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Lingas EC. Early-Onset Colon Cancer: A Narrative Review of Its Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Prognosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e45404. [PMID: 37854763 PMCID: PMC10579844 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and there has been a rise in the incidence of early-onset colon cancer or colon cancer diagnosed before the age of 50 years old. Early-onset colon cancer has several differences in clinical presentation, as well as histopathology, genetic alteration, and molecular profiling. Early-onset colon cancer can be differentiated into familial type that includes hereditary familial syndrome and sporadic type. Demographic variance also exists in both developing and developed countries. Due to the rising incidence of colon cancer diagnosed in younger age, it is imperative to examine the available evidence regarding the mortality rate of early-onset colon cancer. Colon cancer is affected by numerous modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Increasing obesity and lifestyle disorders in the younger population, such as smoking, may influence this increasing trend. There are existing guidelines for colon cancer screening in both average-risk and high-risk individuals. This narrative review aims to highlight the pathogenesis of early-onset CRC; its clinical presentation, treatment, prognosis; and how it differs from late-onset CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvina C Lingas
- Hospital Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Health Long Island Community Hospital, Patchogue, USA
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2
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Ascrizzi S, Arillotta GM, Grillone K, Caridà G, Signorelli S, Ali A, Romeo C, Tassone P, Tagliaferri P. Lynch Syndrome Biopathology and Treatment: The Potential Role of microRNAs in Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3930. [PMID: 37568746 PMCID: PMC10417124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS), also known as Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome which causes about 2-3% of cases of colorectal carcinoma. The development of LS is due to the genetic and epigenetic inactivation of genes involved in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system, causing an epiphenomenon known as microsatellite instability (MSI). Despite the fact that the genetics of the vast majority of MSI-positive (MSI+) cancers can be explained, the etiology of this specific subset is still poorly understood. As a possible new mechanism, it has been recently demonstrated that the overexpression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), such as miR-155, miR-21, miR-137, can induce MSI or modulate the expression of the genes involved in LS pathogenesis. MiRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by playing a critical role in the modulation of key oncogenic pathways. Increasing evidence of the link between MSI and miRNAs in LS prompted a deeper investigation into the miRNome involved in these diseases. In this regard, in this study, we discuss the emerging role of miRNAs as crucial players in the onset and progression of LS as well as their potential use as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the current view of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Ascrizzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Grazia Maria Arillotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Giulio Caridà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Stefania Signorelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Caterina Romeo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
- Medical Oncology and Translational Medical Oncology Units, University Hospital Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.A.); (K.G.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.A.); (C.R.); (P.T.)
- Medical Oncology and Translational Medical Oncology Units, University Hospital Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Na W, Lee IJ, Koh I, Kwon M, Song YS, Lee SH. Cancer-specific functional profiling in microsatellite-unstable (MSI) colon and endometrial cancers using combined differentially expressed genes and biclustering analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33647. [PMID: 37171359 PMCID: PMC10174364 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite-unstable (MSI) cancers have distinct genetic and clinical features from microsatellite-stable cancers, but the molecular functional differences between MSI cancers originating from different tissues or organs have not been well studied because the application of usual differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis is error-prone, producing too many noncancer-specific normally functioning genes. To maximize therapeutic efficacy, biomarkers reflecting cancer-specific differences between MSI cancers of different tissue origins should be identified. To identify functional differences between MSI colon and endometrial cancers, we combined DEG analysis and biclustering instead of DEG analysis alone and refined functionally relevant biclusters reflecting genuine functional differences between the 2 tumors. Specifically, using The Cancer Genome Atlas and genome-tissue expression as data sources, gene ontology (GO) enrichment tests were performed after routinely identifying DEGs between the 2 tumors with the exclusion of DEGs identified in their normal counterparts. Cancer-specific biclusters and associated enriched GO terms were obtained by biclustering with enrichment tests for the preferences for cancer type (either colon or endometrium) and GO enrichment tests for each cancer-specific bicluster, respectively. A novel childness score was developed to select functionally relevant biclusters among cancer-specific biclusters based on the extent to which the enriched GO terms of the biclusters tended to be child terms of the enriched GO terms in DEGs. The selected biclusters were tested using survival analysis to validate their clinical significance. We performed multiple sequential analyses to produce functionally relevant biclusters from the RNA sequencing data of MSI colon and endometrial cancer samples and their normal counterparts. We identified 3066 cancer-specific DEGs. Biclustering analysis revealed 153 biclusters and 41 cancer-specific biclusters were selected using Fisher exact test. A mean childness score over 0.6 was applied as the threshold and yielded 8 functionally relevant biclusters from cancer-specific biclusters. Functional differences appear to include gland cavitation and the TGF-β receptor, G protein, and cytokine pathways. In the survival analysis, 6 of the 8 functionally relevant biclusters were statistically significant. By attenuating noise and applying a synergistic contribution of DEG results, we refined candidate biomarkers to complement tissue-specific features of MSI tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Na
- Department of Pathology, H Plus Yangji Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il Ju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Insong Koh
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mihye Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Song
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Hak Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University, Seoul, South Korea
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Hereditary Colorectal Cancer: State of the Art in Lynch Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010075. [PMID: 36612072 PMCID: PMC9817772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is also known as Lynch syndrome. Lynch syndrome is associated with pathogenetic variants in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes. In addition to colorectal cancer, the inefficiency of the MMR system leads to a greater predisposition to cancer of the endometrium and other cancers of the abdominal sphere. Molecular diagnosis is performed to identify pathogenetic variants in MMR genes. However, for many patients with clinically suspected Lynch syndrome, it is not possible to identify a pathogenic variant in MMR genes. Molecular diagnosis is essential for referring patients to specific surveillance to prevent the development of tumors related to Lynch syndrome. This review summarizes the main aspects of Lynch syndrome and recent advances in the field and, in particular, emphasizes the factors that can lead to the loss of expression of MMR genes.
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Normal and Neoplastic Growth Suppression by the Extended Myc Network. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040747. [PMID: 35203395 PMCID: PMC8870482 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the first discovered and most prominent cellular oncogenes is MYC, which encodes a bHLH-ZIP transcription factor (Myc) that both activates and suppresses numerous genes involved in proliferation, energy production, metabolism and translation. Myc belongs to a small group of bHLH-ZIP transcriptional regulators (the Myc Network) that includes its obligate heterodimerization partner Max and six "Mxd proteins" (Mxd1-4, Mnt and Mga), each of which heterodimerizes with Max and largely opposes Myc's functions. More recently, a second group of bHLH-ZIP proteins (the Mlx Network) has emerged that bears many parallels with the Myc Network. It is comprised of the Myc-like factors ChREBP and MondoA, which, in association with the Max-like member Mlx, regulate smaller and more functionally restricted repertoires of target genes, some of which are shared with Myc. Opposing ChREBP and MondoA are heterodimers comprised of Mlx and Mxd1, Mxd4 and Mnt, which also structurally and operationally link the two Networks. We discuss here the functions of these "Extended Myc Network" members, with particular emphasis on their roles in suppressing normal and neoplastic growth. These roles are complex due to the temporal- and tissue-restricted expression of Extended Myc Network proteins in normal cells, their regulation of both common and unique target genes and, in some cases, their functional redundancy.
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Clinically Relevant Genes and Proteins Modulated by Tocotrienols in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines: Systematic Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114056. [PMID: 34836311 PMCID: PMC8625890 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed tremendous growth in tocotrienols (T3s) research, especially in the field of oncology, owing to potent anticancer property. Among the many types of cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is growing to become a serious global health threat to humans. Chemoprevention strategies in recent days are open to exploring alternative interventions to inhibit or delay carcinogenesis, especially with the use of bioactive natural compounds, such as tocotrienols. This scoping review aims to distil the large bodies of literature from various databases to identify the genes and their encoded modulations by tocotrienols and to explicate important mechanisms via which T3s combat CRC. For this scoping review, research papers published from 2010 to early 2021 related to T3s and human CRC cells were reviewed in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines. The study included research articles published in English, searchable on four literature databases (Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) that reported differential expression of genes and proteins in human CRC cell lines following exposure to T3s. A total of 12 articles that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were short-listed for data extraction and analysis. The results from the analysis of these 12 articles showed that T3s, especially its γ and δ analogues, modulated the expression of 16 genes and their encoded proteins that are associated with several important CRC pathways (apoptosis, transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, and cancer progression). Further studies and validation work are required to scrutinize the specific role of T3s on these genes and proteins and to propose the use of T3s to develop adjuvant or multi-targeted therapy for CRC.
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Ferragut Cardoso AP, Banerjee M, Nail AN, Lykoudi A, States JC. miRNA dysregulation is an emerging modulator of genomic instability. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:120-131. [PMID: 33979676 PMCID: PMC8576067 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability consists of a range of genetic alterations within the genome that contributes to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. It is a well-established characteristic of most cancer cells. Genome instability induction results from defects in DNA damage surveillance mechanisms, mitotic checkpoints and DNA repair machinery. Accumulation of genetic alterations ultimately sets cells towards malignant transformation. Recent studies suggest that miRNAs are key players in mediating genome instability. miRNAs are a class of small RNAs expressed in most somatic tissues and are part of the epigenome. Importantly, in many cancers, miRNA expression is dysregulated. Consequently, this review examines the role of miRNA dysregulation as a causal step for induction of genome instability and subsequent carcinogenesis. We focus specifically on mechanistic studies assessing miRNA(s) and specific subtypes of genome instability or known modes of genome instability. In addition, we provide insight on the existing knowledge gaps within the field and possible ways to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Ferragut Cardoso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Mayukh Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Alexandra N Nail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Angeliki Lykoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Pan F, Zhang D, Li N, Liu M. Circular RNA circFAT1(e2) Promotes Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis via the miR-30e-5p/ITGA6 Axis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9980459. [PMID: 34257702 PMCID: PMC8257361 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9980459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
circRNAs (circular RNAs) are a family of noncoding RNAs and have diverse physiological and pathological functions. However, the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the functions and roles of circFAT1(e2) in CRC. qRT-PCR revealed that circFAT1(e2) in CRC tumor tissues was upregulated compared with that in adjacent normal tissues and was also upregulated in CRC cell lines. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against circFAT1(e2) were used to decrease the expression of circFAT1(e2) in HCT116 and RKO cells in vitro. The roles of circFAT1(e2) in CRC cell metastasis and proliferation were then determined by transwell and CCK-8 assays. The results showed that circFAT1(e2) silencing markedly suppressed CRC growth. Moreover, we identified circFAT1(e2) as a promoter of CRC metastasis. Knockdown of circFAT1(e2) evidently reduced HCT116 and RKO cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the regulatory relationship between circFAT1(e2) and its target miRNAs was verified by a luciferase reporter assay. We demonstrated that circFAT1(e2) could sponge miR-30e-5p, which regulated the expression level of integrin α6 (ITGA6), the downstream target gene of miR-30e-5p. Rescue assays demonstrated that knockdown of miR-30e-5p enhanced CRC proliferation and migration via ITGA6. Taken together, our results reveal the novel oncogenic roles of circFAT1(e2) in CRC through the miR-30e-5p/ITGA6 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pan
- Department of General Practice, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, 201199 Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, 201199 Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of General Practice, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, 201199 Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of General Practice, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, 201199 Shanghai, China
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Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancers: Carcinogenesis, Neo-Antigens, Immuno-Resistance and Emerging Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123063. [PMID: 34205397 PMCID: PMC8235567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR) results in microsatellite instability (MSI). The MSI status of a tumor predicts the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that are now approved in patients with dMMR/MSI metastatic colorectal cancers. In addition to the mechanisms through which MSI can activate the immune system via particular neo-antigens, this review reports the clinical and pre-clinical strategies being developed in the case of resistance to ICI, including emerging therapies and new biomarkers. Abstract A defect in the DNA repair system through a deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR) leads to microsatellite instability (MSI). Microsatellites are located in both coding and non-coding sequences and dMMR/MSI tumors are associated with a high mutation burden. Some of these mutations occur in coding sequences and lead to the production of neo-antigens able to trigger an anti-tumoral immune response. This explains why non-metastatic MSI tumors are associated with high immune infiltrates and good prognosis. Metastatic MSI tumors result from tumor escape to the immune system and are associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance. Consequently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are highly effective and have recently been approved in dMMR/MSI metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC). Nevertheless, some patients with dMMR/MSI mCRC have primary or secondary resistance to ICI. This review details carcinogenesis and the mechanisms through which MSI can activate the immune system. After which, we discuss mechanistic hypotheses in an attempt to explain primary and secondary resistances to ICI and emerging strategies being developed to overcome this phenomenon by targeting other immune checkpoints or through vaccination and modification of microbiota.
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Favier A, Rocher G, Larsen AK, Delangle R, Uzan C, Sabbah M, Castela M, Duval A, Mehats C, Canlorbe G. MicroRNA as Epigenetic Modifiers in Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051137. [PMID: 33800944 PMCID: PMC7961497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 2nd most common gynecologic cancer worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that contribute to epigenetic regulation. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize our current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in the epigenetic deregulation of tumor-related genes in EC. It includes all miRNAs reported to be involved in EC including their roles in DNA methylation and RNA-associated silencing. This systematic review should be useful for development of novel strategies to improve diagnosis and risk assessment as well as for new treatments aimed at miRNAs, their target genes or DNA methylation. Abstract The objective of this systematic review is to summarize our current knowledge on the influence of miRNAs in the epigenetic deregulation of tumor-related genes in endometrial cancer (EC). We conducted a literature search on the role of miRNAs in the epigenetic regulation of EC applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following terms were used: microRNA, miRNA, miR, endometrial cancer, endometrium, epigenetic, epimutation, hypermethylation, lynch, deacetylase, DICER, novel biomarker, histone, chromatin. The miRNAs were classified and are presented according to their function (tumor suppressor or onco-miRNA), their targets (when known), their expression levels in EC tissue vs the normal surrounding tissue, and the degree of DNA methylation in miRNA loci and CpG sites. Data were collected from 201 articles, including 190 original articles, published between November 1, 2008 and September 30, 2020 identifying 313 different miRNAs implicated in epigenetic regulation of EC. Overall, we identified a total of 148 miRNAs with decreased expression in EC, 140 miRNAs with increased expression in EC, and 22 miRNAs with discordant expression levels. The literature implicated different epigenetic phenomena including altered miRNA expression levels (miR-182, -230), changes in the methylation of miRNA loci (miR-34b, -129-2, -130a/b, -152, -200b, -625) and increased/decreased methylation of target genes (miR-30d,-191). This work provides an overview of all miRNAs reported to be involved in epigenetic regulation in EC including DNA methylation and RNA-associated silencing. These findings may contribute to novel strategies in diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatments aimed at miRNAs, their target genes or DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia Favier
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Grégoire Rocher
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Romain Delangle
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Catherine Uzan
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Mathieu Castela
- Scarcell Therapeutics, 101 rue de Sèvres, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Alex Duval
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Céline Mehats
- U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Institut Cochin, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Geoffroy Canlorbe
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.C.)
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The Role of miRNAs, miRNA Clusters, and isomiRs in Development of Cancer Stem Cell Populations in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031424. [PMID: 33572600 PMCID: PMC7867000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have a critical role in regulating stem cells (SCs) during development and altered expression can cause developmental defects and/or disease. Indeed, aberrant miRNA expression leads to wide-spread transcriptional dysregulation which has been linked to many cancers. Mounting evidence also indicates a role for miRNAs in the development of the cancer SC (CSC) phenotype. Our goal herein is to provide a review of: (i) current research on miRNAs and their targets in colorectal cancer (CRC), and (ii) miRNAs that are differentially expressed in colon CSCs. MicroRNAs can work in clusters or alone when targeting different SC genes to influence CSC phenotype. Accordingly, we discuss the specific miRNA cluster classifications and isomiRs that are predicted to target the ALDH1, CD166, BMI1, LRIG1, and LGR5 SC genes. miR-23b and miR-92A are of particular interest because our previously reported studies on miRNA expression in isolated normal versus malignant human colonic SCs showed that miR-23b and miR-92a are regulators of the LGR5 and LRIG1 SC genes, respectively. We also identify additional miRNAs whose expression inversely correlated with mRNA levels of their target genes and associated with CRC patient survival. Altogether, our deliberation on miRNAs, their clusters, and isomiRs in regulation of SC genes could provide insight into how dysregulation of miRNAs leads to the emergence of different CSC populations and SC overpopulation in CRC.
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Jisha N, Vysakh A, Vijeesh V, Latha MS. Ethyl acetate fraction of Muntingia calabura L. exerts anti-colorectal cancer potential via regulating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113064. [PMID: 32505842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Muntingia calabura L. is a plant with traditional pharmacological relevance. The various plant parts are used by tribal communities for treating gastric ulcers, prostate gland swellings, headache, cold etc. Hence, an attempt was made to evaluate the anti-colorectal cancer potential of ethyl acetate fraction of M. calabura (EFMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS HR LC-MS analysis was carried out for the identification of compounds present in EFMC. 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced animal model was used for the evaluation of anti-CRC potential of EFMC. Antioxidant enzyme status, oxidative stress marker status, hepatic and renal function marker level were determined. Evaluation of mRNA level expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes, hematological and histopathological examinations were also carried out to figure out the extent of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the beneficial role offered by EFMC. RESULTS HR LC-MS analysis of EFMC revealed the presence of ten pharmacologically active compounds. EFMC treatment made the altered levels of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress markers, liver and renal function markers to retain near to its normal range. The hematological and histopathological evaluations also confirmed the anti-CRC effects exhibited by EFMC. EFMC offered a regulatory control over the inflammatory and apoptotic genes thereby mitigating the damaging effects of CRC. CONCLUSION The present study depicted the presence of therapeutically active compounds exhibiting strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential. The beneficial role offered by these compounds could be responsible for the amelioration of DMH induced CRC. Hence, EFMC can be used as an anti-CRC agent in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninan Jisha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - A Vysakh
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - V Vijeesh
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - M S Latha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
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13
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Brînzan C, Aşchie M, Cozaru G, Dumitru E, Mitroi A. The diagnostic value of miR-92a, -143, and -145 expression levels in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma from Romania. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21895. [PMID: 32871920 PMCID: PMC7458237 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) refers to a small, short non-coding RNA of endogenous class. They have shown to have an increasingly altered expression in many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC).In the present study, miRNA TaqManMGB and qRT-PCR was used to quantify the expression and clinical significance of 3 mature human miRNA in 82 pairs of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and normal adjacent tissue samples (NATS) collected from patients of the south-east part of Romania. Differences between CRC and NATS were analyzed using Wilcoxon test, while correlations between miRNAs expression levels and clinicopathological features were examined using non-parametric tests. In addition, the ability of selected miRNAs to function as biomarkers and, as potential indicators in CRC prognosis was also examined.When the miRNA expression was compared in CRC related NATS, miR-143, and miR-145 were significantly underexpressed (4.99 ± -1.02 vs -5.66 ± -1.66, P < .001; -4.85 ± -0.59 vs -9.27 ± -1.51, P < .001, respectively), while the pattern of miR-92a was significantly overexpressed (-5.55 ± -2.83 vs -4.92 ± -2.44, P < .001). Moreover, the expression levels of selected miRNAs were identified to be correlated with gradual increases in fold change expression with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node invasion, and maximal increases with distant metastasis. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that potential diagnostic of miR-143, miR-145, and miR-92a in discriminating CRC from NATS, with the area under the curve of 0.74, 0.85, and 0.84 respectively. The Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test showed that a high level of miR-92a and low levels of miR-143 and miR-145 predicted poor survival rate in our cohorts.In conclusion, we can summarize that miR-145 and miR-143 are decreased, while miR-92 is increased in CRC compared to NATS, and associated with different stages of CRC pathogenesis. Thus, the expression of selected miRNAs can represent potential diagnostic and prognostic tools in patients with CRC from Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costel Brînzan
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital
- CEDMOG Center, Ovidius University
| | - Mariana Aşchie
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital
| | - Georgeta Cozaru
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital
- CEDMOG Center, Ovidius University
| | - Eugen Dumitru
- CEDMOG Center, Ovidius University
- Gastroenterology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
| | - Anca Mitroi
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Clinical Emergency County Hospital
- CEDMOG Center, Ovidius University
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14
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Cusano AM, Aliberti A, Cusano A, Ruvo M. Detection of small DNA fragments by biolayer interferometry. Anal Biochem 2020; 607:113898. [PMID: 32777266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small molecular weight species such as miRNAs and other nucleic acid fragments are gaining an increased interest as biomarkers for relevant diseases. Also, cheap and rapid assays for their routine detection are becoming an urgent need. We have investigated the usability and convenience of a price affordable, label free and fast technique for their detection on a laboratory scale small device based on Bio-Layer Interferometry. Using a model DNA fragment (7 kDa), we have found that the technique is effectively fast and sensitive enough for the detection of nucleic acid fragments having a MW below the stated molecular size detection limit (10 kDa). The test molecule has been detected in solution at 100 nM in a direct capture experiment and up to about 10 nM following an improved approach where an enhancing probe is used to increase the apparent molecular dimensions of the analyte. The technique, following further optimizations, can be applied for the routine, cheap and fast analysis of small nucleic acid fragments that have a relevance in diagnosis and in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Aliberti
- Cerict Scarl, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Del Sannio, Italy
| | - Andrea Cusano
- Cerict Scarl, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Del Sannio, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Italy.
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15
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Qu X, Zhao L, Zhang R, Wei Q, Wang M. Differential microRNA expression profiles associated with microsatellite status reveal possible epigenetic regulation of microsatellite instability in gastric adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:484. [PMID: 32395528 PMCID: PMC7210178 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Although microsatellite instability (MSI) is a powerful predictive biomarker for the efficacy of immunotherapy, the mechanism of MSI in sporadic gastrointestinal cancer is not fully understood. However, epigenetics, particularly microRNAs, has been suggested as one of the main regulators that contribute to the MSI formation. Methods We used microRNA expression data of 386 gastric adenocarcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to identify differential microRNA expression profiles by different MSI status. We also obtained putative common target genes of the top differential microRNAs with miRanda online tools, and we analyzed these data by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment (KEGG). Results We found that 56 and 67 gastric adenocarcinoma samples were positive for low and high MSI, respectively, and that a high MSI status was associated with age, sex and subregion (P=0.049, 0.014 and 0.007, respectively). In the 67 samples with a high MSI status, expression levels of 14 microRNAs were upregulated but five microRNAs were downregulated as assessed by the fold change (FC), compared with that of the 56 samples with a low MSI status (P<0.05, |FC| >2). Further analysis suggested that the expression of miR-210-3p, miR-582-3p, miR-30a-3p and miR-105-5p predicted a high MSI status (P=4.93×10−10, 5.63×10−10, 3.23×10−9 and 7.64×10−4, respectively). Regulation of the transcription pathways ranked the top of lists from both GO and KEGG analyses, and these microRNAs might regulate DNA damage-repair genes that were also associated with a high MSI status. Conclusions MiR-30a-3p and miR-105-5p are potential biomarkers for the MSI-H gastric adenocarcinoma, possibly by altering expression of DNA damage-repair genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Qu
- Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruoxin Zhang
- Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Si Y, Xu L, Wang N, Zheng J, Yang R, Li J. Target MicroRNA-Responsive DNA Hydrogel-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor Arrays for MicroRNA-Marked Cancer Screening. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2649-2655. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, P. R. China
| | - Jishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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17
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Gavrilas LI, Cruceriu D, Ionescu C, Miere D, Balacescu O. Pro-apoptotic genes as new targets for single and combinatorial treatments with resveratrol and curcumin in colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2019; 10:3717-3726. [PMID: 31169275 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide with high mortality and an increased incidence rate. Bioactive dietary components such as curcumin and resveratrol have great therapeutic potential as they can modulate a plethora of signaling pathways related to colorectal carcinogenesis. Previous data have demonstrated that curcumin and resveratrol can induce apoptosis in different types of cancer cells. Considering the lack of data on the combinatorial effect of curcumin and resveratrol associated with the induction of apoptosis in colorectal pathology, the main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of single vs. combinatorial treatment of resveratrol and curcumin on their cytotoxic effects, as well as the modulation of several essential pro-apoptotic genes, on two colorectal cancer cell lines (DLD-1 and Caco-2) different in terms of chromosomal stability (MSI and MSS). The cytotoxic effects were evaluated by the MTT assay, the nature of the interaction between curcumin and resveratrol was assessed by the combination index method and the expression levels of key genes involved in the modulation of pro-apoptotic mechanisms were evaluated by RT-qPCR. Our data indicate that the combination treatment of curcumin and resveratrol is more effective in inhibiting the proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with a synergistic effect for the DLD-1 cell line (CI < 1) and an additive effect for the Caco-2 cell line (CI ≥ 1). The IC50 values for the combination treatment were 71.8 μM (20.5 μM curcumin + 51.3 μM resveratrol) for the DLD-1 cell line and 66.21 μM (18.9 μM curcumin + 47.3 μM resveratrol) for the Caco-2 cell line, respectively. Our data pointed out, for the first time, that several genes involved in the modulation of apoptosis, including PMAIP1, BID, ZMAT3, CASP3, CASP7, and FAS, represent new targets of both singular and combinatorial treatments with resveratrol and curcumin, and also the combinatorial approach of curcumin and resveratrol exhibits a more powerful gene regulating effect compared to single treatment. Considering the beneficial aspects of the combinatorial approach with curcumin and resveratrol on colorectal cancer cells further studies should address the possible pharmacological benefits of using a combination of both dietary agents with different chemotherapeutic drug approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ioana Gavrilas
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
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18
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Wan TMH, Iyer DN, Ng L. Roles of microRNAs as non-invasive biomarker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:225-237. [PMID: 31617575 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous, short non-coding RNA molecules that function as critical regulators of various biological processes. There is a strong functional evidence linking the involvement of dysregulated miRNAs to the occurrence, development and progression of colorectal cancer. Studies indicate that while overexpression of oncomiRs, and repression of tumor suppressor miRNAs tends to drive the overall tumorigenic process, the global picture of aberrant miRNA expression in colorectal cancer can classify the disease into multiple molecular phenotypes. Moreover, the expression pattern of miRNAs in colorectal cancer make them viable disease determinants as well as potential therapeutic targets. Through this review, we will summarize the importance of miRNAs in the etiology and progression of colorectal cancer. Specifically, we will explore the key role played by these RNA molecules as likely therapeutic avenues and the strategies presently available to target them. Finally, we will investigate the role of miRNAs as potential non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Ming-Hun Wan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong
| | | | - Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong.
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19
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Shirmohamadi M, Eghbali E, Najjary S, Mokhtarzadeh A, Kojabad AB, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Lotfinezhad P, Baradaran B. Regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs in colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:776-789. [PMID: 31264216 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal and hard-to-treat cancers in the world, which in its advanced stages, surgery and chemotherapy are the main common treatment approaches. The microRNAs (miRNAs), as novel markers for CRC detection, promote their regulatory effects via the 3'-untranslated binding region (3'-UTR) of target messenger RNA in posttranscriptional regulation of genes and also play a pivotal role in modulating resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. These small noncoding RNAs have also a critical role in CRC stem cells (CRCSCs) regulation, comprising self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are distinctive cell types inside a tumor tissue that are believed to derive from normal somatic stem cells. The CSCs have self-renewal abilities, angiogenesis, as well as specific surface markers expression characteristics. Furthermore, they are frequently criticized for tumor maintenance, treatment resistance, tumor development, and distant metastasis. In this review, we discuss the current understandings of CRCSCs and their environment with a focus on the role of miRNAs on the regulation of CSCs and their targeting application in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Shirmohamadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Eghbali
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Group, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shiva Najjary
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Parisa Lotfinezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Dai L, Li J, Dong Z, Liu Y, Chen Y, Chen N, Cheng L, Fang C, Wang H, Ji Y, Chen S, Su X, Shi G, Lin Y, Zhang S, Yang Y, Qiu M, Yu D, Huang W, Zhou Z, Wei Y, Deng H. Temporal expression and functional analysis of long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer initiation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4127-4138. [PMID: 30920116 PMCID: PMC6533480 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have potential applications in clinical diagnosis and targeted cancer therapies. However, the expression profile of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation is still unclear. In this study, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were determined by microarray at specific tumour stages in an AOM/DSS-induced primary colon cancer model. The temporal expression of lncRNAs was analysed by K-means clustering. Additionally, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and gene ontology analysis were performed to construct co-expression networks and establish functions of the identified lncRNAs and mRNAs. Our results suggested that 4307 lncRNAs and 5798 mRNAs are deregulated during CRC initiation. These differential expression genes (DEGs) exhibited a clear correlation with the differential stage of tumour initiation. WGCNA results suggested that a series of hub lncRNAs are involved in regulating cell stemness, colon inflammation, oxidative stress response and cell death at each stage. Among them, lncRNA H19 was up-regulated in colon tumours and correlated with poor patient prognosis. Collectively, we have been the first to demonstrate the temporal expression and function of lncRNAs in CRC initiation. These results provide novel diagnosis and therapy targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Junshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Zhexu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Centerthe State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Centerthe State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Dechao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research CenterWest China Hospital/West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
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21
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Cross-platform Data Analysis Reveals a Generic Gene Expression Signature for Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6763596. [PMID: 31008109 PMCID: PMC6441508 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6763596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The dysfunction of the DNA mismatch repair system results in microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI plays a central role in the development of multiple human cancers. In colon cancer, despite being associated with resistance to 5-fluorouracil treatment, MSI is a favourable prognostic marker. In gastric and endometrial cancers, its prognostic value is not so well established. Nevertheless, recognising the MSI tumours may be important for predicting the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Several gene expression signatures were trained on microarray data sets to understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. A wealth of expression data already exists in the form of microarray data sets. However, the RNA-seq has become a routine for transcriptome analysis. A new MSI gene expression signature presented here is the first to be valid across two different platforms, microarrays and RNA-seq. In the case of colon cancer, its estimated performance was (i) AUC = 0.94, 95% CI = (0.90 – 0.97) on RNA-seq and (ii) AUC = 0.95, 95% CI = (0.92 – 0.97) on microarray. The 25-gene expression signature was also validated in two independent microarray colon cancer data sets. Despite being derived from colorectal cancer, the signature maintained good performance on RNA-seq and microarray gastric cancer data sets (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI = (0.85 – 0.94) and AUC = 0.83, 95% CI = (0.69 – 0.97), respectively). Furthermore, this classifier retained high concordance even when classifying RNA-seq endometrial cancers (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI = (0.62 – 0.81). These results indicate that the new signature was able to remove the platform-specific differences while preserving the underlying biological differences between MSI/MSS phenotypes in colon cancer samples.
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22
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Mjelle R, Sjursen W, Thommesen L, Sætrom P, Hofsli E. Small RNA expression from viruses, bacteria and human miRNAs in colon cancer tissue and its association with microsatellite instability and tumor location. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:161. [PMID: 30786859 PMCID: PMC6381638 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNA) and other small RNAs are frequently dysregulated in cancer and are promising biomarkers for colon cancer. Here we profile human, virus and bacteria small RNAs in normal and tumor tissue from early stage colon cancer and correlate the expression with clinical parameters. METHODS Small RNAs from colon cancer tissue and adjacent normal mucosa of 48 patients were sequenced using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Clinical parameters were correlated with the small RNA expression data using linear models. We performed a meta-analysis by comparing publicly available small RNA sequencing datasets with our original sequencing data to confirm the main findings. RESULTS We identified 331 differentially expressed miRNAs between tumor and normal samples. We found that the major changes in miRNA expression between left and right colon are due to miRNAs located within the Hox-developmental genes, including miR-10b, miR-196b and miR-615. Further, we identified new miRNAs associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), including miR-335, miR-26 and miR-625. We performed a meta-analysis on all publicly available miRNA-seq datasets and identified 117 common miRNAs that were differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissue. The miRNAs miR-135b and miR-31 were the most significant upregulated miRNA in tumor across all datasets. The miRNA miR-133a was the most strongly downregulated miRNA in our dataset and also showed consistent downregulation in the other datasets. The miRNAs associated with MSI and tumor location in our data showed similar changes in the other datasets. Finally, we show that small RNAs from Epstein-Barr virus and Fusobacterium nucleatum are differentially expressed between tumor and normal adjacent tissue. CONCLUSIONS Small RNA profiling in colon cancer tissue revealed novel RNAs associated with MSI and tumor location. We show that Fusobacterium nucleatum are detectable at the RNA-level in colon tissue, and that both Fusobacterium nucleatum and Epstein-Barr virus separate tumor and normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mjelle
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Erling Skjalgssons gt 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Wenche Sjursen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Erling Skjalgssons gt 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim Norway, Erling Skjalgssons gt 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Thommesen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Erling Skjalgssons gt 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Erling Skjalgssons gt 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Sem Sælandsvei 9, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Bioinformatics core facility-BioCore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Hofsli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Erling Skjalgssons gt 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,The Cancer Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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23
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Bharti A, Agnihotri N, Prabhakar N. A voltammetric hybridization assay for microRNA-21 using carboxylated graphene oxide decorated with gold-platinum bimetallic nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:185. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Kandhavelu J, Subramanian K, Khan A, Omar A, Ruff P, Penny C. Computational Analysis of miRNA and their Gene Targets Significantly Involved in Colorectal Cancer Progression. Microrna 2019; 8:68-75. [PMID: 30073936 DOI: 10.2174/2211536607666180803100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in women and the fourth most common cancer in men. Dysregulation of small non-coding miRNAs have been correlated with colon cancer progression. Since there are increasing reports of candidate miRNAs as potential biomarkers for CRC, this makes it important to explore common miRNA biomarkers for colon cancer. As computational prediction of miRNA targets is a critical initial step in identifying miRNA: mRNA target interactions for validation, we aim here to construct a potential miRNA network and its gene targets for colon cancer from previously reported candidate miRNAs, inclusive of 10 up- and 9 down-regulated miRNAs from tissues; and 10 circulatory miRNAs. METHODS The gene targets were predicted using DIANA-microT-CDS and TarBaseV7.0 databases. Each miRNA and its targets were analyzed further for colon cancer hotspot genes, whereupon DAVID analysis and mirPath were used for KEGG pathway analysis. RESULTS We have predicted 874 and 157 gene targets for tissue and serum specific miRNA candidates, respectively. The enrichment of miRNA revealed that particularly hsa-miR-424-5p, hsa-miR-96-5p, hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-224, hsa-miR-133a and has-miR-363-3p present possible targets for colon cancer hallmark genes, including BRAF, KRAS, EGFR, APC, amongst others. DAVID analysis of miRNA and associated gene targets revealed the KEGG pathways most related to cancer and colon cancer. Similar results were observed in mirPath analysis. A new insight gained in the colon cancer network pathway was the association of hsa-mir-133a and hsa-mir-96-5p with the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In the present study, target prediction shows that while hsa-mir-424-5p has an association with mostly 10 colon cancer hallmark genes, only their associations with MAP2 and CCND1 have been experimentally validated. CONCLUSION These miRNAs and their targets require further evaluation for a better understanding of their associations, ultimately with the potential to develop novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
- Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kumar Subramanian
- Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amber Khan
- Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aadilah Omar
- Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul Ruff
- Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
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25
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Qi F, Qin WX, Zang YS. Molecular mechanism of triple-negative breast cancer-associated BRCA1 and the identification of signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2905-2914. [PMID: 30854067 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAC1 has multiple important interactions with triple-negative breast cancer, the specific molecular characteristics of this interaction, however, have not yet been completely elucidated. By examining cell signaling pathways, important information for comprehending the potential mechanisms of this cancer may become known. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of BRAC1 and to find the signaling pathway(s) involved in the pathogenic mechanism of triple-negative breast cancer. In this study, GSE27447 microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from GSE27447 were distinguished by Significant Analysis of Microarray. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was carried out on 132 upregulated and 198 downregulated genes with DAVID. The signaling was forecast by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Transcription factors were recognized by TFatS. The BRAC1 relevant protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) were fixed by STRING and visualized by CytoScape. Overall, the upregulated DEGs, which included CR2, IGHM, PRKCB, CARD11, PLCG2, CD79A, IGKC and CD27, were primarily enriched in the terms associated with immune responses, and the downregulated DEGs, which included STARD3, ALDH8A1, SRD5A3, CACNA1H, UGT2B4, SDR16C5 and MED1, were primarily enriched in the hormone metabolic process. In addition, 13 pathways, such as the B-cell receptor-signaling pathway, the hormone synthesis signaling pathway and the oxytocin-signaling pathway, were chosen. MYC, SP1 and CTNNB1 were determined to be enriched in triple-negative breast cancer. A total of 8 genes were identified to be downregulated in the BRAC1-related PPI network. The results of the present study show a fresh angle on the molecular mechanism of triple-negative breast cancer and indicate a possible target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qi
- Department of Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xing Qin
- Department of Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Zang
- Department of Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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26
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Asadi M, Shanehbandi D, Asvadi Kermani T, Sanaat Z, Zafari V, Hashemzadeh S. Expression Level of Caspase Genes in Colorectal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1277-1280. [PMID: 29801534 PMCID: PMC6031845 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.5.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Caspases proteins are protease enzymes involved in the initiation and execution of apoptosis process. Regulation of apoptosis process plays an important role in the normal biological events and development. In addition to developmental abnormalities, dysregulated apoptosis system may lead to tumorigenesis, autoimmunity, and other serious health problems. Aberrant regulation of apoptosis may also be the paramount cause of chemoresistance during cancer therapy. It is aimed through this study to evaluate the transcript levels of Caspase 3, 8, and 9 in tumoral tissues from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and compare it with normal marginal tissues. Methods: Fifty tumor tissues and their matched marginal tissues, as control group, were obtained from CRC patients. Total mRNA of all tissue samples was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Using SYBR Green PCR master mix and Real-time gene expression technique, the transcript level of target genes was quantified. Results: Experiments indicated that mRNA expressions of caspase 9 and 3 were downregulated in tumoral tissues from CRC patients in comparison to marginal tissues. In contrast, tumoral tissues expressed mRNA of caspase 8 higher than normal marginal tissues. Modified transcript levels of caspase 3, 8, and 9 were correlated with the clinical manifestations of the patients. Conclusions: Alteration in the mRNA level of caspase genes may be involved in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Asadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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27
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Li H, Wu Q, Li T, Liu C, Xue L, Ding J, Shi Y, Fan D. The miR-17-92 cluster as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer: evidence and literature review. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45060-45071. [PMID: 28178677 PMCID: PMC5542167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intestinal metaplasia is considered to be a pre-cancerous lesion of gastric cancer. The miR-17-92 cluster was previously reported to have clinical value in the prediction of cancer development. This study aimed to test the diagnostic value of miR-17-92 in gastric cancer and the intestinal metaplasia patients compared with the normal ones. Results The results showed that miR-17-92 members were over-expressed in the serum of both gastric cancer and intestinal metaplasia patients, compared with healthy controls. Serum miR-17-92 members could also distinguish patients with gastric cancer and intestinal metaplasia from healthy controls. Materials and Methods Serum miR-17-92 expression levels were detected using quantitative real-time PCR in 75 patients with gastric cancer, 104 patients with intestinal metaplasia and 38 healthy controls. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were then analyzed to test the efficacy of the miR-17-92 members in distinguishing gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia and healthy controls. Conclusions In conclusion, the miR-17-92 cluster might be useful as a potential serum biomarker for the early detection of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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28
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Coebergh van den Braak RRJ, Sieuwerts AM, Lalmahomed ZS, Smid M, Wilting SM, Bril SI, Xiang S, van der Vlugt-Daane M, de Weerd V, van Galen A, Biermann K, van Krieken JHJM, Kloosterman WP, Foekens JA, Martens JWM, IJzermans JNM. Confirmation of a metastasis-specific microRNA signature in primary colon cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5242. [PMID: 29588449 PMCID: PMC5869672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer who may benefit from adjuvant therapy may allow the clinical approach to be tailored for these patients based on an understanding of tumour biology. MicroRNAs have been proposed as markers of the prognosis or treatment response in colorectal cancer. Recently, a 2-microRNA signature (let-7i and miR-10b) was proposed to identify colorectal cancer patients at risk of developing distant metastasis. We assessed the prognostic value of this signature and additional candidate microRNAs in an independent, clinically well-defined, prospectively collected cohort of primary colon cancer patients including stage I-II colon cancer without and stage III colon cancer with adjuvant treatment. The 2-microRNA signature specifically predicted hepatic recurrence in the stage I-II group, but not the overall ability to develop distant metastasis. The addition of miR-30b to the 2-microRNA signature allowed the prediction of both distant metastasis and hepatic recurrence in patients with stage I-II colon cancer who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Available gene expression data allowed us to associate miR-30b expression with axon guidance and let-7i expression with cell adhesion, migration, and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anieta M Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zarina S Lalmahomed
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Wilting
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra I Bril
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shanshan Xiang
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle van der Vlugt-Daane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanja de Weerd
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne van Galen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Biermann
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Han J M van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud UMC, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wigard P Kloosterman
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Ottman R, Levy J, Grizzle WE, Chakrabarti R. The other face of miR-17-92a cluster, exhibiting tumor suppressor effects in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73739-73753. [PMID: 27650539 PMCID: PMC5340125 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-17-92a cluster miRNAs are transcribed from a polycistronic transcription unit C13orf25 that generates six mature miRNAs, miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20a and miR-92a that are overexpressed in lung and colon cancers. Here we show that the expression of miR-17-92a miRNAs are reduced in cancerous prostate tissues compared to uninvolved areas and also in aggressive prostate cancer cells. Restoration of expression of all members of miR-17-92a cluster showed, decreased expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1 and SSH1; and LIMK1 and FGD4 of RhoGTPase signaling pathway. Expression of miR-17-92a miRNAs caused decreased cell proliferation, reduced activation of AKT and MAP kinases, delayed tumorigenicity and reduced tumor growth in animals. Expression of miR-17-92a miRNAs inhibited EMT via reduced cell migration and expression of mesenchymal markers while elevating expression and surface localization of the epithelial marker E-Cadherin. Expression of miR-17-92a miRNAs improved sensitivity of androgen dependent LNCaP 104-S prostate cancer cells to anti-androgen drug Casodex, AKT inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl, and docetaxel. The androgen refractory PC-3 cells also showed increased sensitivity to docetaxel, MK-2206 2HCl and Aurora kinase inhibitor VX680 upon ectopic expression of miR-17-92a cluster miRNAs. Our data demonstrate a tumor suppressor effect of miR-17-92a cluster miRNAs in prostate cancer cells and restoration of expression of these miRNAs has a therapeutic benefit for both androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ottman
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jenna Levy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - William E Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ratna Chakrabarti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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30
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Hosseini MK, Gunel T, Gumusoglu E, Benian A, Aydinli K. MicroRNA expression profiling in placenta and maternal plasma in early pregnancy loss. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4941-4952. [PMID: 29393376 PMCID: PMC5865953 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Early pregnancy loss (EPL), also termed early miscarriage, is determined as the unintentional expulsion of an embryo or fetus prior to the 12th week of gestation. EPL frequency is ~15% in pregnancies. Fetal development and growth is associate with placental function and vessel development; therefore, the placental genome would represent a useful miscarriage model for (epi)genetic and genomic studies. An important factor of placental development and function is epigenetic regulation of gene expression. microRNAs (miRNAs) are the primary epigenetic regulators which have an important role in placental development and function. In the present study, maternal plasma and villous tissue were collected from 16 EPL cases in 6th-8th gestational weeks (GWs) and 8 abortions (control group) in 6th-8th GWs. Detection of the differences in miRNA expression was performed using microarrays and dysregulated miRNAs were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). miRNA microarray findings revealed that four miRNAs, including hsa-miRNA (miR)-125a-3p, hsa-miR-3663-3p, hsa-miR-423-5p and hsa-miR-575 were upregulated in tissue samples. In maternal plasma, two miRNAs (hsa-let-7c, hsa-miR-122) were upregulated and one miRNA (hsa-miR-135a) was downregulated. A total of 6 out of 7 dysregulated miRNAs were validated using RT-qPCR. The target genes of these dysregulated miRNAs were detected using the GeneSpring database. The aim of the present study was to detect dysregulated miRNAs in maternal plasma and villous cells and identify the target genes of dysregulated miRNAs and their associated pathways. The target gene analyses have revealed that the affected genes are primarily associated with cell migration, proliferation, implantation, adhesion, angiogenesis and differentiation and all are involved with EPL pathogenesis. Therefore, the present study may contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms which lead to EPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazem Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - Tuba Gunel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - Ece Gumusoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - Ali Benian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
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31
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Porcellini E, Laprovitera N, Riefolo M, Ravaioli M, Garajova I, Ferracin M. Epigenetic and epitranscriptomic changes in colorectal cancer: Diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment implications. Cancer Lett 2018; 419:84-95. [PMID: 29360561 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A cancer cell is the final product of a complex mixture of genetic, epigenetic and epitranscriptomic alterations, whose final interplay contribute to cancer onset and progression. This is specifically true for colorectal cancer, a tumor with a strong epigenetic component, which acts earlier than any other genetic alteration in promoting cancer cell malignant transformation. The pattern of progressive, and usually subtype-specific, DNA and histone modifications that occur in colorectal cancer has been extensively studied in the last decade, providing plenty of data to explore. For this tumor, it became recently evident that also RNA modifications play a relevant role in the activation of oncogenes or repression of tumor suppressor genes. In this review we provide a brief overview of all epigenetic and epitranscriptomic changes that have been found associated to colorectal cancer till now. We explore the impact of these alterations in cancer prognosis and response to treatment and discuss their potential use as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Porcellini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Noemi Laprovitera
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Riefolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ingrid Garajova
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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32
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Ahmed FE, Ahmed NC, Gouda MM, Vos PW, Bonnerup C. RT-qPCR for Fecal Mature MicroRNA Quantification and Validation. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1765:203-215. [PMID: 29589310 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7765-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
By routinely and systematically being able to perform quantitative stem-loop reverse transcriptase (RT) followed by TaqMan® minor-groove binding (MGB) probe, real-time quantitative PCR analysis on exfoliated enriched colonocytes in stool, using human (Homo sapiens, hsa) micro(mi)RNAs to monitor changes of their expression at various stages of colorectal (CRC) progression, this method allows for the reliable and quantitative diagnostic screening of colon cancer (CC). Although the expression of some miRNA genes tested in tissue shows less variability in normal or cancerous patients than in stool, the noninvasive stool by itself is well suited for CC screening. An miRNA approach using stool promises to offer more sensitivity and specificity than currently used genomic, methylomic, or proteomic methods for CC screening.To present an application of employing miRNAs as diagnostic markers for CC screening, we carried out global microarray expression studies on stool colonocytes isolated by paramagnetic beads, using Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 3.0 Array, to select a panel of miRNAs for subsequent focused semiquantitative PCR analysis studies. We then conducted a stem-loop RT-TaqMan® MGB probes, followed by a modified real-time qPCR expression study on 20 selected miRNAs for subsequent validation of the extracted immunocaptured total small RNA isolated from stool colonocytes. Results showed 12 miRNAs (miR-7, miR-17, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-92a, miR-96, miR-106a, miR-134, miR-183, miR-196a, miR-199a-3p, and miR214) to have an increased expression in stool of CC patients, and that later TNM stages exhibited more increased expressions than adenomas, while 8 miRNAs (miR-9, miR-29b, miR-127-5p, miR-138, miR-143, miR-146a, miR-222, and miR-938) showed decreased expressions in stool of CC patients, which becomes more pronounced as the cancer progresses from early to late TNM stages (0-IV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid E Ahmed
- GEM Tox Labs, Institute for Research in Biotechnology, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Nancy C Ahmed
- GEM Tox Labs, Institute for Research in Biotechnology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Mostafa M Gouda
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paul W Vos
- Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Chris Bonnerup
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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33
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Lu D, Tang L, Zhuang Y, Zhao P. miR-17-3P regulates the proliferation and survival of colon cancer cells by targeting Par4. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:618-623. [PMID: 29115593 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide. However, the pathogenesis by which CRC progression occurs remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated the role of miRNA (miR)‑17‑3P in the regulation of CRC cell survival. Firstly, miR‑17‑3P expression was aberrantly upregulated in human CRC tumor tissues compared with controls. Further results demonstrated that the proliferation capacity of human CRC SW480 and LoVo cells was significantly increased by an miR‑17‑3P specific mimic, and was inhibited by miR‑17‑3P silencing. Conversely, the apoptosis of human CRC cells was remarkably decreased by miR‑17‑3P mimic, and enhanced by miR‑17‑3P suppression compared with control. Additionally, it was observed that there was a potential binding site of miR‑17‑3P on the 3'‑untranslated region of Prostate apoptosis responde‑4 (Par4) and miR‑17‑3P may directly target Par4 mRNA. In human CRC cells, an miR‑17‑3P inhibitor significantly upregulated Par 4 expression, however the miR‑17‑3P mimic reduced Par4expression. Furthermore, Par4 expression exhibited an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of CRC cells transfected with miR‑17‑3P mimic, and exhibited a promoting role in the repressed apoptosis by miR‑17‑3P mimic. Inconclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR‑17‑3P is important in CRC cell survival by targeting Par4, indicating a novel finding regarding human CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Colorectal Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300202, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Colorectal Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300202, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300202, P.R. China
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34
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Jiao W, Leng X, Zhou Q, Wu Y, Sun L, Tan Y, Ni H, Dong X, Shen T, Liu Y, Li J. Different miR-21-3p isoforms and their different features in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2103-2111. [PMID: 28734015 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MiR-21, the only microRNA (miRNA) found to be overexpressed in any type of solid tumor, its guide stand, miR-21-5p, has been studied a lot in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, few researchers focused on its passenger strand, miR-21-3p. In our study, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we found that there were more varieties and quantities of miR-21-3p isoforms in microsatellite instability (MSI)-type CRC. We further examined the role of miR-21-3p by in vitro and in vivo studies. MiR-21-3p may be an oncogene in CRC by promoting cellular mobility through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, different isoforms, especially miR-21-3p 0 | 2, may be a favorable prognostic marker for CRC survival, probably due to increased complementary effect of miR-21-5p and/or target genes. Further study investigating the underlying mechanism of miRNA isoforms is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Jiao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Leng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Pathology, the First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengli Ni
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Dong
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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35
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Sun R, Liang Y, Yuan F, Nie X, Sun H, Wang Y, Yu T, Gao L, Zhang L. Functional polymorphisms in the promoter region of miR-17-92 cluster are associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82531-82540. [PMID: 29137282 PMCID: PMC5669908 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-17-92 cluster is identified as a potential oncogenic miRNA. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of miR-17-92 cluster with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Three polymorphisms (i.e., rs9588884, rs982873 and rs1813389) in the promoter of miR-17-92 were analyzed among 874 cases and 1132 controls using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay or a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Relative expression of miR-17-92 was examined among CRC tumors and noncancerous tissues using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Transcriptional activities were measured using dual-luciferase reporter assay. We found a significantly reduced CRC risk with the rs9588884 (GG vs. CC: adjusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI, 0.35-0.62; dominant model: adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI, 0.59-0.86; recessive model: adjusted OR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.40-0.69) and the rs982873 (CC vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.60, 95%CI, 0.46-0.80; recessive model: adjusted OR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.49-0.80). Haplotype analysis showed that the GCG haplotype had a decreased risk for CRC compared to the CTA haplotype (adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.57-0.79). The rs9588884 GG displayed a lower level of miR-20a and the rs982873 CC displayed a lower level of miR-17. Additionally, the rare allele of rs9588884 G and the rs982873 C revealed a reduced luciferase activity. These findings indicate that the rs9588884 GG and the rs982873 CC in the promoter of miR-17-92 may protect against CRC, possibly by decreasing transcriptional activity and eventually resulting in lower levels of miR-20a and miR-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yundan Liang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Division of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xinwen Nie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Division of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Child Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Linbo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Non-coding RNAs Enabling Prognostic Stratification and Prediction of Therapeutic Response in Colorectal Cancer Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 937:183-204. [PMID: 27573901 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease and current treatment options for patients are associated with a wide range of outcomes and tumor responses. Although the traditional TNM staging system continues to serve as a crucial tool for estimating CRC prognosis and for stratification of treatment choices and long-term survival, it remains limited as it relies on macroscopic features and cases of surgical resection, fails to incorporate new molecular data and information, and cannot perfectly predict the variety of outcomes and responses to treatment associated with tumors of the same stage. Although additional histopathologic features have recently been applied in order to better classify individual tumors, the future might incorporate the use of novel molecular and genetic markers in order to maximize therapeutic outcome and to provide accurate prognosis. Such novel biomarkers, in addition to individual patient tumor phenotyping and other validated genetic markers, could facilitate the prediction of risk of progression in CRC patients and help assess overall survival. Recent findings point to the emerging role of non-protein-coding regions of the genome in their contribution to the progression of cancer and tumor formation. Two major subclasses of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are often dysregulated in CRC and have demonstrated their diagnostic and prognostic potential as biomarkers. These ncRNAs are promising molecular classifiers and could assist in the stratification of patients into appropriate risk groups to guide therapeutic decisions and their expression patterns could help determine prognosis and predict therapeutic options in CRC.
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Romero M, Gapihan G, Castro-Vega LJ, Acevedo A, Wang L, Li ZW, El Bouchtaoui M, Di Benedetto M, Ratajczak P, Feugeas JP, Thieblemont C, Saavedra C, Janin A. Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: transcriptional regulation by miR-92a through FOXP1 targeting. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16243-16258. [PMID: 27806315 PMCID: PMC5369960 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) shares pathological features with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and molecular features with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). The miR-17∼92 oncogenic cluster, located at chromosome 13q31, is a region that is amplified in DLBCL. Methods Here we compared the expression of each member of the miR-17∼92 oncogenic cluster in samples from 40 PMBL patients versus 20 DLBCL and 20 cHL patients, and studied the target genes linked to deregulated miRNA in PMBL. Results We found a higher level of miR-92a in PMBL than in DLBCL, but not in cHL. A combination of in silico prediction and transcriptomic analyses enabled us to identify FOXP1 as a main miR-92a target gene in PMBL, a result so far not established. This was confirmed by 3UTR, and RNA and protein expressions in transduced cell lines. In vivo studies using the transduced cell lines in mice enabled us to demonstrate a tumor suppressor effect of miR-92a and an oncogenic effect of FOXP1. A higher expression of miR-92a and the down-regulation of FOXP1 mRNA and protein expression were also found in human samples of PMBL, while miR-92a expression was low and FOXP1 was high in DLBCL. Conclusions We concluded to a post-transcriptional regulation by miR-92a through FOXP1 targeting in PMBL, with a clinico-pathological relevance for better characterisation of PMBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Romero
- Université-Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S-1165, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France.,Hospital-Universitario-Fundación-Santa-Fe-de-Bogotá, Pathology-Department, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Guillaume Gapihan
- Université-Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S-1165, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Andrés Acevedo
- Hospital-Universitario-Fundación-Santa-Fe-de-Bogotá, Pathology-Department, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Li Wang
- Université-Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S-1165, Paris, France.,Pôle-Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Génomique, Molecular-Pathology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Wei Li
- Université-Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S-1165, Paris, France.,Pôle-Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Génomique, Molecular-Pathology, Shanghai, China
| | - Morad El Bouchtaoui
- Université-Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S-1165, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Di Benedetto
- Université-Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S-1165, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ratajczak
- Université-Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S-1165, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Feugeas
- Université-Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S-1165, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1137, Paris, France
| | | | - Carlos Saavedra
- Hospital-Universitario-Fundación-Santa-Fe-de-Bogotá, Pathology-Department, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Anne Janin
- Université-Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S-1165, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France.,AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Pathology-Department-Paris, Paris, France
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38
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Circular RNA mediates cardiomyocyte death via miRNA-dependent upregulation of MTP18 expression. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1111-1120. [PMID: 28498369 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important roles in several cellular processes. No study has established the pathophysiological role for circRNAs in the heart. Here, we show that a circRNA (mitochondrial fission and apoptosis-related circRNA (MFACR)) regulates mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in the heart by directly targeting and downregulating miR-652-3p; this in turn blocks mitochondrial fission and cardiomyocyte cell death by suppressing MTP18 translation. MTP18 deficiency reduces mitochondrial fission and suppresses cardiomyocyte apoptosis and MI. miR-652-3p directly downregulates MTP18 and attenuates mitochondrial fission, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and MI in vitro and in vivo. MFACR directly sequesters miR-652-3p in the cytoplasm and inhibits its activity. MFACR knockdown in cardiomyocytes and mice attenuates mitochondrial fission and MI. Our results reveal a crucial role for circRNA in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis in the heart; as such, circRNAs may serve as a potential therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases.
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39
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Tuning of major signaling networks (TGF-β, Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog) by miRNAs in human stem cells commitment to different lineages: Possible clinical application. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:849-860. [PMID: 28501774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two distinguishing characteristics of stem cells, their continuous division in the undifferentiated state and growth into any cell types, are orchestrated by a number of cell signaling pathways. These pathways act as a niche factor in controlling variety of stem cells. The core stem cell signaling pathways include Wingless-type (Wnt), Hedgehog (HH), and Notch. Additionally, they critically regulate the self-renewal and survival of cancer stem cells. Conversely, stem cells' main properties, lineage commitment and stemness, are tightly controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA-mediated regulatory events. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are cellular switches that modulate stem cells outcomes in response to diverse extracellular signals. Numerous scientific evidences implicating miRNAs in major signal transduction pathways highlight new crosstalks of cellular processes. Aberrant signaling pathways and miRNAs levels result in developmental defects and diverse human pathologies. This review discusses the crosstalk between the components of main signaling networks and the miRNA machinery, which plays a role in the context of stem cells development and provides a set of examples to illustrate the extensive relevance of potential novel therapeutic targets.
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40
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Rahmani F, Avan A, Hashemy SI, Hassanian SM. Role of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling regulatory microRNAs in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:811-817. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Modern Sciences and TechnologiesSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Cancer Research CenterSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Microanatomy Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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41
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Liu HY, Zhang CJ. Identification of differentially expressed genes and their upstream regulators in colorectal cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2017; 24:244-250. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Xiong Y, Sun F, Dong P, Watari H, Yue J, Yu MF, Lan CY, Wang Y, Ma ZB. iASPP induces EMT and cisplatin resistance in human cervical cancer through miR-20a-FBXL5/BTG3 signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:48. [PMID: 28399926 PMCID: PMC5387376 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in driving chemoresistance. We previously reported that iASPP is a key EMT inducer and could increase cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer (CC) cells. Herein, we investigate the downstream mechanisms through which iASPP contributes to EMT and cisplatin resistance in CC. METHODS By using a lentiviral system, we investigated the effects of iASPP knockdown on CC cell growth and chemosensitivity of CC cells to cisplatin in vivo. We examined if miR-20a, which was up-regulated following iASPP overexpression, would influence metastatic phenotypes and cisplatin resistance in CC cells, and explored the possible molecular mechanisms involved. RESULTS Knockdown of iASPP suppressed CC cell proliferation and sensitized CC cells to cisplatin in vivo. iASPP promotes miR-20a expression in a p53-dependent manner. Upregulation of miR-20a induced EMT and the recovery of CC cell invasion and cisplatin chemoresistance that was repressed by iASPP knockdown. We identified FBXL5 and BTG3 as two direct miR-20a targets. Silencing of FBXL5 and BTG3 restored cell invasion and cisplatin chemoresistance, which was suppressed by iASPP or miR-20a knockdown. Reduced FBXL5 and BTG3 expression was found in CC samples and associated with poor prognosis in CC patients. CONCLUSIONS iASPP promotes EMT and confers cisplatin resistance in CC via miR-20a-FBXL5/BTG3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Women's Health Educational System, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan.
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan.
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Min-Fei Yu
- Guangzhou Sagene Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou International Biotech Island, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Chun-Yan Lan
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ze-Biao Ma
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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Rong GQ, Zhang XM, Chen B, Yang XD, Wu HR, Gong W. MicroRNA gene polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3617-3623. [PMID: 28521462 PMCID: PMC5431414 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to demonstrate the epidemiological value of microRNA (miRNA) in colorectal cancer (CRC) by investigating the association between miRNA gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to CRC. Multiple meta-analyses of reported data were conducted, and odds ratio values and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess these associations. Stata 11.0 software was used to analyze the data and the modified Jadad quality score was employed to evaluate the quality of the retrieved studies. We retrieved 38 studies on the association between miRNA polymorphisms and risk of CRC, however only 15 met the requirements of the inclusion criteria. In conclusion, we identified a variety of miRNAs (miRNA-let-7, miR-34b/c, miR-146a, miR-603 and miR-149) gene polymorphisms that are associated with susceptibility to CRC. However, some miRNAs (miR-192a, miR-608 and miR-27a) are associated with CRC, but not susceptibility to CRC. The results have limitations given the relatively low number of studies available. Therefore, it is necessary to collect data from large sample-size studies to further validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Rong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Department of Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Mei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
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Liu F, Liu S, Ai F, Zhang D, Xiao Z, Nie X, Fu Y. miR-107 Promotes Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells by Targeting Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 (Par4). Oncol Res 2016; 25:967-974. [PMID: 27938501 PMCID: PMC7841080 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14803476672380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, with a high incidence and a high mortality. However, the pathogenesis of CRC carcinogenesis is still unexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-107 in the regulation of CRC cell proliferation and apoptosis. First, the expression of miR-107 was observed to be aberrantly increased in human CRC tumor tissues and cell lines when compared to the colonic control tissues and colon epithelial cells. Further study showed that the proliferative and apoptotic capacities of human CRC SW480 and LoVo cells were aberrantly regulated by miR-107. The proliferation of SW480 and LoVo cells was remarkably enhanced by the miR-107 mimic but suppressed by the miR-107 inhibitor when compared to the negative control. On the contrary, the apoptotic rate of both SW480 and LoVo cells was significantly inhibited by miR-107 overexpression but increased by miR-107 inhibition. In addition, we identified prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par4) as a direct target of miR-107 with a potential binding site on the 3'-UTR of mRNA, as evaluated by bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay. Par4 expression levels were significantly inhibited by the miR-107 mimic but upregulated by the miR-107 inhibitor in both SW480 and LoVo cells. Compared to the control, the increase in Par4 expression significantly inhibited the induction role of miR-107 in the proliferation of SW480 and LoVo cells, and the apoptotic rate of cells repressed by the miR-107 mimic was also reversed by Par4 overexpression. In summary, our results demonstrated that miR-107 exerts a positive role in the survival of CRC cells by directly targeting Par4. This might reveal a novel understanding about human CRC pathogenesis.
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Bracken CP, Scott HS, Goodall GJ. A network-biology perspective of microRNA function and dysfunction in cancer. Nat Rev Genet 2016; 17:719-732. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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46
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Kou CH, Zhou T, Han XL, Zhuang HJ, Qian HX. Downregulation of mir-23b in plasma is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4838-4844. [PMID: 28101227 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that act as regulators of gene expression. Circulating blood miRNAs have potential as cancer biomarkers. The main objective of the present study was to assess the effect of miRNA-23b (miR-23b) expression in plasma on the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure miR-23b expression levels, and methylation-specific PCR was used to test the promoter methylation status. Subsequently, the expression level of miR-23b in plasma samples was compared between CRC patients and healthy control individuals. The miR-23b expression levels were significantly lower in CRC cells and primary CRC tissues than in nonmalignant colorectal tissues (P<0.001). It was also shown that miR-23b expression is downregulated by promoter methylation and can be restored by demethylation agent treatment. miR-23b was significantly decreased in plasma samples from CRC patients compared with the healthy control individuals (P<0.001). The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.842 (sensitivity, 84.38%; specificity, 77.08%; 95% confidence interval, 0.763-0.922). Low plasma miR-23b expression was significantly associated with clinical stage, tumor depth, distant metastasis and tumor recurrence. CRC patients with low miR-23b expression in plasma exhibited a shorter recurrence-free survival time and poorer overall survival rate. The present results suggested that the downregulation of miR-23b in the plasma has the potential to be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Kou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Lin Han
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jie Zhuang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xin Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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47
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Mohammadi A, Mansoori B, Baradaran B. The role of microRNAs in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:705-713. [PMID: 27701052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third most common cancer in the world. Mechanism of CRC tumorigenesis has been widely studied at the molecular levels, and has been recently entered the area of microRNAs. MicroRNAs are small 19 to 22 nucleotides of RNA that engage in the regulation of cell differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. MicroRNAs are similar to small interfering RNA (siRNA), that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and control various cellular mechanisms. They are important factors in the carcinogenesis of CRC, one of the most important factors includes microRNA. MicroRNAs have been linked to CRC development, and these molecules have been recently studied as new potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of CRC. Specific microRNA expression patterns help distinguish CRC from other colon related disease, and may be used as a prognostication factor in patients after treatment with different chemotherapy drugs. More over the newest molecular therapy via tumor suppressor micro RNA replacement can be new insight in molecular therapy of CRC. This review summarizes the potential roles of microRNAs as potential biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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48
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Pelossof R, Chow OS, Fairchild L, Smith JJ, Setty M, Chen CT, Chen Z, Egawa F, Avila K, Leslie CS, Garcia-Aguilar J. Integrated genomic profiling identifies microRNA-92a regulation of IQGAP2 in locally advanced rectal cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:311-321. [PMID: 26865277 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is treated with chemoradiation prior to surgical excision, leaving residual tumors altered or completely absent. Integrating layers of genomic profiling might identify regulatory pathways relevant to rectal tumorigenesis and inform therapeutic decisions and further research. We utilized formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pre-treatment LARC biopsies (n=138) and compared copy number, mRNA, and miRNA expression with matched normal rectal mucosa. An integrative model was used to predict regulatory interactions to explain gene expression changes. These predictions were evaluated in vitro using multiple colorectal cancer cell lines. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was also used as an external cohort to validate our genomic profiling and predictions. We found differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs that characterize LARC. Our integrative model predicted the upregulation of miR-92a, miR-182, and miR-221 expression to be associated with downregulation of their target genes after adjusting for the effect of copy number alterations. Cell line studies using miR-92a mimics and inhibitors demonstrate that miR-92a expression regulates IQGAP2 expression. We show that endogenous miR-92a expression is inversely associated with endogenous KLF4 expression in multiple cell lines, and that this relationship is also present in rectal cancers of TCGA. Our integrative model predicted regulators of gene expression change in LARC using pre-treatment FFPE tissues. Our methodology implicated multiple regulatory interactions, some of which are corroborated by independent lines of study, while others indicate new opportunities for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Pelossof
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Oliver S Chow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lauren Fairchild
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - J Joshua Smith
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Manu Setty
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Chin-Tung Chen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Fumiko Egawa
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Karin Avila
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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49
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Li Y, Lauriola M, Kim D, Francesconi M, D'Uva G, Shibata D, Malafa MP, Yeatman TJ, Coppola D, Solmi R, Cheng JQ. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) regulates miR17-92 cluster through β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:4558-4568. [PMID: 26804172 PMCID: PMC4960006 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation is the most common genetic change in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Although deregulations of miRNAs have been frequently reported in this malignancy, APC-regulated miRNAs have not been extensively documented. Here, by using an APC-inducible cell line and array analysis, we identified a total of 26 deregulated miRNAs. Among them, members of miR-17-92 cluster were dramatically inhibited by APC and induced by enforced expression of β-catenin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that activated β-catenin resulted from APC loss binds to and activates the miR-17-92 promoter. Notably, enforced expression of miR-19a overrides APC tumor suppressor activity, and knockdown of miR-19a in cancer cells with compromised APC function reduced their aggressive features in vitro. Finally, we observed that expression of miR-19a significantly correlates with β-catenin levels in colorectal cancer specimens, and it is associated to the aggressive stage of tumor progression. Thus, our study reveals that miR-17-92 cluster is directly regulated by APC/β-catenin pathway and could be a potential therapeutic target in colon cancers with aberrant APC/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donghwa Kim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mirko Francesconi
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dave Shibata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Yeatman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rossella Solmi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jin Q Cheng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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50
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Slattery ML, Herrick JS, Mullany LE, Wolff E, Hoffman MD, Pellatt DF, Stevens JR, Wolff RK. Colorectal tumor molecular phenotype and miRNA: expression profiles and prognosis. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:915-27. [PMID: 27198570 PMCID: PMC4967007 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs regulate gene expression by post-transcriptionally suppressing mRNA translation or by causing mRNA degradation. It has been proposed that unique miRNAs influence specific tumor molecular phenotype. In this paper, we test the hypotheses that miRNA expression differs by tumor molecular phenotype and that those differences may influence prognosis. Data come from population-based studies of colorectal cancer conducted in Utah and the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. A total of 1893 carcinoma samples were run on the Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 containing 2006 miRNAs. We assessed differences in miRNA expression between TP53-mutated and non-mutated, KRAS-mutated and non-mutated, BRAF-mutated and non-mutated, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) high and CIMP low, and microsatellite instability (MSI) and microsatellite stable (MSS) colon and rectal tumors. Using a Cox proportional hazard model we evaluated if those miRNAs differentially expressed by tumor phenotype influenced survival after adjusting for age, sex, and AJCC stage. There were 22 differentially expressed miRNAs for TP53-mutated colon tumors and 5 for TP53-mutated rectal tumors with a fold change of >1.49 (or <0.67). Additionally, 13 miRNAS were differentially expressed for KRAS-mutated rectal tumors, 8 differentially expressed miRNAs for colon CIMP high tumors, and 2 differentially expressed miRNAs for BRAF-mutated colon tumors. The majority of differentially expressed miRNAS were observed between MSI and MSS tumors (94 differentially expressed miRNAs for colon; 41 differentially expressed miRNAs for rectal tumors). Of these miRNAs differentially expressed between MSI and MSS tumors, the majority were downregulated. Ten of the differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with survival; after adjustment for MSI status, five miRNAS, miR-196b-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-99b-5p, miR-636, and miR-192-3p, were significantly associated with survival. In summary, it appears that the majority of miRNAs that are differentially expressed by tumor molecular phenotype are MSI tumors. However, these miRNAs appear to have minimal effect on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L. Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Jennifer S. Herrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Lila E. Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Erica Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Michael D. Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Daniel F. Pellatt
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - John R. Stevens
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, 3900 Old Main Hill, Logan UT 84322-3900
| | - Roger K. Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
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