7908010 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Execution of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is controlled by the BCL-2 proteins at the level of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). This family of proteins consists of prosurvival (e.g., BCL-2, MCL-1) and proapoptotic (e.g., BIM, BAD, HRK) members, the functional balance of which dictates the activation of BAX and BAK. Once activated, BAX/BAK form pores in the MOM, resulting in cytochrome c release from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, leading to apoptosome formation, caspase activation, and cleavage of intracellular targets. This pathway is induced by cellular stress including DNA damage, cytokine and growth factor withdrawal, and chemotherapy/drug treatment. A well-documented defense of leukemia cells is to shift the balance of the BCL-2 family in favor of the prosurvival proteins to protect against such intra- and extracellular stimuli. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the prosurvival proteins, named 'BH3 mimetics', have come to the fore in recent years to treat hematological malignancies, both as single agents and in combination with standard-of-care therapies. The most significant example of these is the BCL-2-specific inhibitor venetoclax, given in combination with standard-of-care therapies with great success in AML in clinical trials. As the number and variety of available BH3 mimetics increases, and investigations into applying these novel inhibitors to treat myeloid leukemias continue apace the need to evaluate where we currently stand in this rapidly expanding field is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narissa Parry
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Forte D, García-Fernández M, Sánchez-Aguilera A, Stavropoulou V, Fielding C, Martín-Pérez D, López JA, Costa ASH, Tronci L, Nikitopoulou E, Barber M, Gallipoli P, Marando L, Fernández de Castillejo CL, Tzankov A, Dietmann S, Cavo M, Catani L, Curti A, Vázquez J, Frezza C, Huntly BJ, Schwaller J, Méndez-Ferrer S. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Support Acute Myeloid Leukemia Bioenergetics and Enhance Antioxidant Defense and Escape from Chemotherapy. Cell Metab 2020; 32:829-843.e9. [PMID: 32966766 PMCID: PMC7658808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Like normal hematopoietic stem cells, leukemic stem cells depend on their bone marrow (BM) microenvironment for survival, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We have studied the contribution of nestin+ BM mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to MLL-AF9-driven acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development and chemoresistance in vivo. Unlike bulk stroma, nestin+ BMSC numbers are not reduced in AML, but their function changes to support AML cells, at the expense of non-mutated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Nestin+ cell depletion delays leukemogenesis in primary AML mice and selectively decreases AML, but not normal, cells in chimeric mice. Nestin+ BMSCs support survival and chemotherapy relapse of AML through increased oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, and glutathione (GSH)-mediated antioxidant defense. Therefore, AML cells co-opt energy sources and antioxidant defense mechanisms from BMSCs to survive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Forte
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK; Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - María García-Fernández
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Vaia Stavropoulou
- University Children's Hospital and Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claire Fielding
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Martín-Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio López
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XZ Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Tronci
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XZ Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Michael Barber
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovica Marando
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Cavo
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Catani
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Brian J Huntly
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- University Children's Hospital and Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Goan YG, Wu WT, Liu CI, Neoh CA, Wu YJ. Involvement of Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Nobiletin-Induced Apoptosis of Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162881. [PMID: 31398899 PMCID: PMC6719163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB) is a polymethoxylated flavonoid isolated from citrus fruit peel that has been shown to possess anti-tumor, antithrombotic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities. The main purpose of this study was to explore the potential of using NOB to induce apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells and study the underlying mechanism. Using an MTT assay, agarose gel electrophoresis, a wound-healing assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis, this study investigated the signaling pathways involved in NOB-induced apoptosis in BFTC human bladder cancer cells. Our results showed that NOB at concentrations of 60, 80, and 100 μM inhibited cell growth by 42%, 62%, and 80%, respectively. Cells treated with 60 μM NOB demonstrated increased DNA fragmentation, and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the treatment caused late apoptotic cell death. Western blot analysis showed that mitochondrial dysfunction occurred in NOB-treated BFTC cells, leading to cytochrome C release into cytosol, activation of pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase-3, caspase-9, Bad, and Bax), and inhibition of anti-apoptotic proteins (Mcl-1, Bcl-xl, and Bcl-2). NOB-induced apoptosis was also mediated by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress via the PERK/elF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway, and downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Our results suggested that the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of NOB on bladder cancer cells are associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Gang Goan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Pingtung Branch, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tung Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Liu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Choo-Aun Neoh
- Department of Research, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 81363, Taiwan.
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Camalexin Induces Apoptosis via the ROS-ER Stress-Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway in AML Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7426950. [PMID: 30538806 PMCID: PMC6261074 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7426950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Camalexin is a phytoalexin that accumulates in various cruciferous plants upon exposure to environmental stress and plant pathogens. It was shown that camalexin has potent antitumor properties, but its underlying mechanisms are still elusive. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of camalexin on human leukemic cells and normal polymorph nuclear cells. CCK-8 assay was used to determine cell viability after camalexin treatment. Apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured by flow cytometry. The activity of SOD, catalase, and ratio of GSH/GSSG were assayed. ER stress and apoptotic signaling pathway was examined by Western blot. Xenograft mice were used to verify the effect of camalexin in vivo. Our results indicated that camalexin inhibited viability of leukemic but not normal polymorph nuclear cells. Furthermore, camalexin induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in a caspase-dependent manner. We also observed ER stress is located upstream of apoptosis induced by camalexin. Besides, ROS levels, SOD activity, CAT activity, and GSSG levels were significantly enhanced while the GSH level was decreased after treatment of camalexin. In addition, the generation of ROS is critical for the ER stress and apoptosis induced by camalexin. Finally, administration of camalexin suppresses xenograft tumor graft growth without obvious toxicity. Taken together, this study indicates that camalexin exerts antitumor effects against leukemia cells via the ROS-ER stress-mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Vitkeviciene A, Baksiene S, Borutinskaite V, Navakauskiene R. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and BIX-01294 have different impact on epigenetics and senescence modulation in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 838:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The role of XIAP in resistance to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in Leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1010-1019. [PMID: 30257312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment for leukemic malignancies remains a challenge despite the wide use of conventional chemotherapies. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are highly demanded. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) represents a targeted therapy against cancer because it induces apoptosis only in tumor cells. TRAIL is currently under investigation for the treatment of leukemia. Preclinical studies evaluated the potential therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL on cell lines and clinical samples and showed promising results. However, like most anti-cancer drugs, resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis may limit its clinical efficacy. It is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms of TRAIL. Therefore, rational therapeutic drug combinations for clinical trials of TRAIL-based therapies might be achieved. In a variety of leukemic cells, overexpression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), a negative regulator of apoptosis pathway, has been discovered. Implication of XIAP in the ineffective induction of cell death by TRAIL in leukemia has been explored in several resistant cell lines. XIAP inhibitors restored TRAIL sensitivity in resistant cells and primary leukemic blasts. Moreover, TRAIL resistance in leukemic cells could be overcome by the effects of several anti-leukemic agents via the mechanisms of XIAP downregulation. Here, we discuss targeting XIAP, a strategy to restore TRAIL sensitivity in leukemia to acquire more insights into the mechanisms of TRAIL resistance. The concluding remarks may lead to identify putative ways to resensitize tumors.
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The Effect of Bornyl cis-4-Hydroxycinnamate on Melanoma Cell Apoptosis Is Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051370. [PMID: 29734677 PMCID: PMC5983650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bornyl cis-4-hydroxycinnamate, an active compound isolated from Piper betle stems, was investigated in terms of its effects on A2058 and A375 melanoma cell proliferation and protein expression in this study. We used flow cytometric analysis to examine the early stages of apoptosis induced by bornyl cis-4-hydroxycinnamate in the two melanoma cell lines and employed comparative proteomic analysis to investigate the effects of this compound on protein expression in A375 cells. Master maps generated by PDQuest software from two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis of A375 cells showed that the expression levels of 35 proteins were significantly altered, with 18 proteins upregulated and 17 downregulated. The proteomics study identified several proteins that are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), in addition to apoptosis-associated proteins, including prohibitin, hypoxia-upregulated protein 1, stress 70 protein, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and protein deglycase DJ-1 (protein DJ-1) in melanoma cells exposed to bornyl cis-4-hydroxycinnamate. The treatment also resulted in a marked decline of the mitochondrial membrane potential, in cytochrome C release into the cytosol, in the activation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter protein (Bad), caspase-3, and caspase-9, and in the decreased expression of p-Bad, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-xl, and induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein-1 (Mcl-1), indicating that apoptosis induced by bornyl cis-4-hydroxycinnamate was mediated by the mitochondria through the caspase-dependent pathway. Also, salubrinal (an eukaryotic initiation factor 2α inhibitor; eIF2α inhibitor) was able to protect the cells from bornyl cis-4-hydroxycinnamate-induced apoptosis. Bornyl cis-4-hydroxycinnamate-related cell death also implied that the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)–eIF2α–ATF4–CHOP signal pathways was activated upon bornyl cis-4-hydroxycinnamate treatment. Altogether, our results support the conclusion that bornyl cis-4-hydroxycinnamate-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells is associated with mechanisms correlated with the activation of caspase cascades, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and indicate that this molecule has the potential to be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent for human melanoma.
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7-Acetylsinumaximol B Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells through Mitochondria Dysfunction and Activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP Signaling Pathway. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16040104. [PMID: 29587440 PMCID: PMC5923391 DOI: 10.3390/md16040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7-Acetylsinumaximol B (7-AB), a bioactive cembranoid, was originally discovered from aquaculture soft coral Sinularia sandensis. The current study investigated the anti-proliferative property of 7-AB towards the NCI-N87 human gastric cancer cell line. An MTT cell proliferative assay was applied to evaluate cell survival, and immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were employed to analyze the effects of 7-AB on autophagy and apoptosis. Our results showed that 7-AB exerted a concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effect on NCI-N87 cells, and fluorescence staining indicated that the effect was due to the apoptosis induced by 7-AB. In addition, the 7-AB-induced anti-proliferation towards NCI-N87 cells was associated with the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of pro-apoptotic proteins (such as caspase-3/-9, Bax and Bad), and inhibition of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1). The 7-AB treatment also triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to activation of the PERK/elF2α/ATF4/CHOP apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, 7-AB initiated autophagy in NCI-N87 cells and induced the expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Atg3, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, LC3-I, and LC3-II. Taken together, our findings suggested that 7-AB has the potential to be further developed as a useful anti-cancer or adjuvant agent for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
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Microfluidic cell sorting by stiffness to examine heterogenic responses of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:239. [PMID: 29445159 PMCID: PMC5833447 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancers consist of a heterogeneous populations of cells that may respond differently to treatment through drug-resistant sub-populations. The scarcity of these resistant sub-populations makes it challenging to understand how to counter their resistance. We report a label-free microfluidic approach to separate cancer cells treated with chemotherapy into sub-populations enriched in chemoresistant and chemosensitive cells based on the differences in cellular stiffness. The sorting approach enabled analysis of the molecular distinctions between resistant and sensitive cells. Consequently, the role of multiple mechanisms of drug resistance was identified, including decreased sensitivity to apoptosis, enhanced metabolism, and extrusion of drugs, and, for the first time, the role of estrogen receptor in drug resistance of leukemia cells. To validate these findings, several inhibitors for the identified resistance pathways were tested with chemotherapy to increase cytotoxicity sevenfold. Thus, microfluidic sorting can identify molecular mechanisms of drug resistance to examine heterogeneous responses of cancers to therapies.
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15
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Bortezomib-induced miRNAs direct epigenetic silencing of locus genes and trigger apoptosis in leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3167. [PMID: 29120412 PMCID: PMC5775404 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to repress transcription via binding the 3′-untranslated regions of mRNAs. However, the involvement and details of miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation, particularly in targeting genomic DNA and mediating epigenetic regulation, remain largely uninvestigated. In the present study, transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD) was responsive to the anticancer drug bortezomib, a clinical and highly selective drug for leukemia treatment, and contributed to bortezomib-induced cell death. Interestingly, following the identification of CEBPD-induced miRNAs, we found that miR-744, miR-3154 and miR-3162 could target CpG islands in the 5′-flanking region of the CEBPD gene. We previously demonstrated that the Yin Yang 1 (YY1)/polycomb group (PcG) protein/DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) complex is important for CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD) gene inactivation; we further found that Argonaute 2 (Ago2) interacts with YY1 and binds to the CEBPD promoter. The miRNA/Ago2/YY1/PcG group protein/DNMT complex linked the inactivation of CEBPD and genes adjacent to its 5′-flanking region, including protein kinase DNA-activated catalytic polypeptide (PRKDC), minichromosome maintenance-deficient 4 (MCM4) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 2 (UBE2V2), upon bortezomib treatment. Moreover, we revealed that miRNA binding is necessary for YY1/PcG group protein/DNMT complex-mediated epigenetic gene silencing and is associated with bortezomib-induced methylation on genomic DNA. The present study successfully characterized the interactions of the miRNA/Ago2/YY1/PcG group protein/DNMT complex and provided new insights for miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation in bortezomib-induced leukemic cell arrest and cell death.
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16
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BCR-ABL1-induced downregulation of WASP in chronic myeloid leukemia involves epigenetic modification and contributes to malignancy. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3114. [PMID: 29022901 PMCID: PMC5680580 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease caused by the BCR–ABL1 tyrosine kinase (TK). The development of TK inhibitors (TKIs) revolutionized the treatment of CML patients. However, TKIs are not effective to those at advanced phases when amplified BCR–ABL1 levels and increased genomic instability lead to secondary oncogenic modifications. Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) is an important regulator of signaling transduction in hematopoietic cells and was shown to be an endogenous inhibitor of the c-ABL TK. Here, we show that the expression of WASP decreases with the progression of CML, inversely correlates with the expression of BCR–ABL1 and is particularly low in blast crisis. Enforced expression of BCR–ABL1 negatively regulates the expression of WASP. Decreased expression of WASP is partially due to DNA methylation of the proximal WASP promoter. Importantly, lower levels of WASP in CML advanced phase patients correlate with poorer overall survival (OS) and is associated with TKI response. Interestingly, enforced expression of WASP in BCR–ABL1-positive K562 cells increases the susceptibility to apoptosis induced by TRAIL or chemotherapeutic drugs and negatively modulates BCR–ABL1-induced tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data reveal a novel molecular mechanism that operates in BCR–ABL1-induced tumorigenesis that can be used to develop new strategies to help TKI-resistant, CML patients in blast crisis (BC).
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17
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Moreno-Lorenzana D, Avilés-Vazquez S, Sandoval Esquivel MA, Alvarado-Moreno A, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Torres-Martínez H, Ayala-Sánchez M, Mayani H, Chavez-Gonzalez A. CDKIs p18(INK4c) and p57(Kip2) are involved in quiescence of CML leukemic stem cells after treatment with TKI. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:1276-87. [PMID: 26985855 PMCID: PMC4889309 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1160976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is sustained by a small population of cells with stem cell characteristics known as Leukemic Stem Cells that are positive to BCR-ABL fusion protein, involved with several abnormalities in cell proliferation, expansion, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Current treatment options for CML involve the use of Tirosine Kinase Inhibitor (Imatinib, Nilotinib and Dasatinib), that efficiently reduce proliferation proliferative cells but do not kill non proliferating CML primitive cells that remain and contributes to the persistence of the disease. In order to understand the role of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in CML LSC permanence after TKI treatment, in this study we analyzed cell cycle status, the levels of several CDKIs and the subcellular localization of such molecules in different CML cell lines, as well as primary CD34+CD38−lin− LSC and HSC. Our results demonstrate that cellular location of p18INK4c and p57Kip2 seems to be implicated in the antiproliferative activity of Imatinib and Dasatinib in CML cells and also suggest that the permanence of quiescent stem cells after TKI treatment could be associated with a decrease in p18INK4c and p57Kip2 nuclear location. The differences in p18INK4cand p57Kip2activities in CML and normal stem cells suggest a different cell cycle regulation and provide a platform that could be considered in the development of new therapeutic options to eliminate LSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Moreno-Lorenzana
- a Oncology Research Unit , Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center , Mexican Institute for Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico.,b Molecular Biomedicine Department , CINVESTAV , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Sócrates Avilés-Vazquez
- a Oncology Research Unit , Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center , Mexican Institute for Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval Esquivel
- a Oncology Research Unit , Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center , Mexican Institute for Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Antonio Alvarado-Moreno
- c Thrombosis Haemostasia and Atherogenesis Research Unit , Mexican Institute for Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Torres-Martínez
- d Department of Hip Surgery , Villa Coapa General Hospital , Mexican Institute for Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Manuel Ayala-Sánchez
- e Department of Hematology , La Raza Medical Center , Mexican Institute for Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Héctor Mayani
- a Oncology Research Unit , Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center , Mexican Institute for Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Antonieta Chavez-Gonzalez
- a Oncology Research Unit , Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center , Mexican Institute for Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico
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18
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Lavanya V, Ahmed N, Khan MKA, Jamal S. Sustained mitogenic effect on K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells by dietary lectin, jacalin. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:877-886. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Dasgupta Y, Koptyra M, Hoser G, Kantekure K, Roy D, Gornicka B, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Bolton-Gillespie E, Cerny-Reiterer S, Müschen M, Valent P, Wasik MA, Richardson C, Hantschel O, van der Kuip H, Stoklosa T, Skorski T. Normal ABL1 is a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in human and mouse leukemias expressing oncogenic ABL1 kinases. Blood 2016; 127:2131-43. [PMID: 26864341 PMCID: PMC4850868 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-681171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias expressing constitutively activated mutants of ABL1 tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL1, TEL-ABL1, NUP214-ABL1) usually contain at least 1 normal ABL1 allele. Because oncogenic and normal ABL1 kinases may exert opposite effects on cell behavior, we examined the role of normal ABL1 in leukemias induced by oncogenic ABL1 kinases. BCR-ABL1-Abl1(-/-) cells generated highly aggressive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)-blast phase-like disease in mice compared with less malignant CML-chronic phase-like disease from BCR-ABL1-Abl1(+/+) cells. Additionally, loss of ABL1 stimulated proliferation and expansion of BCR-ABL1 murine leukemia stem cells, arrested myeloid differentiation, inhibited genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis, and facilitated accumulation of chromosomal aberrations. Conversely, allosteric stimulation of ABL1 kinase activity enhanced the antileukemia effect of ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and ponatinib) in human and murine leukemias expressing BCR-ABL1, TEL-ABL1, and NUP214-ABL1. Therefore, we postulate that normal ABL1 kinase behaves like a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in leukemias expressing oncogenic forms of the kinase.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/enzymology
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytostatic Agents/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genes, abl
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Experimental/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Experimental/enzymology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Oxidative Stress
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/physiology
- Pyridazines/pharmacology
- Pyridazines/therapeutic use
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodhara Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- Department of Clinical Cytology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kanchan Kantekure
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Darshan Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Barbara Gornicka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Bioinformatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Oliver Hantschel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heiko van der Kuip
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany; and
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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20
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Zheng Q, Cao J, Hamad N, Kim HJ, Moon JH, Sohn SK, Jung CW, Lipton JH, Kim DDH. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in apoptosis pathway are associated with response to imatinib therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Transl Med 2016; 14:82. [PMID: 27009330 PMCID: PMC4806489 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism of action of imatinib is known to involve the Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway. Consequently inter-individual variations in this apoptosis pathway might be associated with imatinib response or resistance. Methods This study attempted to focus on eight genotypes in the apoptosis pathway including FAS (rs1800682, rs2229521, rs2234767 and rs2234978), FASLG (rs763110), CASP10 (rs13006529), and APAF1 (rs1439123, rs2288713) and analyzed their association with treatment outcomes including molecular response with 4.5 log reduction (MR4.5), following imatinib therapy in 187 Korean CML patients. Results The GG/GA genotype in FAS (rs2234767) showed a higher rate of MR4.5 than the AA genotype (at 5 years 59.7 vs 37.4 %, p = 0.013). Using a bootstrap procedure for internal validation we confirmed that FAS (rs2234767) correlates with MR4.5 (p = 0.050). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the FAS genotype (rs2234767) is an independent surrogate for MR4.5 (p = 0.019, HR 0.43, 95 % CI [0.22–0.87]). Conclusions The Fas/FasL signaling pathway may represent the major pathway that mediates apoptosis in CML treated with imatinib. SNP markers in the apoptosis pathway including FAS genotype (rs2234767) can be potential surrogates for predicting deeper molecular response after imatinib therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0837-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Nada Hamad
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Joon Ho Moon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyun Sohn
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chul Won Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jeffrey H Lipton
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Liu WH, Chen MT, Wang ML, Lee YY, Chiou GY, Chien CS, Huang PI, Chen YW, Huang MC, Chiou SH, Shih YH, Ma HI. Cisplatin-selected resistance is associated with increased motility and stem-like properties via activation of STAT3/Snail axis in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1750-68. [PMID: 25638155 PMCID: PMC4359329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a malignant pediatric brain tumor with great recurrence after complete surgery and chemotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that cisplatin treatment selects not only for resistance but also for a more oncogenic phenotype characterized by high self-renewal and invasive capabilities. These phenomena are likely due to STAT3 upregulatoin which occurred simultaneously with higher expression of Snail, an activator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in ATRT-CisR cells. STAT3 knockdown effectively suppressed Snail expression and blocked motility and invasion in ATRT-CisR cells, while overexpressing Snail reversed these effects. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that STAT3 directly bound to Snail promoter. Moreover, STAT3 knockdown effectively suppressed cancer stem-like properties, synergistically enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect, and significantly improved survival rate in ATRT-CisR-transplanted immunocompromised mice. Finally, immunohistochemistrical analysis showed that STAT3 and Snail were coexpressed at high levels in recurrent ATRT tissues. Thus, the STAT3/Snail pathway plays an important role in oncogenic resistance, rendering cells not only drug-resistant but also increasingly oncogenic (invasion, EMT and recurrence). Therefore, the STAT3/Snail could be a target for ATRT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Teh Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yen Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuh Chiou
- College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung Univeristy, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Pin-I Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chao Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsin Shih
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Ma
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Szwed M, Kania KD, Jozwiak Z. Toxicity of doxorubicin-transferrin conjugate is connected to the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2015; 39:1096-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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Zhou S, Wang Y, Zhao M, Jiang LP, Zhu JJ. CdSeTe@CdS@ZnS Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Macroporous Tio2Film: A Multisignal-Amplified Photoelectrochemical Platform. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2826-2835. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Mead B, Morgan H, Mann-Knowlton A, Tedeschi L, Sloan C, Lang S, Hines C, Gragg M, Stofer J, Riemann K, Derr T, Heller E, Collins D, Landis P, Linna N, Jones D. Reveromycin A-Induced Apoptosis in Osteoclasts Is Not Accompanied by Necrosis. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1646-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Mead
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Heather Morgan
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Alyssa Mann-Knowlton
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Laura Tedeschi
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Chris Sloan
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Spenser Lang
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Cory Hines
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Megan Gragg
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Jonathan Stofer
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Kaitlin Riemann
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Tyler Derr
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Emily Heller
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - David Collins
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Paul Landis
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Nathan Linna
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
| | - Daniel Jones
- Division of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology; Indiana Wesleyan University; South Washington Street Marion Indiana
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25
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Ueda N. Ceramide-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells: a role of mitochondria and sphingosine-1-phoshate. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5076-124. [PMID: 25751724 PMCID: PMC4394466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is synthesized upon stimuli, and induces apoptosis in renal tubular cells (RTCs). Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) functions as a survival factor. Thus, the balance of ceramide/S1P determines ceramide-induced apoptosis. Mitochondria play a key role for ceramide-induced apoptosis by altered mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP). Ceramide enhances oligomerization of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, ceramide channel, and reduces anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in the MOM. This process alters MOMP, resulting in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome C release into the cytosol, caspase activation, and apoptosis. Ceramide regulates apoptosis through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-dependent and -independent pathways. Conversely, MAPKs alter ceramide generation by regulating the enzymes involving ceramide metabolism, affecting ceramide-induced apoptosis. Crosstalk between Bcl-2 family proteins, ROS, and many signaling pathways regulates ceramide-induced apoptosis. Growth factors rescue ceramide-induced apoptosis by regulating the enzymes involving ceramide metabolism, S1P, and signaling pathways including MAPKs. This article reviews evidence supporting a role of ceramide for apoptosis and discusses a role of mitochondria, including MOMP, Bcl-2 family proteins, ROS, and signaling pathways, and crosstalk between these factors in the regulation of ceramide-induced apoptosis of RTCs. A balancing role between ceramide and S1P and the strategy for preventing ceramide-induced apoptosis by growth factors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norishi Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, 3-8 Kuramitsu, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-8588, Japan.
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26
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Anderson E, Salisbury V. Rapid in-vitro testing for chemotherapy sensitivity in leukaemia patients. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 145:189-214. [PMID: 25216956 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43619-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescent bacterial biosensors can be used in a rapid in vitro assay to predict sensitivity to commonly used chemotherapy drugs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The nucleoside analog cytarabine (ara-C) is the key agent for treating AML; however, up to 30 % of patients fail to respond to treatment. Screening of patient blood samples to determine drug response before commencement of treatment is needed. To achieve this aim, a self-bioluminescent reporter strain of Escherichia coli has been constructed and evaluated for use as an ara-C biosensor and an in vitro assay has been designed to predict ara-C response in clinical samples. Transposition mutagenesis was used to create a cytidine deaminase (cdd)-deficient mutant of E. coli MG1655 that responded to ara-C. The strain was transformed with the luxCDABE operon and used as a whole-cell biosensor for development an 8-h assay to determine ara-C uptake and phosphorylation by leukemic cells. Intracellular concentrations of 0.025 μmol/L phosphorylated ara-C were detected by significantly increased light output (P < 0.05) from the bacterial biosensor. Results using AML cell lines with known response to ara-C showed close correlation between the 8-h assay and a 3-day cytotoxicity test for ara-C cell killing. In retrospective tests with 24 clinical samples of bone marrow or peripheral blood, the biosensor-based assay predicted leukemic cell response to ara-C within 8 h. The biosensor-based assay may offer a predictor for evaluating the sensitivity of leukemic cells to ara-C before patients undergo chemotherapy and allow customized treatment of drug-sensitive patients with reduced ara-C dose levels. The 8-h assay monitors intracellular ara-CTP (cytosine arabinoside triphosphate) levels and, if fully validated, may be suitable for use in clinical settings.
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MESH Headings
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/metabolism
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate/analysis
- Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Biological Assay
- Biosensing Techniques
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytarabine/metabolism
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Genes, Reporter
- Genetic Engineering
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Limit of Detection
- Luciferases, Bacterial/genetics
- Luciferases, Bacterial/metabolism
- Luminescent Measurements
- Operon
- Phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Anderson
- Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Cheng HY, Ko FH. Studying the enhancement of programmed cell death by combined AG1024 and paclitaxel in a model of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Life Sci 2014; 102:118-26. [PMID: 24657894 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a clonal malignancy of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells that is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and expansion of myeloid progenitors. Myeloid progenitors express the fusion oncogene BCR-ABL, which has uncontrollable activity in malignant cells and prevents the cell apoptosis caused by some antineoplastic agents, such as paclitaxel. Targeting these abnormalities by blocking the tyrosine kinase enzymes of BCR-ABL is a promising approach for chronic myelogenous leukemia therapy. MAIN METHODS Conventional Liu's staining is an auxiliary technique used in microscopy to enhance the contrast in microscopic images, aiding the observation of cell morphology. The MTT assay, flow cytometry of the sub-G1 analysis and the TUNEL assay were applied to estimate the apoptosis levels. RT-PCR and western blot methods were used to evaluate the key molecules conferring anti-cell-death properties. KEY FINDINGS The effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1024 were evaluated with regard to the regulation of BCR-ABL expression, inhibition of cell proliferation, and enhanced paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in BCR-ABL-expressing K562 cell lines. AG1024 downregulated the expression of BCR-ABL and anti-apoptosis factors, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, which were present in K562 cells. Moreover, the combination of AG1024 with paclitaxel inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced paclitaxel-induced apoptosis within 24h. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, the present study shows that the combination of AG1024 with paclitaxel inhibited model cancer cell proliferation, suggesting a new use of paclitaxel-based chemotherapy for cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Fu-Hsiang Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, ROC.
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Induction of intrinsic apoptosis pathway in colon cancer HCT-116 cells by novel 2-substituted-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:323-33. [PMID: 24657569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
2-Acetyl tetralin (1) reacted with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA) to afford the enaminone 3. The reaction of 3 with piperidine and morpholine afforded the trans enaminone 5a,b, respectively. Compound 3 was treated with primary aromatic amines to give secondary enaminones 6a-e. The enaminone 3 reacted with acetylglycine and hippuric acid to yield pyranones 10a, b, respectively. The reaction of enaminone 3 with 1,4-benzoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone gave benzofuranyl tetralin derivatives 14a,b, respectively. Also, when 3 reacted with 5-amino-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole 15a and 5-amino-1,2,3-triazole 15b, it afforded the new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 17a and 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 17b, respectively. While the reaction of 3 with pyrimidines 18a, b resulted in the formation of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 20a, b, respectively. Investigations of the cytotoxic effect of those compounds against different human cell lines indicated that some compounds showed high selective cytotoxicity against colon cancer HCT-116 cells. Some of these compounds led to DNA damaging and fragmentation that was associated with the induction of apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. This pathway is initiated by the impairment of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) and in response to that the mitochondria released cytochrome c increased, that in turn activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 and induced apoptosis. Compounds 17b and 20b were promising anti-cancer agents that induced intrinsic apoptosis pathway in colon cancer cells.
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29
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Lin HY, Delmas D, Vang O, Hsieh TC, Lin S, Cheng GY, Chiang HL, Chen CE, Tang HY, Crawford DR, Whang-Peng J, Hwang J, Liu LF, Wu JM. Mechanisms of ceramide-induced COX-2-dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells partially overlapped with resveratrol. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1940-54. [PMID: 23495037 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a member of the sphingolipid family of bioactive molecules demonstrated to have profound, diverse biological activities. Ceramide is a potential chemotherapeutic agent via the induction of apoptosis. Exposure to ceramide activates extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2- and p38 kinase-dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells, concomitant with an increase in the expression of COX-2 and p53 phosphorylation. Blockade of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity by siRNA or NS398 correspondingly inhibited ceramide-induced p53 Ser-15 phosphorylation and apoptosis; thus COX-2 appears at the apex of the p38 kinase-mediated signaling cascade induced by ceramide. Induction of apoptosis by ceramide or resveratrol was inhibited by the endocytosis inhibitor, cytochalasin D (CytD); however, cells exposed to resveratrol showed greater sensitivity than ceramide-treated cells. Ceramide-treated cells underwent a dose-dependent reduction in trans-membrane potential. Although both ceramide and resveratrol induced the expressions of caspase-3 and -7, the effect of inducible COX-2 was different in caspase-7 expression induced by ceramide compared to resveratrol. In summary, resveratrol and ceramide converge on an endocytosis-requiring, ERK1/2-dependent signal transduction pathway and induction of COX-expression as an essential molecular antecedent for subsequent p53-dependent apoptosis. In addition, expressions of caspase-3 and -7 are observed. However, a p38 kinase-dependent signal transduction pathway and change in mitochondrial potential are also involved in ceramide-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Skrzypski M, Sassek M, Abdelmessih S, Mergler S, Grötzinger C, Metzke D, Wojciechowicz T, Nowak KW, Strowski MZ. Capsaicin induces cytotoxicity in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cells via mitochondrial action. Cell Signal 2013; 26:41-8. [PMID: 24075930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP), the pungent ingredient of chili peppers, inhibits growth of various solid cancers via TRPV1 as well as TRPV1-independent mechanisms. Recently, we showed that TRPV1 regulates intracellular calcium level and chromogranin A secretion in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cells. In the present study, we characterize the role of the TRPV1 agonist - CAP - in controlling proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic BON and QGP-1 NET cells. We demonstrate that CAP reduces viability and proliferation, and stimulates apoptotic death of NET cells. CAP causes mitochondrial membrane potential loss, inhibits ATP synthesis and reduces mitochondrial Bcl-2 protein production. In addition, CAP increases cytochrome c and cleaved caspase 3 levels in cytoplasm. CAP reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) acts synergistically with CAP to reduce ROS generation, without affecting CAP-induced toxicity. TRPV1 protein reduction by 75% reduction fails to attenuate CAP-induced cytotoxicity. In summary, these results suggest that CAP induces cytotoxicity by disturbing mitochondrial potential, and inhibits ATP synthesis in NET cells. Stimulation of ROS generation by CAP appears to be a secondary effect, not related to CAP-induced cytotoxicity. These results justify further evaluation of CAP in modulating pancreatic NETs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skrzypski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology & the Interdisciplinary Centre of Metabolism: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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31
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Glowacki S, Synowiec E, Blasiak J. The role of mitochondrial DNA damage and repair in the resistance of BCR/ABL-expressing cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16348-64. [PMID: 23965958 PMCID: PMC3759915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological malignancy that arises from the transformation of stem hematopoietic cells by the fusion oncogene BCR/ABL and subsequent clonal expansion of BCR/ABL-positive progenitor leukemic cells. The BCR/ABL protein displays a constitutively increased tyrosine kinase activity that alters many regulatory pathways, leading to uncontrolled growth, impaired differentiation and increased resistance to apoptosis featured by leukemic cells. Current CML therapy is based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), primarily imatinib, which induce apoptosis in leukemic cells. However, some patients show primary resistance to TKIs while others develop it in the course of therapy. In both cases, resistance may be underlined by perturbations in apoptotic signaling in leukemic cells. As mitochondria may play an important role in such signaling, alteration in mitochondrial metabolism may change resistance to pro-apoptotic action of TKIs in BCR/ABL-positive cells. Because BCR/ABL may induce reactive oxygen species and unfaithful DNA repair, it may affect the stability of mitochondrial DNA, influencing mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and in this way change the sensitivity of CML cells to TKIs. Moreover, cancer cells, including BCR/ABL-positive cells, show an increased level of glucose metabolism, resulting from the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis to supply ATP for extensive proliferation. Enhanced level of glycolysis may be associated with TKI resistance and requires change in the expression of several genes regulated mostly by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, HIF-1α. Such regulation may be associated with the impaired mitochondrial respiratory system in CML cells. In summary, mitochondria and mitochondria-associated molecules and pathways may be attractive targets to overcome TKI resistance in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Glowacki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz 90-236, Poland; E-Mails: (S.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz 90-236, Poland; E-Mails: (S.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz 90-236, Poland; E-Mails: (S.G.); (E.S.)
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Li HH, Su JH, Chiu CC, Lin JJ, Yang ZY, Hwang WI, Chen YK, Lo YH, Wu YJ. Proteomic investigation of the sinulariolide-treated melanoma cells A375: effects on the cell apoptosis through mitochondrial-related pathway and activation of caspase cascade. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2625-42. [PMID: 23880933 PMCID: PMC3736442 DOI: 10.3390/md11072625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinulariolide is an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. In this study, we investigated the effects of sinulariolide on A375 melanoma cell growth and protein expression. Sinulariolide suppressed the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner and was found to induce both early and late apoptosis by flow cytometric analysis. Comparative proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of sinulariolide at the molecular level by comparison between the protein profiles of melanoma cells treated with sinulariolide and those without treatment. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) master maps of control and treated A375 cells were generated by analysis with PDQuest software. Comparison between these maps showed up- and downregulation of 21 proteins, seven of which were upregulated and 14 were downregulated. The proteomics studies described here identify some proteins that are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis-associated proteins, including heat shock protein 60, heat shock protein beta-1, ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase complex core protein 1, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD) subunit alpha (down-regulated), and prohibitin (up-regulated), in A375 melanoma cells exposed to sinulariolide. Sinulariolide-induced apoptosis is relevant to mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways, elucidated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, and activation of Bax, Bad and caspase-3/-9, as well as suppression of p-Bad, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. Taken together, our results show that sinulariolide-induced apoptosis might be related to activation of the caspase cascade and mitochondria dysfunction pathways. Our results suggest that sinulariolide merits further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Hui Li
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; E-Mails: (H.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; E-Mails: (H.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80761, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jen-Jie Lin
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Zih-Yan Yang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wen-Ing Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-I.H.); (Y.-K.C.)
| | - Yu-Kuei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-I.H.); (Y.-K.C.)
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lo
- Excellence Biotech Co., Kaohsiung 80655, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80761, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-8-7799821 (ext. 8613); Fax: +886-8-7797821
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Grineva NI, Akhlynina TV, Timofeev AM, Gerasimova LP, Schmarov DA, Nydenova NM, Manakova TE, Sarycheva TG, Kovaleva LG. Apoptosis and neutrophils in the regulation of Ph-positive myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation ex vivo. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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GAPDH binds to active Akt, leading to Bcl-xL increase and escape from caspase-independent cell death. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:1043-54. [PMID: 23645209 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased glucose catabolism and resistance to cell death are hallmarks of cancers, but the link between them remains elusive. Remarkably, under conditions where caspases are inhibited, the process of cell death is delayed but rarely blocked, leading to the occurrence of caspase-independent cell death (CICD). Escape from CICD is particularly relevant in the context of cancer as apoptosis inhibition only is often not sufficient to allow oncogenic transformation. While most glycolytic enzymes are overexpressed in tumors, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is of particular interest as it can allow cells to recover from CICD. Here, we show that GAPDH, but no other glycolytic enzymes tested, when overexpressed could bind to active Akt and limit its dephosphorylation. Active Akt prevents FoxO nuclear localization, which precludes Bcl-6 expression and leads to Bcl-xL overexpression. The GAPDH-dependent Bcl-xL overexpression is able to protect a subset of mitochondria from permeabilization that are required for cellular survival from CICD. Thus, our work suggests that GAPDH overexpression could induce Bcl-xL overexpression and protect cells from CICD-induced chemotherapy through preservation of intact mitochondria that may facilitate tumor survival and chemotherapeutic resistance.
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Stella S, Tirrò E, Conte E, Stagno F, Di Raimondo F, Manzella L, Vigneri P. Suppression of survivin induced by a BCR-ABL/JAK2/STAT3 pathway sensitizes imatinib-resistant CML cells to different cytotoxic drugs. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1085-98. [PMID: 23536723 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The BCR-ABL oncoprotein of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) displays exclusive cytoplasmic localization and constitutive tyrosine kinase activity leading to the activation of different pathways that favor cell proliferation and survival. BCR-ABL induces survivin expression at both the mRNA and protein level, thus inhibiting the apoptotic machinery of CML cells and contributing to the expansion of the leukemic clone. We report that, in human CML cell lines, BCR-ABL-mediated upregulation of survivin involves the JAK2/STAT3 pathway since silencing of either protein caused a consistent reduction in survivin expression. Cell lines unresponsive to imatinib mesylate (IM) because of BCR-ABL gene amplification were not resensitized to the drug after survivin downregulation. However, cells insensitive to IM because of point mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain were highly responsive to hydroxyurea (HU) after survivin silencing. To address the possible clinical applications of our results, we used shepherdin, a cell-permeable peptidomimetic compound that downregulates survivin expression by preventing its interaction with Hsp90. Incubation with shepherdin of immortalized cell lines both sensitive and resistant to IM enhanced cell death induced by HU and doxorubicin. Similarly, the combination of shepherdin with first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduced the colony-forming potential of human progenitors derived from both patients with IM-sensitive and IM-resistant CML. These results suggest that strategies aimed at reducing survivin levels may represent a potential therapeutic option for patients with CML unresponsive to IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Bio-Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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36
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Lee J, Shen P, Zhang G, Wu X, Zhang X. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits the Bcr/Abl oncogene at the mRNA level in chronic myeloid leukemia sensitive or resistant to imatinib. Biomed Pharmacother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Rhim T, Lee DY, Lee M. Drug delivery systems for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2429-44. [PMID: 23307348 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Reduced cerebral blood flow causes acute damage to the brain due to excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ischemia. Currently, the main treatment for stroke is to revive the blood flow by using thrombolytic agents. Reviving blood flow also causes ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage. I/R damage results from inflammation and apoptosis and can persist for days to weeks, increasing the infarct size. Drugs can be applied to stroke to intervene in the sub-acute and chronic phases. Chemical, peptide, and genetic therapies have been evaluated to reduce delayed damage to the brain. These drugs have different characteristics, requiring that delivery carriers be developed based on these characteristics. The delivery route is another important factor affecting the efficiency of drug delivery. Various delivery routes have been developed, such as intravenous injection, intranasal administration, and local direct injection to overcome the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). In this review, the delivery carriers and delivery routes for peptide and gene therapies are discussed and examples are provided. Combined with new drugs, drug delivery systems will eventually provide useful treatments for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyoun Rhim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Neoh CA, Wang RYL, Din ZH, Su JH, Chen YK, Tsai FJ, Weng SH, Wu YJ. Induction of apoptosis by sinulariolide from soft coral through mitochondrial-related and p38MAPK pathways on human bladder carcinoma cells. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2893-911. [PMID: 23249971 PMCID: PMC3528132 DOI: 10.3390/md10122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinulariolide, an isolated compound from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, possesses the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptosis-inducing activities against the TSGH bladder carcinoma cell. The anti-tumor effects of sinulariolide were determined by 3-(4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, cell migration assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Sinulariolide inhibited the growth and migration of bladder carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, as well as induced both early and late apoptosis as determined by the flow cytometer. Also, the sinulariolide-induced apoptosis is related to the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways, elucidated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, activation of caspase-3/-9, Bax and Bad, as well as suppression of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL/Mcl-1. Detection of the PARP-1 cleaved product suggested the partial involvement of caspase-independent pathways. Moreover, inhibition of p38MAPK activity leads to the rescue of the cell cytotoxicity of sinulariolide-treated TSGH cells, indicating that the p38MAPK pathway is also involved in the sinulariolide-induced cell apoptosis. Altogether, these results suggest that sinulariolide induces apoptosis against bladder cancer cells through mitochondrial-related and p38MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choo-Aun Neoh
- Department of Research, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Robert Y.-L. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Zhong-Hao Din
- Graduate Institute of Applied Healthy and Biotechnology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94446, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Kuei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Feng-Jen Tsai
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Shun-Hsiang Weng
- Department of Hospitality Management, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-8-7799821 (ext. 8613); Fax: +886-8-7797821
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Burns TA, Subathra M, Signorelli P, Choi Y, Yang X, Wang Y, Villani M, Bhalla K, Zhou D, Luberto C. Sphingomyelin synthase 1 activity is regulated by the BCR-ABL oncogene. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:794-805. [PMID: 23160178 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m033985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) produces sphingomyelin while consuming ceramide (a negative regulator of cell proliferation) and forming diacylglycerol (DAG) (a mitogenic factor). Therefore, enhanced SMS activity could favor cell proliferation. To examine if dysregulated SMS contributes to leukemogenesis, we measured SMS activity in several leukemic cell lines and found that it is highly elevated in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. The increased SMS in K562 cells was caused by the presence of Bcr-abl, a hallmark of CML; stable expression of Bcr-abl elevated SMS activity in HL-60 cells while inhibition of the tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr-abl with Imatinib mesylate decreased SMS activity in K562 cells. The increased SMS activity was the result of up-regulation of the Sms1 isoform. Inhibition of SMS activity with D609 (a pharmacological SMS inhibitor) or down-regulation of SMS1 expression by siRNA selectively inhibited the proliferation of Bcr-abl-positive cells. The inhibition was associated with an increased production of ceramide and a decreased production of DAG, conditions that antagonize cell proliferation. A similar change in lipid profile was also observed upon pharmacological inhibition of Bcr-abl (K526 cells) and siRNA-mediated down-regulation of BCR-ABL (HL-60/Bcr-abl cells). These findings indicate that Sms1 is a downstream target of Bcr-abl, involved in sustaining cell proliferation of Bcr-abl-positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Ann Burns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Marimuthu Subathra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, San Paolo University Hospital, Medical School, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Young Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Yong Wang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Maristella Villani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Polispecialistica Bios, Crotone, Italy
| | - Kapil Bhalla
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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40
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Pillai RN, Chen LS, Ayres ML, Nowak BJ, Thomas MW, Shpall EJ, Keating MJ, Gandhi V. Multifaceted actions of 8-amino-adenosine kill BCR-ABL positive cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2024-32. [PMID: 22448923 PMCID: PMC5648543 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.678003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Survival of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells is dependent on BCR-ABL kinase, the activity of which is contingent on the level of BCR-ABL protein and the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). We hypothesized that 8-amino-adenosine (8-amino-Ado)-mediated reduction in cellular ATP level and inhibition of mRNA synthesis leading to a decrease in protein level would result in a multifaceted targeting of BCR-ABL. Using K562 cells, we demonstrated that there was a dose- and time-dependent increase in 8-amino-ATP accompanied by a > 95% decline in the endogenous ATP pool. In parallel, 8-amino-Ado inhibited RNA synthesis and resulted in a depletion of BCR-ABL transcript. Consistent with this, BCR-ABL and ABL protein levels were also decreased. These effects were associated with the initiation of cell death as visualized by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, decreased clonogenicity and greater than additive interaction with imatinib. In imatinib-sensitive and -resistant KBM5 cells, 8-amino-Ado treatment augmented the imatinib effect on growth inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/chemistry
- Adenosine/pharmacology
- Adenosine/toxicity
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathi N. Pillai
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Lisa S. Chen
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Mary L. Ayres
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Billie J. Nowak
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Michael W. Thomas
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Michael J. Keating
- Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
- Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
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41
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Crews LA, Jamieson CHM. Selective elimination of leukemia stem cells: hitting a moving target. Cancer Lett 2012; 338:15-22. [PMID: 22906415 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of chemotherapeutic cytotoxic agents that eradicate proliferating cell populations, patients suffering from a wide variety of malignancies continue to relapse as a consequence of resistance to standard therapies. In hematologic malignancies, leukemia stem cells (LSCs) represent a malignant reservoir of disease that is believed to drive relapse and resistance to chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs). Major research efforts in recent years have been aimed at identifying and characterizing the LSC population in leukemias, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which represents an important paradigm for understanding the molecular evolution of cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that promote LSC-mediated therapeutic recalcitrance have remained elusive. It has become clear that the LSC population evolves during disease progression, thus presenting a serious challenge for development of effective therapeutic strategies. Multiple reports have demonstrated that LSC initiation and propagation occurs as a result of aberrant activation of pro-survival and self-renewal pathways regulated by stem-cell related signaling molecules including β-catenin and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). Enhanced survival in LSC protective microenvironments, such as the bone marrow niche, as well as acquired dormancy of cells in these niches, also contributes to LSC persistence. Key components of these cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways provide novel potential targets for therapies aimed at eradicating this dynamic and therapeutically recalcitrant LSC population. Furthermore, combination strategies that exploit LSC have the potential to dramatically improve the quality and quantity of life for patients that are resistant to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Crews
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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42
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Schenk EL, Koh BD, Flatten KS, Peterson KL, Parry D, Hess AD, Smith BD, Karp JE, Karnitz LM, Kaufmann SH. Effects of selective checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition on cytarabine cytotoxicity in acute myelogenous leukemia cells in vitro. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5364-73. [PMID: 22869869 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that the replication checkpoint, which involves the kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR) and Chk1, contributes to cytarabine resistance in cell lines. In the present study, we examined whether this checkpoint is activated in clinical acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) during cytarabine infusion in vivo and then assessed the impact of combining cytarabine with the recently described Chk1 inhibitor SCH 900776 in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AML marrow aspirates harvested before and during cytarabine infusion were examined by immunoblotting. Human AML lines treated with cytarabine in the absence or presence of SCH 900776 were assayed for checkpoint activation by immunoblotting, nucleotide incorporation into DNA, and flow cytometry. Long-term effects in AML lines, clinical AML isolates, and normal myeloid progenitors were assayed using clonogenic assays. RESULTS Immunoblotting revealed increased Chk1 phosphorylation, a marker of checkpoint activation, in more than half of Chk1-containing AMLs after 48 hours of cytarabine infusion. In human AML lines, SCH 900776 not only disrupted cytarabine-induced Chk1 activation and S-phase arrest but also markedly increased cytarabine-induced apoptosis. Clonogenic assays demonstrated that SCH 900776 enhanced the antiproliferative effects of cytarabine in AML cell lines and clinical AML samples at concentrations that had negligible impact on normal myeloid progenitors. CONCLUSIONS These results not only provide evidence for cytarabine-induced S-phase checkpoint activation in AML in the clinical setting, but also show that a selective Chk1 inhibitor can overcome the S-phase checkpoint and enhance the cytotoxicity of cytarabine. Accordingly, further investigation of the cytarabine/SCH 900776 combination in AML appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Schenk
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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43
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Zhan Y, Gong K, Chen C, Wang H, Li W. P38 MAP kinase functions as a switch in MS-275-induced reactive oxygen species-dependent autophagy and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:532-43. [PMID: 22634147 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MS-275 is a synthetic benzamide derivative of the histone deacetylase inhibitor and is currently in phase I/II clinical trials. Many reports have shown that the anti-tumor activity of MS-275 in several types of cancer is mainly attributable to its capacity to induce the apoptotic death of tumor cells. It remains unclear if autophagy is involved in MS-275 treatment of cancer cells. Here, we first show that MS-275 induces human colon cancer cell HCT116 autophagy as well as apoptosis. Short-term treatment (24h) induced HCT116 cells to undergo autophagy with dependence on intracellular reactive oxygen species production and ERK activation. The activated reactive oxygen species/ERK signal promoted Atg7 protein expression, which triggered MS-275-induced cancer cell autophagy. However, after prolonged treatment with MS-275 (over 48h), autophagic cells turned apoptotic, which was also dependent on reactive oxygen species generation. Interestingly, we found that p38 MAP kinase played a vital role in the switch from autophagy to apoptosis in MS-275-induced human colon cancer cells. High expression of p38 induced cell autophagy, but low expression resulted in apoptosis. In addition, observations in vivo are strongly consistent with the in vitro results. Therefore, these findings extend our understanding of the action of MS-275 in inducing cancer cell death and suggest that it may be a promising clinical chemotherapeutic agent with multiple effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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44
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Growth inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin on Bcr/Abl+ chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells involve AKT, ERK and NF-κB modulation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:2095-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Abstract
National Cancer Institute has announced 24 provocative questions on cancer. Here I try to answer some of them by linking the dots of existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, BLSC, L3-312, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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46
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Abdel-Fattah AM, Gamal-Eldeen AM, Helmy WA, Esawy MA. Antitumor and antioxidant activities of levan and its derivative from the isolate Bacillus subtilis NRC1aza. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:314-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Nieborowska-Skorska M, Kopinski PK, Ray R, Hoser G, Ngaba D, Flis S, Cramer K, Reddy MM, Koptyra M, Penserga T, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Bolton E, Holyoake TL, Eaves CJ, Cerny-Reiterer S, Valent P, Hochhaus A, Hughes TP, van der Kuip H, Sattler M, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Richardson C, Dorrance A, Stoklosa T, Williams DA, Skorski T. Rac2-MRC-cIII-generated ROS cause genomic instability in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells and primitive progenitors. Blood 2012; 119:4253-63. [PMID: 22411871 PMCID: PMC3359741 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-385658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) is induced by BCR-ABL1 oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors eliminate the bulk of CML-CP cells, but fail to eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia progenitor cells (LPCs) displaying innate and acquired resistance, respectively. These cells may accumulate genomic instability, leading to disease relapse and/or malignant progression to a fatal blast phase. In the present study, we show that Rac2 GTPase alters mitochondrial membrane potential and electron flow through the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III (MRC-cIII), thereby generating high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CML-CP LSCs and primitive LPCs. MRC-cIII-generated ROS promote oxidative DNA damage to trigger genomic instability, resulting in an accumulation of chromosomal aberrations and tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant BCR-ABL1 mutants. JAK2(V617F) and FLT3(ITD)-positive polycythemia vera cells and acute myeloid leukemia cells also produce ROS via MRC-cIII. In the present study, inhibition of Rac2 by genetic deletion or a small-molecule inhibitor and down-regulation of mitochondrial ROS by disruption of MRC-cIII, expression of mitochondria-targeted catalase, or addition of ROS-scavenging mitochondria-targeted peptide aptamer reduced genomic instability. We postulate that the Rac2-MRC-cIII pathway triggers ROS-mediated genomic instability in LSCs and primitive LPCs, which could be targeted to prevent the relapse and malignant progression of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Catalase/metabolism
- DNA Damage
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Electron Transport
- Electron Transport Complex III/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
- Methacrylates/pharmacology
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Polycythemia Vera/metabolism
- Polycythemia Vera/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology
- RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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48
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Liu XS, Jiang J. Molecular Mechanism of Matrine-Induced Apoptosis in Leukemia K562 Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 34:1095-103. [PMID: 17163597 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x06004557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrine, a low toxic alkaloid purified from the Chinese herb Kushen, has been reported to induce apoptosis in leukemia K562 cells. In this study, the mechanism underling this apoptotic event was investigated. Treatment of K562 cells with matrine resulted in inhibition of cell survival more significantly than treatment of non-cancer fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. When K562 cells were incubated with matrine in higher than 0.2 mg/ml doses for 48 hours, the apoptotic cells were increased and both poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 were cleaved in a dose dependent manner. General caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) or caspase-3 inhibitor (z-DEVD-fmk) almost completely suppressed matrine-induced apoptosis. In addition, matrine increased proapoptotic protein bax and caused the release of cytochrome C. Taken together, the results suggest that matrine induces a cytochrome C-mediated, caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Liu
- Center for Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515031, China
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49
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Koronkiewicz M, Chilmonczyk Z, Kazimierczuk Z. Proapoptotic effects of novel pentabromobenzylisothioureas in human leukemia cell lines. Med Chem Res 2011; 21:3111-3118. [PMID: 22942618 PMCID: PMC3427706 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of new pentabromobenzylisothioureas [ZKK-1–ZKK-5; (ZKKs)] carrying additional substituents on nitrogen atoms has been synthesized. The ZKKs were found to induce apoptosis in HL-60 (human promyleocytic leukemia) and K-562 (human chronic erythromyeloblastoid leukemia) cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner at low micromolar concentrations. ZKK-3 [(N,N′-dimethyl-S-2,3,4,5,6-pentabromobenzyl)isothiouronium bromide] showed the highest proapoptotic activity in HL-60 cells, whereas ZKK-2 [N-methyl-S-(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromobenzyl)isothiouronium bromide] was most effective in this respect in K-562 cells. During the ZKKs-induced apoptosis, an 85 kDa fragment of cleaved PARP (caspase-3 and caspase-7 substrate) was detected in both cell lines tested. The studied compounds also decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential in both these cell lines and caused the cells to accumulate in G1 and at the G1/S border of the cell cycle in a concentration-dependent manner. These results show promise for their study as new compounds in the treatment of leukemia, after an appropriate preclinical toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Koronkiewicz
- Department of Cell Biology, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska St., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Chilmonczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska St., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Activation of apoptosis signaling eliminates CD34+ progenitor cells in blast crisis CML independent of response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leukemia 2011; 26:788-94. [PMID: 22033489 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite being highly effective for newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), imatinib not only is inactive against quiescent CML stem cells, but also has limited activity against blast crisis (BC) CML. The relative activity of Bcr-Abl and the expression levels of antiapoptotic proteins in proliferating and quiescent CD34(+) BC CML progenitor cells and the effects of targeting antiapoptotic proteins in these cells are unknown. Here we report higher levels of p-CrkL in quiescent than in proliferating CD34(+) progenitor cells and comparable expression levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 and XIAP in the two populations in BC CML. Inhibition of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL by ABT-737 in cells from patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant BC CML promoted apoptosis in quiescent CD34(+) progenitor cells with an efficacy similar to that in proliferating cells. Combination of ABT-737 with imatinib (which decreases Mcl-1 levels) or triptolide (which decreases Mcl-1 and XIAP) synergistically induced death of both proliferating and quiescent CD34(+) progenitor cells obtained from TKI-resistant BC CML patients. These results suggest that antiapoptotic proteins are critical targets in BC CML and that activation of apoptosis signaling can eliminate both proliferating and quiescent CD34(+) progenitor cells in BC CML, independent of response to TKIs.
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