451
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Dormitzer P, Tsai T, Del Giudice G. New technologies for influenza vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 8:45-58. [DOI: 10.4161/hv.8.1.18859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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452
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Levin C, Perrin H, Combadiere B. Tailored immunity by skin antigen-presenting cells. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 11:27-36. [PMID: 25483512 PMCID: PMC4514408 DOI: 10.4161/hv.34299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin vaccination aims at targeting epidermal and dermal antigen-presenting cells (APCs), indeed many subsets of different origin endowed with various functions populate the skin. The idea that the skin could represent a particularly potent site to induce adaptive and protective immune response emerged after the success of vaccinia virus vaccination by skin scarification. Recent advances have shown that multiple subsets of APCs coexist in the skin and participate in immunity to infectious diseases. Induction of an adaptive immune response depends on the initial recognition and capture of antigens by skin APCs and their transport to lymphoid organs. Innovative strategies of vaccination have thus been developed to target skin APCs for tailored immunity, hence this review will discuss recent insights into skin APC subsets characterization and how they can shape adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Levin
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC University Paris 06; UMR S CR7; Centre d’Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses; Paris, France
- INSERM U1135; Paris, France
| | - Helene Perrin
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC University Paris 06; UMR S CR7; Centre d’Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses; Paris, France
- INSERM U1135; Paris, France
| | - Behazine Combadiere
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC University Paris 06; UMR S CR7; Centre d’Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses; Paris, France
- INSERM U1135; Paris, France
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453
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Yan L, Zhang J, Lee CS, Chen X. Micro- and nanotechnologies for intracellular delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4487-504. [PMID: 25168360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of drugs and biomolecules need to be delivered into cells to be effective. However, the cell membranes, a biological barrier, strictly resist drugs or biomolecules entering cells, resulting in significantly reduced intracellular delivery efficiency. To overcome this barrier, a variety of intracellular delivery approaches including chemical and physical ways have been developed in recent years. In this review, the focus is on summarizing the nanomaterial routes involved in making use of a collection of receptors for the targeted delivery of drugs and biomolecules and the physical ways of applying micro- and nanotechnologies for high-throughput intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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454
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Wang Q, Yao G, Dong P, Gong Z, Li G, Zhang K, Wu C. Investigation on fabrication process of dissolving microneedle arrays to improve effective needle drug distribution. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 66:148-56. [PMID: 25446513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The dissolving microneedle array (DMNA) offers a novel potential approach for transdermal delivery of biological macromolecular drugs and vaccines, because it can be as efficient as hypodermic injection and as safe and patient compliant as conventional transdermal delivery. However, effective needle drug distribution is the main challenge for clinical application of DMNA. This study focused on the mechanism and control of drug diffusion inside DMNA during the fabrication process in order to improve the drug delivery efficiency. The needle drug loading proportion (NDP) in DMNAs was measured to determine the influences of drug concentration gradient, needle drying step, excipients, and solvent of the base solution on drug diffusion and distribution. The results showed that the evaporation of base solvent was the key factor determining NDP. Slow evaporation of water from the base led to gradual increase of viscosity, and an approximate drug concentration equilibrium was built between the needle and base portions, resulting in NDP as low as about 6%. When highly volatile ethanol was used as the base solvent, the viscosity in the base rose quickly, resulting in NDP more than 90%. Ethanol as base solvent did not impact the insertion capability of DMNAs, but greatly increased the in vitro drug release and transdermal delivery from DMNAs. Furthermore, the drug diffusion process during DMNA fabrication was thoroughly investigated for the first time, and the outcomes can be applied to most two-step molding processes and optimization of the DMNA fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Gangtao Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihua Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangzhou Neworld Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Kejian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; GuangDong Research Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Guangzhou, China.
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455
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Abstract
Foxp3⁺ regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical contributors to the establishment and maintenance of immunological self-tolerance. Autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the loss of self-tolerance to the insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas and the destruction of β cells, resulting in the development of chronic hyperglycemia at diagnosis. The application of strong agonistic T-cell receptor ligands provided under subimmunogenic conditions functions as a critical means for the efficient de novo conversion of naive CD4⁺ T cells into Foxp3⁺ Treg cells. The specific induction of Treg cells upon supply of strong-agonistic variants of certain self-antigens could therefore function as a critical instrument in order to achieve safe and specific prevention of autoimmunity such as T1D via the restoration of self-tolerance. Such immunotherapeutic strategies are being developed, and in the case of T1D aim to restrict autoimmunity and β-cell destruction. In this review, we discuss the requirements and opportunities for Treg-based tolerance approaches with the goal of interfering with autoimmune T1D.
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456
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Kim YC, Grossniklaus HE, Edelhauser HF, Prausnitz MR. Intrastromal delivery of bevacizumab using microneedles to treat corneal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:7376-86. [PMID: 25212779 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that highly targeted intrastromal delivery of bevacizumab using coated microneedles allows dramatic dose sparing compared with subconjunctival and topical delivery for treatment of corneal neovascularization. METHODS Stainless steel microneedles 400 μm in length were coated with bevacizumab. A silk suture was placed in the cornea approximately 1 mm from the limbus to induce corneal neovascularization in the eyes of New Zealand white rabbits that were divided into different groups: untreated, microneedle delivery, topical eye drop, and subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab. All drug treatments were initiated 4 days after suture placement and area of neovascularization was measured daily by digital photography for 18 days. RESULTS Eyes treated once with 4.4 μg bevacizumab using microneedles reduced neovascularization compared with untreated eyes by 44% (day 18). Eyes treated once with 2500 μg bevacizumab using subconjunctival injection gave similar results to microneedle-treated eyes. Eyes treated once with 4.4 μg subconjunctival bevacizumab showed no significant effect compared with untreated eyes. Eyes treated with 52,500 μg bevacizumab by eye drops three times per day for 14 days reduced the neovascularization area compared with untreated eyes by 6% (day 18), which was significantly less effective than the single microneedle treatment. Visual exam and histological analysis showed no observable effect of microneedle treatment on corneal transparency or microanatomical structure. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that microneedles can target drug delivery to corneal stroma in a minimally invasive way and demonstrates effective suppression of corneal neovascularization after suture-induced injury using a much lower dose compared with conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo C Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hans E Grossniklaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Henry F Edelhauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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457
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Brambilla D, Luciani P, Leroux JC. Breakthrough discoveries in drug delivery technologies: The next 30 years. J Control Release 2014; 190:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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458
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Yan L, Yang Y, Zhang W, Chen X. Advanced materials and nanotechnology for drug delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5533-5540. [PMID: 24449177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many biological barriers are of great importance. For example, stratum corneum, the outmost layer of skin, effectively protects people from being invaded by external microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. Cell membranes help organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling substances to enter and leave cells. However, on the other hand, these biological barriers seriously restrict drug delivery. For instance, stratum corneum has a very dense structure and only allows very small molecules with a molecular weight of below 500 Da to permeate whereas most drug molecules are much larger than that. A wide variety of drugs including genes needs to enter cells for proper functioning but cell membranes are not permeable to them. To overcome these biological barriers, many drug-delivery routes are being actively researched and developed. In this research news, we will focus on two advanced materials and nanotechnology approaches for delivering vaccines through the skin for painless and efficient immunization and transporting drug molecules to cross cell membranes for high-throughput intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
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459
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Pulit-Penaloza JA, Esser ES, Vassilieva EV, Lee JW, Taherbhai MT, Pollack BP, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW, Skountzou I. A protective role of murine langerin⁺ cells in immune responses to cutaneous vaccination with microneedle patches. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6094. [PMID: 25130187 PMCID: PMC4135340 DOI: 10.1038/srep06094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous vaccination with microneedle patches offers several advantages over more frequently used approaches for vaccine delivery, including improved protective immunity. However, the involvement of specific APC subsets and their contribution to the induction of immunity following cutaneous vaccine delivery is not well understood. A better understanding of the functions of individual APC subsets in the skin will allow us to target specific skin cell populations in order to further enhance vaccine efficacy. Here we use a Langerin-EGFP-DTR knock-in mouse model to determine the contribution of langerin+ subsets of skin APCs in the induction of adaptive immune responses following cutaneous microneedle delivery of influenza vaccine. Depletion of langerin+ cells prior to vaccination resulted in substantial impairment of both Th1 and Th2 responses, and decreased post-challenge survival rates, in mice vaccinated cutaneously but not in those vaccinated via the intramuscular route or in non-depleted control mice. Our results indicate that langerin+ cells contribute significantly to the induction of protective immune responses following cutaneous vaccination with a subunit influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Pulit-Penaloza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332
| | - Misha T Taherbhai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Brian P Pollack
- 1] Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033 [2] Department of Dermatology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
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460
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Chen X, Kositratna G, Zhou C, Manstein D, Wu MX. Micro-fractional epidermal powder delivery for improved skin vaccination. J Control Release 2014; 192:310-6. [PMID: 25135790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Skin vaccination has gained increasing attention in the last two decades due to its improved potency compared to intramuscular vaccination. Yet, the technical difficulty and frequent local reactions hamper its broad application in the clinic. In the current study, micro-fractional epidermal powder delivery (EPD) is developed to facilitate skin vaccination and minimize local adverse effects. EPD is based on ablative fractional laser or microneedle treatment of the skin to generate microchannel (MC) arrays in the epidermis followed by topical application of powder drug/vaccine-coated array patches to deliver drug/vaccine into the skin. The novel EPD delivered more than 80% sulforhodamine b (SRB) and model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) into murine, swine, and human skin within 1h. EPD of OVA induced anti-OVA antibody titer at a level comparable to intradermal (ID) injection and was much more efficient than tape stripping in both delivery efficiency and immune responses. Strikingly, the micro-fractional delivery significantly reduced local side effects of LPS/CpG adjuvant and BCG vaccine, leading to complete skin recovery. In contrast, ID injection induced severe local reactions that persisted for weeks. While reducing local reactogenicity, EPD of OVA/LPS/CpG and BCG vaccine generated a comparable humoral immune response to ID injection. EPD of vaccinia virus encoding OVA induced significantly higher and long-lasting interferon γ-secreting CD8+ T cells than ID injection. In conclusion, EPD represents a promising technology for needle-free, painless skin vaccination with reduced local reactogenicity and at least sustained immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Chen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Garuna Kositratna
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chang Zhou
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dieter Manstein
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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461
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Fabrication of carbon nanotube—polyimide composite hollow microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:879-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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462
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Abstract
Immune cell populations in the skin are predominantly comprised of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. A lack of consensus regarding how to define these cell types has hampered research in this area. In this Review, we focus on recent advances that, based on ontogeny and global gene-expression profiles, have succeeded in discriminating DCs from macrophages in the skin. We discuss how these studies have enabled researchers to revisit the origin, diversity and T cell-stimulatory properties of these cells, and have led to unifying principles that extend across tissues and species. By aligning the DC and macrophage subsets that are found in mouse skin with those that are present in human skin, these studies also provide crucial information for developing intradermal vaccines and for managing inflammatory skin conditions.
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463
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Quinn HL, Kearney MC, Courtenay AJ, McCrudden MTC, Donnelly RF. The role of microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1769-80. [PMID: 25020088 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.938635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transdermal drug delivery offers a number of advantages for the patient, not only due to its non-invasive and convenient nature, but also due to factors such as avoidance of first-pass metabolism and prevention of gastrointestinal degradation. It has been demonstrated that microneedles (MNs) can increase the number of compounds amenable to transdermal delivery by penetrating the skin's protective barrier, the stratum corneum, and creating a pathway for drug permeation to the dermal tissue below. AREAS COVERED MNs have been extensively investigated for drug and vaccine delivery. The different types of MN arrays and their delivery capabilities are discussed in terms of drugs, including biopharmaceutics and vaccines. Patient usage and effects on the skin are also considered. EXPERT OPINION MN research and development is now at the stage where commercialisation is a viable possibility. There are a number of long-term safety questions relating to patient usage which will need to be addressed moving forward. Regulatory guidance is awaited to direct the scale-up of the manufacturing process alongside provision of clearer patient instruction for safe and effective use of MN devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Quinn
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Pharmacy , 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL , UK
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464
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Nafziger AN, Pratt DS. Seasonal influenza vaccination and technologies. J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 54:719-31. [PMID: 24691877 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is a serious respiratory illness that causes annual worldwide epidemics resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Influenza pandemics occur about every 40 yrs, and may carry a greater burden of illness and death than seasonal influenza. Both seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza have profound economic consequences. The combination of current vaccine efficacy and viral antigenic drifts and shifts necessitates annual vaccination. New manufacturing technologies in influenza vaccine development employ cell culture and recombinant techniques. Both allow more rapid vaccine creation and production. In the past 5 years, brisk, highly creative activity in influenza vaccine research and development has begun. New vaccine technologies and vaccination strategies are addressing the need for viable alternatives to egg production methods and improved efficacy. At present, stubborn problems of sub-optimal efficacy and the need for annual immunization persist. There is an obvious need for more efficacious vaccines and improved vaccination strategies to make immunization easier for providers and patients. Mitigating this serious annual health threat remains an important public health priority.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigenic Variation
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Health Priorities
- Humans
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza A virus/metabolism
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Betainfluenzavirus/immunology
- Betainfluenzavirus/metabolism
- Mass Vaccination
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Seasons
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/trends
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/metabolism
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne N Nafziger
- Bertino Consulting, Schenectady, NY, USA; Adjunct Research Professor, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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465
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Park SY, Lee HU, Lee YC, Kim GH, Park EC, Han SH, Lee JG, Choi S, Heo NS, Kim DL, Huh YS, Lee J. Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles loaded with green tea extracts. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:757-62. [PMID: 25063177 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Park
- Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Lee
- Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Hwa Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Edmond Changkyun Park
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Gyu Lee
- Small Lab Co., Ltd., Daejeon 305-509, Republic of Korea
| | - Saehae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Su Heo
- R&D Center, Sugentech, Inc., Daejeon Bioventure Town 461-8, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Lak Kim
- Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Jouhahn Lee
- Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
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466
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Khan H, Mehta P, Msallam H, Armitage D, Ahmad Z. Smart microneedle coatings for controlled delivery and biomedical analysis. J Drug Target 2014; 22:790-5. [PMID: 24892742 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.921926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The work presented demonstrates an unconventional approach in the preparation of smart microneedle (MN) coatings utilising electrohydrodynamic atomisation (EHDA) principles. Stainless steel (600-900 µm in height) MNs were coupled to a ground electrode (in the EHDA coating set-up) with the deposition distance and collecting methodology varied for an ethanol:methanol (50:50) vehicle system. The preparation of nano- and micrometre-scaled pharmaceutical coatings was achieved. Fluorescein dye (serving as potential drug, sensory materials or disease state markers) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, polymer matrix system) formed the remaining components of the coating formulation. Based on these excipients and by varying the coating process, particles (100 nm to 3 µm) and fibres (400 nm to 1 µm) were deposited directly on MNs in controlled and selectable fashion (flow rates variable ∼ 5-50 µL/min, applied voltage variable 6-19 kV). These demonstrated options for multiple targeting and analysis applications. The underlying EHDA process permits room temperature fabrication, controlled output and scale-up potential for emerging MN devices as drug systems or lab-chip testing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khan
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University , Leicester , UK
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467
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Rapidly Dissolvable Microneedle Patches for Transdermal Delivery of Exenatide. Pharm Res 2014; 31:3348-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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468
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Justin R, Chen B. Strong and conductive chitosan-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for transdermal drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3759-3770. [PMID: 32261722 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites were synthesized through a biocompatible reduction process and were first reported for applications in transdermal drug delivery devices, such as microneedle arrays. Introducing rGO improved the mechanical properties of chitosan, with the strongest nanocomposites containing 1 wt% and 2 wt% rGO chosen to undergo drug delivery testing. The addition of rGO increased the electrical conductivity of chitosan, allowing the nanocomposites to be used for electroporation or iontophoresis drug delivery applications. The rGO content was proven to be an important factor for drug delivery due to the bonding of drug onto rGO. Increasing the rGO content allowed for a quicker and more substantial drug release, allowing for a controlled drug release rate. The nanocomposites also exhibited pH dependent release behaviour, with a reduced release rate in the presence of an acidic medium. The biodegradation rate of chitosan decreased when rGO was added but the biodegradation rates of the nanocomposites are not dependent on the rGO concentration, with nanocomposites of 1 wt% and 2 wt% rGO possessing a similar biodegradation path. The use of the nanocomposite in a microneedle array was shown through compression testing and drug release testing in a pseudo-in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Justin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, England.
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469
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Purwada A, Roy K, Singh A. Engineering vaccines and niches for immune modulation. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1728-40. [PMID: 24373907 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Controlled modulation of immune response, especially the balance between immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive responses, is critical for a variety of clinical applications, including immunotherapies against cancer and infectious diseases, treatment of autoimmune disorders, transplant surgeries, regenerative medicine, prosthetic implants, etc. Our ability to precisely modify both innate and adaptive immune responses could provide new therapeutic directions in a variety of diseases. In the context of vaccines and immunotherapies, the interplay between antigen-presenting cells (e.g. dendritic cells and macrophages), B cells, T helper and killer subtypes, and regulatory T- and B-cell responses is critical for generating effective immunity against cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, immunoengineering has emerged as a new field that uses quantitative engineering tools to understand molecular-, cellular- and system-level interactions of the immune system and to develop design-driven approaches to control and modulate immune responses. Biomaterials are an integral part of this engineering toolbox and can exploit the intrinsic biological and mechanical cues of the immune system to directly modulate and train immune cells and direct their response to a particular phenotype. A large body of literature exists on strategies to evade or suppress the immune response in implants, transplantation and regenerative medicine. This review specifically focuses on the use of biomaterials for immunostimulation and controlled modulation, especially in the context of vaccines and immunotherapies against cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. Bioengineering smart systems that can simultaneously deliver multiple bioactive agents in a controlled manner or can work as a niche for in situ priming and modulation of the immune system could significantly enhance the efficacy of next-generation immunotherapeutics. In this review, we describe our perspective on the important design aspects for the development of biomaterials that can actively modulate immune responses by stimulating receptor complexes and cells, and delivering multiple immunomodulatory biomolecules.
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470
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Yan L, Raphael AP, Zhu X, Wang B, Chen W, Tang T, Deng Y, Sant HJ, Zhu G, Choy KW, Gale BK, Prow TW, Chen X. Nanocomposite-strengthened dissolving microneedles for improved transdermal delivery to human skin. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:555-64. [PMID: 24173960 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of drugs and biomolecules into skin has significant advantages. To achieve this, herein, a nanomaterial-strengthened dissolving microneedle patch for transdermal delivery is reported. The patch comprises thousands of microneedles, which are composed of dissolving polymers, nanomaterials, and drug/biomolecules in their interior. With the addition of nanomaterials, the mechanical property of generally weak dissolving polymers can be dramatically improved without sacrificing dissolution rate within skin. In this experiments, layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanoparticles are incorporated into sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to form a nanocomposite. The results show that, by adding 5 wt% of LDH nanoparticles into CMC, the mechanical strength significantly increased. Small and densely packed CMC-LDH microneedles penetrate human and pig skin more reliably than pure CMC ones and attractively the nanocomposite-strengthened microneedles dissolve in skin and release payload within only 1 min. Finally, the application of using the nanocomposite-strengthened microneedle arrays is tested for in vivo vaccine delivery and the results show that significantly stronger antibody response could be induced when compared with subcutaneous injection. These data suggest that nanomaterials could be useful for fabricating densely packed and small polymer microneedles that have robust mechanical properties and rapid dissolution rates and therefore potential use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science; City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR
| | - Anthony P. Raphael
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Australia
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science; City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR
| | - Beilei Wang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wei Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science; City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen China
| | - Himanshu J. Sant
- State of Utah Center of Excellence for Biomedical Microfluidics Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering; University of Utah; Salt Lake, City UT 84112 USA
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen China
| | - Bruce K. Gale
- State of Utah Center of Excellence for Biomedical Microfluidics Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering; University of Utah; Salt Lake, City UT 84112 USA
| | - Tarl W. Prow
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Australia
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science; City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
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471
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McCrudden MTC, Torrisi BM, Al-Zahrani S, McCrudden CM, Zaric M, Scott CJ, Kissenpfennig A, McCarthy HO, Donnelly RF. Laser-engineered dissolving microneedle arrays for protein delivery: potential for enhanced intradermal vaccination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:409-25. [PMID: 24673568 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to highlight the utility of novel dissolving microneedle (MN)-based delivery systems for enhanced transdermal protein delivery. Vaccination remains the most accepted and effective approach in offering protection from infectious diseases. In recent years, much interest has focused on the possibility of using minimally invasive MN technologies to replace conventional hypodermic vaccine injections. METHODS The focus of this study was exploitation of dissolving MN array devices fabricated from 20% w/w poly(methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid) using a micromoulding technique, for the facilitated delivery of a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA). KEY FINDINGS A series of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments were designed to demonstrate that MN arrays loaded with OVA penetrated the stratum corneum and delivered their payload systemically. The latter was evidenced by the activation of both humoral and cellular inflammatory responses in mice, indicated by the production of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) and inflammatory cytokines, specifically interferon-gamma and interleukin-4. Importantly, the structural integrity of the OVA following incorporation into the MN arrays was maintained. CONCLUSION While enhanced manufacturing strategies are required to improve delivery efficiency and reduce waste, dissolving MN are a promising candidate for 'reduced-risk' vaccination and protein delivery strategies.
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472
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Schoellhammer CM, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Skin permeabilization for transdermal drug delivery: recent advances and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:393-407. [PMID: 24392787 PMCID: PMC3980659 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.875528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transdermal delivery has potential advantages over other routes of administration. It could reduce first-pass metabolism associated with oral delivery and is less painful than injections. However, the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), limits passive diffusion to small lipophilic molecules. Therefore, methods are needed to safely permeabilize the SC so that ionic and larger molecules may be delivered transdermally. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on low-frequency sonophoresis, microneedles, electroporation and iontophoresis, and combinations of these methods to permeabilize the SC. The mechanisms of enhancements and developments in the last 5 years are discussed. Potentially high-impact applications, including protein delivery, vaccination and sensing are presented. Finally, commercial interest and clinical trials are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Not all permeabilization methods are appropriate for all applications. Focused studies into applications utilizing the advantages of each method are needed. The total dose and kinetics of delivery must be considered. Vaccination is one application where permeabilization methods could make an impact. Protein delivery and analyte sensing are also areas of potential impact, although the amount of material that can be delivered (or extracted) is of critical importance. Additional work on the miniaturization of these technologies will help to increase commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Schoellhammer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering , Room 76-661, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA +1 617 253 3107 ; +1 617 258 8827 ;
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473
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Kim M, Yang H, Kim H, Jung H, Jung H. Novel cosmetic patches for wrinkle improvement: retinyl retinoate- and ascorbic acid-loaded dissolving microneedles. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:207-12. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kim
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Shinchon-dong Seoul Korea
| | - H. Yang
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Shinchon-dong Seoul Korea
| | - H. Kim
- Foundation of Korea Cosmetic Industry Institute; Osan-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - H. Jung
- Department of Clinical Evaluation; Ellead Skin Evaluation Center; Seohyun-dong Seongnam-si Kyunggi-do Korea
| | - H. Jung
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Shinchon-dong Seoul Korea
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474
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McCrudden MTC, Alkilani AZ, McCrudden CM, McAlister E, McCarthy HO, Woolfson AD, Donnelly RF. Design and physicochemical characterisation of novel dissolving polymeric microneedle arrays for transdermal delivery of high dose, low molecular weight drugs. J Control Release 2014; 180:71-80. [PMID: 24556420 PMCID: PMC4034161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe formulation and evaluation of novel dissolving polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays for the facilitated delivery of low molecular weight, high dose drugs. Ibuprofen sodium was used as the model here and was successfully formulated at approximately 50% w/w in the dry state using the copolymer poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid). These MNs were robust and effectively penetrated skin in vitro, dissolving rapidly to deliver the incorporated drug. The delivery of 1.5mg ibuprofen sodium, the theoretical mass of ibuprofen sodium contained within the dry MN alone, was vastly exceeded, indicating extensive delivery of the drug loaded into the baseplates. Indeed in in vitro transdermal delivery studies, approximately 33mg (90%) of the drug initially loaded into the arrays was delivered over 24h. Iontophoresis produced no meaningful increase in delivery. Biocompatibility studies and in vivo rat skin tolerance experiments raised no concerns. The blood plasma ibuprofen sodium concentrations achieved in rats (263μgml(-1) at the 24h time point) were approximately 20 times greater than the human therapeutic plasma level. By simplistic extrapolation of average weights from rats to humans, a MN patch design of no greater than 10cm(2) could cautiously be estimated to deliver therapeutically-relevant concentrations of ibuprofen sodium in humans. This work, therefore, represents a significant progression in exploitation of MN for successful transdermal delivery of a much wider range of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahlam Zaid Alkilani
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 132222, Jordan
| | - Cian M McCrudden
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Emma McAlister
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - A David Woolfson
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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475
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Gill HS, Kang SM, Quan FS, Compans RW. Cutaneous immunization: an evolving paradigm in influenza vaccines. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:615-27. [PMID: 24521050 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.885947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most vaccines are administered by intramuscular injection using a hypodermic needle and syringe. Some limitations of this procedure include reluctance to be immunized because of fear of needlesticks, and concerns associated with the safe disposal of needles after their use. Skin delivery is an alternate route of vaccination that has potential to be painless and could even lead to dose reduction of vaccines. Recently, microneedles have emerged as a novel painless approach for delivery of influenza vaccines via the skin. AREAS COVERED In this review, we briefly summarize the approaches and devices used for skin vaccination, and then focus on studies of skin immunization with influenza vaccines using microneedles. We discuss both the functional immune response and the nature of this immune response following vaccination with microneedles. EXPERT OPINION The cutaneous administration of influenza vaccines using microneedles offers several advantages: it is painless, elicits stronger immune responses in preclinical studies and could improve responses in high-risk populations. These dry formulations of vaccines provide enhanced stability, a property of high importance in enabling their rapid global distribution in response to possible outbreaks of pandemic influenza and newly emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder S Gill
- Texas Tech University, Department of Chemical Engineering , Lubbock, TX , USA
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476
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Norman JJ, Arya JM, McClain MA, Frew PM, Meltzer MI, Prausnitz MR. Microneedle patches: usability and acceptability for self-vaccination against influenza. Vaccine 2014; 32:1856-62. [PMID: 24530146 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While therapeutic drugs are routinely self-administered by patients, there is little precedent for self-vaccination. Convenient self-vaccination may expand vaccination coverage and reduce administration costs. Microneedle patches are in development for many vaccines, but no reports exist on usability or acceptability. We hypothesized that naïve patients could apply patches and that self-administered patches would improve stated intent to receive an influenza vaccine. We conducted a randomized, repeated measures study with 91 venue-recruited adults. To simulate vaccination, subjects received placebo microneedle patches given three times by self-administration and once by the investigator, as well as an intramuscular injection of saline. Seventy participants inserted patches with thumb pressure alone and the remainder used snap-based devices that closed shut at a certain force. Usability was assessed by skin staining and acceptability was measured with an adaptive-choice analysis. The best usability was seen with the snap device, with users inserting a median value of 93-96% of microneedles over three repetitions. When a self-administered microneedle patch was offered, intent to vaccinate increased from 44% to 65% (CI: 55-74%). The majority of those intending vaccination would prefer to self-vaccinate: 64% (CI: 51-75%). There were no serious adverse events associated with use of microneedle patches. The findings from this initial study indicate that microneedle patches for self-vaccination against influenza are usable and may lead to improved vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Norman
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Jaya M Arya
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Maxine A McClain
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Paula M Frew
- Emory University, School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral Sciences & Health Education, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Martin I Meltzer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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477
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O’Mahony C. Structural characterization and in-vivo reliability evaluation of silicon microneedles. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:333-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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478
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Liu S, Jin MN, Quan YS, Kamiyama F, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Transdermal delivery of relatively high molecular weight drugs using novel self-dissolving microneedle arrays fabricated from hyaluronic acid and their characteristics and safety after application to the skin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 86:267-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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479
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Polyplex-releasing microneedles for enhanced cutaneous delivery of DNA vaccine. J Control Release 2014; 179:11-7. [PMID: 24462900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN)-based DNA vaccines have many advantages over conventional vaccines administered by hypodermic needles. However, an efficient strategy for delivering DNA vaccines to intradermal cells has not yet been established. Here, we report a new approach for delivering polyplex-based DNA vaccines using MN arrays coated with a pH-responsive polyelectrolyte multilayer assembly (PMA). This approach enabled rapid release of polyplex upon application to the skin. In addition to the polyplex-releasing MNs, we attempted to further maximize the vaccination by developing a polymeric carrier that targeted resident antigen presenting cells (APCs) rich in the intradermal area, as well as a DNA vaccine encoding a secretable fusion protein containing amyloid beta monomer (Aβ1-42), an antigenic determinant. The resulting vaccination system was able to successfully induce a robust humoral immune response compared to conventional subcutaneous injection with hypodermal needles. In addition, antigen challenge after immunization elicited an immediate and strong recall immune response due to immunogenic memory. These results suggest the potential utility of MN-based polyplex delivery systems for enhanced DNA vaccination.
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480
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Hamori M, Yoshimatsu S, Hukuchi Y, Shimizu Y, Fukushima K, Sugioka N, Nishimura A, Shibata N. Preparation and pharmaceutical evaluation of nano-fiber matrix supported drug delivery system using the solvent-based electrospinning method. Int J Pharm 2014; 464:243-51. [PMID: 24440839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, utilizing the solvent-based electrospinning (ES) method, which is mainly employed in the textile industry, we prepared nanofiber-based capsules including drugs for controlled-release delivery systems using methacrylic acid copolymer (EUDRAGIT(®) S100, MAC) as a polymer, and evaluated their in vitro drug dissolution profiles and in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats. As the model drugs, uranine (UN) was used as a water-soluble drug and nifedipine (NP) as a water-insoluble drug. The mean diameters of drug free nano-fiber and nano-fiber including NP or UN were 751.5 ± 67.2, 703.3 ± 71.2 and 2477.8 ± 206.1 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction for the nano-fibrotic sheet showed that UN and/or NP were packed in nano-fiber in an amorphous form. The in vitro release of UN or NP from the nano-fiber packed capsules (NFPC) and milled-powder of nano-fiber packed capsules (MPPC) showed controlled release of UN or NP as compared to capsules of a physical mixture of MAC and each drug. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats after intraduodenal administration of NFPC or MPPC including UN and/or NP clearly demonstrated that application of nano-fibrotic technique as a drug delivery system offers drastic changes in pharmacokinetic profiles for both water-soluble and water-insoluble drugs. The ES method is a useful technique to prepare a nano-fiber like solid dispersion for polar or nonpolar drugs, and has wide potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Hamori
- Department of Bioharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Shiori Yoshimatsu
- Department of Bioharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Hukuchi
- Department of Bioharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Department of Bioharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Keizo Fukushima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sugioka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Asako Nishimura
- Department of Bioharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Shibata
- Department of Bioharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan.
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481
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Wang BZ, Gill HS, He C, Ou C, Wang L, Wang YC, Feng H, Zhang H, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW. Microneedle delivery of an M2e-TLR5 ligand fusion protein to skin confers broadly cross-protective influenza immunity. J Control Release 2014; 178:1-7. [PMID: 24417966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza vaccines with broad cross-protection are urgently needed to prevent an emerging influenza pandemic. A fusion protein of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5-agonist domains from flagellin and multiple repeats of the conserved extracellular domain of the influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) was constructed, purified and evaluated as such a vaccine. A painless vaccination method suitable for possible self-administration using coated microneedle arrays was investigated for skin-targeted delivery of the fusion protein in a mouse model. The results demonstrate that microneedle immunization induced strong humoral as well as mucosal antibody responses and conferred complete protection against homo- and heterosubtypic lethal virus challenges. Protective efficacy with microneedles was found to be significantly better than that seen with conventional intramuscular injection, and comparable to that observed with intranasal immunization. Because of its advantages for administration, safety and storage, microneedle delivery of M2e-flagellin fusion protein is a promising approach for an easy-to-administer universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Harvinder S Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Changbo Ou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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482
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Leite-Silva VR, de Almeida MM, Fradin A, Grice JE, Roberts MS. Delivery of drugs applied topically to the skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.12.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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483
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Garland MJ, Migalska K, Mahmood TMT, Singh TRR, Woolfson AD, Donnelly RF. Microneedle arrays as medical devices for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 8:459-82. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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484
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Atmar RL, Patel SM, Keitel WA. Intanza®: a new intradermal vaccine for seasonal influenza. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:1399-409. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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485
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Zhang J, Tarbet EB, Toro H, Tang DCC. Adenovirus-vectored drug–vaccine duo as a potential driver for conferring mass protection against infectious diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:1539-52. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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486
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Abstract
Nanotechnology encompasses structures comparable in size with biomolecules and enables new ways to measure and detect biology, perturb cells, and treat patients. Here, Wong et al. review nanotechnology-based approaches for precisely measuring and perturbing living systems that may yield unexpected insights into systems biology as well as new therapeutic strategies for personalized medicine. Historically, biomedical research has been based on two paradigms. First, measurements of biological behaviors have been based on bulk assays that average over large populations. Second, these behaviors have then been crudely perturbed by systemic administration of therapeutic treatments. Nanotechnology has the potential to transform these paradigms by enabling exquisite structures comparable in size with biomolecules as well as unprecedented chemical and physical functionality at small length scales. Here, we review nanotechnology-based approaches for precisely measuring and perturbing living systems. Remarkably, nanotechnology can be used to characterize single molecules or cells at extraordinarily high throughput and deliver therapeutic payloads to specific locations as well as exhibit dynamic biomimetic behavior. These advances enable multimodal interfaces that may yield unexpected insights into systems biology as well as new therapeutic strategies for personalized medicine.
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487
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Cai B, Xia W, Bredenberg S, Engqvist H. Self-setting bioceramic microscopic protrusions for transdermal drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5992-5998. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00764f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-setting bioceramic microneedles are fabricated using a simple manufacturing procedure under mild conditions and could be substitutes for current microneedles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cai
- Division for Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- The Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wei Xia
- Division for Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- The Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Bredenberg
- Division for Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- The Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Division for Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- The Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala, Sweden
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488
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Abstract
Microneedles were initially developed as pretreatment tools for the delivery of therapeutic drugs to intradermal locales in the human skin. Over time, variations in microneedle forms and functions burgeoned through the works of many researchers worldwide. The four major types of microneedles in use today are solid, dissolving, coating, and hollow microneedles. The emergence of different types of microneedles also paved the way for a flourishing diversification of microneedle applications, one of the most remarkable of which deals with the transcutaneous delivery of prophylactic vaccines. Here, we describe fabrication methods of microneedles and DNA vaccine loading methods on the microneedle surface. Furthermore, in the latter part of this chapter, in vivo test protocols for assessing the efficacy of gene delivery using microneedles are described.
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489
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Santos A, Sinn Aw M, Bariana M, Kumeria T, Wang Y, Losic D. Drug-releasing implants: current progress, challenges and perspectives. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6157-6182. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the different types and concepts of drug-releasing implants using new nanomaterials and nanotechnology-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Moom Sinn Aw
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Manpreet Bariana
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
- School of Dentistry
- The University of Adelaide
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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490
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Skountzou I, Compans RW. Skin immunization with influenza vaccines. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 386:343-69. [PMID: 25038939 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Problems with existing influenza vaccines include the strain specificity of the immune response, resulting in the need for frequent reformulation in response to viral antigenic drift. Even in years when the same influenza strains are prevalent, the duration of immunity is limited, and results in the need for annual revaccination. The immunogenicity of the present split or subunit vaccines is also lower than that observed with whole inactivated virus, and the vaccines are not very effective in high risk groups such as the young or the elderly. Vaccine coverage is incomplete, due in part to concerns about the use of hypodermic needles for delivery. Alternative approaches for vaccination are being developed which address many of these concerns. Here we review new approaches which focus on skin immunization, including the development of needle-free delivery systems which use stable dry formulations and induce stronger and longer-lasting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, CNR Building, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,
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491
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Tuan-Mahmood TM, McCrudden MT, Torrisi BM, McAlister E, Garland MJ, Singh TRR, Donnelly RF. Microneedles for intradermal and transdermal drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:623-37. [PMID: 23680534 PMCID: PMC4119996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The formidable barrier properties of the uppermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, impose significant limitations for successful systemic delivery of broad range of therapeutic molecules particularly macromolecules and genetic material. Microneedle (MN) has been proposed as a strategy to breach the stratum corneum barrier function in order to facilitate effective transport of molecules across the skin. This strategy involves use of micron sized needles fabricated of different materials and geometries to create transient aqueous conduits across the skin. MN, alone or with other enhancing strategies, has been demonstrated to dramatically enhance the skin permeability of numerous therapeutic molecules including biopharmaceuticals either in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo experiments. This suggested the promising use of MN technology for various possible clinical applications such as insulin delivery, transcutaneous immunisations and cutaneous gene delivery. MN has been proved as minimally invasive and painless in human subjects. This review article focuses on recent and future developments for MN technology including the latest type of MN design, challenges and strategies in MNs development as well as potential safety aspects based on comprehensive literature review pertaining to MN studies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Mazlelaa Tuan-Mahmood
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maeliosa T.C. McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Barbara M. Torrisi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emma McAlister
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Martin J Garland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Thakur Raghu Raj Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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492
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Suh H, Shin J, Kim YC. Microneedle patches for vaccine delivery. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2013; 3:42-9. [PMID: 24427762 PMCID: PMC3890449 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2014.3.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's medical industry, the range of vaccines that exist for administration in humans represents an eclectic variety of forms and immunologic mechanisms. Namely, these are the live attenuated viruses, inactivated viruses, subunit proteins, and virus-like particles for treating virus-caused diseases, as well as the bacterial-based polysaccharide, protein, and conjugated vaccines. Currently, a new approach to vaccination is being investigated with the concept of DNA vaccines. As an alternative delivery route to enhance the vaccination efficacy, microneedles have been devised to target the rich network of immunologic antigen-presenting cells in the dermis and epidermis layers under the skin. Numerous studies have outlined the parameters of microneedle delivery of a wide range of vaccines, revealing comparable or higher immunogenicity to conventional intramuscular routes, overall level of stability, and dose-sparing advantages. Furthermore, recent mechanism studies have begun to successfully elucidate the biological mechanisms behind microneedle vaccination. This paper describes the current status of microneedle vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemee Suh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Juhyung Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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493
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Senti G, von Moos S, Kündig TM. Epicutaneous Immunotherapy for Aeroallergen and Food Allergy. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2013; 1:68-78. [PMID: 24918342 PMCID: PMC4025904 DOI: 10.1007/s40521-013-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergies today affect up to 30 % of the population in industrialized countries. Allergen immunotherapy is the only disease-modifying treatment option with a long-term effect. However, very few patients (<5 %) choose immunotherapy, due to the long treatment duration (between 3-5 years) and possible local and systemic allergic side effects of the allergen administrations. The latter occur when an allergen accidentally reaches the blood circulation. Therefore, the ideal application route for allergen immunotherapy should be characterized by two hallmarks: firstly, by a high number of potent antigen-presenting cells, which enhance efficacy and thus shorten treatment duration. Secondly, the allergen administration site is ideally non-vascularized, so that inadvertent systemic distribution of the allergen and consequent systemic allergic side effects are minimized. The epidermis contains high numbers of potent antigen-presenting Langerhans cells and, as an epithelium, is non-vascularized. Therefore, the epidermis represents an interesting administration route. Historical evidence for the clinical efficacy of epicutaneous allergy immunotherapy (EPIT) has now been strengthened by a number of recent double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trials performed by independent groups. We review the immunological rationale, history and clinical experience with epicutaneous allergy immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Senti
- Clinical Trials Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Seraina von Moos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Gloriatrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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494
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Weissmueller NT, Schiffter HA, Pollard AJ. Intradermal powder immunization with protein-containing vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:687-702. [PMID: 23750797 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The central importance for global public health policy of delivering life-saving vaccines for all children makes the development of efficacious and safe needle-free alternatives to hypodermic needles, preferably in a thermostable form, a matter of pressing urgency. This paper comprehensively reviews past in vivo studies on intradermal powder immunization with vaccine formulations that do not require refrigeration. Particular emphasis is given to the immune response in relation to antigen adjuvantation. While needle-free intradermal delivery of vaccines induces a predominantly Th2-type immune response, adjuvants powerfully enhance and modulate the magnitude and nature of the elicited immune response at various effector sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas T Weissmueller
- Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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495
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Kashiwagi S, Yuan J, Forbes B, Hibert ML, Lee ELQ, Whicher L, Goudie C, Yang Y, Chen T, Edelblute B, Collette B, Edington L, Trussler J, Nezivar J, Leblanc P, Bronson R, Tsukada K, Suematsu M, Dover J, Brauns T, Gelfand J, Poznansky MC. Near-infrared laser adjuvant for influenza vaccine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82899. [PMID: 24349390 PMCID: PMC3859633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe and effective immunologic adjuvants are often essential for vaccines. However, the choice of adjuvant for licensed vaccines is limited, especially for those that are administered intradermally. We show that non-tissue damaging, near-infrared (NIR) laser light given in short exposures to small areas of skin, without the use of additional chemical or biological agents, significantly increases immune responses to intradermal influenza vaccination without augmenting IgE. The NIR laser-adjuvanted vaccine confers increased protection in a murine influenza lethal challenge model as compared to unadjuvanted vaccine. We show that NIR laser treatment induces the expression of specific chemokines in the skin resulting in recruitment and activation of dendritic cells and is safe to use in both mice and humans. The NIR laser adjuvant technology provides a novel, safe, low-cost, simple-to-use, potentially broadly applicable and clinically feasible approach to enhancing vaccine efficacy as an alternative to chemical and biological adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jianping Yuan
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Forbes
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mathew L. Hibert
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eugene L. Q. Lee
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura Whicher
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Calum Goudie
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuan Yang
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tao Chen
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Beth Edelblute
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian Collette
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laurel Edington
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James Trussler
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jean Nezivar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pierre Leblanc
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roderick Bronson
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kosuke Tsukada
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio Universtiy, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Dover
- SkinCare Physicians of Chestnut Hill, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetss, United States of America
| | - Timothy Brauns
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Gelfand
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark C. Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
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496
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Okada N. [From basic principles to clinical applications on transcutaneous vaccine]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:1363-72. [PMID: 24292185 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent vigorous transnational migration of people and materials reflecting the development of transportation facilities, changes in social structure, and war disasters has increased the global spread of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Vaccine, which is the major fundamental prophylaxis against infectious diseases, has greatly contributed to the maintenance and improvement of human health worldwide. However, the disadvantages of conventional injection systems hamper the speedy mass-vaccination and the global distribution of vaccines. Transcutaneous immunization systems, which are easy-to-use and low-invasive methods of vaccination, have the potential to overcome certain issues associated with injectable vaccinations. In this review, we provide an outline of recent trends in the development of techniques for the transcutaneous delivery of vaccine antigens. We also introduce basic and clinical research involving our transcutaneous immunization systems that incorporate self-dissolving microneedle patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okada
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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497
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Evaluation of monophosphoryl lipid A as adjuvant for pulmonary delivered influenza vaccine. J Control Release 2013; 174:51-62. [PMID: 24269505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prophylaxis against influenza could be improved by the development of a stable, easy to deliver, potent mucosal vaccine. In this study, we spray-freeze-dried (SFD) whole inactivated virus influenza vaccine (WIV) alone or supplemented with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) using inulin as a lyoprotectant. Physical characterization revealed that the SFD powder consisted of highly porous particles with a size distribution suitable for pulmonary administration. The receptor-binding properties of WIV and the immunostimulatory properties of MPLA were preserved after spray-freeze-drying as indicated by unchanged hemagglutination titers and a retained ability of the vaccine to activate NFkB after incubation with a reporter cell line, respectively. Pulmonary vaccination of mice with MPLA-adjuvanted liquid or powder WIV resulted in induction of higher mucosal and systemic antibody concentrations than vaccination with non-adjuvanted formulations. When exposed to influenza virus, mice immunized with MPLA-adjuvanted pulmonary vaccine showed similar protection in terms of reduction in lung virus titers and prevention of weight loss as mice immunized intramuscularly with subunit vaccine. Characterization of the antibody response revealed a balanced IgG2a-to-IgG1 profile along with induction of both memory IgA- and IgG-producing B cells in mice immunized with MPLA-adjuvanted vaccine. These studies suggest that the mucosal and systemic immune responses to pulmonary delivered influenza vaccines can be significantly enhanced by using MPLA as adjuvant. MPLA-adjuvanted SFD vaccine was particularly effective implying that delivery of adjuvanted vaccine powder to the lungs can be an attractive way of immunization against influenza.
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498
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Reed AL, Rowson SA, Dixon JB. Demonstration of ATP-dependent, transcellular transport of lipid across the lymphatic endothelium using an in vitro model of the lacteal. Pharm Res 2013; 30:3271-80. [PMID: 24254195 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lymphatic system plays crucial roles in tissue fluid balance, trafficking of immune cells, and the uptake of dietary lipid from the intestine. Given these roles there has been an interest in targeting lymphatics through oral lipid-based formulations or intradermal delivery of drug carrier systems. However the mechanisms regulating lipid uptake by lymphatics remain unknown. Thus we sought to modify a previously developed in vitro model to investigate the role of ATP in lipid uptake into the lymphatics. METHODS Lymphatic endothelial cells were cultured on a transwell membrane and the effective permeability to free fatty acid and Caco-2 cell-secreted lipid was calculated in the presence or absence of the ATP inhibitor sodium azide. RESULTS ATP inhibition reduced Caco-2 cell-secreted lipid transport, but not dextran transport. FFA transport was ATP-dependent primarily during early periods of ATP inhibition, while Caco-2 cell-secreted lipid transport was lowered at all time points studied. Furthermore, the transcellular component of transport was highly ATP-dependent, a mechanism not observed in fibroblasts, suggesting these mechanisms are unique to lymphatics. Total transport of Caco-2 cell-secreted lipid was dose-dependently reduced by ATP inhibition, and transcellular lipoprotein transport was completely attenuated. CONCLUSION The transport of lipid across the lymphatic endothelium as demonstrated with this in vitro model occurs in part by an ATP-dependent, transcellular route independent of passive permeability. It remains to be determined the extent that this mechanism exists in vivo and future work should be directed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana L Reed
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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499
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Raja WK, Maccorkle S, Diwan IM, Abdurrob A, Lu J, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Transdermal delivery devices: fabrication, mechanics and drug release from silk. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3704-13. [PMID: 23653252 PMCID: PMC3883884 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are a relatively simple, minimally invasive and painless approach to deliver drugs across the skin. However, there remain limitations with this approach because of the materials most commonly utilized for such systems. Silk protein, with tunable and biocompatibility properties, is a useful biomaterial to overcome the current limitations with microneedles. Silk devices preserve drug activity, offer superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility, can be tuned for biodegradability, and can be processed under aqueous, benign conditions. In the present work, the fabrication of dense microneedle arrays from silk with different drug release kinetics is reported. The mechanical properties of the microneedle patches are tuned by post-fabrication treatments or by loading the needles with silk microparticles, to increase capacity and mechanical strength. Drug release is further enhanced by the encapsulation of the drugs in the silk matrix and coating with a thin dissolvable drug layer. The microneedles are used on human cadaver skin and drugs are delivered successfully. The various attributes demonstrated suggest that silk-based microneedle devices can provide significant benefit as a platform material for transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem K Raja
- Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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500
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Bayry J. Emerging viral diseases of livestock in the developing world. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:291-4. [PMID: 24426290 PMCID: PMC3832702 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Emerging and reemerging viral diseases of livestock and human beings are in sharp rise in recent years. Importantly, many of these viruses, including influenza, Hendra, Nipah and corona are of zoonotic importance. Several viral diseases of livestock such as bluetongue, peste des petits ruminants, camel pox, equine infectious anaemia, chicken anaemia and sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever are crossing their traditional boundaries. Emergence of new serotypes and variant forms of viruses as in the case of blue tongue virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus adds additional level of complexity. The increased incidence of emerging and reemerging viral diseases could be attributed to several factors including deforestation and surge in direct contact of livestock and humans with wild animals and birds. This special issue of "Indian Journal of Virology" is focused on diverse aspects of above diseases: isolation and characterization of viruses, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention measures and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 16-Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, 75006 Paris, France
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