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Cogno N, Axenie C, Bauer R, Vavourakis V. Agent-based modeling in cancer biomedicine: applications and tools for calibration and validation. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2344600. [PMID: 38678381 PMCID: PMC11057625 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2344600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Computational models are not just appealing because they can simulate and predict the development of biological phenomena across multiple spatial and temporal scales, but also because they can integrate information from well-established in vitro and in vivo models and test new hypotheses in cancer biomedicine. Agent-based models and simulations are especially interesting candidates among computational modeling procedures in cancer research due to the capability to, for instance, recapitulate the dynamics of neoplasia and tumor - host interactions. Yet, the absence of methods to validate the consistency of the results across scales can hinder adoption by turning fine-tuned models into black boxes. This review compiles relevant literature that explores strategies to leverage high-fidelity simulations of multi-scale, or multi-level, cancer models with a focus on verification approached as simulation calibration. We consolidate our review with an outline of modern approaches for agent-based models' validation and provide an ambitious outlook toward rigorous and reliable calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Cogno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universit¨at Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Cristian Axenie
- Computer Science Department and Center for Artificial Intelligence, Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Roman Bauer
- Nature Inspired Computing and Engineering Research Group, Computer Science Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Vasileios Vavourakis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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2
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Cassee FR, Bleeker EA, Durand C, Exner T, Falk A, Friedrichs S, Heunisch E, Himly M, Hofer S, Hofstätter N, Hristozov D, Nymark P, Pohl A, Soeteman-Hernández LG, Suarez-Merino B, Valsami-Jones E, Groenewold M. Roadmap towards safe and sustainable advanced and innovative materials. (Outlook for 2024-2030). Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 25:105-126. [PMID: 38974014 PMCID: PMC11225617 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The adoption of innovative advanced materials holds vast potential, contingent upon addressing safety and sustainability concerns. The European Commission advocates the integration of Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) principles early in the innovation process to streamline market introduction and mitigate costs. Within this framework, encompassing ecological, social, and economic factors is paramount. The NanoSafety Cluster (NSC) delineates key safety and sustainability areas, pinpointing unresolved issues and research gaps to steer the development of safe(r) materials. Leveraging FAIR data management and integration, alongside the alignment of regulatory aspects, fosters informed decision-making and innovation. Integrating circularity and sustainability mandates clear guidance, ensuring responsible innovation at every stage. Collaboration among stakeholders, anticipation of regulatory demands, and a commitment to sustainability are pivotal for translating SSbD into tangible advancements. Harmonizing standards and test guidelines, along with regulatory preparedness through an exchange platform, is imperative for governance and market readiness. By adhering to these principles, the effective and sustainable deployment of innovative materials can be realized, propelling positive transformation and societal acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming R. Cassee
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands & Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eric A.J. Bleeker
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andreas Falk
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH (BNN), Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Penny Nymark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Pohl
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Germany
| | | | | | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Groenewold
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
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3
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Kalejaye L, Wu IE, Terry T, Lai PK. DeepSP: Deep learning-based spatial properties to predict monoclonal antibody stability. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2220-2229. [PMID: 38827232 PMCID: PMC11140563 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibody development faces challenges due to high viscosities and aggregation tendencies. The spatial charge map (SCM) and spatial aggregation propensity (SAP) are computational techniques that aid in predicting viscosity and aggregation, respectively. These methods rely on structural data derived from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which are computationally demanding. DeepSCM, a deep learning surrogate model based on sequence information to predict SCM, was recently developed to screen high-concentration antibody viscosity. This study further utilized a dataset of 20,530 antibody sequences to train a convolutional neural network deep learning surrogate model called Deep Spatial Properties (DeepSP). DeepSP directly predicts SAP and SCM scores in different domains of antibody variable regions based solely on their sequences without performing MD simulations. The linear correlation coefficient between DeepSP scores and MD-derived scores for 30 properties achieved values between 0.76 and 0.96 with an average of 0.87. DeepSP descriptors were employed as features to build machine learning models to predict the aggregation rate of 21 antibodies, and the performance is similar to the results obtained from the previous study using MD simulations. This result demonstrates that the DeepSP approach significantly reduces the computational time required compared to MD simulations. The DeepSP model enables the rapid generation of 30 structural properties that can also be used as features in other research to train machine learning models for predicting various antibody stability using sequences only. DeepSP is freely available as an online tool via https://deepspwebapp.onrender.com and the codes and parameters are freely available at https://github.com/Lailabcode/DeepSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateefat Kalejaye
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken 07030, NJ, United States
| | - I-En Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken 07030, NJ, United States
| | - Taylor Terry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken 07030, NJ, United States
| | - Pin-Kuang Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken 07030, NJ, United States
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4
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Tafavvoghi M, Bongo LA, Shvetsov N, Busund LTR, Møllersen K. Publicly available datasets of breast histopathology H&E whole-slide images: A scoping review. J Pathol Inform 2024; 15:100363. [PMID: 38405160 PMCID: PMC10884505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2024.100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in digital pathology and computing resources have made a significant impact in the field of computational pathology for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, access to high-quality labeled histopathological images of breast cancer is a big challenge that limits the development of accurate and robust deep learning models. In this scoping review, we identified the publicly available datasets of breast H&E-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) that can be used to develop deep learning algorithms. We systematically searched 9 scientific literature databases and 9 research data repositories and found 17 publicly available datasets containing 10 385 H&E WSIs of breast cancer. Moreover, we reported image metadata and characteristics for each dataset to assist researchers in selecting proper datasets for specific tasks in breast cancer computational pathology. In addition, we compiled 2 lists of breast H&E patches and private datasets as supplementary resources for researchers. Notably, only 28% of the included articles utilized multiple datasets, and only 14% used an external validation set, suggesting that the performance of other developed models may be susceptible to overestimation. The TCGA-BRCA was used in 52% of the selected studies. This dataset has a considerable selection bias that can impact the robustness and generalizability of the trained algorithms. There is also a lack of consistent metadata reporting of breast WSI datasets that can be an issue in developing accurate deep learning models, indicating the necessity of establishing explicit guidelines for documenting breast WSI dataset characteristics and metadata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Tafavvoghi
- Department of Community Medicine, Uit The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Ailo Bongo
- Department of Computer Science, Uit The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nikita Shvetsov
- Department of Computer Science, Uit The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Kajsa Møllersen
- Department of Community Medicine, Uit The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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5
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Rezapour M, Yazdinejad M, Rajabi Kouchi F, Habibi Baghi M, Khorrami Z, Khavanin Zadeh M, Pourbaghi E, Rezapour H. Text mining of hypertension researches in the west Asia region: a 12-year trend analysis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2337285. [PMID: 38616180 PMCID: PMC11018045 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2337285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
More than half of the world population lives in Asia and hypertension (HTN) is the most prevalent risk factor found in Asia. There are numerous articles published about HTN in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods can analyze articles and extract top trends in each country. Present analysis uses Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) as an algorithm of topic modeling (TM) in text mining, to obtain subjective topic-word distribution from the 2790 studies over the EMRO. The period of checked studied is last 12 years and results of LDA analyses show that HTN researches published in EMRO discuss on changes in BP and the factors affecting it. Among the countries in the region, most of these articles are related to I.R Iran and Egypt, which have an increasing trend from 2017 to 2018 and reached the highest level in 2021. Meanwhile, Iraq and Lebanon have been conducting research since 2010. The EMRO word cloud illustrates 'BMI', 'mortality', 'age', and 'meal', which represent important indicators, dangerous outcomes of high BP, and gender of HTN patients in EMRO, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezapour
- Faculty Member of the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Rajabi Kouchi
- Department of Computer Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Khorrami
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Khavanin Zadeh
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Pourbaghi
- Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezapour
- Department of Transportation and Urban Infrastructure Studies, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Weber S, Wyszynski M, Godefroid M, Plattfaut R, Niehaves B. How do medical professionals make sense (or not) of AI? A social-media-based computational grounded theory study and an online survey. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 24:146-159. [PMID: 38434249 PMCID: PMC10904922 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate opinions and attitudes of medical professionals towards adopting AI-enabled healthcare technologies in their daily business, we used a mixed-methods approach. Study 1 employed a qualitative computational grounded theory approach analyzing 181 Reddit threads in the several subreddits of r/medicine. By utilizing an unsupervised machine learning clustering method, we identified three key themes: (1) consequences of AI, (2) physician-AI relationship, and (3) a proposed way forward. In particular Reddit posts related to the first two themes indicated that the medical professionals' fear of being replaced by AI and skepticism toward AI played a major role in the argumentations. Moreover, the results suggest that this fear is driven by little or moderate knowledge about AI. Posts related to the third theme focused on factual discussions about how AI and medicine have to be designed to become broadly adopted in health care. Study 2 quantitatively examined the relationship between the fear of AI, knowledge about AI, and medical professionals' intention to use AI-enabled technologies in more detail. Results based on a sample of 223 medical professionals who participated in the online survey revealed that the intention to use AI technologies increases with increasing knowledge about AI and that this effect is moderated by the fear of being replaced by AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weber
- University of Bremen, Digital Public, Bibliothekstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marc Wyszynski
- University of Bremen, Digital Public, Bibliothekstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marie Godefroid
- University of Siegen, Information Systems, Kohlbettstr. 15, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Ralf Plattfaut
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Information Systems and Transformation Management, Universitätsstr. 9, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Niehaves
- University of Bremen, Digital Public, Bibliothekstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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7
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Huang G, Li Y, Jameel S, Long Y, Papanastasiou G. From explainable to interpretable deep learning for natural language processing in healthcare: How far from reality? Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 24:362-373. [PMID: 38800693 PMCID: PMC11126530 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep learning (DL) has substantially enhanced natural language processing (NLP) in healthcare research. However, the increasing complexity of DL-based NLP necessitates transparent model interpretability, or at least explainability, for reliable decision-making. This work presents a thorough scoping review of explainable and interpretable DL in healthcare NLP. The term "eXplainable and Interpretable Artificial Intelligence" (XIAI) is introduced to distinguish XAI from IAI. Different models are further categorized based on their functionality (model-, input-, output-based) and scope (local, global). Our analysis shows that attention mechanisms are the most prevalent emerging IAI technique. The use of IAI is growing, distinguishing it from XAI. The major challenges identified are that most XIAI does not explore "global" modelling processes, the lack of best practices, and the lack of systematic evaluation and benchmarks. One important opportunity is to use attention mechanisms to enhance multi-modal XIAI for personalized medicine. Additionally, combining DL with causal logic holds promise. Our discussion encourages the integration of XIAI in Large Language Models (LLMs) and domain-specific smaller models. In conclusion, XIAI adoption in healthcare requires dedicated in-house expertise. Collaboration with domain experts, end-users, and policymakers can lead to ready-to-use XIAI methods across NLP and medical tasks. While challenges exist, XIAI techniques offer a valuable foundation for interpretable NLP algorithms in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Huang
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yingya Li
- Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, 02115, United States
| | - Shoaib Jameel
- Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yunfei Long
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
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8
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Suárez A, Jiménez J, Llorente de Pedro M, Andreu-Vázquez C, Díaz-Flores García V, Gómez Sánchez M, Freire Y. Beyond the Scalpel: Assessing ChatGPT's potential as an auxiliary intelligent virtual assistant in oral surgery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 24:46-52. [PMID: 38162955 PMCID: PMC10755495 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AI has revolutionized the way we interact with technology. Noteworthy advances in AI algorithms and large language models (LLM) have led to the development of natural generative language (NGL) systems such as ChatGPT. Although these LLM can simulate human conversations and generate content in real time, they face challenges related to the topicality and accuracy of the information they generate. This study aimed to assess whether ChatGPT-4 could provide accurate and reliable answers to general dentists in the field of oral surgery, and thus explore its potential as an intelligent virtual assistant in clinical decision making in oral surgery. Thirty questions related to oral surgery were posed to ChatGPT4, each question repeated 30 times. Subsequently, a total of 900 responses were obtained. Two surgeons graded the answers according to the guidelines of the Spanish Society of Oral Surgery, using a three-point Likert scale (correct, partially correct/incomplete, and incorrect). Disagreements were arbitrated by an experienced oral surgeon, who provided the final grade Accuracy was found to be 71.7%, and consistency of the experts' grading across iterations, ranged from moderate to almost perfect. ChatGPT-4, with its potential capabilities, will inevitably be integrated into dental disciplines, including oral surgery. In the future, it could be considered as an auxiliary intelligent virtual assistant, though it would never replace oral surgery experts. Proper training and verified information by experts will remain vital to the implementation of the technology. More comprehensive research is needed to ensure the safe and successful application of AI in oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Suárez
- Department of Pre-Clinic Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Jiménez
- Department of Clinic Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Llorente de Pedro
- Department of Pre-Clinic Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Andreu-Vázquez
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Díaz-Flores García
- Department of Pre-Clinic Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Gómez Sánchez
- Department of Pre-Clinic Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Freire
- Department of Pre-Clinic Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Bhattarai K, Oh IY, Sierra JM, Tang J, Payne PRO, Abrams Z, Lai AM. Leveraging GPT-4 for identifying cancer phenotypes in electronic health records: a performance comparison between GPT-4, GPT-3.5-turbo, Flan-T5, Llama-3-8B, and spaCy's rule-based and machine learning-based methods. JAMIA Open 2024; 7:ooae060. [PMID: 38962662 PMCID: PMC11221943 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Accurately identifying clinical phenotypes from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) provides additional insights into patients' health, especially when such information is unavailable in structured data. This study evaluates the application of OpenAI's Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-4 model to identify clinical phenotypes from EHR text in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The goal was to identify disease stages, treatments and progression utilizing GPT-4, and compare its performance against GPT-3.5-turbo, Flan-T5-xl, Flan-T5-xxl, Llama-3-8B, and 2 rule-based and machine learning-based methods, namely, scispaCy and medspaCy. Materials and Methods Phenotypes such as initial cancer stage, initial treatment, evidence of cancer recurrence, and affected organs during recurrence were identified from 13 646 clinical notes for 63 NSCLC patients from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The performance of the GPT-4 model is evaluated against GPT-3.5-turbo, Flan-T5-xxl, Flan-T5-xl, Llama-3-8B, medspaCy, and scispaCy by comparing precision, recall, and micro-F1 scores. Results GPT-4 achieved higher F1 score, precision, and recall compared to Flan-T5-xl, Flan-T5-xxl, Llama-3-8B, medspaCy, and scispaCy's models. GPT-3.5-turbo performed similarly to that of GPT-4. GPT, Flan-T5, and Llama models were not constrained by explicit rule requirements for contextual pattern recognition. spaCy models relied on predefined patterns, leading to their suboptimal performance. Discussion and Conclusion GPT-4 improves clinical phenotype identification due to its robust pre-training and remarkable pattern recognition capability on the embedded tokens. It demonstrates data-driven effectiveness even with limited context in the input. While rule-based models remain useful for some tasks, GPT models offer improved contextual understanding of the text, and robust clinical phenotype extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Bhattarai
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Inez Y Oh
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jonathan Moran Sierra
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Philip R O Payne
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Zach Abrams
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Albert M Lai
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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10
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Abujaber AA, Nashwan AJ. Ethical framework for artificial intelligence in healthcare research: A path to integrity. World J Methodol 2024; 14:94071. [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i3.94071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare research promises unprecedented advancements in medical diagnostics, treatment personalization, and patient care management. However, these innovations also bring forth significant ethical challenges that must be addressed to maintain public trust, ensure patient safety, and uphold data integrity. This article sets out to introduce a detailed framework designed to steer governance and offer a systematic method for assuring that AI applications in healthcare research are developed and executed with integrity and adherence to medical research ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Abujaber
- Department of Nursing, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH), Doha 3050, Qatar
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11
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Turan Eİ, Baydemir AE, Özcan FG, Şahin AS. Evaluating the accuracy of ChatGPT-4 in predicting ASA scores: A prospective multicentric study ChatGPT-4 in ASA score prediction. J Clin Anesth 2024; 96:111475. [PMID: 38657530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the potential of ChatGPT-4, developed by OpenAI, in enhancing medical decision-making processes, particularly in preoperative assessments using the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scoring system. The ASA score, a critical tool in evaluating patients' health status and anesthesia risks before surgery, categorizes patients from I to VI based on their overall health and risk factors. Despite its widespread use, determining accurate ASA scores remains a subjective process that may benefit from AI-supported assessments. This research aims to evaluate ChatGPT-4's capability to predict ASA scores accurately compared to expert anesthesiologists' assessments. METHODS In this prospective multicentric study, ethical board approval was obtained, and the study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06321445). We included 2851 patients from anesthesiology outpatient clinics, spanning neonates to all age groups and genders, with ASA scores between I-IV. Exclusion criteria were set for ASA V and VI scores, emergency operations, and insufficient information for ASA score determination. Data on patients' demographics, health conditions, and ASA scores by anesthesiologists were collected and anonymized. ChatGPT-4 was then tasked with assigning ASA scores based on the standardized patient data. RESULTS Our results indicate a high level of concordance between ChatGPT-4 predictions and anesthesiologists' evaluations, with Cohen's kappa analysis showing a kappa value of 0.858 (p = 0.000). While the model demonstrated over 90% accuracy in predicting ASA scores I to III, it showed a notable variance in ASA IV scores, suggesting a potential limitation in assessing patients with more complex health conditions. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that ChatGPT-4 can significantly contribute to the medical field by supporting anesthesiologists in preoperative assessments. This study not only demonstrates ChatGPT-4's efficacy in medical data analysis and decision-making but also opens new avenues for AI applications in healthcare, particularly in enhancing patient safety and optimizing surgical outcomes. Further research is needed to refine AI models for complex case assessments and integrate them seamlessly into clinical workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin İhsan Turan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul Health Science University Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Funda Gümüş Özcan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Basaksehir Cam ve Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Sultan Şahin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul Health Science University Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hong SM, Morgan BJ, Stocker MD, Smith JE, Kim MS, Cho KH, Pachepsky YA. Using machine learning models to estimate Escherichia coli concentration in an irrigation pond from water quality and drone-based RGB imagery data. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121861. [PMID: 38875854 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and efficient quantification of Escherichia coli concentrations is crucial for monitoring water quality. Remote sensing techniques and machine learning algorithms have been used to detect E. coli in water and estimate its concentrations. The application of these approaches, however, is challenged by limited sample availability and unbalanced water quality datasets. In this study, we estimated the E. coli concentration in an irrigation pond in Maryland, USA, during the summer season using demosaiced natural color (red, green, and blue: RGB) imagery in the visible and infrared spectral ranges, and a set of 14 water quality parameters. We did this by deploying four machine learning models - Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and K-nearest Neighbor (KNN) - under three data utilization scenarios: water quality parameters only, combined water quality and small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS)-based RGB data, and RGB data only. To select the training and test datasets, we applied two data-splitting methods: ordinary and quantile data splitting. These methods provided a constant splitting ratio in each decile of the E. coli concentration distribution. Quantile data splitting resulted in better model performance metrics and smaller differences between the metrics for both the training and testing datasets. When trained with quantile data splitting after hyperparameter optimization, models RF, GBM, and XGB had R2 values above 0.847 for the training dataset and above 0.689 for the test dataset. The combination of water quality and RGB imagery data resulted in a higher R2 value (>0.896) for the test dataset. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) of the relative importance of variables revealed that the visible blue spectrum intensity and water temperature were the most influential parameters in the RF model. Demosaiced RGB imagery served as a useful predictor of E. coli concentration in the studied irrigation pond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Min Hong
- USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 173, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA; Department of Civil Urban Earth and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Billie J Morgan
- USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 173, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Matthew D Stocker
- USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 173, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Jaclyn E Smith
- USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 173, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Moon S Kim
- USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 173, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Yakov A Pachepsky
- USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 173, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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Ma J, Wang P, Kong D, Wang Z, Liu J, Pei H, Zhao J. Robust Visual Question Answering: Datasets, Methods, and Future Challenges. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 2024; 46:5575-5594. [PMID: 38358867 DOI: 10.1109/tpami.2024.3366154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Visual question answering requires a system to provide an accurate natural language answer given an image and a natural language question. However, it is widely recognized that previous generic VQA methods often tend to memorize biases present in the training data rather than learning proper behaviors, such as grounding images before predicting answers. Therefore, these methods usually achieve high in-distribution but poor out-of-distribution performance. In recent years, various datasets and debiasing methods have been proposed to evaluate and enhance the VQA robustness, respectively. This paper provides the first comprehensive survey focused on this emerging fashion. Specifically, we first provide an overview of the development process of datasets from in-distribution and out-of-distribution perspectives. Then, we examine the evaluation metrics employed by these datasets. Third, we propose a typology that presents the development process, similarities and differences, robustness comparison, and technical features of existing debiasing methods. Furthermore, we analyze and discuss the robustness of representative vision-and-language pre-training models on VQA. Finally, through a thorough review of the available literature and experimental analysis, we discuss the key areas for future research from various viewpoints.
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van Nuland M, Snoep JD, Egberts T, Erdogan A, Wassink R, van der Linden PD. Poor performance of ChatGPT in clinical rule-guided dose interventions in hospitalized patients with renal dysfunction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:1133-1140. [PMID: 38592470 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-024-03687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are used to identify drugs with potential need for dose modification in patients with renal impairment. ChatGPT holds the potential to be integrated in the electronic health record (EHR) system to give such dosing advices. In this study, we aim to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in clinical rule-guided dose interventions in hospitalized patients with renal impairment. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed at Tergooi Medical Center, the Netherlands. CDSS alerts regarding renal dysfunction were collected from the electronic health record (EHR) during a 2-week period and were presented to ChatGPT and an expert panel. Alerts were presented with and without patient variables. To evaluate the performance, suggested medication interventions were compared. RESULTS In total, 172 CDDS alerts were generated for 80 patients. Indecisive responses by ChatGPT to alerts were excluded. For alerts presented without patient variables, ChatGPT provided "correct and identical" responses to 19.9%, "correct and different" responses to 26.7%, and "incorrect responses to 53.4% of the alerts. For alerts including patient variables, ChatGPT provided "correct and identical" responses to 16.7%, "correct and different" responses to 16.0%, and "incorrect responses to 67.3% of the alerts. Accuracy was better for newer drugs such as direct oral anticoagulants. CONCLUSION The performance of ChatGPT in clinical rule-guided dose interventions in hospitalized patients with renal dysfunction was poor. Based on these results, we conclude that ChatGPT, in its current state, is not appropriate for automatic integration into our EHR to handle CDSS alerts related to renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel van Nuland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tergooi Medical Center, Laan van Tergooi 2, 1212 VG, Hilversum, The Netherlands.
| | - JaapJan D Snoep
- Department of Nephrology, Tergooi Medical Center, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - Toine Egberts
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Abdullah Erdogan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tergooi Medical Center, Laan van Tergooi 2, 1212 VG, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - Ricky Wassink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tergooi Medical Center, Laan van Tergooi 2, 1212 VG, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D van der Linden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tergooi Medical Center, Laan van Tergooi 2, 1212 VG, Hilversum, The Netherlands
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15
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Khan S, Bhushan B. Machine Learning Predicts Patients With New-onset Diabetes at Risk of Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:681-691. [PMID: 37522752 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New-onset diabetes represent a high-risk cohort to screen for pancreatic cancer. GOALS Develop a machine model to predict pancreatic cancer among patients with new-onset diabetes. STUDY A retrospective cohort of patients with new-onset diabetes was assembled from multiple health care networks in the United States. An XGBoost machine learning model was designed from a portion of this cohort (the training set) and tested on the remaining part of the cohort (the test set). Shapley values were used to explain the XGBoost's model features. Model performance was compared with 2 contemporary models designed to predict pancreatic cancer among patients with new-onset diabetes. RESULTS In the test set, the XGBoost model had an area under the curve of 0.80 (0.76 to 0.85) compared with 0.63 and 0.68 for other models. Using cutoffs based on the Youden index, the sensitivity of the XGBoost model was 75%, the specificity was 70%, the accuracy was 70%, the positive predictive value was 1.2%, and the negative predictive value was >99%. The XGBoost model obtained a positive predictive value of at least 2.5% with a sensitivity of 38%. The XGBoost model was the only model that detected at least 50% of patients with cancer one year after the onset of diabetes. All 3 models had similar features that predicted pancreatic cancer, including older age, weight loss, and the rapid destabilization of glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSION Machine learning models isolate a high-risk cohort from those with new-onset diabetes at risk for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Khan
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Bharath Bhushan
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
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Hammoudi Halat D, Shami R, Daud A, Sami W, Soltani A, Malki A. Artificial Intelligence Readiness, Perceptions, and Educational Needs Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e925. [PMID: 38970241 PMCID: PMC11226543 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With Artificial Intelligence (AI) profoundly affecting education, ensuring that students in health disciplines are ready to embrace AI is essential for their future workforce integration. This study aims to explore dental students' readiness to use AI, perceptions about AI in health education and healthcare, and their AI-related educational needs. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among dental students at the College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University. The survey assessed readiness for AI using the Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale (MAIRS). Students' perceptions of AI in healthcare and health education and their educational needs were also explored. RESULTS A total of 94 students responded to the survey. AI readiness scores were average (3.3 ± 0.64 out of 5); while participants appeared more ready for the vision and ethics domains of MAIRS, they showed less readiness regarding cognition and ability. Participants scored average on AI perceptions (3.35 ± 0.45 out of 5), with concerns regarding AI risks and disadvantages. They expressed a high need for knowledge and skills related to AI use in healthcare (84%), AI for health-related research (81.9%), and AI in radiology and imaging procedures (79.8%). Student readiness had a significant correlation with AI perceptions and perceived level of AI knowledge. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in Qatar exploring dental students' AI readiness, perceptions, and educational needs regarding AI applications in education and healthcare. The perceived AI knowledge gaps could inform future curricular AI integration. Advancing AI skills and deepening AI comprehension can empower future dental professionals through anticipated advances in the AI-driven healthcare landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rula Shami
- Department of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineQU Health, Qatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Alaa Daud
- Department of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineQU Health, Qatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Waqas Sami
- Department of Pre‐Clinical Affairs, College of NursingQU Health, Qatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | | | - Ahmed Malki
- Academic Quality DepartmentQU Health, Qatar UniversityDohaQatar
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Núñez R, Doña I, Cornejo-García JA. Predictive models and applicability of artificial intelligence-based approaches in drug allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:189-194. [PMID: 38814733 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Drug allergy is responsible for a huge burden on public healthcare systems, representing in some instances a threat for patient's life. Diagnosis is complex due to the heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes and mechanisms involved, the limitations of in vitro tests, and the associated risk to in vivo tests. Predictive models, including those using recent advances in artificial intelligence, may circumvent these drawbacks, leading to an appropriate classification of patients and improving their management in clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS Scores and predictive models to assess drug allergy development, including patient risk stratification, are scarce and usually apply logistic regression analysis. Over recent years, different methods encompassed under the general umbrella of artificial intelligence, including machine and deep learning, and artificial neural networks, are emerging as powerful tools to provide reliable and optimal models for clinical diagnosis, prediction, and precision medicine in different types of drug allergy. SUMMARY This review provides general concepts and current evidence supporting the potential utility of predictive models and artificial intelligence branches in drug allergy diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Núñez
- Allergy Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA)-BIONAND Platform
| | - Inmaculada Doña
- Allergy Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA)-BIONAND Platform
- Allergy Unit, Malaga Regional University Hospital, Malaga
- Inflammatory Diseases Network (RICORS, RD21/0002/0008, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Málaga, Spain
| | - José Antonio Cornejo-García
- Allergy Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA)-BIONAND Platform
- Allergy Unit, Malaga Regional University Hospital, Malaga
- Inflammatory Diseases Network (RICORS, RD21/0002/0008, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Málaga, Spain
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Langston E, Charness N, Boot W. Are Virtual Assistants Trustworthy for Medicare Information: An Examination of Accuracy and Reliability. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnae062. [PMID: 38832398 PMCID: PMC11258897 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Advances in artificial intelligence (AI)-based virtual assistants provide a potential opportunity for older adults to use this technology in the context of health information-seeking. Meta-analysis on trust in AI shows that users are influenced by the accuracy and reliability of the AI trustee. We evaluated these dimensions for responses to Medicare queries. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS During the summer of 2023, we assessed the accuracy and reliability of Alexa, Google Assistant, Bard, and ChatGPT-4 on Medicare terminology and general content from a large, standardized question set. We compared the accuracy of these AI systems to that of a large representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries who were queried twenty years prior. RESULTS Alexa and Google Assistant were found to be highly inaccurate when compared to beneficiaries' mean accuracy of 68.4% on terminology queries and 53.0% on general Medicare content. Bard and ChatGPT-4 answered Medicare terminology queries perfectly and performed much better on general Medicare content queries (Bard = 96.3%, ChatGPT-4 = 92.6%) than the average Medicare beneficiary. About one month to a month-and-a-half later, we found that Bard and Alexa's accuracy stayed the same, whereas ChatGPT-4's performance nominally decreased, and Google Assistant's performance nominally increased. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS LLM-based assistants generate trustworthy information in response to carefully phrased queries about Medicare, in contrast to Alexa and Google Assistant. Further studies will be needed to determine what factors beyond accuracy and reliability influence the adoption and use of such technology for Medicare decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Langston
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Neil Charness
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Walter Boot
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Boneš E, Gergolet M, Bohak C, Lesar Ž, Marolt M. Automatic Segmentation and Alignment of Uterine Shapes from 3D Ultrasound Data. Comput Biol Med 2024; 178:108794. [PMID: 38941903 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uterus is the most important organ in the female reproductive system. Its shape plays a critical role in fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Advances in medical imaging, such as 3D ultrasound, have significantly improved the exploration of the female genital tract, thereby enhancing gynecological healthcare. Despite well-documented data for organs like the liver and heart, large-scale studies on the uterus are lacking. Existing classifications, such as VCUAM and ESHRE/ESGE, provide different definitions for normal uterine shapes but are not based on real-world measurements. Moreover, the lack of comprehensive datasets significantly hinders research in this area. Our research, part of the larger NURSE study, aims to fill this gap by establishing the shape of a normal uterus using real-world 3D vaginal ultrasound scans. This will facilitate research into uterine shape abnormalities associated with infertility and recurrent miscarriages. METHODS We developed an automated system for the segmentation and alignment of uterine shapes from 3D ultrasound data, which consists of two steps: automatic segmentation of the uteri in 3D ultrasound scans using deep learning techniques, and alignment of the resulting shapes with standard geometrical approaches, enabling the extraction of the normal shape for future analysis. The system was trained and validated on a comprehensive dataset of 3D ultrasound images from multiple medical centers. Its performance was evaluated by comparing the automated results with manual annotations provided by expert clinicians. RESULTS The presented approach demonstrated high accuracy in segmenting and aligning uterine shapes from 3D ultrasound data. The segmentation achieved an average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.90. Our method for aligning uterine shapes showed minimal translation and rotation errors compared to traditional methods, with the preliminary average shape exhibiting characteristics consistent with expert findings of a normal uterus. CONCLUSION We have presented an approach to automatically segment and align uterine shapes from 3D ultrasound data. We trained a deep learning nnU-Net model that achieved high accuracy and proposed an alignment method using a combination of standard geometrical techniques. Additionally, we have created a publicly available dataset of 3D transvaginal ultrasound volumes with manual annotations of uterine cavities to support further research and development in this field. The dataset and the trained models are available at https://github.com/UL-FRI-LGM/UterUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Boneš
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Marco Gergolet
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Ciril Bohak
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Visual Computing Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Žiga Lesar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Matija Marolt
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
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Viswanathan VS, Parmar V, Madabhushi A. Towards equitable AI in oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:628-637. [PMID: 38849530 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) stands at the threshold of revolutionizing clinical oncology, with considerable potential to improve early cancer detection and risk assessment, and to enable more accurate personalized treatment recommendations. However, a notable imbalance exists in the distribution of the benefits of AI, which disproportionately favour those living in specific geographical locations and in specific populations. In this Perspective, we discuss the need to foster the development of equitable AI tools that are both accurate in and accessible to a diverse range of patient populations, including those in low-income to middle-income countries. We also discuss some of the challenges and potential solutions in attaining equitable AI, including addressing the historically limited representation of diverse populations in existing clinical datasets and the use of inadequate clinical validation methods. Additionally, we focus on extant sources of inequity including the type of model approach (such as deep learning, and feature engineering-based methods), the implications of dataset curation strategies, the need for rigorous validation across a variety of populations and settings, and the risk of introducing contextual bias that comes with developing tools predominantly in high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vani Parmar
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Head & Neck Cancer Institute of India, Mumbai, India
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Fung E, Patel D, Tatum S. Artificial intelligence in maxillofacial and facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 32:257-262. [PMID: 38837245 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a current review of artificial intelligence and its subtypes in maxillofacial and facial plastic surgery including a discussion of implications and ethical concerns. RECENT FINDINGS Artificial intelligence has gained popularity in recent years due to technological advancements. The current literature has begun to explore the use of artificial intelligence in various medical fields, but there is limited contribution to maxillofacial and facial plastic surgery due to the wide variance in anatomical facial features as well as subjective influences. In this review article, we found artificial intelligence's roles, so far, are to automatically update patient records, produce 3D models for preoperative planning, perform cephalometric analyses, and provide diagnostic evaluation of oropharyngeal malignancies. SUMMARY Artificial intelligence has solidified a role in maxillofacial and facial plastic surgery within the past few years. As high-quality databases expand with more patients, the role for artificial intelligence to assist in more complicated and unique cases becomes apparent. Despite its potential, ethical questions have been raised that should be noted as artificial intelligence continues to thrive. These questions include concerns such as compromise of the physician-patient relationship and healthcare justice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sherard Tatum
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Liu Z, Kainth K, Zhou A, Deyer TW, Fayad ZA, Greenspan H, Mei X. A review of self-supervised, generative, and few-shot deep learning methods for data-limited magnetic resonance imaging segmentation. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5143. [PMID: 38523402 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a ubiquitous medical imaging technology with applications in disease diagnostics, intervention, and treatment planning. Accurate MRI segmentation is critical for diagnosing abnormalities, monitoring diseases, and deciding on a course of treatment. With the advent of advanced deep learning frameworks, fully automated and accurate MRI segmentation is advancing. Traditional supervised deep learning techniques have advanced tremendously, reaching clinical-level accuracy in the field of segmentation. However, these algorithms still require a large amount of annotated data, which is oftentimes unavailable or impractical. One way to circumvent this issue is to utilize algorithms that exploit a limited amount of labeled data. This paper aims to review such state-of-the-art algorithms that use a limited number of annotated samples. We explain the fundamental principles of self-supervised learning, generative models, few-shot learning, and semi-supervised learning and summarize their applications in cardiac, abdomen, and brain MRI segmentation. Throughout this review, we highlight algorithms that can be employed based on the quantity of annotated data available. We also present a comprehensive list of notable publicly available MRI segmentation datasets. To conclude, we discuss possible future directions of the field-including emerging algorithms, such as contrastive language-image pretraining, and potential combinations across the methods discussed-that can further increase the efficacy of image segmentation with limited labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Liu
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Komal Kainth
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Zhou
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy W Deyer
- East River Medical Imaging, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hayit Greenspan
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xueyan Mei
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Tozsin A, Ucmak H, Soyturk S, Aydin A, Gozen AS, Fahim MA, Güven S, Ahmed K. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: A Systematic Review. Surg Innov 2024; 31:415-423. [PMID: 38632898 DOI: 10.1177/15533506241248239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the artificial intelligence (AI) tools currently being studied in modern medical education, and critically evaluate the level of validation and the quality of evidence presented in each individual study. METHODS This review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023410752) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. A database search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Articles written in the English language between 2000 and March 2023 were reviewed retrospectively using the MeSH Terms "AI" and "medical education" A total of 4642 potentially relevant studies were found. RESULTS After a thorough screening process, 36 studies were included in the final analysis. These studies consisted of 26 quantitative studies and 10 studies investigated the development and validation of AI tools. When examining the results of studies in which Support vector machines (SVMs) were employed, it has demonstrated high accuracy in assessing students' experiences, diagnosing acute abdominal pain, classifying skilled and novice participants, and evaluating surgical training levels. Particularly in the comparison of surgical skill levels, it has achieved an accuracy rate of over 92%. CONCLUSION AI tools demonstrated effectiveness in improving practical skills, diagnosing diseases, and evaluating student performance. However, further research with rigorous validation is required to identify the most effective AI tools for medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinc Tozsin
- Department of Urology, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Harun Ucmak
- Department of Urology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Selim Soyturk
- Department of Urology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullatif Aydin
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Maha Al Fahim
- Medical Education Department, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Selcuk Güven
- Department of Urology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kamran Ahmed
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
- Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Chiarelli G, Stephens A, Finati M, Cirulli GO, Beatrici E, Filipas DK, Arora S, Tinsley S, Bhandari M, Carrieri G, Trinh QD, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Lughezzani G, Buffi N, Rogers C, Abdollah F. Adequacy of prostate cancer prevention and screening recommendations provided by an artificial intelligence-powered large language model. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:2589-2595. [PMID: 38564079 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the appropriateness of ChatGPT in providing answers related to prostate cancer (PCa) screening, comparing GPT-3.5 and GPT-4. METHODS A committee of five reviewers designed 30 questions related to PCa screening, categorized into three difficulty levels. The questions were formulated identically for both GPTs three times, varying the prompts. Each reviewer assigned a score for accuracy, clarity, and conciseness. The readability was assessed by the Flesch Kincaid Grade (FKG) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE). The mean scores were extracted and compared using the Wilcoxon test. We compared the readability across the three different prompts by ANOVA. RESULTS In GPT-3.5 the mean score (SD) for accuracy, clarity, and conciseness was 1.5 (0.59), 1.7 (0.45), 1.7 (0.49), respectively for easy questions; 1.3 (0.67), 1.6 (0.69), 1.3 (0.65) for medium; 1.3 (0.62), 1.6 (0.56), 1.4 (0.56) for hard. In GPT-4 was 2.0 (0), 2.0 (0), 2.0 (0.14), respectively for easy questions; 1.7 (0.66), 1.8 (0.61), 1.7 (0.64) for medium; 2.0 (0.24), 1.8 (0.37), 1.9 (0.27) for hard. GPT-4 performed better for all three qualities and difficulty levels than GPT-3.5. The FKG mean for GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 answers were 12.8 (1.75) and 10.8 (1.72), respectively; the FRE for GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 was 37.3 (9.65) and 47.6 (9.88), respectively. The 2nd prompt has achieved better results in terms of clarity (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GPT-4 displayed superior accuracy, clarity, conciseness, and readability than GPT-3.5. Though prompts influenced the quality response in both GPTs, their impact was significant only for clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Chiarelli
- VUI Center for Outcomes Research, Analysis, and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Stephens
- Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marco Finati
- VUI Center for Outcomes Research, Analysis, and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ottone Cirulli
- VUI Center for Outcomes Research, Analysis, and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Beatrici
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Dejan K Filipas
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sohrab Arora
- VUI Center for Outcomes Research, Analysis, and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Shane Tinsley
- VUI Center for Outcomes Research, Analysis, and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Mahendra Bhandari
- VUI Center for Outcomes Research, Analysis, and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lughezzani
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Buffi
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Craig Rogers
- VUI Center for Outcomes Research, Analysis, and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Firas Abdollah
- VUI Center for Outcomes Research, Analysis, and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Eberhard BW, Gray KJ, Bates DW, Kovacheva VP. Deep survival analysis for interpretable time-varying prediction of preeclampsia risk. J Biomed Inform 2024; 156:104688. [PMID: 39002866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2024.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Survival analysis is widely utilized in healthcare to predict the timing of disease onset. Traditional methods of survival analysis are usually based on Cox Proportional Hazards model and assume proportional risk for all subjects. However, this assumption is rarely true for most diseases, as the underlying factors have complex, non-linear, and time-varying relationships. This concern is especially relevant for pregnancy, where the risk for pregnancy-related complications, such as preeclampsia, varies across gestation. Recently, deep learning survival models have shown promise in addressing the limitations of classical models, as the novel models allow for non-proportional risk handling, capturing nonlinear relationships, and navigating complex temporal dynamics. METHODS We present a methodology to model the temporal risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy and investigate the associated clinical risk factors. We utilized a retrospective dataset including 66,425 pregnant individuals who delivered in two tertiary care centers from 2015 to 2023. We modeled the preeclampsia risk by modifying DeepHit, a deep survival model, which leverages neural network architecture to capture time-varying relationships between covariates in pregnancy. We applied time series k-means clustering to DeepHit's normalized output and investigated interpretability using Shapley values. RESULTS We demonstrate that DeepHit can effectively handle high-dimensional data and evolving risk hazards over time with performance similar to the Cox Proportional Hazards model, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 for both models. The deep survival model outperformed traditional methodology by identifying time-varied risk trajectories for preeclampsia, providing insights for early and individualized intervention. K-means clustering resulted in patients delineating into low-risk, early-onset, and late-onset preeclampsia groups-notably, each of those has distinct risk factors. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates a novel application of deep survival analysis in time-varying prediction of preeclampsia risk. Our results highlight the advantage of deep survival models compared to Cox Proportional Hazards models in providing personalized risk trajectory and demonstrating the potential of deep survival models to generate interpretable and meaningful clinical applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden W Eberhard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn J Gray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David W Bates
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Health Care Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Vesela P Kovacheva
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Saha R, Chauhan A, Rastogi Verma S. Machine learning: an advancement in biochemical engineering. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:497-519. [PMID: 38902585 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
One of the most remarkable techniques recently introduced into the field of bioprocess engineering is machine learning. Bioprocess engineering has drawn much attention due to its vast application in different domains like biopharmaceuticals, fossil fuel alternatives, environmental remediation, and food and beverage industry, etc. However, due to their unpredictable mechanisms, they are very often challenging to optimize. Furthermore, biological systems are extremely complicated; hence, machine learning algorithms could potentially be utilized to improve and build new biotechnological processes. Gaining insight into the fundamental mathematical understanding of commonly used machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine, Principal Component Analysis, Partial Least Squares and Reinforcement Learning, the present study aims to discuss various case studies related to the application of machine learning in bioprocess engineering. Recent advancements as well as challenges posed in this area along with their potential solutions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Smita Rastogi Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, 110042, India.
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27
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Gao Z, Li L, Ma S, Wang Q, Hemphill L, Xu R. Examining the Potential of ChatGPT on Biomedical Information Retrieval: Fact-Checking Drug-Disease Associations. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1919-1927. [PMID: 37855948 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have recently attracted significant attention due to their impressive performance on many real-world tasks. These models have also demonstrated the potential in facilitating various biomedical tasks. However, little is known of their potential in biomedical information retrieval, especially identifying drug-disease associations. This study aims to explore the potential of ChatGPT, a popular LLM, in discerning drug-disease associations. We collected 2694 true drug-disease associations and 5662 false drug-disease pairs. Our approach involved creating various prompts to instruct ChatGPT in identifying these associations. Under varying prompt designs, ChatGPT's capability to identify drug-disease associations with an accuracy of 74.6-83.5% and 96.2-97.6% for the true and false pairs, respectively. This study shows that ChatGPT has the potential in identifying drug-disease associations and may serve as a helpful tool in searching pharmacy-related information. However, the accuracy of its insights warrants comprehensive examination before its implementation in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Gao
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lingyao Li
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qinyong Wang
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Libby Hemphill
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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28
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Pavlovic ZJ, Jiang VS, Hariton E. Current applications of artificial intelligence in assisted reproductive technologies through the perspective of a patient's journey. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2024; 36:211-217. [PMID: 38597425 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights the timely relevance of artificial intelligence in enhancing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), particularly in-vitro fertilization (IVF). It underscores artificial intelligence's potential in revolutionizing patient outcomes and operational efficiency by addressing challenges in fertility diagnoses and procedures. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advancements in artificial intelligence, including machine learning and predictive modeling, are making significant strides in optimizing IVF processes such as medication dosing, scheduling, and embryological assessments. Innovations include artificial intelligence augmented diagnostic testing, predictive modeling for treatment outcomes, scheduling optimization, dosing and protocol selection, follicular and hormone monitoring, trigger timing, and improved embryo selection. These developments promise to refine treatment approaches, enhance patient engagement, and increase the accuracy and scalability of fertility treatments. SUMMARY The integration of artificial intelligence into reproductive medicine offers profound implications for clinical practice and research. By facilitating personalized treatment plans, standardizing procedures, and improving the efficiency of fertility clinics, artificial intelligence technologies pave the way for value-based, accessible, and efficient fertility services. Despite the promise, the full potential of artificial intelligence in ART will require ongoing validation and ethical considerations to ensure equitable and effective implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran J Pavlovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Victoria S Jiang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eduardo Hariton
- Reproductive Science Center of the San Francisco Bay Area, San Ramon, California, USA
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29
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Han L, Char DS, Aghaeepour N. Artificial Intelligence in Perioperative Care: Opportunities and Challenges. Anesthesiology 2024; 141:379-387. [PMID: 38980160 PMCID: PMC11239120 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000005013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have great potential to enhance perioperative care. This paper explores promising areas for AI in anesthesiology; expertise, stakeholders, and infrastructure for development; and barriers and challenges to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichy Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Danton S Char
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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30
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Janssen A, Bennis FC, Cnossen MH, Mathôt RAA. On inductive biases for the robust and interpretable prediction of drug concentrations using deep compartment models. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2024; 51:355-366. [PMID: 38532084 PMCID: PMC11255087 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-024-09906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Conventional pharmacokinetic (PK) models contain several useful inductive biases guiding model convergence to more realistic predictions of drug concentrations. Implementing similar biases in standard neural networks can be challenging, but might be fundamental for model robustness and predictive performance. In this study, we build on the deep compartment model (DCM) architecture by introducing constraints that guide the model to explore more physiologically realistic solutions. Using a simulation study, we show that constraints improve robustness in sparse data settings. Additionally, predicted concentration-time curves took on more realistic shapes compared to unconstrained models. Next, we propose the use of multi-branch networks, where each covariate can be connected to specific PK parameters, to reduce the propensity of models to learn spurious effects. Another benefit of this architecture is that covariate effects are isolated, enabling model interpretability through the visualization of learned functions. We show that all models were sensitive to learning false effects when trained in the presence of unimportant covariates, indicating the importance of selecting an appropriate set of covariates to link to the PK parameters. Finally, we compared the predictive performance of the constrained models to previous relevant population PK models on a real-world data set of 69 haemophilia A patients. Here, constrained models obtained higher accuracy compared to the standard DCM, with the multi-branch network outperforming previous PK models. We conclude that physiological-based constraints can improve model robustness. We describe an interpretable architecture which aids model trust, which will be key for the adoption of machine learning-based models in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Janssen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank C Bennis
- Follow Me & Emma Neuroscience Group, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon H Cnossen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A A Mathôt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ghoytasi I, Bavi O, Kaazempur Mofrad MR, Naghdabadi R. An in-silico study on the mechanical behavior of colorectal cancer cell lines in the micropipette aspiration process. Comput Biol Med 2024; 178:108744. [PMID: 38889631 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer alters the structural integrity and morphology of cells. Consequently, the cell function is overshadowed. In this study, the micropipette aspiration process is computationally modeled to predict the mechanical behavior of the colorectal cancer cells. The intended cancer cells are modeled as an incompressible Neo-Hookean visco-hyperelastic material. Also, the micropipette is assumed to be rigid with no deformation. The proposed model is validated with an in-vitro study. To capture the equilibrium and time-dependent behaviors of cells, ramp, and creep tests are respectively performed using the finite element method. Through the simulations, the effects of the micropipette geometry and the aspiration pressure on the colorectal cancer cell lines are investigated. Our findings indicate that, as the inner radius of the micropipette increases, despite the increase in deformation rate and aspirated length, the time to reach the equilibrium state increases. Nevertheless, it is obvious that increasing the tip curvature radius has a small effect on the change of the aspirated length. But, due to the decrease in the stress concentration, it drastically reduces the equilibrium time and increases the deformation rate significantly. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that increasing the aspiration pressure somehow causes the cell stiffening, thereby reducing the upward trend of deformation rate, equilibrium time, and aspirated length. Our findings provide valuable insights for researchers in cell therapy and cancer treatment and can aid in developing more precise microfluidic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ghoytasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 89694-14588, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Bavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Kaazempur Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Reza Naghdabadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 89694-14588, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, 89694-14588, Tehran, Iran.
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Chakrabarty N, Mahajan A. Imaging Analytics using Artificial Intelligence in Oncology: A Comprehensive Review. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:498-513. [PMID: 37806795 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The present era has seen a surge in artificial intelligence-related research in oncology, mainly using deep learning, because of powerful computer hardware, improved algorithms and the availability of large amounts of data from open-source domains and the use of transfer learning. Here we discuss the multifaceted role of deep learning in cancer care, ranging from risk stratification, the screening and diagnosis of cancer, to the prediction of genomic mutations, treatment response and survival outcome prediction, through the use of convolutional neural networks. Another role of artificial intelligence is in the generation of automated radiology reports, which is a boon in high-volume centres to minimise report turnaround time. Although a validated and deployable deep-learning model for clinical use is still in its infancy, there is ongoing research to overcome the barriers for its universal implementation and we also delve into this aspect. We also briefly describe the role of radiomics in oncoimaging. Artificial intelligence can provide answers pertaining to cancer management at baseline imaging, saving cost and time. Imaging biobanks, which are repositories of anonymised images, are also briefly described. We also discuss the commercialisation and ethical issues pertaining to artificial intelligence. The latest generation generalist artificial intelligence model is also briefly described at the end of the article. We believe this article will not only enrich knowledge, but also promote research acumen in the minds of readers to take oncoimaging to another level using artificial intelligence and also work towards clinical translation of such research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chakrabarty
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - A Mahajan
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
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33
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Huang Y, Liu T, Huang Q, Wang Y. From Organ-on-a-Chip to Human-on-a-Chip: A Review of Research Progress and Latest Applications. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3466-3488. [PMID: 38991227 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-Chip (OOC) technology, which emulates the physiological environment and functionality of human organs on a microfluidic chip, is undergoing significant technological advancements. Despite its rapid evolution, this technology is also facing notable challenges, such as the lack of vascularization, the development of multiorgan-on-a-chip systems, and the replication of the human body on a single chip. The progress of microfluidic technology has played a crucial role in steering OOC toward mimicking the human microenvironment, including vascularization, microenvironment replication, and the development of multiorgan microphysiological systems. Additionally, advancements in detection, analysis, and organoid imaging technologies have enhanced the functionality and efficiency of Organs-on-Chips (OOCs). In particular, the integration of artificial intelligence has revolutionized organoid imaging, significantly enhancing high-throughput drug screening. Consequently, this review covers the research progress of OOC toward Human-on-a-chip, the integration of sensors in OOCs, and the latest applications of organoid imaging technologies in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Huang
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan 610212, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qi Huang
- School of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Maniaci A, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Lechien JR. ChatGPT-4 Consistency in Interpreting Laryngeal Clinical Images of Common Lesions and Disorders. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024. [PMID: 39045737 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the consistency of Chatbot Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT)-4 in the analysis of clinical pictures of common laryngological conditions. STUDY DESIGN Prospective uncontrolled study. SETTING Multicenter study. METHODS Patient history and clinical videolaryngostroboscopic images were presented to ChatGPT-4 for differential diagnoses, management, and treatment(s). ChatGPT-4 responses were assessed by 3 blinded laryngologists with the artificial intelligence performance instrument (AIPI). The complexity of cases and the consistency between practitioners and ChatGPT-4 for interpreting clinical images were evaluated with a 5-point Likert Scale. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to measure the strength of interrater agreement. RESULTS Forty patients with a mean complexity score of 2.60 ± 1.15. were included. The mean consistency score for ChatGPT-4 image interpretation was 2.46 ± 1.42. ChatGPT-4 perfectly analyzed the clinical images in 6 cases (15%; 5/5), while the consistency between GPT-4 and judges was high in 5 cases (12.5%; 4/5). Judges reported an ICC of 0.965 for the consistency score (P = .001). ChatGPT-4 erroneously documented vocal fold irregularity (mass or lesion), glottic insufficiency, and vocal cord paralysis in 21 (52.5%), 2 (0.05%), and 5 (12.5%) cases, respectively. ChatGPT-4 and practitioners indicated 153 and 63 additional examinations, respectively (P = .001). The ChatGPT-4 primary diagnosis was correct in 20.0% to 25.0% of cases. The clinical image consistency score was significantly associated with the AIPI score (rs = 0.830; P = .001). CONCLUSION The ChatGPT-4 is more efficient in primary diagnosis, rather than in the image analysis, selecting the most adequate additional examinations and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Maniaci
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University, Enna, Italy
| | - Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), Paris, France
- Division of Laryngology and Broncho-esophagology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Donostia University Hospital Donosti-San, Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jérôme R Lechien
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Phonetics and Phonology Laboratory (UMR 7018 CNRS, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle/Paris 3), Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
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Rikhari H, Baidya Kayal E, Ganguly S, Sasi A, Sharma S, Antony A, Rangarajan K, Bakhshi S, Kandasamy D, Mehndiratta A. Improving lung nodule segmentation in thoracic CT scans through the ensemble of 3D U-Net models. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2024:10.1007/s11548-024-03222-y. [PMID: 39044036 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-024-03222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study explores the application of 3D U-Net architectures combined with Inception and ResNet modules for precise lung nodule detection through deep learning-based segmentation technique. This investigation is motivated by the objective of developing a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for effective diagnosis and prognostication of lung nodules in clinical settings. METHODS The proposed method trained four different 3D U-Net models on the retrospective dataset obtained from AIIMS Delhi. To augment the training dataset, affine transformations and intensity transforms were utilized. Preprocessing steps included CT scan voxel resampling, intensity normalization, and lung parenchyma segmentation. Model optimization utilized a hybrid loss function that combined Dice Loss and Focal Loss. The model performance of all four 3D U-Nets was evaluated patient-wise using dice coefficient and Jaccard coefficient, then averaged to obtain the average volumetric dice coefficient (DSCavg) and average Jaccard coefficient (IoUavg) on a test dataset comprising 53 CT scans. Additionally, an ensemble approach (Model-V) was utilized featuring 3D U-Net (Model-I), ResNet (Model-II), and Inception (Model-III) 3D U-Net architectures, combined with two distinct patch sizes for further investigation. RESULTS The ensemble of models obtained the highest DSCavg of 0.84 ± 0.05 and IoUavg of 0.74 ± 0.06 on the test dataset, compared against individual models. It mitigated false positives, overestimations, and underestimations observed in individual U-Net models. Moreover, the ensemble of models reduced average false positives per scan in the test dataset (1.57 nodules/scan) compared to individual models (2.69-3.39 nodules/scan). CONCLUSIONS The suggested ensemble approach presents a strong and effective strategy for automatically detecting and delineating lung nodules, potentially aiding CAD systems in clinical settings. This approach could assist radiologists in laborious and meticulous lung nodule detection tasks in CT scans, improving lung cancer diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Rikhari
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Esha Baidya Kayal
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Shuvadeep Ganguly
- Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Sasi
- Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Swetambri Sharma
- Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajith Antony
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Krithika Rangarajan
- Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Amit Mehndiratta
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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Cherif H, Moussa C, Missaoui AM, Salouage I, Mokaddem S, Dhahri B. Appraisal of ChatGPT's Aptitude for Medical Education: Comparative Analysis With Third-Year Medical Students in a Pulmonology Examination. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 10:e52818. [PMID: 39042876 DOI: 10.2196/52818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid evolution of ChatGPT has generated substantial interest and led to extensive discussions in both public and academic domains, particularly in the context of medical education. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate ChatGPT's performance in a pulmonology examination through a comparative analysis with that of third-year medical students. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a comparative analysis with 2 distinct groups. The first group comprised 244 third-year medical students who had previously taken our institution's 2020 pulmonology examination, which was conducted in French. The second group involved ChatGPT-3.5 in 2 separate sets of conversations: without contextualization (V1) and with contextualization (V2). In both V1 and V2, ChatGPT received the same set of questions administered to the students. RESULTS V1 demonstrated exceptional proficiency in radiology, microbiology, and thoracic surgery, surpassing the majority of medical students in these domains. However, it faced challenges in pathology, pharmacology, and clinical pneumology. In contrast, V2 consistently delivered more accurate responses across various question categories, regardless of the specialization. ChatGPT exhibited suboptimal performance in multiple choice questions compared to medical students. V2 excelled in responding to structured open-ended questions. Both ChatGPT conversations, particularly V2, outperformed students in addressing questions of low and intermediate difficulty. Interestingly, students showcased enhanced proficiency when confronted with highly challenging questions. V1 fell short of passing the examination. Conversely, V2 successfully achieved examination success, outperforming 139 (62.1%) medical students. CONCLUSIONS While ChatGPT has access to a comprehensive web-based data set, its performance closely mirrors that of an average medical student. Outcomes are influenced by question format, item complexity, and contextual nuances. The model faces challenges in medical contexts requiring information synthesis, advanced analytical aptitude, and clinical judgment, as well as in non-English language assessments and when confronted with data outside mainstream internet sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Cherif
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chirine Moussa
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Issam Salouage
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salma Mokaddem
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Besma Dhahri
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ono T, Iramina H, Hirashima H, Adachi T, Nakamura M, Mizowaki T. Applications of artificial intelligence for machine- and patient-specific quality assurance in radiation therapy: current status and future directions. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2024; 65:421-432. [PMID: 38798135 PMCID: PMC11262865 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Machine- and patient-specific quality assurance (QA) is essential to ensure the safety and accuracy of radiotherapy. QA methods have become complex, especially in high-precision radiotherapy such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and various recommendations have been reported by AAPM Task Groups. With the widespread use of IMRT and VMAT, there is an emerging demand for increased operational efficiency. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is quickly growing in various fields owing to advancements in computers and technology. In the radiotherapy treatment process, AI has led to the development of various techniques for automated segmentation and planning, thereby significantly enhancing treatment efficiency. Many new applications using AI have been reported for machine- and patient-specific QA, such as predicting machine beam data or gamma passing rates for IMRT or VMAT plans. Additionally, these applied technologies are being developed for multicenter studies. In the current review article, AI application techniques in machine- and patient-specific QA have been organized and future directions are discussed. This review presents the learning process and the latest knowledge on machine- and patient-specific QA. Moreover, it contributes to the understanding of the current status and discusses the future directions of machine- and patient-specific QA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ono
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shiga General Hospital, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama-shi 524-8524, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiraku Iramina
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hirashima
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takanori Adachi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Information Technology and Medical Engineering, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizowaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Yao L, Yang C, Graff JC, Wang G, Wang G, Gu W. From Reactive to Proactive - The Future Life Design to Promote Health and Extend the Human Lifespan. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400148. [PMID: 39037380 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Disease treatment and prevention have improved the human lifespan. Current studies on aging, such as the biological clock and senolytic drugs have focused on the medical treatments of various disorders and health maintenance. However, to efficiently extend the human lifespan to its theoretical maximum, medicine can take a further proactive approach and identify the inapparent disorders that affect the gestation, body growth, and reproductive stages of the so-called "healthy" population. The goal is to upgrade the standard health status to a new level by targeting the inapparent disorders. Thus, future research can shift from reaction, response, and prevention to proactive, quality promotion and vigor prolonging; from single disease-oriented to multiple dimension protocol for a healthy body; from treatment of symptom onset to keep away from disorders; and from the healthy aging management to a healthy promotion design beginning at the birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- College of Health management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Chengyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - J Carolyn Graff
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Guiying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150007, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150007, China
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Pahlevani M, Taghavi M, Vanberkel P. A systematic literature review of predicting patient discharges using statistical methods and machine learning. Health Care Manag Sci 2024:10.1007/s10729-024-09682-7. [PMID: 39037567 DOI: 10.1007/s10729-024-09682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Discharge planning is integral to patient flow as delays can lead to hospital-wide congestion. Because a structured discharge plan can reduce hospital length of stay while enhancing patient satisfaction, this topic has caught the interest of many healthcare professionals and researchers. Predicting discharge outcomes, such as destination and time, is crucial in discharge planning by helping healthcare providers anticipate patient needs and resource requirements. This article examines the literature on the prediction of various discharge outcomes. Our review discovered papers that explore the use of prediction models to forecast the time, volume, and destination of discharged patients. Of the 101 reviewed papers, 49.5% looked at the prediction with machine learning tools, and 50.5% focused on prediction with statistical methods. The fact that knowing discharge outcomes in advance affects operational, tactical, medical, and administrative aspects is a frequent theme in the papers studied. Furthermore, conducting system-wide optimization, predicting the time and destination of patients after discharge, and addressing the primary causes of discharge delay in the process are among the recommendations for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Pahlevani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5269 Morris Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, NS, Canada
| | - Majid Taghavi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5269 Morris Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, NS, Canada
- Sobey School of Business, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie, Halifax, B3H 3C3, NS, Canada
| | - Peter Vanberkel
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5269 Morris Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, NS, Canada.
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Finch L, Broach V, Feinberg J, Al-Niaimi A, Abu-Rustum NR, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Chi DS. ChatGPT compared to national guidelines for management of ovarian cancer: Did ChatGPT get it right? - A Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Team Ovary study. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 189:75-79. [PMID: 39042956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the performance of a chatbot compared to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines for the management of ovarian cancer. METHODS Using NCCN Guidelines, we generated 10 questions and answers regarding management of ovarian cancer at a single point in time. Questions were thematically divided into risk factors, surgical management, medical management, and surveillance. We asked ChatGPT (GPT-4) to provide responses without prompting (unprompted GPT) and with prompt engineering (prompted GPT). Responses were blinded and evaluated for accuracy and completeness by 5 gynecologic oncologists. A score of 0 was defined as inaccurate, 1 as accurate and incomplete, and 2 as accurate and complete. Evaluations were compared among NCCN, unprompted GPT, and prompted GPT answers. RESULTS Overall, 48% of responses from NCCN, 64% from unprompted GPT, and 66% from prompted GPT were accurate and complete. The percentage of accurate but incomplete responses was higher for NCCN vs GPT-4. The percentage of accurate and complete scores for questions regarding risk factors, surgical management, and surveillance was higher for GPT-4 vs NCCN; however, for questions regarding medical management, the percentage was lower for GPT-4 vs NCCN. Overall, 14% of responses from unprompted GPT, 12% from prompted GPT, and 10% from NCCN were inaccurate. CONCLUSIONS GPT-4 provided accurate and complete responses at a single point in time to a limited set of questions regarding ovarian cancer, with best performance in areas of risk factors, surgical management, and surveillance. Occasional inaccuracies, however, should limit unsupervised use of chatbots at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Finch
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vance Broach
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Feinberg
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Niaimi
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadeem R Abu-Rustum
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis S Chi
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Semrau S. Neural Network-Based Filter Design for Compressive Raman Classification of Cells. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5402-5412. [PMID: 38959402 PMCID: PMC11267571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are bound to revolutionize medicine, but significant technical hurdles must be overcome before wider adoption. In particular, nondestructive, label-free methods to characterize cells in real time are needed to optimize the production process and improve quality control. Raman spectroscopy, which provides a fingerprint of a cell's chemical composition, would be an ideal modality but is too slow for high-throughput applications. Compressive Raman techniques, which measure only linear combinations of Raman intensities, can be fast but require careful optimization to deliver high performance. Here, we develop a neural network model to identify optimal parameters for a compressive sensing scheme that reduces measurement time by 2 orders of magnitude. In a data set containing Raman spectra of three different cell types, it achieves up to 90% classification accuracy using only five linear combinations of Raman intensities. Our method thus unlocks the power of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of cell products.
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Xu Y, Zhang W, Ma X, Wu M, Jiang X. Retrospective analysis of interpretable machine learning in predicting ICU thrombocytopenia in geriatric ICU patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16738. [PMID: 39033248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed an interpretable machine learning algorithm that prospectively predicts the risk of thrombocytopenia in older critically ill patients during their stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), ultimately aiding clinical decision-making and improving patient care. Data from 2286 geriatric patients who underwent surgery and were admitted to the ICU of Dongyang People's Hospital between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Integrated algorithms were developed, and four machine-learning algorithms were used. Selected characteristics included common demographic data, biochemical indicators, and vital signs. Eight key variables were selected using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and Random Forest Algorithm. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 18.2% of postoperative geriatric patients, with a higher mortality rate. The C5.0 model showed the best performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve close to 0.85, along with unparalleled accuracy, precision, specificity, recall, and balanced accuracy scores of 0.88, 0.98, 0.89, 0.98, and 0.85, respectively. The support vector machine model excelled at predictively assessing thrombocytopenia severity, demonstrating an accuracy rate of 0.80 in the MIMIC database. Thus, our machine learning-based models have considerable potential in effectively predicting the risk and severity of postoperative thrombocytopenia in geriatric ICU patients for better clinical decision-making and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 60 Wuning West Road, Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 60 Wuning West Road, Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuchao Ma
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 60 Wuning West Road, Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Muying Wu
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 60 Wuning West Road, Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuandong Jiang
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 60 Wuning West Road, Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Dhiman A, Yom-Tov E, Pellis L, Edelstein M, Pebody R, Hayward A, House T, Finnie T, Guzman D, Lampos V, Cox IJ. Estimating the household secondary attack rate and serial interval of COVID-19 using social media. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:194. [PMID: 39033238 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose a method to estimate the household secondary attack rate (hSAR) of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom based on activity on the social media platform X, formerly known as Twitter. Conventional methods of hSAR estimation are resource intensive, requiring regular contact tracing of COVID-19 cases. Our proposed framework provides a complementary method that does not rely on conventional contact tracing or laboratory involvement, including the collection, processing, and analysis of biological samples. We use a text classifier to identify reports of people tweeting about themselves and/or members of their household having COVID-19 infections. A probabilistic analysis is then performed to estimate the hSAR based on the number of self or household, and self and household tweets of COVID-19 infection. The analysis includes adjustments for a reluctance of Twitter users to tweet about household members, and the possibility that the secondary infection was not acquired within the household. Experimental results for the UK, both monthly and weekly, are reported for the period from January 2020 to February 2022. Our results agree with previously reported hSAR estimates, varying with the primary variants of concern, e.g. delta and omicron. The serial interval (SI) is based on the time between the two tweets that indicate a primary and secondary infection. Experimental results, though larger than the consensus, are qualitatively similar. The estimation of hSAR and SI using social media data constitutes a new tool that may help in characterizing, forecasting and managing outbreaks and pandemics in a faster, affordable, and more efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarzoo Dhiman
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
- Centre of Excellence for Data Science, AI and Modelling, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | - Elad Yom-Tov
- Microsoft Research, Herzliya, Israel
- Department of Computer Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lorenzo Pellis
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Richard Pebody
- UK Health Security Agency, 61 Collingdate Avenue, NW9 5EQ, London, UK
| | - Andrew Hayward
- UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Thomas House
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Finnie
- UK Health Security Agency, 61 Collingdate Avenue, NW9 5EQ, London, UK
| | - David Guzman
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vasileios Lampos
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Ingemar J Cox
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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T R M, Gupta M, T A A, Kumar V V, Geman O, Kumar V D. An XAI-Enhanced EfficientNetB0 Framework for Precision Brain Tumor Detection in MRI Imaging. J Neurosci Methods 2024:110227. [PMID: 39038716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurately diagnosing brain tumors from MRI scans is crucial for effective treatment planning. While traditional methods heavily rely on radiologist expertise, the integration of AI, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has shown promise in improving accuracy. However, the lack of transparency in AI decision-making processes presents a challenge for clinical adoption. METHODS Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly the utilization of CNNs, have facilitated the development of models for medical image analysis. In this study, we employed the EfficientNetB0 architecture and integrated explainable AI techniques to enhance both accuracy and interpretability. Grad-CAM visualization was utilized to highlight significant areas in MRI scans influencing classification decisions. RESULTS Our model achieved a classification accuracy of 98.72% across four categories of brain tumors (Glioma, Meningioma, No Tumor, Pituitary), with precision and recall exceeding 97% for all categories. The incorporation of explainable AI techniques was validated through visual inspection of Grad-CAM heatmaps, which aligned well with established diagnostic markers in MRI scans. CONCLUSION The AI-enhanced EfficientNetB0 framework with explainable AI techniques significantly improves brain tumor classification accuracy to 98.72%, offering clear visual insights into the decision-making process. This method enhances diagnostic reliability and trust, demonstrating substantial potential for clinical adoption in medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh T R
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, 562112, India.
| | - Muskan Gupta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, 562112, India; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru - 572103, India; School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; Stefan Cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania; Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R & D Instiute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
| | - Anupama T A
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru - 572103, India.
| | - Vinoth Kumar V
- School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
| | - Oana Geman
- Stefan Cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania.
| | - Dhilip Kumar V
- Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R & D Instiute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
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Teshale AB, Htun HL, Vered M, Owen AJ, Freak-Poli R. A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Models for Time-to-Event Outcome Applied in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction. J Med Syst 2024; 48:68. [PMID: 39028429 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) based predictive models for early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are increasingly being utilised. However, AI based risk prediction models that account for right-censored data have been overlooked. This systematic review (PROSPERO protocol CRD42023492655) includes 33 studies that utilised machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models for survival outcome in CVD prediction. We provided details on the employed ML and DL models, eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques, and type of included variables, with a focus on social determinants of health (SDoH) and gender-stratification. Approximately half of the studies were published in 2023 with the majority from the United States. Random Survival Forest (RSF), Survival Gradient Boosting models, and Penalised Cox models were the most frequently employed ML models. DeepSurv was the most frequently employed DL model. DL models were better at predicting CVD outcomes than ML models. Permutation-based feature importance and Shapley values were the most utilised XAI methods for explaining AI models. Moreover, only one in five studies performed gender-stratification analysis and very few incorporate the wide range of SDoH factors in their prediction model. In conclusion, the evidence indicates that RSF and DeepSurv models are currently the optimal models for predicting CVD outcomes. This study also highlights the better predictive ability of DL survival models, compared to ML models. Future research should ensure the appropriate interpretation of AI models, accounting for SDoH, and gender stratification, as gender plays a significant role in CVD occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Htet Lin Htun
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mor Vered
- Department of Data Science and AI, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alice J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Mao Y, Li H, Xu Y, Wang S, Yin X, Fan K, Ding Z, Wang Y. Early detection of gray blight in tea leaves and rapid screening of resistance varieties by hyperspectral imaging technology. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39030928 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gray blight (GB) is a significant disease of tea leaves, posing a severe threat to both the yield and quality. In this study, the process of leaf infection by a pathogenic isolate of the GB disease (DDZ-6) was simulated. Hyperspectral images of normal leaves, infected leaves without symptoms, and infected leaves with mild and moderate symptoms were collected. Combining convolution neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms, the early detection model of GB disease, and the rapid screening model of resistant varieties were established. The generality of this method was verified by collecting datasets under field conditions. RESULTS The visible red-light band demonstrated a pronounced responsiveness to GB disease, with three sensitive bands identified through rigorous screening processes utilizing uninformative variable elimination (UVE), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and the successive projections algorithm (SPA). The 693, 727, and 766 nm bands emerged as highly sensitive indicators of GB. Under ideal conditions, the CARS-LSTM model excelled in early detection of GB, achieving an accuracy of 92.6%. However, under field conditions, the combination of 693 and 727 nm bands integrated with a CNN provided the most effective early detection model, attaining an accuracy of 87.8%. For screening tea varieties resistant to GB, the SPA-LSTM model excelled, achieving an accuracy of 82.9%. CONCLUSION This study provides a core algorithm for a GB disease instrument with detection capabilities, which is of great importance for the early prevention of GB disease in tea plantations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Mao
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - He Li
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyue Yin
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Wang L, Feng W, Zhang J, Li T. Fitness or socializing - A multi-dimensional analysis of online fitness communities users. iScience 2024; 27:109753. [PMID: 39040059 PMCID: PMC11261065 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The digital and social network revolution in the fitness industry will provide consumers with opportunities to achieve their healthy and active lifestyle goals both online and offline. The online fitness communities provide us an ideal context for the health behavior research with behavioral logs and user-generated content. Enhanced user profiles can empower platform operators to implement more tailored recommendations, thereby enhancing the efficiency of precision marketing and fitness promotion. This study aims to accurately construct user profiles for Chinese online fitness community users and provide future health promotion strategies accordingly. We propose a novel approach that integrates explicit behavior logs and implicit user preferences to accurately construct user profiles. Our findings indicate that users primarily prioritize fitness benefits, incentives, and decision-making. Our results demonstrate the relationship between fitness behavior and implicit preferences, suggesting that promoting fitness behavior can be achieved through streamlining decision-making processes, establishing incentive communities, and emphasizing benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Shandong University, School of Management, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Wanxuan Feng
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Jianghua Zhang
- Shandong University, School of Management, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Tuojian Li
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
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Lock HS, Tan PYS, Ng CY, Ooi J. Exploring the potential of digital twin technology as a training tool for new radiographers. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2024; 55:101431. [PMID: 39032238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A digital twin is a virtual representation of the real world. This paper presents the concept of a digital twin system that reflects the movements of the human skeleton as the body is repositioned. Digital twin technology has the ability to be used as a training tool for new radiographers to build their competencies due to its ability to provide visual feedback without the use of radiation. This study aims to evaluate the perceptions of radiography trainers and trainees regarding the utility of digital twin technology. METHODS The concept of digital twin technology was demonstrated to 46 trainers and trainees. Surveys were distributed online on the same day as the demonstration to gather feedback from the participants regarding the perceived usefulness of digital twin technology. For dichotomized and categorical variables, the relationships among these variables were examined using either the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the open-ended questions. RESULTS Most respondents were willing to use digital twin technology (91.1 %) and agreed that it would be useful for education and training purposes (95.5 %). They also felt that it would improve radiographic skills (84.4 %) and confidence (93.3 %). Concerns regarding the product included its sensitivity to capturing subtle changes in positioning and its user-friendliness in terms of customization, and potential dependence on technology when positioning patients. CONCLUSION Digital twin technology has the potential to be a valuable training tool by allowing radiographers to hone their radiographic skills in a safe environment without the need for radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shan Lock
- Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889.
| | | | - Chow Yong Ng
- Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889
| | - Jolene Ooi
- Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889
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Atalla ADG, El-Ashry AM, Mohamed Sobhi Mohamed S. The moderating role of ethical awareness in the relationship between nurses' artificial intelligence perceptions, attitudes, and innovative work behavior: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:488. [PMID: 39026317 PMCID: PMC11256689 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence is rapidly advancing and being integrated into healthcare, potentially revolutionizing patient care and improving outcomes by leveraging large datasets and complex algorithms. AIM Investigate the moderating role of ethical awareness between nurses' artificial intelligence perceptions, attitudes, and innovative work behaviors. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design adhering to STROBE guidelines. A non-probability convenience sample of 415 Alexandria Main University Hospital nurses was analyzed. Statistical methods included one-way ANOVA, the student t-test, and the Pearson coefficient, with results evaluated for significance at the 5% level and internal consistency assessed via Cronbach's α. Linear regression assessed the predicting and moderating effect between ethical awareness, nurses' artificial intelligence perceptions, attitudes, and innovative work behavior. The perceptions of using the Artificial Intelligence Scale, general attitudes towards the Artificial Intelligence Scale, ethical awareness of Using Artificial Intelligence, and the Employee Innovative Behavior Scale were used to respond to the research aim. RESULTS The study revealed that perception of AI use among nurses has a mean score of 50.25 (SD = 3.49), attitudes towards AI have a mean score of 71.40 (SD = 4.98), ethical awareness regarding AI use shows a mean score of 43.85 (SD = 3.39), and nurses innovative behavior exhibits a mean score of 83.63 (SD = 5.22). Attitude and ethical awareness were statistically significant predictors of innovation. Specifically, for every one-unit increase in attitude, innovative work behaviors increase by 1.796 units (p = 0.001), and for every one-unit increase in ethical awareness, innovative work behaviors increase by 2.567 units (p = 0.013). The interaction effects between perception, ethical awareness, attitude, and ethical awareness were also examined. Only the interaction between attitude and ethical awareness was found to be significant (p = 0.002), suggesting that the effect of attitude on innovative work behaviors depends on the level of ethical awareness. In other words, ethical awareness moderates the relationship between attitudes and innovative work behaviors rather than perception and innovation. CONCLUSION There is a statistically significant correlation between attitude, ethical awareness, and creativity, highlighting that ethical awareness moderates the relationship between attitudes and innovative work behaviors. These findings emphasize the importance of ethical awareness in fostering positive attitudes towards AI and enhancing innovative practices in nursing, ultimately contributing to nurses' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Cheng H, Yang Y, Shi J, Li Z, Feng Y, Wang X. Comparison of automated deep neural network against manual sleep stage scoring in clinical data. Comput Biol Med 2024; 179:108855. [PMID: 39029432 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy and generalizability of an automated deep neural network and the Philip Sleepware G3™ Somnolyzer system (Somnolyzer) for sleep stage scoring using American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) guidelines. METHODS Sleep recordings from 104 participants were analyzed by a convolutional neural network (CNN), the Somnolyzer and skillful technicians. Evaluation metrics were derived for different combinations of sleep stages. A further comparison between the Somnolyzer and the CNN model using a single-channel signal as input was also performed. Sleep recordings from 263 participants with a lower prevalence of OSA served as a cross-validation dataset to validate the generalizability of the CNN model. RESULTS The overall agreement between automated and manual scoring for sleep staging in 104 participants outperformed that of the Somnolyzer according to various metrics (accuracy: 81.81 % vs. 77.07 %; F1: 76.36 % vs. 73.80 %; Cohen's kappa: 0.7403 vs. 0.6848). The results showed that the left electrooculography (EOG) single-channel model had minor advantages over the Somnolyzer. In terms of consistency with manual sleep staging, the CNN model demonstrated superior performance in identifying more pronounced sleep transitions, particularly in the N2 stage and sleep latency metrics. Conversely, the Somnolyzer showed enhanced proficiency in the analysis of REM stages, notably in measuring REM latency. The accuracy in the cross-validation set of 263 participants was also above 80 %. CONCLUSIONS The CNN-based automated deep neural network outperformed the Somnolyzer and is sufficiently accurate for sleep study analyses using the AASM classification criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrong Cheng
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Yifei Yang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingshu Shi
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhangbo Li
- Shenzhen Gianta Information Technology Co., LTD, Shenzhen, 518048, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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