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Amador-Martínez I, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Bernabe-Yepes B, Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Mitochondrial Impairment: A Link for Inflammatory Responses Activation in the Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15875. [PMID: 37958859 PMCID: PMC10650149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS type 4) occurs when chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to cardiovascular damage, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Mitochondria, vital organelles responsible for essential cellular functions, can become dysfunctional in CKD. This dysfunction can trigger inflammatory responses in distant organs by releasing Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs are recognized by immune receptors within cells, including Toll-like receptors (TLR) like TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Activation of these immune receptors leads to the increased expression of cytokines and chemokines. Excessive chemokine stimulation results in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissues, causing chronic damage. Experimental studies have demonstrated that chemokines are upregulated in the heart during CKD, contributing to CRS type 4. Conversely, chemokine inhibitors have been shown to reduce chronic inflammation and prevent cardiorenal impairment. However, the molecular connection between mitochondrial DAMPs and inflammatory pathways responsible for chemokine overactivation in CRS type 4 has not been explored. In this review, we delve into mechanistic insights and discuss how various mitochondrial DAMPs released by the kidney during CKD can activate TLRs, NLRP3, and cGAS-STING immune pathways in the heart. This activation leads to the upregulation of chemokines, ultimately culminating in the establishment of CRS type 4. Furthermore, we propose using chemokine inhibitors as potential strategies for preventing CRS type 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Amador-Martínez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (I.A.-M.); (A.K.A.-R.)
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Bismarck Bernabe-Yepes
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (I.A.-M.); (A.K.A.-R.)
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
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Yoshikawa T, Oguchi A, Toriu N, Sato Y, Kobayashi T, Ogawa O, Haga H, Sakurai S, Yamamoto T, Murakawa Y, Yanagita M. Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues Are Microenvironments with Intensive Interactions between Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Parenchymal Cells in Aged Kidneys. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1687-1708. [PMID: 37548710 PMCID: PMC10561819 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ectopic lymphoid structures called tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) develop in several kidney diseases and are associated with poor renal prognosis. However, the mechanisms underlying TLT expansion and their effect on renal regeneration remain unclear. The authors report that single-nucleus RNA sequencing and validation experiments demonstrate that TLTs potentially amplify inflammation in aged injured kidneys. Lymphocytes within TLTs promote proinflammatory phenotypes of the surrounding proximal tubules and fibroblasts within the TLTs via proinflammatory cytokine production. These proinflammatory parenchymal cells then interact with immune cells by chemokine or cytokine production. Such cell-cell interactions potentially increase inflammation, expand TLTs, and exacerbate kidney injury. These findings help illuminate renal TLT pathology and suggest potential therapeutic targets. BACKGROUND Ectopic lymphoid structures called tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) develop in several kidney diseases and are associated with poor renal prognosis. However, the mechanisms that expand TLTs and underlie exacerbation of kidney injury remain unclear. METHODS We performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on aged mouse kidneys with TLTs after ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results were validated using immunostaining, in situ hybridization of murine and human kidneys, and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Using snRNA-seq, we identified proinflammatory and profibrotic Vcam1+ injured proximal tubules (PTs) with NF κ B and IFN-inducible transcription factor activation. VCAM1 + PTs were preferentially localized around TLTs and drove inflammation and fibrosis via the production of multiple chemokines or cytokines. Lymphocytes within TLTs expressed Tnf and Ifng at high levels, which synergistically upregulated VCAM1 and chemokine expression in cultured PT cells. In addition, snRNA-seq also identified proinflammatory and profibrotic fibroblasts, which resided within and outside TLTs, respectively. Proinflammatory fibroblasts exhibited STAT1 activation and various chemokine or cytokine production, including CXCL9/CXCL10 and B cell-activating factor, contributing to lymphocyte recruitment and survival. IFN γ upregulated the expression of these molecules in cultured fibroblasts in a STAT1-dependent manner, indicating potential bidirectional interactions between IFN γ -producing CXCR3 + T cells and proinflammatory fibroblasts within TLTs. The cellular and molecular components described in this study were confirmed in human kidneys with TLTs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TLTs potentially amplify inflammation by providing a microenvironment that allows intense interactions between renal parenchymal and immune cells. These interactions may serve as novel therapeutic targets in kidney diseases involving TLT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Oguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Toriu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakurai
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- IFOM-ETS, Milan, Italy
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Rao JS, Pruett TL. Immunology of the transplanted cryopreserved kidney. Cryobiology 2023; 110:1-7. [PMID: 36640932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation has substituted dysfunctional organs with healthy organs from donors to significantly lower morbidity and mortality associated with end-stage organ disease. Since the advent of transplantation, the promise of functional replacement has attracted an exponential mismatch between organ supply and demand. Theoretical proposals to counter the increasing needs have either been to create a source through genetic engineering of porcine donors for xenotransplantation (with more potent immunosuppression protocols) or recreate one's organ in a pig using interspecies blastocyst complementation for exogenic organ transplantation (without immunosuppression). Another promising avenue has been organ banking through cryopreservation for transplantation. Although ice free preservation and acceptable early function following rewarming is critical for success in transplantation, the immunological response that predominantly defines short- and long-term graft survival has failed to captivate attention to date. It is well sorted that thermal and metabolic stress incurred at 4 °C during recovery and reperfusion of organs for clinical transplantation has varying impact on graft survival. Considering the magnitude of cellular imbalance and injury at sub-zero/ultralow temperatures in addition to the chemical toxicity of cryoprotective agents (CPA), it is essential to assess and address the immunological response associated following transplantation to maximize the success of cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sushil Rao
- Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Timothy L Pruett
- Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Suryawanshi H, Yang H, Lubetzky M, Morozov P, Lagman M, Thareja G, Alonso A, Li C, Snopkowski C, Belkadi A, Mueller FB, Lee JR, Dadhania DM, Salvatore SP, Seshan SV, Sharma VK, Suhre K, Suthanthiran M, Tuschl T, Muthukumar T. Detection of infiltrating fibroblasts by single-cell transcriptomics in human kidney allografts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267704. [PMID: 35657798 PMCID: PMC9165878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of human kidney allograft biopsies will reveal distinct cell types and states and yield insights to decipher the complex heterogeneity of alloimmune injury. We selected 3 biopsies of kidney cortex from 3 individuals for scRNA-seq and processed them fresh using an identical protocol on the 10x Chromium platform; (i) HK: native kidney biopsy from a living donor, (ii) AK1: allograft kidney with transplant glomerulopathy, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and worsening graft function, and (iii) AK2: allograft kidney after successful treatment of active antibody-mediated rejection. We did not study T-cell-mediated rejections. We generated 7217 high-quality single cell transcriptomes. Taking advantage of the recipient-donor sex mismatches revealed by X and Y chromosome autosomal gene expression, we determined that in AK1 with fibrosis, 42 months after transplantation, more than half of the kidney allograft fibroblasts were recipient-derived and therefore likely migratory and graft infiltrative, whereas in AK2 without fibrosis, 84 months after transplantation, most fibroblasts were donor-organ-derived. Furthermore, AK1 was enriched for tubular progenitor cells overexpressing profibrotic extracellular matrix genes. AK2, eight months after successful treatment of rejection, contained plasmablast cells with high expression of immunoglobulins, endothelial cell elaboration of T cell chemoattractant cytokines, and persistent presence of cytotoxic T cells. In addition to these key findings, our analysis revealed unique cell types and states in the kidney. Altogether, single-cell transcriptomics yielded novel mechanistic insights, which could pave the way for individualizing the care of transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Suryawanshi
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hua Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michelle Lubetzky
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Pavel Morozov
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Mila Lagman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Thareja
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Carol Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Catherine Snopkowski
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Aziz Belkadi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Franco B. Mueller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - John R. Lee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Darshana M. Dadhania
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Salvatore
- Division of Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Surya V. Seshan
- Division of Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manikkam Suthanthiran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
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Van Loon E, Lamarthée B, Barba T, Claes S, Coemans M, de Loor H, Emonds MP, Koshy P, Kuypers D, Proost P, Senev A, Sprangers B, Tinel C, Thaunat O, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Schols D, Naesens M. Circulating Donor-Specific Anti-HLA Antibodies Associate With Immune Activation Independent of Kidney Transplant Histopathological Findings. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818569. [PMID: 35281018 PMCID: PMC8904423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the critical role of cytokines in allograft rejection, the relation of peripheral blood cytokine profiles to clinical kidney transplant rejection has not been fully elucidated. We assessed 28 cytokines through multiplex assay in 293 blood samples from kidney transplant recipients at time of graft dysfunction. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified a subset of patients with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. This patient subset was hallmarked by a high prevalence (75%) of donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA-DSA) and histological rejection (70%) and had worse graft survival compared to the group with low cytokine levels (HLA-DSA in 1.7% and rejection in 33.7%). Thirty percent of patients with high pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and HLA-DSA did not have histological rejection. Exploring the cellular origin of these cytokines, we found a corresponding expression in endothelial cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells in single-cell RNASeq data from kidney transplant biopsies. Finally, we confirmed secretion of these cytokines in HLA-DSA-mediated cross talk between endothelial cells, NK cells, and monocytes. In conclusion, blood pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased in kidney transplant patients with HLA-DSA, even in the absence of histology of rejection. These observations challenge the concept that histology is the gold standard for identification of ongoing allo-immune activation after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Van Loon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Lamarthée
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Barba
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Edouard Herriot Hospital Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Claes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Coemans
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henriette de Loor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Emonds
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Priyanka Koshy
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Kuypers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksandar Senev
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claire Tinel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Edouard Herriot Hospital Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Amaryllis H Van Craenenbroeck
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Urinary CXCL10 specifically relates to HLA-DQ eplet mismatch load in kidney transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2021; 70:101494. [PMID: 34774739 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary CXCL10 (uCXCL10) is associated with graft inflammation and graft survival, but the factors related to its excretion are not well known. HLA molecular matching at epitope level allow estimating the "dissimilarity" between donor and recipient HLA more precisely, being better related to further transplant outcomes. The relationship between uCXCL10 and HLA molecular mismatch has not been previously explored. METHODS HLA class I and class II typing of some 65 recipients and their donors was retrospectively performed by high resolution sequence-specific-primer (Life Technologies, Brown Deer, WI). The HLA-Matchmaker 3.1 software was used to assess eplet matching. Urine samples collected on the day of the 1-year surveillance biopsy were available of these 65 patients. uCXCL10 was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. RESULTS 1-year uCXCL10 was independently associated with HLA-DQB1 eplet mismatch load (β 0.300, 95%CI 0.010-0.058, p = 0.006). Kidney transplant recipients with a HLA-DQB1 eplet mismatch load >3 showed higher values of uCXCL10 at 1-year (p = 0.018) than those with ≤3. Patients with a HLA-DQB1 eplet mismatch load >3 with subclinical AbMR had significantly higher levels of the logarithm of 1-year uCXCL10 (No AbMR 0.88, IQR 0.37; AbMR 1.38, IQR 0.34, p = 0.002) than those without AbMR. CONCLUSIONS uCXCL10 specifically relates to HLA-DQ eplet mismatch load. This relationship can partly explain the previously reported association between uCXCL10 excretion and graft inflammation. An adequate evaluation of any potential non-invasive biomarker, such as uCXCL10, must take into account the HLA molecular mismatch.
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7
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Hatje FA, Wedekind U, Sachs W, Loreth D, Reichelt J, Demir F, Kosub C, Heintz L, Tomas NM, Huber TB, Skuza S, Sachs M, Zielinski S, Rinschen MM, Meyer-Schwesinger C. Tripartite Separation of Glomerular Cell Types and Proteomes from Reporter-Free Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2175-2193. [PMID: 34074698 PMCID: PMC8729851 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020091346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glomerulus comprises podocytes, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells, which jointly determine glomerular filtration. Understanding this intricate functional unit beyond the transcriptome requires bulk isolation of these cell types for biochemical investigations. We developed a globally applicable tripartite isolation method for murine mesangial and endothelial cells and podocytes (timMEP). METHODS We separated glomerular cell types from wild-type or mT/mG mice via a novel FACS approach, and validated their purity. Cell type proteomes were compared between strains, ages, and sex. We applied timMEP to the podocyte-targeting, immunologic, THSD7A-associated, model of membranous nephropathy. RESULTS timMEP enabled protein-biochemical analyses of podocytes, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells derived from reporter-free mice, and allowed for the characterization of podocyte, endothelial, and mesangial proteomes of individual mice. We identified marker proteins for mesangial and endothelial proteins, and outlined protein-based, potential communication networks and phosphorylation patterns. The analysis detected cell type-specific proteome differences between mouse strains and alterations depending on sex, age, and transgene. After exposure to anti-THSD7A antibodies, timMEP resolved a fine-tuned initial stress response, chiefly in podocytes, that could not be detected by bulk glomerular analyses. The combination of proteomics with super-resolution imaging revealed a specific loss of slit diaphragm, but not of other foot process proteins, unraveling a protein-based mechanism of podocyte injury in this animal model. CONCLUSION timMEP enables glomerular cell type-resolved investigations at the transcriptional and protein-biochemical level in health and disease, while avoiding reporter-based artifacts, paving the way toward the comprehensive and systematic characterization of glomerular cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favian A. Hatje
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uta Wedekind
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Desiree Loreth
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Reichelt
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fatih Demir
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher Kosub
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Heintz
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola M. Tomas
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sinah Skuza
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlies Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zielinski
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus M. Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Sachs M, Wetzel S, Reichelt J, Sachs W, Schebsdat L, Zielinski S, Seipold L, Heintz L, Müller SA, Kretz O, Lindenmeyer M, Wiech T, Huber TB, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Lichtenthaler SF, Saftig P, Meyer-Schwesinger C. ADAM10-Mediated Ectodomain Shedding Is an Essential Driver of Podocyte Damage. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1389-1408. [PMID: 33785583 PMCID: PMC8259650 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes embrace the glomerular capillaries with foot processes, which are interconnected by a specialized adherens junction to ultimately form the filtration barrier. Altered adhesion and loss are common features of podocyte injury, which could be mediated by shedding of cell-adhesion molecules through the regulated activity of cell surface-expressed proteases. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is such a protease known to mediate ectodomain shedding of adhesion molecules, among others. Here we evaluate the involvement of ADAM10 in the process of antibody-induced podocyte injury. METHODS Membrane proteomics, immunoblotting, high-resolution microscopy, and immunogold electron microscopy were used to analyze human and murine podocyte ADAM10 expression in health and kidney injury. The functionality of ADAM10 ectodomain shedding for podocyte development and injury was analyzed, in vitro and in vivo, in the anti-podocyte nephritis (APN) model in podocyte-specific, ADAM10-deficient mice. RESULTS ADAM10 is selectively localized at foot processes of murine podocytes and its expression is dispensable for podocyte development. Podocyte ADAM10 expression is induced in the setting of antibody-mediated injury in humans and mice. Podocyte ADAM10 deficiency attenuates the clinical course of APN and preserves the morphologic integrity of podocytes, despite subepithelial immune-deposit formation. Functionally, ADAM10-related ectodomain shedding results in cleavage of the cell-adhesion proteins N- and P-cadherin, thus decreasing their injury-related surface levels. This favors podocyte loss and the activation of downstream signaling events through the Wnt signaling pathway in an ADAM10-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS ADAM10-mediated ectodomain shedding of injury-related cadherins drives podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wetzel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Reichelt
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schebsdat
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zielinski
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Seipold
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lukas Heintz
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Nephropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Ambinathan JPN, Sridhar VS, Lytvyn Y, Lovblom LE, Liu H, Bjornstad P, Perkins BA, Lovshin JA, Cherney DZI. Relationships between inflammation, hemodynamic function and RAAS in longstanding type 1 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107880. [PMID: 33678512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is associated with renal disease and inflammation in a diabetes setting, however, little is known about the implicated mechanisms in individuals with long standing diabetes. Accordingly, our aim was to perform an observational study to quantify urinary excretion of inflammatory biomarkers in participants with long standing type 1 diabetes (T1D) (with and without diabetic kidney disease [DKD]) and controls, at baseline and in response to RAAS activation. GFRINULIN, ERPFPAH, and 42 urine inflammatory biomarkers were measured in 74 participants with T1D for ≥50 years (21 with DKD and 44 without DKD [DKD resistors]) and 73 healthy controls. Additionally, inflammatory biomarkers were measured before and after an angiotensin II infusion (ANGII, 1 ng∙kg-1∙min-1). Significantly lower urinary excretion of cytokines (IL-18, IL-1RA, IL-8), chemokines (MCP1, RANTES) and growth factors (TGF-α, PDGFAA, PDGFBB, VEGF-A) was observed in participants with T1D at baseline compared to controls. Urinary IL-6 was higher in DKD than in DKD resistors in an exploratory analysis unadjusted for multiple comparisons. In T1D only, lower GFRINULIN correlated with greater excretion of proinflammatory biomarkers (IL-18, IP-10, & RANTES), growth factors (PDGF-AA & VEGFAA), and chemokines (eotaxin & MCP-1). ANGII increased 31 of 42 inflammatory biomarkers in T1D vs controls (p < 0.05), regardless of DKD resistor status. In conclusion, lower GFR and intra-renal RAAS activation were associated with increased inflammation even after longstanding T1D. The increased urinary IL-6 in patients with DKD requires further investigation to determine whether IL-6 is a candidate protective biomarker for prognostication or targeted therapy in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikas S Sridhar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuliya Lytvyn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leif Erik Lovblom
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie A Lovshin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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10
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Sachs W, Sachs M, Krüger E, Zielinski S, Kretz O, Huber TB, Baranowsky A, Westermann LM, Voltolini Velho R, Ludwig NF, Yorgan TA, Di Lorenzo G, Kollmann K, Braulke T, Schwartz IV, Schinke T, Danyukova T, Pohl S, Meyer-Schwesinger C. Distinct Modes of Balancing Glomerular Cell Proteostasis in Mucolipidosis Type II and III Prevent Proteinuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1796-1814. [PMID: 32641396 PMCID: PMC7460914 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms balancing proteostasis in glomerular cells are unknown. Mucolipidosis (ML) II and III are rare lysosomal storage disorders associated with mutations of the Golgi-resident GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, which generates mannose 6-phosphate residues on lysosomal enzymes. Without this modification, lysosomal enzymes are missorted to the extracellular space, which results in lysosomal dysfunction of many cell types. Patients with MLII present with severe skeletal abnormalities, multisystemic symptoms, and early death; the clinical course in MLIII is less progressive. Despite dysfunction of a major degradative pathway, renal and glomerular involvement is rarely reported, suggesting organ-specific compensatory mechanisms. METHODS MLII mice were generated and compared with an established MLIII model to investigate the balance of protein synthesis and degradation, which reflects glomerular integrity. Proteinuria was assessed in patients. High-resolution confocal microscopy and functional assays identified proteins to deduce compensatory modes of balancing proteostasis. RESULTS Patients with MLII but not MLIII exhibited microalbuminuria. MLII mice showed lysosomal enzyme missorting and several skeletal alterations, indicating that they are a useful model. In glomeruli, both MLII and MLIII mice exhibited reduced levels of lysosomal enzymes and enlarged lysosomes with abnormal storage material. Nevertheless, neither model had detectable morphologic or functional glomerular alterations. The models rebalance proteostasis in two ways: MLII mice downregulate protein translation and increase the integrated stress response, whereas MLIII mice upregulate the proteasome system in their glomeruli. Both MLII and MLIII downregulate the protein complex mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) signaling, which decreases protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Severe lysosomal dysfunction leads to microalbuminuria in some patients with mucolipidosis. Mouse models indicate distinct compensatory pathways that balance proteostasis in MLII and MLIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlies Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zielinski
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Marie Westermann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renata Voltolini Velho
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nataniel Floriano Ludwig
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Timur Alexander Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giorgia Di Lorenzo
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kollmann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braulke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Vanessa Schwartz
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Danyukova
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Gao J, Wu L, Wang S, Chen X. Role of Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 10 (CXCL10) in Renal Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6194864. [PMID: 32089645 PMCID: PMC7025113 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6194864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine C-X-C ligand 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), exerts biological function mainly through binding to its specific receptor, CXCR3. Studies have shown that renal resident mesangial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, podocytes, endothelial cells, and infiltrating inflammatory cells express CXCL10 and CXCR3 under inflammatory conditions. In the last few years, strong experimental and clinical evidence has indicated that CXCL10 is involved in the development of renal diseases through the chemoattraction of inflammatory cells and facilitation of cell growth and angiostatic effects. In addition, CXCL10 has been shown to be a significant biomarker of disease severity, and it can be used as a prognostic indicator for a variety of renal diseases, such as renal allograft dysfunction and lupus nephritis. In this review, we summarize the structures and biological functions of CXCL10 and CXCR3, focusing on the important role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, and provide a theoretical basis for CXCL10 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Siyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
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12
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Wilson NA, Dylewski J, Degner KR, O'Neill MA, Reese SR, Hidalgo LG, Blaine J, Panzer SE. An in vitro model of antibody-mediated injury to glomerular endothelial cells: Upregulation of MHC class II and adhesion molecules. Transpl Immunol 2019; 58:101261. [PMID: 31887408 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2019.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic active antibody-mediated rejection is a major cause of allograft failure in kidney transplantation. Microvascular inflammation and transplant glomerulopathy are defining pathologic features of chronic active antibody-mediated rejection and are associated with allograft failure. However, the mechanisms of leukocyte infiltration and glomerular endothelial cell injury remain unclear. We hypothesized MHC class II ligation on glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) would result in upregulation of adhesion molecules and production of chemoattractants. A model of endothelial cell activation in the presence of antibodies to MHC classes I and II was used to determine the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines. Murine GEnC were activated with IFNγ, which upregulated gene expression of β2-microglobulin (MHC class I), ICAM1, VCAM1, CCL2, CCL5, and IL-6. IFNγ stimulation of GEnC increased surface expression of MHC class I, MHC class II, ICAM1, and VCAM1. Incubation with antibodies directed at MHC class I or class II did not further enhance adhesion molecule expression. Multispectral imaging flow cytometry and confocal microscopy demonstrated MHC molecules co-localized with the adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1 on the GEnC surface. GEnC secretion of chemoattractants, CCL2 and CCL5, was increased by IFNγ stimulation. CCL2 production was further enhanced by incubation with sensitized plasma. Endothelial activation induces de novo expression of MHC class II molecules and increases surface expression of MHC class I, ICAM1 and VCAM1, which are all co-localized together. Maintaining the integrity and functionality of the glomerular endothelium is necessary to ensure survival of the allograft. IFNγ stimulation of GEnC propagates an inflammatory response with production of chemokines and co-localization of MHC and adhesion molecules on the GEnC surface, contributing to endothelial cell function as antigen presenting cells and an active player in allograft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Wilson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James Dylewski
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenna R Degner
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan A O'Neill
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shannon R Reese
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luis G Hidalgo
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Judith Blaine
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah E Panzer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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13
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Okabayashi Y, Nagasaka S, Kanzaki G, Tsuboi N, Yokoo T, Shimizu A. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells are involved in the progression of experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis and are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Kidney Int 2019; 96:942-956. [PMID: 31402171 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells play an important role in the early effector cytokine-mediated response. In Wistar Kyoto rats, CD8+ non-T lymphocytes (CD8+Lym) infiltrate into glomeruli during the development of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis. Here, we examined the profiles and roles of CD8+Lym in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. The regulation of CD8+Lym by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis was also evaluated. Glomerular infiltrating CD8+Lym were lineage-negative cells that showed markedly high expression of IFN-γ and T-bet mRNAs but not Eomes, indicating these cells are group 1 innate lymphoid cells. In anti-GBM glomerulonephritis, the glomerular mRNAs of innate lymphoid cell-related cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) are significantly increased. Treatment with a PPARα agonist ameliorated renal injury, with reduced expression of these mRNAs. In vitro, enhanced IFN-γ production from innate lymphoid cells upon IL-12 and IL-18 stimulation was reduced by the PPARα agonist. Moreover, CXCL9 mRNA in glomerular endothelial cells and CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 mRNAs in podocytes and macrophages were upregulated by IFN-γ, whereas the PPARα agonist downregulated their expression. We also detected the infiltration of innate lymphoid cells into glomeruli in human anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. Thus, innate lymphoid cells are involved in the progression of anti-GBM glomerulonephritis and regulated directly or indirectly by PPARα. Our findings suggest that innate lymphoid cells could serve as novel therapeutic targets for anti-GBM glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okabayashi
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagasaka
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Kanzaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Masum MA, Ichii O, ELewa YHA, Kon Y. Induced expression of Toll-like receptor 9 in peritubular capillary endothelium correlates with the progression of tubulointerstitial lesions in autoimmune disease-prone mice. Lupus 2019; 28:324-333. [PMID: 30813872 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319828518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor (Tlr) 9 is capable of recognizing exogenous and/or endogenous nucleic acids and plays a crucial role in innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, we showed that Tlr9 is overexpressed in podocytes, a component of the blood-urine barrier (BUB), in glomeruli of autoimmune glomerulonephritis (AGN) model mice. This study investigated the activation of peritubular capillary (PTC) endothelial cells (ECs), a component of the BUB in the tubulointerstitium, through overexpressing Tlr9, and the subsequent development of tubulointerstitial lesions (TILs) in AGN model mice. METHODS Lupus-prone BXSB/MpJ-Yaa (Yaa) and BXSB/MpJ (BXSB) mice were used as an AGN model and control, respectively. In addition to histopathological and ultrastructural techniques, protein and mRNA levels were also evaluated. The relationship between Tlr9 and TIL indices was analyzed by statistical correlation analysis. RESULTS Yaa mice developed TILs and showed strong Tlr9 mRNA expression in PTC ECs at 24 weeks (wks) of age. However, BXSB mice showed no TIL but faint expression of Tlr9 mRNA at 8 and 24 wks of age. Tlr9 protein localization on PTC was almost absent in BXSB mice at both ages but intense expression was found in Yaa mice only at 24 wks of age. Relative mRNA expression of Tlr9 and its putative downstream cytokines, including interleukin 1 beta ( Il1b), Il6, interferon gamma ( Ifng), and tumor necrosis factor alpha ( Tnf) was markedly increased in isolated tubulointerstitium from Yaa mice at 24 wks of age. Furthermore, electron microscopy examination revealed PTC injury and TIL in Yaa mice at 24 wks. The expression level of Tlr9 in the tubulointerstitium was correlated with inflammatory cells in TILs, injured PTC, Ilb and Tnf expression, and damaged tubules ( P < 0.05 and 0.01). CONCLUSION Induced expression of Tlr9 in ECs correlates with PTC injury and the development of TILs in lupus-prone AGN model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Masum
- 1 Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,2 Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - O Ichii
- 1 Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y H A ELewa
- 1 Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,3 Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Y Kon
- 1 Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Urinary CXCL10 Chemokine Is Associated With Alloimmune and Virus Compartment-Specific Renal Allograft Inflammation. Transplantation 2018; 102:521-529. [PMID: 28902772 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a promising biomarker for subclinical tubulointerstitial inflammation, but limited data exist regarding its correlation with (micro)vascular inflammation. Furthermore, no study has evaluated whether concomitant serum CXCL10 improves the discrimination for (micro)vascular inflammation. METHODS We investigated whether serum/urinary CXCL10 reflect subclinical inflammation within different renal compartments. Patients (n = 107) with 107 surveillance biopsies were classified as: normal histology (n = 47), normal histology with polyomavirus BK (BKV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia (n = 17), moderate-severe tubulointerstitial inflammation (tubulitis ≥2, n = 18), pure microvascular inflammation (n = 15), and isolated v lesions (n = 10). Serum and urinary CXCL10 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay was performed. An independent validation set was evaluated for urine CXCL10: normal histology (n = 14), normal histology with BKV or CMV viremia (n = 19), tubulitis ≥2 (n = 15), pure microvascular inflammation (n = 41), and isolated v lesions (n = 14). RESULTS Elevated urinary CXCL10 reflected inflammation within the tubulointerstitial (urinary CXCL10/creatinine, 1.23 ng/mmol vs 0.46 ng/mmol; P = 0.02; area under the curve, 0.69; P = 0.001) and microvascular compartments (urinary CXCL10/creatinine, 1.72 ng/mmol vs 0.46 ng/mmol; P = 0.03; area under the curve, 0.69; P = 0.02) compared to normal histology. Intriguingly, urinary CXCL10 was predominantly elevated with peritubular capillaritis, but not glomerulitis (P = 0.04). Furthermore, urinary CXCL10 corresponded with BKV, but not CMV viremia (P = 0.02). These urine CXCL10 findings were confirmed in the independent validation set. Finally, serum CXCL10 was elevated with BKV and CMV viremia but was not associated with microvascular or vascular inflammation (P ≥ 0.19). CONCLUSIONS Urinary CXCL10 reflects subclinical inflammation within the tubulointerstitial and peritubular capillary spaces, but not the vascular/systemic compartments; this was consistent with BKV (tubulointerstitial) and CMV viremia (systemic). Serum CXCL10 was not a useful marker for (micro)vascular inflammation.
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16
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Lam KC, Vyshenska D, Hu J, Rodrigues RR, Nilsen A, Zielke RA, Brown NS, Aarnes EK, Sikora AE, Shulzhenko N, Lyng H, Morgun A. Transkingdom network reveals bacterial players associated with cervical cancer gene expression program. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5590. [PMID: 30294508 PMCID: PMC6170155 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide with human papillomavirus (HPV) being the main cause the disease. Chromosomal amplifications have been identified as a source of upregulation for cervical cancer driver genes but cannot fully explain increased expression of immune genes in invasive carcinoma. Insight into additional factors that may tip the balance from immune tolerance of HPV to the elimination of the virus may lead to better diagnosis markers. We investigated whether microbiota affect molecular pathways in cervical carcinogenesis by performing microbiome analysis via sequencing 16S rRNA in tumor biopsies from 121 patients. While we detected a large number of intra-tumor taxa (289 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)), we focused on the 38 most abundantly represented microbes. To search for microbes and host genes potentially involved in the interaction, we reconstructed a transkingdom network by integrating a previously discovered cervical cancer gene expression network with our bacterial co-abundance network and employed bipartite betweenness centrality. The top ranked microbes were represented by the families Bacillaceae, Halobacteriaceae, and Prevotellaceae. While we could not define the first two families to the species level, Prevotellaceae was assigned to Prevotella bivia. By co-culturing a cervical cancer cell line with P. bivia, we confirmed that three out of the ten top predicted genes in the transkingdom network (lysosomal associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3), STAT1, TAP1), all regulators of immunological pathways, were upregulated by this microorganism. Therefore, we propose that intra-tumor microbiota may contribute to cervical carcinogenesis through the induction of immune response drivers, including the well-known cancer gene LAMP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiem Chi Lam
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dariia Vyshenska
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jialu Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Anja Nilsen
- Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ryszard A Zielke
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Eva-Katrine Aarnes
- Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Heidi Lyng
- Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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17
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Zou XF, Song B, Duan JH, Hu ZD, Cui ZL, Yang T. PRINS Long Noncoding RNA Involved in IP-10–Mediated Allograft Rejection in Rat Kidney Transplant. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1558-1565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Radón V, Czesla M, Reichelt J, Fehlert J, Hammel A, Rosendahl A, Knop JH, Wiech T, Wenzel UO, Sachs M, Reinicke AT, Stahl RA, Meyer-Schwesinger C. Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 is required for regulated protein degradation through the ubiquitin proteasome system in kidney. Kidney Int 2018; 93:110-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Masum MA, Ichii O, Elewa YHA, Nakamura T, Kon Y. Local CD34-positive capillaries decrease in mouse models of kidney disease associating with the severity of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:280. [PMID: 28870174 PMCID: PMC5584339 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renal vasculature plays important roles in both homeostasis and pathology. In this study, we examined pathological changes in the renal microvascular in mouse models of kidney diseases. METHODS Glomerular lesions (GLs) in autoimmune disease-prone male BXSB/MpJ-Yaa (Yaa) mice and tubulointerstitial lesions (TILs) in male C57BL/6 mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) for 7 days were studied. Collected kidneys were examined using histopathological techniques. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.05) was performed to compare healthy controls and the experimental mice. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare three or more groups, and multiple comparisons were performed using Scheffe's method when significant differences were observed (P < 0.05). RESULTS Yaa mice developed severe autoimmune glomerulonephritis, and the number of CD34+ glomerular capillaries decreased significantly in GLs compared to that in control mice. However, UUO-treated mice showed severe TILs only, and CD34+ tubulointerstitial capillaries were decreased significantly in TILs with the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis compared to those in untreated control kidneys. Infiltrations of B-cells, T-cells, and macrophages increased significantly in the respective lesions of both disease models (P < 0.05). In observations of vascular corrosion casts by scanning electron microscopy and of microfil rubber-perfused thick kidney sections by fluorescence microscopy, segmental absences of capillaries were observed in the GLs and TILs of Yaa and UUO-treated mice, respectively. Further, transmission electron microscopy revealed capillary endothelial injury in the respective lesions of both models. The numbers of CD34+ glomerular and tubulointerstitial capillaries were negatively correlated with all examined parameters in GLs (P < 0.05) and TILs (P < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS From the analysis of mouse models, we identified inverse pathological correlations between the number of local capillaries in GLs and TILs and the severity of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Masum
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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20
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Arai Y, Takahashi D, Asano K, Tanaka M, Oda M, Ko SBH, Ko MSH, Mandai S, Nomura N, Rai T, Uchida S, Sohara E. Salt suppresses IFNγ inducible chemokines through the IFNγ-JAK1-STAT1 signaling pathway in proximal tubular cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46580. [PMID: 28425456 PMCID: PMC5397865 DOI: 10.1038/srep46580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of immunoactivation by salt are now becoming clearer. However, those of immunosuppression remain unknown. Since clinical evidence indicates that salt protects proximal tubules from injury, we investigated mechanisms responsible for salt causing immunosuppression in proximal tubules. We focused on cytokine-related gene expression profiles in kidneys of mice fed a high salt diet using microarray analysis and found that both an interferon gamma (IFNγ) inducible chemokine, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), and receptor, CXCR3, were suppressed. We further revealed that a high salt concentration suppressed IFNγ inducible chemokines in HK2 proximal tubular cells. Finally, we demonstrated that a high salt concentration decreased IFNGR1 expression in the basolateral membrane of HK2 cells, leading to decreased phosphorylation of activation sites of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and Signal Transducers and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1), activators of chemokines. JAK inhibitor canceled the effect of a high salt concentration on STAT1 and chemokines, indicating that the JAK1-STAT1 signaling pathway is essential for this mechanism. In conclusion, a high salt concentration suppresses IFNγ-JAK1-STAT1 signaling pathways and chemokine expressions in proximal tubules. This finding may explain how salt ameliorates proximal tubular injury and offer a new insight into the linkage between salt and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Arai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiei Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Oda
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru B. H. Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru S. H. Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Mandai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nomura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatemitsu Rai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Viklicky O, Hruba P, Tomiuk S, Schmitz S, Gerstmayer B, Sawitzki B, Miqueu P, Mrazova P, Tycova I, Svobodova E, Honsova E, Janssen U, Volk HD, Reinke P. Sequential Targeting of CD52 and TNF Allows Early Minimization Therapy in Kidney Transplantation: From a Biomarker to Targeting in a Proof-Of-Concept Trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169624. [PMID: 28085915 PMCID: PMC5234822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is high medical need for safe long-term immunosuppression monotherapy in kidney transplantation. Selective targeting of post-transplant alloantigen-(re)activated effector-T cells by anti-TNF antibodies after global T cell depletion may allow safe drug minimization, however, it is unsolved what might be the best maintenance monotherapy. Methods In this open, prospective observational single-centre trial, 20 primary deceased donor kidney transplant recipients received 2x20 mg Alemtuzumab (d0/d1) followed by 5 mg/kg Infliximab (d2). For 14 days all patients received only tacrolimus, then they were allocated to either receive tacrolimus (TAC, n = 13) or sirolimus (SIR, n = 7) monotherapy, respectively. Protocol biopsies and extensive immune monitoring were performed and patients were followed-up for 60 months. Results TAC-monotherapy resulted in excellent graft survival (5yr 92%, 95%CI: 56.6–98.9) and function, normal histology, and no proteinuria. Immune monitoring revealed low intragraft inflammation (urinary IP-10) and hints for the development of operational tolerance signature in the TAC- but not SIR-group. Remarkably, the TAC-monotherapy was successful in all five presensitized (ELISPOT+) patients. However, recruitment into SIR-arm was stopped (after n = 7) because of high incidence of proteinuria and acute/chronic rejection in biopsies. No opportunistic infections occurred during follow-up. Conclusions In conclusion, our novel fast-track TAC-monotherapy protocol is likely to be safe and preliminary results indicated an excellent 5-year outcome, however, a full–scale study will be needed to confirm our findings. Trial Registration EudraCT Number: 2006-003110-18
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Viklicky
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Petra Hruba
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Medicine (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Miqueu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Petra Mrazova
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Tycova
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Svobodova
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Honsova
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Janssen
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Medicine (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Medicine (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
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22
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George RP, Mehta AK, Perez SD, Winterberg P, Cheeseman J, Johnson B, Kwun J, Monday S, Stempora L, Warshaw B, Kirk AD. Premature T Cell Senescence in Pediatric CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:359-367. [PMID: 27413076 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual's immune function, susceptibility to infection, and response to immunosuppressive therapy are influenced in part by his/her T cell maturation state. Although childhood is the most dynamic period of immune maturation, scant information regarding the variability of T cell maturation in children with renal disease is available. In this study, we compared the T cell phenotype in children with renal failure (n=80) with that in healthy children (n=20) using multiparameter flow cytometry to detect markers of T cell maturation, exhaustion, and senescence known to influence immune function. We correlated data with the degree of renal failure (dialysis or nondialysis), prior immunosuppression use, and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokines) to assess the influence of these factors on T cell phenotype. Children with renal disease had highly variable and often markedly skewed maturation phenotypes, including CD4/CD8 ratio reversal, increased terminal effector differentiation in CD8+ T cells, reduction in the proportion of naïve T cells, evidence of T cell exhaustion and senescence, and variable loss of T cell CD28 expression. These findings were most significant in patients who had experienced major immune insults, particularly prior immunosuppressive drug exposure. In conclusion, children with renal disease have exceptional heterogeneity in the T cell repertoire. Cognizance of this heterogeneity might inform risk stratification with regard to the balance between infectious risk and response to immunosuppressive therapy, such as that required for autoimmune disease and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan P George
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; .,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Aneesh K Mehta
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Sebastian D Perez
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Pamela Winterberg
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | | | - Brandi Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Jean Kwun
- Division of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Linda Stempora
- Division of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Barry Warshaw
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and.,Division of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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23
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Rabant M, Amrouche L, Morin L, Bonifay R, Lebreton X, Aouni L, Benon A, Sauvaget V, Le Vaillant L, Aulagnon F, Sberro R, Snanoudj R, Mejean A, Legendre C, Terzi F, Anglicheau D. Early Low Urinary CXCL9 and CXCL10 Might Predict Immunological Quiescence in Clinically and Histologically Stable Kidney Recipients. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1868-81. [PMID: 26694099 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We monitored the urinary C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 levels in 1722 urine samples from 300 consecutive kidney recipients collected during the first posttransplantation year and assessed their predictive value for subsequent acute rejection (AR). The trajectories of urinary CXCL10 showed an early increase at 1 month (p = 0.0005) and 3 months (p = 0.0009) in patients who subsequently developed AR. At 1 year, the AR-free allograft survival rates were 90% and 54% in patients with CXCL10:creatinine (CXCL10:Cr) levels <2.79 ng/mmoL and >2.79 ng/mmoL at 1 month, respectively (p < 0.0001), and 88% and 56% in patients with CXCL10:Cr levels <5.32 ng/mmoL and >5.32 ng/mmoL at 3 months (p < 0.0001), respectively. CXCL9:Cr levels also associate, albeit less robustly, with AR-free allograft survival. Early CXCL10:Cr levels predicted clinical and subclinical rejection and both T cell- and antibody-mediated rejection. In 222 stable patients, CXCL10:Cr at 3 months predicted AR independent of concomitant protocol biopsy results (p = 0.009). Although its positive predictive value was low, a high negative predictive value suggests that early CXCL10:Cr might predict immunological quiescence on a triple-drug calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppressive regimen in the first posttransplantation year, even in clinically and histologically stable patients. The clinical utility of this test will need to be addressed by dedicated prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rabant
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L Amrouche
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - L Morin
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - R Bonifay
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - X Lebreton
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Centaure Foundation and Labex Transplantex, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - L Aouni
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Benon
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - V Sauvaget
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - L Le Vaillant
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - F Aulagnon
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - R Sberro
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - R Snanoudj
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Mejean
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital-Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Legendre
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Centaure Foundation and Labex Transplantex, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - F Terzi
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - D Anglicheau
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Centaure Foundation and Labex Transplantex, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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24
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Wang G, Lai FMM, Chow KM, Kwan BCH, Pang WF, Luk CCW, Leung CB, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Urinary mRNA levels of ELR-negative CXC chemokine ligand and extracellular matrix in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:699-706. [PMID: 25865428 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and fibrosis play important roles in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. We determine the urinary mRNA levels of ELR-CXC chemokine ligand and extracellular matrix in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS We studied 26 patients with biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy, 15 with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and 10 healthy controls. Urinary mRNA levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, collagen I A1 chain, collagen IV A3 chain and fibronectin were measured. Patients were followed for 36.9 ± 7.4 months to determine the rate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline. RESULTS Urinary mRNA levels of CXCL10 and CXCL11 are decreased, and those of collagen I A1 chain and fibronectin are increased in diabetic nephropathy. Baseline estimated GFR correlates with urinary mRNA level of CXCL9 (r = 0.583, p = 0.002) and CXCL11 (r = 0.703, p < 0.0001), respectively. The rate of GFR decline significantly correlates with urinary CXCL9 (r = -0.618, p = 0.0008) and CXCL11 mRNA levels (r = -0.726, p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis confirms that urinary CXCL9 mRNA level is independently associated with the rate of GFR decline, while the correlation with urinary CXCL11 mRNA level has borderline significance. CONCLUSION Urinary CXCL9 and CXCL11 mRNA levels correlate with baseline renal function. The rate of renal function decline correlates with urinary CXCL9 mRNA level. Our results suggest that urinary CXCL9 mRNA levels may be used for risk stratification of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fernand Mac-Moune Lai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Fai Pang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cathy Choi-Wan Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Bon Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Övünç Hacıhamdioğlu D, Zeybek C, Gök F, Pekel A, Muşabak U. Elevated Urinary T Helper 1 Chemokine Levels in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Obese Children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:175-82. [PMID: 26831550 PMCID: PMC4677551 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that T helper (Th) cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity and anti-hypertensive treatment on urinary Th1 chemokines. METHODS The study groups consisted of three types of patients: hypertensive obese, healthy, and non-hypertensive obese. Pre-treatment and post-treatment samples of the hypertensive obese group and one sample from the other two groups were evaluated for urinary chemokine: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP10), and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG). In the hypertensive obese group, urine microalbumin: creatinine ratio was examined before and after treatment. We recommended lifestyle changes to all patients. Captopril was started in those who could not be controlled with lifestyle changes and those who had stage 2 hypertension. RESULTS Twenty-four hypertensive obese (mean age 13.1), 27 healthy (mean age 11.2) and 22 non-hypertensive obese (mean age 11.5) children were investigated. The pre-treatment urine albumin: creatinine ratio was positively correlated with pre-treatment MIG levels (r=0.41, p<0.05). RANTES was significantly higher in the pre-treatment hypertensive and non-hypertensive obese group than in the controls. The urinary IP10 and MIG levels were higher in the pre-treatment hypertensive obese group than in the non-hypertensive obese. Comparison of the pre- and post-treatment values indicated significant decreases in RANTES, IP10, and MIG levels in the hypertensive obese group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Th1 cells could be activated in obese hypertensive children before the onset of clinical indicators of target organ damage. Urinary RANTES seemed to be affected by both hypertension and obesity, and urinary IP10 and MIG seemed to be affected predominantly by hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Övünç Hacıhamdioğlu
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, Clinic of Child Health and Diseases, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 216 542 20 20 E-mail:
| | - Cengiz Zeybek
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Faysal Gök
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Pekel
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Muşabak
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Sekine Y, Togi S, Muromoto R, Kon S, Kitai Y, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 Protein Expression in B16F10 Melanoma Cells Positively Regulates Protein Levels of Tyrosinase, Which Determines Organs to Infiltrate in the Body. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17462-73. [PMID: 26023234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, with a highly metastatic phenotype. In this report, we show that signal transducing adaptor protein 2 (STAP-2) is involved in cell migration, proliferation, and melanogenesis as well as chemokine receptor expression and tumorigenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. This was evident in mice injected with STAP-2 shRNA (shSTAP-2)-expressing B16F10 cells, which infiltrated organs in a completely different pattern from the original cells, showing massive colonization in the liver, kidney, and neck but not in the lung. The most important finding was that STAP-2 expression determined tyrosinase protein content. STAP-2 colocalized with tyrosinase in lysosomes and protected tyrosinase from protein degradation. It is noteworthy that B16F10 cells with knocked down tyrosinase showed similar cell characteristics as shSTAP-2 cells. These results indicated that tyrosinase contributed to some cellular events beyond melanogenesis. Taken together, one possibility is that STAP-2 positively regulates the protein levels of tyrosinase, which determines tumor invasion via controlling chemokine receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sekine
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumihito Togi
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kon
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan,
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27
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Rabant M, Amrouche L, Lebreton X, Aulagnon F, Benon A, Sauvaget V, Bonifay R, Morin L, Scemla A, Delville M, Martinez F, Timsit MO, Duong Van Huyen JP, Legendre C, Terzi F, Anglicheau D. Urinary C-X-C Motif Chemokine 10 Independently Improves the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Antibody-Mediated Kidney Allograft Rejection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2840-51. [PMID: 25948873 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014080797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary levels of C-X-C motif chemokine 9 (CXCL9) and CXCL10 can noninvasively diagnose T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) of renal allografts. However, performance of these molecules as diagnostic/prognostic markers of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is unknown. We investigated urinary CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels in a highly sensitized cohort of 244 renal allograft recipients (67 with preformed donor-specific antibodies [DSAs]) with 281 indication biopsy samples. We assessed the benefit of adding these biomarkers to conventional models for diagnosing/prognosing ABMR. Urinary CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels, normalized to urine creatinine (Cr) levels (CXCL9:Cr and CXCL10:Cr) or not, correlated with the extent of tubulointerstitial (i+t score; all P<0.001) and microvascular (g+ptc score; all P<0.001) inflammation. CXCL10:Cr diagnosed TCMR (area under the curve [AUC]=0.80; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.68 to 0.92; P<0.001) and ABMR (AUC=0.76; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.82; P<0.001) with high accuracy, even in the absence of tubulointerstitial inflammation (AUC=0.70; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.79; P<0.001). Although mean fluorescence intensity of the immunodominant DSA diagnosed ABMR (AUC=0.75; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.82; P<0.001), combining urinary CXCL10:Cr with immunodominant DSA levels improved the diagnosis of ABMR (AUC=0.83; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.89; P<0.001). At the time of ABMR, urinary CXCL10:Cr ratio was independently associated with an increased risk of graft loss. In conclusion, urinary CXCL10:Cr ratio associates with tubulointerstitial and microvascular inflammation of the renal allograft. Combining the urinary CXCL10:Cr ratio with DSA monitoring significantly improves the noninvasive diagnosis of ABMR and the stratification of patients at high risk for graft loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rabant
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France; Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Pathology Department and
| | - Lucile Amrouche
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Lebreton
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, and Centaure Foundation and Labex Transplantex, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Florence Aulagnon
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, and
| | - Aurélien Benon
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - Virginia Sauvaget
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - Raja Bonifay
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - Lise Morin
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, and
| | - Anne Scemla
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, and
| | - Marianne Delville
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, and
| | - Frank Martinez
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, and
| | - Marc Olivier Timsit
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Department of Urology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital-Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; and
| | | | - Christophe Legendre
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France; Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, and Centaure Foundation and Labex Transplantex, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France; Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, and Centaure Foundation and Labex Transplantex, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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28
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Cheng H, Harris RC. Renal endothelial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2015; 14:22-33. [PMID: 24720460 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x14666140401110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been posited to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Due to the heterogeneity of endothelial cells (ECs), it is difficult to generalize about endothelial responses to diabetic stimuli. At present, there are limited techniques fordirectly measuring EC function in vivo, so diagnosis of endothelial disorders still largely depends on indirect assessment of mediators arising from EC injury. In the kidney microcirculation, both afferent and efferent arteries, arterioles and glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) have all been implicated as targets of diabetic injury. Both hyperglycemia per se, as well as the metabolic consequences of glucose dysregulation, are thought to lead to endothelial cell dysfunction. In this regard, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a central role in EC dysfunction. Impaired eNOS activity can occur at numerous levels, including enzyme uncoupling, post-translational modifications, internalization and decreased expression. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability exacerbates oxidative stress, further promoting endothelial dysfunction and injury. The injured ECs may then function as active signal transducers of metabolic, hemodynamic and inflammatory factors that modify the function and morphology of the vessel wall and interact with adjacent cells, which may activate a cascade of inflammatory and proliferative and profibrotic responses in progressive DN. Both pharmacological approaches and potential regenerative therapies hold promise for restoration of impaired endothelial cells in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, S3223 MCN, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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29
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Kietzmann L, Guhr SSO, Meyer TN, Ni L, Sachs M, Panzer U, Stahl RAK, Saleem MA, Kerjaschki D, Gebeshuber CA, Meyer-Schwesinger C. MicroRNA-193a Regulates the Transdifferentiation of Human Parietal Epithelial Cells toward a Podocyte Phenotype. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:1389-401. [PMID: 25270065 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parietal epithelial cells have been identified as potential progenitor cells in glomerular regeneration, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully defined. Here, we established an immortalized polyclonal human parietal epithelial cell (hPEC) line from naive human Bowman's capsule cells isolated by mechanical microdissection. These hPECs expressed high levels of PEC-specific proteins and microRNA-193a (miR-193a), a suppressor of podocyte differentiation through downregulation of Wilms' tumor 1 in mice. We then investigated the function of miR-193a in the establishment of podocyte and PEC identity and determined whether inhibition of miR-193a influences the behavior of PECs in glomerular disease. After stable knockdown of miR-193a, hPECs adopted a podocyte-like morphology and marker expression, with decreased expression levels of PEC markers. In mice, inhibition of miR-193a by complementary locked nucleic acids resulted in an upregulation of the podocyte proteins synaptopodin and Wilms' tumor 1. Conversely, overexpression of miR-193a in vivo resulted in the upregulation of PEC markers and the loss of podocyte markers in isolated glomeruli. Inhibition of miR-193a in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis resulted in reduced crescent formation and decreased proteinuria. Together, these results show the establishment of a human PEC line and suggest that miR-193a functions as a master switch, such that glomerular epithelial cells with high levels of miR-193a adopt a PEC phenotype and cells with low levels of miR-193a adopt a podocyte phenotype. miR-193a-mediated maintenance of PECs in an undifferentiated reactive state might be a prerequisite for PEC proliferation and migration in crescent formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Kietzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian S O Guhr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias N Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Affiliated Asklepios Clinic Hamburg Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lan Ni
- Childrens Renal Unit, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
| | - Marlies Sachs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf A K Stahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Childrens Renal Unit, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dontscho Kerjaschki
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Smirnova NF, Gayral S, Pedros C, Loirand G, Vaillant N, Malet N, Kassem S, Calise D, Goudounèche D, Wymann MP, Hirsch E, Gadeau AP, Martinez LO, Saoudi A, Laffargue M. Targeting PI3Kγ activity decreases vascular trauma-induced intimal hyperplasia through modulation of the Th1 response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1779-92. [PMID: 25073791 PMCID: PMC4144742 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interventional strategies to treat atherosclerosis, such as transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation, often cause vascular injury. This leads to intimal hyperplasia (IH) formation that induces inflammatory and fibroproliferative processes and ultimately restenosis. We show that phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is a key player in IH formation and is a valid therapeutic target in its prevention/treatment. PI3Kγ-deficient mice and mice expressing catalytically inactive PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ KD) showed reduced arterial occlusion and accumulation of monocytes and T cells around sites of vascular lesion. The transfer of PI3Kγ KD CD4(+) T cells into Rag2-deficient mice greatly reduced vascular occlusion compared with WT cells, clearly demonstrating the involvement of PI3Kγ in CD4(+) T cells during IH formation. In addition we found that IH is associated with increased levels of Th1 and Th17 cytokines. A specific decrease in the Th1 response was observed in the absence of PI3Kγ activity, leading to decreased CXCL10 and RANTES production by smooth muscle cells. Finally, we show that treatment with the PI3Kγ inhibitor AS-605240 is sufficient to decrease IH in both mouse and rat models, reinforcing the therapeutic potential of PI3Kγ inhibition. Altogether, these findings demonstrate a new role for PI3Kγ activity in Th1-controlled IH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia F Smirnova
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Gayral
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Pedros
- INSERM, UMR1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France UMR CNRS, U5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- INSERM, UMR1087, F-44007 Nantes, France CNRS 6291, F-44007 Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant
- INSERM, UMR1087, F-44007 Nantes, France CNRS 6291, F-44007 Nantes, France
| | - Nicole Malet
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Sahar Kassem
- INSERM, UMR1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France UMR CNRS, U5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Calise
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Goudounèche
- Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France CMEAB, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Laurent O Martinez
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- INSERM, UMR1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France UMR CNRS, U5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
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31
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Disteldorf EM, Krebs CF, Paust HJ, Turner JE, Nouailles G, Tittel A, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Stege G, Brix S, Velden J, Wiech T, Helmchen U, Steinmetz OM, Peters A, Bennstein SB, Kaffke A, Llanto C, Lira SA, Mittrücker HW, Stahl RAK, Kurts C, Kaufmann SHE, Panzer U. CXCL5 drives neutrophil recruitment in TH17-mediated GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:55-66. [PMID: 24904089 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil trafficking to sites of inflammation is essential for the defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but also contributes to tissue damage in TH17-mediated autoimmunity. This process is regulated by chemokines, which often show an overlapping expression pattern and function in pathogen- and autoimmune-induced inflammatory reactions. Using a murine model of crescentic GN, we show that the pathogenic TH17/IL-17 immune response induces chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5) expression in kidney tubular cells, which recruits destructive neutrophils that contribute to renal tissue injury. By contrast, CXCL5 was dispensable for neutrophil recruitment and effective bacterial clearance in a murine model of acute bacterial pyelonephritis. In line with these findings, CXCL5 expression was highly upregulated in the kidneys of patients with ANCA-associated crescentic GN as opposed to patients with acute bacterial pyelonephritis. Our data therefore identify CXCL5 as a potential therapeutic target for the restriction of pathogenic neutrophil infiltration in TH17-mediated autoimmune diseases while leaving intact the neutrophil function in protective immunity against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - André Tittel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Joachim Velden
- Department of Nephropathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chrystel Llanto
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergio A Lira
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Bonn, Germany
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Beeken M, Lindenmeyer MT, Blattner SM, Radón V, Oh J, Meyer TN, Hildebrand D, Schlüter H, Reinicke AT, Knop JH, Vivekanandan-Giri A, Münster S, Sachs M, Wiech T, Pennathur S, Cohen CD, Kretzler M, Stahl RAK, Meyer-Schwesinger C. Alterations in the ubiquitin proteasome system in persistent but not reversible proteinuric diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2511-25. [PMID: 24722446 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are the key cells affected in nephrotic glomerular kidney diseases, and they respond uniformly to injury with cytoskeletal rearrangement. In nephrotic diseases, such as membranous nephropathy and FSGS, persistent injury often leads to irreversible structural damage, whereas in minimal change disease, structural alterations are mostly transient. The factors leading to persistent podocyte injury are currently unknown. Proteolysis is an irreversible process and could trigger persistent podocyte injury through degradation of podocyte-specific proteins. We, therefore, analyzed the expression and functional consequence of the two most prominent proteolytic systems, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagosomal/lysosomal system, in persistent and transient podocyte injuries. We show that differential upregulation of both proteolytic systems occurs in persistent human and rodent podocyte injury. The expression of specific UPS proteins in podocytes differentiated children with minimal change disease from children with FSGS and correlated with poor clinical outcome. Degradation of the podocyte-specific protein α-actinin-4 by the UPS depended on oxidative modification in membranous nephropathy. Notably, the UPS was overwhelmed in podocytes during experimental glomerular disease, resulting in abnormal protein accumulation and compensatory upregulation of the autophagosomal/lysosomal system. Accordingly, inhibition of both proteolytic systems enhanced proteinuria in persistent nephrotic disease. This study identifies altered proteolysis as a feature of persistent podocyte injury. In the future, specific UPS proteins may serve as new biomarkers or therapeutic targets in persistent nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Institute of Physiology and Division of Nephrology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone M Blattner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | | | | | - Tobias N Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Affiliated Asklepios Clinic Hamburg Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana Hildebrand
- Clinical Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry and Proteome Analysis, and
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Clinical Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry and Proteome Analysis, and
| | | | | | - Anuradha Vivekanandan-Giri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | | | | | - Thorsten Wiech
- Pathology, Division of Renal Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Institute of Physiology and Division of Nephrology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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33
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Cho Y, Johnson DW, Vesey DA, Hawley CM, Clarke M, Topley N. Utility of Urinary Biomarkers in Predicting Loss of Residual Renal Function: The balANZ Trial. Perit Dial Int 2014; 35:159-71. [PMID: 24711637 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2013.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of urinary biomarkers to predict residual renal function (RRF) decline in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has not been defined. The present study aimed to explore the utility of established biomarkers from kidney injury models for predicting loss of RRF in incident PD patients, and to evaluate the impact on RRF of using neutral-pH PD solution low in glucose degradation products. METHODS The study included 50 randomly selected participants from the balANZ trial who had completed 24 months of follow-up. A change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was used as the primary clinical outcome measure. In a mixed-effects general linear model, baseline measurements of 18 novel urinary biomarkers and albumin were used to predict GFR change. The model was further used to evaluate the impact of biocompatible PD solution on RRF, adjusted for each biomarker. RESULTS Baseline albuminuria was not a useful predictor of change in RRF in PD patients (p = 0.84). Only clusterin was a significant predictor of GFR decline in the whole population (p = 0.04, adjusted for baseline GFR and albuminuria). However, the relationship was no longer apparent when albuminuria was removed from the model (p = 0.31). When the effect of the administered PD solutions was examined using a model adjusted for PD solution type, baseline albuminuria, and GFR, higher baseline urinary concentrations of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3, p = 0.02), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1, p = 0.04), and interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10, p = 0.03) were associated with more rapid decline of RRF in patients receiving conventional PD solution compared with biocompatible PD solution. CONCLUSIONS Higher urinary levels of kidney injury biomarkers (TFF3, KIM-1, IP-10) at baseline predicted significantly slower RRF decline in patients receiving biocompatible PD solutions. Findings from the present investigation should help to guide future studies to validate the utility of urinary biomarkers as tools to predict RRF decline in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoungjee Cho
- Department of Renal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David W Johnson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Vesey
- Department of Renal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carmel M Hawley
- Department of Renal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas Topley
- Institute of Translation, Innovation, Methodology and Engagement, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Lohmann F, Sachs M, Meyer TN, Sievert H, Lindenmeyer MT, Wiech T, Cohen CD, Balabanov S, Stahl RAK, Meyer-Schwesinger C. UCH-L1 induces podocyte hypertrophy in membranous nephropathy by protein accumulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:945-58. [PMID: 24583340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are terminally differentiated cells of the glomerular filtration barrier that react with hypertrophy in the course of injury such as in membranous nephropathy (MGN). The neuronal deubiquitinase ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is expressed and activated in podocytes of human and rodent MGN. UCH-L1 regulates the mono-ubiquitin pool and induces accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins in affected podocytes. Here, we investigated the role of UCH-L1 in podocyte hypertrophy and in the homeostasis of the hypertrophy associated "model protein" p27(Kip1). A better understanding of the basic mechanisms leading to podocyte hypertrophy is crucial for the development of specific therapies in MGN. In human and rat MGN, hypertrophic podocytes exhibited a simultaneous up-regulation of UCH-L1 and of cytoplasmic p27(Kip1) content. Functionally, inhibition of UCH-L1 activity and knockdown or inhibition of UCH-L1 attenuated podocyte hypertrophy by decreasing the total protein content in isolated glomeruli and in cultured podocytes. In contrast, UCH-L1 levels and activity increased podocyte hypertrophy and total protein content in culture, specifically of cytoplasmic p27(Kip1). UCH-L1 enhanced cytoplasmic p27(Kip1) levels by nuclear export and decreased poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p27(Kip1). In parallel, UCH-L1 increased podocyte turnover, migration and cytoskeletal rearrangement, which are associated with known oncogenic functions of cytoplasmic p27(Kip1) in cancer. We propose that UCH-L1 induces podocyte hypertrophy in MGN by increasing the total protein content through altered degradation and accumulation of proteins such as p27(Kip1) in the cytoplasm of podocytes. Modification of both UCH-L1 activity and levels could be a new therapeutic avenue to podocyte hypertrophy in MGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frithjof Lohmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlies Sachs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias N Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Asklepios Klinikum Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Sievert
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Institute of Physiology and Division of Nephrology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Department of Pathology, Division of Renal Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Institute of Physiology and Division of Nephrology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - R A K Stahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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The effect of mTOR-inhibition on NF-κB activity in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:1708-14. [PMID: 23769029 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with a robust inflammatory response, which is regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), mainly its heterodimeric form p65/p50. Considering immunomodulatory properties of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, the effect of everolimus on NF-κB activation in kidney IRI was determined in this study. IRI was induced in C57/BL6 mice by clamping both renal pedicles for 45 minutes. Application of everolimus (0.25 mg/kg bw subcutaneously daily) was started one day before IRI induction. Both everolimus-treated and nontreated mice were sacrificed at several times starting at 30 minutes and finishing on day 7 after IRI induction. The NF-κB activity, proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production were determined in kidneys. Compared with nontreated animals, everolimus-treated animals showed significantly increased TNF-α (2741.6 ± 201.72 pg/mg; 1925 ± 185.81 pg/mg, P < .05) and IL-1β (11.47 ± 1.2 pg/mg; 4.3 ± 0.13 pg/mg, P < .01) production on day 2 after IRI induction accompanied by significantly greater NF-κB/DNA binding activity and p65 nuclear expression (P < .01). Two hours after IRI induction, everolimus-treated animals showed significantly increased IL-1β mRNA expression (P < .05) followed by increased IL-1β protein concentrations when compared with nontreated animals measured 6 hours after IRI induction (11.71 ± 1.5 pg/mg; 7.5 ± 1.11 pg/mg, P < .01). Both experimental groups showed increased NF-κB/DNA binding activity at 7 days after IRI induction. Significantly increased nuclear p65 expression was measured in nontreated animals (P < .01), whereas everolimus-treated hosts showed significantly increased nuclear RelB expression (P < .01). These data suggested that everolimus potentiated innate immunity in the early phase of IRI, stimulating the production of NF-κB-driven proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. The NF-κB activity was potentiated under m-TOR inhibition during kidney IRI, implicating a possible beneficial role of alternative NF-κB activation during the repair phase.
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Chen G, Liu H, Liu F. A glimpse of the glomerular milieu: from endothelial cell to thrombotic disease in nephrotic syndrome. Microvasc Res 2013; 89:1-6. [PMID: 23851046 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) carry a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to the abnormalities in coagulation and fibrinolysis. Although massive urine protein loss is considered to trigger the cascade of hypercoagulation, the exact nature of VTE in NS patients still remains obscure, especially in some cases when VTE occurs far before the presence of nephrotic proteinuria. Recent findings illustrate that loss of local glomerular homeostasis, like disturbance of cytokine profiles in endothelial cells or aberrant cellular crosstalks in glomerulus, is sufficient to initiate the development of thrombotic disease in glomerulonephropathy. Emerging data have highlighted the glomerular endothelial cell as a key regulator of local homeostasis, which might mediate the haemostatic derangement in the beginning of glomerular disease by expression of numerous prothrombotic factors and result in the subsequent predilection of VTE in NS. As the glomerulus-derived circulating factors are all collected and flushed into the renal vein directly, it is reasonable to suggest that increased release of glomerulus-derived thrombotic regulators, particularly from endothelial cells, may play a significant role in the highest proclivity for the renal vein as the site of thrombosis in NS. In this review, we thus discuss the current understandings of thromboembolism in NS with focus on how the glomerular endothelial cell involves in the pathogenesis of VTE, which may help to increase our understandings in the anti-thrombotic therapy for patients with NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochun Chen
- Renal Division, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Abujam B, Cheekatla SS, Aggarwal A. Urinary CXCL-10/IP-10 and MCP-1 as markers to assess activity of lupus nephritis. Lupus 2013; 22:614-23. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203313484977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective IP-10 and MCP-1 are pro-inflammatory chemokines which are involved in the immunopathogenesis of lupus nephritis and may thus be useful biomarkers. Methods SLE patients fulfilling ACR 1997 criteria were included. SLEDAI was calculated and blood and urine samples collected. Active lupus was defined as SLEDAI ≥4. Active patients were divided into active renal (proteinuria ≥ 500 mg/day or active sediment in urine) and active non-renal lupus. Patients with active renal lupus were followed until the nephritis became inactive, when a second sample was collected. Serum and urinary levels of MCP-1 and IP-10 (pg/ml) were measured by ELISA. Urinary values were normalized for urinary spot creatinine (in mg/dL. Thus the values were expressed as pg/mg creatinine × 100 creatinine). Results A total of 136 patients with SLE including 78 active (46 active renal and 32 active non-renal) were included. Median age was 25 (10–55) years and SLE duration was 23 (six to 48) months. Both serum (data not shown) and urinary levels of MCP-1 (35.2 (12.7–71.7), 9.4 (4.4–17), p < 0.001) and IP-10 (9.5 (4.4–17.9), 3.9 (1.9–9.3), p < 0.001) were higher in active compared to inactive SLE. However, in active renal compared to active non-renal SLE, there was no difference in serum levels; only urinary levels of MCP-1 (46.2 (19.9–125), 12.7 (5.8–43.9), p < 0.001) and IP-10 (12.5 (5.6–22.7), 5.2 (2.3–12.2), p < 0.05) were higher. On longitudinal follow-up of active renal patients ( n = 24), there was a decrease in urinary levels of MCP-1 and IP-10 ( p = 0.005). On ROC analysis, urinary MCP-1 outperformed C4 and urinary IP-10, but was similar to dsDNA and C3 in differentiating active renal from non-renal SLE. Conclusions Urinary and serum IP-10 and MCP-1 are potentially useful markers of lupus activity; however, only the urinary levels are indicative of renal activity. However, on ROC analysis, they are not better than conventional markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abujam
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - SS Cheekatla
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - A Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India
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The expression of podocyte-specific proteins in parietal epithelial cells is regulated by protein degradation. Kidney Int 2013; 84:532-44. [PMID: 23615505 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of parietal epithelial cells (PECs) in glomerular disease is unclear because they also express podocyte proteins under pathophysiological conditions. To help resolve this, we established a novel PEC isolation technique in rats and mice to investigate which regulatory mechanisms lead to podocyte protein expression in PECs. This pure pool of naive PECs was then compared with PECs in primary culture and immortalized PECs in permanent culture. The naive PECs expressed low levels of podocyte-specific mRNA. Accordingly, in crescentic glomerulonephritis, single PECs activated the podocin promoter in vivo. In primary culture, PECs expressed a distinct morphology from podocytes but with high transcript and protein levels of PEC markers. In contrast to naive PECs, cultured PECs also expressed podocyte proteins, and this correlated with reduced proteolytic activity but not with increased transcript levels. Activation of autophagy or proteasomal degradation decreased the levels of podocyte proteins in PECs, whereas inhibition of proteasomal degradation led to the stabilization of podocyte proteins in PECs. Thus, naive PECs express podocyte transcripts physiologically and these podocyte proteins are stable under pathological conditions through decreased proteolysis.
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Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Corrado A, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D, Miccoli M, Zignego AL, Sansonno D, Marchi S, Ferri C. Parallel increase of circulating CXCL11 and CXCL10 in mixed cryoglobulinemia, while the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 is associated with high serum Th2 chemokine CCL2. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32:1147-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Webster ALH, Yan MSC, Marsden PA. Epigenetics and cardiovascular disease. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:46-57. [PMID: 23261320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A commonly-assumed paradigm holds that the primary genetic determinant of cardiovascular disease resides within the DNA sequence of our genes. This paradigm can be challenged. For example, how do sequence changes in the non-coding region of the genome influence phenotype? Why are all diseases not shared between identical twins? Part of the answer lies in the fact that the environment or exogenous stimuli clearly influence disease susceptibility, but it was unclear in the past how these effects were signalled to the static DNA code. Epigenetics is providing a newer perspective on these issues. Epigenetics refers to chromatin-based mechanisms important in the regulation of gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence per se. The field can be broadly categorized into three areas: DNA base modifications (including cytosine methylation and cytosine hydroxymethylation), post-translational modifications of histone proteins, and RNA-based mechanisms that operate in the nucleus. Cardiovascular disease pathways are now being approached from the epigenetic perspective, including those associated with atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, ischemia-reperfusion damage, and the cardiovascular response to hypoxia and shear stress, among many others. With increasing interest and expanding partnerships in the field, we can expect new insights to emerge from epigenetic perspectives of cardiovascular health. This paper reviews the principles governing epigenetic regulation, discusses their presently-understood importance in cardiovascular disease, and considers the growing significance we are likely to attribute to epigenetic contributions in the future, as they provide new mechanistic insights and a host of novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L H Webster
- Keenan Research Centre and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Ferrari S, Frascerra S, Mancusi C, Colaci M, Manfredi A, Sansonno D, Zignego A, Ferri C. High Circulating Chemokines (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 9, and (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 11, in Hepatitis C-Associated Cryoglobulinemia. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:49-57. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(C-X-C motif) ligand 9 and (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (CXCL9 and CXCL11), are potent chemoattractants for activated T cells, and play an important role in T helper 1 (Th) 1 cell recruitment in chronic hepatitis C. No study has evaluated CXCL9, together with CXCL11, circulating levels in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis C (MC+HCV-p). The aim of the present study therefore was to measure serum CXCL9, and CXCL11 levels, in MC+HCV-p, and to relate the findings to the clinical phenotype. Serum CXCL9 and CXCL11 were measured in 71 MC+HCV-p and in matched controls. MC+HCV-p showed significantly higher mean CXCL9 and CXCL11 levels than controls (P < 0.001, for both), in particular, in 32 patients with active vasculitis (P < 0.001). By defining high CXCL9 or CXCL11 level as a value of at least 2 SD above the mean value of the control group (> 100 pg/mL): 89% MC+HCV-p and 5% controls had high CXCL9 (P < 0.0001, chi-square); 90% MC+HCV-p and 6% controls had high CXCL11 (P < 0.0001, chi-square). In a multiple linear regression model of CXCL9 vs age, ALT, CXCL11, only CXCL11 was significantly (r = 0.452, P < 0.0001) and independently related to CXCL9. Our study demonstrates in MC+HCV-p vs controls: (i) high serum CXCL9, and CXCL11, significantly associated with the presence of active vasculitis; (ii) a strong relationship between circulating CXCL9 and CXCL11. Future studies on a larger cohort of patients are needed to evaluate the relevance of serum CXCL9 and CXCL11 determination as clinico-prognostic marker of MC+HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S.M. Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Frascerra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C. Mancusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Colaci
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Maternal, Pediatric and Adult Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A. Manfredi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Maternal, Pediatric and Adult Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - D. Sansonno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - A.L. Zignego
- Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C. Ferri
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Maternal, Pediatric and Adult Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Pawar RD, Pitashny M, Gindea S, Tieng AT, Levine B, Goilav B, Campbell SR, Xia Y, Qing X, Thomas DB, Herlitz L, Berger T, Mak TW, Putterman C. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is instrumental in the pathogenesis of antibody-mediated nephritis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1620-31. [PMID: 22083497 DOI: 10.1002/art.33485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism by which anti-DNA antibodies mediate lupus nephritis has yet to be conclusively determined. Previously, we found that treatment of mesangial cells with anti-DNA antibodies induced high expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an iron-binding protein up-regulated in response to kidney injury. We undertook this study to determine whether NGAL is instrumental in the pathogenesis of nephritis, is induced as part of repair, or is irrelevant to damage/repair pathways. METHODS To investigate the role of NGAL in antibody-mediated nephritis, we induced nephrotoxic nephritis by passive antibody transfer to 129/SyJ and C57BL/6 mice. To determine if NGAL up-regulation is instrumental, we compared the severity of renal damage in NGAL wild-type mice and NGAL-knockout mice following induction of nephrotoxic nephritis. RESULTS We found that kidney NGAL expression, as well as urine NGAL levels, were significantly increased in mice with nephrotoxic nephritis as compared to control-injected mice. Tight correlations were observed between NGAL expression, renal histopathology, and urine NGAL excretion. NGAL-knockout mice had attenuated proteinuria and improved renal histopathology compared to wild-type mice. Similarly, following nephritis induction, NGAL injection significantly exacerbated nephritis and decreased survival. NGAL induced apoptosis via caspase 3 activation and up-regulated inflammatory gene expression in kidney cells in vitro and when injected in vivo. CONCLUSION We conclude that kidney binding of pathogenic antibodies stimulates local expression of NGAL, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of nephritis via promotion of inflammation and apoptosis. NGAL blockade may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of nephritis mediated by pathogenic antibodies, including anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul D Pawar
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Meyer-Schwesinger C, Meyer TN, Sievert H, Hoxha E, Sachs M, Klupp EM, Münster S, Balabanov S, Carrier L, Helmchen U, Thaiss F, Stahl RAK. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-l1 activity induces polyubiquitin accumulation in podocytes and increases proteinuria in rat membranous nephropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:2044-57. [PMID: 21514420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), a key protease of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Recently, de novo expression of UCH-L1 was described in podocytes in patients with membranous nephropathy (MN), in which UCH-L1 expression correlated with increased ubiquitin content. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of UCH-L1 in ubiquitin homeostasis and proteasomal degradation in a rat model of MN. After disease induction, UCH-L1 expression increased in podocytes and coincided with decreased glomerular monoubiquitin content. After an initial increase in proteasomal activity, the UPS was impaired. In addition to an increase of ubiquitin in podocytes, aggregates were observed 1 year after disease induction, as in MN in human beings. Inhibition of UCH-L1 hydrolase function in MN reduced UPS impairment and ameliorated proteinuria. In contrast, inhibition of proteasomal activity enhanced UPS impairment, resulting in increased proteinuria. Stable UCH-L1 overexpression in cultured podocytes resulted in accumulation of monoubiquitin and polyubiquitin proteins. In contrast, stable knock-down of UCH-L1 reduced monoubiquitin and polyubiquitin proteins and significantly increased proteasomal activity, indicating that the observed effects in rat MN also occurred in cultured podocytes. These data demonstrate that UCH-L1 activity results in polyubiquitin accumulation, proteasome inhibition, and disease aggravation in experimental models of MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Nierenregister, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Meyer-Schwesinger C, Dehde S, Klug P, Becker JU, Mathey S, Arefi K, Balabanov S, Venz S, Endlich KH, Pekna M, Gessner JE, Thaiss F, Meyer TN. Nephrotic syndrome and subepithelial deposits in a mouse model of immune-mediated anti-podocyte glomerulonephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:3218-29. [PMID: 21844386 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Subepithelial immune complex deposition in glomerular disease causes local inflammation and proteinuria by podocyte disruption. A rat model of membranous nephropathy, the passive Heymann nephritis, suggests that Abs against specific podocyte Ags cause subepithelial deposit formation and podocyte foot process disruption. In this study, we present a mouse model in which a polyclonal sheep anti-mouse podocyte Ab caused subepithelial immune complex formation. Mice developed a nephrotic syndrome with severe edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated cholesterol and triglycerides. Development of proteinuria was biphasic: an initial protein loss was followed by a second massive increase of protein loss beginning at approximately day 10. By histology, podocytes were swollen. Electron microscopy revealed 60-80% podocyte foot process effacement and subepithelial deposits, but no disruption of the glomerular basement membrane. Nephrin and synaptopodin staining was severely disrupted, and podocyte number was reduced in anti-podocyte serum-treated mice, indicating severe podocyte damage. Immunohistochemistry detected the injected anti-podocyte Ab exclusively along the glomerular filtration barrier. Immunoelectron microscopy localized the Ab to podocyte foot processes and the glomerular basement membrane. Similarly, immunohistochemistry localized mouse IgG to the subepithelial space. The third complement component (C3) was detected in a linear staining pattern along the glomerular basement membrane and in the mesangial hinge region. However, C3-deficient mice were not protected from podocyte damage, indicating a complement-independent mechanism. Twenty proteins were identified as possible Ags to the sheep anti-podocyte serum by mass spectrometry. Together, these data establish a reproducible model of immune-mediated podocyte injury in mice with subepithelial immune complex formation.
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ANTONELLI ALESSANDRO, FERRI CLODOVEO, FERRARI SILVIAMARTINA, RUFFILLI ILARIA, COLACI MICHELE, FRASCERRA SILVIA, MICCOLI MARIO, FRANZONI FERDINANDO, GALETTA FABIO, FALLAHI POUPAK. High Serum Levels of CXCL11 in Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Are Associated with Increased Circulating Levels of Interferon-γ. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:1947-52. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective.No study has evaluated circulating chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)11 in patients with “mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic hepatitis C infection” (MC+HCV). We measured CXCL11, and correlated this measurement to the clinical phenotype.Methods.Serum CXCL11, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assayed in 97 MC+HCV patients and in 97 sex- and age-matched controls.Results.MC+HCV patients showed significantly higher mean CXCL11 serum levels than controls (254 ± 295, 68 ± 16 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.0002; ANOVA). CXCL11 was significantly increased in 36 cryoglobulinemic patients with compared to those without active vasculitis (303 ± 208 vs 179 ± 62 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.001; ANOVA). IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in MC+HCV than in controls [6.1 (range 0.8–114.5), 1.4 (range 0.7–2.4) pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U test]. Serum TNF-α mean levels were significantly higher in MC+HCV than in controls [13.4 (range 1.8–369), 1.1 (range 0.7–3.2) pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.0001; Mann-Whitney U test]. A multiple regression analysis considering CXCL11 as a dependent variable, and age, alanine aminotransferase, IFN-γ, and TNF-α as independent variables, showed in MC+HCV patients a significant association only with IFN-γ (p < 0.0001).Conclusion.Our study demonstrates markedly high serum levels of CXCL11 in patients with MC+HCV compared to healthy controls overall in the presence of active vasculitis. A strong relationship between circulating IFN-γ and CXCL11 was shown, strongly supporting the role of a T helper 1 immune response in the pathogenesis of MC+HCV.
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The blood-brain barrier, chemokines and multiple sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1812:220-30. [PMID: 20692338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration of leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) is an essential step in the neuropathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Leukocyte extravasation from the bloodstream is a multistep process that depends on several factors including fluid dynamics within the vasculature and molecular interactions between circulating leukocytes and the vascular endothelium. An important step in this cascade is the presence of chemokines on the vascular endothelial cell surface. Chemokines displayed along the endothelial lumen bind chemokine receptors on circulating leukocytes, initiating intracellular signaling that culminates in integrin activation, leukocyte arrest, and extravasation. The presence of chemokines at the endothelial lumen can help guide the movement of leukocytes through peripheral tissues during normal immune surveillance, host defense or inflammation. The expression and display of homeostatic or inflammatory chemokines therefore critically determine which leukocyte subsets extravasate and enter the peripheral tissues. Within the CNS, however, infiltrating leukocytes that cross the endothelium face additional boundaries to parenchymal entry, including the abluminal presence of localizing cues that prevent egress from perivascular spaces. This review focuses on the differential display of chemokines along endothelial surfaces and how they impact leukocyte extravasation into parenchymal tissues, especially within the CNS. In particular, the display of chemokines by endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier may be altered during CNS autoimmune disease, promoting leukocyte entry into this immunologically distinct site. Recent advances in microscopic techniques, including two-photon and intravital imaging have provided new insights into the mechanisms of chemokine-mediated capture of leukocytes within the CNS.
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Chemokine expression in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury is most profound during the reparative phase. Int Immunol 2010; 22:433-42. [PMID: 20410256 PMCID: PMC2877810 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxq025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are important players in the migration of leukocytes to sites of injury and are also involved in angiogenesis, development and wound healing. In this study, we performed microarray analyses to identify chemokines that play a role during the inflammatory and repair phase after renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and investigated the temporal relationship between chemokine expression, leukocyte accumulation and renal damage/repair. C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to unilateral ischemia for 45 min and sacrificed 3 h, 1 day and 7 days after reperfusion. From ischemic and contralateral kidney, RNA was isolated and hybridized to a microarray. Microarray results were validated with quantitative real-time reverse transcription–PCR (QRT–PCR) on RNA from an independent experiment. (Immuno)histochemical analyses were performed to determine renal damage/repair and influx of leukocytes. Twenty out of 114 genes were up-regulated at one or more reperfusion periods. All these genes were up-regulated 7 days after I/R. Up-regulated genes included CC chemokines MCP-1 and TARC, CXC chemokines KC and MIP-2α, chemokine receptors Ccr1 and Cx3cr1 and related genes like matrix metalloproteinases. Microarray data of 1 and 7 days were confirmed for 17 up-regulated genes by QRT–PCR. (Immuno)histochemical analysis showed that the inflammatory and repair phase after renal I/R injury take place after, respectively, 1 and 7 days. Interestingly, chemokine expression was highest during the repair phase. In addition, expression profiles showed a biphasic expression of all up-regulated CXC chemokines coinciding with the early inflammatory and late repair phase. In conclusion, we propose that temporal expression of chemokines is a crucial factor in the regulation of renal I/R injury and repair.
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Sagrinati C, Sottili M, Mazzinghi B, Borgogni E, Adorini L, Serio M, Romagnani P, Crescioli C. Comparison between VDR analogs and current immunosuppressive drugs in relation to CXCL10 secretion by human renal tubular cells. Transpl Int 2010; 23:914-23. [PMID: 20302596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2010.01078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During kidney allograft rejection, CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10)-CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) trafficking between peripheral blood and tissues initiates alloresponse and perpetuates a self-inflammatory loop; thus, CXCL10-CXCR3 axis could represent a pharmacologic target. In this perspective, immunosuppressors targeting graft-resident cells, beside immune cells, could be very advantageous. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists exhibit considerable immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate whether elocalcitol and BXL-01-0029 could decrease the expression of CXCL10 in activated renal tubular cells in vitro and thus be useful in kidney allograft rejection treatment. Experiments were performed in human tubular renal cells stimulated with interferon-gamma + tumor necrosis factor-alpha with and without VDR agonists, tacrolimus, sirolimus, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, cyclosporin A and mycophenolate mofetil. CXCL10 protein secretion and gene expression were measured by ELISA and by quantitative PCR. Specific inhibitors were used to investigate intracellular pathways involved in tubular cells activation. For IC(50) determination and comparison, dose-response curves with VDR agonists, tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid were performed. Elocalcitol and BXL-01-0029 inhibited CXCL10 secretion by renal cells, without affecting cell viability, while almost all the immunosuppressors were found to be ineffective, except for tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. BXL-01-0029 was the most potent drug and, notably, it was found to be capable of allowing reduction in tacrolimus-inhibitory doses. Our data suggest that BXL-01-0029 could potentially be a dose-reducing agent for conventional immunosuppressors in kidney rejection management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Sagrinati
- Excellence Center for Research, Transfer and High Education (DENOthe), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Steinmetz OM, Turner JE, Paust HJ, Lindner M, Peters A, Heiss K, Velden J, Hopfer H, Fehr S, Krieger T, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Meyer TN, Helmchen U, Mittrücker HW, Stahl RAK, Panzer U. CXCR3 mediates renal Th1 and Th17 immune response in murine lupus nephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:4693-704. [PMID: 19734217 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Infiltration of T cells into the kidney is a typical feature of human and experimental lupus nephritis that contributes to renal tissue injury. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is highly expressed on Th1 cells and is supposed to be crucial for their trafficking into inflamed tissues. In this study, we explored the functional role of CXCR3 using the MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) (MRL/lpr) mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus that closely resembles the human disease. CXCR3(-/-) mice were generated and backcrossed into the MRL/lpr background. Analysis of 20-wk-old CXCR3(-/-) MRL/lpr mice showed amelioration of nephritis with reduced glomerular tissue damage and decreased albuminuria and T cell recruitment. Most importantly, not only the numbers of renal IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells, but also of IL-17-producing Th17 cells were significantly reduced. Unlike in inflamed kidneys, there was no reduction in the numbers of IFN-gamma- or IL-17-producing T cells in spleens, lymph nodes, or the small intestine of MRL/lpr CXCR3(-/-) mice. This observation suggests impaired trafficking of effector T cells to injured target organs, rather than the inability of CXCR3(-/-) mice to mount efficient Th1 and Th17 immune responses. These findings show a crucial role for CXCR3 in the development of experimental lupus nephritis by directing pathogenic effector T cells into the kidney. For the first time, we demonstrate a beneficial effect of CXCR3 deficiency through attenuation of both the Th1 and the newly defined Th17 immune response. Our data therefore identify the chemokine receptor CXCR3 as a promising therapeutic target in lupus nephritis.
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