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Cao H, Shang L, Hu D, Huang J, Wang Y, Li M, Song Y, Yang Q, Luo Y, Wang Y, Cai X, Liu J. Neuromodulation techniques for modulating cognitive function: Enhancing stimulation precision and intervention effects. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:491-501. [PMID: 39665818 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function, holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace, medicine, life sciences, and brain research. These techniques utilize electrical stimulation to directly or indirectly target specific brain regions, modulating neural activity and influencing broader brain networks, thereby regulating cognitive function. Regulating cognitive function involves an understanding of aspects such as perception, learning and memory, attention, spatial cognition, and physical function. To enhance the application of cognitive regulation in the general population, this paper reviews recent publications from the Web of Science to assess the advancements and challenges of invasive and non-invasive stimulation methods in modulating cognitive functions. This review covers various neuromodulation techniques for cognitive intervention, including deep brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, and invasive methods using microelectrode arrays. The non-invasive techniques discussed include transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, and time interference stimulation for activating deep targets. Invasive stimulation methods, which are ideal for studying the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, tend to cause greater trauma and have been less researched in the context of cognitive function regulation. Non-invasive methods, particularly newer transcranial stimulation techniques, are gentler and more appropriate for regulating cognitive functions in the general population. These include transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation using acupoints and time interference methods for activating deep targets. This paper also discusses current technical challenges and potential future breakthroughs in neuromodulation technology. It is recommended that neuromodulation techniques be combined with neural detection methods to better assess their effects and improve the accuracy of non-invasive neuromodulation. Additionally, researching closed-loop feedback neuromodulation methods is identified as a promising direction for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu Z, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Ning B. Metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes: Emerging roles of lactate. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:421-432. [PMID: 39688570 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate serves as a key energy metabolite in the central nervous system, facilitating essential brain functions, including energy supply, signaling, and epigenetic modulation. Moreover, it links epigenetic modifications with metabolic reprogramming. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms and roles of this connection in astrocytes remain unclear. Therefore, this review aims to explore the role and specific mechanisms of lactate in the metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes in the central nervous system. The close relationship between epigenetic modifications and metabolic reprogramming was discussed. Therapeutic strategies for targeting metabolic reprogramming in astrocytes in the central nervous system were also outlined to guide future research in central nervous system diseases. In the nervous system, lactate plays an essential role. However, its mechanism of action as a bridge between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications in the nervous system requires future investigation. The involvement of lactate in epigenetic modifications is currently a hot research topic, especially in lactylation modification, a key determinant in this process. Lactate also indirectly regulates various epigenetic modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation modifications, which are closely linked to several neurological disorders. In addition, exploring the clinical applications and potential therapeutic strategies of lactic acid provides new insights for future neurological disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yijian Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yulei Gao
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Wu S, Chen J. Is age-related myelinodegenerative change an initial risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases? Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:648-658. [PMID: 40326982 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Myelination, the continuous ensheathment of neuronal axons, is a lifelong process in the nervous system that is essential for the precise, temporospatial conduction of action potentials between neurons. Myelin also provides intercellular metabolic support to axons. Even minor disruptions in the integrity of myelin can impair neural performance and increase susceptibility to neurological diseases. In fact, myelin degeneration is a well-known neuropathological condition that is associated with normal aging and several neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. In the central nervous system, compact myelin sheaths are formed by fully mature oligodendrocytes. However, the entire oligodendrocyte lineage is susceptible to changes in the biological microenvironment and other risk factors that arise as the brain ages. In addition to their well-known role in action potential propagation, oligodendrocytes also provide intercellular metabolic support to axons by transferring energy metabolites and delivering exosomes. Therefore, myelin degeneration in the aging central nervous system is a significant contributor to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Interventions that mitigate age-related myelin degeneration can improve neurological function in aging individuals. In this review, we investigate the changes in myelin that are associated with aging and their underlying mechanisms. We also discuss recent advances in understanding how myelin degeneration in the aging brain contributes to neurodegenerative diseases and explore the factors that can prevent, slow down, or even reverse age-related myelin degeneration. Future research will enhance our understanding of how reducing age-related myelin degeneration can be used as a therapeutic target for delaying or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangchan Wu
- Sanhang Institute for Brain Science and Technology (SiBST), School of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Sanhang Institute for Brain Science and Technology (SiBST), School of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Du X, Wang Y, Wang X, Tian X, Jing W. Neural circuit mechanisms of epilepsy: Maintenance of homeostasis at the cellular, synaptic, and neurotransmitter levels. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:455-465. [PMID: 40326979 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, a common neurological disorder, is characterized by recurrent seizures that can lead to cognitive, psychological, and neurobiological consequences. The pathogenesis of epilepsy involves neuronal dysfunction at the molecular, cellular, and neural circuit levels. Abnormal molecular signaling pathways or dysfunction of specific cell types can lead to epilepsy by disrupting the normal functioning of neural circuits. The continuous emergence of new technologies and the rapid advancement of existing ones have facilitated the discovery and comprehensive understanding of the neural circuit mechanisms underlying epilepsy. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the current understanding of the neural circuit mechanisms in epilepsy based on various technologies, including electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, optogenetics, chemogenetics, deep brain stimulation, and brain-computer interfaces. Additionally, this review discusses these mechanisms from three perspectives: structural, synaptic, and transmitter circuits. The findings reveal that the neural circuit mechanisms of epilepsy encompass information transmission among different structures, interactions within the same structure, and the maintenance of homeostasis at the cellular, synaptic, and neurotransmitter levels. These findings offer new insights for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy and enhancing its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Du
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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Cui Z, He J, Li A, Wang J, Yang Y, Wang K, Liu Z, Ouyang Q, Su Z, Hu P, Xiao G. Novel insights into non-coding RNAs and their role in hydrocephalus. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:636-647. [PMID: 39688559 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation. This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hydrocephalus, one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide. In this review, we first outline the basic concepts and incidence of hydrocephalus along with the limitations of existing treatments for this condition. Then, we outline the definition, classification, and biological role of non-coding RNAs. Subsequently, we analyze the roles of non-coding RNAs in the formation of hydrocephalus in detail. Specifically, we have focused on the potential significance of non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus, including glymphatic pathways, neuroinflammatory processes, and neurological dysplasia, on the basis of the existing evidence. Lastly, we review the potential of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of hydrocephalus and for the creation of innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Cui
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - An Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Junqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yijian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qian Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuzhou Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhangjie Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke 's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pingsheng Hu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Ma Y, Han Y. Targeting the brain's glymphatic pathway: A novel therapeutic approach for cerebral small vessel disease. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:433-442. [PMID: 39688573 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels, often leading to stroke and dementia. Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological mechanisms, preventing and treating cerebral small vessel vasculopathy is challenging. Recent studies have shown that the glymphatic system plays a crucial role in interstitial solute clearance and the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Increasing evidence also suggests that dysfunction in glymphatic clearance is a key factor in the progression of cerebral small vessel disease. This review begins with a comprehensive introduction to the structure, function, and driving factors of the glymphatic system, highlighting its essential role in brain waste clearance. Afterwards, cerebral small vessel disease was reviewed from the perspective of the glymphatic system, after which the mechanisms underlying their correlation were summarized. Glymphatic dysfunction may lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the brain, thereby exacerbating the pathological processes associated with cerebral small vessel disease. The review also discussed the direct evidence of glymphatic dysfunction in patients and animal models exhibiting two subtypes of cerebral small vessel disease: arteriolosclerosis-related cerebral small vessel disease and amyloid-related cerebral small vessel disease. Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space is an important non-invasive tool for assessing the clearance function of the glymphatic system. However, the effectiveness of its parameters needs to be enhanced. Among various nervous system diseases, including cerebral small vessel disease, glymphatic failure may be a common final pathway toward dementia. Overall, this review summarizes prevention and treatment strategies that target glymphatic drainage and will offer valuable insight for developing novel treatments for cerebral small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lu P, Zhang F, Yang L, He Y, Kong X, Guo K, Xie Y, Xie H, Xie B, Jiang Y, Peng J. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 knockdown promotes neuronal ferroptosis in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:715-729. [PMID: 39104173 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202602000-00041/figure1/v/2025-05-05T160104Z/r/image-tiff Neuronal cell death is a common outcome of multiple pathophysiological processes and a key factor in neurological dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neuronal ferroptosis in particular plays an important role in early brain injury. Bromodomain-containing protein 4, a member of the bromo and extraterminal domain family of proteins, participated in multiple cell death pathways, but the mechanisms by which it regulates ferroptosis remain unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate how bromodomain-containing protein 4 affects neuronal ferroptosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro . Our findings revealed that endogenous bromodomain-containing protein 4 co-localized with neurons, and its expression was decreased 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage of the cerebral cortex in vivo . In addition, ferroptosis-related pathways were activated in vivo and in vitro after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Targeted inhibition of bromodomain-containing protein 4 in neurons increased lipid peroxidation and intracellular ferrous iron accumulation via ferritinophagy and ultimately led to neuronal ferroptosis. Using cleavage under targets and tagmentation analysis, we found that bromodomain-containing protein 4 enrichment in the Raf-1 promoter region decreased following oxyhemoglobin stimulation in vitro . Furthermore, treating bromodomain-containing protein 4-knockdown HT-22 cell lines with GW5074, a Raf-1 inhibitor, exacerbated neuronal ferroptosis by suppressing the Raf-1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Moreover, targeted inhibition of neuronal bromodomain-containing protein 4 exacerbated early and long-term neurological function deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our findings suggest that bromodomain-containing protein 4 may have neuroprotective effects after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and that inhibiting ferroptosis could help treat subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yijing He
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xi Kong
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kecheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuke Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huangfan Xie
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
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Hohman G, Shahid M, Eldeeb MA. Stress signaling caused by mitochondrial import malfunction can be terminated by SIFI: Importance of stress response silencing. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:673-674. [PMID: 39820346 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hohman
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
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Sun Y, Pang X, Huang X, Liu D, Huang J, Zheng P, Wei Y, Pang C. Potential mechanisms of non-coding RNA regulation in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:265-280. [PMID: 39851253 PMCID: PMC12094571 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressively degenerative neurological disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. While its precise etiology remains unclear, researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression. Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease, offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset, with a particular focus on microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs associated with the disease. The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs. It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease, as well as how these non-coding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions. For example, miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene, promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein, thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression. Conversely, the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA, promoting the generation of amyloid-β and accelerating Alzheimer's disease development. Additionally, circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses. By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms, there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease. This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs, potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinping Pang
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dinglu Liu
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingyue Huang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pengtao Zheng
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanyu Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chaoyang Pang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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10
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Cai X, Cai X, Xie Q, Xiao X, Li T, Zhou T, Sun H. NLRP3 inflammasome and gut microbiota-brain axis: A new perspective on white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:62-80. [PMID: 39885662 PMCID: PMC12094575 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke, characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates, and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury. In recent decades, studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota-brain axis. This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury. The NACHT, LRR, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context. This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These mechanisms include metabolic pathways (involving short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, lactic acid, bile acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and tryptophan), neural pathways (such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve), and immune pathways (involving microglia and T cells). We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood-brain barrier, inducing neuroinflammation, and interfering with nerve regeneration. Finally, we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury. Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota-brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage, paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Cai
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinhong Cai
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Quanhua Xie
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueqi Xiao
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tong Li
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Guo HH, Ou HN, Yu JS, Rosa JM, Formolo DA, Cheng T, Yau SY, Tsang HWH. Adiponectin as a potential mediator of the pro-cognitive effects of physical exercise on Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:96-106. [PMID: 39885660 PMCID: PMC12094572 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally. Physical exercise, as an effective strategy for improving general health, has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity, particularly in aging brains. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear. Adiponectin, a cell-secreted protein hormone, has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise. Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Here, we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment. We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease, focusing on its impact on energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammation. We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory. Finally, we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exercise-enhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Ning Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Sui Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Julia Macedo Rosa
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Douglas Affonso Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hector Wing Hong Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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12
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She K, Yuan N, Huang M, Zhu W, Tang M, Ma Q, Chen J. Emerging role of microglia in the developing dopaminergic system: Perturbation by early life stress. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:126-140. [PMID: 39589170 PMCID: PMC12094535 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life stress correlates with a higher prevalence of neurological disorders, including autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, depression, and Parkinson's disease. These conditions, primarily involving abnormal development and damage of the dopaminergic system, pose significant public health challenges. Microglia, as the primary immune cells in the brain, are crucial in regulating neuronal circuit development and survival. From the embryonic stage to adulthood, microglia exhibit stage-specific gene expression profiles, transcriptome characteristics, and functional phenotypes, enhancing the susceptibility to early life stress. However, the role of microglia in mediating dopaminergic system disorders under early life stress conditions remains poorly understood. This review presents an up-to-date overview of preclinical studies elucidating the impact of early life stress on microglia, leading to dopaminergic system disorders, along with the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions. Impaired microglial activity damages dopaminergic neurons by diminishing neurotrophic support (e.g., insulin-like growth factor-1) and hinders dopaminergic axon growth through defective phagocytosis and synaptic pruning. Furthermore, blunted microglial immunoreactivity suppresses striatal dopaminergic circuit development and reduces neuronal transmission. Furthermore, inflammation and oxidative stress induced by activated microglia can directly damage dopaminergic neurons, inhibiting dopamine synthesis, reuptake, and receptor activity. Enhanced microglial phagocytosis inhibits dopamine axon extension. These long-lasting effects of microglial perturbations may be driven by early life stress-induced epigenetic reprogramming of microglia. Indirectly, early life stress may influence microglial function through various pathways, such as astrocytic activation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the gut-brain axis, and maternal immune signaling. Finally, various therapeutic strategies and molecular mechanisms for targeting microglia to restore the dopaminergic system were summarized and discussed. These strategies include classical antidepressants and antipsychotics, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents, and herbal-derived medicine. Further investigations combining pharmacological interventions and genetic strategies are essential to elucidate the causal role of microglial phenotypic and functional perturbations in the dopaminergic system disrupted by early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie She
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Naijun Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The 2 Clinical Medical College, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Manshi Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Chen J, Liang C, Wang F, Zhu Y, Zhu L, Chen J, Liu B, Yang X. Potential biofluid markers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:281-295. [PMID: 39851136 PMCID: PMC12094573 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a particularly severe non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease that significantly diminishes the quality of life of affected individuals. Identifying reliable biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is essential for early diagnosis, prognostic assessments, and the development of targeted therapies. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in biofluid biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, focusing on the detection of specific proteins, metabolites, and other biomarkers in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva. These biomarkers can shed light on the multifaceted etiology of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, which includes protein misfolding, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The integration of biofluid biomarkers with neuroimaging and clinical data can facilitate the development of predictive models to enhance early diagnosis and monitor the progression of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. This comprehensive approach can improve the existing understanding of the mechanisms driving cognitive decline and support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the course of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Despite the promise of these biomarkers in characterizing the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease, further research is necessary to validate their clinical utility and establish a standardized framework for early detection and monitoring of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chunyu Liang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yongyun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Liuhui Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jianzhun Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xinglong Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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14
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Chilosi M, Piciucchi S, Ravaglia C, Spagnolo P, Sverzellati N, Tomassetti S, Wuyts W, Poletti V. "Alveolar stem cell exhaustion, fibrosis and bronchiolar proliferation" related entities. A narrative review. Pulmonology 2025; 31:2416847. [PMID: 39277539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Department of Medical Specialities/Pulmonology Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì I
| | - S Piciucchi
- Department of Radiology, Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì I
| | - C Ravaglia
- Department of Medical Specialities/Pulmonology Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì (I); DIMEC, Bologna University, Forlì Campus, Forlì I, Department
| | - P Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - N Sverzellati
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - W Wuyts
- Pulmonology Department, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Poletti
- Department of Medical Specialities/Pulmonology Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì (I); DIMEC, Bologna University, Forlì Campus, Forlì I, Department
- Department of Respiratory Diseases & Allergy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Münz C, Campbell GR, Esclatine A, Faure M, Labonte P, Lussignol M, Orvedahl A, Altan-Bonnet N, Bartenschlager R, Beale R, Cirone M, Espert L, Jung J, Leib D, Reggiori F, Sanyal S, Spector SA, Thiel V, Viret C, Wei Y, Wileman T, Wodrich H. Autophagy machinery as exploited by viruses. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2025; 4:27694127.2025.2464986. [PMID: 40201908 PMCID: PMC11921968 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2025.2464986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025]
Abstract
Viruses adapt and modulate cellular pathways to allow their replication in host cells. The catabolic pathway of macroautophagy, for simplicity referred to as autophagy, is no exception. In this review, we discuss anti-viral functions of both autophagy and select components of the autophagy machinery, and how viruses have evaded them. Some viruses use the membrane remodeling ability of the autophagy machinery to build their replication compartments in the cytosol or efficiently egress from cells in a non-lytic fashion. Some of the autophagy machinery components and their remodeled membranes can even be found in viral particles as envelopes or single membranes around virus packages that protect them during spreading and transmission. Therefore, studies on autophagy regulation by viral infections can reveal functions of the autophagy machinery beyond lysosomal degradation of cytosolic constituents. Furthermore, they can also pinpoint molecular interactions with which the autophagy machinery can most efficiently be manipulated, and this may be relevant to develop effective disease treatments based on autophagy modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Grant R Campbell
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of SD, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Audrey Esclatine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 10 Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Labonte
- eINRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Canada
| | - Marion Lussignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 10 Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucile Espert
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche enInfectiologie deMontpellier (IRIM), Montpellier, France
| | - Jae Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Leib
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen A. Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Yu Wei
- Institut Pasteur-Theravectys Joint Laboratory, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Wileman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, UK
| | - Harald Wodrich
- sLaboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, MFP CNRS UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Binte Hanafi Z, Mei Y, Teo HY, Zhu Y, Yong Lionel CC, Chiu JW, Lu J, Liu H. Calpain 2 regulates IL-1α secretion and inhibits tumor development via modulating calpain 1 expression in the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2025; 14:2451444. [PMID: 39803956 PMCID: PMC11730618 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2025.2451444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 12/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Tumor-promoting inflammation significantly impacts cancer progression, and targeting inflammatory cytokines has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in clinical trials. Interleukin (IL)-1α, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a crucial role in both inflammation and carcinogenesis. How IL-1α is secreted in the tumor microenvironment has been poorly understood, and we previously showed that calpain 1 cleaves pro-IL-1α for mature IL-1α secretion, which exacerbates hepatocellular carcinoma by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this study, we report that calpain 2 also modulates IL-1α secretion. Notably, a deficiency in calpain 2 resulted in enhanced hepatocellular carcinoma development within an IL-1α-enriched tumor microenvironment. Further investigations revealed that calpain 2 deficiency increased calpain 1 expression, implying a compensatory mechanism between the two calpains. Mechanistically, calpain 2 deficiency led to increased expression of FoxO3, which is a forkhead transcription factor that promotes calpain 1 expression. Collectively, these results suggest that calpain 2 modulates calpain 1 expression, and therefore IL-1α secretion through the induction of FoxO3, offering novel potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhairah Binte Hanafi
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Mei
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huey Yee Teo
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Zhu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chew Chin Yong Lionel
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Wen Chiu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Gao D, Bing C, Griffiths HR. Disrupted adipokine secretion and inflammatory responses in human adipocyte hypertrophy. Adipocyte 2025; 14:2485927. [PMID: 40176539 PMCID: PMC11980453 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2025.2485927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 12/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte hypertrophy is a critical contributor to obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. This study employed a human adipocyte hypertrophy model to investigate the adipokine release, inflammatory responses, and the intracellular singling pathways. Hypertrophic adipocytes exhibited increased lipid content and lipolysis, a decline of anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin release and an increase of pro-inflammatory adipokine leptin release compared to mature adipocytes. Moreover, TNFα and LPS exacerbated the decrease in adiponectin secretion by hypertrophic adipocytes while promoting the secretion of leptin, MCP-1 and IL-6, which is associated with impaired activation of p38 and JNK MAPK and persistent activation of ERK and IκBα in hypertrophic adipocytes. These altered adipokine secretions and inflammatory responses within hypertrophic adipocytes may contribute to adipocyte dysfunction in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Bing
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Baker L, Jacobson H, McGrosky A, Hinz E, Wambua F, Sherwood A, Mbeng TC, Nzunza R, Braun DR, Ndiema E, Pontzer H, Rosinger AY. Ambient temperature and wet bulb globe temperature outperform heat index in predicting hydration status and heat perception in a semi-arid environment. Ann Hum Biol 2025; 52:2456152. [PMID: 39992300 PMCID: PMC11869389 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2025.2456152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is increasing temperatures, frequency of heatwaves, and erratic rainfall, which threatens human biology and health, particularly in already extreme environments. Therefore, it is important to understand how environmental heat stress measures are tied to human water needs and thermoregulation under increasingly hot conditions. AIM To test how ambient temperature, heat index, and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) relate to hydration status and thermal heat perception in a hot, semi-arid environment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Urine samples, perceived heat stress, and anthropometrics were collected among Daasanach semi-nomadic pastoralists (n = 187 children, n = 231 adults) in northern Kenya. Environmental heat stress measures were recorded at sample collection; samples' urine specific gravity (USG) was measured. RESULTS Multiple linear and logistic regressions indicate that all environmental heat stress measures were associated with USG, odds of dehydration, and heat perception. Ambient temperature performed marginally better than WBGT, and both performed better than heat index. These associations were stronger among children than adults. CONCLUSION In a hot, semi-arid climate, ambient temperature and WBGT accurately predict human water needs and heat stress, with children more vulnerable to dehydration. To mitigate consequences of extreme heat, local bioculturally-appropriate hydration (e.g. tea) and cooling (e.g. shade) strategies should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Baker
- Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hannah Jacobson
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Amanda McGrosky
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elena Hinz
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Faith Wambua
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alison Sherwood
- Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tiffany-Chrissy Mbeng
- Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - David R. Braun
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Technological Primate Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ndiema
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Asher Y. Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health and Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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19
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Olff M, Hein I, Amstadter AB, Armour C, Skogbrott Birkeland M, Bui E, Cloitre M, Ehlers A, Ford JD, Greene T, Hansen M, Harnett NG, Kaminer D, Lewis C, Minelli A, Niles B, Nugent NR, Roberts N, Price M, Reffi AN, Seedat S, Seligowski AV, Vujanovic AA. The impact of trauma and how to intervene: a narrative review of psychotraumatology over the past 15 years. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2025; 16:2458406. [PMID: 39912534 PMCID: PMC11803766 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2025.2458406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
To mark 15 years of the European Journal of Psychotraumatology, editors reviewed the past 15-year years of research on trauma exposure and its consequences, as well as developments in (early) psychological, pharmacological and complementary interventions. In all sections of this paper, we provide perspectives on sex/gender aspects, life course trends, and cross-cultural/global and systemic societal contexts. Globally, the majority of people experience stressful events that may be characterized as traumatic. However, definitions of what is traumatic are not necessarily straightforward or universal. Traumatic events may have a wide range of transdiagnostic mental and physical health consequences, not limited to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research on genetic, molecular, and neurobiological influences show promise for further understanding underlying risk and resilience for trauma-related consequences. Symptom presentation, prevalence, and course, in response to traumatic experiences, differ depending on individuals' age and developmental phase, sex/gender, sociocultural and environmental contexts, and systemic socio-political forces. Early interventions have the potential to prevent acute posttraumatic stress reactions from escalating to a PTSD diagnosis whether delivered in the golden hours or weeks after trauma. However, research on prevention is still scarce compared to treatment research where several evidence-based psychological, pharmacological and complementary/ integrative interventions exist, and novel forms of delivery have become available. Here, we focus on how best to address the range of negative health outcomes following trauma, how to serve individuals across the age spectrum, including the very young and old, and include considerations of sex/gender, ethnicity, and culture in diverse contexts, beyond Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries. We conclude with providing directions for future research aimed at improving the well-being of all people impacted by trauma around the world. The 15 years EJPT webinar provides a 90-minute summary of this paper and can be downloaded here [http://bit.ly/4jdtx6k].
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Hein
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Levvel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ananda B. Amstadter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Cherie Armour
- Trauma and Mental Health Research Centre, School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Eric Bui
- Caen University Hospital, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- New York University, Silver School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anke Ehlers
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian D. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - Talya Greene
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maj Hansen
- THRIVE, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nathaniel G. Harnett
- Neurobiology of Affective and Traumatic Experiences Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debra Kaminer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catrin Lewis
- National Centre for Mental Health (NCMH), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Niles
- Boston University Chobonian and Avedisian School of Medicine, USA
- National Center for PTSD Behavioral Science Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole R. Nugent
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA
| | - Neil Roberts
- Psychology & Psychological Therapies Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Anthony N. Reffi
- Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- SAMRC/SU Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Antonia V. Seligowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Anka A. Vujanovic
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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20
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Thibaut MM, Roumain M, Piron E, Gillard J, Loriot A, Neyrinck AM, Rodriguez J, Massart I, Thissen JP, Huot JR, Pin F, Bonetto A, Delzenne NM, Muccioli GG, Bindels LB. The microbiota-derived bile acid taurodeoxycholic acid improves hepatic cholesterol levels in mice with cancer cachexia. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2449586. [PMID: 39780051 PMCID: PMC11730681 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2449586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Alterations in bile acid profile and pathways contribute to hepatic inflammation in cancer cachexia, a syndrome worsening the prognosis of cancer patients. As the gut microbiota impinges on host metabolism through bile acids, the current study aimed to explore the functional contribution of gut microbial dysbiosis to bile acid dysmetabolism and associated disorders in cancer cachexia. Using three mouse models of cancer cachexia (the C26, MC38 and HCT116 models), we evidenced a reduction in the hepatic levels of several secondary bile acids, mainly taurodeoxycholic (TDCA). This reduction in hepatic TDCA occurred before the appearance of cachexia. Longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiota pinpointed an ASV, identified as Xylanibacter rodentium, as a bacterium potentially involved in the reduced production of TDCA. Coherently, stable isotope-based experiments highlighted a robust decrease in the microbial 7α-dehydroxylation (7α-DH) activity with no changes in the bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in cachectic mice. This approach also highlighted a reduced microbial 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) and 12α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (12α-HSDH) activities in these mice. The contribution of the lower production of TDCA to cancer cachexia was explored in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, TDCA prevented myotube atrophy, whereas in vivo hepatic whole transcriptome analysis revealed that TDCA administration to cachectic mice improved the unfolded protein response and cholesterol homeostasis pathways. Coherently, TDCA administration reversed hepatic cholesterol accumulation in these mice. Altogether, this work highlights the contribution of the gut microbiota to bile acid dysmetabolism and the therapeutic interest of the secondary bile acid TDCA for hepatic cholesterol homeostasis in the context of cancer cachexia. Such discovery may prove instrumental in the understanding of other metabolic diseases characterized by microbial dysbiosis. More broadly, our work demonstrates the interest and relevance of microbial activity measurements using stable isotopes, an approach currently underused in the microbiome field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane M. Thibaut
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Roumain
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edwige Piron
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine Gillard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Loriot
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit (CBIO), de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Massart
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition Department, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition Department, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joshua R. Huot
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Welbio Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Bassalo D, Matthews SG, Bloise E. The canine blood-brain barrier in health and disease: focus on brain protection. Vet Q 2025; 45:12-32. [PMID: 39791202 PMCID: PMC11727060 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2025.2450041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of the canine blood-brain barrier (BBB) in health and disease, focusing on the impact of the multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by the ABCB1/MDR1 gene. The BBB is critical in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis and brain protection against xenobiotics and environmental drugs that may be circulating in the blood stream. We revise key anatomical, histological and functional aspects of the canine BBB and examine the role of the ABCB1/MDR1 gene mutation in specific dog breeds that exhibit reduced P-gp activity and disrupted drug brain pharmacokinetics. The review also covers factors that may disrupt the canine BBB, including the actions of aging, canine cognitive dysfunction, epilepsy, inflammation, infection, traumatic brain injury, among others. We highlight the critical importance of this barrier in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis and protecting against xenobiotics and conclude that a number of neurological-related diseases may increase vulnerability of the BBB in the canine species and discuss its profound impacts on canine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Bassalo
- Especialização em Farmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephen G. Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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22
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Hao X, Song H, Su X, Li J, Ye Y, Wang C, Xu X, Pang G, Liu W, Li Z, Luo T. Prophylactic effects of nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Med 2025; 57:2464223. [PMID: 39943720 PMCID: PMC11827040 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2464223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease and its prevalence has risen sharply. However, whether nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment have preventive value for NAFLD remains unclear. METHODS Through searching 4 databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library) from inception to January 2025, we selected studies about nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment in the prevention of NAFLD and conducted a narrative review on this topic. RESULTS Reasonable nutrient intake encompassing macronutrients and micronutrients have an independent protective relationship with NAFLD. Besides, proper dietary strategies including mediterranean diet, intermittent fasting diet, ketogenic diet, and dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet have their inhibitory effects on the developmental process of NAFLD. Moreover, right exercises including walking, jogging, bicycling, and swimming are recommended for the prevention of NAFLD because they could effectively reduce weight, which is an important risk factor for NAFLD, and improve liver function. In addition, embracing a healthy lifestyle including reducing sedentary behavior, not smoking, sleeping well and brushing teeth regularly is integral since it not only could reduce the risk of NAFLD but also significantly contribute to overall prevention and control. Finally, the environment, including the social and natural environments, plays a potential role in NAFLD prevention. CONCLUSION Nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment play an important role in the prevention of NAFLD. Moreover, this review offers comprehensive prevention recommendations for people at high risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Song
- Department of clinical medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of clinical medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of clinical medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Youbao Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of clinical medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Cailiu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of clinical medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of clinical medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Guanglong Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of clinical medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of clinical medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Department of clinical medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
| | - Tian Luo
- The Institute for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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23
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Li H, Xiong Y, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Chen Q, Wu S, Deng Y, Yang C, Knobf MT, Ye Z. The interplay between sleep and cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer: A casual and computer-simulated network analysis. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2025; 12:100692. [PMID: 40264549 PMCID: PMC12013401 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2025.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective Sleep problems and cancer-related fatigue are common symptoms in women for breast cancer, during and after treatment. Identifying key intervention targets for this symptom cluster may improve patient reported outcomes. This study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep and cancer-related fatigue to identify optimal intervention targets. Methods In the "Be Resilient to Breast Cancer" program, self report data were collected on sleep and cancer-related fatigue the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Gaussian network analysis was employed to identify central symptoms and nodes, while a Bayesian network explored their causal relationships. Computer-simulated interventions were used to identify core symptoms as targets for intervention. Results General fatigue (Str = 0.95, Bet = 7, Clo = 0.007) was considered the node with the strongest centrality. The daytime dysfunction item on the Pittsburgh sleep quality index had the strongest bridge strength. Core symptoms were identified as targets for intervention by the computer-simulated analysis. Conclusions Sleep quality is the strongest predictor of cancer-related fatigue from a casual networking perspective. Sleep latency and daytime dysfunction should be targeted to break the chained symptom interaction between sleep and cancer-related fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongman Li
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Lu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiguo Deng
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmin Yang
- Breast Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zengjie Ye
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Matsumoto Y, Mori Y, Kageyama S, Yoshimura K, Saito T, Terada R, Nojima Y. Exploring the association of natriuretic peptides with QTc interval in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail 2025; 47:2460720. [PMID: 39962730 PMCID: PMC11837943 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2025.2460720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), cardiovascular (CV) disease, particularly sudden cardiac death (SCD), is a major cause of mortality. Independent predictors of SCD include a prolonged QT interval on electrocardiography (ECG) and elevated levels of natriuretic peptides (NPs). This study explores the association between the QTc interval and NPs in HD patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 207 HD patients, having a heart rate of 57 to 103 bpm, displaying sinus rhythm and no extrasystoles in ECG reports. Before the 2nd HD of the week, we conducted ECG and blood tests for atrial NP (ANP), brain NP (BNP), and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP). The heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) was calculated using Bazett formula. Our analysis focused on the association between QTc and each NP, along with evaluating clinically relevant variables related to the QTc interval. RESULTS Univariate analyses indicated robust correlations among the NPs, with each NP significantly associated with the QTc interval. Multiple regression analyses of the three NPs revealed that NT-proBNP demonstrated the strongest predictive ability for the QTc interval. Independent predictors of prolonged QTc included lower corrected calcium (cCa) levels (p = 0.001), lower potassium (K) levels (p < 0.001), and higher log NT-proBNP (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION In HD patients, NT-proBNP shows a stronger link with the QTc interval than BNP or ANP. Integrating clinical management considering both QTc and log NT-proBNP levels might help reduce CV events. Additionally, vigilance regarding low K or cCa levels is recommended from the perspective of the QTc interval.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Hemodialysis, Shibukawa Clinic, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takao Saito
- Hemodialysis, Higashi-Shizuoka Jin Clinic, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Risako Terada
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yohichi Nojima
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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25
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Cong R, Lu C, Li X, Xu Z, Wang Y, Sun S. Tumor organoids in cancer medicine: from model systems to natural compound screening. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2025; 63:89-109. [PMID: 39893515 PMCID: PMC11789228 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2025.2458149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
CONTEXT The advent of tissue engineering and biomedical techniques has significantly advanced the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, particularly tumor organoids. These self-assembled 3D cell clusters closely replicate the histopathological, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics of primary tissues, making them invaluable tools in cancer research and drug screening. OBJECTIVE This review addresses the challenges in developing in vitro models that accurately reflect tumor heterogeneity and explores the application of tumor organoids in cancer research, with a specific focus on the screening of natural products for antitumor therapies. METHODS This review synthesizes information from major databases, including Chemical Abstracts, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Springer Link. Publications were selected without date restrictions, using terms such as 'organoid', 'natural product', 'pharmacological', 'extract', 'nanomaterial' and 'traditional uses'. Articles related to agriculture, ecology, synthetic work or published in languages other than English were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The review identifies key challenges related to the efficiency and variability of organoid generation and discusses ongoing efforts to enhance their predictive capabilities in drug screening and personalized medicine. Recent studies utilizing patient-derived organoid models for natural compound screening are highlighted, demonstrating the potential of these models in developing new classes of anticancer agents. The integration of natural products with patient-derived organoid models presents a promising approach for discovering novel anticancer compounds and elucidating their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cong
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Shusen Sun
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
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Pollex J, Behrens M, Mittlmeier T, Bruhn S, Weippert M. Acute effects of isolated and combined dietary nitrate and caffeine ingestion on ergometer-based 1000 m time trial performance in highly trained kayakers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2025; 22:2459095. [PMID: 39967381 PMCID: PMC11841103 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2025.2459095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary nitrate (BR) and caffeine (CAF) ingestion have been shown to increase sports performance. However, the isolated and combined effects of BR and CAF ingestion on time trial (TT) performance as well as the accompanying physiological and perceptual responses have never been investigated in highly trained kayak athletes. Therefore, the present study examined the impact of an isolated and combined supplementation with BR (140 ml beetroot concentrate, ~12.5 mmol nitrate) and CAF (3 mg/kg bodyweight) on 1000 m ergometer TT performance as well as the accompanying physiological (i.e. cardiorespiratory function, muscle oxygenation, muscle activity) and perceptual responses (i.e. fatigue, effort, and exercise-induced pain perception) in male highly trained kayakers. It was hypothesized that the isolated ingestion of BR and CAF would both improve ergometer-based 1000 m TT performance and induce supplement-specific physiological and perceptual responses. Considering the primary effects of BR on muscle function and of CAF on the central nervous system, it was further assumed that the combined ingestion will result in an additional performance increase and supplement-specific physiological and perceptual responses. METHODS Using a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover design, 12 male highly trained kayak athletes from local clubs were investigated. They completed four measurement sessions resulting in four randomized conditions: (i) BR+CAF; (ii) BR+CAF placebo (BR+PLA); (iii) CAF+BR placebo (CAF+PLA); and (iv) BR placebo + CAF placebo (PLA+PLA). An air-braked instrumented kayak-ergometer was used to record 1000 m TT performance, power output, and stroke frequency. Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), maximum VO2 (VO2max), respiratory equivalent of O2 (VE/VO2), and carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) were measured continuously. Furthermore, oxygenation of the deltoid muscle was measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (mNIRS) and muscle activity of nine unilateral muscles with surface electromyography (i.e. deltoideus, serratus anterior, triceps brachii caput lateralis, trapezius, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, obliquus externus, flexor carpi radialis, and vastus lateralis muscle) during the 1000 m TT. After the TT, fatigue, effort, and exercise-induced pain perception were queried. One- and two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures were conducted to determine differences between conditions for the entire 1000 m TT and predefined sections (0-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-150 m, 150-250 m, 250-500 m, 500-750 m, 750-1000 m), respectively (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The supplements did not have an ergogenic effect on TT performance compared to the PLA+PLA condition, either in isolation or in combination. The same applied to the majority of physiological parameters and the perceptual responses. Nevertheless, VE/VO2 was lower during the sections 150-250 m (-5.00%; p = 0.02) and 250-500 m (-3.49%; p = 0.03) in the BR+PLA condition, whereby VE/VCO2 was higher during the section 150-250 m (4.19%; p = 0.04) in the CAF+PLA compared to the PLA+PLA condition, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Data indicate that the isolated and combined ingestion of BR and CAF had no effect on 1000 m TT performance, the majority of physiological responses, and perceptual responses in highly trained kayakers. These findings might be related to the dosage and/or a ceiling effect due to the already efficient vascular, metabolic, and muscle function, including high amounts of endogenous produced nitric oxide, in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pollex
- University of Rostock, Institute of Sport Science, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Research and Analysis Methods in Sports Science, Potsdam, Germany
- Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Mittlmeier
- Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Bruhn
- University of Rostock, Institute of Sport Science, Rostock, Germany
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Hu C, Yuan F, Wu Y, Xiao S, Xu Y, Peng X, He L. Disruption of the caspase-1/IL-1β axis alleviates myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion injury via improvement of mitochondrial homeostasis and reduction of Pyroptosis. Clin Exp Hypertens 2025; 47:2506619. [PMID: 40373207 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2025.2506619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2025] [Revised: 04/28/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/17/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyroptosis is a novel kind of programmed cell death and Caspase-1 plays key roles in driving pyroptosis. The current study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism affecting cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS A murine model of myocardial I/R injury was established and then treated with lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting Caspase-1 to evaluate the effect of Caspase-1 on myocardial I/R injury. Further, Caspase-1 was silenced in the cardiomyocytes following hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) to detect the function of Caspase-1 in mitochondrial homeostasis and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. RESULTS Knockdown of Caspase-1 inhibited the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), improved cardiac dysfunction and decreased pyroptosis in vivo. The cardio-protective effect was verified in the H/R-induced cardiomyocyte model. Recombinant IL-1β protein reversed the inhibitory effect of Caspase-1 knockdown on pyroptosis. CONCLUSION Overall, activating the Caspase-1/IL-1β axis by myocardial I/R injury causes mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance, pyroptosis, and the consequent cardiomyocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChenKai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - FengXia Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - YingXing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Medical Big Data Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Information Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Mattsson S, Edin F, Trinh J, Adolfsson P, Jendle J, Pettersson S. Impact of carbohydrate timing on glucose metabolism and substrate oxidation following high-intensity evening aerobic exercise in athletes: a randomized controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2025; 22:2494839. [PMID: 40259503 PMCID: PMC12016275 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2025.2494839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/23/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the impact of nutrient timing in relation to evening exercise. Specifically, it examined the effects of pre- or post-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on glucose metabolism, glucose regulation, and overall substrate oxidation in well-trained athletes during and after physical exercise (PE), spanning the nocturnal period and the subsequent morning. METHODS Ten male endurance cyclists participated in the study. The initial assessments included body composition measurements and an incremental cycle test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V ˙ O2 max) and maximum power output (Wmax). Following this, participants underwent a control (rest previous day) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a familiarization exercise trial that had two objectives: (1) to establish the appropriate amount of CHO to use in the pre- or post-exercise drink during the experimental trials, and (2) to familiarize participants with the equipment and study protocol. In the three days prior to both the control and experimental trials, participants followed a standardized, individualized diet designed to meet their energy needs. During the experimental trials, participants completed two separate evening exercise sessions (50 min@70%Wmax + ~24 min time-trial (TT)) with either pre- or post-exercise CHO ingestion (253 ± 52 g), matching the CHO oxidized during exercise. The CHO drink and a volume-matched placebo (PLA) drink (containing no energy) were randomly assigned to be consumed two hours before and directly after the experimental exercise sessions. Post-exercise nocturnal interstitial glucose levels (24:00-06:00) were continuously monitored, and a 120-min OGTT was conducted the following morning to assess substrate oxidation rates and glucose control. RESULTS Pre-exercise CHO intake significantly lowered capillary glucose levels during steady-state exercise (mean difference 0.41 ± 0.27 mmol/L, p = 0.001) without affecting perceived exertion and TT-performance. No difference was observed in nocturnal glucose regulation (00:00-06:00) regardless of whether CHO was consumed before or after exercise. Post-exercise CHO ingestion reduced glucose tolerance during the OGTT compared to the iso-caloric pre-exercise CHO intake (mean difference 0.76 ± 0.21 mmol/L, p = 0.017). However, a post-exercise CHO intake improved respiratory exchange ratio/metabolic flexibility (MetF) significantly. Enhanced MetF during the first OGTT hour after post-exercise CHO ingestion resulted in 70% and 91% higher CHO oxidation compared to pre-exercise CHO and control, respectively (p ≤ 0.029). Average 120-min OGTT fat oxidation rates were higher with both pre- and post-exercise CHO ingestion compared to control (p ≤ 0.008), with no difference between pre- and post-exercise CHO intake. CONCLUSION Morning glucose tolerance was markedly reduced in healthy athletes when CHO was ingested after evening exercise. However, the observed improvements in MetF during the OGTT compared to placebo post-exercise suggest a potential for enhanced athletic performance in subsequent exercise sessions. This opens exciting possibilities for future research to explore whether enhanced MetF induced by CHO-timing can translate to improved athletic performance, offering new avenues for optimizing training and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Mattsson
- Örebro University, School of Medicine and Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Örebro, Sweden
- Örebro University, Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edin
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Centre for Health and Performance, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonny Trinh
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Centre for Health and Performance, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Adolfsson
- Örebro University, School of Medicine and Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Örebro, Sweden
- Örebro University, Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Örebro, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Jendle
- Örebro University, School of Medicine and Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Örebro, Sweden
- Örebro University, Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stefan Pettersson
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Centre for Health and Performance, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ji J, Gong C, Lu G, Zhang J, Liu B, Liu X, Lin J, Wang P, Thomas BB, Humayun MS, Zhou Q. Potential of ultrasound stimulation and sonogenetics in vision restoration: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:3501-3516. [PMID: 39688549 PMCID: PMC11974640 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Vision restoration presents a considerable challenge in the realm of regenerative medicine, while recent progress in ultrasound stimulation has displayed potential as a non-invasive therapeutic approach. This narrative review offers a comprehensive overview of current research on ultrasound-stimulated neuromodulation, emphasizing its potential as a treatment modality for various nerve injuries. By examining of the efficacy of different types of ultrasound stimulation in modulating peripheral and optic nerves, we can delve into their underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the review underscores the potential of sonogenetics in vision restoration, which involves leveraging pharmacological and genetic manipulations to inhibit or enhance the expression of related mechanosensitive channels, thereby modulating the strength of the ultrasound response. We also address how methods such as viral transcription can be utilized to render specific neurons or organs highly responsive to ultrasound, leading to significantly improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junhang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baoqiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xunan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junhao Lin
- Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Biju B. Thomas
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark S. Humayun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yao H, Wu R, Du D, Ai F, Yang F, Li Y, Qi S. Flavonoids from Polypodium hastatum as neuroprotective agents attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo via activating Nrf2. Redox Rep 2025; 30:2440204. [PMID: 39702961 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2440204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. Though timely reperfusion reduces the infarction size, it exacerbates neuronal apoptosis due to oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Activating Nrf2 gives a therapeutic approach to ischemic stroke. METHODS Herein we explored flavonoids identified from Polypodium hastatum as Nrf2 activators and their protective effects on PC12 cells injured by oxygen and glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) as well as middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice. RESULTS The results showed among these flavonoids, AAKR significantly improved the survival of PC12 cells induced by OGD/R and activated Nrf2 in a Keap1-dependent manner. Further investigations have disclosed AAKR attenuated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and following apoptosis resulting from OGD/R. Meanwhile, activation of Nrf2 by AAKR was involved in the protective effects. Finally, it was found that AAKR could protect MCAO mice brains against ischemia/reperfusion injury via activating Nrf2. DISCUSSION This investigation could provide lead compounds for the discovery of novel Nrf2 activators targeting ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Yao
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Wu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Ai
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhua Qi
- School of Medical Technology & Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Li B, Xu M, Chen C, Liu Z, Ji Y, Qian S, Liu K, Sun G. Aberrant regional neural fluctuations and functional connectivity in insomnia comorbid depression revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Cogn Neurodyn 2025; 19:8. [PMID: 39780909 PMCID: PMC11704111 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-024-10206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a common mental illness seriously affecting people lives, that might progress to major depression. However, the neural mechanism of patients with CID comorbid MDD remain unclear. Combining fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC), this study investigated abnormality in local and long-range neural activity of patients with CID comorbid MDD. Here, we acquired resting-state blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) data from 57 patients with CID comorbid MDD and 57 healthy controls (HC). Compared with the controls, patients with CID comorbid MDD exhibited abnormal functional activity in posterior cerebral cortex related to the visual cortex, including the middle occipital gyrus (MOG), the cuneus and the lingual gyrus, specifically, lower fALFF values in the right MOG, left cuneus, and right postcentral gyrus, increased FC between the right MOG and the left cerebellum, and decreased FC between the right MOG and the right lingual gyrus. Neuropsychological correlation analysis revealed that the decreased fALFF in the right MOG was negatively correlated with all the neuropsychological scores of insomnia and depression, reflecting common relationships with symptoms of CID and MDD. While the decreased fALFF of the left cuneus was distinctly correlated with the scores of depression related scales. The decreased FC between the right MOG and the right lingual gyrus was distinctly correlated with the scores of insomnia related scales. This study not only widened neuroimaging evidence that associated with insomnia and depressive symptoms of patients with CID comorbid MDD, but also provided new potential targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Postgraduate Training Base of the 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Minghe Xu
- Postgraduate Training Base of the 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunlian Chen
- Postgraduate Training Base of the 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Ji
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Shaowen Qian
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
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Wang H, Xu X, Yang Z, Zhang T. Alterations of synaptic plasticity and brain oscillation are associated with autophagy induced synaptic pruning during adolescence. Cogn Neurodyn 2025; 19:2. [PMID: 39749102 PMCID: PMC11688264 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-024-10185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Adolescent brain development is characterized by significant anatomical and physiological alterations, but little is known whether and how these alterations impact the neural network. Here we investigated the development of functional networks by measuring synaptic plasticity and neural synchrony of local filed potentials (LFPs), and further explored the underlying mechanisms. LFPs in the hippocampus were recorded in young (21 ~ 25 days), adolescent (1.5 months) and adult (3 months) rats. Long term potentiation (LTP) and neural synchrony were analyzed. The results showed that the LTP was the lowest in adolescent rats. During development, the theta coupling strength was increased progressively but there was no significant change of gamma coupling between young rats and adolescent rats. The density of dendrite spines was decreased progressively during development. The lowest levels of NR2A, NR2B and PSD95 were detected in adolescent rats. Importantly, it was found that the expression levels of autophagy markers were the highest during adolescent compared to that in other developmental stages. Moreover, there were more co-localization of autophagosome and PSD95 in adolescent rats. It suggests that autophagy is possibly involved in synaptic elimination during adolescence, and further impacts synaptic plasticity and neural synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 PR China
| | - Xiaxia Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 PR China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- College of Medicine Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 PR China
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Chen L, Hu Y, Wang Z, Zhang L, Jian C, Cheng S, Ming D. Effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on motor planning: a multimodal signal study. Cogn Neurodyn 2025; 19:35. [PMID: 39866662 PMCID: PMC11759740 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-025-10220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Motor planning plays a pivotal role in daily life. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been demonstrated to enhance decision-making efficiency, illustrating its potential use in cognitive modulation. However, current research primarily focuses on behavioral and single-modal electrophysiological signal, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG). To investigate the effect of taVNS on motor planning, a total of 21 subjects were recruited for this study and were divided into two groups: active group (n = 10) and sham group (n = 11). Each subject was required to be involved in a single-blind, sham-controlled, between-subject end-state comfort (ESC) experiment. The study compared behavioral indicators and electrophysiological features before and following taVNS. The results indicated a notable reduction in reaction time and an appreciable increase in the proportion of end-state comfort among the participants following taVNS, accompanied by notable alterations in motor-related cortical potential (MRCP) amplitude, low-frequency power of HRV (LF), and cortico-cardiac coherence, particularly in the parietal and occipital regions. These findings show that taVNS may impact the brain and heart, potentially enhancing their interaction, and improve participants' ability of motor planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300392 China
| | - Yihao Hu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Zhongpeng Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300392 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300392 China
| | - Chuxiang Jian
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Shengcui Cheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300392 China
| | - Dong Ming
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300392 China
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Shentu W, Kong Q, Zhang Y, Li W, Chen Q, Yan S, Wang J, Lai Q, Xu Q, Qiao S. Functional abnormalities of the glymphatic system in cognitive disorders. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:3430-3447. [PMID: 39820293 PMCID: PMC11974647 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Various pathological mechanisms represent distinct therapeutic targets for cognitive disorders, but a balance between clearance and production is essential for maintaining the stability of the brain's internal environment. Thus, the glymphatic system may represent a common pathway by which to address cognitive disorders. Using the established model of the glymphatic system as our foundation, this review disentangles and analyzes the components of its clearance mechanism, including the initial inflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the mixing of cerebrospinal fluid with interstitial fluid, and the outflow of the mixed fluid and the clearance. Each section summarizes evidence from experimental animal models and human studies, highlighting the normal physiological properties of key structures alongside their pathological manifestations in cognitive disorders. The same pathologic manifestations of different cognitive disorders appearing in the glymphatic system and the same upstream influences are main points of interest of this review. We conclude this article by discussing new findings and outlining the limitations identified in current research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyue Shentu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Kong
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yier Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenyao Li
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiulu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Medical & Health Group Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sicheng Yan
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qilun Lai
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Song Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Yang X, Luo Q, Wu Z, Wang C, Yang Y, Zheng L, Li K, Zhao L, Jurong Y. Tanshinone IIA reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis by suppressing GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2025; 63:364-373. [PMID: 40331369 PMCID: PMC12064128 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2025.2498166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza (Family Lamiaceae, Authority Bunge), is well-known for its protective effects in various kidney diseases. However, its role in obstructive nephropathy has not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the protective effects of Tan IIA in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gasdermin D (GSDMD) knockout mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates underwent UUO surgery, with Tan IIA treatment administered 24 h prior. Human proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cells) were treated with TGF-β1 to induce fibrosis (50 ng/mL for 24 h), followed by Tan IIA treatment (5 μM) for an additional 3 h. RESULTS Tan IIA significantly reduced the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and fibronectin, in UUO mice. Tan IIA attenuated GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. However, in GSDMD knockout mice subjected to UUO, the protective effects of Tan IIA on ECM gene expression and collagen deposition in the tubular interstitium were reduced. In vitro studies showed that Tan IIA reduced GSDMD activation and fibronectin protein expression in HK-2 cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Tan IIA may mitigate GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and reduce kidney fibrosis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the progression of kidney disease after ureteral obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinglin Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunxuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanjing Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luquan Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Jurong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ismail R, Najar IA, Rahamathulla M, Hussain MU, Banday MS, Devi S, Arora P, Kumar M, Shivanandappa TB, Ahmed MM, Pasha I. IRES activation: HK2 and TPI1 glycolytic enzymes play a pivotal role in non-neuronal cell survival under hypoxia. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2025; 53:139-152. [PMID: 40105374 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2025.2480601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced brain damage can cause consciousness, memory failure and death. HK2 and TPI1 were investigated to see how they change hypoxia sensitivity in neurons and non-neurons. Hypoxia sensitivity is determined by the differential overexpression of both important glycolytic enzymes in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. C6 glioma cells expressed greater HK2 and TPI1 protein than neuro 2A cells, which were more sensitive to hypoxia-induced cell death by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay. After 48 h of hypoxia, C6 glioma cells displayed substantial protein upregulation of HK2 and TPI1 glycolytic proteins but not mRNA. Hypoxia did not raise HK2 and TPI1 mRNA transcription, pointing at post-transcriptional protein regulation. Using di-cistronic and promoter-less di-cistronic assays, we discovered significant IRES regions in HK2 and TPI1 mRNA's 5'UTR, more active in C6 glioma cells with polypyrimidine tract binding (PTB) protein. We concluded that non-neuronal cells varied in HK2 and TPI1 overexpression, altering their vulnerability to hypoxia-induced cell death. Adjusting HK2, TP1 and PTB levels may prevent hypoxia-induced brain cell death. These results offer new information on glycolytic enzyme modulation under hypoxia, crucial for comprehending cell survival in hypoxic situations. This could affect situations like neurodegenerative illnesses or ischaemic injuries, where hypoxia-induced cell death is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Ismail
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahboob-Ul- Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muddasir Sharief Banday
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sushma Devi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Pasha
- Department of Pharmacology, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Science, Asmara, Eritrea
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Appleton AA. A polyepigenetic glucocorticoid exposure score and HPA axis-related DNA methylation are associated with gestational epigenetic aging. Epigenetics 2025; 20:2471129. [PMID: 40007075 PMCID: PMC11866962 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2025.2471129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Gestational epigenetic aging (GEA) is a novel approach for characterizing associations between prenatal exposures and postnatal risks. Psychosocial adversity in pregnancy may influence GEA, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. DNA methylation to glucocorticoid regulation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis genes are implicated but have not been fully examined in association with GEA. This study investigated whether a polyepigenetic glucocorticoid exposure score (PGES) and HPA axis gene (NR3C1, HSD11B2, FKBP5) methylation were associated with GEA, and whether associations were sex-specific. Participants were from a prospective cohort of racial/ethnic diverse and socially disadvantaged pregnant women and infants (n = 200). DNA methylation variables were estimated using umbilical cord blood. PGES was derived with CpGs shown to be sensitive to synthetic dexamethasone exposure. NR3C1, HSD11B2, and FKBP5 methylation was summarized via factor analysis. We found that PGES (β = -1.12, SE = 0.47, p = 0.02) and several NR3C1 and FKBP5 factor scores were associated with decelerated GEA (all p < 0.05). A significant sex interaction was observed for FKBP5 factor score 3 (β = -0.34, SE = 0.15, p = 0.02) suggesting decelerated GEA for males but not females. This study showed that glucocorticoid regulation-related DNA methylation was associated with a decelerated aging phenotype at birth that might indicate a neonatal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A. Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany College of Integrated Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Aspatwar A, Parkkinen J, Parkkila S. Physiological role of bicarbonate in microbes: A double-edged sword? Virulence 2025; 16:2474865. [PMID: 40047280 PMCID: PMC11901407 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2025.2474865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
HCO3- is involved in pH homoeostasis and plays a multifaceted role in human health. HCO3- has been recognized for its antimicrobial properties and is pivotal in bacterial antibiotic susceptibility. Notably, the interconversion between CO2 and HCO3-, facilitated by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), is crucial in tissues infected by pathogens. Studies have highlighted the antimicrobial potency of CA inhibitors, emphasizing the importance of this enzyme in this area. The potential of HCO3- as an antibiotic adjuvant is evident; its ability to increase virulence in pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires meticulous scrutiny. HCO3- modulates bacterial behaviours in diverse manners: it promotes Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization in the human gut by altering specific gene expression and, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, amplifies the effect of tobramycin on planktonic cells while promoting biofilm formation. These multifaceted effects necessitate profound mechanistic exploration before HCO3- can be considered a promising clinical adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jenny Parkkinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories PLC, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Zhou CK, Liu ZZ, Peng ZR, Luo XY, Zhang XM, Zhang JG, Zhang L, Chen W, Yang YJ. M28 family peptidase derived from Peribacillus frigoritolerans initiates trained immunity to prevent MRSA via the complosome-phosphatidylcholine axis. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2484386. [PMID: 40159598 PMCID: PMC11959922 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2484386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a major global health threat due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics. The commensal microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host, playing essential roles in metabolism, energy regulation, immune modulation, and pathogen control. Mammals harbor a wide range of commensal bacteria capable of producing unique metabolites with potential therapeutic properties. This study demonstrated that M28 family peptidase (M28), derived from commensal bacteria Peribacillus frigoritolerans (P. f), provided protective effects against MRSA-induced pneumonia. M28 enhanced the phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of macrophages by inducing trained immunity. RNA sequencing and metabolomic analyses identified the CFB-C3a-C3aR-HIF-1α axis-mediated phosphatidylcholine accumulation as the key mechanism for M28-induced trained immunity. Phosphatidylcholine, like M28, also induced trained immunity. To enhance M28-mediated therapeutic potential, it was encapsulated in liposomes (M28-LNPs), which exhibited superior immune-stimulating properties compared to M28 alone. In vivo experiments revealed that M28-LNPs significantly reduced bacterial loads and lung damage following MRSA infection, which also provided enhanced protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. We first confirmed a link between complement activation and trained immunity, offering valuable insights into the treatment and prevention of complement-related autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kai Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, P. R China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, P. R China
| | - Zi-Ran Peng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, P. R China
| | - Xue-Yue Luo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, P. R China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, P. R China
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, P. R China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, P. R China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, P. R China
| | - Yong-Jun Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, P. R China
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Sall I, Foxall R, Felth L, Maret S, Rosa Z, Gaur A, Calawa J, Pavlik N, Whistler JL, Whistler CA. Gut dysbiosis was inevitable, but tolerance was not: temporal responses of the murine microbiota that maintain its capacity for butyrate production correlate with sustained antinociception to chronic morphine. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2446423. [PMID: 39800714 PMCID: PMC11730370 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2446423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of opioids are compromised by the development of analgesic tolerance, which necessitates higher dosing for pain management thereby increasing the liability for drug dependence and addiction. Rodent models indicate opposing roles of the gut microbiota in tolerance: morphine-induced gut dysbiosis exacerbates tolerance, whereas probiotics ameliorate tolerance. Not all individuals develop tolerance, which could be influenced by differences in microbiota, and yet no study design has capitalized upon this natural variation. We leveraged natural behavioral variation in a murine model of voluntary oral morphine self-administration to elucidate the mechanisms by which microbiota influences tolerance. Although all mice shared similar morphine-driven microbiota changes that largely masked informative associations with variability in tolerance, our high-resolution temporal analyses revealed a divergence in the progression of dysbiosis that best explained sustained antinociception. Mice that did not develop tolerance maintained a higher capacity for production of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate known to bolster intestinal barriers and promote neuronal homeostasis. Both fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from donor mice that did not develop tolerance and dietary butyrate supplementation significantly reduced the development of tolerance independently of suppression of systemic inflammation. These findings could inform immediate therapies to extend the analgesic efficacy of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Sall
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Graduate program in Molecular and Evolutionary Systems Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Randi Foxall
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Lindsey Felth
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Soren Maret
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Zachary Rosa
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anirudh Gaur
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Calawa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Nadia Pavlik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Whistler
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Whistler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
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Fumagalli A, Castells-Nobau A, Trivedi D, Garre-Olmo J, Puig J, Ramos R, Ramió-Torrentà L, Pérez-Brocal V, Moya A, Swann J, Martin-Garcia E, Maldonado R, Fernández-Real JM, Mayneris-Perxachs J. Archaea methanogens are associated with cognitive performance through the shaping of gut microbiota, butyrate and histidine metabolism. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2455506. [PMID: 39910065 PMCID: PMC11810085 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2455506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 12/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
The relationship between bacteria, cognitive function and obesity is well established, yet the role of archaeal species remains underexplored. We used shotgun metagenomics and neuropsychological tests to identify microbial species associated with cognition in a discovery cohort (IRONMET, n = 125). Interestingly, methanogen archaeas exhibited the strongest positive associations with cognition, particularly Methanobrevibacter smithii (M. smithii). Stratifying individuals by median-centered log ratios (CLR) of M. smithii (low and high M. smithii groups: LMs and HMs) revealed that HMs exhibited better cognition and distinct gut bacterial profiles (PERMANOVA p = 0.001), characterized by increased levels of Verrucomicrobia, Synergistetes and Lentisphaerae species and reduced levels of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Several of these species were linked to the cognitive test scores. These findings were replicated in a large-scale validation cohort (Aging Imageomics, n = 942). Functional analyses revealed an enrichment of energy, butyrate, and bile acid metabolism in HMs in both cohorts. Global plasma metabolomics by CIL LC-MS in IRONMET identified an enrichment of methylhistidine, phenylacetate, alpha-linolenic and linoleic acid, and secondary bile acid metabolism associated with increased levels of 3-methylhistidine, phenylacetylgluamine, adrenic acid, and isolithocholic acid in the HMs group. Phenylacetate and linoleic acid metabolism also emerged in the Aging Imageomics cohort performing untargeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS metabolic profiling, while a targeted bile acid profiling identified again isolithocholic acid as one of the most significant bile acid increased in the HMs. 3-Methylhistidine levels were also associated with intense physical activity in a second validation cohort (IRONMET-CGM, n = 116). Finally, FMT from HMs donors improved cognitive flexibility, reduced weight, and altered SCFAs, histidine-, linoleic acid- and phenylalanine-related metabolites in the dorsal striatum of recipient mice. M. smithii seems to interact with the bacterial ecosystem affecting butyrate, histidine, phenylalanine, and linoleic acid metabolism with a positive impact on cognition, constituting a promising therapeutic target to enhance cognitive performance, especially in subjects with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fumagalli
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI-CERCA), Girona, Spain
- Integrative Systems Medicine and Biology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI-CERCA), Salt, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Castells-Nobau
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI-CERCA), Girona, Spain
- Integrative Systems Medicine and Biology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI-CERCA), Salt, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid, Spain
| | - Dakshat Trivedi
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Josep Garre-Olmo
- serra-hunter program Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- Department of Radiology (IDI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Rafel Ramos
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Vascular Health Research Group of Girona (ISV-Girona), Jordi Gol Institute for Primary Care Research (Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol I Gorina -IDIAPJGol), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud-RICAPPS- ISCIII Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Research in Vascular Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI-CERCA), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Lluís Ramió-Torrentà
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Research Group, IDIBGI-CERCA, Girona, Spain
| | - Vicente Pérez-Brocal
- Area of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Area of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jonathan Swann
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elena Martin-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI-CERCA), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Integrative Systems Medicine and Biology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI-CERCA), Salt, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid, Spain
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Wang S, Zhou H, Mao J, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Pang M, Jin X, Zhang J, Luo L, You J. Precision nanomedicine for pneumonocyte-targeting: Emerging strategies and clinical prospects in refractory pulmonary disease therapy. Biomaterials 2025; 323:123420. [PMID: 40424832 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Revised: 05/11/2025] [Accepted: 05/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Refractory pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis (TB), pose a critical global health challenge due to the limitations of conventional therapies in advanced stages, such as poor drug penetration, systemic side effects, and inability to eradicate pathogens in protected microenvironments. While the lung's complex structure is essential for respiratory function, it also facilitates persistent damage from environmental and infectious agents. Nanomedicine provides a transformative approach by utilizing customizable carriers (e.g., ligand-gated targeting, stimuli-responsive payload release) to bypass physiological barriers through both passive mechanisms such as enhanced vascular permeability and active-targeting. Such platforms achieve hierarchical drug deposition-from organ-level accumulation to pneumonocyte-targeting-thereby addressing the spatial heterogeneity of therapy-resistant lesions. Besides, A unique advantage of nanomedicine lies in its intrinsic interactions with lung immune cells (e.g., macrophages), allowing dual-functional systems that not only deliver therapeutics to disease sites but also modulate local immune responses-such as reducing inflammation in COPD or enhancing bacterial clearance in TB. This targeted approach improves treatment efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. Furthermore, nanomedicine ensures the stability of encapsulated drugs, particularly nucleic acid therapeutics (siRNA, mRNA), which are crucial for treating genetic defect-related pulmonary diseases. Building on the relationship between malignant pulmonary conditions and lung cells, this review summarizes nanoplatform-based strategies for precise targeting and examines ongoing clinical trials. By bridging the gap between preclinical research and clinical application, this review aims to guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches and accelerate the clinical translation of nanomedicines for refractory pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Huanli Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jiapeng Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Yuxin Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Mei Pang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Xizhi Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, 498 Yiwu Street, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321299, PR China.
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Zheng W, Lin X, Chen H, Yang Z, Zhao H, Li S, Song T, Sun Y. Gut microbiota and endometrial cancer: research progress on the pathogenesis and application. Ann Med 2025; 57:2451766. [PMID: 39810645 PMCID: PMC11737052 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2451766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
As one of the three major malignant tumors in women, the morbidity of endometrial cancer is second only to that of cervical cancer and is increasing yearly. Its etiological mechanism is not clear, and the risk factors are numerous and common and are closely related to obesity, hypertension, diabetes, etc. The gut microbiota has many strains, which play a considerable part in normal digestion and absorption in the human body and the regulation of the immune response. In the last few years, research on the gut microbiota has been unprecedentedly popular, and it has been confirmed that the gut microbiota closely correlates with the occurrence and development of all kinds of benign and malignant diseases. In this article, the effects of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer is reviewed, and its application in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huixin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziling Yang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Sun S, Arif Aslam M, Ma EB, Lee G, Muhammad Ahmad Javaid H, Yoon S, Huh JY. Activation of CXCR7 exerts an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis through regulation of β-arrestin2/Wnt and AKT signalling. Adipocyte 2025; 14:2490258. [PMID: 40302245 PMCID: PMC12045560 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2025.2490258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 03/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
CXCR7, an alternative receptor for the inflammatory chemokine SDF-1, is involved in cell proliferation and migration. Recent studies have reported that CXCR7 also plays a role in adipose tissue. However, evidence regarding the role of CXCR7 and its ligands in adipocyte differentiation is limited. In this study, we aimed to elucidate changes in CXCR7 expression during adipocyte differentiation and the role of the SDF-1/CXCR7/CXCR4 axis in adipogenesis using recombinant SDF-1, the CXCR7 ligand CCX771, and small interfering RNAs. The results indicated that the levels of SDF-1 and its receptors, CXCR7 and CXCR4, decreased during the early stages of adipogenesis. Treatment with recombinant SDF-1 and CCX771 inhibited adipogenesis and lipid accumulation by inducing β-arrestin2, Wnt expression, and AKT phosphorylation and downregulating C/EBPα, PPARγ, and FABP4 expression. In contrast, knockdown of SDF-1 and CXCR7 in preadipocytes downregulated the β-arrestin2/Wnt and AKT pathway, leading to the induction of adipogenesis. Meanwhile, knockdown of CXCR4 had no significant effect. In mice, basal gene expression levels of SDF-1 and CXCR7 were higher in the stromal vascular fraction compared to mature adipocytes and were significantly upregulated by a high-fat diet. Our results provide new insights into the local role of the SDF-1-CXCR7 axis in adipocytes and offer additional benefits for the prevention of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Arif Aslam
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad Javaid
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Somy Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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45
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Kostin A, Suntsova N, Kumar S, Gvilia I. Chemogenetic inhibition of corticotropin releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus attenuates traumatic stress-induced deficit of NREM sleep, but not REM sleep in mice. Stress 2025; 28:2465393. [PMID: 39957245 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2025.2465393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Present study was aimed to elucidate the role of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons located in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in the mechanisms of stress-induced insomnia. Experiments were done in the rodent model of traumatic stress, mice exposure to the predator (rat) odor. Sleep changes associated with this model of stress were first assessed in adult male C57BL/6J wild-type mice (n = 12). The effect of chemogenetic silencing of CRH neurons within the PVN on traumatic stress-induced insomnia was examined in adult male CRH-ires-Cre mice using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) technology. Animals received bilateral injections of inhibitory DREADD vector AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry (n = 10) or control AAV-hSyn-DIO-mCherry virus (n = 10) into the PVN during surgery. The DREADD was activated by intraperitoneal injection of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) prior to the induction of traumatic stress. The exposure of mice to rat odor induced strong long-lasting suppression of both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stages in both experiments. Selective suppression of CRH neurons within the PVN alleviated acute insomnia by significantly increasing the time spent in NREM sleep but it did not counteract the stress-induced deficit in REM sleep. These findings suggest a specific role for CRH-secreting neurons within the PVN in the suppression of NREM sleep during acute insomnia caused by predator odor stress, whereas REM sleep suppression is controlled by a different mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kostin
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Suntsova
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, USA
| | - Irma Gvilia
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Qing L, Qian X, Zhu H, Wang J, Sun J, Jin Z, Tang X, Zhao Y, Wang G, Zhao J, Chen W, Tian P. Maternal-infant probiotic transmission mitigates early-life stress-induced autism in mice. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2456584. [PMID: 39931863 PMCID: PMC11817528 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2456584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2024] [Revised: 12/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Autism, a disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, presents significant challenges for prevention and treatment. While maternal-infant gut microbiota has been a focus in autism research, preventive strategies targeting maternal gut microbiota remain underexplored. This study demonstrates that prenatal probiotic intake can effectively prevent maternal separation-induced autistic-like behaviors in offspring without altering the embryonic neurodevelopment in mice. Using specific PCR primers and cross-fostering experiments, we traced the vertical transmission of probiotics, primarily via fecal/vaginal contamination. Early probiotic colonization conferred resilience against stress-induced gut pathogenic microbes and Th17-mediated peripheral inflammation while significantly inhibiting hypermyelination and neuroinflammation linked to systemic inflammation. Microbial metabolites like tyrosol and xanthurenic acid alleviated neuroinflammation and hypermyelination in vitro, though the causal relationship among neuroinflammation, hypermyelination, and autism in vivo requires further validation. These findings underscore the importance of the maternal-infant microbiota transmission window in autism prevention and highlight the clinical potential of prenatal probiotic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huiyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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47
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Zhao X, Qiu Y, Liang L, Fu X. Interkingdom signaling between gastrointestinal hormones and the gut microbiome. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2456592. [PMID: 39851261 PMCID: PMC11776477 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2456592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones plays a pivotal role in the health of the host and the development of diseases. As a vital component of the intestinal microecosystem, the gut microbiota influences the synthesis and release of many gastrointestinal hormones through mechanisms such as modulating the intestinal environment, producing metabolites, impacting mucosal barriers, generating immune and inflammatory responses, and releasing neurotransmitters. Conversely, gastrointestinal hormones exert feedback regulation on the gut microbiota by modulating the intestinal environment, nutrient absorption and utilization, and the bacterial biological behavior and composition. The distributions of the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones are anatomically intertwined, and close interactions between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones are crucial for maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis. Interventions leveraging the interplay between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones have been employed in the clinical management of metabolic diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases, such as bariatric surgery and fecal microbiota transplantation, offering promising targets for the treatment of dysbiosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lanfan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Holm H, Jujic A, Nilsson PM, Magnusson M, Malan L. The prognostic significance of stress-phenotyping for stroke incidence: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Stress 2025; 28:2443980. [PMID: 39731532 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2443980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported mental stress is not consistently recognized as a risk factor for stroke. This prompted development of a novel algorithm for stress-phenotype indices to quantify chronic stress prevalence in relation to a modified stroke risk score in a South African cohort. The algorithm is based on biomarkers adrenocorticotrophic hormone, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitive cardiac-troponin-T, and diastolic blood pressure which exemplifies the stress-ischemic-phenotype index. Further modification of the stroke risk score to accommodate alcohol misuse established the stress-diabetes-phenotype index. Whether positive stress-phenotype individuals will demonstrate a higher incidence of stroke in an independent Swedish cohort was unknown and investigated. METHODS Stress-phenotyping was done at baseline for 50 participants with incident stroke and 100 age-, and sex matched controls (aged 76 ± 5 years) from 2,924 individuals in southern Sweden. The mean time from inclusion to first stroke event was 5 ± 3 years. Stress-phenotyping comparisons and stroke incidence risk were determined. RESULTS A positive stress-ischemic-phenotype reflected higher incident stroke (72% vs. 28%, p = 0.019) and mortality rates (41% vs. 23%, p = 0.019). Whereas a positive stress-diabetes-phenotype reflected a higher incident stroke rate (80% vs. 20%, p = 0.008) but similar mortality rate (38% vs. 25%, p = 0.146). Both the positive stress-ischemic (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3-6.5, p = 0.011) and stress-diabetes-phenotypes (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5-8.9, p = 0.004) showed large effect size associations with incident stroke independent of cardiovascular risk confounders. CONCLUSION Positive stress-phenotype indices demonstrated a higher incidence of stroke. Ultimately the Malan stress-phenotype algorithms developed in South Africa could confirm incident stroke in an independent Swedish cohort. Stress-phenotyping could thus be useful in clinical routine practice in order to detect individuals at higher stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Holm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Jujic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - L Malan
- Technology Transfer and Innovation-Support Office, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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49
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Santoro AM, Persico M, D’Urso A, Cunsolo A, Tkachuk O, Milardi D, Purrello R, Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Osmulski PA, Gaczynska M, Coletta M, Fattorusso C. Tetra-anionic porphyrin mimics protein-protein interactions between regulatory particles and the catalytic core, allosterically activating human 20S proteasome. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2025; 40:2482892. [PMID: 40192126 PMCID: PMC11980194 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2025.2482892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Decreased proteasome activity is a hallmark of brain and retinal neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases, glaucoma) boosting the search for molecules acting as proteasome activators. Based on the hypothesis of an electrostatic key code driving catalytic core particle (20S) activation by regulatory particles (RPs), we identified the tetra-anionic meso-Tetrakis(4-sulphonatophenyl)-porphyrin (H2TPPS) as a new activator of human proteasome. By means of an integrated approach, including bioinformatics, enzymatic kinetic analysis, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic docking simulations, we show how binding of H2TPPS affects the closed/open conformational equilibrium of human 20S to ultimately promote substrate gate opening and proteolytic activity. These outcomes support our hypothesis and pave the way to the rational discovery of new proteasome allosteric modulators able to reproduce the key structural elements of regulatory particles responsible for catalytic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Santoro
- National Research Council, Institute of Crystallography, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M. Persico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - A. D’Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A. Cunsolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Epic Sciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - O. Tkachuk
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - D. Milardi
- National Research Council, Institute of Crystallography, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R. Purrello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G. R. Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | | | - P. A. Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - M. Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - C. Fattorusso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
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50
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Zhu Y, Lin Y, Xie S, Yang M, Zhang W, Wu M, Liu Y, Xu D, Xian S, Tong X, Huang J, Jiang L, Guo X, Gu M, Yu H, Ding X, Li Y, Du Y, He H, Lu J, Huang R, Ji S. Mapping intellectual structures and research hotspots of chronic wound in global perspective. Regen Ther 2025; 30:47-62. [PMID: 40491561 PMCID: PMC12146492 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2025.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 05/04/2025] [Indexed: 06/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic wounds included but were not limited to diabetes foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers and pressure ulcers. The challenge of difficult healing placed a heavy burden on patients and society. Our objective was to explain the healing process of chronic wounds and the development of treatment technologies in the past few years and to provide relevant, valuable information. Methods Our scientific publications were retrieved from the core collection of the Web of Science (WoSCC) database collection. The bibliometric visualization and analysis were performed by the software Biblioshiny based on R-bibliometrix. VOSviewer software and Citespace software were responsible for the validation of the results. Results A total of 8129 articles related to wound healing in chronic wounds were retrieved. The countries, institutions, and journals with the highest number of publications were the USA, the N8 research partnership, and the Journal of Wound Care, respectively. Armstrong DG and Dumville JC were the most influential authors in this field. The keyword analysis showed two key clusters of keywords, including "dressings" and "management". Trend topics analysis revealed frequent keywords in recent years, including "nanofibers" and "injectable hydrogels". Conclusion Our research was the first to reveal the cellular and molecular mechanisms and key clinical management strategies in the healing process of chronic wounds in the future through metrological and systematic evaluation, which may have important translational value in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yizhen Lin
- Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sujie Xie
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Minjuan Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dayuan Xu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xirui Tong
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Luofeng Jiang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xinya Guo
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Minyi Gu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Hengkai Yu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xinran Ding
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yixu Li
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yiyao Du
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Heng He
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Shizhao Ji
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
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