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Ferreira AL, Dibe ND, de Paiva BR, Portari EA, Dock DCDA, Ferreira NVC, Gomes SC, Russomano FB, de Andrade CV. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 2 biopsy: Do p16INK4a and Ki-67 biomarkers contribute to the decision to treat? A cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2023; 142:e2022527. [PMID: 37646766 PMCID: PMC10452003 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0527.r2.280423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) is challenging, considering the CIN2 regression rate, perinatal risks associated with excisional procedures, and insufficient well-established risk factors to predict progression. OBJECTIVES To determine the ability of p16INK4a and Ki-67 staining in biopsies diagnosed with CIN2 to identify patients with higher-grade lesions (CIN3 or carcinoma). DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study conducted at a referral center for treating uterine cervical lesions. METHODS In 79 women, we analyzed the correlation of p16INK4a and Ki-67 expression in CIN2 biopsies with the presence of a higher-grade lesions, as determined via histopathology in surgical specimens from treated women or via two colposcopies and two cytological tests during follow-up for untreated women with at least a 6-month interval. The expression of these two biomarkers was verified by at least two independent pathologists and quantified using digital algorithms. RESULTS Thirteen (16.8%) women with CIN2 biopsy exhibited higher-grade lesions on the surgical excision specimen or during follow-up. p16INK4a expression positively and negatively predicted the presence of higher-grade lesions in 17.19% and 86.67% patients, respectively. Ki-67 expression positively and negatively predicted the presence of higher-grade lesions in 40% and 88.24% patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Negative p16INK4a and Ki67 immunohistochemical staining can assure absence of a higher-grade lesion in more than 85% of patients with CIN2 biopsies and can be used to prevent overtreatment of these patients. Positive IHC staining for p16INK4a and Ki-67 did not predict CIN3 in patients with CIN2 biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leal Ferreira
- MSc. Biomedical and PhD Student, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Nasle Domingues Dibe
- MD. Gynecologist, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Bruna Rodrigues de Paiva
- MD. Postgraduate Student in Nutrology, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Elyzabeth Avvad Portari
- MD, MSc, PhD. Pathologist, Researcher in Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Dione Corrêa de Araújo Dock
- MD. Physician and Pathologist, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Nilma Valéria Caldeira Ferreira
- BSc. Immunohistochemistry Technician, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Saint Clair Gomes
- BSc, PhD. Researcher in Clinical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Fábio Bastos Russomano
- MD, MSc, PhD. Gynecologist, Center for the Clinical and Surgical Care of Women, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Cecília Vianna de Andrade
- MD, MSc, PhD. Pathologist, Laboratory of Diagnosis Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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Zhu Y, Tazearslan C, Rosenfeld MG, Fiser A, Suh Y. Identification and functional validation of an enhancer variant in the 9p21.3 locus associated with glaucoma risk and elevated expression of p16 INK4a. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.18.541339. [PMID: 37292862 PMCID: PMC10245730 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.541339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, with advanced age being the single most significant risk factor. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between aging and glaucoma remain unclear. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified genetic variants strongly associated with increased glaucoma risk. Understanding how these variants function in pathogenesis is crucial for translating genetic associations into molecular mechanisms and, ultimately, clinical applications. The chromosome 9p21.3 locus is among the most replicated glaucoma risk loci discovered by GWAS. Nonetheless, the absence of protein-coding genes in the locus makes interpreting the disease association challenging, leaving the causal variant and molecular mechanism elusive. In this study, we report the identification of a functional glaucoma risk variant, rs6475604. By employing computational and experimental methods, we demonstrated that rs6475604 resides in a repressive regulatory element. Risk allele of rs6475604 disrupts the binding of YY1, a transcription factor known to repress the expression of a neighboring gene in 9p21.3, p16INK4A, which plays a crucial role in cellular senescence and aging. These findings suggest that the glaucoma disease variant contributes to accelerated senescence, providing a molecular link between glaucoma risk and an essential cellular mechanism for human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Cagdas Tazearslan
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461, USA
| | - Michael G. Rosenfeld
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andras Fiser
- Department of Systems & Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY10032, USA
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3
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Shi J, Sun J, Liu L, Shan T, Meng H, Yang T, Wang S, Wei T, Chen B, Ma Y, Wang Q, Wang H, Liu J, Wang L. P16ink4a overexpression ameliorates cardiac remodeling of mouse following myocardial infarction via CDK4/pRb pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 595:62-68. [PMID: 35093641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P16ink4a can accumulate in senescent cells and can be induced by different oncogenic stimulations. These functions make p16ink4a a biomarker of senescence and cancer. However, the exact role of p16ink4a remains unclear in cardiovascular disease. This study was aimed to investigate the role of p16ink4a in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS In vivo, gain and loss of function experiments using p16ink4a overexpression and knockdown adenovirus were induced to determine the effect of p16ink4a on cardiac structure and function after MI. The in vitro effects of p16ink4a were evaluated by overexpression and knockdown adenovirus of p16ink4a on isolated neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes (NMCMs) and neonatal mouse cardiac fibroblasts (NMCFs). RESULTS Expression level of p16ink4a was increased after MI and enriched in the infarction area. In vivo, overexpression of p16ink4a protected, while knockdown of p16ink4a worsened cardiac function. In vitro, p16ink4a did not influence the hypertrophy of NMCMs. Overexpression of p16ink4a inhibited the proliferation and migration of NMCFs and reduced the level of collagen I and α-SMA. Consistently, knockdown of p16ink4a in vitro displayed the opposite effects. Further mechanism studies revealed that p16ink4a affected the expression level of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (pRb), which could be a potential pathway in regulating cardiac remodeling after MI. CONCLUSION Overexpression of 16ink4a in cardiac fibroblasts can ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and attenuate pathological cardiac remodeling in mice after MI by regulating the p16ink4a/CDK4/pRb pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiateng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tiankai Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haoyu Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tongtong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tianwen Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bingrui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiabao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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4
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Vink FJ, Dick S, Heideman DAM, De Strooper LMA, Steenbergen RDM, Lissenberg-Witte BI, Floore A, Bonde JH, Oštrbenk Valenčak A, Poljak M, Petry KU, Hillemanns P, van Trommel NE, Berkhof J, Bleeker MCG, Meijer CJLM. Classification of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by p16 ink4a , Ki-67, HPV E4 and FAM19A4/miR124-2 methylation status demonstrates considerable heterogeneity with potential consequences for management. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:707-716. [PMID: 33729551 PMCID: PMC8252755 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 and CIN3) represents a heterogeneous disease with varying cancer progression risks. Biomarkers indicative for a productive human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (HPV E4) and a transforming HPV infection (p16ink4a, Ki‐67 and host‐cell DNA methylation) could provide guidance for clinical management in women with high‐grade CIN. This study evaluates the cumulative score of immunohistochemical expression of p16ink4a (Scores 0‐3) and Ki‐67 (Scores 0‐3), referred to as the “immunoscore” (IS), in 262 CIN2 and 235 CIN3 lesions derived from five European cohorts in relation to immunohistochemical HPV E4 expression and FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation in the corresponding cervical scrape. The immunoscore classification resulted in 30 lesions within IS group 0‐2 (6.0%), 151 lesions within IS group 3‐4 (30.4%) and 316 lesions within IS group 5‐6 (63.6%). E4 expression decreased significantly from CIN2 to CIN3 (P < .001) and with increasing immunoscore group (Ptrend < .001). Methylation positivity increased significantly from CIN2 to CIN3 (P < .001) and with increasing immunoscore group (Ptrend < .001). E4 expression was present in 9.8% of CIN3 (23/235) and in 12.0% of IS group 5‐6 (38/316). Notably, in a minority (43/497, 8.7%) of high‐grade lesions, characteristics of both transforming HPV infection (DNA hypermethylation) and productive HPV infection (E4 expression) were found simultaneously. Next, we stratified all high‐grade CIN lesions, based on the presumed cancer progression risk of the biomarkers used, into biomarker profiles. These biomarker profiles, including immunoscore and methylation status, could help the clinician in the decision for immediate treatment or a “wait and see” policy to reduce overtreatment of high‐grade CIN lesions.
What's new?
Treating all high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) with excisional therapy leads to overtreatment, as these lesions have varying cancer progression risks. Here, the authors evaluated expression patterns of p16ink4a, Ki‐67 and the HPV E4 protein, and methylation of FAM19A4/miR124‐2 in high‐grade CIN. The biomarker expression patterns revealed the high degree of heterogeneity among CIN2/3 lesions. Biomarker profiles based on the presumed cancer progression risks were established and could guide clinicians in choosing whether to treat immediately or wait and see.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederique J Vink
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stèfanie Dick
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle A M Heideman
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lise M A De Strooper
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arno Floore
- Self-screen B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper H Bonde
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anja Oštrbenk Valenčak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mario Poljak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karl U Petry
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Klinikum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nienke E van Trommel
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Centre of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike C G Bleeker
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Dhalla PS, Kaul A, Garcia J, Bapatla A, Khalid R, Armenta-Quiroga AS, Khan S. Comparing the Role of the p53 Gene and Telomerase Enzyme in 'Accelerated Aging Due to Cancer': A Literature Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e10794. [PMID: 33163298 PMCID: PMC7641464 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is defined as progressive physiological alterations in an organism that lead to senescence. In response to stress, when proliferative-competent cells undergo permanent, irreversible growth arrest (like replicative dividing limit, oncogene activation, oxidative stress, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage), it is termed as cellular senescence. Biomarkers p53, telomerase, and other inflammatory cytokines have a vital link with senescence, and directed use of these markers might be useful in manipulating cancer and the aging process. We included studies related to topics ' accelerated aging due to cancer', telomerase's relation to Aging and Cancer, p53's relation to Aging and Cancer, Atherosclerosis and Cancer from Search databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. We relied on peer-reviewed articles and included literature from the last 10 years written in the English language. Degenerative diseases in humans are usually linked to atherosclerosis, and atherosclerosis is associated with short leukocyte telomere length. Cancer itself and its treatment are linked with accelerated aging by causing progressive shortening of telomeres during cell replication, resulting in cell death. Gene p53 is known to have a dual effect that works as a tumor suppressor and has pro-aging side effects. In experimental studies, when p53 overcomes multiple regulatory mechanisms controlling its activity, then only the pro-aging side effects of p53 manifested. This might be a potential key for treating cancer without causing the side-effects of aging. In this review, we aim to explain and summarize the interdependent nature of p53, telomeres, and other conventional mechanisms of aging and cancer like inflammation, oxidative stress, uncontrolled proliferation, angiogenesis, micro ribonucleic acids (RNAs), and apoptosis, with a more synergistic approach that can help in developing new therapeutics and play a potential role in shaping modern human lifespan and revolutionize cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arunima Kaul
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jian Garcia
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Anusha Bapatla
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Raheela Khalid
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ana S Armenta-Quiroga
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Abstract
This review aims to present data on the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and urinary bladder cancer (BC), especially of the subtype squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Furthermore, the current data on the relation between p16, HPV, and BC are reviewed. PubMed was searched for 'Humans' [MESH] AND 'Papillomaviridae' [MESH] AND 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms' [MESH], resulting in 157 potential articles. After profound reviewing, 18 articles were included in this review. Only original articles in English were included. A variable number of HPV genotypes in a small number of cases have been investigated in several studies with various methodology. HPV was present in 0-100% of cases depending on inclusion and exclusion criteria. SCC studies are mostly hampered by low number of cases whereas the few studies with a high number show a slightly higher prevalence of different HPV genotypes compared to pure urothelial carcinoma. Studies on p16 status in HPV positive cases are even more scarcely reported and show conflicting results. Most studies fail to prove clear-cut relevance of HPV in BC irrespectively of histological subtype. Negative p16 staining cannot rule out positive HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Riegels Jørgensen
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Gensthaler L, Joura EA, Alemany L, Horvat R, de Sanjosé S, Pils S. The impact of p16 ink4a positivity in invasive vulvar cancer on disease-free and disease-specific survival, a retrospective study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 301:753-759. [PMID: 31970493 PMCID: PMC7060959 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate HPV and p16ink4a status as prognostic factors in patients with invasive vulvar cancer. Methods Retrospective analysis of disease-free (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients with invasive vulvar cancer at a single tertiary care center. Histology, HPV and p16ink4a status were evaluated in the context of a global multicenter trial. Logistic regression models were performed to identify the impact of p16ink4a positivity. Results 135 patients were included in the analysis. 32 (23.7%) showed a p16ink4a expression of over 25%. Disease-free and disease-specific survival was longer in p16ink4a positive patients (23 vs. 10 months, p = 0.004, respectively, 29 vs. 21 months, p = 0.016). In multivariate analysis, p16ink4a positivity was an independent parameter for DFS (p = 0.025, HR: 2.120 (1.100–4.085)), but not for DSS (p = 0.926, HR: 1.029 (0.558–1.901), in contrast to age and tumor stage. Conclusions Age and tumor stage negatively affect survival. However, disease-free survival is significantly longer in patients with p16ink4a positive invasive vulvar cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gensthaler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elmar A Joura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Laia Alemany
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reinhard Horvat
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophie Pils
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Iezzi I, Cerqueni G, Licini C, Lucarini G, Mattioli Belmonte M. Dental pulp stem cells senescence and regenerative potential relationship. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7186-7197. [PMID: 30362542 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Uncomplicated treatments for pulpitis and periodontitis continues to be challenging and regenerative approaches could meet this contingency. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) represent a good candidate for oral recovering therapies. Here, we investigated changes in morphology, proliferation, and in vitro differentiation toward mesenchymal and neuronal phenotypes of human DPSCs harvested from differently aged donors. Aging is a physiologic phenomenon occurring with time that hamper body's capability to maintain homeostasis also affecting the functional reserve. Cytofluorimetric, immunohistochemical, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analyses were performed to gain insight for successful regenerative strategies in elderly. We observed a decline in DPSCs proliferation and differentiation potential with age. Interestingly, these cells behaved differently under osteogenic or odontogenic stimuli, showing different age-related mineralization capabilities. Similarly, neurogenic differentiation decreased with age. In conclusion, our observations represent a valid tool for the development of tailored regenerative strategies in an aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Iezzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cerqueni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Caterina Licini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Mattioli Belmonte
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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9
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Götz C, Drecoll E, Straub M, Bissinger O, Wolff KD, Kolk A. Impact of HPV infection on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76704-76712. [PMID: 27732948 PMCID: PMC5363542 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are often divided by their aetiology. Noxae associated collectives are compared with the human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated group, whereas different localisations of oral (OSCC) and oropharyngeal (OPSCC) squamous cell carcinomas are mostly discussed as one single group. Our aim was to show that classification by aetiology is not appropriate for OSCC. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected by PCR in 7 (3.47%) patients, and we identified 12 (5.94%) positive (+) cases by p16INK4a immunostaining. Only 4 (1.98%) of the p16INK4a+ cases were + for HPV using PCR. Our homogenous collective of OSCC allowed us to compare HPV+ and HPV negative (-) patients without creating bias for tumour localisation, age, gender or tumour stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS After testing OSCC samples for HPV positivity, we compared the results of two commonly used HPV detection methods, p16INK4a immunostaining and HPV DNA-related PCR, on 202 OSCC patients. HPV subtypes were determined with an HPV LCD Array Kit. Clinicopathological features of the patients were analysed, and the disease specific survival rates (DSS) for HPV+ and HPV- patients were obtained. CONCLUSIONS p16INK4a immunostaining is a not a reliable HPV detection method for OSCC. Positive p16INK4a immunostaining did not agree with + results from PCR of HPV DNA. Furthermore, the influence of HPV-related oncogenic transformation in OSCC is overestimated. The significance of HPV infection remains clinically unclear, and its influence on survival rates is not relevant to OSCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Götz
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Enken Drecoll
- Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Melanie Straub
- Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Oliver Bissinger
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Kolk
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
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Moron RA, Jacob CE, Bresciani CJC, Simões K, Alves VAF, Irya K, Gama-Rodrigues J, Cecconello I, Longatto-Filho A, Zilberstein B. Characterization of oncogene suppressor marker expression in patients with submucosal gastric carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 8:477-482. [PMID: 29468062 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical significance of p53 and p21ras p21wafl, p27kip1 and p16ink4a expression in cases of early gastric cancer. A total of 81 patients who had undergone gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy between 1971 and 2004 were retrospectively investigated. The immunohistochemical expression of p21ras, p53, p21waf1/cip1, p27kip1 and p16ink4a in the tissues was evaluated. In normal, metaplastic and tumoral mucosa, p53 was positive in 53, 87.3, and 87.1% of the cases, respectively. In the same tissues, p21ras was positivE in 85.3, 86 and 96.8%, respectively. Positivity FOR p16ink4a was DETECTED IN 46.3, 91.1 and 86% OF THE CASES, respectively, WHEREAS p27kip1 WAS positiVE IN 60, 94.7 and 95.3%, and p21wafl/cip1 WAS positivE IN 32.4, 72.7 and 71.4% OF THE CASES, respectively. All THE tumors WERE positive for p53. Tumors with lymph node invasion presented WITH OVERexpression (+4) of p53 in 47% of the cases VS. 17% OF patients who DID not HAVE lymph node involvement. THEREFORE, higher expression of p53, p21ras and p21wafl/cip1 IN the tumor exhibited a statistically significant association with lymph node involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberson A Moron
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Jacob
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Kleber Simões
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Kyoshi Irya
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Gama-Rodrigues
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Ivan Cecconello
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 14784-400, Brazil.,Department of Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 14784-400, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Zilberstein
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 14784-400, Brazil
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11
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Abstract
A meta-analysis published in this issue of Psychosomatic Medicine provides convincing evidence that certain psychiatric populations have shorter telomeres than nonpsychiatric controls, in accord with the strong evidence linking psychiatric disorders with premature mortality. After addressing the clinical significance of shorter telomeres, this editorial describes mechanistic pathways that lead to telomere shortening. Additionally, two other novel methods for measuring biological markers of accelerated aging are briefly discussed: DNA methylation and cellular senescence based on p16. These innovative approaches could be used to confirm and extend our understanding of psychiatric patients' increased health and mortality risks.
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12
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Biochemical and genetic characterization of D-type cyclins, their cyclin D-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6), and the polypeptide CDK4/6 inhibitor p16(INK4)over two decades ago revealed how mammalian cells regulate entry into the DNA synthetic (S) phase of the cell-division cycle in a retinoblastoma protein-dependent manner. These investigations provided proof-of-principle that CDK4/6 inhibitors, particularly when combined with coinhibition of allied mitogen-dependent signal transduction pathways, might prove valuable in cancer therapy. FDA approval of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib used with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole for breast cancer treatment highlights long-sought success. The newest findings herald clinical trials targeting other cancers. SIGNIFICANCE Rapidly emerging data with selective inhibitors of CDK4/6 have validated these cell-cycle kinases as anticancer drug targets, corroborating longstanding preclinical predictions. This review addresses the discovery of these CDKs and their regulators, as well as translation of CDK4/6 biology to positive clinical outcomes and development of rational combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Sherr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD. Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - David Beach
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Early Drug Development Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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13
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Tamayo-Orrego L, Wu CL, Bouchard N, Khedher A, Swikert SM, Remke M, Skowron P, Taylor MD, Charron F. Evasion of Cell Senescence Leads to Medulloblastoma Progression. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2925-37. [PMID: 26997276 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How brain tumors progress from precancerous lesions to advanced cancers is not well understood. Using Ptch1(+/-) mice to study medulloblastoma progression, we found that Ptch1 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is an early event that is associated with high levels of cell senescence in preneoplasia. In contrast, advanced tumors have evaded senescence. Remarkably, we discovered that the majority of advanced medulloblastomas display either spontaneous, somatic p53 mutations or Cdkn2a locus inactivation. Consistent with senescence evasion, these p53 mutations are always subsequent to Ptch1 LOH. Introduction of a p53 mutation prevents senescence, accelerates tumor formation, and increases medulloblastoma incidence. Altogether, our results show that evasion of senescence associated with Ptch1 LOH allows progression to advanced tumors.
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da Silva Rocha A, Guilherme Schaefer P, Isabel Albano Edelweiss M. Cervical cytological screening: Assessment of the Fournier ® self-sampling device in a cervical pathology outpatient clinic. Diagn Cytopathol 2015. [PMID: 26223029 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the Fournier(®) self-sampled device in the cytological diagnosis of cervical precursor or neoplastic lesions. The colposcopy and cervical biopsy were used as the gold standard evaluation. METHOD This was a case-control study performed at a cervical pathology outpatient clinic from January 2008 to October 2009. Samples were obtained through physician-collected mode before a colposcopic evaluation. Liquid-based cytology slides obtained with the device in question were stained using the Papanicolaou method and anti-p16 immunocytochemistry and were analyzed by two pathologists blind to the histological and colposcopic diagnoses. RESULTS Diagnostic performance for Fournier device using Papanicolaou technique was sensitivity 41.1% (Pathologist 1-P1) and 52.9% (Pathologist 2-P2) for diagnosing low-grade intraepithelial lesions; for high-grade lesions and cervical cancer, sensitivity was 68.7% (P1) and 75.0% (P2) and specificity was 81.8% (P1) and 73.8% (P2). When using the anti-p16 immunocytochemistry, the sensitivity for diagnosing low-grade intraepithelial lesions was 57.1% (P1) and 62.9% (P2), and the sensitivity was 87.5% (P1) and 93.8% (P2) for high-grade lesions and cancer. The specificity was 75.0% (P1) and 54.4% (P2). CONCLUSIONS These results show that when used with "blind" physician-collected cytology in an outpatient setting, the Fournier(®) device achieved a sensitivity and specificity comparable to those obtained by the Pap test traditionally collected during a speculum examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre da Silva Rocha
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul/Brasil, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
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Huna A, Salmina K, Erenpreisa J, Vazquez-Martin A, Krigerts J, Inashkina I, Gerashchenko BI, Townsend PA, Cragg MS, Jackson TR. Role of stress-activated OCT4A in the cell fate decisions of embryonal carcinoma cells treated with etoposide. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2969-84. [PMID: 26102294 PMCID: PMC4825594 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1056948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cellular senescence induced by genotoxic treatments has recently been found to be paradoxically linked to the induction of “stemness.” This observation is critical as it directly impinges upon the response of tumors to current chemo-radio-therapy treatment regimens. Previously, we showed that following etoposide (ETO) treatment embryonal carcinoma PA-1 cells undergo a p53-dependent upregulation of OCT4A and p21Cip1 (governing self-renewal and regulating cell cycle inhibition and senescence, respectively). Here we report further detail on the relationship between these and other critical cell-fate regulators. PA-1 cells treated with ETO display highly heterogeneous increases in OCT4A and p21Cip1 indicative of dis-adaptation catastrophe. Silencing OCT4A suppresses p21Cip1, changes cell cycle regulation and subsequently suppresses terminal senescence; p21Cip1-silencing did not affect OCT4A expression or cellular phenotype. SOX2 and NANOG expression did not change following ETO treatment suggesting a dissociation of OCT4A from its pluripotency function. Instead, ETO-induced OCT4A was concomitant with activation of AMPK, a key component of metabolic stress and autophagy regulation. p16ink4a, the inducer of terminal senescence, underwent autophagic sequestration in the cytoplasm of ETO-treated cells, allowing alternative cell fates. Accordingly, failure of autophagy was accompanied by an accumulation of p16ink4a, nuclear disintegration, and loss of cell recovery. Together, these findings imply that OCT4A induction following DNA damage in PA-1 cells, performs a cell stress, rather than self-renewal, function by moderating the expression of p21Cip1, which alongside AMPK helps to then regulate autophagy. Moreover, this data indicates that exhaustion of autophagy, through persistent DNA damage, is the cause of terminal cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Huna
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center ; Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | | | - Jekabs Krigerts
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center ; Riga, Latvia
| | - Inna Inashkina
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center ; Riga, Latvia
| | - Bogdan I Gerashchenko
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center ; Riga, Latvia.,d R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology; Oncology and Radiobiology; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ; Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Paul A Townsend
- b Institute of Cancer Sciences; Manchester Cancer Research Center; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Center ; Manchester , UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- c Cancer Sciences Unit; University of Southampton; Faculty of Medicine; General Hospital ; Southampton , UK
| | - Thomas R Jackson
- b Institute of Cancer Sciences; Manchester Cancer Research Center; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Center ; Manchester , UK
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16
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Zeng N, Yang KT, Bayan JA, He L, Aggarwal R, Stiles JW, Hou X, Medina V, Abad D, Palian BM, Al-Abdullah I, Kandeel F, Johnson DL, Stiles BL. PTEN controls β-cell regeneration in aged mice by regulating cell cycle inhibitor p16ink4a. Aging Cell 2013; 12:1000-11. [PMID: 23826727 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration diminishes with age, concurrent with declining hormone levels including growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). We investigated the molecular basis for such decline in pancreatic β-cells where loss of proliferation occurs early in age and is proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. We studied the regeneration capacity of β-cells in mouse model where PI3K/AKT pathway downstream of insulin/IGF-1 signaling is upregulated by genetic deletion of Pten (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) specifically in insulin-producing cells. In this model, PTEN loss prevents the decline in proliferation capacity in aged β-cells and restores the ability of aged β-cells to respond to injury-induced regeneration. Using several animal and cell models where we can manipulate PTEN expression, we found that PTEN blocks cell cycle re-entry through a novel pathway leading to an increase in p16(ink4a), a cell cycle inhibitor characterized for its role in cellular senescence/aging. A downregulation in p16(ink4a) occurs when PTEN is lost as a result of cyclin D1 induction and the activation of E2F transcription factors. The activation of E2F transcriptional factors leads to methylation of p16(ink4a) promoter, an event that is mediated by the upregulation of polycomb protein, Ezh2. These analyses establish a novel PTEN/cyclin D1/E2F/Ezh2/p16(ink4a) signaling network responsible for the aging process and provide specific evidence for a molecular paradigm that explain how decline in growth factor signals such as IGF-1 (through PTEN/PI3K signaling) may control regeneration and the lack thereof in aging cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Kai-Ting Yang
- Department of Biochemistry; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90033 USA
| | - Jennifer-Ann Bayan
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Lina He
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Richa Aggarwal
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Joseph W. Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Xiaogang Hou
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Vivian Medina
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Danny Abad
- Islet Transplant Center; City of Hope; Duarte CA 91010 USA
| | - Beth M. Palian
- Department of Biochemistry; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90033 USA
| | | | - Fouad Kandeel
- Islet Transplant Center; City of Hope; Duarte CA 91010 USA
| | - Deborah L. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90033 USA
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
- Department of Pathology; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90033 USA
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17
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Abstract
Using microarray analysis, we found that aging sarcopenia is associated with a sharp increase in the mRNA of the matricellular protein CCN1 (Cyr61/CTGF/Nov). CCN1 mRNA was upregulated 113-fold in muscle of aged vs. young rats. CCN1 protein was increased in aging muscle in both rats (2.8-fold) and mice (3.8-fold). When muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) were treated with recombinant CCN1, cell proliferation was decreased but there was no change in the myogenic marker myoD. However, the CCN1-treated MPCs did express a senescence marker (SA-βgal). Interestingly, we found CCN1 increased p53, p16(Ink4A), and pRP (hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein) protein levels, all of which can arrest cell growth in MPCs. When MPCs were treated with aged rodent serum CCN1 mRNA increased by sevenfold and protein increased by threefold suggesting the presence of a circulating regulator. Therefore, we looked for a circulating regulator. Wnt-3a, a stimulator of CCN1 expression, was increased in serum from elderly humans (2.6-fold) and aged rodents (2.0-fold) compared with young controls. We transduced C2C12 myoblasts with wnt-3a and found that CCN1 protein was increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We conclude that in aging muscle, the circulating factor wnt-3a acts to increase CCN1 expression, prompting muscle senescence by activating cell arrest proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; and
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18
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Knudsen ES, Buckmaster C, Chen TT, Feramisco JR, Wang JY. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by RB: effects on G1/S transition and S-phase progression. Genes Dev 1998; 12:2278-92. [PMID: 9694794 PMCID: PMC317048 DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.15.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/1998] [Accepted: 05/27/1998] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, RB, is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Growth inhibitory activity of RB is attenuated by phosphorylation. Mutation of a combination of phosphorylation sites leads to a constitutively active RB. In Rat-1 cells, the phosphorylation-site-mutated (PSM)-RB, but not wild-type RB, can inhibit S-phase entry. In PSM-RB-arrested G1 cells, normal levels of cyclin E and cyclin E-associated kinase activity were detected, but the expression of cyclin A was inhibited. The ectopic expression of cyclin E restored cyclin A expression and drove the PSM-RB expressing cells into S phase. Interestingly, Rat-1 cells coexpressing cyclin E and PSM-RB could not complete DNA replication. Microinjection of cells that have passed through the G1 restriction point with plasmids expressing PSM-RB also led to the inhibition of DNA synthesis. The S-phase inhibitory activity of PSM-RB could be attenuated by the coinjection of SV40 T-antigen, adenovirus E1A, or a high level of E2F-1 expression plasmids. However, the S-phase inhibitory activity of PSM-RB could not be overcome by the coinjection of cyclin E or cyclin A expression plasmids. These results reveal a novel role for RB in the inhibition of S-phase progression that is distinct from the inhibition of the G1/S transition, and suggest that continued phosphorylation of RB beyond G1/S is required for the completion of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Knudsen
- Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093-0322 USA
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