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Sachdeva P, Bak JH, Livezey J, Kirst C, Frank L, Bhattacharyya S, Bouchard KE. Resolving Non-identifiability Mitigates Bias in Models of Neural Tuning and Functional Coupling. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.11.548615. [PMID: 37503030 PMCID: PMC10370036 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, all neurons are driven by the activity of other neurons, some of which maybe simultaneously recorded, but most are not. As such, models of neuronal activity need to account for simultaneously recorded neurons and the influences of unmeasured neurons. This can be done through inclusion of model terms for observed external variables (e.g., tuning to stimuli) as well as terms for latent sources of variability. Determining the influence of groups of neurons on each other relative to other influences is important to understand brain functioning. The parameters of statistical models fit to data are commonly used to gain insight into the relative importance of those influences. Scientific interpretation of models hinge upon unbiased parameter estimates. However, evaluation of biased inference is rarely performed and sources of bias are poorly understood. Through extensive numerical study and analytic calculation, we show that common inference procedures and models are typically biased. We demonstrate that accurate parameter selection before estimation resolves model non-identifiability and mitigates bias. In diverse neurophysiology data sets, we found that contributions of coupling to other neurons are often overestimated while tuning to exogenous variables are underestimated in common methods. We explain heterogeneity in observed biases across data sets in terms of data statistics. Finally, counter to common intuition, we found that model non-identifiability contributes to bias, not variance, making it a particularly insidious form of statistical error. Together, our results identify the causes of statistical biases in common models of neural data, provide inference procedures to mitigate that bias, and reveal and explain the impact of those biases in diverse neural data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Sachdeva
- Physics Department, UC Berkeley
- Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, UC Berkeley
| | - Ji Hyun Bak
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UC San Francisco
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
| | - Jesse Livezey
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
| | - Christoph Kirst
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UC San Francisco
- Scientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
- Deptartment of Anatomy, UC San Francisco
| | - Loren Frank
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UC San Francisco
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, UC San Francisco
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | | | - Kristofer E. Bouchard
- Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, UC Berkeley
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UC San Francisco
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
- Scientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley
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Abstract
Systems consolidation-a process for long-term memory stabilization-has been hypothesized to occur in two stages1-4. Whereas new memories require the hippocampus5-9, they become integrated into cortical networks over time10-12, making them independent of the hippocampus. How hippocampal-cortical dialogue precisely evolves during this and how cortical representations change in concert is unknown. Here, we use a skill learning task13,14 to monitor the dynamics of cross-area coupling during non-rapid eye movement sleep along with changes in primary motor cortex (M1) representational stability. Our results indicate that precise cross-area coupling between hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and M1 can demarcate two distinct stages of processing. We specifically find that each animal demonstrates a sharp increase in prefrontal cortex and M1 sleep slow oscillation coupling with stabilization of performance. This sharp increase then predicts a drop in hippocampal sharp-wave ripple (SWR)-M1 slow oscillation coupling-suggesting feedback to inform hippocampal disengagement and transition to a second stage. Notably, the first stage shows significant increases in hippocampal SWR-M1 slow oscillation coupling in the post-training sleep and is closely associated with rapid learning and variability of the M1 low-dimensional manifold. Strikingly, even after consolidation, inducing new manifold exploration by changing task parameters re-engages hippocampal-M1 coupling. We thus find evidence for dynamic hippocampal-cortical dialogue associated with manifold exploration during learning and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekyung Kim
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abhilasha Joshi
- HHMI and Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Loren Frank
- HHMI and Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karunesh Ganguly
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Rübel O, Tritt A, Ly R, Dichter BK, Ghosh S, Niu L, Baker P, Soltesz I, Ng L, Svoboda K, Frank L, Bouchard KE. The Neurodata Without Borders ecosystem for neurophysiological data science. eLife 2022; 11:e78362. [PMID: 36193886 PMCID: PMC9531949 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiology of cells and tissues are monitored electrophysiologically and optically in diverse experiments and species, ranging from flies to humans. Understanding the brain requires integration of data across this diversity, and thus these data must be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR). This requires a standard language for data and metadata that can coevolve with neuroscience. We describe design and implementation principles for a language for neurophysiology data. Our open-source software (Neurodata Without Borders, NWB) defines and modularizes the interdependent, yet separable, components of a data language. We demonstrate NWB's impact through unified description of neurophysiology data across diverse modalities and species. NWB exists in an ecosystem, which includes data management, analysis, visualization, and archive tools. Thus, the NWB data language enables reproduction, interchange, and reuse of diverse neurophysiology data. More broadly, the design principles of NWB are generally applicable to enhance discovery across biology through data FAIRness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rübel
- Scientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Andrew Tritt
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Ryan Ly
- Scientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
| | | | - Satrajit Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Pamela Baker
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleUnited States
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleUnited States
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleUnited States
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Loren Frank
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental NeuroscienceSan FranciscoUnited States
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Kristofer E Bouchard
- Scientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental NeuroscienceSan FranciscoUnited States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Weill NeurohubBerkeleyUnited States
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Zhao Z, Zhu H, Li X, Sun L, He F, Chung JE, Liu DF, Frank L, Luan L, Xie C. Ultraflexible electrode arrays for months-long high-density electrophysiological mapping of thousands of neurons in rodents. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 7:520-532. [PMID: 36192597 PMCID: PMC10067539 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Penetrating flexible electrode arrays can simultaneously record thousands of individual neurons in the brains of live animals. However, it has been challenging to spatially map and longitudinally monitor the dynamics of large three-dimensional neural networks. Here we show that optimized ultraflexible electrode arrays distributed across multiple cortical regions in head-fixed mice and in freely moving rats allow for months-long stable electrophysiological recording of several thousand neurons at densities of about 1,000 neural units per cubic millimetre. The chronic recordings enhanced decoding accuracy during optogenetic stimulation and enabled the detection of strongly coupled neuron pairs at the million-pair and millisecond scales, and thus the inference of patterns of directional information flow. Longitudinal and volumetric measurements of neural couplings may facilitate the study of large-scale neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtuo Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hanlin Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liuyang Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason E Chung
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute of Fundamental Neuroscience, and Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel F Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute of Fundamental Neuroscience, and Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Loren Frank
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute of Fundamental Neuroscience, and Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. .,NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. .,NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Kajjimu J, Lyon M, Angella N, Janat N, Mwanje W, Frank L, Tagg A, Leff R. 195 Satisfaction of Patients With Emergency Care Services Received in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Baiz S, Frank L, Drake E, Kania S. North American Veterinary Dermatology Forum (NAVDF) Abstracts April 28-30 2022. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:272-295. [PMID: 35661295 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Baiz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - L Frank
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - E Drake
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - S Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Bartlett SJ, Bingham C, Predmore Z, Concannon T, Chen E, Schrandt S, Xie R, Chapman R, Frank L. POS1569-PARE TESTING A NEW APPROACH TO IDENTIFY AND ASSESS PATIENT-VALUED TREATMENT GOALS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA): A PATIENT-ENGAGED HEALTHCARE VALUATION STRATEGY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundCommon approaches to valuing health technologies often fail to capture outcomes that matter to patients and families. The treatment goals of people living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include common trial endpoints but also include other facets of disease impact. Identifying a feasible and rigorous approach to inclusion of the patient perspective is needed as trialists increasingly seek to incorporate patient-important outcomes in trial design and as varied patient-centered value assessment frameworks emerge. No standard approach is available to systemically identify and quantify patient-important outcomes, nor to include those outcomes in deliberative decision-making. We developed the Patient-Engaged Healthcare Valuation strategy, using principles of goal attainment scaling to frame survey-based goal collection directly from adults.ObjectivesTo develop and test a goal-based method for collecting RA patient input for use in clinical trials and value assessment and evaluating the feasibility of this approach in people with RA.MethodsPatient goals and domains were identified from (1) a literature review (2010-2020) of patient outcomes, goals, and preferences in RA, and (2) discussions with patients and clinicians during two meetings with a steering committee (SC) consisting of clinicians, outcomes researchers, patients/advocates, and health economists. These goals informed the development of a draft survey. Adults with RA were recruited from online patient networks to rate goal importance and suggest additional goals. SC members reviewed the survey findings and assessed feasibility of scaling up goal collection for HTA.ResultsOf 135 articles identified, 17 were retained. An inductive and iterative approach was used to identify and thematically group the final set of 36 goals into 4 domains. The draft survey was cognitively debriefed with 4 adults with RA. The first survey was administered to 20 participants; results informed item revisions and additions for the second round of data collection (n=27).The 47 respondents were mostly White (87%), college-educated (72%) women (93%) living with RA for an average of 15 years; 75% rated their RA as moderate to severe. Free-text goals added in round 1 include: 1) finding specialists who listen to patient input on symptoms; 2) addressing loneliness or isolation; and 3) finding support from or helping others with RA. All Symptom and Life Impact goals were rated as Important or Very Important by ≥85% of participants; endorsement for Management and Treatment goals was somewhat more variable, with ≥85% endorsing these as Somewhat to Very Important. Results suggested that domains match key goals. Steering committee ratings supported the feasibility of this method.ConclusionGoals relevant for RA treatment evaluation can be efficiently identified and rated for importance by patients. Patient-important goals can be incorporated into deliberative healthcare valuation using this method to permit “crowd-sourced” input from people living with RA and to capture heterogeneous patient perspectives in healthcare valuation.Table 1.Top Goals based on rating as “Very Important” by >70% of subjects, from set of 36. “My goals for living with RA are to…”GoalsNot ImportantSomewhat ImportantImportantVery ImportantSymptom Managementimprove the quality of my life with RA0% (0)0% (0)23% (11)77% (36)manage my RA pain0% (0)2% (1)11% (5)87% (41)reduce how my RA pain interferes with my life0% (0)9% (4)17% (8)74% (35)Life Impactreduce the ways in which RA interferes with my life0% (0)2% (1)21% (10)77% (36)be independent in my daily functioning0% (0)4% (1)15% (4)81% (22)Managing my RAfeel like I can manage my RA0% (0)2% (1)26% (12)72% (34)Treatment Featuresunderstand my RA treatment options0% (0)4% (2)21% (10)74% (35)have the information I need to make treatment decisions0% (0)0% (0)19% (9)81% (38)know what to expect with my RA treatment0% (0)2% (1)23% (11)74% (35)find treatments that are effective0% (0)0% (0)6% (3)94% (44)AcknowledgementsI have no acknowledgements to declare.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Maluski M, Engelhorn A, Weidemann B, Radek C, Flügge M, Moer J, Frank L, Sell D, Raasch J, Barth C, Schultz A, Schallenberg S, Mockel-Tenbrinck N, Assenmacher M. Process Development and Manufacturing: FINAL FORMULATION AND FILLING OF CAR T CELL DRUG PRODUCTS USING A FULLY-AUTOMATED AND FUNCTIONALLY-CLOSED MANUFACTURING SYSTEM. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Droege L, Perschel F, Stütz N, Gafron A, Frank L, Busjahn A, Henrich W, Verlohren S. Risikostratifizierung zur Vorhersage präeklampsie-assoziierter Schwangerschaftskomplikationen mittels sFlt-1/PlGF-Quotient in der klinischen Routine. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L.A Droege
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - F.H Perschel
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie
| | - N Stütz
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - A Gafron
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Paul Gerhardt Stift Wittenberg, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe
| | - L Frank
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - A Busjahn
- HealthTwist GmbH, Biomedizinischer Forschungscampus
| | - W Henrich
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - S Verlohren
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
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10
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Frank L, Gafron A, Henrich W, Verlohren S, Dröge L. Plazentagewicht bei Frauen mit Präeklampsie und IUGR: Korrelation zum sFlt-1/PlGF Level. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Frank
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - A Gafron
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Paul Gerhardt Stift Wittenberg, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe
| | - W Henrich
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - S Verlohren
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - L.A Dröge
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
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11
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Droege L, Eidmann J, Frank L, Henrich W, Verlohren S. Präpartale Hyponatriämie bei Schwangeren mit präeklampsie-assoziierten Schwangerschaftskomplikationen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L.A Droege
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - J Eidmann
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - L Frank
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - W Henrich
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
| | - S Verlohren
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
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Lutter C, Tischer T, Hotfield T, Frank L, Enz A, Simon M, Schoffl V. Current Trends in Sport Climbing Injuries after the Inclusion into the Olympic Program. Analysis of 633 Injuries within the years 2017/18. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2020. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.02.2020.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Lutter
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - T. Tischer
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - T. Hotfield
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L. Frank
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - A. Enz
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - M. Simon
- Department of Sports Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Sports Traumatology, Klinikum Bamberg, Germany
| | - V. Schoffl
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Sports Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Sports Traumatology, Klinikum Bamberg, Germany
- Section of Wilderness Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, USA
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Becket University, Leeds, UK
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13
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Schoffl V, Schoffl I, Frank L, Kupper T, Simon M, Lutter C. Tendon Injuries in the Hands in Rock Climbers:Epidemiology, Anatomy, Biomechanics and Treatment An Update. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2020. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.02.2020.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Schoffl
- Section Sportsorthopedics and Sportsmedicine, Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Bamberg, Bamberg, FRG, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, FRG, Germany
- Section of Wilderness Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, USA
- SSchool of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Becket University, Leeds, UK
| | - I. Schoffl
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Becket University, Leeds, UK
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, FRG, Germany
| | - L. Frank
- Medical School, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, FRG, Germany
| | - T. Kupper
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen Technical University, FRG, Germany
| | - M. Simon
- Section Sportsorthopedics and Sportsmedicine, Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Bamberg, Bamberg, FRG, Germany
| | - C. Lutter
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Bamberg, FRG, Germany
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Genzel L, Dragoi G, Frank L, Ganguly K, de la Prida L, Pfeiffer B, Robertson E. A consensus statement: defining terms for reactivation analysis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20200001. [PMID: 32248790 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During a two-day Royal Society meeting entitled 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future' held at Chicheley Hall in May, 2019, we discussed and defined a set of terms for investigating and reporting in memory reactivations to facilitate a common language and thus simplifying comparison of results. Here, we present the results of the discussion and supply a set of terms such as reactivation and replay, for which the authors have reached a common consensus. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Genzel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - George Dragoi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Loren Frank
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, UCSF
| | - Karunesh Ganguly
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, UCSF
| | | | - Brad Pfeiffer
- O'Donnell Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Edwin Robertson
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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15
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van Vuuren S, Frank L. Review: Southern African medicinal plants used as blood purifiers. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 249:112434. [PMID: 31812645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMALOGICAL RELEVANCE Blood purification practices, also referred to as blood cleansing or detoxification, is an ancient concept which is widespread amongst African traditional medicine, but for which no modern scientific basis exists. There prevails considerable ambiguity in defining what a blood purifier is. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this review is to firstly define what a blood purifier is in the context of African traditional medicine and compare to other cultural and westernized interpretations. Thereafter, this study identifies traditionally used medicinal plants used as blood purifiers in southern Africa and correlates these species to scientific studies, which may support evidence for these "blood purifying plant species". MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical books and review articles were used to identify medicinal plants used for blood purification. Databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google Scholar were used to source scientific articles. An evaluation was made to try correlate traditional use to scientific value of the plant species. RESULTS One hundred and fifty nine plant species have been documented as traditional remedies for blood purification. Most of the plant species have some pharmacological activity, however, very little link to the traditional use for blood purification. There has been some justification of the link between blood purification and the use as an antimicrobial and this has been explored in many of the plant species identified as blood purifiers. Other pharmacological studies specifically pertaining to the blood require further attention. CONCLUSION Irrespective of the ambiguity of interpretation, medicinal plants used to "cleanse the blood", play an important holistic role in traditional medicine and this review with recommendations for further study provides some value of exploring this theme in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
| | - L Frank
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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Santos-Hövener C, Kuntz B, Frank L, Koschollek C, Ellert U, Hölling H, Thamm R, Schienkiewitz A, Lampert T. The health situation of children and adolescents with migration background in Germany. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Although more than one third of minors living in Germany have a migration background (MB), valid data on the health of this population are still lacking. The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents in Germany (KiGGS wave 2, 2014-2017) provides population-based data to make reliable statements on the health of adolescents with and without MB.
Methods
Survey data from KiGGS wave 2 are used to describe the general health status, mental health and the prevalence of allergic diseases in 3-to 17-year-old children and adolescents (n = 13,568). To determine overweight, body height and weight are measured (n = 3,463). In addition to MB (without/one-sided/two-sided), the socio-economic status (SES) and the length of stay of the parents in Germany are taken into account.
Results
Children and adolescents with two-sided MB show a physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis (3.5%vs.6.9%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (1.5%vs.5.1%) less frequently than their peers without MB, but more often a moderate or poor general health status (6.1%vs.3.9%). Adolescents with two-sided MB are also more often affected by overweight than those without MB (22.1%vs.12.2%). If only participants with MB are considered, their health situation is often associated with the SES and partly also with the length of stay of the parents.
Discussion
Health differences between children and adolescents with and without MB vary by the observed indicator. The heterogeneity of children and adolescents with MB, which can be partly determined by the SES or the length of stay of the parents, should be considered in target-group-specific interventions.
Main messages
The vast majority of children and adolescents in Germany grow up healthy and a MB is not per se associated with a poorer health status. Our results suggest that considering MB as the sole determinant of health to reflect the impact of migration on health is insufficient.
Key messages
Migration background is not per se associated with a poorer health status. Socioeconomic status and parents’ length of stay are derminants associated with poorer health outcomes among children and adolescents with migration background.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Santos-Hövener
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Kuntz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Frank
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Koschollek
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Ellert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Thamm
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Schienkiewitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Lampert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Burke R, Frank L, Sun F, Golden A, O’Hare A, Fabiny A. INSIGHTS FROM THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH: FELLOW EXPERIENCES IN FEDERAL AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Burke
- Denver VA Medical Center/University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - L Frank
- The Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Sun
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Golden
- University of Central Florida and Orlando VA, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - A Fabiny
- San Francisco VA, San Francisco, CA, USA
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18
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Wengler A, Frank L, Lampert T, Santos-Hövener C. Die Definition des Migrationshintergrunds im Rahmen des Gesundheitsmonitorings des Robert Koch-Instituts. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L Frank
- Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin
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19
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Frank L, Yesil-Jürgens R, Santos-Hövener C, Lampert T. Maßnahmen zur Einbindung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund in die KiGGS Welle 2. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Frank
- Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin
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20
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Frank L, Ide K, Beaton C. Using CR-POSSUM to plan HDU admissions for high-risk patients undergoing colonic resections. Int J Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vohra RS, Pasquali S, Kirkham AJ, Marriott P, Johnstone M, Spreadborough P, Alderson D, Griffiths EA, Fenwick S, Elmasry M, Nunes Q, Kennedy D, Basit Khan R, Khan MAS, Magee CJ, Jones SM, Mason D, Parappally CP, Mathur P, Saunders M, Jamel S, Ul Haque S, Zafar S, Shiwani MH, Samuel N, Dar F, Jackson A, Lovett B, Dindyal S, Winter H, Fletcher T, Rahman S, Wheatley K, Nieto T, Ayaani S, Youssef H, Nijjar RS, Watkin H, Naumann D, Emeshi S, Sarmah PB, Lee K, Joji N, Heath J, Teasdale RL, Weerasinghe C, Needham PJ, Welbourn H, Forster L, Finch D, Blazeby JM, Robb W, McNair AGK, Hrycaiczuk A, Charalabopoulos A, Kadirkamanathan S, Tang CB, Jayanthi NVG, Noor N, Dobbins B, Cockbain AJ, Nilsen-Nunn A, Siqueira J, Pellen M, Cowley JB, Ho WM, Miu V, White TJ, Hodgkins KA, Kinghorn A, Tutton MG, Al-Abed YA, Menzies D, Ahmad A, Reed J, Khan S, Monk D, Vitone LJ, Murtaza G, Joel A, Brennan S, Shier D, Zhang C, Yoganathan T, Robinson SJ, McCallum IJD, Jones MJ, Elsayed M, Tuck L, Wayman J, Carney K, Aroori S, Hosie KB, Kimble A, Bunting DM, Fawole AS, Basheer M, Dave RV, Sarveswaran J, Jones E, Kendal C, Tilston MP, Gough M, Wallace T, Singh S, Downing J, Mockford KA, Issa E, Shah N, Chauhan N, Wilson TR, Forouzanfar A, Wild JRL, Nofal E, Bunnell C, Madbak K, Rao STV, Devoto L, Siddiqi N, Khawaja Z, Hewes JC, Gould L, Chambers A, Urriza Rodriguez D, Sen G, Robinson S, Carney K, Bartlett F, Rae DM, Stevenson TEJ, Sarvananthan K, Dwerryhouse SJ, Higgs SM, Old OJ, Hardy TJ, Shah R, Hornby ST, Keogh K, Frank L, Al-Akash M, Upchurch EA, Frame RJ, Hughes M, Jelley C, Weaver S, Roy S, Sillo TO, Galanopoulos G, Cuming T, Cunha P, Tayeh S, Kaptanis S, Heshaishi M, Eisawi A, Abayomi M, Ngu WS, Fleming K, Singh Bajwa D, Chitre V, Aryal K, Ferris P, Silva M, Lammy S, Mohamed S, Khawaja A, Hussain A, Ghazanfar MA, Bellini MI, Ebdewi H, Elshaer M, Gravante G, Drake B, Ogedegbe A, Mukherjee D, Arhi C, Giwa Nusrat Iqbal L, Watson NF, Kumar Aggarwal S, Orchard P, Villatoro E, Willson PD, Wa K, Mok J, Woodman T, Deguara J, Garcea G, Babu BI, Dennison AR, Malde D, Lloyd D, Satheesan S, Al-Taan O, Boddy A, Slavin JP, Jones RP, Ballance L, Gerakopoulos S, Jambulingam P, Mansour S, Sakai N, Acharya V, Sadat MM, Karim L, Larkin D, Amin K, Khan A, Law J, Jamdar S, Smith SR, Sampat K, M O'shea K, Manu M, Asprou FM, Malik NS, Chang J, Johnstone M, Lewis M, Roberts GP, Karavadra B, Photi E, Hewes J, Gould L, Chambers A, Rodriguez D, O'Reilly DA, Rate AJ, Sekhar H, Henderson LT, Starmer BZ, Coe PO, Tolofari S, Barrie J, Bashir G, Sloane J, Madanipour S, Halkias C, Trevatt AEJ, Borowski DW, Hornsby J, Courtney MJ, Virupaksha S, Seymour K, Robinson S, Hawkins H, Bawa S, Gallagher PV, Reid A, Wood P, Finch JG, Parmar J, Stirland E, Gardner-Thorpe J, Al-Muhktar A, Peterson M, Majeed A, Bajwa FM, Martin J, Choy A, Tsang A, Pore N, Andrew DR, Al-Khyatt W, Taylor C, Bhandari S, Chambers A, Subramanium D, Toh SKC, Carter NC, Mercer SJ, Knight B, Tate S, Pearce B, Wainwright D, Vijay V, Alagaratnam S, Sinha S, Khan S, El-Hasani SS, Hussain AA, Bhattacharya V, Kansal N, Fasih T, Jackson C, Siddiqui MN, Chishti IA, Fordham IJ, Siddiqui Z, Bausbacher H, Geogloma I, Gurung K, Tsavellas G, Basynat P, Kiran Shrestha A, Basu S, Chhabra Mohan Harilingam A, Rabie M, Akhtar M, Kumar P, Jafferbhoy SF, Hussain N, Raza S, Haque M, Alam I, Aseem R, Patel S, Asad M, Booth MI, Ball WR, Wood CPJ, Pinho-Gomes AC, Kausar A, Rami Obeidallah M, Varghase J, Lodhia J, Bradley D, Rengifo C, Lindsay D, Gopalswamy S, Finlay I, Wardle S, Bullen N, Iftikhar SY, Awan A, Ahmed J, Leeder P, Fusai G, Bond-Smith G, Psica A, Puri Y, Hou D, Noble F, Szentpali K, Broadhurst J, Date R, Hossack MR, Li Goh Y, Turner P, Shetty V, Riera M, Macano CAW, Sukha A, Preston SR, Hoban JR, Puntis DJ, Williams SV, Krysztopik R, Kynaston J, Batt J, Doe M, Goscimski A, Jones GH, Smith SR, Hall C, Carty N, Ahmed J, Panteleimonitis S, Gunasekera RT, Sheel ARG, Lennon H, Hindley C, Reddy M, Kenny R, Elkheir N, McGlone ER, Rajaganeshan R, Hancorn K, Hargreaves A, Prasad R, Longbotham DA, Vijayanand D, Wijetunga I, Ziprin P, Nicolay CR, Yeldham G, Read E, Gossage JA, Rolph RC, Ebied H, Phull M, Khan MA, Popplewell M, Kyriakidis D, Hussain A, Henley N, Packer JR, Derbyshire L, Porter J, Appleton S, Farouk M, Basra M, Jennings NA, Ali S, Kanakala V, Ali H, Lane R, Dickson-Lowe R, Zarsadias P, Mirza D, Puig S, Al Amari K, Vijayan D, Sutcliffe R, Marudanayagam R, Hamady Z, Prasad AR, Patel A, Durkin D, Kaur P, Bowen L, Byrne JP, Pearson KL, Delisle TG, Davies J, Tomlinson MA, Johnpulle MA, Slawinski C, Macdonald A, Nicholson J, Newton K, Mbuvi J, Farooq A, Sidhartha Mothe B, Zafrani Z, Brett D, Francombe J, Spreadborough P, Barnes J, Cheung M, Al-Bahrani AZ, Preziosi G, Urbonas T, Alberts J, Mallik M, Patel K, Segaran A, Doulias T, Sufi PA, Yao C, Pollock S, Manzelli A, Wajed S, Kourkulos M, Pezzuto R, Wadley M, Hamilton E, Jaunoo S, Padwick R, Sayegh M, Newton RC, Hebbar M, Farag SF, Spearman J, Hamdan MF, D'Costa C, Blane C, Giles M, Peter MB, Hirst NA, Hossain T, Pannu A, El-Dhuwaib Y, Morrison TEM, Taylor GW, Thompson RLE, McCune K, Loughlin P, Lawther R, Byrnes CK, Simpson DJ, Mawhinney A, Warren C, McKay D, McIlmunn C, Martin S, MacArtney M, Diamond T, Davey P, Jones C, Clements JM, Digney R, Chan WM, McCain S, Gull S, Janeczko A, Dorrian E, Harris A, Dawson S, Johnston D, McAree B, Ghareeb E, Thomas G, Connelly M, McKenzie S, Cieplucha K, Spence G, Campbell W, Hooks G, Bradley N, Hill ADK, Cassidy JT, Boland M, Burke P, Nally DM, Hill ADK, Khogali E, Shabo W, Iskandar E, McEntee GP, O'Neill MA, Peirce C, Lyons EM, O'Sullivan AW, Thakkar R, Carroll P, Ivanovski I, Balfe P, Lee M, Winter DC, Kelly ME, Hoti E, Maguire D, Karunakaran P, Geoghegan JG, Martin ST, McDermott F, Cross KS, Cooke F, Zeeshan S, Murphy JO, Mealy K, Mohan HM, Nedujchelyn Y, Fahad Ullah M, Ahmed I, Giovinazzo F, Milburn J, Prince S, Brooke E, Buchan J, Khalil AM, Vaughan EM, Ramage MI, Aldridge RC, Gibson S, Nicholson GA, Vass DG, Grant AJ, Holroyd DJ, Jones MA, Sutton CMLR, O'Dwyer P, Nilsson F, Weber B, Williamson TK, Lalla K, Bryant A, Carter CR, Forrest CR, Hunter DI, Nassar AH, Orizu MN, Knight K, Qandeel H, Suttie S, Belding R, McClarey A, Boyd AT, Guthrie GJK, Lim PJ, Luhmann A, Watson AJM, Richards CH, Nicol L, Madurska M, Harrison E, Boyce KM, Roebuck A, Ferguson G, Pati P, Wilson MSJ, Dalgaty F, Fothergill L, Driscoll PJ, Mozolowski KL, Banwell V, Bennett SP, Rogers PN, Skelly BL, Rutherford CL, Mirza AK, Lazim T, Lim HCC, Duke D, Ahmed T, Beasley WD, Wilkinson MD, Maharaj G, Malcolm C, Brown TH, Shingler GM, Mowbray N, Radwan R, Morcous P, Wood S, Kadhim A, Stewart DJ, Baker AL, Tanner N, Shenoy H, Hafiz S, Marchi JA, Singh-Ranger D, Hisham E, Ainley P, O'Neill S, Terrace J, Napetti S, Hopwood B, Rhys T, Downing J, Kanavati O, Coats M, Aleksandrov D, Kallaway C, Yahya S, Weber B, Templeton A, Trotter M, Lo C, Dhillon A, Heywood N, Aawsaj Y, Hamdan A, Reece-Bolton O, McGuigan A, Shahin Y, Ali A, Luther A, Nicholson JA, Rajendran I, Boal M, Ritchie J. Population-based cohort study of variation in the use of emergency cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases. Br J Surg 2016; 103:1716-1726. [PMID: 27748962 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aims of this prospective population-based cohort study were to identify the patient and hospital characteristics associated with emergency cholecystectomy, and the influences of these in determining variations between hospitals.
Methods
Data were collected for consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing the performance of emergency cholecystectomy were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two-level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2).
Results
Data were collected on 4744 cholecystectomies from 165 hospitals. Increasing age, lower ASA fitness grade, biliary colic, the need for further imaging (magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), endoscopic interventions (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) and admission to a non-biliary centre significantly reduced the likelihood of an emergency cholecystectomy being performed. The multilevel model was used to calculate the probability of receiving an emergency cholecystectomy for a woman aged 40 years or over with an ASA grade of I or II and a BMI of at least 25·0 kg/m2, who presented with acute cholecystitis with an ultrasound scan showing a thick-walled gallbladder and a normal common bile duct. The mean predicted probability of receiving an emergency cholecystectomy was 0·52 (95 per cent c.i. 0·45 to 0·57). The predicted probabilities ranged from 0·02 to 0·95 across the 165 hospitals, demonstrating significant variation between hospitals.
Conclusion
Patients with similar characteristics presenting to different hospitals with acute gallbladder pathology do not receive comparable care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R S Vohra
- Trent Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Pasquali
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - A J Kirkham
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Marriott
- West Midlands Research Collaborative, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Johnstone
- West Midlands Research Collaborative, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Spreadborough
- West Midlands Research Collaborative, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Alderson
- Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - E A Griffiths
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Fenwick
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Elmasry
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Q Nunes
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Kennedy
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - D Mason
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital
| | | | | | | | - S Jamel
- Barnet and Chase Farm Hospital
| | | | - S Zafar
- Barnet and Chase Farm Hospital
| | | | - N Samuel
- Barnsley District General Hospital
| | - F Dar
- Barnsley District General Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Wheatley
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - T Nieto
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - S Ayaani
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - H Youssef
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | | | - H Watkin
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - D Naumann
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - S Emeshi
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | | | - K Lee
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - N Joji
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - J Heath
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R L Teasdale
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - P J Needham
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - H Welbourn
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - L Forster
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Finch
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - W Robb
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B Dobbins
- Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - M Pellen
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust
| | | | - W-M Ho
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust
| | - V Miu
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust
| | - T J White
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K A Hodgkins
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Kinghorn
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M G Tutton
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Y A Al-Abed
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Menzies
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Ahmad
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Reed
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Khan
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Monk
- Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - L J Vitone
- Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Murtaza
- Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Joel
- Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - D Shier
- Croydon Health Services NHS Trust
| | - C Zhang
- Croydon Health Services NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - M J Jones
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - M Elsayed
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - L Tuck
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - J Wayman
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - K Carney
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M P Tilston
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Gough
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T Wallace
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Singh
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Downing
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K A Mockford
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - E Issa
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Shah
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Chauhan
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T R Wilson
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Forouzanfar
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J R L Wild
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - E Nofal
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - C Bunnell
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Madbak
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S T V Rao
- Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - L Devoto
- Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Siddiqi
- Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Z Khawaja
- Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D M Rae
- Frimley Park Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - O J Old
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - R Shah
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - K Keogh
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - L Frank
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - M Al-Akash
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - R J Frame
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Hughes
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust
| | - C Jelley
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - T Cuming
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust
| | - P Cunha
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust
| | - S Tayeh
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | | | - A Eisawi
- Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - W S Ngu
- Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - V Chitre
- Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Aryal
- Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Ferris
- Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H Ebdewi
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Elshaer
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Gravante
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - B Drake
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Ogedegbe
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - D Mukherjee
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - C Arhi
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Wa
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Mok
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T Woodman
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Deguara
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Garcea
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - B I Babu
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | | | - D Malde
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - D Lloyd
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | | | - O Al-Taan
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - A Boddy
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - J P Slavin
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R P Jones
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - L Ballance
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Gerakopoulos
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Jambulingam
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Mansour
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Sakai
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - V Acharya
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M M Sadat
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - L Karim
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - D Larkin
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - K Amin
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - A Khan
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Law
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Jamdar
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S R Smith
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Sampat
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - M Manu
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - N S Malik
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - J Chang
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - M Lewis
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G P Roberts
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - B Karavadra
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - E Photi
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Hornsby
- North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - K Seymour
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Robinson
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - H Hawkins
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Bawa
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - A Reid
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
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- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
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- Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust
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- Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust
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- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Majeed
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Peterborough City Hospital
| | | | - N Pore
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust
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- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust
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- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust
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- The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
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- The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
| | - S Khan
- The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | - A A Hussain
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
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- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - C Jackson
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
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- Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Trust
| | - G Tsavellas
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Basynat
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - S Basu
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - M Rabie
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Akhtar
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Kumar
- Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Haque
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - I Alam
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - R Aseem
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - S Patel
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - M Asad
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - M I Booth
- Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | - W R Ball
- Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
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- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Bradley
- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Royal Derby NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Ahmed
- Royal Derby NHS Foundation Trust
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- Royal Derby NHS Foundation Trust
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- Hampshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - F Noble
- Hampshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M R Hossack
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Y Li Goh
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Turner
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - V Shetty
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J R Hoban
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D J Puntis
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S V Williams
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust
| | - M Doe
- Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust
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- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Carty
- Salisbury Hospital Foundation Trust
| | - J Ahmed
- Salisbury Hospital Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | - H Lennon
- Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust
| | - C Hindley
- Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust
| | - M Reddy
- St George's Healthcare NHS Trust
| | - R Kenny
- St George's Healthcare NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - K Hancorn
- St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - A Hargreaves
- St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
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- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | | | - G Yeldham
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | - E Read
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - M A Khan
- Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust
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- Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S Ali
- City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust
| | - V Kanakala
- City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust
| | - H Ali
- Tunbridge Wells and Maidstone NHS Trust
| | - R Lane
- Tunbridge Wells and Maidstone NHS Trust
| | | | | | - D Mirza
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Puig
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Al Amari
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Vijayan
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R Sutcliffe
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - Z Hamady
- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
| | - A R Prasad
- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
| | - A Patel
- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
| | - D Durkin
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust
| | - P Kaur
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust
| | - L Bowen
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust
| | - J P Byrne
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K L Pearson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T G Delisle
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Davies
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | - A Macdonald
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Nicholson
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Newton
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Mbuvi
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Farooq
- Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - Z Zafrani
- Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - D Brett
- Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | - J Barnes
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Cheung
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Wadley
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - E Hamilton
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - S Jaunoo
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - R Padwick
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - M Sayegh
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R C Newton
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Hebbar
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S F Farag
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | - C Blane
- Yeovil District Hospital NHS Trust
| | - M Giles
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M B Peter
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N A Hirst
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T Hossain
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Pannu
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - G W Taylor
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T Diamond
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - P Davey
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - C Jones
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - J M Clements
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - R Digney
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - W M Chan
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - S McCain
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - S Gull
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - A Janeczko
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - E Dorrian
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - A Harris
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - S Dawson
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - D Johnston
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - B McAree
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- University Hospital Limerick
| | | | - A D K Hill
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | - E Khogali
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | - W Shabo
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | - E Iskandar
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P Balfe
- St Luke's General Hospital Kilkenny
| | - M Lee
- St Luke's General Hospital Kilkenny
| | - D C Winter
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - M E Kelly
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - E Hoti
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - D Maguire
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - P Karunakaran
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - J G Geoghegan
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - S T Martin
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - F McDermott
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S Gibson
- Crosshouse Hospital, Ayrshire and Arran
| | | | - D G Vass
- Crosshouse Hospital, Ayrshire and Arran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H C C Lim
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - D Duke
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - T Ahmed
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - W D Beasley
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | | | - G Maharaj
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - C Malcolm
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | | | | | | | - R Radwan
- Morriston and Singleton Hospitals
| | | | - S Wood
- Princess of Wales Hospital
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22
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Rall KK, Frank L, Riess O, Wallwiener D, Brucker SY. Einzelbasen-Polymorphismen im Östrogenrezeptor-α als Hinweis auf eine mögliche Fehlfunktion des Rezeptors und Ursache für das Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser-Syndrom (MRKHS). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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23
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Eichenbaum H, Amaral DG, Buffalo EA, Buzsáki G, Cohen N, Davachi L, Frank L, Heckers S, Morris RGM, Moser EI, Nadel L, O'Keefe J, Preston A, Ranganath C, Silva A, Witter M. Hippocampus at 25. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1238-49. [PMID: 27399159 PMCID: PMC5367855 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The journal Hippocampus has passed the milestone of 25 years of publications on the topic of a highly studied brain structure, and its closely associated brain areas. In a recent celebration of this event, a Boston memory group invited 16 speakers to address the question of progress in understanding the hippocampus that has been achieved. Here we present a summary of these talks organized as progress on four main themes: (1) Understanding the hippocampus in terms of its interactions with multiple cortical areas within the medial temporal lobe memory system, (2) understanding the relationship between memory and spatial information processing functions of the hippocampal region, (3) understanding the role of temporal organization in spatial and memory processing by the hippocampus, and (4) understanding how the hippocampus integrates related events into networks of memories. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Eichenbaum
- Center for Memory and Brain and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA.
| | - David G Amaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and UC Davis Mind Institute, Davis, CA
| | - Elizabeth A Buffalo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Deparment of Neuroscience and Physiology and NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Medical School, New York, NY
| | - Neal Cohen
- Psychology Department and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, New York Institute, New York, NY
| | - Loren Frank
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Richard G M Morris
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems,The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edvard I Moser
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lynn Nadel
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - John O'Keefe
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
| | - Alison Preston
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and UC Davis Mind Institute, Davis, CA
| | - Alcino Silva
- Department of Psychology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Menno Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Eichenbaum H, Amaral DG, Buffalo EA, Buzsáki G, Cohen N, Davachi L, Frank L, Heckers S, Morris RGM, Moser EI, Nadel L, O'Keefe J, Preston A, Ranganath C, Silva A, Witter M. Cover Image, Volume 26, Issue 10. Hippocampus 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard Eichenbaum
- Center for Memory and Brain and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University; Boston MA
| | - David G. Amaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and UC Davis Mind Institute; Davis CA
| | | | - György Buzsáki
- Deparment of Neuroscience and Physiology and NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Medical School; New York NY
| | - Neal Cohen
- Psychology Department and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Champaign IL
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, New York Institute, New York, NY
| | - Loren Frank
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN
| | - Richard G. M. Morris
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems,The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Edvard I. Moser
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Lynn Nadel
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona; Tucson AZ
| | - John O'Keefe
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
| | - Alison Preston
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and UC Davis Mind Institute; Davis CA
| | - Alcino Silva
- Department of Psychology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Menno Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
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25
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Kuntz B, Frank L, Manz K, Rommel A, Lampert T. Soziale Determinanten der Schwimmfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Ergebnisse aus KiGGS Welle 1. Dtsch Z Sportmed 2016. [DOI: 10.5960/dzsm.2016.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Tooker A, Liu D, Anderson EB, Felix S, Shah KG, Lee KY, Chung JE, Pannu S, Frank L, Tolosa V. Towards a large-scale recording system: demonstration of polymer-based penetrating array for chronic neural recording. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2014:6830-3. [PMID: 25571565 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6945197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a massively interconnected network of specialized circuits. Even primary sensory areas, once thought to support relatively simple, feed-forward processing, are now known to be parts of complex feedback circuits. All brain functions depend on millisecond timescale interactions across these brain networks. Current approaches cannot measure or manipulate such large-scale interactions. Here we demonstrate that polymer-based, penetrating, micro-electrode arrays can provide high quality neural recordings from awake, behaving animals over periods of months. Our results indicate that polymer electrodes are a viable substrate for the development of systems that can record from thousands of channels across months to years. This is our first step towards developing a 1000+ electrode system capable of providing high-quality, long-term neural recordings.
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27
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Divito D, Bondin M, Kirschner SK, Stojanovska J, Ibrahim E, Frank L. Chemotherapy induced cardiomyopathy: an overview, imaging features, and future prospective. Cancer Imaging 2015. [PMCID: PMC4601765 DOI: 10.1186/1470-7330-15-s1-p21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Frank L, Mann S, Johnson J, Levine C, Downey R, Griffits C, Wakshlag J. Plasma chemistry before and after two consecutive days of racing in sled dogs: associations between muscle damage and electrolyte status. Comparative Exercise Physiology 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/cep150020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exercising long distance endurance sled dogs display plasma biochemistry changes characterised by elevations in creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hypoproteinemia, hypoglobulinemia and decreases in sodium and potassium. The aim of this study was to compare resting to day 2 racing plasma biochemistry and associations between electrolytes and markers of muscle damage in well-conditioned sled dogs during a stage-stop race. Blood samples were obtained from 23 dogs prior to the start and on day 2, immediately after racing. Results showed significant decreases in potassium (day 0 – 4.7±0.3 and day 2 – 4.2±0.3 mEq/l), total protein (day 0 – 6.0±0.3 and day 2 – 5.5±0.4 g/dl) and albumin concentrations (day 0 – 3.9±0.2 and day 2 – 3.6±0.3 g/dl). Increases in AST (day 0 – 24±7 and day 2 – 137±97 U/l) and CK activities (day 0 – 129±39 and day 2 – 2,047±2,021 U/l) were also observed. Plasma sodium concentrations were not significantly different after day 2 of racing (day 0 – 153±5.2 and day 2 – 151±4.1). Alterations in plasma electrolytes, and increases in AST, CK, alanine aminotransferase and urea nitrogen were similar to those observed in long distance endurance sled dogs. A strong negative association was observed between plasma potassium and increases in plasma CK activity on day 2 (R2=0.69). The maintenance of sodium concentrations with a concurrent potassium decline, suggests sodium conservation via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway as previously shown in endurance sled dogs. The negative correlation between muscle damage and plasma potassium warrants further investigation regarding its relationship to rhabdomyolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Frank
- Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, 880 Canal Street, Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - S. Mann
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J. Johnson
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - C. Levine
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - R. Downey
- Annamaet Petfood, 41 Daniels Road, Sellersville, PA 18960, USA
| | - C. Griffits
- Traveling Vet, 7640 W 1st St, Loveland, CO 80537, USA
| | - J. Wakshlag
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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29
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Anderson EB, Grossrubatscher I, Frank L. Dynamic Hippocampal Circuits Support Learning- and Memory-Guided Behaviors. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2015; 79:51-8. [PMID: 25922478 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2014.79.024760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to learn spatial relationships and to modify stored representations when the world changes is essential for survival. In recent years, our understanding of the neural activity that underlie these learning and memory processes has improved considerably, in large part to an increase in the number of studies that use electrophysiological recordings as animals learn about their environments. In this review, we summarize some key findings from our laboratory, with a focus on recent discoveries that indicate that the rat hippocampus supports learning and decision-making behaviors via dynamic and smooth transitions in neural representation, internal processing state, and coupling with related brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Anderson
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Irene Grossrubatscher
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Loren Frank
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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30
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Frank L, Nebesářová J, Vancová M, Paták A, Müllerová I. Imaging of tissue sections with very slow electrons. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 148:146-150. [PMID: 25461591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The examination of thin sections of tissues with electron microscopes is an indispensable tool. Being composed of light elements, samples of living matter illuminated with electrons at the usual high energies of tens or even hundreds of kiloelectronvolts provide very low image contrasts in transmission or scanning transmission electron microscopes. Therefore, heavy metal salts are added to the specimen during preparation procedures (post-fixation with osmium tetroxide or staining). However, these procedures can modify or obscure the ultrastructural details of cells. Here we show that the energy of electrons used for the scanned transmission imaging of tissue sections can be reduced to mere hundreds or even tens of electronvolts and can produce extremely high contrast even for samples free of any metal salts. We found that when biasing a sufficiently thin tissue section sample to a high negative potential in a scanning transmission electron microscope, thereby reducing the energy of the electrons landing on the sample, and collecting the transmitted electrons with a grounded detector, we obtain a high contrast revealing structure details not enhanced by heavy atoms. Moreover, bombardment with slow electrons sensitively depolymerises the resin in which the tissue is embedded, thereby enhancing the transmitted signal with no observable loss of structure details. The use of low-energy electrons requires ultrathin sections of a thickness of less than 10nm, but their preparation is now possible. Ultralow energy STEM provides a tool enabling the observation of very thin biological samples without any staining. This method should also be advantageous for examination of 2D crystals, thin films of polymers, polymer blends, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frank
- Institute of Scientific Instruments AS CR, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - J Nebesářová
- Biology Centre AS CR, v.v.i., Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - M Vancová
- Biology Centre AS CR, v.v.i., Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - A Paták
- Institute of Scientific Instruments AS CR, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Müllerová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments AS CR, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
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31
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Harding C, Frank L, Van Someren V, Hilari K, Botting N. How does non-nutritive sucking support infant feeding? Infant Behav Dev 2014; 37:457-64. [PMID: 24974134 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fifty nine premature infants participated in a randomized controlled study to determine the effectiveness of non-nutritive sucking (NNS). It was predicted that NNS would not accelerate the development of full oral feeding or early language skills as sometimes perceived in practice. However, it was predicted that using NNS as a strategy to support parents to identify and respond to early communication and oral readiness signs would increase confidence in infant management and enable quicker discharge home. Infants were aged 26-35 weeks gestation. Infants with no significant difficulties were randomly assigned to one of three groups; Group 1, NNS pre-tube feeding (n=19); Group 2, NNS on onset of tube feeding (n=20) and Group 3, Control (n=20). Follow-up occurred at 6 months. There were no significant differences with number of days to full oral feeding between the groups receiving NNS and the Control group, χ2(2, n=59)=4.33, p=.115. A significant difference in number of days in hospital between the Control group and the other two groups was found χ2 (2, n=59)=7.678, p=.022. Significant changes were noted with the development of more normal sucking patterns in Groups 1-3. At 6 months there were no significant differences in receptive or expressive language skills between all groups. NNS had no significant impact on the transition to full oral feeding or later language development. There was a significant difference in the number of days in hospital between the Control group and the other two groups which involved parents in identification of early communication signs. Possible reasons for this change and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Harding
- Division of L.C.S., City University London, United Kingdom; The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
| | - L Frank
- The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - V Van Someren
- The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - K Hilari
- Division of L.C.S., City University London, United Kingdom
| | - N Botting
- Division of L.C.S., City University London, United Kingdom
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Mikmeková E, Bouyanfif H, Lejeune M, Müllerová I, Hovorka M, Unčovský M, Frank L. Very low energy electron microscopy of graphene flakes. J Microsc 2013; 251:123-7. [PMID: 23691920 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available graphene samples are examined by Raman spectroscopy and very low energy scanning transmission electron microscopy. Limited lateral resolution of Raman spectroscopy may produce a Raman spectrum corresponding to a single graphene layer even for flakes that can be identified by very low energy electron microscopy as an aggregate of smaller flakes of various thicknesses. In addition to diagnostics of graphene samples at larger dimensions, their electron transmittance can also be measured at very low energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mikmeková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments ASCR, v.v.i, Královopolská 147, 61264, Brno, Czech Republic
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Packer C, Loveridge A, Canney S, Caro T, Garnett S, Pfeifer M, Zander K, Swanson A, MacNulty D, Balme G, Bauer H, Begg C, Begg K, Bhalla S, Bissett C, Bodasing T, Brink H, Burger A, Burton A, Clegg B, Dell S, Delsink A, Dickerson T, Dloniak S, Druce D, Frank L, Funston P, Gichohi N, Groom R, Hanekom C, Heath B, Hunter L, DeIongh H, Joubert C, Kasiki S, Kissui B, Knocker W, Leathem B, Lindsey P, Maclennan S, McNutt J, Miller S, Naylor S, Nel P, Ng'weno C, Nicholls K, Ogutu J, Okot-Omoya E, Patterson B, Plumptre A, Salerno J, Skinner K, Slotow R, Sogbohossou E, Stratford K, Winterbach C, Winterbach H, Polasky S. Conserving large carnivores: dollars and fence. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:635-41. [PMID: 23461543 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Frank L, Ferreira J, Pellow J. The validity and reliability of iridology in the diagnosis of previous acute appendicitis as evi-denced by appendectomy. African Vision and Eye Health 2013. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v72i3.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridology is defined as a photographic science that identifies pathological and functional changes within organs via biomicroscopic iris assessment for aberrant lines, spots, and discolourations. According to iridology, the iris does not reflect changes during anaesthesia, due to the drugs inhibitory effects on nerves impulses, and in cases of organ removal, it reflects the pre-surgical condition.The profession of Homoeopathy is frequently associated with iridology and in a recent survey (2009) investigating the perceptions of Masters of Technology graduates in Homoeopathy of University of Johannesburg, iridology was highly regarded as a potential additional skill requirement for assessing the health status of the patient.This study investigated the reliability of iridology in the diagnosis of previous acute appendicitis, as evidenced by appendectomy. A total of 60 participants took part in the study. Thirty of the 60 participants had an appendectomy due to acute appendicitis, and 30 had had no prior history of appendicitis. Each participant’s right iris was documented by photography with the use of a non-mydriatic retinal camera that was reset for photographing the iris. The photographs were then randomized by an external person and no identifying data made available to the three raters. The raters included the researcher, who had little experience in iridology and two highly experienced practising iridologists. Data was obtained from the analyses of the photographs wherein the presence or absence of lesions (implying acute appendicitis) was indicated by the raters. None of the three raters was able to show a significant success rate in identifying correctly the people with a previous history of acute appendicitis and resultant appendectomies from those who had no previous history of acute appendicitis. Therefore the outcome of this study indicated an outcome that was subject to chance.The null hypothesis that states that appendectomy due to acute appendicitis does not manifest in corresponding lesions in the iris, is supported. It is in the opinion of the researchers that the association of iridology with homoeopathic practice may harm the credibility of the profession and that further research on iridology is needed to disprove this conviction. (S Afr Optom 2013 72(3) 127-132)
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Carlson J, Frank L, Sallis J, Conway T, Cain K, Saelens B. Contribution of perceived built environment attributes around the worksite to active transportation and physical activity. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cain K, Millstein R, Sallis J, Conway T, Geremia C, Frank L, Saelens B, King A. Validity of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS). J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Frank L, Ulmer J, Kavage S, Grant D. Creating an evidence based planning tool to predict physical activity and obesity impacts of community design alternatives. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ding D, Sallis J, Conway T, Frank L, Saelens B, Cain K, King A. Neighbourhood environment and physical activity among older adults: Does the relationship differ by driving status? J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Parks GK, Fitzenreiter R, Ogilvie KW, Huang C, Anderson KA, Dandouras J, Frank L, Lin RP, McCarthy M, Rème H, Sauvaud JA, Werden S. Low-energy particle layer outside of the plasma sheet boundary. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91ja02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dabaghian Y, Mémoli F, Frank L, Carlsson G. A topological paradigm for hippocampal spatial map formation using persistent homology. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002581. [PMID: 22912564 PMCID: PMC3415417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An animal's ability to navigate through space rests on its ability to create a mental map of its environment. The hippocampus is the brain region centrally responsible for such maps, and it has been assumed to encode geometric information (distances, angles). Given, however, that hippocampal output consists of patterns of spiking across many neurons, and downstream regions must be able to translate those patterns into accurate information about an animal's spatial environment, we hypothesized that 1) the temporal pattern of neuronal firing, particularly co-firing, is key to decoding spatial information, and 2) since co-firing implies spatial overlap of place fields, a map encoded by co-firing will be based on connectivity and adjacency, i.e., it will be a topological map. Here we test this topological hypothesis with a simple model of hippocampal activity, varying three parameters (firing rate, place field size, and number of neurons) in computer simulations of rat trajectories in three topologically and geometrically distinct test environments. Using a computational algorithm based on recently developed tools from Persistent Homology theory in the field of algebraic topology, we find that the patterns of neuronal co-firing can, in fact, convey topological information about the environment in a biologically realistic length of time. Furthermore, our simulations reveal a "learning region" that highlights the interplay between the parameters in combining to produce hippocampal states that are more or less adept at map formation. For example, within the learning region a lower number of neurons firing can be compensated by adjustments in firing rate or place field size, but beyond a certain point map formation begins to fail. We propose that this learning region provides a coherent theoretical lens through which to view conditions that impair spatial learning by altering place cell firing rates or spatial specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dabaghian
- Jan & Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
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Seinfeld S, Pellock J, Shinnar S, Hesdorffer D, Shinnar R, O'Hara K, Nordli D, Frank L, Gallentine W, Moshe S, Deng X, Sun S. Recognition and Treatment of Prolonged Febrile Seizures; Results from the FEBSTAT Study (S46.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s46.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Seinfeld S, Pellock J, Shinnar S, Hesdorffer D, Shinnar R, O'Hara K, Nordli D, Frank L, Gallentine W, Moshe S, Deng X, Sun S. Recognition and Treatment of Prolonged Febrile Seizures; Results from the FEBSTAT Study (IN5-2.005). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in5-2.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Yerebakan C, Nath DS, Sinha P, Duebener L, He D, Hibino N, Frank L, Jonas RA. Surgical treatment of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction after tetralogy of fallot {S,D,I} repair. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Funston PJ, Frank L, Stephens T, Davidson Z, Loveridge A, Macdonald DM, Durant S, Packer C, Mosser A, Ferreira SM. Substrate and species constraints on the use of track incidences to estimate African large carnivore abundance. J Zool (1987) 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Frank L, Kerr J, Saelens B, Sallis J, Glanz K, Chapman J. Food outlet visits, physical activity and body weight: variations by gender and race-ethnicity. Br J Sports Med 2008; 43:124-31. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.055533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Goodsitt M, Christodoulou E, Larson S, Kazerooni E, Bogot N, Frank L. TU-EE-A4-01: Bismuth Shields Vs. MAs Reduction for Decreased Radiation Dose to Breasts in CT Examinations. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Frank L, Klostermann U, Lang AW. 324 RECHARGEABLE SCS SYSTEMS WITH INDEPENDENT CURRENT CONTROL BENEFIT PATIENTS AND THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: CASE REPORTS. Eur J Pain 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.03.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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