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Pode-Shakked N, Slack M, Sundaram N, Schreiber R, McCracken KW, Dekel B, Helmrath M, Kopan R. RAAS-deficient organoids indicate delayed angiogenesis as a possible cause for autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8159. [PMID: 38071212 PMCID: PMC10710424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Recessive Renal Tubular Dysgenesis (AR-RTD) is a fatal genetic disorder characterized by complete absence or severe depletion of proximal tubules (PT) in patients harboring pathogenic variants in genes involved in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. To uncover the pathomechanism of AR-RTD, differentiation of ACE-/- and AGTR1-/- induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and AR-RTD patient-derived iPSCs into kidney organoids is leveraged. Comprehensive marker analyses show that both mutant and control organoids generate indistinguishable PT in vitro under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (2% O2) conditions. Fully differentiated (d24) AGTR1-/- and control organoids transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice engraft and mature well, as do renal vesicle stage (d14) control organoids. By contrast, d14 AGTR1-/- organoids fail to engraft due to insufficient pro-angiogenic VEGF-A expression. Notably, growth under hypoxic conditions induces VEGF-A expression and rescues engraftment of AGTR1-/- organoids at d14, as does ectopic expression of VEGF-A. We propose that PT dysgenesis in AR-RTD is primarily a non-autonomous consequence of delayed angiogenesis, starving PT at a critical time in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Megan Slack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ruth Schreiber
- Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Kyle W McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and division of pediatric nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michael Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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2
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Moriyama S, Hieda M, Kisanuki M, Kawano S, Yokoyama T, Fukata M, Kusaba H, Maruyama T, Baba E, Akashi K, Fukuda H. Effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in patients with cancer treated with anti-VEGF therapy. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2022-002135. [PMID: 36600585 PMCID: PMC9743396 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway (VSP) inhibitors frequently causes hypertension. Although previous reports suggested that the antihypertensive drug renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASI) may have a positive synergistic effect with VSP inhibitors, the actual impact on clinical outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVES The study aims to clarify whether RASIs exhibit clinical benefits for patients with cancer with hypertension. METHOD From the Longevity Improvement and Fair Evidence Study database, comprising Japanese claims data between 2016 and 2020, we reviewed 2380 patients treated with VSP inhibitors who received antihypertensive treatment during cancer therapy. The patients were classified into two groups: with-RASI (n=883) and without-RASI (n=1497). In addition, 1803 of these patients treated for hypertension with RASI-only (n=707) or calcium channel blocker-only (n=1096) were also reviewed. The time-to-treatment failure (TTF), the interval from initiation of chemotherapy to its discontinuation, was applied as the primary endpoint. RESULTS The median TTFs were 167 (60-382) days in the with-RASI group and 161 (63-377) days in the without-RASI group (p=0.587). All models, including Cox proportional hazard models and multiple propensity score models, did not reveal the superiority of with-RASI treatment. In the propensity score matching model, the HR for treatment with-RASI compared with that for without-RASI was 0.96 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.06, p=0.386). In addition, the TTFs of RASI-only were not superior to calcium channel blocker-only (p=0.584). CONCLUSIONS RASIs for hypertension do not benefit clinical outcomes during cancer therapy with VSP inhibitors. In addition, RASIs and calcium channel blockers have comparable clinical efficacy as first-line antihypertensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Moriyama
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michinari Hieda
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Kisanuki
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kawano
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taku Yokoyama
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fukata
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kusaba
- Division of Oncology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Campus Life Health Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukuda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Liu G, Chen Y, Wang Y, Deng X, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Xu H, Han X, Lei A, He J, Li X, Cao Y, Zhou P, He C, Wu P, Jiang W, Tan M, Chen C, Yang Q, Lu L, Deng K, Yao Z, Zhou J. Angiotensin II enhances group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses via AT1a during airway inflammation. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212967. [PMID: 35044462 PMCID: PMC8932533 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as critical mediators in driving allergic airway inflammation. Here, we identified angiotensin (Ang) II as a positive regulator of ILC2s. ILC2s expressed higher levels of the Ang II receptor AT1a, and colocalized with lung epithelial cells expressing angiotensinogen. Administration of Ang II significantly enhanced ILC2 responses both in vivo and in vitro, which were almost completely abrogated in AT1a-deficient mice. Deletion of AT1a or pharmacological inhibition of the Ang II–AT1 axis resulted in a remarkable remission of airway inflammation. The regulation of ILC2s by Ang II was cell intrinsic and dependent on interleukin (IL)-33, and was associated with marked changes in transcriptional profiling and up-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, higher levels of plasma Ang II correlated positively with the abundance of circulating ILC2s as well as disease severity in asthmatic patients. These observations reveal a critical role for Ang II in regulating ILC2 responses and airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyu Liu
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Han
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan He
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjiao Cao
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhui He
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqiong Wu
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meizheng Tan
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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4
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Jaworska K, Koper M, Ufnal M. Gut microbiota and renin-angiotensin system: a complex interplay at local and systemic levels. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G355-G366. [PMID: 34405730 PMCID: PMC8486428 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00099.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a potent biological modulator of many physiological and pathological states. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including the local gastrointestinal RAS (GI RAS), emerges as a potential mediator of microbiota-related effects. The RAS is involved in cardiovascular system homeostasis, water-electrolyte balance, intestinal absorption, glycemic control, inflammation, carcinogenesis, and aging-related processes. Ample evidence suggests a bidirectional interaction between the microbiome and RAS. On the one hand, gut bacteria and their metabolites may modulate GI and systemic RAS. On the other hand, changes in the intestinal habitat caused by alterations in RAS may shape microbiota metabolic activity and composition. Notably, the pharmacodynamic effects of the RAS-targeted therapies may be in part mediated by the intestinal RAS and changes in the microbiome. This review summarizes studies on gut microbiota and RAS physiology. Expanding the research on this topic may lay the foundation for new therapeutic paradigms in gastrointestinal diseases and multiple systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Jaworska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Koper
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Molecular Dambusters: What Is Behind Hyperpermeability in Bradykinin-Mediated Angioedema? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 60:318-347. [PMID: 33725263 PMCID: PMC7962090 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, a substantial body of evidence underlined the pivotal role of bradykinin in certain types of angioedema. The formation and breakdown of bradykinin has been studied thoroughly; however, numerous questions remained open regarding the triggering, course, and termination of angioedema attacks. Recently, it became clear that vascular endothelial cells have an integrative role in the regulation of vessel permeability. Apart from bradykinin, a great number of factors of different origin, structure, and mechanism of action are capable of modifying the integrity of vascular endothelium, and thus, may participate in the regulation of angioedema formation. Our aim in this review is to describe the most important permeability factors and the molecular mechanisms how they act on endothelial cells. Based on endothelial cell function, we also attempt to explain some of the challenging findings regarding bradykinin-mediated angioedema, where the function of bradykinin itself cannot account for the pathophysiology. By deciphering the complex scenario of vascular permeability regulation and edema formation, we may gain better scientific tools to be able to predict and treat not only bradykinin-mediated but other types of angioedema as well.
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6
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Ziaja M, Urbanek KA, Kowalska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Angiotensin II and Angiotensin Receptors 1 and 2-Multifunctional System in Cells Biology, What Do We Know? Cells 2021; 10:cells10020381. [PMID: 33673178 PMCID: PMC7917773 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been perceived as a system whose role is to primarily modulate the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Years of research into the role of RAS have provided the necessary data to confirm that the role of RAS is very complex and not limited to the cardiovascular system. The presence of individual elements of the renin-angiotensin (RA) system allows to control many processes, ranging from the memorization to pro-cancer processes. Maintaining the proportions between the individual axes of the RA system allows for achieving a balance, often called homeostasis. Thus, any disturbance in the expression or activity of individual RAS elements leads to pathophysiological processes.
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7
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Does Diabetes Induce the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in Periodontal Tissues? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082765. [PMID: 32316357 PMCID: PMC7215273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Diabetes and periodontal disease are both chronic pathological conditions linked by several underlying biological mechanisms, in which the inflammatory response plays a critical role, and their association has been largely recognized. Recently, attention has been given to diabetes as an important mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression in periodontal tissues, by virtue of its ability to affect microvasculature. This review aims to summarize the findings from studies that explored VEGF expression in diabetic patients with periodontitis, compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A PubMed search of select medical subject heading (MeSH) terms was carried out to identify all studies reporting findings about VEGF expression in periodontal tissues of diabetic patients up to May 2018. The inclusion criteria were studies on VEGF expression in periodontally diseased tissues of diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic subjects, with any method of analysis, and published in the English language. Results: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. Immunohistochemistry was used in six of the studies, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) aiming to quantify mRNA VEGF expression was used in one study, and ELISA analysis was used for one study. Compared with nondiabetic patients, a higher VEGF expression in gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples in diabetic patients with periodontitis was reported. Conclusions: Overall, novel evidence for the VEGF expression within the periodontal tissue of diabetic patients paves the way for further studies on the role of this protein in neovascularization physiology and pathophysiology in microvasculature of the periodontium.
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8
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Shivapathasundram G, Wickremesekera AC, Brasch HD, van Schaijik B, Marsh RW, Tan ST, Itinteang T. Expression of Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System by the Putative Stem Cell Population Within WHO Grade I Meningioma. Front Surg 2019; 6:23. [PMID: 31157231 PMCID: PMC6532688 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We have recently demonstrated a putative stem cell population within WHO grade I meningioma (MG) that expressed embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC, localized to the endothelial and pericyte layers of the microvessels. There is increasing recognition that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in stem cell biology and tumorigenesis. This study investigated the expression of components of the RAS: pro-renin receptor (PRR), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II receptor 1 (ATIIR1), and angiotensin II receptor 2 (ATIIR2) on the putative stem cell population on the microvessels of WHO grade I MG. Methods: 3,3-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on WHO grade I MG tissue samples from 11 patients for PRR, ACE, ATIIR1, and ATIIR2. Two of the MG samples subjected to DAB IHC staining underwent immunofluorescence (IF) IHC staining to investigate co-expression of each of these components of the RAS in using combinations of CD34 and ESC marker SOX2 or OCT4. NanoString mRNA expression analysis and Western blotting (WB), were performed on six snap-frozen MG tissue samples to confirm mRNA and protein expression of these proteins, respectively. Results: DAB IHC staining demonstrated expression of PRR, ACE, ATIIR1, and ATIIR2 within all 11 MG tissue samples. WB and NanoString mRNA analyses, confirmed protein and mRNA expression of these proteins, respectively. IF IHC staining showed PRR, ATIIR1 and ATIIR2 were localized to the OCT4+ and SOX2+ endothelium and the pericyte layer of MG while ACE was localized to the OCT4+ endothelium of the microvesels. Conclusion: The novel finding of the expression of PRR, ACE, ATIIR1, and ATIIR2 on the putative stem cell population on the microvessels of WHO grade I MG, suggests that these stem cells may be a potential therapeutic target by manipulation of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshwaran Shivapathasundram
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Agadha C Wickremesekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Helen D Brasch
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Reginald W Marsh
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medicine, Auckland University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
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9
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Valdivieso P, Vaughan D, Laczko E, Brogioli M, Waldron S, Rittweger J, Flück M. The Metabolic Response of Skeletal Muscle to Endurance Exercise Is Modified by the ACE-I/D Gene Polymorphism and Training State. Front Physiol 2017; 8:993. [PMID: 29311951 PMCID: PMC5735290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The insertion/deletion polymorphism in the gene for the regulator of vascular tone, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), is the prototype of a genetic influence on physical fitness and this involves an influence on capillary supply lines and dependent aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle. The respective interaction of ACE-I/D genotype and training status on local metabolic and angiogenic reactions in exercised muscle is not known. Toward this end we characterized the metabolomic and angiogenic response in knee extensor muscle, m. vastus lateralis, in 18 untrained and 34 endurance-trained (physically active, [Formula: see text]O2max > 50 mL min-1 kg-1) white British men to an exhaustive bout of one-legged cycling exercise. We hypothesized that training status and ACE-I/D genotype affect supply-related muscle characteristics of exercise performance in correspondence to ACE expression and angiotensin 2 levels. ACE-I/D genotype and training status developed an interaction effect on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of m. vastus lateralis and mean CSA of slow type fibers, which correlated with peak power output (r ≥ 0.44). Genotype × training interactions in muscle also resolved for exercise-induced alterations of 22 metabolites, 8 lipids, glycogen concentration (p = 0.016), ACE transcript levels (p = 0.037), and by trend for the pro-angiogenic factor tenascin-C post exercise (p = 0.064). Capillary density (p = 0.001), capillary-to-fiber ratio (p = 0.010), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.014), and exercise-induced alterations in the pro-angiogenic protein VEGF (p = 0.043) depended on the ACE-I/D genotype alone. Our observations indicate that variability in aerobic performance in the studied subjects was in part reflected by an ACE-I/D-genotype-modulated metabolic phenotype of a major locomotor muscle. Repeated endurance exercise appeared to override this genetic influence in skeletal muscle by altering the ACE-related metabolic response and molecular aspects of the angiogenic response to endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Vaughan
- The Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Endre Laczko
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Brogioli
- The Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Waldron
- The Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- The Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,The Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Ding L, Zhang G, Hou Y, Chen J, Yin Y. Elemene inhibits osteosarcoma growth by suppressing the renin‑angiotensin system signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1022-1030. [PMID: 29115494 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults globally. Therefore, novel and highly effective antitumor agents are urgently required. Elemene is a natural plant compound extracted from the medicinal Chinese herb, Rhizomazedoariae, which has been employed as an antitumor agent for the treatment of a number of tumors, including osteosarcoma. However, the mechanisms underlying its antitumor effect are currently unclear. The human osteosarcoma cell lines, MG‑63 and U2OS, were employed in the present study. MTT, migration, transwell invasion and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase‑mediated deoxy‑UTP‑fluorescein nick end‑labeling assays were performed to evaluate cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to measure the levels of renin‑angiotensin system (RAS) components. In order to evaluate the effect of elemene on tumor weight and volume, MG‑63 and U2OS cells were injected into mice. Treatment of osteosarcoma cell lines, MG‑63 and U2OS, with elemene led to the inhibition of cell viability, migration and invasion, as well as induction of cell apoptosis. In addition, elemene treatment downregulated the expression of a number of RAS components. The growth of osteosarcoma cell‑transplanted tumors in nude mice and angiotensin II expression were inhibited by elemene treatment. The results of the present study indicate that the antitumor effects of elemene may partly be due to downregulation of the RAS signaling pathway, and that RAS may be a putative pharmacological target for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Genai Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Yin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
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11
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Molla NW, Hassanain MM, Fadel Z, Boucher LM, Madkhali A, Altahan RM, Alrijraji EA, Simoneau EB, Alamri H, Salman A, Gao Z, Metrakos PP. Effect of non-alcoholic liver disease on recurrence rate and liver regeneration after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:e233-e243. [PMID: 28680292 DOI: 10.3747/co.24.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resection of metastases is the only potential cure for patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer (crc-lm). But despite an improved overall 5-year survival, the recurrence rate is still as high as 60%. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) can decrease the liver's capacity to regenerate after resection and might also affect cancer recurrence, potentially by elevating transforming growth factor β, levels of specific metalloproteinases, and oxidative stress. The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of the histologic features of nafld on cancer recurrence and liver regeneration. METHODS This retrospective analysis considered 60 patients who underwent an R0 hepatectomy for crc-lm. Volumetric analysis of the liver was calculated using axial view, portovenous phase, 2.5 mm thickness, multiphasic computed tomography images taken before and after surgery. The histologic features of nafld (steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning) were scored using the nafld activity score, and the degree of fibrosis was determined. RESULTS The hepatic recurrence rate was 38.33%. Median overall survival duration was 56 months. Median disease-free survival duration was 14 months, and median hepatic disease-free survival duration was 56 months. Multivariate analysis revealed significant correlations of hepatic disease-free survival with hepatocyte ballooning (p = 0.0009), lesion diameter (p = 0.014), and synchronous disease (p = 0.006). Univariate and multivariate analyses did not reveal any correlation with degree of steatosis or recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an important potential negative effect of hepatocyte ballooning on hepatic disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Molla
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and.,Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC.,Department of Radiology and
| | - M M Hassanain
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and.,Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z Fadel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and
| | - L M Boucher
- Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - A Madkhali
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and.,Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R M Altahan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and
| | - E A Alrijraji
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and
| | - E B Simoneau
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and
| | - H Alamri
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and.,Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Salman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and
| | - Z Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - P P Metrakos
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and.,Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
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12
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Yue Z, Yun-Shan Z, Feng-Xia X. miR-205 mediates the inhibition of cervical cancer cell proliferation using olmesartan. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2017; 17:1470320316663327. [PMID: 28304186 PMCID: PMC5843885 DOI: 10.1177/1470320316663327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has become known as a prerequisite for tumor angiogenesis that is now recognized as a crucial step in the development of tumors, including cervical cancer. The Ang II-AT1R pathway is known to play an important role in tumor angiogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, regulating RNAs that participate in tumor genesis, differentiation and proliferation. The current study focused on the anti-tumor mechanism of olmesartan, a novel angiotensin II antagonist, on cervical cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to demonstrate the effect of olmesartan on miR-205 and VEGF-A expression. miR-205 mimics and VEGF-A shRNA plasmid were separately transfected into HeLa and Siha cells to further validate the function of miR-205 and VEGF-A in cervical cancer cell proliferation. RESULTS It was found that olmesartan could upregulate miR-205 and inhibit VEGF-A expression in HeLa and Siha cells. In addition, VEGF-A was proven to be a target gene of miR-205. CONCLUSION This result provides a new idea on the anti-tumor mechanism of olmesartan, which may be used as a novel therapeutic target of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yue
- 1 Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhang Yun-Shan
- 2 Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Feng-Xia
- 1 Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300052, China
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13
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Cvirn G, Kneihsl M, Rossmann C, Paar M, Gattringer T, Schlagenhauf A, Leschnik B, Koestenberger M, Tafeit E, Reibnegger G, Trozic I, Rössler A, Fazekas F, Goswami N. Orthostatic Challenge Shifts the Hemostatic System of Patients Recovered from Stroke toward Hypercoagulability. Front Physiol 2017; 8:12. [PMID: 28223937 PMCID: PMC5293816 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The objective of our study was to assess the effects of orthostatic challenge on the coagulation system in patients with a history of thromboembolic events and to assess how they compared with age-matched healthy controls. Methods: Twenty-two patients with histories of ischemic stroke and 22 healthy age-matched controls performed a sit-to-stand test. Blood was collected prior to- and at the end of- standing in the upright position for 6 min. Hemostatic profiling was performed by determining thrombelastometry and calibrated automated thrombogram values, indices of thrombin generation, standard coagulation times, markers of endothelial activation, plasma levels of coagulation factors and copeptin, and hematocrit. Results: Orthostatic challenge caused a significant endothelial and coagulation activation in patients (Group 1) and healthy controls (Group 2): Plasma levels of prothrombin fragment F1+2 were increased by approximately 35% and thrombin/antithrombin-complex (TAT) increased 5-fold. Several coagulation variables were significantly altered in Group 1 but not in Group 2: Coagulation times (CTs) were significantly shortened and alpha angles, peak rate of thrombin generation (VELINDEX), tissue factor (TF) and copeptin plasma levels were significantly increased (comparison between standing and baseline). Moreover, the shortening of CTs and the rise of copeptin plasma levels were significantly higher in Group 1 vs. Group 2 (comparison between groups). Conclusion: The coagulation system of patients with a history of ischemic stroke can be more easily shifted toward a hypercoagulable state than that of healthy controls. Attentive and long-term anticoagulant treatment is essential to keep patients from recurrence of vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Cvirn
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Kneihsl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Rossmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Margret Paar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Bettina Leschnik
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | | | - Erwin Tafeit
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Gilbert Reibnegger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Irhad Trozic
- Gravitational Physiology, Aging and Medicine Research Unit, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Rössler
- Gravitational Physiology, Aging and Medicine Research Unit, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Fazekas
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Gravitational Physiology, Aging and Medicine Research Unit, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
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14
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Predictive and Prognostic Value of sPRR in Patients with Primary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2016; 2016:6845213. [PMID: 27660742 PMCID: PMC5021861 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6845213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the predictive and prognostic role of soluble (pro)renin receptor (sPRR) as a biomarker for clinicopathological outcome in patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). As part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) whose activity is known to increase in ovarian cancer patients, the relation of sPRR and ovarian cancer should be further investigated. Patients and Methods. In this study 197 patients with primary EOC in our institution from 2000 to 2011 were included. sPRR was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in preoperative taken blood sera. Associations with clinicopathological outcome were analyzed and serum levels of sPRR in patients have been compared to those in healthy specimen. Kaplan-Meier and logistic/Cox regression assessed the impact of the markers on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results. There have been no correlations proved of sPRR levels with neither clinicopathological factors nor prognostic data. Also the distribution of sPRR in patients and controls was normal. Conclusion. sPRR seems to have no predictive, prognostic, or diagnostic value in EOC. As several factors of the RAS which might indicate cancer events have been shown, sPRR seems not to be affected.
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15
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Fan F, Tian C, Tao L, Wu H, Liu Z, Shen C, Jiang G, Lu Y. Candesartan attenuates angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma via downregulating AT1R/VEGF pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:704-711. [PMID: 27470571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was reported to express in many types of tumors, promoting tumor growth and angiogenesis. We herein examined AT1R expression in liver cancer and the potential antitumor effects of AT1R antagonist Candesartan in liver cancer. We found that AT1R expression was positively correlated with VEGF-A expression and microvascular density (MVD) in 40 HCC patients. Angiotensin II and Candesartan neither had effects on the proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro. However, Angiotensin II upregulated AT1R protein expression and promoted production of VEGF-A in liver cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Candesartan was able to reverse this process in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Candesartan downregulated the expression of VEGF-A in SMMC-7721 bearing xenografts in mice and inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. Our data suggested that AT1R antagonist Candesartan might be useful to suppress liver cancer by inhibiting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangtian Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cunsi Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guorong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Suzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Research Institute, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of TCM of Nanjing University of TCM, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Yin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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16
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Shen J, Huang YM, Wang M, Hong XZ, Song XN, Zou X, Pan YH, Ling W, Zhu MH, Zhang XX, Sui Y, Zhao HL. Renin-angiotensin system blockade for the risk of cancer and death. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 17:1470320316656679. [PMID: 27402638 PMCID: PMC5843874 DOI: 10.1177/1470320316656679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) on cancer remain inconsistent. METHODS We searched existing databases from 1960 to August 2015, for randomised controlled trials and observational studies (case-control studies and cohort studies) of ARB/ACEI therapy with a minimal one year of follow-up. Outcomes were incidence and mortality of cancer. RESULTS We included 14 randomised controlled trials and 17 observational studies of 3,957,725 participants (350,329 ARB/ACEI users). The users had a lower incidence of cancer in the observational studies (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.93) but not in the randomised controlled trials (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92-1.08). The protection persisted for lung cancer (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.97) but not for other sites of cancer. The relative risk of cancer associated with renin-angiotensin system blockade was reduced along with time of follow-up. Mortality reduction with ARB/ACEI was marginally significant in the observational studies (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.93) but not in the randomised controlled trials (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.89-1.09). CONCLUSIONS The significant benefits of renin-angiotensin system blockade observed in case-control studies and cohort studies might diminish in randomised controlled trials. Clinical design, site of cancer and duration of follow-up may affect the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Yan-Mei Huang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Xin-Nan Song
- Department of Anesthetics, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Xia Zou
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Yan-Hong Pan
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Wei Ling
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Min-Hui Zhu
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
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17
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Ye L, Haider HK, Jiang SJ, Sim EKW. Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016; 12:173-81. [PMID: 15213090 DOI: 10.1177/021849230401200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis using vascular endothelial growth factor can reduce tissue ischemia by simulating the natural process of angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor not only stimulates endothelial cells to proliferate and migrate, but also mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells and achieves vascular protection. Besides direct administration of angiogenic proteins, plasmids and viral vectors carrying angiogenic genes have been used. Animal experiments have shown promise with evidence of neovascularization and improved perfusion in the target myocardium. Initial phase I and II clinical trials results are encouraging and reflect the potential success of therapeutic angiogenesis as a clinical modality for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. This review discusses the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in therapeutic angiogenesis, along with the problems and considerations of this approach as a treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Liu F, Zhuang S. Role of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Renal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060972. [PMID: 27331812 PMCID: PMC4926504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis can be induced in different renal diseases, but ultimately progresses to end stage renal disease. Although the pathophysiologic process of renal fibrosis have not been fully elucidated, it is characterized by glomerulosclerosis and/or tubular interstitial fibrosis, and is believed to be caused by the proliferation of renal inherent cells, including glomerular epithelial cells, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells, along with defective kidney repair, renal interstitial fibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate a variety of cell physiological processes, including metabolism, growth, differentiation, and survival. Many studies from in vitro and animal models have provided evidence that RTKs play important roles in the pathogenic process of renal fibrosis. It is also showed that tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) have anti-fibrotic effects in basic research and clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the evidence for involvement of specific RTKs in renal fibrosis process and the employment of TKIs as a therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Kato T, Mizuguchi N, Ito A. Blood pressure, renal biochemical parameters and histopathology in an original rat model of essential hypertension (SHRSP/Kpo strain). Biomed Res 2016; 36:169-77. [PMID: 26106046 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.36.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy, a consequence of chronic high blood pressure, is increasingly a cause of end-stage renal diseases and its correct management is very important for clinical outcome. Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR/Kpo) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP/Kpo) strains represent models of human essential hypertension. However, the kidney injuries in SHR/Kpo and SHRSP/Kpo are not well defined. We therefore characterized the renal pathophysiology of SHR/Kpo and SHRSP/Kpo compared with normotensive control (WKY/Kpo) rats. The SHRSP/Kpo exhibited increased systolic blood pressure at 10 weeks of age, and proteinuria and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels at 20 weeks. We simultaneously detected mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular injuries, accumulation of extracellular matrix and marked expression of α-SMA in the tubulointerstitium. Additionally, TGF-β1 and CTGF were up-regulated in the kidney of SHRSP/Kpo. We lastly focused on changes in glomerular cells of SHRSP/Kpo. Nestin, a podocyte marker, was detected but decreased slightly in 20-week-old SHRSP/Kpo. PECAM-1 expression was increased in SHRSP/Kpo glomeruli, indicating the thickening of glomerular endothelial cells. Moreover, we found that α-SMA, a myofibroblast marker, was also upregulated in the glomeruli of SHRSP/Kpo at 20 weeks. These findings suggest that SHRSP/Kpo could be a valuable animal model for human hypertensive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University
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20
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Cho JY, Park KH, Hwang DY, Chanmuang S, Jaiswal L, Park YK, Park SY, Kim SY, Kim HR, Moon JH, Ham KS. Antihypertensive Effects of Artemisia scoparia Waldst in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Identification of Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. Molecules 2015; 20:19789-804. [PMID: 26540035 PMCID: PMC6332079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antihypertensive effects of Artemisia scoparia (AS) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were fed diets containing 2% (w/w) hot water extracts of AS aerial parts for 6 weeks. The AS group had significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels than the control group. The AS group also had lower angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II content in serum compared to the control group. The AS group showed higher vascular endothelial growth factor and lower ras homolog gene family member A expression levels in kidney compared to the control group. The AS group had significantly lower levels of plasma lipid oxidation and protein carbonyls than the control group. One new and six known compounds were isolated from AS by guided purification. The new compound was determined to be 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoyl (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl benzoate, based on its nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Do Young Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Saoraya Chanmuang
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Lily Jaiswal
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Yang-Kyun Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - So-Young Kim
- Division of Functional Food & Nutrition, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonbuk 560-500, Korea.
| | - Haeng-Ran Kim
- Division of Functional Food & Nutrition, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonbuk 560-500, Korea.
| | - Jae-Hak Moon
- Department of Food Science & Technology, and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sik Ham
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
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Pan Z, Feng L, Long H, Wang H, Feng J, Chen F. Effects of Local Pancreatic Renin-Angiotensin System on the Microcirculation of Rat with Severe Acute Pancreatitis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:299-307. [PMID: 26170733 PMCID: PMC4499641 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is normally related to multiorgan dysfunction and local complications. Studies have found that local pancreatic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was significantly upregulated in drug-induced SAP. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of angiotensin II receptors inhibitor valsartan on dual role of RAS in SAP in a rat model and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. 3.8% sodium taurocholate (1 ml/kg) was injected to the pancreatic capsule in order for pancreatitis induction. Rats in the sham group were injected with normal saline in identical locations. We also investigated the regulation of experimentally induced SAP on local RAS expression in the pancreas through determination of the activities of serum amylase, lipase and myeloperoxidase, histological and biochemical analysis, radioimmunoassay, fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. The results indicated that valsartan could effectively suppress the local RAS to protect against experimental acute pancreatitis through inhibition of microcirculation disturbances and inflammation. The results suggest that pancreatic RAS plays a critical role in the regulation of pancreatic functions and demonstrates application potential as AT1 receptor antagonists. Moreover, other RAS inhibitors could be a new therapeutic target in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430050, Hubei, China
| | - Haocheng Long
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430050, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Jiarui Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430050, Hubei, China
| | - Feixiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430050, Hubei, China
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LIU XIANGCHUN, ZHANG HONG, WANG QUN, YU KEZHOU, WANG RONG, SUN JING. Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor-A/receptor 2 exhibits a protective effect on angiotensin-II stimulated podocytes. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4340-4345. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Standen P, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Taylor R, Heinemann G, Zhang JV, Highet AR, Pringle KG, Owens JA, Kumarasamy V, Lumbers ER, Roberts CT. Maternal insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 differentially affect the renin-angiotensin system during pregnancy in the guinea pig. Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:141-147. [PMID: 25748140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are known to interact with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We previously demonstrated that administration of IGF1 to guinea pigs in early to mid pregnancy promotes placental function and fetal growth in mid to late gestation. Early administration of IGF2 had sustained, but not acute, effects on these parameters and also on placental structural differentiation. Here, we aimed to determine whether the IGFs interact with the placental RAS in early to mid gestation to modulate placental development and increase fetal growth and survival, and if IGF2 binding the IGF2R is implicated in the sustained effects of IGF2 treatment. DESIGN At day 20 of pregnancy, guinea pigs were infused with 1m g/kg/day of IGF1, IGF2, (Leu27)IGF2 or vehicle for 18days and sacrificed on either day 62 (late pregnancy) or during the infusion period on day 35 (early-mid pregnancy). Placental structure at day 35 was analyzed using morphometric technique and expression of RAS genes in the placenta and placental and plasma renin activity were measured at both time points. RESULTS Compared with vehicle at day 35 of gestation, IGF1 infusion reduced the total midsagittal cross-sectional area of the placenta (-17%, p = 0.02) and the labyrinth area (-22%, p = 0.014) but did not alter the labyrinth volume nor labyrinth:interlobium ratios. IGF2 treatment did not affect placental structure. IGF1 did not alter placental mRNA for any of the RAS genes quantified at day 35 (AGTR1, ACE, AGT, TGFB1) but increased TGFB1 expression by more than 16-fold (p = 0.005) at day 62. IGF2 increased placental expression of AGTR1 (+88%, p = 0.03) and decreased AGT (-73%, p = 0.01) compared with the vehicle-treated group at day 35, and both IGF2 and (Leu27)IGF2 increased expression of TGFB1 at day 62 by 9-fold (p = 0.016) and 6-fold (p = 0.019) respectively. Both IGFs increased the ratio of active:total placental renin protein (+22% p = 0.026 p = 0.038) compared to vehicle compared to vehicle at day 35 but not 62. At day 62, IGF2-treated mothers showed a marked increase in total plasma renin (+495%) and active renin (+359%) compared to vehicle but decreased the ratio of active to total renin by 41% (p = 0.042). (Leu27)IGF2-treated animals had higher levels of placental active renin (+73%, p = 0.001) and total renin (+71%, p = 0.001) compared with the vehicle control. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in the current study suggest the potential for alternate roles for the induction of the RAS after IGF treatment. IGF1 and 2 treatments increase the activation of prorenin to renin in the placenta, possibly due to increased protease activity. In addition, IGF2 treatment in early pregnancy may enhance the maternal adaptation to pregnancy through stimulation of renin in the kidney. The sustained effects on placental differentiation and function after IGF2 treatment suggest therapeutic potential for exogenous administration of IGFs in improving pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prue Standen
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robyn Taylor
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gary Heinemann
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie V Zhang
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda R Highet
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie A Owens
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vasumathy Kumarasamy
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eugenie R Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Wu Y, Xia L, Zhou Y, Ma W, Zhang N, Chang J, Lin K, Xu Y, Jiang X. Evaluation of osteogenesis and angiogenesis of icariin loaded on micro/nano hybrid structured hydroxyapatite granules as a local drug delivery system for femoral defect repair. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4871-4883. [PMID: 32262676 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Icariin has been identified to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, whether icariin could enhance angiogenic factor expression of BMSCs, which may be vital for bone repair, needs to be explored. Moreover, how to construct a delivery system of icariin and its repair capability in bone defects are still unknown. In the present study, the effects of icariin on the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor expression of BMSCs were firstly evaluated. Moreover, new micro/nano hybrid structured HAp (micro/nano HAp) granules were fabricated to construct the delivery system of icariin, and the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of icariin loaded on micro/nano HAp granules in a rat femoral plug defect model were evaluated by micro-CT measurements, sequential fluorescent labeling and the histological assay. The in vitro results showed that icariin significantly improved osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs demonstrated by the enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene expression of runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), ALP, collagen type I (Col I), osteocalcin (OCN) and OCN protein secretion. Moreover, icariin induced the angiogenic genes expression of BMSCs, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiotensin 1 (ANG1). Furthermore, the activation of the AKT signaling pathway was observed in BMSCs upon treatment with icariin, and these enhancement effects could be blocked by LY294002, which suggested that the AKT signaling pathway was involved in the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor expression of BMSCs induced by icariin. More importantly, micro/nano HAp granules with rod-like shapes were successfully fabricated and acted as delivery carriers for icariin. Consequently, icariin loaded on micro/nano HAp granules could promote new bone formation and blood vessel formation. These results demonstrated that icariin could enhance osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor expression of BMSCs via the AKT signaling pathway, moreover, the novel micro/nano HAp granules could act as carriers for icariin to repair bone defects via enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Miyajima A, Kosaka T, Kikuchi E, Oya M. Renin-angiotensin system blockade: Its contribution and controversy. Int J Urol 2015; 22:721-30. [PMID: 26032599 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II is a key biological peptide in the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure and renal hemodynamics, and extensive experimental studies have shown that angiotensin II promotes diverse fibrotic changes and induces neovascularization in several inflammatory diseases. It is known that angiotensin II can be controlled using renin-angiotensin system blockade when angiotensin II is the main factor inducing a particular disease, and renin-angiotensin system blockade has assumed a central role in the treatment of inflammatory nephritis, cardiovascular disorders and retinopathy. In contrast, renin-angiotensin system blockade was found to have not only these effects but also other functions, such as inhibition of cancer growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Numerous studies have sought to elucidate the mechanisms and support these antitumor effects. However, a recent meta-analysis showed that renin-angiotensin system blockade use might in fact increase the incidence of cancer, so renin-angiotensin system blockade use has become somewhat controversial. Although the renin-angiotensin system has most certainly made great contributions to experimental models and clinical practice, some issues still need to be resolved. The present review discusses the contribution and controversy surrounding the renin-angiotensin system up to the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Miyajima
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Luzhna L, Kutanzi K, Kovalchuk O. Gene expression and epigenetic profiles of mammary gland tissue: Insight into the differential predisposition of four rat strains to mammary gland cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 779:39-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ueki N, Takeda S, Koya D, Kanasaki K. The relevance of the Renin-Angiotensin system in the development of drugs to combat preeclampsia. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:572713. [PMID: 26000015 PMCID: PMC4426891 DOI: 10.1155/2015/572713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that occurs during pregnancy. It has an unknown etiology and affects approximately 5-8% of pregnancies worldwide. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is not yet known, and preeclampsia has been called "a disease of theories." The central symptom of preeclampsia is hypertension. However, the etiology of the hypertension is unknown. In this review, we analyze the molecular mechanisms of preeclampsia with a particular focus on the pathogenesis of the hypertension in preeclampsia and its association with the renin-angiotensin system. In addition, we propose potential alternative strategies to target the renin-angiotensin system, which is enhanced during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Ueki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- *Keizo Kanasaki:
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Cuffe J, Walton S, Steane S, Singh R, Simmons D, Moritz K. The effects of gestational age and maternal hypoxia on the placental renin angiotensin system in the mouse. Placenta 2014; 35:953-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Link WT, De Felice A. An FDA overview of rodent carcinogenicity studies of angiotensin II AT-1 receptor blockers: pulmonary adenomas and carcinomas. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:555-63. [PMID: 25223563 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sipahi et al. (2010) performed a meta-analysis of 5 clinical trials (n=68,402) of 3 Angiotensin II (AngII) receptor subtype AT-1 blockers (ARBs) in cardiovascular disease. It revealed excess new lung cancer diagnoses in the cohorts treated with an ARB and background therapy (0.9% vs. 0.7% in non-ARB control; RR: 1.25; CI: 1.05-1.49; p=0.01). The FDA responded with a larger meta-analysis of 31 clinical trials (n=155,816) of ARBs that found no evidence of any excess of site-specific cancer (lung, breast, prostate), solid/skin cancer or cancer death (FDA safety communication, 3 June 2011). The FDA then re-visited the 19 rodent carcinogenicity assays of 9 ARBs, starting with those for Losartan in 1994, for any evidence of dosage-related lung tumorigenicity in this class. Assays were performed in 5 strains of rats and 5 strains of wild-type and transgenic mice per protocols and dosages sanctioned by FDA's executive carcinogenicity assessment committee (eCAC). Duration was lifetime except for 26-week assays of azilsartan and olmesartan in transgenic Tg rasH2 mice, and an assay of olmesartan in p53(+/-) transgenic mice. The dosages provided exposures approximating, and in most cases up to 20-300times greater than, that in patients. Depending on strain, up to 35% of untreated mice spontaneously developed lung tumors. Regression analysis of placebo-corrected mouse lung tumor incidence collapsed across strains, gender, and ARBs vs. multiples of human exposure revealed no excess lung neoplasia. The R(2) of <0.001 reflected the virtually identical number of treated cohorts with more tumors than its control cohort vs. those with less. Regardless of strain, both control and medicated rats were essentially devoid of lung tumors in the lifetime trials. Accordingly, there was neither promotion of background lung tumors in the mouse, nor initiation of de novo lung tumors in the rat. The negative lung findings in the mouse Tg rasH2 strain are also noteworthy given that, historically, the most prevalent spontaneous tumors in 26week trials in that model are lung adenomas and carcinomas. The negative results of the 19, mostly lifetime, assays for cancer viewed en masse add to the results of the meta-analysis of the shorter clinical trials of ARBs that were benign regardless of statistical method used (random vs. fixed effect), comparator arm (with or without ACE-inhibitors) and major co-factors (smoking or cancer history).
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Link
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
| | - Albert De Felice
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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Park YA, Choi CH, Do IG, Song SY, Lee JK, Cho YJ, Choi JJ, Jeon HK, Ryu JY, Lee YY, Kim TJ, Bae DS, Lee JW, Kim BG. Dual targeting of angiotensin receptors (AGTR1 and AGTR2) in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 135:108-17. [PMID: 25014541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) influences cardiovascular homeostasis, and Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) is the main effector of RAS, and AGTR2 antagonizes AGTR1. Accumulating evidence supports the role of RAS in the paracrine regulation of tumorigenesis in several cancer types. Although treatment with AGTR1 antagonist (losartan) or AGTR2 agonist (CGP42112A) inhibits tumor progression in several cancer cells, their combined treatment has not been reported. METHODS In this study, we estimated the expression of AGTR1 and AGTR2 in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Then, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of combined treatment with losartan and/or CGP42112A in ovarian cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). RESULTS AGTR1 protein was detected in 86% of ovarian cancer tissues, while AGTR2 was not detected in immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of AGTR1 obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) dataset showed that AGTR1 overexpression was correlated with poor survival. Treatment with either losartan or CGP42112A reduced the angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated cell survival in both ovarian cancer cells and HUVEC. Combined treatment with losartan and CGP42112A synergistically decreased cell survival. As a downstream pathway, phosphorylation of phospholipase C β3 (PLC β3) and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) decreased synergistically in combined treatment. CONCLUSION The results suggest that dual regulation of AGTR1 and AGTR2 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for epithelial ovarian carcinoma through inhibition of cancer cell survival as well as anti-angiogenesis. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE This study investigated the expressions of AGTR1 and AGTR2 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and the therapeutic potential of AGTR modulation with specific antagonist and/or agonist in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Treatment of AGTR1 antagonist, losartan and/or AGTR2 agonist, CGP42112A synergistically mediated anti-cancer effects including the decrease of cell survival and down-regulation of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gu Do
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Song
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Joong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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ENDER STEPHANALBRECHT, DALLMER ANDREA, LÄSSIG FLORIAN, LENDECKEL UWE, WOLKE CARMEN. Expression and function of the ACE2/angiotensin(1–7)/Mas axis in osteosarcoma cell lines U-2 OS and MNNG-HOS. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:804-10. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Thomson SE, McLennan SV, Twigg SM. Growth factors in diabetic complications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 2:403-18. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.3.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lumbers ER, Pringle KG, Wang Y, Gibson KJ. The renin-angiotensin system from conception to old age: the good, the bad and the ugly. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:743-52. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie R Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle and Mothers and Babies Research Centre; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle and Mothers and Babies Research Centre; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle and Mothers and Babies Research Centre; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Karen J Gibson
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
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Koh SL, Ager E, Malcontenti-Wilson C, Muralidharan V, Christophi C. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system improves the early stages of liver regeneration and liver function. J Surg Res 2012; 179:66-71. [PMID: 23110972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial hepatectomy is the preferred option for selected patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). Sufficient liver regeneration (LR) is essential for a successful outcome in these patients. The blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reduces the growth of several tumor types. The RAS also acts as a regulator of liver fibrosis and potentially LR. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, significantly inhibits the growth of CRCLM, but its effect on LR remains undefined. METHODS After 70% of partial hepatectomy, mice were randomly assigned to control or captopril-treated groups. LR was measured by liver-to-body weight ratio on days 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8. Hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis and cell size, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) count, and sinusoidal endothelial cell density were quantified. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) protein levels, liver injury markers, and RAS messenger RNA levels were also determined. RESULTS At day 2, captopril increased liver-to-body weight ratio (56.5 ± 1.7 captopril versus 49.3 ± 2.4 control, P = 0.027). This was associated with increased HSC count (65.4 ± 4.8 cells per 100,000 μm(2), 48.7 ± 2.3, P = 0.007) and MMP-9 levels (0.68 ± 0.12 AU, 0.12 ± 0.04, P = 0.014). The messenger RNA levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (P = 0.045) and angiotensin 1 receptor (P = 0.039) were reduced by captopril at day 2. CONCLUSION Captopril enhanced early LR. This effect was associated with increased HSC numbers and MMP-9 protein, whereas hepatocyte proliferation was lower than controls. Captopril may provide a beneficial treatment option for the management of patients with CRCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Lin Koh
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Ptasinska-Wnuk D, Mucha SA, Lawnicka H, Fryczak J, Kunert-Radek J, Pawlikowski M, Stepien H. The effects of angiotensin peptides and angiotensin receptor antagonists on the cell growth and angiogenic activity of GH3 lactosomatotroph cells in vitro. Endocrine 2012; 42:88-96. [PMID: 22442002 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is present in the pituitary gland, and inhibitory effects of angiotensins on the lactosomatotroph (GH3) cell growth have been revealed. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of various angiotensin peptides and angiotensin AT1, AT2, and AT4 receptors antagonists on the cell proliferation, viability, and VEGF secretion in pituitary lactosomatotroph GH3 cell culture in order to identify receptors involved in antiproliferative effects of angiotensins on GH3 tumor cells. Cell viability and proliferation using Mosmann method and BrdU incorporation during DNA synthesis, and VEGF secretion using ELISA assay were estimated. The inhibitory effects of ang II, ang IV, and ang 5-8 on the cell viability and BrdU incorporation in GH3 culture were not abolished by AT1, AT2, and AT4 receptors antagonists. Ang II, as well as ang III and ang IV at lower concentrations stimulated the secretion of VEGF in GH3 cell culture. The secretion of VEGF was inhibited by ang III and ang IV at higher concentrations. AT1 and AT2 receptors antagonists prevented the proangiogenic effects of ang II. Ang II, ang IV, and ang 5-8 decrease the cell number and proliferation in GH3 cell culture independently of the AT1, AT2, and AT4 receptors. These peptides affect also secretion of VEGF in culture examined. Both the AT1 and AT2 receptors appear to mediate the proangiogenic effects of ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Ptasinska-Wnuk
- Department of Endocrinology, The County Hospital of Kutno, 52 Kosciuszki Street, 99-300, Kutno, Poland
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Lawnicka H, Ptasinska-Wnuk D, Mucha S, Kunert-Radek J, Pawlikowski M, Stepien H. The involvement of angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors in estrogen-induced cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the rat anterior pituitary. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:358102. [PMID: 22645419 PMCID: PMC3360946 DOI: 10.1100/2012/358102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to examine the involvement of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in estrogen-induced lactotropes proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rat pituitary. The study was performed on Fisher 344 rats underwent 8-day treatment with diethylstilboestrol (DES). The proliferation index (PCNA) and VEGF expression in pituitary sections were estimated using immunohistochemical methods.
Treatment with DES increased the number of PCNA-positive cells, VEGF-positive cells, and VEGF-positive blood vessels in pituitary. Stimulatory effect of estrogen on cell proliferation and VEGF expression in blood vessels was attenuated by losartan, PD123319, and captopril. VEGF immunoreactivity in pituitary cells of DES-treated rats was decreased by AT1 antagonist and not changed by AT2 blocker and ACE inhibitor. Our findings suggest the involvement of RAS in DES-induced cell proliferation and VEGF expression in pituitary. Both the AT1 and AT2 receptors appear to mediate the estrogen-dependent mitogenic and proangiogenic effects in rat pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lawnicka
- Department of Immunoendocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Dr. Sterling 3 Street, 91-425 Lodz, Poland
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Choi CH, Park YA, Choi JJ, Song T, Song SY, Lee YY, Lee JW, Kim TJ, Kim BG, Bae DS. Angiotensin II type I receptor and miR-155 in endometrial cancers: synergistic antiproliferative effects of anti-miR-155 and losartan on endometrial cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 126:124-31. [PMID: 22525818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is one of the micro RNAs (miRNA) most consistently involved in neoplastic diseases, and it is known to repress the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expressions of miR-155 and AGTR1, and to clarify the potential efficacy of anti-miR-155, alone and in combination with AGTR1 blocker losartan in endometrial cancers. METHODS Expressions of miR-155 and AGTR1 were evaluated using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. And the MTT assay was performed in endometrial cancer cells following anti-miR-155 and AGTR1 blocker (losartan) treatment, alone and in combination. RESULTS miR-155 was over-expressed and AGTR1 was underexpressed in endometrial carcinoma tissues. AGTR1 immunoreactivity was found in six of ten (60.0%) normal endometrium, 11 of 14 (78.6%) endometrial hyperplasia, and 27 of 62 (43.5%) endometrial carcinoma tissues (P=0.051), and patients with AGTR1 expression showed trend towards improved survival after multivariate analysis (P=0.08). We checked that abolishing the function of miR-155 and AGTR1 by anti-miR-155 or losartan inhibited cell survival of endometrial carcinoma cells, respectively, and furthermore, combined treatment showed synergistic effects. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we characterized the expressions of miR-155 and AGTR1 in endometrial tissues. The combined treatment with anti-miR-155 and losartan has a synergistic antiproliferative effect and an improved understanding is required to clarify whether miR-155 and AGTR1 can be used as a novel therapeutic target in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chel Hun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nakamura S, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Candesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, inhibits pathological retinal neovascularization by downregulating VEGF receptor-2 expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:8-14. [PMID: 22543084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have examined the anti-angiogenic effects of angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonists; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are currently unclear. In the present study, we examined the efficacy and the mechanism of candesartan, an AT(1) receptor antagonist, in suppressing pathological retinal neovascularization. We used an in vivo murine oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model and also studied the in vitro proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. The regulation of angiogenesis-associated genes such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), VEGF-A, VEGF receptor-1, and VEGF receptor-2 was evaluated with real-time RT-PCR in the OIR model. In the OIR model, candesartan suppressed the pathological neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner, but did not prevent the physiological angiogenesis. However, candesartan did not inhibit VEGF-A-induced proliferation or migration in HRMECs in the in vitro study. When administered interperitoneally in the OIR model, candesartan reduced the upregulation of VEGF receptor-2 in the retina, but had no effects in the other angiogenesis-related genes, such as HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and VEGF receptor-1. These findings indicate that candesartan inhibited the retinal pathological neovascularization, at least in part, by suppressing the expression of VEGF receptor-2, independent of VEGF signaling cascade. Therefore, candesartan may be a useful therapeutic target for the inhibition of retinal neovascularization that has a low risk of serious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Pringle K, Tadros M, Callister R, Lumbers E. The expression and localization of the human placental prorenin/renin-angiotensin system throughout pregnancy: Roles in trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis? Placenta 2011; 32:956-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Keizman D, Huang P, Eisenberger MA, Pili R, Kim JJ, Antonarakis ES, Hammers H, Carducci MA. Angiotensin system inhibitors and outcome of sunitinib treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective examination. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:1955-61. [PMID: 21600760 PMCID: PMC3175366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunitinib is a standard treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Angiotensin system inhibitors, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, are widely used in hypertension, kidney disease and heart failure. Data suggests that they may inhibit tumourigenesis. AIMS To study the effect of angiotensin system inhibitors on sunitinib treatment outcome in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of an unselected cohort of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who were treated with sunitinib. Patients were divided into angiotensin system inhibitors users (group 1) and non-users (group 2). The effect of angiotensin system inhibitors on objective response, time to disease progression and overall survival, was tested with adjustment for known confounding risk factors through logistic regression model and Cox regression model. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2010, 127 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were treated with sunitinib, 44 group 1 and 83 group 2. The groups were balanced regarding known clinicopathologic prognostic factors. Objective response was partial response/stable disease 86% versus 72% and progressive disease 14% versus 28% (p=0.07) in group 1 versus 2, respectively. Median progression free survival was 13 versus 6 months (HR 0.537, p=0.0055), and median overall survival 30 versus 23 months (HR 0.688, p=0.21), in favour of group 1. CONCLUSIONS Angiotensin system inhibitors may improve the outcome of sunitinib treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This should be investigated prospectively, and if validated applied in clinical practise and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keizman
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Walczak C, Gaignier F, Gilet A, Zou F, Thornton SN, Ropars A. Aldosterone increases VEGF-A production in human neutrophils through PI3K, ERK1/2 and p38 pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:2125-32. [PMID: 21803079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone is now recognised as an important actor in inflammation processes. Neoangiogenesis plays a crucial role in this complex process and immune cells, such as neutrophils, appear to be able to secrete different forms of (pro)angiogenic molecules, especially VEGF-A. The present work was undertaken to investigate whether aldosterone was able to regulate VEGF-A production in human neutrophils. The HL-60 (progranulocytic) cell line and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were incubated for different time periods with aldosterone. Total cellular RNA extraction, submitted to reverse transcription and real time semi-quantitative PCR, was used to study VEGF-A mRNA expression. Cell supernatants were collected and ELISA tests were performed to analyse VEGF-A protein production. Aldosterone increased VEGF-A mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both cell types. Inhibitors of PI3 kinases, ERK1/2, and to a lesser extent of p38 MAPK, decreased this aldosterone-induced immune cell activation. Western-blot performed with HL-60 cells confirmed that ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways were stimulated by aldosterone. Mineralocorticoid receptors are implicated in this VEGF-A up-regulation because HL-60 cells pre-treated with spironolactone, an aldosterone receptor antagonist, diminished the effects of aldosterone. Aldosterone was also able to increase VEGF-A production of phagocytic cells such as neutrophils. These results suggest that this hormone could play an active role in the neovascularisation process by favouring entry of plasma proteins and fluids into the vascular wall, cell proliferation and tissue rebuilding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Walczak
- University of Henri Poincaré, Vandoeuvre-les-Nacy, France
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Mansour MA, Al-Ismaeel H, Al-Rikabi AC, Al-Shabanah OA. Comparison of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade for the prevention of premalignant changes in the liver. Life Sci 2011; 89:188-94. [PMID: 21699905 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigate and compare the possible antitumor activity of clinically used angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors; captopril, perindopril and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, losartan against hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrosoamines (DENA) and promoted by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). MAIN METHODS Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) (200mg/kgi.p.) initiated and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) (2ml/kgi.p.) promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar rats after 8weeks. RESULTS Hepatocarcinogenesis was manifested biochemically by elevation of serum hepatic tumor markers tested; α-feto protein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In addition, hepatic carcinogenesis was further confirmed by a significant increase in hepatic tissue growth factors; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Moreover a marked increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 and hydroxyproline content were also observed. Hepatocarcinogenesis was further confirmed by a significant decrease in hepatic endostatin and metallothonein level. KEY FINDINGS Long-term administration of the selected drugs for 2weeks before and throughout the experimental period produced a significant protection against hepatic carcinogenesis. The present results claimed that different doses of the selected drugs succeeded in normalization of serum tumor markers. Furthermore, the drugs reduced the elevated level in the hepatic growth factors, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and hydroxyproline induced by the hepatocarcinogen. Moreover, the amelioration was also accompanied by augmentation of hepatic content of metallothionein and endostatin. Histopathological examination of liver tissues of rats treated with DENA-CCl(4) correlated with the biochemical observations. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest a similar protective effect of ACE inhibitors; captopril; perindopril and AT1R blocker, losartan against premalignant stages of liver cancer in the DENA initiated and CCl(4) promoted hepatocarcinogenesis model in rats. Therefore, RAS especially angiotensin II (Ang II) and AT1R interaction plays a pivotal role hepatocarcinogenesis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Long-term high salt diet causes hypertension and alters renal cytokine gene expression profiles in Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2011; 2:275-85. [PMID: 19829664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examines whether a long-term high salt diet causes hypertension and renal injury in normal subjects [Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats] and alters renal cytokine-related gene expression profiles. METHODS Four 10 week old male SD rats received a high salt diet (HS, 8%) and the other 4 SD rats received a normal salt diet (NS, 0.5%) for 8 weeks. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal damages such as albuminuria and histological renal injury were determined. The relative mRNA levels of 514 cytokine-related genes (normalized by beta-actin) in rat kidneys following NS or HS were determined quantitatively through analysis of 4 sets of gene expression profiles using the mouse cDNA membrane microarrays. RESULTS We demonstrated that 8 weeks of HS diet increased MAP [(140.0+/-5.3) vs (112.0+/-2.2) mmHg; 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, P<0.01], albuminuria [(41.4+/-3.2) vs (20.1+/-4.5) mg/d; P<0.01], and caused histological renal injury in SD rats, compared to NS group. Of the 514 genes in the array, there were 27 (5.25%) genes with significantly different expression in the kidney of SD rats with HS compared to those of SD rats with NS. Functional clustering analysis indicated the following functional pathways related to high salt diet-induced hypertension: (1) pro-inflammatory response ( upward arrowIL-17, CCL28; downward arrow NFkappabib); (2) endothelial dysfunction ( downward arrowVEGF-A, VEGF-B, endoglin); (3) pro-matrix formation ( upward arrowosteopontin, IGFBP-5; downward arrow IFN-gamma); and (4) attenuated cell survival and differentiation ( downward arrowCNTF, IGF-II R, ephrin-B1). Northern blot confirmed that 8 weeks of HS diet significantly decreased renal expression of VEGF mRNA, compared to NS group (P<0.01). ELISA showed that HS diet significantly decreased renal protein levels of VEGF and CCL28. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that hypertension can be induced in normal rats by a long-term high salt diet, which is associated with increased renal injury and marked changes in renal cytokine gene expression profiles that are closely related to the pro-inflammatory response, pro-matrix formation, endothelial dysfunction, and attenuated cell survival and differentiation.
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Lamp M, Saare M, Laisk T, Karro H, Kadastik Ü, Metspalu A, Peters M, Salumets A. Genetic variations in vascular endothelial growth factor but not in angiotensin I-converting enzyme genes are associated with endometriosis in Estonian women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 153:85-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Koh SL, Ager EI, Christophi C. Liver regeneration and tumour stimulation: implications of the renin-angiotensin system. Liver Int 2010; 30:1414-26. [PMID: 20633100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver resection is the most effective treatment for primary liver tumours and metastasis to the liver, and remains the only potentially long-term curative therapy for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. Nevertheless, there is a significant incidence of tumour recurrence following liver resection. Cellular and molecular changes resulting from resection and the subsequent liver regeneration process may influence the kinetics of tumour growth, contributing to recurrence. Although commonly associated with the systemic homeostasis of blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has recently been shown to play a role in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in local organs as well as in malignancies. An electronic search of the English literature on the role of the RAS in liver regeneration and tumourigenesis was performed using PubMed, with additional relevant articles sourced from reference lists. Studies have shown that the blockade of the RAS pathway stimulates liver regeneration and inhibits tumour progression. An understanding of the role of RAS in liver regeneration and tumourigenesis may enable alternative strategies to improve patient outcome and survival after liver resection. This review will discuss the role of the RAS in liver regeneration and in tumour recurrence post-liver resection. The potential of the RAS as a novel therapeutic target for CRC liver metastases patients undergoing liver resection will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Lin Koh
- Austin Health, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.
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Silva RDB, Ramalho FS, Ramalho LZN. The effect of anti-hypertensive drugs on the obstructive pancreatitis in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2010; 25:396-400. [PMID: 20877948 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502010000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of ACE inhibitor, lisinopril and AT1 blocker, losartan, on the obstructive pancreatitis in rat. METHODS Acute pancreatitis in rats (n=21) was induced for a common hepatic duct were ligated proximal to its entry into the pancreas and the common bile - pancreatic duct were also ligated near its junction with the duodenum, under ether anesthesia, after which the abdomen were closed. The animals was divided in tree groups, being two treated and control group. The animals was treated with Losartan and Lisinopril at the dose of 10µg/Kg body weight per day, i.p., in a proportional volume, for five days, before and after treatment. RESULTS The inflammation, collagen deposition in the pancreas of treated animals were smaller, suggesting that the use of antihypertensive agents interfered positively in the depletion of the injury of the pancreas. Scythe showed a correlation between activity of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) lower in treated animals when compared to control. CONCLUSION The pancreatic stellate cells strength are involved in collagen production during acute pancreatitis and why antihypertensive drugs such as lisinopril and losartan may possibly have beneficial effects in reducing pancreatic fibrosis in models of experimental obstructive pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Barros Silva
- Department of Pathology and Forensis Medicine, Faculty Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Ballermann BJ. Dependence of renal microvessel density on angiotensin II: only in the fetus? J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:386-8. [PMID: 20167704 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Chu PY, Mariani J, Finch S, McMullen JR, Sadoshima J, Marshall T, Kaye DM. Bone marrow-derived cells contribute to fibrosis in the chronically failing heart. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:1735-42. [PMID: 20150435 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis contributes significantly to the phenotype of the chronically failing heart. It is not clear whether in this setting the fibrosis is contributed by native cardiac fibroblasts or alternatively by recruitment of cells arising from the bone marrow. We aimed to determine the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to cardiac fibrosis in the failing heart and to investigate potentially contributing cytokines. Bone marrow-derived fibrocyte recruitment to the failing heart was studied in a transgenic (Mst1 mice) model of dilated cardiomyopathy. In conjunction, we examined the role of stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), a key chemoattractant, by assessing myocardial expression and secretion by cardiomyocytes and in clinical samples. Bone marrow-derived cells were recruited in significantly greater numbers in Mst1 versus control mice (P < 0.001), contributing 17 +/- 4% of the total fibroblast load in heart failure. Patients with heart failure had higher plasma levels of SDF-1 than healthy control subjects (P < 0.01). We found that cardiomyocytes constitutively secrete SDF-1, which is significantly up-regulated by angiotensin II. SDF-1 was shown to increases cardiac fibroblast migration by 59% (P < 0.05). Taken together, our data suggest that recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells under the influence of factors, including SDF-1, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yin Chu
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Central, Melbourne, VIC 8008, Australia
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Feliers D, Kasinath BS. Mechanism of VEGF expression by high glucose in proximal tubule epithelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 314:136-42. [PMID: 19765632 PMCID: PMC2783935 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are important mediators of kidney injury in diabetes. VEGF expression is increased in proximal tubules of mice with type 1 diabetes. In mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells (MCT) cultured with 30 mM glucose (HG) for 24h, VEGF expression is increased at the protein and the mRNA level, suggesting a transcriptional mechanism. HG stimulation of VEGF synthesis is prevented by captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, and, by losartan, a specific antagonist of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), suggesting that VEGF synthesis is mediated by Ang II. Synthesis of angiotensinogen (AGT), a precursor of angiotensin II, is increased in MCTs cultured in HG. Although synthesis of renin and ACE is not affected by HG, their activity is increased in the conditioned medium. Concentrations of Ang I and Ang II are also increased in conditioned medium from HG-treated MCTs and captopril prevents increased Ang II, but not Ang I, synthesis. Finally, AT1 is activated in MCTs treated with HG, and its activation is prevented by captopril and losartan. The ERK pathway is activated by HG within minutes of stimulation and lasting for up to 24h. The initial phase of ERK activation is due to HG itself and leads to AGT upregulation and the sustained phase is mediated for the most part by Ang II-activated AT1 receptor and leads to increased VEGF synthesis. These data show that: (1) HG increases AGT synthesis and activation of renin and ACE by MCTs, leading to local production of Ang I and Ang II. (2) Ang II activates endogenous AT1 and stimulates synthesis of VEGF. (3) HG activation of ERK starts within minutes and lasts for up to 24h. Early ERK activation is involved in AGT upregulation and sustained ERK activation, mediated via AT1, is responsible for VEGF synthesis. In conclusion, our study shows that MCTs express an endogenous renin-angiotensin system that is activated by high glucose to stimulate the synthesis of VEGF, through activation of the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Feliers
- O'Brien Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine/Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Current Research of the RAS in Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 690:179-99. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9060-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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