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Padberg FT, Ucuzian A, Dosluoglu H, Jacobowitz G, O'Donnell TF. Longitudinal assessment of health-related quality of life and clinical outcomes with at home advanced pneumatic compression treatment of lower extremity lymphedema. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2024; 12:101892. [PMID: 38636734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2024.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective, longitudinal, pragmatic study describes at home treatment with a proprietary advanced pneumatic compression device (APCD) for patients with lower extremity lymphedema (LED). METHODS Following institutiona review board approval, four participating Veterans Affairs centers enrolled LED patients from 2016 to 2022. The primary outcome measures were health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) questionnaires (lymphedema quality of life-leg and the generic SF-36v2) obtained at baseline and 12, 24, and 52 weeks. The secondary outcome measures were limb circumference, cellulitis events, skin quality, and compliance with APCD and other compression therapies. RESULTS Because a portion of the trial was conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, 179 patients had 52 weeks of follow-up, and 143 had complete measurements at all time points. The baseline characteristics were a mean age of 66.9 ± 10.8 years, 91% were men, and the mean body mass index was 33.8 ± 6.9 kg/m2. LED was bilateral in 92.2% of the patients. Chronic venous insufficiency or phlebolymphedema was the most common etiology of LED (112 patients; 62.6%), followed by trauma or surgery (20 patients; 11.2%). Cancer treatment as a cause was low (4 patients; 2.3%). Patients were classified as having International Society for Lymphology (ISL) stage I (68.4%), II (27.6%), or III (4.1%). Of the primary outcome measures, significant improvements were observed in all lymphedema quality of life-leg domains of function, appearance, symptoms, and emotion and the overall score after 12 weeks of treatment (P < .0001) and through 52 weeks of follow-up. The SF-36v2 demonstrated significant improvement in three domains at 12 weeks and in the six domains of physical function, bodily pain, physical component (P < .0001), social functioning (P = .0181), role-physical (P < .0005), and mental health (P < .0334) at 52 weeks. An SF-36v2 score <40 indicates a substantial reduction in HR-QoL in LED patients compared with U.S. norms. Regarding the secondary outcome measures at 52 weeks, compared with baseline, the mean limb girth decreased by 1.4 cm (P < .0001). The maximal reduction in mean limb girth was 1.9 cm (6.0%) at 12 weeks in ISL stage II and III limbs. New episodes of cellulitis in patients with previous episodes (21.4% vs 6.1%, P = .001) were reduced. The 75% of patients with skin hyperpigmentation at baseline decreased to 40% (P < .01) at 52 weeks. At 52 weeks, compliance, defined as use for 5 to 7 days per week, was reported for the APCD by 72% and for elastic stockings by 74%. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study of Veterans Affairs patients with LED demonstrated improved generic and disease-specific HR-QoL through 52 weeks with at home use of an APCD. Limb girth, cellulitis episodes, and skin discoloration were reduced, with excellent compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Padberg
- Department of Surgery, VA New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange, NJ; Division of Vascular Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ.
| | - Areck Ucuzian
- Department of Surgery, VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD; Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hasan Dosluoglu
- Department of Surgery, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Glenn Jacobowitz
- Department of Surgery, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Razavi MS, Ruscic KJ, Korn EG, Marquez M, Houle TT, Singhal D, Munn LL, Padera TP. A Multiresolution Approach with Method-Informed Statistical Analysis for Quantifying Lymphatic Pumping Dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590950. [PMID: 38712181 PMCID: PMC11071510 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant strides in lymphatic system imaging, the timely diagnosis of lymphatic disorders remains elusive. One main cause for this is the absence of standardized, quantitative methods for real-time analysis of lymphatic contractility. Here, we address this unmet need by combining near-infrared lymphangiography imaging with an innovative analytical workflow. We combined data acquisition, signal processing, and statistical analysis to integrate traditional peak and-valley with advanced wavelet time-frequency analyses. Decision theory was used to evaluate the primary drivers of attributable variance in lymphangiography measurements to generate a strategy for optimizing the number of repeat measurements needed per subject to increase measurement reliability. This approach not only offers detailed insights into lymphatic pumping behaviors across species, sex and age, but also significantly boosts the reliability of these measurements by incorporating multiple regions of interest and evaluating the lymphatic system under various gravitational loads. By addressing the critical need for improved imaging and quantification methods, our study offers a new standard approach for the imaging and analysis of lymphatic function that can improve our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of lymphatic diseases. The results highlight the importance of comprehensive data acquisition strategies to fully capture the dynamic behavior of the lymphatic system.
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Sevick-Muraca EM, Fife CE, Rasmussen JC. Imaging peripheral lymphatic dysfunction in chronic conditions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1132097. [PMID: 37007996 PMCID: PMC10050385 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1132097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatics play important roles in chronic diseases/conditions that comprise the bulk of healthcare worldwide. Yet the ability to routinely image and diagnose lymphatic dysfunction, using commonly available clinical imaging modalities, has been lacking and as a result, the development of effective treatment strategies suffers. Nearly two decades ago, investigational near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging and ICG lymphography were developed as routine diagnostic for clinically evaluating, quantifying, and treating lymphatic dysfunction in cancer-related and primary lymphedema, chronic venous disease, and more recently, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of what these non-invasive technologies have taught us about lymphatic (dys) function and anatomy in human studies and in corollary animal studies of human disease. We summarize by commenting on new impactful clinical frontiers in lymphatic science that remain to be facilitated by imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Sevick-Muraca
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Caroline E. Fife
- Department of Geriatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John C. Rasmussen
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Russell PS, Velivolu R, Maldonado Zimbrón VE, Hong J, Kavianinia I, Hickey AJR, Windsor JA, Phillips ARJ. Fluorescent Tracers for In Vivo Imaging of Lymphatic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952581. [PMID: 35935839 PMCID: PMC9355481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system continues to gain importance in a range of conditions, and therefore, imaging of lymphatic vessels is becoming more widespread for research, diagnosis, and treatment. Fluorescent lymphatic imaging offers advantages over other methods in that it is affordable, has higher resolution, and does not require radiation exposure. However, because the lymphatic system is a one-way drainage system, the successful delivery of fluorescent tracers to lymphatic vessels represents a unique challenge. Each fluorescent tracer used for lymphatic imaging has distinct characteristics, including size, shape, charge, weight, conjugates, excitation/emission wavelength, stability, and quantum yield. These characteristics in combination with the properties of the target tissue affect the uptake of the dye into lymphatic vessels and the fluorescence quality. Here, we review the characteristics of visible wavelength and near-infrared fluorescent tracers used for in vivo lymphatic imaging and describe the various techniques used to specifically target them to lymphatic vessels for high-quality lymphatic imaging in both clinical and pre-clinical applications. We also discuss potential areas of future research to improve the lymphatic fluorescent tracer design.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Russell
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R. Velivolu
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - V. E. Maldonado Zimbrón
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J. Hong
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - I. Kavianinia
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A. J. R. Hickey
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J. A. Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A. R. J. Phillips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Saad D, Makarem A, Fakhri G, Al Amin F, Bitar F, El Rassi I, Arabi M. The use of steroids in treating chylothorax following cardiac surgery in children: a unique perspective. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:1-6. [PMID: 35361290 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chylothorax is the accumulation of chyle fluid in the pleural space. The incidence of chylothorax is quite common post-cardiac surgeries in pediatrics especially in Fontan procedures. Although several treatment lines are known for the management of chylothorax, steroids were scarcely reported as a treatment option. We present a unique case of a 4-year-old child who underwent Fontan procedure and suffered a long-term consequence of chylothorax. The chylothorax only fully resolved after introducing corticosteroids as part of her management. METHODS A literature review about management of chylothorax post-cardiac surgery in children using Ovid Medline (19462021), PubMed, and google scholar was performed. CONCLUSION Conservative management without additional surgical intervention is adequate in most patients. Additionally, somatostatin can be used with variable success rate. However, a few cases mentioned using steroids in such cases. More research and reporting on the use of steroids in the treatment of chylothorax post-cardiac surgeries in children is needed to prove its effectivity. In this article, we describe a case of chylothorax post-Fontan procedure that supports the use of steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Saad
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Adham Makarem
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghina Fakhri
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Al Amin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Bitar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Issam El Rassi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Arabi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kim J, Archer PA, Thomas SN. Innovations in lymph node targeting nanocarriers. Semin Immunol 2021; 56:101534. [PMID: 34836772 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid tissues in the body that facilitate the co-mingling of immune cells to enable and regulate the adaptive immune response. They are also tissues implicated in a variety of diseases, including but not limited to malignancy. The ability to access lymph nodes is thus attractive for a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. As nanotechnologies are now well established for their potential in translational biomedical applications, their high relevance to applications that involve lymph nodes is highlighted. Herein, established paradigms of nanocarrier design to enable delivery to lymph nodes are discussed, considering the unique lymph node tissue structure as well as lymphatic system physiology. The influence of delivery mechanism on how nanocarrier systems distribute to different compartments and cells that reside within lymph nodes is also elaborated. Finally, current advanced nanoparticle technologies that have been developed to enable lymph node delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Paul A Archer
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Tuckey B, Srbely J, Rigney G, Vythilingam M, Shah J. Impaired Lymphatic Drainage and Interstitial Inflammatory Stasis in Chronic Musculoskeletal and Idiopathic Pain Syndromes: Exploring a Novel Mechanism. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:691740. [PMID: 35295453 PMCID: PMC8915610 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.691740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A normal functioning lymphatic pump mechanism and unimpaired venous drainage are required for the body to remove inflammatory mediators from the extracellular compartment. Impaired vascular perfusion and/or lymphatic drainage may result in the accumulation of inflammatory substances in the interstitium, creating continuous nociceptor activation and related pathophysiological states including central sensitization and neuroinflammation. We hypothesize that following trauma and/or immune responses, inflammatory mediators may become entrapped in the recently discovered interstitial, pre-lymphatic pathways and/or initial lymphatic vessels. The ensuing interstitial inflammatory stasis is a pathophysiological state, created by specific pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1b. These cytokines can disable the local lymphatic pump mechanism, impair vascular perfusion via sympathetic activation and, following transforming growth factor beta 1 expression, may lead to additional stasis through direct fascial compression of pre-lymphatic pathways. These mechanisms, when combined with other known pathophysiological processes, enable us to describe a persistent feed-forward loop capable of creating and maintaining chronic pain syndromes. The potential for concomitant visceral and/or vascular dysfunction, initiated and maintained by the same feed-forward inflammatory mechanism, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tuckey
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tuckey and Associates Physical Therapy, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - John Srbely
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Grant Rigney
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Meena Vythilingam
- Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Health Innovation, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jay Shah
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Yang Y, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Tang S, Guo Y, Ma F, Yang H, Xiong L. NIR/photoacoustic imaging of multitype gallbladder cancer using carboxyl/amino functionalized polymer dots. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6657-6669. [PMID: 33078791 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01451f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer has high incidence and mortality and a low early diagnosis rate and requires rapid and efficient diagnosis. Herein, carboxyl/amino functionalized polymer dots (Pdots) were designed to enhance cellular internalization and tumor accumulation. The prepared Pdots were 40-50 nm in diameter, contained no toxic metal, exhibited long circulation time and high stability, and produced strong NIR emission and photoacoustic signals. Different cellular uptake and distribution of functionalized Pdots in eight gallbladder cell lines were quantitatively investigated using flow cytometry and super-resolution microscopy. In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging showed that the functional Pdots had high accumulation in the tumor after 30 minutes of injection and remained there for up to 6 days. In addition, photoacoustic imaging found that the abundant blood vessels around the tumor microenvironment and Pdots entered the tumor through the blood vessels. Furthermore, a high heterogeneity of vascular networks was visualized in real-time and high resolution by probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy imaging. These results offer a new avenue for the development of functional Pdots as a probe for multi-modal and multi-scale imaging of gallbladder cancer in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Yang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China.
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Park M, Kim JW, Ahn SJ, Cha YJ, Suh SH. Aging Is Positively Associated with Peri-Sinus Lymphatic Space Volume: Assessment Using 3T Black-Blood MRI. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103353. [PMID: 33086702 PMCID: PMC7590154 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aging is a major risk factor for many neurological disorders and is associated with dural lymphatic dysfunction. We sought to evaluate the association of aging with the volume of the peri-sinus lymphatic space using contrast-enhanced 3T T1-weighted black-blood magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS In this retrospective study, 165 presumed neurologically normal subjects underwent brain MRIs for cancer staging between April and November 2018. The parasagittal peri-sinus lymphatic space was evaluated using contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted black-blood MRIs, and volumes were measured with semiautomatic method. We compared the volumes of normalized peri-sinus lymphatic spaces between the elderly (≥65 years, n = 72) and non-elderly (n = 93) groups and performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess if aging is independently associated with the volume of normalized peri-sinus lymphatic spaces. RESULTS The normalized peri-sinus lymphatic space volume was significantly higher in the elderly than in the non-elderly (mean, 3323 ± 758.7 mL vs. 2968.7 ± 764.3 mL, p = 0.047). After adjusting the intracranial volume, age age was the strongest factor independently associated with peri-sinus lymphatic space volume (β coefficient, 28.4 (5.7-51.2), p = 0.015) followed by male sex (β coefficient, 672.4 (113.5-1230.8), p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS We found that the peri-sinus dural lymphatic space volume was higher in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group, and the increased peri-sinus lymphatic space was independently associated with aging. These findings indicate that the peri-sinus lymphatic space may be related with the aging process and lymphatic system dysfunction as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Park
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (M.P.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (M.P.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Sung Jun Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (M.P.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-3510; Fax: +82-2-3462-5472
| | - Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Sang Hyun Suh
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (M.P.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.S.)
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Lymphatic disorders have received an increasing amount of attention over the last decade. Sparked primarily by improved imaging modalities and the dawn of lymphatic interventions, understanding, diagnostics, and treatment of lymphatic complications have undergone considerable improvements. Thus, the current review aims to summarize understanding, diagnostics, and treatment of lymphatic complications in individuals with congenital heart disease. Recent Findings The altered hemodynamics of individuals with congenital heart disease has been found to profoundly affect morphology and function of the lymphatic system, rendering this population especially prone to the development of lymphatic complications such as chylous and serous effusions, protein-losing enteropathy and plastic bronchitis. Summary Although improved, a full understanding of the pathophysiology and targeted treatment for lymphatic complications is still wanting. Future research into pharmacological improvement of lymphatic function and continued implementation of lymphatic imaging and interventions may improve knowledge, treatment options, and outcome for affected individuals.
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Mathematical Modelling of the Structure and Function of the Lymphatic System. MATHEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/math8091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents current knowledge about the structure and function of the lymphatic system. Mathematical models of lymph flow in the single lymphangion, the series of lymphangions, the lymph nodes, and the whole lymphatic system are considered. The main results and further perspectives are discussed.
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Kelly B, Mohanakumar S, Telinius N, Alstrup M, Hjortdal V. Function of Upper Extremity Human Lymphatics Assessed by Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging. Lymphat Res Biol 2020; 18:226-231. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2019.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kelly
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sheyanth Mohanakumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niklas Telinius
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathias Alstrup
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Hjortdal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Hu D, Li L, Li S, Wu M, Ge N, Cui Y, Lian Z, Song J, Chen H. Lymphatic system identification, pathophysiology and therapy in the cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:99-111. [PMID: 31181226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circulatory system comprises both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. In contrast to the closed, high-pressure and circular blood vascular circulation, the lymphatic system forms an open, low-pressure and unidirectional transit network from the extracellular space to the venous system. It plays a key role in regulating tissue fluid homeostasis, absorption of gastrointestinal lipids, and immune surveillance throughout the body. Despite the critical physiological functions of the lymphatic system, a complete understanding of the lymphatic vessels lags far behind that of the blood vasculatures due to the challenge of their visualization. During the last 20 years, discoveries of underlying genes responsible for lymphatic vessel biology, combined with state-of-the-art lymphatic function imaging and quantification techniques, have established the importance of the lymphatic vasculature in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including lymphedema, obesity and metabolic diseases, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, atherosclerosis and myocardial infraction. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in the field of lymphatic vessel biology, with an emphasis on the new identification techniques of lymphatic system, pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, and new therapeutic perspectives of lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Renhe Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxian Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Xu G, Qian Y, Zheng H, Qiao S, Yan D, Lu L, Wu L, Yang X, Luo Q, Zhang Z. Long-Distance Tracing of the Lymphatic System with a Computed Tomography/Fluorescence Dual-Modality Nanoprobe for Surveying Tumor Lymphatic Metastasis. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1199-1209. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sha Qiao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Lisen Lu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Liujuan Wu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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15
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Iio K, Soneda K, Shimotakahara A, Hataya H, Kono T. Effective method of evaluating infantile chylothorax. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:203-205. [PMID: 30767369 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Iio
- Department of General Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Soneda
- Department of General Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Hataya
- Department of General Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kono
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Srinivasan SS, Seenivasan R, Condie A, Gerson SL, Wang Y, Burda C. Gold Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescent Theranostics for Real-Time Image-Guided Assessment of DNA Damage and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E471. [PMID: 30678294 PMCID: PMC6387448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic dosing, is largely based on the tolerance levels of toxicity today. Molecular imaging strategies can be leveraged to quantify DNA cytotoxicity and thereby serve as a theranostic tool to improve the efficacy of treatments. Methoxyamine-modified cyanine-7 (Cy7MX) is a molecular probe which binds to apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)-sites, inhibiting DNA-repair mechanisms implicated by cytotoxic chemotherapies. Herein, we loaded (Cy7MX) onto polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to selectively and stably deliver the molecular probe intravenously to tumors. We optimized the properties of Cy7MX-loaded AuNPs using optical spectroscopy and tested the delivery mechanism and binding affinity using the DLD1 colon cancer cell line in vitro. A 10:1 ratio of Cy7MX-AuNPs demonstrated a strong AP site-specific binding and the cumulative release profile demonstrated 97% release within 12 min from a polar to a nonpolar environment. We further demonstrated targeted delivery using imaging and biodistribution studies in vivo in an xenografted mouse model. This work lays a foundation for the development of real-time molecular imaging techniques that are poised to yield quantitative measures of the efficacy and temporal profile of cytotoxic chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya S Srinivasan
- Center for Chemical Dynamics and Nanomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Rajesh Seenivasan
- Center for Chemical Dynamics and Nanomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Allison Condie
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Stanton L Gerson
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Clemens Burda
- Center for Chemical Dynamics and Nanomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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17
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Aung W, Tsuji AB, Sugyo A, Takashima H, Yasunaga M, Matsumura Y, Higashi T. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer using an indocyanine green-labeled anti-tissue factor antibody. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5491-5504. [PMID: 30622378 PMCID: PMC6319132 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i48.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate near-infrared photoimmunotherapeutic effect mediated by an anti-tissue factor (TF) antibody conjugated to indocyanine green (ICG) in a pancreatic cancer model.
METHODS Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a highly selective tumor treatment that utilizes an antibody-photosensitizer conjugate administration, followed by NIR light exposure. Anti-TF antibody 1849-ICG conjugate was synthesized by labeling of rat IgG2b anti-TF monoclonal antibody 1849 (anti-TF 1849) to a NIR photosensitizer, ICG. The expression levels of TF in two human pancreatic cancer cell lines were examined by western blotting. Specific binding of the 1849-ICG to TF-expressing BxPC-3 cells was examined by fluorescence microscopy. NIR-PIT-induced cell death was determined by cell viability imaging assay. In vivo longitudinal fluorescence imaging was used to explore the accumulation of 1849-ICG conjugate in xenograft tumors. To examine the effect of NIR-PIT, tumor-bearing mice were separated into 5 groups: (1) 100 μg of 1849-ICG i.v. administration followed by NIR light exposure (50 J/cm2) on two consecutive days (Days 1 and 2); (2) NIR light exposure (50 J/cm2) only on two consecutive days (Days 1 and 2); (3) 100 μg of 1849-ICG i.v. administration; (4) 100 μg of unlabeled anti-TF 1849 i.v. administration; and (5) the untreated control. Semiweekly tumor volume measurements, accompanied with histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of tumors, were performed 3 d after the 2nd irradiation with NIR light to monitor the effect of treatments.
RESULTS High TF expression in BxPC-3 cells was observed via western blot analysis, concordant with the observed preferential binding with intracellular localization of 1849-ICG via fluorescence microscopy. NIR-PIT-induced cell death was observed by performing cell viability imaging assay. In contrast to the other test groups, tumor growth was significantly inhibited by NIR-PIT with a statistically significant difference in relative tumor volumes for 27 d after the treatment start date [2.83 ± 0.38 (NIR-PIT) vs 5.42 ± 1.61 (Untreated), vs 4.90 ± 0.87 (NIR), vs 4.28 ± 1.87 (1849-ICG), vs 4.35 ± 1.42 (anti-TF 1849), at Day 27, P < 0.05]. Tumors that received NIR-PIT showed evidence of necrotic cell death-associated features upon hematoxylin-eosin staining accompanied by a decrease in Ki-67-positive cells (a cell proliferation marker) by IHC examination.
CONCLUSION The TF-targeted NIR-PIT with the 1849-ICG conjugate can potentially open a new platform for treatment of TF-expressing pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winn Aung
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takashima
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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18
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Nicoli F, Orfaniotis G, Li K, Zhang YX, Chen HC. Reply to Tsukuura et al: "Novel hands-free near-infrared fluorescence navigation and simultaneous combined imaging for the elevation of vascularized lymph node flap". J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:590. [PMID: 30187479 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Nicoli
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Georgios Orfaniotis
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Design and Synthesis of 99mTcN-Labeled Dextran-Mannose Derivatives for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030070. [PMID: 30012952 PMCID: PMC6160989 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: New approaches based on the receptor-targeted molecular interaction have been recently developed with the aim to investigate specific probes for sentinel lymph nodes. In particular, the mannose receptors expressed by lymph node macrophages became an attractive target and different multifunctional mannose derivate ligands for the labeling with 99mTc have been developed. In this study, we report the synthesis of a specific class of dextran-based, macromolecular, multifunctional ligands specially designed for labeling with the highly stable [99mTc≡N]2+ core. Methods: The ligands have been obtained by appending to a macromolecular dextran scaffold pendant arms bearing a chelating moiety for the metallic group and a mannosyl residue for allowing the interaction of the resulting macromolecular 99mTc conjugate with specific receptors on the external membrane of macrophages. Two different chelating systems have been selected, S-methyl dithiocarbazate [H2N‒NH‒C(=S)SCH3=HDTCZ] and a sequence of two cysteine residues, that in combination with a monophosphine coligand, are able to bind the [99mTc≡N]2+ core. Conclusions: High-specific-activity labeling has been obtained by simple mixing and heating of the [99mTc≡N]2+ group with the new mannose-dextran derivatives.
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20
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Zhang L, Chang J, Zhao Y, Xu H, Wang T, Li Q, Xing L, Huang J, Wang Y, Liang Q. Fabrication of a triptolide-loaded and poly-γ-glutamic acid-based amphiphilic nanoparticle for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2051-2064. [PMID: 29670349 PMCID: PMC5894725 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s151233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) exhibits immunosuppressive, cartilage-protective and anti-inflammatory effects in rheumatoid arthritis. However, the toxicity of TP limits its widespread use. To decrease the toxic effects, we developed a novel nano-drug carrier system containing TP using poly-γ-glutamic acid-grafted di-tert-butyl L-aspartate hydrochloride (PAT). PAT had an average diameter of 79±18 nm, a narrow polydispersity index (0.18), a strong zeta potential (−32 mV) and a high drug encapsulation efficiency (EE1=48.6%) and loading capacity (EE2=19.2%), and exhibited controlled release (t1/2=29 h). The MTT assay and flow cytometry results indicated that PAT could decrease toxicity and apoptosis induced by free TP on RAW264.7 cells. PAT decreased lipopolysaccharides/interferon γ-induced cytokines expression of macrophage (P<0.05). In vivo, PAT accumulated at inflammatory joints, improved the survival rate and had fewer side effects on tumor necrosis factor α transgenic mice, compared to TP. The blood biochemical indexes revealed that PAT did not cause much damage to the kidney (urea nitrogen and creatinine) and liver (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). In addition, PAT reduced inflammatory synovial tissue area (P<0.05), cartilage loss (P<0.05), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast area (P<0.05) and bone erosion (P<0.05) in both knee and ankle joints, and showed similar beneficial effect as free TP. In summary, our newly formed nanoparticle, PAT, can reduce the toxicity and guarantee the efficacy of TP, which represents an effective drug candidate for RA with low adverse side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital.,Institute of Spine.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital.,Institute of Spine.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital.,Institute of Spine.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital.,Institute of Spine.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengteng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital.,Institute of Spine.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital.,Institute of Spine.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital.,Institute of Spine.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital.,Institute of Spine.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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21
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Defize IL, Schurink B, Weijs TJ, Roeling TAP, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R, Bleys RLAW. The anatomy of the thoracic duct at the level of the diaphragm: A cadaver study. Ann Anat 2018; 217:47-53. [PMID: 29510243 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury and subsequent leakage of unrecognized thoracic duct tributaries during transthoracic esophagectomy may lead to chylothorax. Therefore, we hypothesized that thoracic duct anatomy at the diaphragm is more complex than currently recognized and aimed to provide a detailed description of the anatomy of the thoracic duct at the diaphragm. BASIC PROCEDURES The thoracic duct and its tributaries were dissected in 7 (2 male and 5 female) embalmed human cadavers. The level of origin of the thoracic duct and the points where tributaries entered the thoracic duct were measured using landmarks easily identified during surgery: the aortic and esophageal hiatus and the arch of the azygos vein. MAIN FINDINGS The thoracic duct was formed in the thoracic cavity by the union of multiple abdominal tributaries in 6 cadavers. In 3 cadavers partially duplicated systems were present that communicated with interductal branches. The thoracic duct was formed by a median of 3 (IQR: 3-5) abdominal tributaries merging 8.3cm (IQR: 7.3-9.3cm) above the aortic hiatus, 1.8cm (IQR: -0.4 to 2.4cm) above the esophageal hiatus, and 12.3cm (IQR: 14.0 to -11.0cm) below the arch of the azygos vein. CONCLUSION This study challenges the paradigm that abdominal lymphatics join in the abdomen to pass the diaphragm as a single thoracic duct. In this study, this occurred in 1/7 cadavers. Although small, the results of this series suggest that the formation of the thoracic duct above the diaphragm is more common than previously thought. This knowledge may be vital to prevent and treat post-operative chyle leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar L Defize
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, P.O. Box 85060, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernadette Schurink
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, P.O. Box 85060, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Teus J Weijs
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom A P Roeling
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, P.O. Box 85060, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle P Ruurda
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Hillegersberg
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald L A W Bleys
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, P.O. Box 85060, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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22
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Du J, Li Y, Wang Q, Batchu N, Zou J, Sun C, Lv S, Song Q, Li Q. Sentinel lymph node mapping in gynecological oncology. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7669-7675. [PMID: 29344213 PMCID: PMC5755034 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intraoperative mapping of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is part of the treatment strategy for a number of types of tumor. To retrospectively compare results from the mapping of pelvic SLNs for gynecological oncology, using distinct dyes, the present review was conducted to determine the clinical significance of SLN mapping for gynecological oncology. In addition, the present study aimed at identifying an improved choice for SLN mapping tracers in clinical application. Each dye exhibits demerits when applied in the clinical environment. The combination of radioisotopes and blue dyes was identified to exhibit the most accurate detection rate of SLN drainage of gynecological oncology. However, contrast agents were unable to identify whether a SLN is positive or negative for metastasis prior to pathologic examination; additional studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yaling Li
- Gongzhuling Health Workers High School, Gongzhuling, Jilin 136100, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Nasra Batchu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Junkai Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shulan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA.,Big Data Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiatong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qiling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Big Data Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiatong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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23
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Absinta M, Ha SK, Nair G, Sati P, Luciano NJ, Palisoc M, Louveau A, Zaghloul KA, Pittaluga S, Kipnis J, Reich DS. Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI. eLife 2017; 6:e29738. [PMID: 28971799 PMCID: PMC5626482 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the existence of meningeal lymphatic vessels in human and nonhuman primates (common marmoset monkeys) and the feasibility of noninvasively imaging and mapping them in vivo with high-resolution, clinical MRI. On T2-FLAIR and T1-weighted black-blood imaging, lymphatic vessels enhance with gadobutrol, a gadolinium-based contrast agent with high propensity to extravasate across a permeable capillary endothelial barrier, but not with gadofosveset, a blood-pool contrast agent. The topography of these vessels, running alongside dural venous sinuses, recapitulates the meningeal lymphatic system of rodents. In primates, meningeal lymphatics display a typical panel of lymphatic endothelial markers by immunohistochemistry. This discovery holds promise for better understanding the normal physiology of lymphatic drainage from the central nervous system and potential aberrations in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Absinta
- Translational Neuroradiology SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Seung-Kwon Ha
- Translational Neuroradiology SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Govind Nair
- Translational Neuroradiology SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Pascal Sati
- Translational Neuroradiology SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Nicholas J Luciano
- Translational Neuroradiology SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Maryknoll Palisoc
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Antoine Louveau
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Kareem A Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology BranchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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Absinta M, Ha SK, Nair G, Sati P, Luciano NJ, Palisoc M, Louveau A, Zaghloul KA, Pittaluga S, Kipnis J, Reich DS. Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI. eLife 2017. [PMID: 28971799 DOI: 10.75554/elife.29738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the existence of meningeal lymphatic vessels in human and nonhuman primates (common marmoset monkeys) and the feasibility of noninvasively imaging and mapping them in vivo with high-resolution, clinical MRI. On T2-FLAIR and T1-weighted black-blood imaging, lymphatic vessels enhance with gadobutrol, a gadolinium-based contrast agent with high propensity to extravasate across a permeable capillary endothelial barrier, but not with gadofosveset, a blood-pool contrast agent. The topography of these vessels, running alongside dural venous sinuses, recapitulates the meningeal lymphatic system of rodents. In primates, meningeal lymphatics display a typical panel of lymphatic endothelial markers by immunohistochemistry. This discovery holds promise for better understanding the normal physiology of lymphatic drainage from the central nervous system and potential aberrations in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Absinta
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Seung-Kwon Ha
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Govind Nair
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Pascal Sati
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Nicholas J Luciano
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Maryknoll Palisoc
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Antoine Louveau
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Kareem A Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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Pastouret F, Beckwee D, Van Laere S, Cardozo L, Lamote J, Kranskens P, Lievens P. Anatomical Effects of Axillary Nodes Dissection on Rat Lymphatic System Model: Indocyanine Green Mapping and Dissection. Lymphat Res Biol 2016; 14:134-41. [PMID: 27266991 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2015.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axillary nodes dissection (AND) is an important risk factor for the appearance of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). The anatomy and pathophysiology leading to the development of BCRL after AND are not completely understood. Despite the existence of lymphedema models after AND, none of them were able to create lymphedemas without additional chemical inflammatory drugs or auxiliary physical techniques (radiotherapy). In this study, we aimed to describe the anatomical changes of AND on a rat's front leg before and after a new surgery technique. METHODS AND RESULTS AND was performed on seven Wistar rats with a new, posterior surgical approach. Indocyanine green mapping was done before and after surgery to detect "normal and secondary superficial lymphatic pathways" of the operated rat's front legs. Twelve months after surgery, dissections were performed. Subcutaneous blue dye injection of the hand was used to observe superficial and deep lymphatic pathways. Postsurgery, an acute edema of arm and shoulder appeared and persisted for 14-21 days. However, none of the rats showed a chronic secondary lymphedema. In two cases, seromas also appeared. All rats showed substitution functional lymphatic pathways as perforating lymph vessels around the surgical sites. CONCLUSION This is the first description of perforating lymph vessels as lymphatic substitution pathways after AND on rats. These results help to understand why a chronic secondary lymphedema could not be created in rats after AND without additional chemical or physical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Pastouret
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - David Beckwee
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Van Laere
- 2 Animal facility, Medicine and Pharmacology Faculty, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Lucia Cardozo
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Jan Lamote
- 3 Department of Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, UZ Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Patricia Kranskens
- 2 Animal facility, Medicine and Pharmacology Faculty, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lievens
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
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Use of Indocyanine Green-SPY Angiography for Tracking Lymphatic Recovery After Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis. Ann Plast Surg 2016; 76 Suppl 3:S232-7. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Aung W, Tsuji AB, Sudo H, Sugyo A, Furukawa T, Ukai Y, Kurosawa Y, Saga T. Immunotargeting of Integrin α6β4 for Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in a Pancreatic Cancer Model. Mol Imaging 2016; 15:15/0/1536012115624917. [PMID: 27030400 PMCID: PMC5469600 DOI: 10.1177/1536012115624917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore suitable imaging probes for early and specific detection of pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated that α6β4 integrin is a good target and employed single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or near-infrared (NIR) imaging for immunotargeting. Expression levels of α6β4 were examined by Western blotting and flow cytometry in certain human pancreatic cancer cell lines. The human cell line BxPC-3 was used for α6β4-positive and a mouse cell line, A4, was used for negative counterpart. We labeled antibody against α6β4 with Indium-111 (111In) or indocyanine green (ICG). After injection of 111In-labeled probe to tumor-bearing mice, biodistribution, SPECT, autoradiography (ARG), and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies were conducted. After administration of ICG-labeled probe, in vivo and ex vivo NIR imaging and fluorescence microscopy of tumors were performed. BxPC-3 tumor showed a higher radioligand binding in SPECT and higher fluorescence intensity as well as a delay in the probe washout in NIR imaging when compared to A4 tumor. The biodistribution profile of 111In-labeled probe, ARG, and IHC confirmed the α6β4 specific binding of the probe. Here, we propose that α6β4 is a desirable target for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and that it could be detected by radionuclide imaging and NIR imaging using a radiolabeled or ICG-labeled α6β4 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winn Aung
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takako Furukawa
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Kurosawa
- Innovation Center for Advanced Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Qin W, Baran U, Wang R. Lymphatic response to depilation-induced inflammation in mouse ear assessed with label-free optical lymphangiography. Lasers Surg Med 2015. [PMID: 26224650 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Optical microangiography (OMAG) is a noninvasive technique capable of imaging 3D microvasculature. OMAG-based optical lymphangiography has been developed for 3D visualization of lymphatic vessels without the need for exogenous contrast agents. In this study, we utilize the optical lymphangiography to investigate dynamic changes in lymphatic response within skin tissue to depilation-induced inflammation by using mouse ear as a simple tissue model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is used in this study to acquire volumetric images of mouse ear. The system operates under the ultrahigh-sensitive OMAG scanning protocol with five repetitions for each B frame. An improved adaptive-threshold-based method is proposed to segment lymphatic vessels from OCT microstructure images. Depilation is achieved by placing hair removal lotion on mouse ear pinna for 5 minutes. Three acquisitions are made before depilation, 3-minute and 30-minute post-depilation, respectively. RESULTS Right after the application of depilation lotion on the skin, we observe that the blind-ended sacs of initial lymphatics are mainly visible in a specific area of the normal tissue. At 5 minutes, more collecting lymphatic vessels start to form, evidenced by their valve structure that only exists in collecting lymphatic vessels. The lymphangiogenesis is almost completed within 8 minutes in the inflammatory tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental results demonstrate that the OMAG-based optical lymphangiography has great potential to improve the understanding of lymphatic system in response to various physiological conditions, thus would benefit the development of effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
| | - Utku Baran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
| | - Ruikang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
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Pediatric lymphangiectasia: an imaging spectrum. Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45:562-9. [PMID: 25301383 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-014-3191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphangiectasia is a rarely encountered lymphatic dysplasia characterized by lymphatic dilation without proliferation. Although it can occur anywhere, the most common locations are the central conducting lymphatics and the pulmonary and intestinal lymphatic networks. Recent advances in lymphatic interventions have resulted in an increased reliance on imaging to characterize patterns of disease. OBJECTIVE To describe the patient populations, underlying conditions, and imaging features of lymphangiectasia encountered at a tertiary pediatric institution over a 10-year period and correlate these with pathology and patient outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the pathology database from 2002 to 2012 to identify patients with pathologically or surgically proven lymphangiectasia who had undergone cross-sectional imaging. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, underlying conditions, treatment and outcome. RESULTS Thirteen children were identified, ranging in age from 1 month to 16 years. Five had pulmonary lymphangiectasia, four intestinal and four diffuse involvement. Pulmonary imaging findings include diffuse or segmental interlobular septal thickening, pleural effusions and dilated mediastinal lymphatics. Intestinal imaging findings include focal or diffuse bowel wall thickening with central lymphatic dilation. Diffuse involvement included dilation of the central lymphatics and involvement of more than one organ system. Children with infantile presentation and diffuse pulmonary, intestinal or diffuse lymphatic abnormalities had a high mortality rate. Children with later presentations and segmental involvement demonstrated clinical improvement with occasional regression of disease. Three children with dilated central lymphatics on imaging underwent successful lymphatic duct ligation procedures with improved clinical course. CONCLUSION Lymphangiectasia is a complex disorder with a spectrum of presentations, imaging appearances, treatments and outcomes. Cross-sectional imaging techniques distinguish segmental involvement of a single system (pulmonary or intestinal) from diffuse disease and may show dilated central conducting lymphatics, which may benefit from interventions such as ligation or occlusion.
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30
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Niu G, Chen X. Lymphatic imaging: focus on imaging probes. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:686-97. [PMID: 25897334 PMCID: PMC4402493 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the importance of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in tumor staging and patient management, sensitive and accurate imaging of SLNs has been intensively explored. Along with the advance of the imaging technology, various contrast agents have been developed for lymphatic imaging. In this review, the lymph node imaging agents were summarized into three groups: tumor targeting agents, lymphatic targeting agents and lymphatic mapping agents. Tumor targeting agents are used to detect metastatic tumor tissue within LNs, lymphatic targeting agents aim to visualize lymphatic vessels and lymphangionesis, while lymphatic mapping agents are mainly for SLN detection during surgery after local administration. Coupled with various signal emitters, these imaging agents work with single or multiple imaging modalities to provide a valuable way to evaluate the location and metastatic status of SLNs.
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Yamaguchi A, Hanaoka H, Pirmettis I, Uehara T, Tsushima Y, Papadopoulos M, Arano Y. Injection Site Radioactivity of 99mTc-Labeled Mannosylated Dextran for Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping. Mol Pharm 2014; 12:514-9. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500592e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Yamaguchi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Gradiate
School of Medicine, Gunma University, 39-22 Showa-machi 3-chome, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Gradiate
School of Medicine, Gunma University, 39-22 Showa-machi 3-chome, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ioannis Pirmettis
- Institute IPRETEA,
NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi Athens, Greece
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Gradiate
School of Medicine, Gunma University, 39-22 Showa-machi 3-chome, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Minas Papadopoulos
- Institute IPRETEA,
NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi Athens, Greece
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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32
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Utility of indocyanine green fluorescence lymphography in identifying the source of persistent groin lymphorrhea. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2014; 2:e210. [PMID: 25426393 PMCID: PMC4229269 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Surgical manipulation of the groin can result in lymphatic injury in a significant number of patients leading to poor wound healing or infectious complications. Surgical repair of lymphatic injury is greatly aided by the precise and prompt intraoperative localization of the injured lymphatic vessels. We assessed and identified lymphatic leaks in 2 cases of surgical wound lymphorrhea occurring after instrumentation of the groin using laser-assisted indocyanine green lymphography paired with isosulfan blue injection. Both cases healed without complication, and no lymphatic leak recurrence was observed during postoperative follow-up. Laser-assisted indocyanine green lymphography is a useful adjunct in the management of lymphatic leaks after surgery of the groin and may have potential for prophylactic evaluation of high-risk groin wounds.
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33
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Dori Y, Zviman MM, Itkin M. Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Lymphangiography: Feasibility Study in Swine. Radiology 2014; 273:410-6. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14132616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Topical bFGF Improves Secondary Lymphedema through Lymphangiogenesis in a Rat Tail Model. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2014; 2:e196. [PMID: 25426379 PMCID: PMC4236357 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary lymphedema is a common complication of cancer therapy, but options for treating lymphedema are essentially ineffective and limited. On the contrary, lymphangiogenic growth factors accelerate lymphangiogenesis and improve lymphedema. METHODS Rat tail models of lymphedema were assigned to groups that received either daily topical basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or saline (control) groups. Tail volume was measured, and the function of the lymphatic system was evaluated as the fluorescence intensity of indocyanine green every 3 days. The mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D and the protein levels of VEGF-C were evaluated at postoperative days (PODs) 7, 14, and 28. The subcutaneous and deep areas and lymphatic vessel density were histologically determined at PODs 7, 14, and 28. RESULTS Tail volume was significantly larger in the control than in the bFGF group (P < 0.05). The intensity of indocyanine green fluorescence significantly decreased earlier in the bFGF group (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of VEGF-C were upregulated in the bFGF group at POD 14 (P < 0.01). Both subcutaneous and deep tissues gradually withered in both groups but more rapidly in the bFGF, than in the control group, reaching statistically significant differences in the subcutaneous and deeper areas at POD 14 (P < 0.05). Lymphatic vessel density was significantly higher in the bFGF than in the control group at POD 14 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Topical bFGF induces lymphangiogenesis and improves lymphedema in the rat tail model.
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35
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Munn LL, Padera TP. Imaging the lymphatic system. Microvasc Res 2014; 96:55-63. [PMID: 24956510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of the lymphatic system is clinically necessary during diagnosis or treatment of many conditions and diseases; it is used for identifying and monitoring lymphedema, for detecting metastatic lesions during cancer staging and for locating lymphatic structures so they can be spared during surgical procedures. Imaging lymphatic anatomy and function also plays an important role in experimental studies of lymphatic development and function, where spatial resolution and accessibility are better. Here, we review technologies for visualizing and imaging the lymphatic system for clinical applications. We then describe the use of lymphatic imaging in experimental systems as well as some of the emerging technologies for improving these methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance L Munn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Timothy P Padera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cell transplantation therapy for a rat model of secondary lymphedema. J Surg Res 2014; 189:184-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
White light endoscopy has proven to be a very powerful tool in oncology. There is still, however, a need for better endoscopic techniques to overcome the current limitations of white light optics. New technologies that allow higher sensitivity, improved microanatomy and molecular characterization have been available for in vitro microscopy and are now being translated into in vivo endoscopy. Endoscopic molecular imaging is still in its infancy but holds the promise for enhancing sensitivity for early lesions, thus allowing earlier diagnosis and enabling early image-guided endoscopic intervention. A key feature of endoscopic molecular imaging is its increased sensitivity and specificity, which will be illustrated in this article, as well as describing perspectives on its future use in oncologic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Towhid Ali
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
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38
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Abstract
Chylothorax, the accumulation of chyle in the pleural space, is a relatively rare cause of pleural effusion in children. It can cause significant respiratory morbidity, as well as lead to malnutrition and immunodeficiency. Thus, a chylothorax requires timely diagnosis and treatment. This review will first discuss the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system and discuss various causes that can lead to development of a chylothorax in infants and children. Then, methods of diagnosis and treatment will be reviewed. Finally, complications of chylothorax will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Tutor
- Program in Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Le Bonheur Children's Hospital; and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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39
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Sano M, Sasaki T, Hirakawa S, Sakabe J, Ogawa M, Baba S, Zaima N, Tanaka H, Inuzuka K, Yamamoto N, Setou M, Sato K, Konno H, Unno N. Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in abdominal aortic aneurysm. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89830. [PMID: 24651519 PMCID: PMC3961250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized to be inflammation-associated degeneration of vascular wall. Neovascularization is regularly found in human AAA and considered to play critical roles in the development and rupture of AAA. However, little is known about lymphangiogenesis in AAA. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in AAA. Abdominal aortic tissue was harvested either from autopsy (control group) and during open-repair surgery for AAA (AAA group). Adventitial lymphatic vasa vasorum was observed in both groups, but seemed to be no significant morphological changes in AAA. Immunohistochemical studies identified infiltration of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE) -1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-positive macrophages and podoplanin and Prox-1-positive microvessels in the intima/media in AAA wall, where hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1α was expressed. VEGF-C and MMP-9 were not expressed in macrophages infiltrating in the adventitia. Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence lymphography revealed lymph stasis in intima/medial in AAA. Fluorescence microscopy of the collected samples also confirmed the accumulation of lymph in the intima/media but not in adventitia. These results demonstrate that infiltration of macrophages in intima/media is associated with lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in AAA. Lymph-drainage appeared to be insufficient in the AAA wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sano
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Sakabe
- Department of Dermatology, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inuzuka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamamoto
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Sevick-Muraca EM, Kwon S, Rasmussen JC. Emerging lymphatic imaging technologies for mouse and man. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:905-14. [PMID: 24590275 DOI: 10.1172/jci71612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic circulatory system has diverse functions in lipid absorption, fluid homeostasis, and immune surveillance and responds dynamically when presented with infection, inflammation, altered hemodynamics, and cancer. Visualization of these dynamic processes in human disease and animal models of disease is key to understanding the contributory role of the lymphatic circulatory system in disease and to devising effective therapeutic strategies. Longitudinal, non-destructive, and repeated imaging is necessary to expand our understanding of disease progression and regression in basic science and clinical investigations. Herein we summarize recent advances in in vivo lymphatic imaging employing magnetic resonance, computed tomography, lymphoscintigraphy, and emerging optical techniques with respect to their contributory roles in both basic science and clinical research investigations.
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Azar AT, Elshazly HI, Hassanien AE, Elkorany AM. A random forest classifier for lymph diseases. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 113:465-473. [PMID: 24290902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning-based classification techniques provide support for the decision-making process in many areas of health care, including diagnosis, prognosis, screening, etc. Feature selection (FS) is expected to improve classification performance, particularly in situations characterized by the high data dimensionality problem caused by relatively few training examples compared to a large number of measured features. In this paper, a random forest classifier (RFC) approach is proposed to diagnose lymph diseases. Focusing on feature selection, the first stage of the proposed system aims at constructing diverse feature selection algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Relief-F, Fisher, Sequential Forward Floating Search (SFFS) and the Sequential Backward Floating Search (SBFS) for reducing the dimension of lymph diseases dataset. Switching from feature selection to model construction, in the second stage, the obtained feature subsets are fed into the RFC for efficient classification. It was observed that GA-RFC achieved the highest classification accuracy of 92.2%. The dimension of input feature space is reduced from eighteen to six features by using GA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanaa Ismail Elshazly
- Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Egypt; Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Egypt.
| | - Aboul Ella Hassanien
- Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Egypt; Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Egypt.
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Singh I, Swami R, Khan W, Sistla R. Lymphatic system: a prospective area for advanced targeting of particulate drug carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 11:211-29. [PMID: 24350774 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.866088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lymphatic system has a critical role in the immune system's recognition and response to disease and it is an additional circulatory system throughout the entire body. Extensive multidisciplinary investigations have been carried out in the area of lymphatic delivery, and lymphatic targeting has attracted a lot of attention for providing preferential chemotherapy and improving bioavailability of drugs that undergo hepatic first-pass metabolism. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on progress in the field of lymphatic therapeutics and diagnosis. Moreover, the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system, particulate drug carriers and different physicochemical parameters of both modified and unmodified particulate drug carriers and their effect on lymphatic targeting are addressed. EXPERT OPINION Particulate drug carriers have encouraged lymphatic targeting, but there are still challenges in targeting drugs and bioactives to specific sites, maintaining desired action and crossing all the physiological barriers. Lymphatic therapy using drug-encapsulated lipid carriers, especially liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, emerges as a new technology to provide better penetration into the lymphatics where residual disease exists. Size is the most important criteria when designing nanocarriers for targeting lymphatic vessels as the transportation of these particles into lymphatic vessels is size dependent. By increasing our understanding of lymphatic transport and uptake, and the role of lymphatics in various diseases, we can design new therapeutics for effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Department of Pharmaceutics , Hyderabad 500037 , India +91 40 27193004, +91 40 23073741 ; +91 40 27193753, +91 40 23073751 ; ;
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Optical characteristics and photothermal conversion of natural iron oxide colloid. J Anal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/2093-3371-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chemical compositions and spectroscopic characteristics of the natural floating colloids in brine mineral water were investigated in this study.
Methods
The natural colloidal materials were investigated using electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and absorption and emission spectroscopies.
Results
The natural colloidal particles have a spherical shape, with average diameter of 200 nm, and amorphous crystalline structure. The colloids are mostly composed of iron and oxygen atoms; they also contained small amounts of trace elements and rare earth minerals. In particular, the colloids show remarkable absorption and emission characteristics in the wide spectral region from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR), which could make it useful in photoconversion and hyperthermal applications.
Conclusion
From the photothermal conversion efficiency measurement using an infrared thermography under irradiation of visible and NIR light, interestingly, it was found that the natural colloids have higher photothermal conversion efficiency, as compared with those of several different-typed minerals.
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Abstract
The lymphatic system has a critical role in the immune system’s recognition and response to disease, and it is an additional circulatory system throughout the entire body. Most solid cancers primarily spread from the main site via the tumour’s surrounding lymphatics before haematological dissemination. Targeting drugs to lymphatic system is quite complicated because of its intricate physiology. Therefore, it tends to be an important target for developing novel therapeutics. Currently, nanocarriers have encouraged the lymphatic targeting, but still there are challenges of locating drugs and bioactives to specific sites, maintaining desired action and crossing all the physiological barriers. Lymphatic therapy using drug-encapsulated colloidal carriers especially liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles emerges as a new technology to provide better penetration into the lymphatics where residual disease exists. Optimising the proper procedure, selecting the proper delivery route and target area and making use of surface engineering tool, better carrier for lymphotropic system can be achieved. Thus, new methods of delivering drugs and other carriers to lymph nodes are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Domb
- School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh India
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Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have raised much interest during the recent years due to their novel properties (superparamagnetism, high saturation field, blocking temperature, etc.) and potential applications in organic synthesis, biotechnology and finally in medicine. The medicinal applications include: controlled drug delivery systems (DDS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), macromolecules and pathogens separation, cancer therapy and so on. In this paper we would like to present the newest literature reports concerning usage of MNPs in medicinal diagnostics such as: - magnetic separations of DNA (immobilization, isolation, diagnosis of genetic disorders and detection of exogenous substances in the organisms) - magnetic immobilization of proteins (applications in biotechnology, medicine, and catalysis) - magnetic separations of pathogens (i.e. isolation of bacteria, detection of various pathogens) - magnetic resonance imaging (imaging contrast agents, lymphangiography).
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Weiler M, Dixon JB. Differential transport function of lymphatic vessels in the rat tail model and the long-term effects of Indocyanine Green as assessed with near-infrared imaging. Front Physiol 2013; 4:215. [PMID: 23966950 PMCID: PMC3744037 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Near-infrared (NIR) imaging has emerged as a novel imaging modality for assessing lymphatic function in vivo. While the technique has provided quantitative data previously unavailable, questions remain in regards to the spatiotemporal capabilities of the approach. We address three of the more important issues here using the rodent tail, one of the most widely utilized in vivo model systems in the lymphatic literature. Specifically we demonstrate (1) the transient vs. steady state response of lymphatics to tracer injection, (2) the functional characteristics of multiple collecting vessels draining the same tissue space in parallel, and (3) the long-term consequences of fluorescent tracers on lymphatic function to repeated functional measurements. Methods: Rat tails were imaged with NIR and metrics of function were calculated for both collecting vessels that drain the tail. A nitric oxide donor cream (GTNO) was applied to the tail. Additionally, two different NIR dyes, indocyanine green (ICG) and LI-COR IRDye 800CW PEG, were utilized for function imaging at the time of initial injection and at 1, 2, and 4 week follow-up time points after which both draining lymph nodes were harvested. Results and Discussion: Significant differences were found between the two collecting vessels such that the vessel first showing fluorescence (dominant) produced enhanced functional metrics compared to the second vessel (non-dominant). GTNO significantly reduced lymphatic function in the non-dominant vessel compared to the dominant. ICG remained visible in the tail for 2 weeks after injection and was accompanied by significant losses in lymphatic function and enlarged draining lymph nodes. The Licor tracer also remained visible for 2 weeks. However, the dye produced significantly lower effects on lymphatic function than ICG, and lymph nodes were not enlarged at any time point, suggesting that this may be a more appropriate contrast agent for longitudinal lymphatic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weiler
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA
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Buretta KJ, Brat GA, Christensen JM, Ibrahim Z, Grahammer J, Furtmüller GJ, Suami H, Cooney DS, Lee WPA, Brandacher G, Sacks JM. Near-infrared lymphography as a minimally invasive modality for imaging lymphatic reconstitution in a rat orthotopic hind limb transplantation model. Transpl Int 2013; 26:928-37. [PMID: 23879384 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wider application of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is limited by the need for chronic immunosuppression. Recent data suggest that the lymphatic system plays an important role in mediating rejection. This study used near-infrared (NIR) lymphography to describe lymphatic reconstitution in a rat VCA model. Syngeneic (Lewis-Lewis) and allogeneic (Brown Norway-Lewis) rat orthotopic hind limb transplants were performed without immunosuppression. Animals were imaged pre- and postoperatively using indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography. Images were collected using an NIR imaging system. Co-localization was achieved through use of an acrylic paint/hydrogen peroxide mixture. In all transplants, ICG first crossed graft suture lines on postoperative day (POD) 5. Clinical signs of rejection also appeared on POD 5 in allogeneic transplants, with most exhibiting Grade 3 rejection by POD 6. Injection of an acrylic paint/hydrogen peroxide mixture on POD 5 confirmed the existence of continuous lymphatic vessels crossing the suture line and draining into the inguinal lymph node. NIR lymphography is a minimally invasive imaging modality that can be used to study lymphatic vessels in a rat VCA model. In allogeneic transplants, lymphatic reconstitution correlated with clinical rejection. Lymphatic reconstitution may represent an early target for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Buretta
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Zhong J, Yang S, Zheng X, Zhou T, Xing D. In vivo photoacoustic therapy with cancer-targeted indocyanine green-containing nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:903-19. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this work was to study the photoacoustic effect of a special nanoparticle for selective cancer cell killing both in vitro and in vivo. Materials & methods: The nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of indocyanine green (ICG), phospholipid–polyethylene glycol (PL–PEG) and folic acid (FA) were used as cancer-targeting nanoprobes. Cancer cells incubated with the ICG–PL–PEG–FA solution were exposed to laser pulses. Finally, tumors in mice were treated with photoacoustic technique. Results: High selectivity of the photoacoustic destruction of cancer cells was observed. The tumors in mice after photoacoustic treatment showed a much slower growth rate. Conclusion: The destruction of the cells was due to the photoacoustic effect originating from the NPs. The ICG–PL–PEG NP-based photoacoustic therapy would be a safe and highly efficient cancer treatment technique. Original submitted 21 February 2012; Revised submitted 2 August 2012; Published online 10 September 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Bayer CL, Joshi PP, Emelianov SY. Photoacoustic imaging: a potential tool to detect early indicators of metastasis. Expert Rev Med Devices 2013; 10:125-34. [PMID: 23278229 DOI: 10.1586/erd.12.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metastasis of cancer is a multistage process involving complex biological interactions and difficult to predict outcomes. Accurate assessment of the extent of metastasis is critical for clinical practice; unfortunately, medical imaging methods capable of identifying the early stages of invasion and metastasis are lacking. Photoacoustic imaging is capable of providing noninvasive, real-time imaging of significant anatomical and physiological changes. indicating the progression of cancer invasion and metastasis. Preclinically, photoacoustic methods have been used to image lymphatic anatomy, including the sentinel lymph nodes, to identify circulating tumor cells within vasculature and to detect micrometastases. Progress has begun toward the development of clinically applicable photoacoustic imaging systems to assist with the determination of cancer stage and likelihood of metastatic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Bayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Proulx ST, Luciani P, Christiansen A, Karaman S, Blum KS, Rinderknecht M, Leroux JC, Detmar M. Use of a PEG-conjugated bright near-infrared dye for functional imaging of rerouting of tumor lymphatic drainage after sentinel lymph node metastasis. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5128-37. [PMID: 23566803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor lymphangiogenesis promotes metastatic cancer spread to lymph nodes and beyond. However, the potential remodeling and functionality of tumor-draining lymphatic vessels has remained unclear. Thus, we aimed to develop non-invasive imaging methods for repeated quantitative imaging of lymphatic drainage and of contractile collecting lymphatic vessel function in mice, with colloidal near-infrared (NIR) tracers and a custom fluorescence stereomicroscope specially adapted for NIR sensitive imaging. Using these tools, we quantitatively determined pulse rates and valvular function of collecting lymphatic vessels with high resolution. Unexpectedly, we found that tumor-draining lymphatic vessels in a melanoma footpad model initially were dilated but remained functional, despite lower pulse rates. In two independent tumor models, impaired lymphatic function was detected once metastases were present in draining lymph nodes. Importantly, we found that lymphatic dysfunction, induced by metastatic tumor spread to sentinel lymph nodes, can lead to a rerouting of lymphatic flow away from the metastatic lymph node, via collateral lymphatic vessels, to alternate lymph nodes. These findings might have important clinical implications for the procedure of sentinel lymph node mapping that represents the standard of care for determining prognosis and treatment of melanoma and breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Proulx
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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