451
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Carus-Cadavieco M, Gorbati M, Ye L, Bender F, van der Veldt S, Kosse C, Börgers C, Lee SY, Ramakrishnan C, Hu Y, Denisova N, Ramm F, Volitaki E, Burdakov D, Deisseroth K, Ponomarenko A, Korotkova T. Gamma oscillations organize top-down signalling to hypothalamus and enable food seeking. Nature 2017; 542:232-236. [PMID: 28146472 DOI: 10.1038/nature21066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both humans and animals seek primary rewards in the environment, even when such rewards do not correspond to current physiological needs. An example of this is a dissociation between food-seeking behaviour and metabolic needs, a notoriously difficult-to-treat symptom of eating disorders. Feeding relies on distinct cell groups in the hypothalamus, the activity of which also changes in anticipation of feeding onset. The hypothalamus receives strong descending inputs from the lateral septum, which is connected, in turn, with cortical networks, but cognitive regulation of feeding-related behaviours is not yet understood. Cortical cognitive processing involves gamma oscillations, which support memory, attention, cognitive flexibility and sensory responses. These functions contribute crucially to feeding behaviour by unknown neural mechanisms. Here we show that coordinated gamma (30-90 Hz) oscillations in the lateral hypothalamus and upstream brain regions organize food-seeking behaviour in mice. Gamma-rhythmic input to the lateral hypothalamus from somatostatin-positive lateral septum cells evokes food approach without affecting food intake. Inhibitory inputs from the lateral septum enable separate signalling by lateral hypothalamus neurons according to their feeding-related activity, making them fire at distinct phases of the gamma oscillation. Upstream, medial prefrontal cortical projections provide gamma-rhythmic inputs to the lateral septum; these inputs are causally associated with improved performance in a food-rewarded learning task. Overall, our work identifies a top-down pathway that uses gamma synchronization to guide the activity of subcortical networks and to regulate feeding behaviour by dynamic reorganization of functional cell groups in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carus-Cadavieco
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/ NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Gorbati
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/ NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Franziska Bender
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/ NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Suzanne van der Veldt
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/ NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Kosse
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Christoph Börgers
- Department of Mathematics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Soo Yeun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yubin Hu
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/ NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Denisova
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/ NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Ramm
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/ NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emmanouela Volitaki
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/ NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Burdakov
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, W080 Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive West, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alexey Ponomarenko
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/ NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatiana Korotkova
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/ NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
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452
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Roschlau C, Hauber W. Effects of dorsal hippocampus catecholamine depletion on paired-associates learning and place learning in rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 323:124-132. [PMID: 28153394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the catecholamine (CA) neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline support hippocampus-mediated learning and memory. However, little is known to date about which forms of hippocampus-mediated spatial learning are modulated by CA signaling in the hippocampus. Therefore, in the current study we examined the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced CA depletion in the dorsal hippocampus on two prominent forms of hippocampus-based spatial learning, that is learning of object-location associations (paired-associates learning) as well as learning and choosing actions based on a representation of the context (place learning). Results show that rats with CA depletion of the dorsal hippocampus were able to learn object-location associations in an automated touch screen paired-associates learning (PAL) task. One possibility to explain this negative result is that object-location learning as tested in the touchscreen PAL task seems to require relatively little hippocampal processing. Results further show that in rats with CA depletion of the dorsal hippocampus the use of a response strategy was facilitated in a T-maze spatial learning task. We suspect that impaired hippocampus CA signaling may attenuate hippocampus-based place learning and favor dorsolateral striatum-based response learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Roschlau
- Department Animal Physiology, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hauber
- Department Animal Physiology, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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453
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Morales M, Margolis EB. Ventral tegmental area: cellular heterogeneity, connectivity and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:73-85. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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454
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Menegas W, Babayan BM, Uchida N, Watabe-Uchida M. Opposite initialization to novel cues in dopamine signaling in ventral and posterior striatum in mice. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28054919 PMCID: PMC5271609 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurons are thought to encode novelty in addition to reward prediction error (the discrepancy between actual and predicted values). In this study, we compared dopamine activity across the striatum using fiber fluorometry in mice. During classical conditioning, we observed opposite dynamics in dopamine axon signals in the ventral striatum (‘VS dopamine’) and the posterior tail of the striatum (‘TS dopamine’). TS dopamine showed strong excitation to novel cues, whereas VS dopamine showed no responses to novel cues until they had been paired with a reward. TS dopamine cue responses decreased over time, depending on what the cue predicted. Additionally, TS dopamine showed excitation to several types of stimuli including rewarding, aversive, and neutral stimuli whereas VS dopamine showed excitation only to reward or reward-predicting cues. Together, these results demonstrate that dopamine novelty signals are localized in TS along with general salience signals, while VS dopamine reliably encodes reward prediction error. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21886.001 New experiences trigger a variety of responses in animals. We are surprised by, move towards, and often explore new objects. But how does the brain control these responses? Dopamine is a molecule that controls many processes in the brain and plays critical roles in various mental disorders, diseases that affect movement, and addiction. Rewarding experiences (like a glass of cold water on a hot day) can trigger dopamine neurons and studies have also shown that dopamine neurons respond to new experiences. This suggested that novelty may be rewarding in itself, or that novelty may signal the potential for future reward. On the other hand, it may be that different groups of dopamine neurons play different roles in responding to new or rewarding experiences. In 2015, it was reported that dopamine neurons connected to the rear part of an area in the brain called the striatum receive signals from different parts of the brain than most other dopamine neurons. The dopamine neurons connected to this “tail” of the striatum preferentially received inputs from regions involved in arousal rather than reward, suggesting that they may have a unique role and transmit a different type of information. Now, Menegas et al. have shown that dopamine signals in different areas of the striatum separate reward from novelty and other signals in mice. The results demonstrate that new odors activate dopamine neurons projecting to the tail of the striatum, but that this activity fades as the novelty wears off (as the mice learn to associate the odor with a particular outcome). By contrast, dopamine neurons projecting to the front of the striatum do not respond to novelty, but rather become more active as mice learn which odors accompany rewards (only responding to odors that predict reward). The experiments also show that dopamine neurons in the tail of the striatum encode information about the importance of a stimulus. Together, these findings indicate that some of the roles dopamine plays in the brain may not be related to reward, but are instead linked to the novelty and importance of the stimulus. The next challenge will be to find out how the separate reward and novelty signals in dopamine neurons relate to the animals’ behavior. This may help us to better understand dopamine-related psychiatric conditions, such as depression and addiction. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21886.002
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Affiliation(s)
- William Menegas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Benedicte M Babayan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Naoshige Uchida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
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455
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Li X, Sun D, Li X, Zhu D, Jia Z, Jiao J, Wang K, Kong D, Zhao X, Xu L, Zhao Q, Chen D, Feng X. PEGylation corannulene enhances response of stress through promoting neurogenesis. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:849-859. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00068e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized PEGylation corannulene nanoparticles was examined in neural functions, which have effects on improving behavioral response to stress and promoting neurogenesis.
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456
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Schlenker EH. Sexual dimorphism of cardiopulmonary regulation in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 245:37-44. [PMID: 27756648 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ANH) interacts with other hypothalamic nuclei, forebrain regions, and downstream brain sites to affect autonomic nervous system outflow, energy balance, temperature regulation, sleep, arousal, neuroendocrine function, reproduction, and cardiopulmonary regulation. Compared to studies of other ANH functions, how the ANH regulates cardiopulmonary function is less understood. Importantly, the ANH exhibits structural and functional sexually dimorphic characteristics and contains numerous neuroactive substances and receptors including leptin, neuropeptide Y, glutamate, acetylcholine, endorphins, orexin, kisspeptin, insulin, Agouti-related protein, cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript, dopamine, somatostatin, components of renin-angiotensin system and gamma amino butyric acid that modulate physiological functions. Moreover, several clinically relevant disorders are associated with ANH ventilatory control dysfunction. This review highlights how ANH neurotransmitter systems and receptors modulate breathing differently in male and female rodents. Results highlight the significance of the ANH in cardiopulmonary regulation. The paucity of studies in this area that will hopefully spark investigations of sexually dimorphic ANH-modulation of breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn H Schlenker
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069, United States.
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457
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Bak TH, Robertson I. Biology enters the scene-a new perspective on bilingualism, cognition, and dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 50:iii-iv. [PMID: 27866671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether bilingualism can influence cognitive functions in healthy aging as well as in brain diseases is currently a topic of an intense debate. In a study published in this issue of the "Neurobiology of Ageing", Estanga et al. are breaking new ground by combining cognitive and biological approaches. Based on the data from the Guipuzkoa Alzheimer Project, they report that, compared with monolinguals, early bilinguals are not only characterized by a better cognitive performance in several domains and a lower prevalence of Alzheimer's disease but also by lower levels of t-tau in their cerebrospinal fluid. We suggest that sustained activation of noradrenergic signaling pathways associated with bilingualism could provide a possible mechanism linking results of this study with previous observations of delayed onset of dementia in bilinguals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Bak
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; UK Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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458
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Prince LY, Bacon TJ, Tigaret CM, Mellor JR. Neuromodulation of the Feedforward Dentate Gyrus-CA3 Microcircuit. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:32. [PMID: 27799909 PMCID: PMC5065980 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The feedforward dentate gyrus-CA3 microcircuit in the hippocampus is thought to activate ensembles of CA3 pyramidal cells and interneurons to encode and retrieve episodic memories. The creation of these CA3 ensembles depends on neuromodulatory input and synaptic plasticity within this microcircuit. Here we review the mechanisms by which the neuromodulators aceylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin reconfigure this microcircuit and thereby infer the net effect of these modulators on the processes of episodic memory encoding and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Y Prince
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Travis J Bacon
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Cezar M Tigaret
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Jack R Mellor
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
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459
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Eichenbaum H, Amaral DG, Buffalo EA, Buzsáki G, Cohen N, Davachi L, Frank L, Heckers S, Morris RGM, Moser EI, Nadel L, O'Keefe J, Preston A, Ranganath C, Silva A, Witter M. Hippocampus at 25. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1238-49. [PMID: 27399159 PMCID: PMC5367855 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The journal Hippocampus has passed the milestone of 25 years of publications on the topic of a highly studied brain structure, and its closely associated brain areas. In a recent celebration of this event, a Boston memory group invited 16 speakers to address the question of progress in understanding the hippocampus that has been achieved. Here we present a summary of these talks organized as progress on four main themes: (1) Understanding the hippocampus in terms of its interactions with multiple cortical areas within the medial temporal lobe memory system, (2) understanding the relationship between memory and spatial information processing functions of the hippocampal region, (3) understanding the role of temporal organization in spatial and memory processing by the hippocampus, and (4) understanding how the hippocampus integrates related events into networks of memories. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Eichenbaum
- Center for Memory and Brain and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA.
| | - David G Amaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and UC Davis Mind Institute, Davis, CA
| | - Elizabeth A Buffalo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Deparment of Neuroscience and Physiology and NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Medical School, New York, NY
| | - Neal Cohen
- Psychology Department and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, New York Institute, New York, NY
| | - Loren Frank
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Richard G M Morris
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems,The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edvard I Moser
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lynn Nadel
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - John O'Keefe
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
| | - Alison Preston
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and UC Davis Mind Institute, Davis, CA
| | - Alcino Silva
- Department of Psychology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Menno Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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