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Gonzalez R, Saha A, Campbell CJ, Nejat P, Lokker C, Norgan AP. Seeing the random forest through the decision trees. Supporting learning health systems from histopathology with machine learning models: Challenges and opportunities. J Pathol Inform 2024; 15:100347. [PMID: 38162950 PMCID: PMC10755052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses some overlooked challenges faced when working with machine learning models for histopathology and presents a novel opportunity to support "Learning Health Systems" with them. Initially, the authors elaborate on these challenges after separating them according to their mitigation strategies: those that need innovative approaches, time, or future technological capabilities and those that require a conceptual reappraisal from a critical perspective. Then, a novel opportunity to support "Learning Health Systems" by integrating hidden information extracted by ML models from digitalized histopathology slides with other healthcare big data is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gonzalez
- DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Computational Pathology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ashirbani Saha
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Escarpment Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clinton J.V. Campbell
- William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peyman Nejat
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cynthia Lokker
- Health Information Research Unit, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Norgan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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2
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Montero S, Sandigo-Saballos I, Tom C, Lee H. Poor Acceptance of the Revised Classification of Premalignant Anal Lesions Following the LAST Standardized Project. Am Surg 2024; 90:2419-2423. [PMID: 38641876 DOI: 10.1177/00031348241248793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology (LAST) Project recommended unified classification for HPV-associated squamous lesions of the lower anogenital tract, using a 2-tiered nomenclature in 2013. Adherence to the new nomenclature worldwide is unknown. This study aims to assess the trend of the use of the two-tiered High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion and Low Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL/LSIL) as opposed to the traditional three-tiered Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN I/II/III) classification as suggested by the LAST Project. METHODS A literature search on full-text English language studies of premalignant anal lesion was performed on PubMed from 2002-2022. The studies were categorized by continent, and the prevalence of HSIL/LSIL classification vs AIN I/II/III was calculated. RESULTS 546 studies and 251 studies were identified using the AIN I/II/II and the HSIL/LSIL classification respectively. Global trend suggested a statistically significant downward trend in the use of the two-tiered nomenclature system in publications globally. Regional trend including North America, Europe, and other (Asia and Latin America) showed variance in adoption of the two-tiered nomenclature system. CONCLUSION Despite multidisciplinary collaborative effort, adherence to the recommendations to use the two-tiered system for HPV-associated premalignant anal lesions continues to be suboptimal. Further efforts are needed to identify the cause of poor adherence to be able to create strategies that reinforces unification of terminology and integration of LAST the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Montero
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Isabela Sandigo-Saballos
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Tom
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Hanjoo Lee
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
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3
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Cedeño K, Amaya-Ardila CP, Ramos-Cartagena JM, Guiot HM, Muñoz C, Tirado-Gómez M, Ortíz AP. Association of body mass index with anal human papillomavirus infection and histologically confirmed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in people who receive services at the Anal Neoplasia Clinic in Puerto Rico. Prev Med Rep 2024; 45:102810. [PMID: 39070706 PMCID: PMC11283076 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the association of body mass index (BMI) with anal high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and biopsy-confirmed histologic anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) among a clinic-based sample of Hispanics in Puerto Rico. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated medical records of adults who received services at the Anal Neoplasia Clinic of the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center between October 2014 and December 2022. The study included 543 records with complete clinical information regarding anal HR-HPV and anal HSIL status. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Mean age of participants was 44.10 ± 13.24 years, 65.2% were men, 71.7% were HIV-infected, 74.4% had anal HR-HPV infection, and 37.9% had biopsy-confirmed HSIL. Regarding BMI, 2.4% were underweight, 31.9% normal weight, and 39.0 % overweight; while 17.3 % had class I, 5.2% class II, and 4.2% class III obesity. No significant association was observed between BMI and anal HR-HPV infection in adjusted analyses. Lower odds of anal HSIL were observed among overweight individuals (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41 - 0.99) and those with class II/III obesity (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.22 - 1.01) compared to adults with underweight/normal BMI, after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant association was observed for class I obesity. Conclusion BMI was not associated with anal HR-HPV infection. Overweight and obese individuals had lower odds of having anal HSIL than adults with underweight/normal BMI. This finding could suggest underdiagnosis of HSIL among overweight/obese individuals, or reduced risk in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehvyn Cedeño
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Claudia P. Amaya-Ardila
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jeslie M. Ramos-Cartagena
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Humberto M. Guiot
- School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Cristina Muñoz
- Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maribel Tirado-Gómez
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Ana P. Ortíz
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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4
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Sanchez DF, Oliveira P. Pathology of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis: Back to Square One. Urol Clin North Am 2024; 51:313-325. [PMID: 38925734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The landscape of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCC-P) has undergone a significant transformation since the new World Health Organization classification of genitourinary cancers and recent European Association of Urology/American Association of Clinical Oncology guidelines. These changes emphasize the necessity to categorize SCC-P into 2 groups based on its association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This shift has major implications, considering that prior knowledge was derived from a mix of both groups. Given the distinct prognosis, treatment options, and staging systems observed for HPV-associated tumors in other body areas, the question now arises: will similar patterns emerge for SCC-P?
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Sanchez
- Translational Oncogenomics Group, Manchester Cancer Research Centre & CRUK-MI, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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5
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Ng HI, Chen BH, Zhang YM, Zhang W, Liu Y, Wang GQ. Clinical application of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma/high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion involving the canal anal. Tech Coloproctol 2024; 28:90. [PMID: 39085740 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-024-02966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SISCC) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) involving the anal canal are rare, and their surgical management involves local excision. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has recently emerged as a promising treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of ESD for SISCC and HSIL in the anal canal. METHODS All patients diagnosed with SISCC or HSIL in the anal canal who underwent ESD between November 2018 and May 2023 were included. Patient age, sex, pathology, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, T stage, en bloc rate, and R0 resection rate were analyzed. RESULTS Ten patients, including two men and eight women, with a median age of 61 (51-68) years were enrolled. All patients were HIV-negative, but five (50%) were HPV-positive. Pathological examination showed tumor stage of two patients as T2, one as T0 of SISCC, and seven as Tis of HSIL. The median specimen and tumor sizes were 24 (6-65) mm and 18 (6-55) mm, respectively. The en bloc and R0 resection rates were 100% and 80%, respectively. No severe complications occurred and no recurrence was observed at the follow-up (median follow-up period, 9 (1-35) months). CONCLUSIONS ESD is a reliable and minimally invasive procedure that enables more individualized treatment options for specific groups. As we were limited by the length of the observation period, the long-term performance of ESD for SISCC and HSIL involving the anal canal requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-I Ng
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - B-H Chen
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Y-M Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - G-Q Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Gambella A, Senetta R, Falco EC, Ricci AA, Mangherini L, Tampieri C, Fissore J, Orlando G, Manetta T, Mengozzi G, Mistrangelo M, Bertero L, Cassoni P. Prognostic and predictive role of YKL-40 in anal squamous cell carcinoma: a serological and tissue-based analysis in a multicentric cohort. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1372195. [PMID: 39045410 PMCID: PMC11263350 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1372195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASC) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy showing an increased incidence over the past decades. YKL-40 is an immune modulator and pro-angiogenetic factor that showed a promising prognostic and predictive potential in several malignancies, but limited data are available for ASC. This study aims to provide an extensive evaluation of the prognostic and predictive role of YKL-40 in a multicenter cohort of ASC patients. Methods We retrospectively retrieved 72 consecutive cases of ASC diagnosed between February 2011 and March 2021. Both serum and tissue protein expression of YKL-40 were assessed, the latter in ASC tumor cells and peritumor immune cells. Results Increased YKL-40 serum levels at the time of diagnosis were associated with older age (p = 0.035), presence of cardiovascular/metabolic comorbidities (p = 0.007), and death for any cause (p = 0.011). In addition, high serum levels of YKL-40 were associated with a poor prognosis (HR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.01-7.84; p = 0.047). Protein expression of YKL-40 in ASC tumor cells was significantly associated with low tumor grade (p = 0.031), while the increased expression in peritumor immune cells was associated with a worse response of patients to chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.007). However, YKL-40 protein expression in ASC tumor cells or peritumor immune cells did not significantly impact patient overall survival. Discussion In conclusion, YKL-40 resulted a relevant prognostic (serum level) and predictive (tissue protein expression in peritumor immune cells) biomarker and can considerably improve ASC patient clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gambella
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Andrea Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Mangherini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristian Tampieri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Fissore
- Pathology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tilde Manetta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Cheng D, Rieu-Werden ML, Lykken JM, Werner CL, Feldman S, Silver MI, Atlas SJ, Tiro JA, Haas JS, Kamineni A. Assessing Management of Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Results and Concordance with Guideline Recommendations in Three US Healthcare Settings. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:912-922. [PMID: 38652505 PMCID: PMC11366420 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follow-up of abnormal results is essential to cervical cancer screening, but data on adherence to follow-up are limited. We describe patterns of follow-up after screening abnormalities and identify predictors of guideline-concordant follow-up. METHODS We identified the index screening abnormality (positive human papillomavirus test or atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or more severe cytology) among women of ages 25 to 65 years at three US healthcare systems during 2010 to 2019. We estimated the cumulative incidence of surveillance testing, colposcopy, or treatment after the index abnormality and initial colposcopy. Logistic regressions were fit to identify predictors of guideline-concordant follow-up according to contemporaneous guidelines. RESULTS Among 43,007 patients with an index abnormality, the cumulative incidence of any follow-up was 49.6% by 4 years for those with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/human papillomavirus-negative and higher for abnormalities warranting immediate colposcopy. The 1-year cumulative incidence of any follow-up after colposcopy was 70% for patients with normal results or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I and 90% for patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II+. Rates of concordant follow-up after screening and colposcopy were 52% and 47%, respectively. Discordant follow-up was associated with factors including age, race/ethnicity, overweight/obese body mass index, and specific types of public payor coverage or being uninsured. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the recommended follow-up of cytologic and histopathologic abnormalities is inconsistent in clinical practice. Concordance was poor for mild abnormalities and improved, although suboptimal, for more severe abnormalities. IMPACT There remain gaps in the cervical cancer screening process in clinical practice. Further study is needed to understand the barriers to the appropriate management of cervical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cheng
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan L Rieu-Werden
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn M Lykken
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Claudia L Werner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Parkland Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Feldman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle I Silver
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven J Atlas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmin A Tiro
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago—Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer S Haas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aruna Kamineni
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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Ferraz DLF, Dos Santos ES, Pedroso CM, Silva BSDF, Kujan O, Salo TA, Malki MI, Juteau S, Vargas PA, Lopes MA, Santos-Silva AR. Histopathological risk assessment in multisite epithelial dysplasia: A meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38946217 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histopathological grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is the current standard for stratifying cancer progression risk but is associated with subjectivity and variability. This problem is not commonly seen regarding the grading of epithelial dysplasia in other sites. This systematic review aims to compare grading systems for oral, anal, penile, and cervical epithelial dysplasia to determine their predictive accuracy for recurrence and malignant transformation (MT) outcomes. METHODS The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023403035) and was reported according to the PRISMA checklist. A comprehensive search was performed in the main databases and gray literature. The risk of bias in individual studies was analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for each study design. RESULTS Forty-six studies were deemed eligible and included in this systematic review, of which 45 were included in the quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that the binary system demonstrated a higher predictive ability for MT/recurrence of OED compared to multilevel systems. Higher predictive accuracy of MT was also observed for binary grading systems in anal intraepithelial neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS No significant difference was found between the current grading systems of epithelial dysplasia in different body parts. However, binary grading systems have shown better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lobato Ferreira Ferraz
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erison Santana Dos Santos
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caique Mariano Pedroso
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tuula Anneli Salo
- Oral Medicine and Pathology, Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM) and iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohammed I Malki
- Pathology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Susanna Juteau
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kwon S, Kim JW, Kim ES, Paik JH, Chung JH, Cho SW, Won TB, Rhee CS, Wee JH, Kim H. Assessment of TP53 and CDKN2A status as predictive markers of malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14286. [PMID: 38902320 PMCID: PMC11190283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism and predictive biomarkers of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are still unclear. We investigated the genetic mutations involved and the predictive biomarkers. Fourteen patients with SCC arising from IP and six patients with IPs without malignant transformation (sIP) were included. DNA was extracted separately from areas of normal tissue, IP, dysplasia, and SCC. Whole exome sequencing and immunohistochemistry was performed. Major oncogenic mutations were observed in the progression from IP to SCC. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (39%) and CDKN2A (27%). Mutations in TP53 and/or CDKN2A were observed in three of six IPs with malignant transformation (cIP); none were observed in sIPs. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) increased from IP to SCC (0.64/Mb, 1.11/Mb, and 1.25 for IP, dysplasia, and SCC, respectively). TMB was higher in the cIPs than in the sIPs (0.64/Mb vs 0.3/Mb). Three cIPs showed a diffuse strong or null pattern in p53, and one showed a total loss of p16, a distinct pattern from sIPs. Our result suggests that TP53 and CDKN2A status can be predictive markers of malignant transformation of IP. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry of p53 and p16 expression can be surrogate markers for TP53 and CDKN2A status.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Papilloma, Inverted/genetics
- Papilloma, Inverted/pathology
- Papilloma, Inverted/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- Male
- Female
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Aged
- Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/genetics
- Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/pathology
- Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mutation
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged, 80 and over
- Exome Sequencing
- Immunohistochemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyeon Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Whun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Paik
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Bin Won
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Seo Rhee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Haviland SM, O'Donnell MT. Condyloma and Anal Dysplasia. Surg Clin North Am 2024; 104:517-527. [PMID: 38677817 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) are precancerous lesions and are sequela of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. AIN is classified as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Screening with anal cytology and anoscopy should be considered for high-risk populations. Diagnosis is made through high resolution anaoscopy and biopsy. Options for treatment include ablation and several topical therapies; however, recurrence rates are high for all treatment options, and an ongoing surveillance is necessary to prevent progression to anal squamous cell carcinoma. HPV vaccination is recommended to prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Haviland
- Department of General Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary T O'Donnell
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Xiao X, Fang PH, Zhou JF, Li XK, Shang QX, Yang YS, Luan SY, Chen LQ, Yuan Y. Impact of Skeletal Muscle Loss and Sarcopenia on Outcomes of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer during Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:3819-3829. [PMID: 38245646 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-14936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of changes in skeletal muscle and sarcopenia on outcomes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for patients with esophageal cancer remains controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer who received NACR followed by esophagectomy between June 2013 and December 2021. The images at third lumbar vertebra were analyzed to measure the cross-sectional area and calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI) before and after NACR. SMI less than 52.4 cm2/m2 for men and less than 38.5 cm2/m2 for women were defined as sarcopenia. The nonlinearity of the effect of percent changes in SMI (ΔSMI%) to survival outcomes was assessed by restricted cubic splines. RESULTS Overall, data of 367 patients were analyzed. The survival outcomes between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups had no significant differences before NACR. However, patients in post-NACR sarcopenia group showed poor overall survival (OS) benefit (P = 0.016) and poor disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.043). Severe postoperative complication rates were 11.9% in post-NACR sarcopenia group and 5.0% in post-NACR non-sarcopenia group (P = 0.019). There was a significant non-linear relationship between ΔSMI% and survival outcomes (P < 0.05 for non-linear). On the multivariable analysis of OS, ΔSMI% > 12% was the independent prognostic factor (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03-2.99, P = 0.039) and significant difference was also found on DFS analysis (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Patients with post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy sarcopenia have worse survival and adverse short-term outcomes. Moreover, greater loss in SMI is associated with increased risks of death and disease progression during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, with maximum impact noted with SMI loss greater than 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pin-Hao Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi-Xin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Shang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Si-Yuan Luan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long-Qi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Lei L, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Ma W, Liu F, Li D, Chen K, Zeng Y. Clinical analysis of 314 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion who underwent total hysterectomy directly: a multi-center, retrospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:575. [PMID: 38724921 PMCID: PMC11080298 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the risk factors of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL) complicated with occult cervical cancer and standardize the management of initial treatment for HSIL. METHOD The clinical data of patients who underwent total hysterectomy directly due to HSIL in the obstetrics and gynecology department of two tertiary hospitals and three secondary hospitals from 2018 to 2023 were collected. Their general characteristics, pathological parameters and survival status were analyzed. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between clinical parameters and postoperative pathological upgrading. RESULT 1. Among the 314 patients with HSIL who underwent total hysterectomy directly, 73.2% were from primary hospitals. 2. 25 patients (7.9%) were pathologically upgraded to cervical cancer, all of which were early invasive cancer. 3. Up to now, there was no recurrence or death in the 25 patients with early-stage invasive cancer, and the median follow-up period was 21 months(range 2-59 months). 4. Glandular involvement(OR 3.968; 95%CI 1.244-12.662) and lesion range ≥ 3 quadrants (OR 6.527; 95% CI 1.78-23.931), HPV 16/18 infection (OR 5.382; 95%CI 1.947-14.872), TCT ≥ ASC-H (OR 4.719; 95%CI 1.892-11.766) were independent risk factors that affected the upgrading of postoperative pathology. 5. The area under the curve (AUC) calculated by the Logistic regression model was 0.840, indicating that the predictive value was good. CONCLUSION There is a risk of occult cervical cancer in patients with HSIL. Glandular involvement, Lesion range ≥ 3 quadrants, HPV 16/18 infection and TCT ≥ ASC-H are independent risk factors for HSIL combined with occult cervical cancer. The prognosis of biopsy-proved HSIL patients who underwent extrafascial hysterectomy and unexpected early invasive cancer was later identified on specimen may be good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, 8 Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, 8 Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yahong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, 8 Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jianli County People's Hospital, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shishou People's Hospital, Mingzhu Street, Shishou, Hubei, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, 8 Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Keming Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, 8 Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, 8 Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
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Thitipatarakorn S, Teeratakulpisarn N, Nonenoy S, Klinsukontakul A, Suriwong S, Makphol J, Hongchookiat P, Chaya‐ananchot T, Chinlaertworasiri N, Mingkwanrungruang P, Sacdalan C, Poltavee K, Pankam T, Kerr SJ, Ramautarsing R, Colby D, Phanuphak N. Prevalence and incidence of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in a cohort of cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men diagnosed and treated during acute HIV acquisition in Bangkok, Thailand. J Int AIDS Soc 2024; 27:e26242. [PMID: 38695517 PMCID: PMC11064653 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Men who have sex with men (MSM), especially those living with HIV, are at an increased risk of anal cancer. The prevalence and incidence of its precursor, anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), among MSM who started antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV acquisition are yet to be explored. METHODS Participants in an acute HIV acquisition cohort in Bangkok, Thailand, who agreed to take part in this study, were enrolled. All participants were diagnosed and started antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV acquisition. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping and high-resolution anoscopy, followed by anal biopsy as indicated, were done at baseline and 6-monthly visits. RESULTS A total of 89 MSM and four transgender women were included in the analyses. Median age at enrolment was 26 years. Baseline prevalence of histologic anal HSIL was 11.8%. With a total of 147.0 person-years of follow-up, the incidence of initial histologic anal HSIL was 19.7 per 100 person-years. Factors associated with incident anal HSIL were anal HPV 16 (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 4.33, 95% CI 1.03-18.18), anal HPV 18/45 (aHR 6.82, 95% CI 1.57-29.51), other anal high-risk HPV (aHR 4.23, 95% CI 1.27-14.14), syphilis infection (aHR 4.67, 95% CI 1.10-19.90) and CD4 count <350 cells/mm3 (aHR 3.09, 95% CI 1.28-7.48). CONCLUSIONS With antiretroviral therapy initiation during acute HIV acquisition, we found the prevalence of anal HSIL among cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men to be similar to those without HIV. Subsequent anal HSIL incidence, although lower than that of those with chronic HIV acquisition, was still higher than that of those without HIV. Screening for and management of anal HSIL should be a crucial part of long-term HIV care for all MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jirat Makphol
- Institute of HIV Research and InnovationBangkokThailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH Research FoundationBangkokThailand
- Research AffairsFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | | | | | - Stephen J. Kerr
- HIV‐NATThai Red Cross AIDS Research CenterBangkokThailand
- Biostatistics Excellence CenterFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- The Kirby InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Donn Colby
- Institute of HIV Research and InnovationBangkokThailand
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- Institute of HIV Research and InnovationBangkokThailand
- Center of Excellence in Transgender HealthChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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Burgos J, Curran A, Garcia J, Landolfi S, Hernández-Losa J, Suanzes P, Navarro J, Falcó V. Effectiveness of trichloroacetic acid versus electrocautery for the treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in persons with HIV. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:299-307. [PMID: 38217494 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2303021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare trichloroacetic acid (TCA) versus electrocautery (ECA) for the treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). METHODS This is an observational, single-center study. All subjects with HIV who had anal HSIL treated with TCA or ECA from 2010 to 2022 were included. Effectiveness was evaluated by on-treatment analysis, defining response as the resolution of HSIL and recurrence as a new diagnosis of HSILs during follow-up. A propensity score analysis was used to adjust for confounding factors. RESULTS In total, 227 and 260 HSIL episodes were treated with ECA and TCA, respectively. Response was observed in 61.7% (95% CI: 55.3-68) of cases treated with ECA and in 73.1% (95% CI: 67.8-78.5) with TCA (p = .004). The effectiveness of TCA was higher in large and multifocal HSILs. Side effects were common with both treatments, but no serious events were described. Tolerability was good in 77.1% and 80.7% of patients treated with ECA and TCA, respectively. At 24 months, recurrent HSIL were observed in 36.3% (95% CI: 27.3-45) and 28% (95% CI: 20.2-35.8) in the ECA and TCA groups (p = .049). A nadir CD4 cell count ≤200 cells/µl was found to be a risk factor for recurrence (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.12-2.78). CONCLUSIONS In this study, treatment with TCA showed high effectiveness, low recurrence and good tolerability. Considering the benefits of TCA, it could be considered one of the first-line treatments for anal HSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Burgos
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Curran
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefania Landolfi
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Suanzes
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Navarro
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Falcó
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Darré T, Djiwa T, Ladekpo KJO, M’Bortche BK, Douaguibe B, Aboubakari AS, Ekouévi DK, Saka B. Factors Associated With Precancerous Cervical Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Togo. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2024; 18:11795549241234620. [PMID: 38510316 PMCID: PMC10953098 DOI: 10.1177/11795549241234620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge in developing countries, like Togo. Precancerous lesions include all cellular abnormalities that have malignant potential that can develop into cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with precancerous cervical lesions in HIV-infected women in our context. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from November 31, 2022, to January 31, 2023, in an HIV care center in Lomé (Non-Governmental Organization Espoir Vie Togo [NGO EVT] Grand-Lomé-Togo). Results A total of 271 women were included with a mean age of 47.0 years and a standard deviation of 10.0 years, among whom 20.7% do not have any scholar education. Only 6.7% of them had previously performed cervical smear examinations. The prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions observed in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) was 11.4% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 5.0 to 15.4. Cytological abnormalities were marked by low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (5.1%), followed by the presence of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (3.5%). A statistically significant association was found between parity and the presence of precancerous lesions (P = .014). Conclusions In this study, more than 1 out of 10 women living with HIV had precancerous cervical lesions, and parity was the factor associated. The implementation of a systematic screening program for precancerous cervical lesions and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection integrated into HIV care is necessary for early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Bingo K M’Bortche
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Baguilane Douaguibe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Bayaki Saka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Loughrey MB, Shepherd NA. Anal and Perianal Preneoplastic Lesions. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2024; 53:201-220. [PMID: 38280748 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Anal cancer, mainly squamous cell carcinoma, is rare but increasing in prevalence, as is its precursor lesion, anal squamous dysplasia. They are both strongly associated with human papillomavirus infection. The 2-tiered Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology classification, low-grade SIL and high-grade SIL, is preferred to the 3-tiered anal intraepithelial neoplasia classification because of better interobserver agreement and clearer management implications. Immunohistochemistry with p16 is helpful to corroborate the diagnosis of squamous dysplasia. Similarly, immunohistochemistry is helpful to differentiate primary Paget disease from secondary Paget disease, which is usually due to anal squamous mucosal/epidermal involvement by primary rectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice B Loughrey
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT12 6BA, United Kingdom.
| | - Neil A Shepherd
- Gloucestershire Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Cheltenham General Hospital, Sandford Road, Cheltenham GL53 7AN, United Kingdom
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Gisca T, Munteanu IV, Vasilache IA, Melinte-Popescu AS, Volovat S, Scripcariu IS, Balan RA, Pavaleanu I, Socolov R, Carauleanu A, Vaduva C, Melinte-Popescu M, Adam AM, Adam G, Vicoveanu P, Socolov D. A Prospective Study on the Progression, Recurrence, and Regression of Cervical Lesions: Assessing Various Screening Approaches. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1368. [PMID: 38592206 PMCID: PMC10931951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The prediction of cervical lesion evolution is a challenge for clinicians. This prospective study aimed to determine and compare the predictive accuracy of cytology, HPV genotyping, and p16/Ki67 dual staining alone or in combination with personal risk factors in the prediction of progression, regression, or persistence of cervical lesions in human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected patients; (2) Methods: This prospective study included HPV-positive patients with or without cervical lesions who underwent follow-up in a private clinic. We calculated the predictive performance of individual tests (cervical cytology, HPV genotyping, CINtecPlus results, and clinical risk factors) or their combination in the prediction of cervical lesion progression, regression, and persistence; (3) Results: The highest predictive performance for the progression of cervical lesions was achieved by a model comprising a Pap smear suggestive of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), the presence of 16/18 HPV strains, a positive p16/Ki67 dual staining result along with the presence of at least three clinical risk factors, which had a sensitivity (Se) of 74.42%, a specificity of 97.92%, an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.961, and an accuracy of 90.65%. The prediction of cervical lesion regression or persistence was modest when using individual or combined tests; (4) Conclusions: Multiple testing or new biomarkers should be used to improve HPV-positive patient surveillance, especially for cervical lesion regression or persistence prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Gisca
- Department of Mother and Child Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.-S.S.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Iulian-Valentin Munteanu
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800216 Galati, Romania;
| | - Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache
- Department of Mother and Child Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.-S.S.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Alina-Sinziana Melinte-Popescu
- Department of Mother and Newborn Care, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, ‘Ștefan cel Mare’ University, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Simona Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Grigore T Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Sadyie Scripcariu
- Department of Mother and Child Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.-S.S.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Raluca-Anca Balan
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Pavaleanu
- Department of Mother and Child Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.-S.S.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Razvan Socolov
- Department of Mother and Child Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.-S.S.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Alexandru Carauleanu
- Department of Mother and Child Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.-S.S.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Constantin Vaduva
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Marian Melinte-Popescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, ‘Ștefan cel Mare’ University, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Ana-Maria Adam
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800216 Galati, Romania;
| | - Gigi Adam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Petronela Vicoveanu
- Department of Mother and Child Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.-S.S.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Demetra Socolov
- Department of Mother and Child Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.-S.S.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (D.S.)
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Viveros-Carreño D, Mora-Soto N, Rodríguez J, Rauh-Hain JA, Ramírez PT, Varón ML, Krause KJ, Grillo-Ardila CF, Jeronimo J, Pareja R. Recurrence After Biopsy-Confirmed Cervical High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesion Followed by Negative Conization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2024; 28:26-31. [PMID: 37924263 PMCID: PMC10840981 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to assess the recurrence rate (as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ [CIN2+]) in patients who had a confirmed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (CIN2-3) in a cervical biopsy specimen followed by a negative conization specimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Ovid/MEDLINE, Ovid/Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception until January 2023. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID number CRD42023393951). The search identified 3,089 articles; 1,530 were removed as duplicates, and 1,559 titles and abstracts were assessed for inclusion. The full text of 26 studies was assessed for eligibility, and finally, 12 studies with 1,036 patients were included. All included studies were retrospective cohort studies. A proportion meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS For patients with negative conization specimens, the recurrence rate as CIN2+ during follow-up was 6% (95% CI, 1.8%-12.1%; I2 = 49.2; p < .0001, 215 patients and 4 studies) in the proportion meta-analysis, ranging from 0.3% to 13.0% for the individual studies. For patients with ≤CIN1 conization specimens, the recurrence rate as CIN2+ during follow-up was 3.6% (95% CI, 1.2%-7%; I2 = 75.1; p < .0001, 991 patients and 10 studies) in the proportion meta-analysis and ranged from 0.6% to 13.0% for the individual studies. CONCLUSIONS The recurrence rate as CIN2+ for patients with a confirmed high-grade intraepithelial lesion on a cervical biopsy followed by a negative conization specimen is 6%. In patients with negative and CIN1 conization specimens, the recurrence rate is 3.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Viveros-Carreño
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Clínica Universitaria Colombia and Centro de Tratamiento e Investigación sobre Cáncer Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo – CTIC. Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Mora-Soto
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica del Cáncer - GICEC, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción Humana, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Alejandro Rauh-Hain
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pedro T. Ramírez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa López Varón
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kate J. Krause
- Research Medical Library, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - René Pareja
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Clínica ASTORGA, Medellín, Colombia
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Thuijs NB, van Beurden M, Duin S, Heideman DAM, Berkhof J, Steenbergen RDM, Bleeker MCG. High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: comprehensive characterization and long-term vulvar carcinoma risk. Histopathology 2024; 84:301-314. [PMID: 37726173 DOI: 10.1111/his.15050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adequate diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and HPV-independent vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is essential but can be challenging. We comprehensively characterized a large population-based series of vulvar lesions, originally reported as high-grade VIN, and assessed the cancer risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Baseline high-grade VIN of 751 patients were categorized by histopathological reassessment, integrating the results of immunohistochemistry (p16INK4a , p53, Ki-67) and HPV DNA testing. Integrated analyses resulted in 88.4% HPV-associated lesions (77.0% HSIL, 10.9% low-grade SIL [LSIL], and 0.4% vulvar squamous cell carcinoma [VSCC]), 10.9% HPV-independent lesions (6.1% HPV-independent VIN, 4.7% nondysplastic lesions, and 0.1% VSCC) and 1.1% inconclusive lesions. HSIL demonstrated p16INK4a block-positivity in 99.0%, increased Ki-67 in ≥2/3rd of the epithelium in 93.6%, and HPV positivity in 99.6%. In HSIL, a p53 wildtype mid-epithelial staining pattern was common (51.6%) while this was not observed in HPV-independent lesions. HPV-independent VIN harboured mutant p53 patterns in 65.2% and showed a wide morphological spectrum, ranging from differentiated to nondifferentiated ('HPV-associated-like', in 41.3%). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed a 10-year cancer risk of 8.0% in HPV-associated HSIL, 67.4% in HPV-independent VIN/p53mutant, and 27.8% in HPV-independent VIN/p53wildtype. Strikingly, the 10-year cancer risk was 73.3% in HPV-independent VIN with nondifferentiated ('HPV-associated-like') morphology. CONCLUSION Immunohistochemistry by p16INK4a and p53 is highly recommended for optimal categorization into HPV-associated and HPV-independent VIN, which is of utmost importance given the different cancer risk. The high cancer risk of HPV-independent VIN underscores the need for surgical treatment and close follow-up, especially in case of a p53 mutant pattern and/or nondifferentiated morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki B Thuijs
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc van Beurden
- Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, CGOA, Gynecology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Duin
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle A M Heideman
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike C G Bleeker
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Borch-Johnsen P, Nygren J, Schmidt PT. Endoscopic underwater detection and resection of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in non-anesthetized patients - a feasibility study and comparison with standard surgical treatment. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:232-238. [PMID: 37842856 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2268229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASILs) correspond to premalignant changes preceding the development of anal squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE To describe a new endoscopic technique to detect and remove ASILs in non-anesthetized patients and compare it with standard surgical treatment. METHODS For endoscopic treatment, high resolution (HR) flexible endoscopes with a distal attachment were used. Underwater inspection of the anal canal was performed in near-focus mode with white light and narrow-band imaging. Detected lesions were resected with a diathermia snare after local injection of xylocaine/adrenaline. We did a retrospective comparison of all patients who underwent endoscopic or standard surgical treatment for ASILs at Ersta hospital in Stockholm between 2018 and 2020. Patient files were reviewed for number of lesions, treatments until macroscopic radicality, degree of dysplasia, bleeding, pain and other complications. RESULTS Endoscopic (n = 37) and surgical (n = 43) treatment displayed comparable number of lesions per patient (p = .37). The number of procedures until macroscopic radicality was higher for endoscopy than surgery (p = .04). However, in endoscopic follow up of 12 of the surgically treated patients, residual ASIL was found in 10 cases. Post-procedural bleeding requiring healthcare occurred in two endoscopy patients and one surgically treated patient. CONCLUSIONS Underwater resection using a HR flexible endoscope in non-anesthetized is a new, feasible and well tolerated method for ASILs treatment. Its efficacy and risk of complications seem comparable to standard surgical treatment while avoiding general anesthesia. However, minor lesions might be overlooked at surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Borch-Johnsen
- Department of Medicine, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nygren
- Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet (KIDS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter T Schmidt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Stolnicu S, Allison D, Patrichi A, Flynn J, Iasonos A, Soslow RA. Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Review of Morphological Appearances Encountered in Human Papillomavirus-associated and Papillomavirus-independent Tumors and Precursor Lesions. Adv Anat Pathol 2024; 31:1-14. [PMID: 37638549 PMCID: PMC10841279 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally. Historically, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was considered necessary for the development of both precursor and invasive epithelial tumors of the cervix; however, studies in the last decade have shown that a significant proportion of cervical carcinomas are HPV-independent (HPVI). The 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Female Genital Tumors separates both squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and endocervical adenocarcinomas (ECAs) by HPV status into HPV-associated (HPVA) and HPVI tumors. The classification further indicates that, in contrast to endocervical adenocarcinomas, HPVI and HPVA SCCs cannot be distinguished by morphological criteria alone and suggests that HPV testing or correlates thereof are required for correct classification. Moreover, while HPVA SCC precursor lesions (ie, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) are well known and characterized, precursors to HPVI SCCs have only been described recently in a small number of cases. We studied 670 cases of SCCs from the International Squamous Cell Carcinoma Project (ISCCP) to analyze the reproducibility of recognition of invasive SCC growth patterns, presence of lymphovascular space invasion, tumor grade, and associations with patient outcomes. Consistent with previous studies, we found histologic growth patterns and tumor types had limited prognostic implications. In addition, we describe the wide morphologic spectrum of HPVA and HPVI SCCs and their precursor lesions, including tumor growth patterns, particular and peculiar morphologic features that can lead to differential diagnoses, and the role of ancillary studies in the diagnosis of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Stolnicu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “Gh E Palade” of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Douglas Allison
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrei Patrichi
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “Gh E Palade” of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Jessica Flynn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Soslow
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Singhartinger F, Gantschnigg A, Holzinger J, Wagner A, Singhartinger J, Koch O, Emmanuel K, Presl J. Safety, feasibility, and short-term-outcome of anal endoscopic submucosal dissection for anal intraepithelial neoplasia: an option for focal lesions? Tech Coloproctol 2023; 28:18. [PMID: 38102514 PMCID: PMC10724311 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) appears in three different stages. AIN 1 and AIN 2 (p16 negative) are defined as low risk and unlikely to progress to invasive anal cancer. AIN 2 (p16 positive) and AIN 3 are of high risk and should be treated because progression rates to anal cancer are around 10% and treatment significantly reduces this risk. The correct treatment is still a matter of debate. Human papilloma virus (HPV) plays a role in the development of AIN. Our aim was to assess anal endoscopic dissection (aESD) as an intervention for AIN3. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent aESD for AIN 3 between December 2017 and March 2023. The interventional technique itself (duration, complications, size of specimen) and patient outcomes (recurrence, progression to anal cancer, re-intervention) were analyzed. RESULTS Fifteen patients with a median age of 52 years (23-78) underwent aESD for AIN 3. All tested specimens were positive for HPV. Median duration of intervention was 56.1 min, one delayed postinterventional bleeding occurred, and specimen size was 12.05 cm2. Median follow-up was 11.17 months. Three recurrences (20%) appeared: one was resected via biopsy and two were again treated with aESD. There was no progression to invasive anal cancer in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Anal endoscopic submucosal dissection seems to be a safe and feasible treatment for AIN. Recurrences are seldom and can be treated again with the same method. Nevertheless, indications for resection in comparison to radiofrequency ablation, pharmacological therapy, and watch-and-wait strategy are still unclear. TRIAL REGISTRATION Ethics commission of Salzburg, Austria, EK-Nr. 1056/2023. Keywords: Endoscopic submucosal dissection, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, anal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Singhartinger
- Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - A Gantschnigg
- Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Holzinger
- Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Wagner
- Department for Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Singhartinger
- Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - O Koch
- Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - K Emmanuel
- Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Presl
- Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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23
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Friedman CF, Ravichandran V, Miller K, Vanderbilt C, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Vivek M, Mishra P, Leitao MM, Broach V, Sonoda Y, Kyi C, Zamarin D, O'Cearbhaill RE, Konner J, Berger MF, Weigelt B, Momeni Boroujeni A, Park KJ, Aghajanian C, Solit DB, Donoghue MT. Assessing the Genomic Landscape of Cervical Cancers: Clinical Opportunities and Therapeutic Targets. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4660-4668. [PMID: 37643132 PMCID: PMC10644000 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor genomic profiling is increasingly used to guide treatment strategy in patients with cancer. We integrated tumor genomic, clinical demographic, and treatment response data to assess how prospective tumor-normal sequencing impacted treatment selection in patients with cervical cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cervical cancers were prospectively analyzed using the MSK-IMPACT (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center - Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets) next-generation sequencing panel. Clinical data, including histology, stage at diagnosis, treatment history, clinical trial enrollment and outcomes, date of last follow-up, and survival status were obtained from medical records. RESULTS A total of 177 patients with cervical cancer (squamous, 69; endocervical adenocarcinoma, 50; gastric type, 22; adenosquamous, 21; and other, 15) underwent MSK-IMPACT testing. The most prevalent genomic alterations were somatic mutations or amplifications in PIK3CA (25%), ERBB2 (12%), KMT2C (10%), and KMT2D (9%). Furthermore, 13% of patients had high tumor mutational burden (TMB >10 mut/Mb), 3 of which were also microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). Thirty-seven percent of cases had at least one potentially actionable alteration designated as a level 3B mutational event according to the FDA-recognized OncoKB tumor mutation database and treatment classification system. A total of 30 patients (17%) were enrolled on a therapeutic clinical trial, including 18 (10%) who were matched with a study based on their MSK-IMPACT results. Twenty patients (11%) participated in an immune checkpoint inhibition study for metastatic disease; 2 remain progression free at >5 years follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Tumor genomic profiling can facilitate the selection of targeted/immunotherapies, as well as clinical trial enrollment, for patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire F. Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Vignesh Ravichandran
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn Miller
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chad Vanderbilt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Malavika Vivek
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pamela Mishra
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mario M. Leitao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Vance Broach
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Yukio Sonoda
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Chrisann Kyi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Roisin E. O'Cearbhaill
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jason Konner
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael F. Berger
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Amir Momeni Boroujeni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kay J. Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David B. Solit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark T.A. Donoghue
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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24
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Wong J, Allwright M, Hruby G, Roberts JM, Carr A, Jin F, Gett R, Meagher AP, Hillman R. Anal cancer: a 20-year retrospective study from Australia. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:2697-2705. [PMID: 37475502 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Anal cancer is an uncommon condition, occurring at higher rates in specific subpopulations. Clinical experience is limited and substantial changes have recently occurred in our understanding of this condition. We, therefore, set out to characterize patients presenting with anal cancer and investigate whether there have been any changes over the past 20 years. METHODS Retrospective audit of cases identified from pathology and clinical databases during the period 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2019. RESULTS Two hundred and sixteen patients had anal squamous cell carcinomas, comprising 160 (74%) males and 56 (26%) females. Mean age at initial diagnosis was 55.1 ± 11.20 for males and 60.6 ± 15.18 for females (P = 0.02). At initial diagnosis, HIV-positive cases were significantly younger than HIV negative cases (mean 52.2 ± 9.35 vs. 62.8 ± 11.61, P < 0.001); 46% of cases were classified as intra-anal, 29% perianal and 25% both; 52% were > 2 cm at diagnosis. At presentation, intra-anal cases were larger and more advanced than perianal cases (P = 0.049). Compared with the period 2000-2009, anal cancers presented more commonly in 2010-2019 (148 vs. 76), were more likely to occur in HIV-negative people and to be diagnosed at a similar stage. CONCLUSION The number of anal cancer cases almost doubled over the study period and people living with HIV presented 10 years younger than others. Perianal cases presented earlier than those originating in intra-anal locations. Together with the large size at diagnosis, this suggests the potential value of screening, particularly for intra-anal cancers in those at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Wong
- Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maggie Allwright
- Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Hruby
- Radiation Oncology, GenesisCare St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Carr
- HIV and Immunology Unit, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fengyi Jin
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rohan Gett
- Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan P Meagher
- Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Hillman
- Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dysplasia and Anal Cancer Services, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Parkin E, Kallipershad S, Nasser A, Al-Mudhaffer M, Rosero D, Haston J, Williamson D, Mitchell P. Predictors of recurrence following local excision for early-stage anal squamous cell carcinoma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:107093. [PMID: 37801832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing use of local excision (LE) for definitive treatment of early-stage anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) to avoid the morbidity associated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, the importance of different histological variables on risk of recurrence is poorly understood. METHODS A detailed analysis of patient characteristics, histology results, recurrence patterns and salvage treatment was conducted in consecutive T1/T2N0 ASCC patients treated by LE 2010-2021 across a UK regional cancer network multi-disciplinary team (MDT). Associations between potential predictors of disease recurrence were explored using chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests for categorical and continuous variables respectively. RESULTS Of 621 ASCC patients discussed in the network MDT, 164 had early-stage disease (T1/T2 N0). Of these, 36 (22%) were deemed suitable for LE (median age 61 years, female to male ratio 2:1). Twenty-two LE tumours were T1; 14 were T2. There were 12 well-differentiated tumours, 21 moderate and 3 poorly-differentiated. Seven out of 36 LE patients (19.4%) developed recurrence, all of whom went on to have salvage treatment with CRT (n = 4), re-excision (n = 2) or radiotherapy (n = 1). Predictors of disease recurrence following LE were: tumour differentiation (p = 0.024), tumour depth (p = 0.033) and R1 resection margin (p = 0.034). Tumour stage and site (margin/canal) were non-significant. CONCLUSION LE for T1/T2 N0 ASCC of the margin or canal is a viable treatment strategy to avoid the morbidity associated with CRT and salvage treatments are still available for patients that develop recurrence. Tumour differentiation, depth and margin status are all important factors to consider when discussing management of early-stage ASCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Parkin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom; Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - S Kallipershad
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - A Nasser
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - M Al-Mudhaffer
- Department of Histopathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - D Rosero
- Department of Histopathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - J Haston
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - D Williamson
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - P Mitchell
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom
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26
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Vaziri Fard E, Zare SY, Fadare O. GATA3 Expression in HPV-associated and HPV-independent Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Patterns of Expression and Prognostic Significance. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:661-667. [PMID: 37779309 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Substantial diminution or loss of GATA3 expression is reportedly frequent in human papillomavirus-independent (HPVI), p53-mediated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Herein, we study GATA3 expression in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and assess its clinicopathologic significance. Eighty-six cases of VSCC diagnosed at a single institution were immunohistochemically assessed for their expression of GATA3, as well as any possible relationships with patient outcomes and other clinicopathologic parameters. Given that GATA3 expression pattern in the normal vulvar epidermis is typically strong basal staining with a uniform upward extension until at least the mid epidermal layers, VSCCs were scored using a previously reported tripattern system: pattern 0 (>75% tumor staining), pattern 1 (25% to 75% staining), and pattern 2 (<25% staining). Severe loss of GATA3 expression (pattern 2) was present in both human papillomavirus-associated (HPVA) and HPVI VSCC but was significantly more common in HPVI cases ( P <0.001). Among 52 HPVA VSCCs, 16 (30.7%), 15 (28.8%), and 21 (40.3%) cases showed patterns 0, 1, 2 staining whereas among 34 HPVI VSCCs, the respective frequencies were 1 (2.9%), 5 (14.7%), and 28 (82.3%). None of the 30 p53 abnormal VSCCs showed pattern 0 staining (0%). Five (16.6%) and 25 (83.3%) showed patterns 1 and 2 staining, respectively. On univariate analysis, the pattern 2 cohort showed a significantly worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than the pattern 0 or 1 cohort ( P =0.011 and 0.024, respectively), but this finding was not independent of stage on multivariate analysis ( P =0.34; hazard ratio: 1.82; 95% CI: 0.55-6.06). Subgroup analysis of the p53 wild-type cases showed significantly worse OS for pattern 2 than the pattern 0 or 1 cohorts, independent of stage ( P =0.04; hazard ratio: 6.5; 95% CI: 1.08-39.8). Subgroup analysis of p53 abnormal cases, however, showed no difference in OS and DFS among the 3-tiered GATA3 cohorts. In summary, loss of GATA3 may be seen in both HPVA and HPVI VSCCs but is significantly more common in HPVI SCCs. Loss or substantial diminution of GATA3 expression (pattern 2) is a negative prognostic factor in vulvar SCCs, but only in the p53 wild-type subset, where its negative prognostic significance appears to be independent of stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Vaziri Fard
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
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27
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Azzi PA, Bastos Russomano F, de Andrade CV, de Camargo MJ, Moskovics Jordão P. Frequency of post-treatment disease after excisional procedure in stage IA1 squamous cervical carcinoma - a case series. Women Health 2023; 63:747-755. [PMID: 37779317 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2023.2264398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Early stages of cervical cancer in young women need conservative treatments. Electrosurgical therapies (LLETZ, LEEP, SWETZ, NETZ) have been recommended for these women. However, there are recommendations to perform a second excision when the specimen margins are not free of disease. This can lead to some important complications. This article aims to verify the frequency of residual invasive or microinvasive disease after the excisional procedure in women with IA1CC. Data on women with IA1CC diagnosed between 1990 and 2022, were retrieved from medical records. Post-treatment disease was detected during a second surgical procedure or postoperative follow-up. Among the 69 included women, three (4.3 percent; CI95 percent 0-9.2) had residual microinvasive lesions, while none showed invasive disease during a second procedure or follow-up. Only the age of 37 years or more was significantly related to the presence of preinvasive or microinvasive residual lesions. Nearly 80 percent of the women who underwent a second procedure showed no residual lesions. The absence of invasive disease in a second procedure or during the follow-up of these women and the large proportion of women with no residual lesion questions the need for a new surgical procedure even when the surgical margins of the initial specimen are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Abreu Azzi
- Women's Health Care Area, Colposcopy Unit, Institute of Woman, Child and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Bastos Russomano
- Women's Health Care Area, Colposcopy Unit, Institute of Woman, Child and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Vianna de Andrade
- Laboratory of Pathology and Cytopathology, Institute of Woman, Child and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria José de Camargo
- Women's Health Care Area, Colposcopy Unit, Institute of Woman, Child and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Moskovics Jordão
- Women's Health Care Area, Colposcopy Unit, Institute of Woman, Child and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mazurec K, Trzeszcz M, Mazurec M, Streb J, Halon A, Jach R. Triage Strategies for Non-16/Non-18 HPV-Positive Women in Primary HPV-Based Cervical Cancer Screening: p16/Ki67 Dual Stain vs. Cytology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5095. [PMID: 37894462 PMCID: PMC10605570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of primary HPV cervical cancer screening, the identification of minor screening abnormalities necessitates triage tests to optimize management and mitigate overtreatment. Currently, reflex cytology and reflex p16/Ki67 dual-stain (DS) are under scrutiny for their applicability in primary HPV-based screening. However, there remains a dearth of comprehensive data for comparing their performance. METHODS Among 30,066 results from liquid-based cervical cancer screening tests, a cohort of 332 cases was meticulously selected based on available high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) test results, limited genotyping for HPV 16 and 18, liquid-based cytology, DS, and histology outcomes from standardized colposcopy with biopsy. For cases positive for 12 other high-risk HPV genotypes, three retrospective triage approaches were analyzed. We computed the positive predictive value (PPV) for the detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+). RESULTS Both triage models employing DS (reflex cytology followed by DS and reflex DS alone in all cases) exhibited significantly higher PPV for HSIL+ compared to the strategy with reflex cytology alone (35.9%/33.3% vs. 18.8%; p < 0.0001). Additionally, these DS-based models showed higher negative predictive values (NPV) (100%/96.2% vs. 69.2%; p = 0.0024/0.0079). In the DS-inclusive models, fewer colposcopies were necessitated (103/102 vs. 154), and fewer cases of HSIL+ were overlooked (0/3 vs. 8). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that p16/Ki67 dual-stain, either as a standalone or combined triage test, holds promise for the effective detection of HSIL+ in patients with minor screening abnormalities in primary HPV-based cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Mazurec
- Corfamed Woman’s Health Center, Kluczborska 37, 50-322 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Martyna Trzeszcz
- Corfamed Woman’s Health Center, Kluczborska 37, 50-322 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, University Hospital in Wroclaw, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Mazurec
- Corfamed Woman’s Health Center, Kluczborska 37, 50-322 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Streb
- Department of Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 50, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Halon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Robert Jach
- Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 23, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
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Ramírez AT, Valls J, Baena A, Rojas FD, Ramírez K, Álvarez R, Cristaldo C, Henríquez O, Moreno A, Reynaga DC, Palma HG, Robinson I, Hernández DC, Bardales R, Cardinal L, Salgado Y, Martínez S, González E, Guillén D, Fleider L, Tatti S, Villagra V, Venegas G, Cruz-Valdez A, Valencia M, Rodríguez G, Terán C, Picconi MA, Ferrera A, Kasamatsu E, Mendoza L, Calderon A, Luciani S, Broutet N, Darragh T, Almonte M, Herrero R. Performance of cervical cytology and HPV testing for primary cervical cancer screening in Latin America: an analysis within the ESTAMPA study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 26:100593. [PMID: 37766799 PMCID: PMC10520426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Cervical cytology remains widely used as the initial tool in cervical cancer screening worldwide. WHO guidelines recommend replacing cytology with primary HPV testing to reach cervical cancer elimination goals. We assessed the performance of cytology and high-risk HPV testing to detect cervical precancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) among women aged 30-64 years participating in the ESTAMPA study. Methods Women were screened with cytology and HPV across ESTAMPA study centres in Latin America. Screen-positives were referred to colposcopy with biopsy collection and treatment as needed. Those with no evident precancer were recalled at 18-months for a second HPV test to complete disease ascertainment. Performance indicators for cytology and HPV to detect CIN3+ were estimated. Findings 30,606 participants with available cytology and HPV results were included in the analysis. A total of 440 histologically confirmed CIN3s and 30 cancers were diagnosed. Cytology sensitivity for CIN3+ was 48.5% (95% CI: 44.0-53.0), whereas HPV testing had a sensitivity of 98.1% (95% CI: 96.3-96.7). Specificity was 96.5% (95% CI: 96.3-96.7) using cytology and 88.7% (95% CI: 88.3-89.0) with HPV. Performance estimates varied substantially by study centre for cytology (ranging from 32.1% to 87.5% for sensitivity and from 89.2% to 99.5% for specificity) while for HPV results were more consistent across sites (96.7%-100% and 83.6-90.8%, respectively). Interpretation The limited and highly variable sensitivity of cytology strongly supports transition to the more robust and reproducible HPV-based cervical screening to ensure progress towards global cervical cancer elimination targets in Latin America. Funding IARC/WHO, UNDP, HRP/WHO, NCI and local funders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianis Tatiana Ramírez
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Joan Valls
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Armando Baena
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Freddy David Rojas
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), Región Pacífico Central, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Katherine Ramírez
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), Región Pacífico Central, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), Región Pacífico Central, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Carmen Cristaldo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - Adrián Moreno
- Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daysi Colque Reynaga
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Hans González Palma
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | | | - Diana Carolina Hernández
- Laboratorio de citología, IPS Universitaria, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rosa Bardales
- Departamento Laboratorio Clínico y Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Perú
| | - Lucia Cardinal
- Hospital de Clínicas, Jose de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yuly Salgado
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Emmanuel González
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Departamento de Patología, Hospital Dr. Enrique Baltodano Briceño, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación Inciensa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Diego Guillén
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación Inciensa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Departamento de Patología, Hospital Max Peralta, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Laura Fleider
- Hospital de Clínicas, Jose de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvio Tatti
- Hospital de Clínicas, Jose de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Gino Venegas
- Clínica Angloamericana, Lima, Perú
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad de Piura, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Marleny Valencia
- Laboratorio de citología, IPS Universitaria, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Carolina Terán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | | | - Annabelle Ferrera
- Instituto de Infecciones en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Elena Kasamatsu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Laura Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Alejandro Calderon
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), Región Pacífico Central, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Silvana Luciani
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nathalie Broutet
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research (SRH), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Darragh
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maribel Almonte
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research (SRH), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación Inciensa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
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Ramos-Cartagena JM, Keller K, Guiot HM, Muñoz C, Colón-López V, Deshmukh AA, Suárez EL, Tirado-Gómez M, Ortiz AP. Evaluating the performance of anal cytology and high-risk HPV genotyping for detecting anal HSIL in a clinic-based sample of people living with and without HIV in Puerto Rico. Cancer Cytopathol 2023; 131:655-664. [PMID: 37358055 PMCID: PMC10650567 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the disproportionately elevated anal cancer risk in high-risk populations, it is important to assess the performance of commonly used anal cancer screening tools to improve the effectiveness of detection and treatment methods. This study evaluates 1) the concordance between anal cytology and histology results and 2) the performance of cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotyping as screening tools for detecting histologically confirmed anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). METHODS Data from the Anal Neoplasia Clinic in Puerto Rico (2014-2021; n = 466) was used. The clinical performance of anal cytology and HR-HPV genotyping to detect HSIL was compared to the gold standard: high-resolution anoscopy-guided biopsy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and κ coefficients were calculated. RESULTS A total of 66.95% of the patients were men, 74.0% were people living with HIV, 76.2% had anal HR-HPV infection, and 40.34% had histologically confirmed anal HSIL. The weighted κ statistic between the tests (cytology and histology) was 0.25 (p < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of cytology alone to detect anal HSIL were 84.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.3%-89.1%) and 36.0% (95% CI, 30.3%-42.0%), respectively. Anal HR-HPV genotyping had higher sensitivity (92.2%; 95% CI, 87.4%-95.6%) and similar specificity (34.8%; 95% CI, 29.2%-40.7%) compared to cytology. The two tests combined (positive results following cytology or HR-HPV test) improved sensitivity to detect anal HSIL (97.9%; 95% CI, 94.8%-99.4%), but specificity was compromised (19.2%; 95% CI, 14.7%-24.4%). CONCLUSION Although HR-HPV genotyping improved the detection of anal HSIL, HR-HPV testing had lower specificity than anal cytology alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Humberto M. Guiot
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Cristina Muñoz
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Vivian Colón-López
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Ashish A. Deshmukh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Erick L. Suárez
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maribel Tirado-Gómez
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Ana Patricia Ortiz
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Al Shboul S, El-Sadoni M, Alhesa A, Abu Shahin N, Abuquteish D, Abu Al Karsaneh O, Alsharaiah E, Ismail MA, Tyutyunyk-Massey L, Alotaibi MR, Neely V, Harada H, Saleh T. NOXA expression is downregulated in human breast cancer undergoing incomplete pathological response and senescence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15903. [PMID: 37741850 PMCID: PMC10517932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a frequently utilized approach to treat locally advanced breast cancer, but, unfortunately, a subset of tumors fails to undergo complete pathological response. Apoptosis and therapy-induced senescence (TIS) are both cell stress mechanisms but their exact role in mediating the pathological response to NAC is not fully elucidated. We investigated the change in expression of PAMIP1, the gene encoding for the pro-apoptotic protein, NOXA, following NAC in two breast cancer gene datasets, and the change in NOXA protein expression in response to NAC in 55 matched patient samples (pre- and post-NAC). PAMIP1 expression significantly declined in post-NAC in the two sets, and in our cohort, 75% of the samples exhibited a downregulation in NOXA post-NAC. Matched samples that showed a decline in NOXA post-NAC were examined for TIS based on a signature of downregulated expression of Lamin-B1 and Ki-67 and increased p16INK4a, and the majority exhibited a decrease in Lamin B1 (66%) and Ki-67 (80%), and increased p16INK4a (49%). Since our cohort consisted of patients that did not develop complete pathological response, such findings have clinical implications on the role of TIS and NOXA downregulation in mediating suboptimal responses to the currently established NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Mohammed El-Sadoni
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Alhesa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Abu Shahin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Dua Abuquteish
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Ola Abu Al Karsaneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Elham Alsharaiah
- Department of Pathology, King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Service, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | | | | | - Moureq R Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victoria Neely
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
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Taghavi K, Zhao F, Downham L, Baena A, Basu P. Molecular triaging options for women testing HPV positive with self-collected samples. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1243888. [PMID: 37810963 PMCID: PMC10560038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1243888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We review developments in molecular triaging options for women who test positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) on self-collected samples in the context of cervical cancer elimination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends hrHPV screening as the primary test for cervical screening due to its high sensitivity compared to other screening tests. However, when hrHPV testing is used alone for treatment decisions, a proportion of women of childbearing age receive unnecessary treatments. This provides the incentive to optimize screening regimes to minimize the risk of overtreatment in women of reproductive age. Molecular biomarkers can potentially enhance the accuracy and efficiency of screening and triage. HrHPV testing is currently the only screening test that allows triage with molecular methods using the same sample. Additionally, offering self-collected hrHPV tests to women has been reported to increase screening coverage. This creates an opportunity to focus health resources on linking screen-positive women to diagnosis and treatment. Adding an additional test to the screening algorithm (a triage test) may improve the test's positive predictive value (PPV) and offer a better balance of benefits and risks for women. Conventional triage methods like cytology and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) cannot be performed on self-collected samples and require additional clinic visits and subjective interpretations. Molecular triaging using methods like partial and extended genotyping, methylation tests, detection of E6/E7 proteins, and hrHPV viral load in the same sample as the hrHPV test may improve the prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and invasive cancer, offering more precise, efficient, and cost-effective screening regimes. More research is needed to determine if self-collected samples are effective and cost-efficient for diverse populations and in comparison to other triage methods. The implementation of molecular triaging could improve screening accuracy and reduce the need for multiple clinical visits. These important factors play a crucial role in achieving the global goal of eliminating cervical cancer as a public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Taghavi
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Fanghui Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Laura Downham
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Armando Baena
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Stuebs FA, Dietl AK, Koch MC, Adler W, Geppert CI, Hartmann A, Knöll A, Mehlhorn G, Beckmann MW, Schulmeyer CE, Heindl F, Emons J, Seibold A, Behrens AS, Gass P. Cytology and HPV Co-Testing for Detection of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4633. [PMID: 37760600 PMCID: PMC10526267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) is a rare premalignant disease caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Diagnosing VaIN is challenging; abnormal cytology and positive HPV tests are usually the first signs, but published data on their accuracy for detecting it are rare and contradictory. The aim of this study is to compare the results of hrHPV and cytology co-testing with the histological findings of the vagina. (2) Methods: In the certified Dysplasia Unit at Erlangen University Hospital, cytology and HPV samples from the uterine cervix or vaginal wall after hysterectomy were obtained between 2015 and 2023 and correlated with histological findings in biopsies from the vaginal wall. Women without vaginal biopsy findings or concomitant cervical disease were excluded. (3) Results: In all, 279 colposcopies in 209 women were included. The histological results were: benign (n = 86), VaIN I/vLSIL (n = 116), VaIN II/vHSIL (n = 41), VaIN III/vHSIL (n = 33), and carcinoma (n = 3). Accuracy for detecting VaIN was higher in women with previous hysterectomies. Positive HPV testing during colposcopy increased the likelihood for VaIN II/III/vHSIL threefold. The detection rate for VaIN III/vHSIL was 50% after hysterectomy and 36.4% without hysterectomy. (4) Conclusions: Women with risk factors for VaIN, including HPV-16 infection or prior HPV-related disease, need careful work-up of the entire vaginal wall. Hysterectomy for HPV-related disease and a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) also increased the risk for VaIN II/III/vHSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik A. Stuebs
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21–23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna K. Dietl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21–23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin C. Koch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital ANregiomed Ansbach, Escherichstrasse 1, 91522 Ansbach, Germany;
| | - Werner Adler
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol Immanuel Geppert
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstrasse 8–10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstrasse 8–10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antje Knöll
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Grit Mehlhorn
- Gynecology Consultancy Practice, German Cancer Society (DKG) and Committee on Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (AG-CPC) Certified Gynecological Dysplasia Consultancy Practice, Frauenarztpraxis Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21–23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carla E. Schulmeyer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21–23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Heindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21–23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julius Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21–23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Seibold
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21–23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika S. Behrens
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21–23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Gass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21–23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Zare SY, Fard EV, Fadare O. GATA3 immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic adjunct for differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: utility and limitations. Hum Pathol 2023; 139:55-64. [PMID: 37454993 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the authors evaluate the diagnostic utility and limitations of GATA3 immunohistochemistry for the distinction of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) from its potential mimics. Immunohistochemical studies for GATA3, p53, and p16 were performed on 124 pathologic vulvar tissues, inclusive of dVIN (n = 21), vulvar aberrant maturation (n = 10), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (n = 44), and 49 non-neoplastic vulvar dermatoses of various types. GATA3 expression was scored using a modification of previously proposed criteria: pattern 0 (no significant loss of basal layer staining, >75% staining), pattern 1 (25-75% staining), and pattern 2 (<25% staining). With the exception of lichen sclerosus, 8% of which showed pattern 1 or 2 staining, all other non-neoplastic lesions showed pattern 0 expression. Aberrant GATA3 expression (i.e., patterns 1 or 2) was present in 90% of dVIN cases (2 [9.5%], 3 [14.3%], 16 [76.2%] with patterns 0, 1, and 2 respectively), 90% of vulvar aberrant maturation cases (1 [10%],7 [70%], 2 [20%] with patterns 0, 1, and 2 respectively), and 15.9% of HSIL cases (84.1% pattern 0; 2.3% pattern 1; 13.6% pattern 2). All HSIL cases were p16 positive, including the 7 pattern 1 and 2 cases. All cases of dVIN-like HSIL were pattern 0, and all (n = 2) cases of HSIL-like (basaloid) dVIN were pattern 2 (both of the latter cases displayed complete absence of epidermal staining). Only 1 dVIN case was both pattern 0 and p53-wild-type. We conclude that GATA3 is useful for the distinction of dVIN from non-neoplastic dermatoses and from HSIL, but is best used as part of a panel that includes p53 and p16 to mitigate its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Y Zare
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elmira Vaziri Fard
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Janczewski LM, Faski J, Nelson H, Gollub MJ, Eng C, Brierley JD, Palefsky JM, Goldberg RM, Washington MK, Asare EA, Goodman KA. Survival outcomes used to generate version 9 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for anal cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2023; 73:516-523. [PMID: 37114458 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for all cancer sites, including anal cancer, is the standard for cancer staging in the United States. The AJCC staging criteria are dynamic, and periodic updates are conducted to optimize AJCC staging definitions through a panel of experts charged with evaluating new evidence to implement changes. With greater availability of large data sets, the AJCC has since restructured and updated its processes, incorporating prospectively collected data to validate stage group revisions in the version 9 AJCC staging system, including anal cancer. Survival analysis using AJCC eighth edition staging guidelines revealed a lack of hierarchical order in which stage IIIA anal cancer was associated with a better prognosis than stage IIB disease, suggesting that, for anal cancer, tumor (T) category has a greater effect on survival than lymph node (N) category. Accordingly, version 9 stage groups have been appropriately adjusted to reflect contemporary long-term outcomes. This article highlights the changes to the now published AJCC staging system for anal cancer, which: (1) redefined stage IIB as T1-T2N1M0 disease, (2) redefined stage IIIA as T3N0-N1M0 disease, and (3) eliminated stage 0 disease from its guidelines altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Janczewski
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- American College of Surgeons Cancer Programs, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph Faski
- American College of Surgeons Cancer Programs, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Heidi Nelson
- American College of Surgeons Cancer Programs, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marc J Gollub
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cathy Eng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James D Brierley
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel M Palefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Richard M Goldberg
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elliot A Asare
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karyn A Goodman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Ferreira AL, Dibe ND, de Paiva BR, Portari EA, Dock DCDA, Ferreira NVC, Gomes SC, Russomano FB, de Andrade CV. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 2 biopsy: Do p16INK4a and Ki-67 biomarkers contribute to the decision to treat? A cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2023; 142:e2022527. [PMID: 37646766 PMCID: PMC10452003 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0527.r2.280423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) is challenging, considering the CIN2 regression rate, perinatal risks associated with excisional procedures, and insufficient well-established risk factors to predict progression. OBJECTIVES To determine the ability of p16INK4a and Ki-67 staining in biopsies diagnosed with CIN2 to identify patients with higher-grade lesions (CIN3 or carcinoma). DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study conducted at a referral center for treating uterine cervical lesions. METHODS In 79 women, we analyzed the correlation of p16INK4a and Ki-67 expression in CIN2 biopsies with the presence of a higher-grade lesions, as determined via histopathology in surgical specimens from treated women or via two colposcopies and two cytological tests during follow-up for untreated women with at least a 6-month interval. The expression of these two biomarkers was verified by at least two independent pathologists and quantified using digital algorithms. RESULTS Thirteen (16.8%) women with CIN2 biopsy exhibited higher-grade lesions on the surgical excision specimen or during follow-up. p16INK4a expression positively and negatively predicted the presence of higher-grade lesions in 17.19% and 86.67% patients, respectively. Ki-67 expression positively and negatively predicted the presence of higher-grade lesions in 40% and 88.24% patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Negative p16INK4a and Ki67 immunohistochemical staining can assure absence of a higher-grade lesion in more than 85% of patients with CIN2 biopsies and can be used to prevent overtreatment of these patients. Positive IHC staining for p16INK4a and Ki-67 did not predict CIN3 in patients with CIN2 biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leal Ferreira
- MSc. Biomedical and PhD Student, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Nasle Domingues Dibe
- MD. Gynecologist, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Bruna Rodrigues de Paiva
- MD. Postgraduate Student in Nutrology, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Elyzabeth Avvad Portari
- MD, MSc, PhD. Pathologist, Researcher in Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Dione Corrêa de Araújo Dock
- MD. Physician and Pathologist, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Nilma Valéria Caldeira Ferreira
- BSc. Immunohistochemistry Technician, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Saint Clair Gomes
- BSc, PhD. Researcher in Clinical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Fábio Bastos Russomano
- MD, MSc, PhD. Gynecologist, Center for the Clinical and Surgical Care of Women, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Cecília Vianna de Andrade
- MD, MSc, PhD. Pathologist, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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Burgos J, Campany D, Garcia J, Landolfi S, Falcó V, Curran A. Effectiveness of topical cidofovir for treatment of refractory anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. AIDS 2023; 37:1425-1429. [PMID: 37195272 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ablative electrocautery is effective treating anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). However, persistence or recurrence of the HSIL despite ablative sessions is not uncommon. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of topical cidofovir as salvage therapy for the management of refractory HSIL. DESIGN A prospective uncontrolled unicenter study of men and transgender people who have sex with men with HIV who had a refractory intra-anal HSIL after ablative treatments and who received topical cidofovir (ointment at 1%, auto-applicated, three times a week, a total of 8 weeks) as salvage therapy. Effectiveness was evaluated on-treatment defining response as resolution or regression to low-grade lesion of HSIL in the biopsy posttreatment. Tolerance and recurrences were recorded. RESULTS From 2017 to 2022, 23 patients with refractory intra-anal HSIL (78.3% persistent lesions, 39% affecting > 50% of circumference, and a median of six previous ablative sessions) were treated with topical cidofovir. A response was observed in 16 of 23 patients [69.5% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 50.8-88.4)]. Local tolerance was reported as regular or bad in 13 patients (52.2%), requiring modification of the treatment in eight patients (three early discontinuation and five dose reduction). Non-serious side effects were reported. After a median follow-up of 30.3 months, two of the 16 patients with a response developed recurrent HSIL [recurrence rate, 25.4% at 12 months (95% CI, 0-35)]. CONCLUSION Topical cidofovir could be a good option in the management of anal HSIL due to its good effectiveness, low recurrence rate, and acceptable tolerance even in difficult-to-treat lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefania Landolfi
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Fazlollahpour-Naghibi A, Bagheri K, Almukhtar M, Taha SR, Zadeh MS, Moghadam KB, Tadi MJ, Rouholamin S, Razavi M, Sepidarkish M, Rostami A. Trichomonas vaginalis infection and risk of cervical neoplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288443. [PMID: 37437068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The evidence in the literature regarding the relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection and cervical neoplasia is conflicting. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the risk of cervical neoplasia associated with TV infection. METHODS A meta-analysis of observational studies, which provided raw data on the association of TV infection with cervical neoplasia, was performed. For this aim, we searched scientific databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, the Web of Sciences, and Embase) from inception to March 15, 2023. A random-effects model was applied by Stata 17.0 to calculate the pooled and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), including subgroup, sensitivity, and cumulative analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Of the 2584 records initially identified, 35 eligible studies contributed data for 67,856 women with cervical neoplasia, and 933,697 healthy controls from 14 countries were included. The pooled (2.15; 1.61-2.87; I2 = 87.7%) and adjusted (2.17; 1.82-2.60; I2 = 31.27%) ORs indicated a significant positive association between TV infection and the development of cervical neoplasia. There was no significant change in pooled and adjusted ORs by applying sensitivity and cumulative analyses, indicating the robustness of our findings. The pooled OR was significant in most sub-group analyses. There was no publication bias in the included studies. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that women with a TV infection are at significantly greater risk of cervical neoplasia. Future research, particularly longitudinal and experimental studies, should be done to better understand the various aspects of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andarz Fazlollahpour-Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kimia Bagheri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Behzad Moghadam
- Independent Researcher, Former University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Mehrdad Jafari Tadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoura Rouholamin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Razavi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Willows K, Selk A, Auclair MH, Jim B, Jumah N, Nation J, Proctor L, Iazzi M, Bentley J. 2023 Canadian Colposcopy Guideline: A Risk-Based Approach to Management and Surveillance of Cervical Dysplasia. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5738-5768. [PMID: 37366914 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30060431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This guideline provides evidence-based guidance on the risk-based management of cervical dysplasia in the colposcopy setting in the context of primary HPV-based screening and HPV testing in colposcopy. Colposcopy management of special populations is also discussed. The guideline was developed by a working group in collaboration with the Gynecologic Oncology Society of Canada (GOC), Society of Colposcopists of Canada (SCC) and the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CPAC). The literature informing these guidelines was obtained through a systematic review of the relevant literature via a multi-step search process led by information specialists. The literature was reviewed up to June 2021 with manual searches of relevant national guidelines and more recent publications. Quality of the evidence and strength of recommendations was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. The intended users of this guideline include gynecologists, colposcopists, screening programs and healthcare facilities. Implementation of the recommendations is intended to promote equitable and standardized care for all people undergoing colposcopy in Canada. The risk-based approach aims to improve personalized care and reduce over-/under-treatment in colposcopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Willows
- Nova Scotia Cancer Centre, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Amanda Selk
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Auclair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, CIUSSS de l'Est de l'Île de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Brent Jim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Allan Blair Cancer Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Naana Jumah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jill Nation
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lily Proctor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Melissa Iazzi
- The Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada (GOC), Ottawa, ON K1H 8K3, Canada
| | - James Bentley
- Nova Scotia Cancer Centre, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Yang H, Almadani N, Thompson EF, Tessier-Cloutier B, Chen J, Ho J, Senz J, McConechy MK, Chow C, Ta M, Cheng A, Karnezis A, Huvila J, McAlpine JN, Gilks B, Jamieson A, Hoang LN. Classification of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Precursor Lesions by p16 and p53 Immunohistochemistry: Considerations, Caveats, and an Algorithmic Approach. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100145. [PMID: 36828360 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) can be prognostically subclassified into 3 groups based on human papillomavirus (HPV) and p53 status: HPV-associated (HPV+), HPV-independent/p53 wild-type (HPV-/p53wt), or HPV-independent/p53 abnormal (HPV-/p53abn). Our goal was to assess the feasibility of separating VSCC and its precursors into these 3 groups using p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC). A tissue microarray containing 225 VSCC, 43 usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN/HSIL), 10 verruciform acanthotic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (vaVIN), and 34 differentiated VIN (dVIN), was stained for p16 and p53. Noncomplementary p16 and p53 patterns were resolved by repeating p53 IHC and HPV RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) on whole sections, and sequencing for TP53. Of 82 p16-positive VSCC, 73 (89%) had complementary p16 and p53 patterns and were classified into the HPV+ group, 4 (4.9%) had wild-type p53 staining, positive HPV ISH and were classified into the HPV+ group, whereas 5 (6.1%) had p53 abnormal IHC patterns (1 null, 4 overexpression), negativity for HPV ISH, and harbored TP53 mutations (1 splice site, 4 missense); they were classified as HPV-/p53abn. Of 143 p16-negative VSCC, 142 (99.3%) had complementary p53 and p16 patterns: 115 (80.4%) HPV-/p53abn and 27 (18.9%) HPV-/p53wt. One had a basal-sparing p53 pattern, positivity for HPV ISH and was negative for TP53 mutations-HPV+ category. The use of IHC also led to revised diagnoses-HSIL to dVIN (3/43), dVIN to vaVIN (8/34), and dVIN to HSIL (3/34). Overall, 215/225 VSCC (95.6%) could be easily classifiable into 3 groups with p16 and p53 IHC. We identified several caveats, with the major caveat being that "double-positive" p16/p53 should be classified as HPV-/p53abn. We propose an algorithm that will facilitate the application of p16 and p53 IHC to classify VSCC in pathology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Noorah Almadani
- Department of Pathology, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emily F Thompson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Julia Chen
- Medical Undergraduate Program, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie Ho
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center (GPEC) and Molecular and Advanced Pathology Core (MAPcore), British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janine Senz
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Christine Chow
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center (GPEC) and Molecular and Advanced Pathology Core (MAPcore), British Columbia, Canada
| | - Monica Ta
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center (GPEC) and Molecular and Advanced Pathology Core (MAPcore), British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Cheng
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center (GPEC) and Molecular and Advanced Pathology Core (MAPcore), British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony Karnezis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, California
| | - Jutta Huvila
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica N McAlpine
- Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Blake Gilks
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center (GPEC) and Molecular and Advanced Pathology Core (MAPcore), British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy Jamieson
- Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lynn N Hoang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center (GPEC) and Molecular and Advanced Pathology Core (MAPcore), British Columbia, Canada.
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Plotzker RE, Vaidya A, Pokharel U, Stier EA. Sexually Transmitted Human Papillomavirus: Update in Epidemiology, Prevention, and Management. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2023; 37:289-310. [PMID: 37105644 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention, and management of sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) and its associated diseases. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Prevalence varies regionally. Low-risk strains cause anogenital warts, which can be managed with patient- or provider-applied therapies. High-risk strains cause lower anogenital cancers. Primary and secondary prevention strategies include vaccination and screening for precancerous lesions, respectively. Management of abnormal screening results vary by test result, anatomic site, and individual cancer risk. Approaches include close rescreening, high-resolution visualization with biopsy, and-when biopsy-proven precancer is identified-removal or destruction of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn E Plotzker
- California Prevention Training Center, University of California San Francisco, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health 490 Illinois Street, 10th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, Mission Hall: Global Health and Clinical Sciences, Box 0560 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Akanksha Vaidya
- California Prevention Training Center, University of California San Francisco, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health 490 Illinois Street, 10th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Utsav Pokharel
- California Emerging Infections Program, HPV Impact, 360 22nd Street #750, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stier
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 771 Albany Street, Dowling 4, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Ricci C, Dika E, Corti B, Lambertini M, Ambrosi F, Cappilli S, Grillini M, Filippo GD, Franchini E, Maloberti T, Fiorentino M, Tallini G, Biase DD. "Paradoxical" p16 overexpression in cutaneous melanoma: Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis of a rare phenomenon with a focus on cell cycle regulatory molecules. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154564. [PMID: 37235909 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most relevant genetic alterations in cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the biallelic inactivation/loss-of-heterozygosis (LOH) of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 A (CDKN2A), which results in the immunohistochemical loss of p16 frequently found in CM. However, we recently described a rare case of dermal/deep-seated melanoma arising in giant congenital nevus (DDM-GCN) with p16 overexpression combined with p53 loss and tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation. Herein, we reported a case series of CM with p16 overexpression and analyzed their clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical expression of the cell cycle regulatory molecules (CCRM: p53, p21, Cyclin D1, Rb), and mutational landscape. METHODS We retrospectively tested for p16 all cases of CM diagnosed at our institution between January 1st 2019-April 1st 2022. In CM with p16 overexpression, we reported clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical results for melanocytic markers and CCRM, and mutational landscape investigated with a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. In cases with zonal p16 overexpression, the immunohistochemical assessment for melanocytic markers and CCRM, as well as the NGS analysis have been performed in both components {with and without p16 overexpression [p16(+)c and p16(-)]}. RESULTS Overexpression of p16 was found in 10/2879 (0.35%) CM [5/10 (50%) diffuse and 5/10 (50%) zonal]. We combined the immunohistochemical results for CCRM and molecular data to classify the cases as follows: a) Group 1 with altered expression of at least one CCRM but no TP53 mutations [3/10 (30%), all with Rb altered/lost]; b) Group 2 with altered expression of at least one CCRM and TP53 mutations [4/10 (40%), all with p53 altered]; c) Group 3 with normal expression of CCRM and no TP53 mutations [3/10 (30%), all with mutations in MAPK pathway genes (NRAS and BRAF)]. In CM with zonal p16 overexpression, the histologic appearance of p16(+)c was heterogeneous, whereas combining CCRM profiles and molecular data the cases could be categorized as follows: a) cases with the same CCRM and molecular profiles in both p16(+)c and p16(-)c; b) cases with p16(+)c showing additional genetic mutations and/or modifications of CCRM expression. CONCLUSIONS p16 overexpression is a rare event, occurring in advanced-stage, clinically- and histologically-heterogeneous CM. These lesions may be classified into three different groups based on CCRM expression and mutational profiles (including TP53 mutation). The analysis of CM with zonal p16 overexpression suggests that, at least in a subset of cases, this phenomenon could represent a sign of "molecular progression" due to the acquisition of additional genetic mutations and/or modifications of the CCRM profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emi Dika
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Corti
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Lambertini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ambrosi
- Pathology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Cappilli
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Grillini
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Thais Maloberti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Pathology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Calle-Gómez I, Moya-Megías R, Rodríguez-Granges J, Omar M, López Hidalgo J, García-Martínez C. HPV Infection of the Oropharyngeal, Genital and Anal Mucosa and Associated Dysplasia in People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051170. [PMID: 37243256 DOI: 10.3390/v15051170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objectives were to describe the prevalence of HPV, its genotypes and HPV-associated dysplastic lesions in the oropharyngeal mucosa of PLHIV and related factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional prospective study consecutively enrolled PLHIV attending our specialist outpatient units. At visit, HIV-related clinical and analytical variables were gathered, and oropharyngeal mucosa exudates were taken to detect HPV and other STIs by polymerase chain reaction. Samples were also taken from the anal canal of all participants and from the genital mucosa of the women for HPV detection/genotyping and cytological study. RESULTS The 300 participants had a mean age of 45.1 years; 78.7% were MSM and 21.3% women; 25.3% had a history of AIDS; 99.7% were taking ART; and 27.3% had received an HPV vaccine. HPV infection prevalence in the oropharynx was 13%, with genotype 16 being the most frequent (2.3%), and none had dysplasia. Simultaneous infection with Treponema pallidum (HR: 4.02 (95% CI: 1.06-15.24)) and a history of anal HSIL or SCCA (HR: 21.52 (95% CI: 1.59-291.6)) were risk factors for oropharyngeal HPV infection, whereas ART duration (8.8 vs. 7.4 years) was a protective factor (HR: 0.989 (95% CI: 0.98-0.99)). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HPV infection and dysplasia was low in the oropharyngeal mucosae. A higher exposure to ART was protective against oral HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Calle-Gómez
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Moya-Megías
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Granges
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Mohamed Omar
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, 23007 Jaen, Spain
| | - Javier López Hidalgo
- Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Martínez
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
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Trias I, Saco A, Marimon L, López Del Campo R, Manzotti C, Ordi O, Del Pino M, Pérez FM, Vega N, Alós S, Martínez A, Rodriguez-Carunchio L, Reig O, Jares P, Teixido C, Ajami T, Corral-Molina JM, Algaba F, Ribal MJ, Ribera-Cortada I, Rakislova N. P53 in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pattern-Based Immunohistochemical Framework with Molecular Correlation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2719. [PMID: 37345055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been proposed as a surrogate for TP53 mutations in penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCC). We aimed to evaluate the performance of a pattern-based evaluation of p53 IHC in PSCC. Human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA testing, p16 and p53 IHC, and whole exome sequencing were performed in a series of 40 PSCC. p53 IHC was evaluated following a pattern-based framework and conventional p53 IHC evaluation. Out of 40 PSCC, 12 (30.0%) were HPV-associated, and 28 (70.0%) were HPV-independent. The agreement between the p53 IHC pattern-based evaluation and TP53 mutational status was almost perfect (k = 0.85). The sensitivity and accuracy of the pattern-based framework for identifying TP53 mutations were 95.5% and 92.5%, respectively, which were higher than the values of conventional p53 IHC interpretation (54.5% and 70.0%, respectively), whereas the specificity was the same (88.9%). In conclusions, the pattern-based framework improves the accuracy of detecting TP53 mutations in PSCC compared to the classical p53 IHC evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Trias
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adela Saco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Marimon
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo López Del Campo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Manzotti
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Ordi
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Del Pino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Universityof Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco M Pérez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naiara Vega
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Alós
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Rodriguez-Carunchio
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Oscar Reig
- Translational Genomic and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Jares
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Teixido
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Genomic and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tarek Ajami
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ferran Algaba
- Department of Pathology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Ribal
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ribera-Cortada
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rakislova
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Stoler MH, Parvu V, Yanson K, Andrews J, Vaughan L. Risk stratification of HPV-positive results using extended genotyping and cytology: Data from the baseline phase of the Onclarity trial. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 174:68-75. [PMID: 37149907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimizing the balance between colposcopy referrals and the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) during cervical cancer screening requires robust triage strategies. We evaluated the performance of extended HPV genotyping (xGT), in combination with cytology triage, and compared it to previously published performance data for high-grade CIN detection by HPV16/18 primary screening in combination with p16/Ki-67 dual staining (DS). METHODS AND MATERIALS The baseline phase of the Onclarity trial enrolled 33,858 individuals, yielding 2978 HPV-positive participants. Risk values for ≥CIN3 were determined for Onclarity result groupings corresponding to HPV16, not HPV16 but HPV18 or 31, not HPV16/18/31 but HPV33/58 or 52, not HPV16/18/31/33/58/52 but HPV35/39/68 or 45 or 51 or 56/59/66 across all cytology categories. Published data from the IMPACT trial for HPV16/18 plus DS was utilized as a comparator during ROC analyses. RESULTS There were 163 ≥ CIN3 cases detected. The ≥CIN3 risk stratum hierarchy (% risk of ≥CIN3) that resulted from this analysis included: >LSIL (39.4%); HPV16, ≤LSIL (13.3%); HPV18/31, ≤LSIL (5.9%); HPV33/58/52/45, ASC-US/LSIL (2.4%); HPV33/58/52, NILM (2.1%); HPV35/39/68/51/56/59/66, ASC-US/LSIL (0.9%); and HPV45/35/39/68/51/56/59/66, NILM (0.6%). For ≥CIN3 ROC analysis, the optimal cutoff for sensitivity versus specificity was approximated between not HPV16 but HPV18 or 31, any cytology (≥CIN3 sensitivity = 85.9% and colposcopy-to- ≥ CIN3 = 7.4) and not HPV16/18/31 but HPV33/58/52, NILM (≥CIN3 sensitivity = 94.5% and colposcopy-to- ≥CIN3 = 10.8). HPV16/18 with DS triage showed a sensitivity of 94.3%, with a colposcopy-to- ≥ CIN3 ratio of 11.4. CONCLUSIONS xGT performed similarly compared to HPV primary screening plus DS for detection of high-grade CIN. xGT provides results that stratify risk in a flexible and reliable manner for colposcopy risk thresholds set by different guidelines or organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Stoler
- University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Valentin Parvu
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Integrated Diagnostic Solutions, 7 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD 21152, USA
| | - Karen Yanson
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Integrated Diagnostic Solutions, 7 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD 21152, USA
| | - Jeffrey Andrews
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Integrated Diagnostic Solutions, 7 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD 21152, USA
| | - Laurence Vaughan
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Integrated Diagnostic Solutions, 7 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD 21152, USA.
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Hernández-Aguado JJ, de La Fuente-Valero J, Ramírez Mena M, Ortega-Medina L, Vidart Aragón JA, Galán JC. Comparative pilot study about HPV test with partial genotyping in primary screening versus other strategies for cervical cancer population screening, CRYGEN 16/18 study. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 41:262-268. [PMID: 35963773 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The early detection of cervical cancer requires the implementation of molecular screening programmes for human papillomavirus (HPV). However, there are discrepancies in the optimization of screening protocols. The performance of 10 primary screening strategies based on molecular, cytological or combined techniques is now evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS A blind, prospective, and interventional study was designed in 1.977 35-year-old women. The molecular determination was carried out by the Cobas 4800 HPV platform. Cytological analysis were performed on the same samples without knowledge of the result of the molecular assay. All women in whom HPV-16/HPV-18 was detected or presented cytological alteration together with detection of other high-risk genotypes (HPVhr) were referred to colposcopy. RESULTS The molecular assay detected the presence of HPVhr genotypes in 12.5% of the women, while only 8.1% of the cytologies were pathological. Among the patients referred to colposcopy, in 19.5% high-grade lesions were observed, being HPV-16 present in 65.3% of them. In six of these high-grade lesions (associated with HPV-16 in all cases), cytology was reported as normal. The follow-up one year later, of women with normal cytology and HPVhr detection a HSIL/CIN2+ lesion was detected (associated to HPV-33). In the comparative study with other strategies, the protocol called CRYGEN 16/18 yielded the best balance of sensitivity and specificity with the least referral to colposcopy. CONCLUSIONS Performing molecular detection of HPVhr with partial first-line genotyping of at least HPV-16, with direct referral to colposcopy, increases the detection rate of HSIL/CIN2+ lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mar Ramírez Mena
- Servicio de Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega-Medina
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Galán
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Liu Y, Weiss K, Zamudio AR, Hayes MP, Saleh M, Gaisa MM, Sigel K. Primary Anal Cancer Screening Results From 381 Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:932-938. [PMID: 36196502 PMCID: PMC10319954 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH) have an elevated risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anal cancer. Primary anal cancer screening results from this population could inform practice guidelines. METHODS In total, 381 WWH with anal cytology screening, high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing and genital (cervical or vaginal) cotesting within 6 months were identified during 2012-2019. Those with anal cytology of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or worse underwent high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy. Independent predictors of anal hrHPV, HPV16, and histological anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (aHSIL) were identified using adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS Prevalence of anal hrHPV, HPV16, and ASCUS or worse cytology was 61%, 13%, and 68%. Histological aHSIL was detected in 42% of WWH with ASCUS or worse anal cytology. Prevalence of genital hrHPV, HPV16, and ASCUS or worse cytology was 30%, 4%, and 28%. Genital hrHPV predicted anal hrHPV (odds ratio [OR], 5.05), while genital HPV16 predicted anal HPV16 (OR, 9.52). Genital hrHPV and anal HPV16 predicted histological aHSIL (ORs, 2.78 and 10.9). CONCLUSIONS Anal HPV disease was highly prevalent in this primary screening cohort of WWH. While genital screening results predicted anal disease, rates of isolated anal HPV disease were substantial, supporting universal anal cancer screening for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Weiss
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrés Ramírez Zamudio
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Monica Prasad Hayes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mona Saleh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael M Gaisa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keith Sigel
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Mehdi HK, Raju K, Sheela SR. Association of P16, Ki-67, and CD44 expression in high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S260-S267. [PMID: 37148002 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_43_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Stem cells exist in niches in the cervical tissue at squamocolumnar junction, which when infected with HR-Human Papilloma Virus undergo malignant transformation to cancer stem cells and have a role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. The expression of CD44, P16, and Ki67 in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is assessed in this study. Materials and Methods Twenty-six cases each of normal cervix, HSIL, and SCC of cervix cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry markers; p16, Ki-67, and CD44. The association of expression of these markers between normal, HSIL, SCC cervix, and clinic-pathological parameters was statistically analyzed. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Of 26 cases of HSIL, 61.5%, 7.7%, and 30.8% cases were positive, ambiguous, and negative respectively for p16 expression. About 11.5%, 53.8%, and 34.6% of cases were strongly positive, positive, and weakly positive, respectively, for Ki-67 expression. About 42.3%, 42.3%, and 15.4% cases were strongly positive, positive, and weakly positive, respectively, for CD44 expression. Among 26 cases of SCC of the cervix 92.3% and 7.7% were positive and ambiguous respectively. About 73.1% and 26.9% of cases were strongly positive and positive, respectively, for Ki-67 expression. 65.4%, 30.8%, and 3.8% of cases were strongly positive, positive, and weakly positive, respectively, for CD44 expression. p16, Ki-67, and CD44 expression between the three groups were statistically significant. p16 expression versus FIGO stage including lymph node involvement and CD44 expression versus lymph node involvement in carcinoma cervix was statistically significant. Conclusion Expression of p16, Ki-67, and CD44 increases as the lesion progress from normal to HSIL to carcinoma cervix. p16 and CD44 expression increase with lymph node involvement. P16 expression was maximum in Stage II than Stage III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra K Mehdi
- Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalyani Raju
- Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - S R Sheela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
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Role of Low-Risk HPV PCR Monoinfection in Screening for HSIL and Anal Cancer in Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065642. [PMID: 36982714 PMCID: PMC10056681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the value of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) PCR to screen for “high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion and anal cancer” (HSIL-plus), rate of patients with low-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) progressing to HSIL-plus, and progression-related factors. Prospective, longitudinal study of consecutive MSM-LHIV attended between May 2010 and December 2021 and followed for 43 months (IQR: 12–76). HIV-related variables were gathered at baseline, performing anal cytology for HPV detection/genotyping, thin-layer cytological study, and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). Follow-up was annual when HRA was normal or LSIL, and post-treatment in cases of HSIL-plus, re-evaluating sexual behavior, viral-immunological status, and HPV infection of anal mucosa. The 493 participants had mean age of 36 years: CD4 nadir < 200 cells/uL in 23.1%, virological failure in 4.1%, and tetravalent HPV vaccine > 5 years earlier in 15%. HSIL-plus was ruled out in patients with monoinfection by low-risk HPV genotype and normal cytology (100% sensitivity, 91.9% specificity, PPV 2.9%, and NPV 100%). Progression from LISL to HSIL-plus occurred in 4.27% of patients within 12 months (IQR: 12–12): risk factors were acquisition of high-risk (HR: 4.15; 95% CI: 1.14–15.03) and low-risk (HR: 3.68 95% CI: 1.04–12.94) HPV genotypes, specifically genotype 6 (HR: 4.47, 95% CI: 1.34–14.91), and history of AIDS (HR: 5.81 95% CI: 1.78–18.92). Monoinfection by LR-HPV genotypes in patients with normal cytology is not associated with anal cancer or precursor lesions. Progression from LSIL to HSIL-plus, observed in <5% of patients, was related to acquisition of HR and LR HPV genotypes, especially 6, and a history of AIDS.
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Valls J, Baena A, Venegas G, Celis M, González M, Sosa C, Santin JL, Ortega M, Soilán A, Turcios E, Figueroa J, Rodríguez de la Peña M, Figueredo A, Beracochea AV, Pérez N, Martínez-Better J, Lora O, Jiménez JY, Giménez D, Fleider L, Salgado Y, Martínez S, Bellido-Fuentes Y, Flores B, Tatti S, Villagra V, Cruz-Valdez A, Terán C, Sánchez GI, Rodríguez G, Picconi MA, Ferrera A, Mendoza L, Calderón A, Murillo R, Wiesner C, Broutet N, Luciani S, Pérez C, Darragh TM, Jerónimo J, Herrero R, Almonte M. Performance of standardised colposcopy to detect cervical precancer and cancer for triage of women testing positive for human papillomavirus: results from the ESTAMPA multicentric screening study. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e350-e360. [PMID: 36796982 PMCID: PMC10020136 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colposcopy, currently included in WHO recommendations as an option to triage human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive women, remains as the reference standard to guide both biopsy for confirmation of cervical precancer and cancer and treatment approaches. We aim to evaluate the performance of colposcopy to detect cervical precancer and cancer for triage in HPV-positive women. METHODS This cross-sectional, multicentric screening study was conducted at 12 centres (including primary and secondary care centres, hospitals, laboratories, and universities) in Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). Eligible women were aged 30-64 years, sexually active, did not have a history of cervical cancer or treatment for cervical precancer or a hysterectomy, and were not planning to move outside of the study area. Women were screened with HPV DNA testing and cytology. HPV-positive women were referred to colposcopy using a standardised protocol, including biopsy collection of observed lesions, endocervical sampling for transformation zone (TZ) type 3, and treatment as needed. Women with initial normal colposcopy or no high-grade cervical lesions on histology (less than cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] grade 2) were recalled after 18 months for another HPV test to complete disease ascertainment; HPV-positive women were referred for a second colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy was assessed by considering a positive test result when the colposcopic impression at the initial colposcopy was positive minor, positive major, or suspected cancer, and was considered negative otherwise. The main study outcome was histologically confirmed CIN3+ (defined as grade 3 or worse) detected at the initial visit or 18-month visit. FINDINGS Between Dec 12, 2012, and Dec 3, 2021, 42 502 women were recruited, and 5985 (14·1%) tested positive for HPV. 4499 participants with complete disease ascertainment and follow-up were included in the analysis, with a median age of 40·6 years (IQR 34·7-49·9). CIN3+ was detected in 669 (14·9%) of 4499 women at the initial visit or 18-month visit (3530 [78·5%] negative or CIN1, 300 [6·7%] CIN2, 616 [13·7%] CIN3, and 53 [1·2%] cancers). Sensitivity was 91·2% (95% CI 88·9-93·2) for CIN3+, whereas specificity was 50·1% (48·5-51·8) for less than CIN2 and 47·1% (45·5-48·7) for less than CIN3. Sensitivity for CIN3+ significantly decreased in older women (93·5% [95% CI 91·3-95·3] in those aged 30-49 years vs 77·6% [68·6-85·0] in those aged 50-65 years; p<0·0001), whereas specificity for less than CIN2 significantly increased (45·7% [43·8-47·6] vs 61·8% [58·7-64·8]; p<0·0001). Sensitivity for CIN3+ was also significantly lower in women with negative cytology than in those with abnormal cytology (p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Colposcopy is accurate for CIN3+ detection in HPV-positive women. These results reflect ESTAMPA efforts in an 18-month follow-up strategy to maximise disease detection with an internationally validated clinical management protocol and regular training, including quality improvement practices. We showed that colposcopy can be optimised with proper standardisation to be used as triage in HPV-positive women. FUNDING WHO; Pan American Health Organization; Union for International Cancer Control; National Cancer Institute (NCI); NCI Center for Global Health; National Agency for the Promotion of Research, Technological Development, and Innovation; NCI of Argentina and Colombia; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social; National Council for Science and Technology of Paraguay; International Agency for Research on Cancer; and all local collaborative institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Valls
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Armando Baena
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Gino Venegas
- Clínica Angloamericana, Lima, Peru; Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad de Piura, Lima, Peru
| | - Marcela Celis
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Sosa
- Hospital Monseñor Victor Manuel Sanabria Martínez, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
| | - Jorge Luis Santin
- Hospital Monseñor Victor Manuel Sanabria Martínez, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
| | - Marina Ortega
- Hospital Nacional, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Itauguá, Paraguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Capiatá, Paraguay
| | - Ana Soilán
- Hospital Nacional, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Itauguá, Paraguay; Hospital Materno Infantil de San Lorenzo, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Elmer Turcios
- Programa Nacional contra el Cáncer, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | | | - Alicia Figueredo
- Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Natalia Pérez
- Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Oscar Lora
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia; Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico y Neonatal Dr Jaime Sánchez Porcel, Sucre, Bolivia
| | | | - Diana Giménez
- Hospital Materno Infantil de Trinidad, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Laura Fleider
- Hospital de Clínicas, José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yuly Salgado
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Bettsy Flores
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Silvio Tatti
- Hospital de Clínicas, José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Carolina Terán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | | | | | | | - Annabelle Ferrera
- Instituto de Infecciones en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Laura Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Alejandro Calderón
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Región Pacífico Central, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Raul Murillo
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Nathalie Broutet
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlos Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Teresa M Darragh
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - José Jerónimo
- Liga contra el Cáncer-Peru, Lima, Peru; US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Fundación Inciensa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Maribel Almonte
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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