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Koziolek E, Albrecht J, Exner S, Prasad V, Grötzinger C, Brenner W. Orthotopic versus subcutaneous NET: tumor tissue characteristics result in different answers when ADC is used to validate early therapy response following Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx391.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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2
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Skrzypski M, Sassek M, Abdelmessih S, Mergler S, Grötzinger C, Metzke D, Wojciechowicz T, Nowak KW, Strowski MZ. Capsaicin induces cytotoxicity in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cells via mitochondrial action. Cell Signal 2013; 26:41-8. [PMID: 24075930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP), the pungent ingredient of chili peppers, inhibits growth of various solid cancers via TRPV1 as well as TRPV1-independent mechanisms. Recently, we showed that TRPV1 regulates intracellular calcium level and chromogranin A secretion in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cells. In the present study, we characterize the role of the TRPV1 agonist - CAP - in controlling proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic BON and QGP-1 NET cells. We demonstrate that CAP reduces viability and proliferation, and stimulates apoptotic death of NET cells. CAP causes mitochondrial membrane potential loss, inhibits ATP synthesis and reduces mitochondrial Bcl-2 protein production. In addition, CAP increases cytochrome c and cleaved caspase 3 levels in cytoplasm. CAP reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) acts synergistically with CAP to reduce ROS generation, without affecting CAP-induced toxicity. TRPV1 protein reduction by 75% reduction fails to attenuate CAP-induced cytotoxicity. In summary, these results suggest that CAP induces cytotoxicity by disturbing mitochondrial potential, and inhibits ATP synthesis in NET cells. Stimulation of ROS generation by CAP appears to be a secondary effect, not related to CAP-induced cytotoxicity. These results justify further evaluation of CAP in modulating pancreatic NETs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skrzypski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology & the Interdisciplinary Centre of Metabolism: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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Skrzypski M, Kakkassery M, Mergler S, Grötzinger C, Khajavi N, Sassek M, Szczepankiewicz D, Wiedenmann B, Nowak KW, Strowski MZ. Activation of TRPV4 channel in pancreatic INS-1E beta cells enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via calcium-dependent mechanisms. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3281-7. [PMID: 23999312 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) is a Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-permeable cation channel that influences oxidative metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The role of TRPV4 in pancreatic beta cells is largely unknown. Here, we characterize the role of TRPV4 in controlling intracellular Ca(2+) and insulin secretion in INS-1E beta cells. Osmotic, thermal or pharmacological activation of TRPV4 caused a rapid rise of intracellular Ca(2+) and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In the presence of the TRPV channel blocker ruthenium red (RuR) or after suppression of TRPV4 protein production, TRPV4 activators failed to increase [Ca(2+)]i and insulin secretion in INS-1E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skrzypski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Interdisciplinary Centre of Metabolism: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Baumgart DC, Metzke D, Guckelberger O, Pascher A, Grötzinger C, Przesdzing I, Dörffel Y, Schmitz J, Thomas S. Aberrant plasmacytoid dendritic cell distribution and function in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 166:46-54. [PMID: 21762123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) function is believed to be of critical importance for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To date, most research in animal models and the few human data available is restricted to myeloid DC, while plasmacytoid DC (pDC) capable of controlling both innate and adaptive immune responses have not yet been investigated systematically in human Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). CD11c(-) , CD303(+) /CD304(+) and CD123(+) pDC from peripheral blood (n = 90), mucosal tissue (n = 28) or mesenteric lymph nodes (n = 40) (MLNs) of patients with UC and CD or controls were purified and cultured. Thereafter, pDC were enumerated, phenotyped and cytokine secretion measured by flow cytometry (FACS), immunohistochemistry and/or cytometric bead array, respectively. Interferon (IFN)-α secretion following cytosine phosphatidyl guanine (CpG) A oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 2216 (5'-GGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG-3') stimulation was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found a significantly higher frequency of pDC in the inflamed colonic mucosa and MLN of IBD patients. Moreover, the fraction of CD40 and CD86 expressing cultured peripheral blood pDC was significantly higher in flaring UC and CD patients and their secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were increased significantly compared with controls. In contrast, the IFN-α secretion of peripheral blood pDC isolated from flaring IBD, particularly in UC patients, was reduced significantly compared with controls. Our data suggest an aberrant distribution and function of pDC in IBD, contrary to their generally implicated role as inducers of tolerance. We speculate that the impaired IFN-α secretion may relate to the hypothesized defect in innate immunity in IBD and could also impact upon the generation of regulatory T cells (T(reg) ).
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Baumgart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Surgery General Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic, Charité Medical Center - Virchow Hospital, Medical School of the Humboldt-University of Berlin, 13344 Berlin, Germany.
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Göncz E, Grötzinger C, Mergler S, El-Zayat BF, Theodoropoulou M, Stalla GK, Wiedenmann B, Strowski MZ, Plöckinger U. Orexin-A inhibits glucagon secretion and gene expression by Foxo1 dependent pathway. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Strowski M, Grötzinger C, Singh V, Göncz E, Zacharias S, Wiedenmann B, Plöckinger U. Deletion of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 leads to hyperglucagonemia and impaired glucose control in mice with diet-induced obesity. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Strowski M, Singh V, Zacharias S, Grötzinger C, Wiedenmann B, Plöckinger U. Hyperglukagonämie trägt zur Hyperglykämie bei nach Induktion der Adipositas und Insulinresistenz in Somatostatinrezeptor-Subtyp 2-defizienten Mäusen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Göncz E, Grötzinger C, Mergler S, Theodoropoulou M, El-Zayat BF, Wiedenmann B, Strowski M, Plöckinger U. Orexin-A differentially regulates gene expression and secretion of insulin and glucagon. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-920472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Grötzinger C, Kneifel J, Patschan D, Schnoy N, Anagnostopoulos I, Faiss S, Tauber R, Wiedenmann B, Gessner R. LI-cadherin: a marker of gastric metaplasia and neoplasia. Gut 2001. [PMID: 11413113 DOI: 10.1136/qut.49.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal metaplasia is considered a risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinomas of the intestinal type and is found in approximately 20% of gastric biopsies. Conventional histology only detects advanced stages of intestinal metaplasia. AIMS To study expression of the enterocyte specific adhesion molecule liver-intestinal (LI)-cadherin in intestinal metaplasia as well as in gastric cancer, and to evaluate its use as a diagnostic marker molecule. PATIENTS Gastric biopsies (n=77) from 30 consecutive patients (n=30; aged 28-90 years) as well as surgically resected tissue samples (n=24) of all types of gastric carcinomas were analysed. METHODS Single and double label immunofluorescence detection on cryosections of gastric biopsies; alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase method on paraffin embedded carcinoma tissue sections. RESULTS Of 77 biopsies (from 30 patients), 12 (from 10 patients) stained positive for LI-cadherin. LI-cadherin staining correlated with the presence of intestinal metaplasia. Conventional histological diagnosis however failed to detect subtle gastric intestinal metaplasia (three of 10 patients). In contrast, only LI-cadherin and villin were positive in these cases whereas sucrase-isomaltase also failed to detect intestinal metaplasia in four of 10 patients. Well differentiated gastric carcinomas showed intense staining for LI-cadherin while undifferentiated carcinomas showed only weak diffuse cytoplasmic staining. CONCLUSIONS To detect early metaplastic changes in the gastric mucosa, LI-cadherin has a sensitivity superior to sucrase-isomaltase and conventional histology and comparable with that of villin. Its specificity exceeds that of villin. Thus LI-cadherin represents a new, reliable, and powerful marker molecule for early detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia and well differentiated adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grötzinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Medical School of the Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal metaplasia is considered a risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinomas of the intestinal type and is found in approximately 20% of gastric biopsies. Conventional histology only detects advanced stages of intestinal metaplasia. AIMS To study expression of the enterocyte specific adhesion molecule liver-intestinal (LI)-cadherin in intestinal metaplasia as well as in gastric cancer, and to evaluate its use as a diagnostic marker molecule. PATIENTS Gastric biopsies (n=77) from 30 consecutive patients (n=30; aged 28-90 years) as well as surgically resected tissue samples (n=24) of all types of gastric carcinomas were analysed. METHODS Single and double label immunofluorescence detection on cryosections of gastric biopsies; alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase method on paraffin embedded carcinoma tissue sections. RESULTS Of 77 biopsies (from 30 patients), 12 (from 10 patients) stained positive for LI-cadherin. LI-cadherin staining correlated with the presence of intestinal metaplasia. Conventional histological diagnosis however failed to detect subtle gastric intestinal metaplasia (three of 10 patients). In contrast, only LI-cadherin and villin were positive in these cases whereas sucrase-isomaltase also failed to detect intestinal metaplasia in four of 10 patients. Well differentiated gastric carcinomas showed intense staining for LI-cadherin while undifferentiated carcinomas showed only weak diffuse cytoplasmic staining. CONCLUSIONS To detect early metaplastic changes in the gastric mucosa, LI-cadherin has a sensitivity superior to sucrase-isomaltase and conventional histology and comparable with that of villin. Its specificity exceeds that of villin. Thus LI-cadherin represents a new, reliable, and powerful marker molecule for early detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia and well differentiated adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grötzinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Medical School of the Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Becker A, Hessenius C, Licha K, Ebert B, Sukowski U, Semmler W, Wiedenmann B, Grötzinger C. Receptor-targeted optical imaging of tumors with near-infrared fluorescent ligands. Nat Biotechnol 2001; 19:327-31. [PMID: 11283589 DOI: 10.1038/86707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report here the in vivo diagnostic use of a peptide-dye conjugate consisting of a cyanine dye and the somatostatin analog octreotate as a contrast agent for optical tumor imaging. When used in whole-body in vivo imaging of mouse xenografts, indotricarbocyanine-octreotate accumulated in tumor tissue. Tumor fluorescence rapidly increased and was more than threefold higher than that of normal tissue from 3 to 24 h after application. The targeting conjugate was also specifically internalized by primary human neuroendocrine tumor cells. This imaging approach, combining the specificity of ligand/receptor interaction with near-infrared fluorescence detection, may be applied in various other fields of cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Becker
- Institut für Diagnostikforschung GmbH an der Freien Universität Berlin, 14050 Berlin, Germany
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Becker A, Hessenius C, Bhargava S, Grötzinger C, Licha K, Schneider-Mergener J, Wiedenmann B, Semmler W. Cyanine dye labeled vasoactive intestinal peptide and somatostatin analog for optical detection of gastroenteropancreatic tumors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 921:275-8. [PMID: 11193834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Becker
- Institut für Diagnostikforschung GmbH an der FU Berlin, Spandauer Damm 130, 14050 Berlin, Germany.
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Heusipp G, Grötzinger C, Herold J, Siddell SG, Ziebuhr J. Identification and subcellular localization of a 41 kDa, polyprotein 1ab processing product in human coronavirus 229E-infected cells. J Gen Virol 1997; 78 ( Pt 11):2789-94. [PMID: 9367364 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The translation products of the human coronavirus (HCV) 229E open reading frames 1a and 1b, the polyproteins 1a and 1ab, are processed by virus-encoded proteinases. One of the key enzymes in this process is a chymotrypsin-like enzyme, the 3C-like proteinase. In this study we have identified an ORF 1b-encoded, 41 kDa processing product in HCV 229E-infected cells by using a monoclonal antibody with defined specificity. We show that this polypeptide is released from polyprotein 1ab by 3C-like proteinase-mediated cleavage of the peptide bonds Gln-6110/Gly-6111 and Gln-6458/Ser-6459. Also, we have investigated the subcellular localization of the 41 kDa processing product. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a punctate, perinuclear distribution of the 41 kDa polypeptide in infected cells and an identical subcellular localization was observed for three additional pp1ab-derived polypeptides. In contrast, the virus nucleocapsid protein showed a homogeneous cytoplasmic localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Heusipp
- Institute of Virology, University of Würzburg, Germany
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Grötzinger C, Heusipp G, Ziebuhr J, Harms U, Süss J, Siddell SG. Characterization of a 105-kDa polypeptide encoded in gene 1 of the human coronavirus HCV 229E. Virology 1996; 222:227-35. [PMID: 8806502 PMCID: PMC7130665 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1996.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/1996] [Accepted: 05/22/1996] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene 1 of the human coronavirus HCV 229E encompasses approximately 20.7 kb and contains two overlapping open reading frames, ORF 1a and ORF 1b. The downstream ORF 1b is expressed by a mechanism involving (-1) ribosomal frameshifting. Translation of mRNA 1, which is thought to be equivalent to the viral genomic RNA, results in the synthesis of two large polyproteins, pp1a and pp1ab. These polyproteins contain motifs characteristic of papain-like and 3C-like proteinases, RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, helicases, and metal-binding proteins. In this study, we have produced pp1ab-specific monoclonal antibodies and have used them to detect an intracellular, 105-kDa viral polypeptide that contains the putative RNA polymerase domain. Furthermore, using trans cleavage assays with bacterially expressed HCV 229E 3C-like proteinase, we have demonstrated that the 105-kDa polypeptide is released from pp1ab by cleavage at the dipeptide bonds Gln-4068/Ser-4069 and Gln-4995/Ala-4996. These data contribute to the characterization of coronavirus 3C-like proteinase-mediated processing of pp1ab and provide the first identification of an HCV 229E ORF 1ab-encoded polypeptide in virus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grötzinger
- Department of Viral Zoonoses, Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Siakkou H, Jahn S, Kienzle N, Ulrich R, Grötzinger C, Schneider T, Kohleisen B, Pauli G, Spohn R, Jung G. Fine mapping of HIV-1 Nef-epitopes by monoclonal antibodies. Arch Virol 1993; 128:81-95. [PMID: 7678193 DOI: 10.1007/bf01309790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A panel of newly isolated murine monoclonal antibodies is described which are specific for the Nef protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Epitope mapping using recombinant Nef-related proteins, synthetic peptides and lipopeptides showed 3 independent antigenic determinants located within the regions of amino acids 83-93, 175-190 and 86-166 of the Nef protein. None of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with recombinant Nef proteins of HIV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Siakkou
- Institute für Virologie, Medizinischen Fakultät (Charité) der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
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