451
|
Bergkvist KS, Nørgaard MA, Bøgsted M, Schmitz A, Nyegaard M, Gaihede M, Bæch J, Grønholdt ML, Jensen FS, Johansen P, Urup T, El-Galaly TC, Madsen J, Bødker JS, Dybkær K, Johnsen HE. Characterization of memory B cells from thymus and its impact for DLBCL classification. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:982-990.e11. [PMID: 27297329 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The rare memory B cells in thymus (Thy) are considered the cells of origin for primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. The objectives of the present study were to characterize the normal memory B-cell compartment in Thy and to support its association with primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Seven paired human tissue samples from Thy and sternum bone marrow (BM) were harvested during cardiac surgery. B-cell subsets were phenotyped by Euroflow standard and fluorescence-activated cell sorting for microarray analysis on the Human Exon 1.0 ST Arrays platform. Differentially expressed genes between Thy and BM memory B cells were identified and correlated with the molecular subclasses of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Within Thy, 4% (median; range 2%-14%) of the CD45(+) hematopoietic cells were CD19(+) B cells, with a major fraction being CD27(+)/CD38(-) memory B cells (median 80%, range 76%-93%). The BM contained 14% (median; range 3%-27%), of which only a minor fraction (median 5%, range 2%-10%) were memory B cells. Global gene expression analysis of the memory B-cell subsets from the two compartments identified 133 genes upregulated in Thy, including AICDA, REL, STAT1, TNF family, SLAMF1, CD80, and CD86. In addition, exons 4 and 5 in the 3' end of AICDA were more highly expressed in Thy than in BM. The Thy memory B-cell gene profile was overexpressed in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma compared with other diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subclasses. The present study describes a Thy memory B-cell subset and its gene profile correlated with primary mediastinal B-cell lymphomas, suggesting origin from Thy memory B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Agge Nørgaard
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alexander Schmitz
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael Gaihede
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - John Bæch
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Preben Johansen
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Urup
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tarec C El-Galaly
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Madsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Julie Støve Bødker
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karen Dybkær
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Johnsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
452
|
Li Y, Wang X, Cho JH, Shaw TI, Wu Z, Bai B, Wang H, Zhou S, Beach TG, Wu G, Zhang J, Peng J. JUMPg: An Integrative Proteogenomics Pipeline Identifying Unannotated Proteins in Human Brain and Cancer Cells. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2309-20. [PMID: 27225868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteogenomics is an emerging approach to improve gene annotation and interpretation of proteomics data. Here we present JUMPg, an integrative proteogenomics pipeline including customized database construction, tag-based database search, peptide-spectrum match filtering, and data visualization. JUMPg creates multiple databases of DNA polymorphisms, mutations, splice junctions, partially trypticity, as well as protein fragments translated from the whole transcriptome in all six frames upon RNA-seq de novo assembly. We use a multistage strategy to search these databases sequentially, in which the performance is optimized by re-searching only unmatched high-quality spectra and reusing amino acid tags generated by the JUMP search engine. The identified peptides/proteins are displayed with gene loci using the UCSC genome browser. Then, the JUMPg program is applied to process a label-free mass spectrometry data set of Alzheimer's disease postmortem brain, uncovering 496 new peptides of amino acid substitutions, alternative splicing, frame shift, and "non-coding gene" translation. The novel protein PNMA6BL specifically expressed in the brain is highlighted. We also tested JUMPg to analyze a stable-isotope labeled data set of multiple myeloma cells, revealing 991 sample-specific peptides that include protein sequences in the immunoglobulin light chain variable region. Thus, the JUMPg program is an effective proteogenomics tool for multiomics data integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Wang
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 920 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | | | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute , Sun City, Arizona 85351, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
453
|
Mikulasova A, Smetana J, Wayhelova M, Janyskova H, Sandecka V, Kufova Z, Almasi M, Jarkovsky J, Gregora E, Kessler P, Wrobel M, Walker BA, Wardell CP, Morgan GJ, Hajek R, Kuglik P. Genomewide profiling of copy-number alteration in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Eur J Haematol 2016; 97:568-575. [PMID: 27157252 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a benign condition with an approximate 1% annual risk of symptomatic plasma cell disorder development, mostly to multiple myeloma (MM). We performed genomewide screening of copy-number alterations (CNAs) in 90 MGUS and 33 MM patients using high-density DNA microarrays. We identified CNAs in a smaller proportion of MGUS (65.6%) than in MM (100.0%, P = 1.31 × 10-5 ) and showed median number of CNAs is lower in MGUS (3, range 0-22) than in MM (13, range 4-38, P = 1.82 × 10-10 ). In the MGUS cohort, the most frequent losses were located at 1p (5.6%), 6q (6.7%), 13q (30.0%), 14q (14.4%), 16q (8.9%), 21q (5.6%), and gains at 1q (23.3%), 2p (6.7%), 6p (13.3%), and Xq (7.8%). Hyperdiploidy was detected in 38.9% of MGUS cases, and the most frequent whole chromosome gains were 3 (25.6%), 5 (23.3%), 9 (37.8%), 15 (23.3%), and 19 (32.2%). We also identified CNAs such as 1p, 6q, 8p, 12p, 13q, 16q losses, 1q gain and hypodiploidy, which are potentially associated with an adverse prognosis in MGUS. In summary, we showed that MGUS is similar to MM in that it is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, but overall cytogenetic instability is lower than in MM, which confirms that genetic abnormalities play important role in monoclonal gammopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Mikulasova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Smetana
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Wayhelova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Janyskova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viera Sandecka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kufova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Almasi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Jarkovsky
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Gregora
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kessler
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion, General Hospital, Pelhrimov, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Wrobel
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Novy Jicin, Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Brian A Walker
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Christopher P Wardell
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Roman Hajek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kuglik
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
454
|
Siegel MB, Liu SQ, Davare MA, Spurgeon SE, Loriaux MM, Druker BJ, Scott EC, Tyner JW. Small molecule inhibitor screen identifies synergistic activity of the bromodomain inhibitor CPI203 and bortezomib in drug resistant myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18921-32. [PMID: 26254279 PMCID: PMC4662464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite significant therapeutic progress in multiple myeloma, drug resistance is uniformly inevitable and new treatments are needed. Our aim was to identify novel, efficacious small-molecule combinations for use in drug resistant multiple myeloma. Experimental Design A panel of 116 small molecule inhibitors was used to screen resistant myeloma cell lines for potential therapeutic targets. Agents found to have enhanced activity in the bortezomib or melphalan resistant myeloma cell lines were investigated further in combination. Synergistic combinations of interest were evaluated in primary patient cells. Results The overall single-agent drug sensitivity profiles were dramatically different between melphalan and bortezomib resistant cells, however, the bromodomain inhibitor, CPI203, was observed to have enhanced activity in both the bortezomib and melphalan resistant lines compared to their wild-type counterparts. The combination of bortezomib and CPI203 was found to be synergistic in both the bortezomib and melphalan resistant cell lines as well as in a primary multiple myeloma sample from a patient refractory to recent proteasome inhibitor treatment. The CPI203-bortezomib combination led to enhanced apoptosis and anti-proliferative effects. Finally, in contrast to prior reports of synergy between bortezomib and other epigenetic modifying agents, which implicated MYC downregulation or NOXA induction, our analyses suggest that CPI203-bortezomib synergy is independent of these events. Conclusion Our preclinical data supports a role for the clinical investigation of the bromodomain inhibitor CPI203 combined with bortezomib or alkylating agents in resistant multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika A Davare
- Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Pediatrics at Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
455
|
Smith EM, Zhang L, Walker BA, Davenport EL, Aronson LI, Krige D, Hooftman L, Drummond AH, Morgan GJ, Davies FE. The combination of HDAC and aminopeptidase inhibitors is highly synergistic in myeloma and leads to disruption of the NFκB signalling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17314-27. [PMID: 26015393 PMCID: PMC4627310 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence supporting the use of epigenetic therapies in the treatment of multiple myeloma. We show the novel HDAC inhibitor CHR-3996 induces apoptosis in myeloma cells at concentrations in the nanomolar range and with apoptosis mediated by p53 and caspase pathways. In addition, HDAC inhibitors are highly synergistic, both in vitro and in vivo, with the aminopeptidase inhibitor tosedostat (CHR-2797). We demonstrate that the basis for this synergy is a consequence of changes in the levels of NFκB regulators BIRC3/cIAP2, A20, CYLD, and IκB, which were markedly affected by the combination. When co-administered the HDAC and aminopeptidase inhibitors caused rapid nuclear translocation of NFκB family members p65 and p52, following activation of both canonical and non-canonical NFκB signalling pathways. The subsequent up-regulation of inhibitors of NFκB activation (most significantly BIRC3/cIAP2) turned off the cytoprotective effects of the NFκB signalling response in a negative feedback loop. These results provide a rationale for combining HDAC and aminopeptidase inhibitors clinically for the treatment of myeloma patients and support the disruption of the NFκB signalling pathway as a therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Smith
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, Cancer Therapeutics and Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lei Zhang
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, Cancer Therapeutics and Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Brian A Walker
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, Cancer Therapeutics and Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Emma L Davenport
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, Cancer Therapeutics and Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lauren I Aronson
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, Cancer Therapeutics and Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Gareth J Morgan
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, Cancer Therapeutics and Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Faith E Davies
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, Cancer Therapeutics and Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
456
|
Smith D, Mann D, Yong K. Cyclin D type does not influence cell cycle response to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation in multiple myeloma tumours. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:693-704. [PMID: 27146121 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by over-expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) or D2 (CCND2), which control G1 phase cell-cycle progression. Proteolytic degradation of CCND1 (but not CCND2), resulting in G1 arrest, is reported in non-MM cells post-DNA damage, affecting DNA repair and survival. We examined the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on D-cyclin levels and cell-cycle kinetics of MM cells, exploring differences based on D-cyclin expression. We showed that CCND1 is downregulated, whereas CCND2 is not, following IR. This did not lead to hypo-phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein or G1 arrest. Both CCND1- and CCND2-expressing MM cells arrested in S/G2/M, and did not differ in other cell-cycle proteins or sensitivity to IR. When treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor, both CCND1 and CCND2 MM cells arrested in G1 and therefore are subject to physiological regulation at this checkpoint. Immunoprecipitation showed that, despite CCND1 degradation following IR, sufficient protein remains bound to CDK4/6 to prevent G1 arrest. Aberrant expression of CCND1 driven from the IGH promoter in t(11;14) MM cells maintains progression through G1 to arrest in S/G2/M. Differential expression of D-cyclin does not appear to affect cell-cycle response to IR, and is unlikely to underlie differential sensitivity to DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Smith
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Mann
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kwee Yong
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
457
|
Harada T, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in multiple myeloma: from bench to bedside. Int J Hematol 2016; 104:300-9. [PMID: 27099225 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) deacetylate the lysine residues of both histones and non-histone proteins. Histone acetylation results in a loose local chromatin structure that regulates gene-specific transcription. Non-histone proteins can also be acetylated, leading to dynamic changes in their activity and stability. For these reasons, HDAC inhibition has emerged as a potential approach for the treatment of MM. Specifically, combination treatment with HDAC inhibitors and proteasome inhibitors or immunomodulatory drugs shows remarkable anti-MM activity in both preclinical and clinical settings. However, the clinical studies using non-selective HDAC inhibitors also cause unfavorable side effects in patients, leading us to develop more isoform- and/or class-selective HDAC inhibitors to enhance tolerability without diminishing anti-MM activity, thereby improving patient outcome in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Harada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
458
|
Martello M, Remondini D, Borsi E, Santacroce B, Procacci M, Pezzi A, Dico FA, Martinelli G, Zamagni E, Tacchetti P, Pantani L, Testoni N, Marzocchi G, Rocchi S, Zannetti BA, Mancuso K, Cavo M, Terragna C. Opposite activation of the Hedgehog pathway in CD138+ plasma cells and CD138-CD19+ B cells identifies two subgroups of patients with multiple myeloma and different prognosis. Leukemia 2016; 30:1869-76. [PMID: 27074969 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which controls refueling of multiple myeloma (MM) clones, might be critical to disease recurrence. Although several studies suggest the Hh pathway is activated in CD138- immature cells, differentiated CD138+ plasma cells might also be able to self-renew by producing themselves the Hh ligands. We studied the gene expression profiles of 126 newly diagnosed MM patients analyzed in both the CD138+ plasma cell fraction and CD138-CD19+ B-cell compartment. Results demonstrated that an Hh-gene signature was able to cluster patients in two subgroups characterized by the opposite Hh pathway expression in mature plasma cells and their precursors. Strikingly, patients characterized by Hh hyperactivation in plasma cells, but not in their B cells, displayed high genomic instability and an unfavorable outcome in terms of shorter progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 1.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.19-3.07) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 2.61; 95% confidence interval: 1.26-5.38). These results suggest that the mechanisms triggered by the Hh pathway ultimately led to identify a more indolent vs a more aggressive biological and clinical subtype of MM. Therefore, patient stratification according to their molecular background might help the fine-tuning of future clinical and therapeutic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Martello
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Borsi
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - B Santacroce
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Procacci
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Pezzi
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - F A Dico
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Martinelli
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Zamagni
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Tacchetti
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Pantani
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - N Testoni
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Marzocchi
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Rocchi
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - B A Zannetti
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - K Mancuso
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Cavo
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Terragna
- Institute of Haematology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
459
|
miR-29s: a family of epi-miRNAs with therapeutic implications in hematologic malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12837-61. [PMID: 25968566 PMCID: PMC4536984 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A wealth of studies has highlighted the biological complexity of hematologic malignancies and the role of dysregulated signal transduction pathways. Along with the crucial role of genetic abnormalities, epigenetic aberrations are nowadays emerging as relevant players in cancer development, and significant research efforts are currently focusing on mechanisms by which histone post-translational modifications, DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs contribute to the pathobiology of cancer. As a consequence, these studies have provided the rationale for the development of epigenetic drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and demethylating compounds, some of which are currently in advanced phase of pre-clinical investigation or in clinical trials. In addition, a more recent body of evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) might target effectors of the epigenetic machinery, which are aberrantly expressed or active in cancers, thus reverting those epigenetic abnormalities driving tumor initiation and progression. This review will focus on the broad epigenetic activity triggered by members of the miR-29 family, which underlines the potential of miR-29s as candidate epi-therapeutics for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Collapse
|
460
|
Proton pump inhibitors induce a caspase-independent antitumor effect against human multiple myeloma. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:278-83. [PMID: 27084522 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and is responsive to a limited number of drugs. Unfortunately, to date, despite the introduction of novel drugs, no relevant increase in survival rates has been obtained. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been shown to have significant antitumor action as single agents as well as in combination with chemotherapy. This study investigates the potential anti-tumor effectiveness of two PPIs, Lansoprazole and Omeprazole, against human MM cells. We found that Lansoprazole exerts straightforward efficacy against myeloma cells, even at suboptimal concentrations (50 µM), while Omeprazole has limited cytotoxic action. The Lansoprazole anti-MM effect was mostly mediated by a caspase-independent apoptotic-like cytotoxicity, with only a secondary anti-proliferative action. This study provides clear evidence supporting the use of Lansoprazole in the strive against MM with an efficacy proven much higher than current therapeutical approaches and without reported side effects. It is however conceivable that, consistent with the results obtained in other human tumors, Lansoprazole may well be combined with existing anti-myeloma therapies with the aim to improve the low level of efficacy of the current strategies.
Collapse
|
461
|
Abstract
The generation of antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells is one of the most important immune protections of the host and is the basis for successful vaccination strategies. The protective antibodies, secreted by preexisting long-lived plasma cells and reactivated antigen-experienced memory B cells, constitute the main humoral immune defense. Distinct from the primary antibody response, the humoral memory response is generated much faster and with greater magnitude, and it produces antibodies with higher affinity and variable isotypes. Humoral immunity is critically dependent on the germinal center where high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. In this chapter, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern fate decision for memory B cells and plasma cells and the mechanisms that maintain the long-lived plasma-cell pool, with emphasis on how the transcription factor Blimp-1 (B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1) helps regulate the above-mentioned immunoregulatory steps to ensure the production and maintenance of antibody-secreting plasma cells as well as how it directs memory cell vs plasma-cell fate. We also discuss the molecular basis of Blimp-1 action and how its expression is regulated.
Collapse
|
462
|
Korde N, Roschewski M, Zingone A, Kwok M, Manasanch EE, Bhutani M, Tageja N, Kazandjian D, Mailankody S, Wu P, Morrison C, Costello R, Zhang Y, Burton D, Mulquin M, Zuchlinski D, Lamping L, Carpenter A, Wall Y, Carter G, Cunningham SC, Gounden V, Sissung TM, Peer C, Maric I, Calvo KR, Braylan R, Yuan C, Stetler-Stevenson M, Arthur DC, Kong KA, Weng L, Faham M, Lindenberg L, Kurdziel K, Choyke P, Steinberg SM, Figg W, Landgren O. Treatment With Carfilzomib-Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone With Lenalidomide Extension in Patients With Smoldering or Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. JAMA Oncol 2016; 1:746-54. [PMID: 26181891 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone therapy yields deep responses in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). It is important to gain an understanding of this combination's tolerability and impact on minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity because this end point has been associated with improved survival. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone therapy in NDMM and high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Clinical and correlative pilot study at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Patients with NDMM or high-risk SMM were enrolled between July 11, 2011, and October 9, 2013. Median follow-up was 17.3 (NDMM) and 15.9 months (SMM). INTERVENTIONS Eight 28-day cycles were composed of carfilzomib 20/36 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16; lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21; and dexamethasone 20/10 mg (cycles 1-4/5-8) on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23. Patients who achieved at least stable disease subsequently received 24 cycles of lenalidomide extended dosing. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary end points were neuropathy of grade 3 or greater (NDMM) and at least very good partial response rates (SMM). Minimal residual disease was also assessed. RESULTS Of 45 patients with NDMM, none had neuropathy of grade 3 or greater. Of 12 patients with high-risk SMM, the most common of any-grade adverse events were lymphopenia (12 [100%]) and gastrointestinal disorders (11 [92%]). All patients with SMM achieved at least a very good partial response during the study period. Among the 28 patients with NDMM and the 12 with SMM achieving at least a near-complete response, MRD negativity was found in 28 of 28 (100% [95% CI, 88%-100%]), 11 of 12 (92% [95% CI, 62%-100%]) (multiparametric flow cytometry), 14 of 21 (67% [95% CI, 43%-85%]), and 9 of 12 (75% [95% CI, 43%-94%]) (next-generation sequencing), respectively. In patients with NDMM, 12-month progression-free survival for MRD-negative vs MRD-positive status by flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing was 100% vs 79% (95% CI, 47%-94%; P < .001) and 100% vs 95% (95% CI, 75%-99%; P = .02), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone therapy is tolerable and demonstrates high rates of MRD negativity in NDMM, translating into longer progression-free survival in patients achieving MRD negativity. Carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone therapy also demonstrates efficacy in high-risk SMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Korde
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York2Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark Roschewski
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Adriana Zingone
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Mary Kwok
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Elisabet E Manasanch
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York3Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Manisha Bhutani
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York4Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland5Department of Hemato
| | - Nishant Tageja
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York4Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dickran Kazandjian
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York4Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter Wu
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Candis Morrison
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Rene Costello
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Yong Zhang
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Debra Burton
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Marcia Mulquin
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Diamond Zuchlinski
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Liz Lamping
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Ashley Carpenter
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Yvonne Wall
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - George Carter
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Schuyler C Cunningham
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York
| | - Verena Gounden
- Hematology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tristan M Sissung
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cody Peer
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Irina Maric
- Hematology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Hematology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Raul Braylan
- Hematology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Constance Yuan
- Lab of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson
- Lab of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Diane C Arthur
- Lab of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Li Weng
- Sequenta Inc, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Liza Lindenberg
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Karen Kurdziel
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William Figg
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ola Landgren
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, New York, New York2Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
463
|
Abdel Malek MAY, Jagannathan S, Malek E, Sayed DM, Elgammal SA, Abd El-Azeem HG, Thabet NM, Driscoll JJ. Molecular chaperone GRP78 enhances aggresome delivery to autophagosomes to promote drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3098-110. [PMID: 25605012 PMCID: PMC4413640 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical benefit of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, multiple myeloma (MM) patients invariably relapse through poorly defined mechanisms. Myeloma cells inevitably develop chemoresistance that leads to disease relapse and patient-related deaths. Studies in tumor cell lines and biopsies obtained from patients refractory to therapy have revealed that myeloma cells adapt to stress by inducing expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone with anti-apoptotic properties. Treatment of myeloma cells with bortezomib increased GRP78 levels and activated GRP78-dependent autophagy. Expression profiling indicated that GRP78-encoding HSPA5 was significantly upregulated in bortezomib-resistant cells. Co-treatment with the anti-diabetic agent metformin suppressed GRP78 and enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of bortezomib. Bortezomib treatment led to GRP78 co-localization with proteotoxic protein aggregates, known as aggresomes. Pharmacologic suppression, genetic ablation or mutational inactivation of GRP78 followed by bortezomib treatment led to the accumulation of aggresomes but impaired autophagy and enhanced anti-myeloma effect of bortezomib. GRP78 was co-immunoprecipitated with the KDEL receptor, an ER quality control regulator that binds proteins bearing the KDEL motif to mediate their retrieval from the Golgi complex back to the ER. Taken together, we demonstrate that inhibition of GRP78 functional activity disrupts autophagy and enhances the anti-myeloma effect of bortezomib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Y Abdel Malek
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sajjeev Jagannathan
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ehsan Malek
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Douaa M Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Elgammal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan G Abd El-Azeem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nabila M Thabet
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - James J Driscoll
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
464
|
Harrison SJ, Spencer A, Quach H. Myeloma of the central nervous system - an ongoing conundrum! Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:1505-6. [PMID: 26999494 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1154961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Harrison
- a The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | | | - Hang Quach
- c St Vincent's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
465
|
Bolomsky A, Schreder M, Hübl W, Zojer N, Hilbe W, Ludwig H. Monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG/CXCL9) is an independent prognostic factor in newly diagnosed myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2516-25. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1151511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
466
|
Treatment of multiple myeloma with high-risk cytogenetics: a consensus of the International Myeloma Working Group. Blood 2016; 127:2955-62. [PMID: 27002115 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-631200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The International Myeloma Working Group consensus updates the definition for high-risk (HR) multiple myeloma based on cytogenetics Several cytogenetic abnormalities such as t(4;14), del(17/17p), t(14;16), t(14;20), nonhyperdiploidy, and gain(1q) were identified that confer poor prognosis. The prognosis of patients showing these abnormalities may vary with the choice of therapy. Treatment strategies have shown promise for HR cytogenetic diseases, such as proteasome inhibition in combination with lenalidomide/pomalidomide, double autologous stem cell transplant plus bortezomib, or combination of immunotherapy with lenalidomide or pomalidomide. Careful analysis of cytogenetic subgroups in trials comparing different treatments remains an important goal. Cross-trial comparisons may provide insight into the effect of new drugs in patients with cytogenetic abnormalities. However, to achieve this, consensus on definitions of analytical techniques, proportion of abnormal cells, and treatment regimens is needed. Based on data available today, bortezomib and carfilzomib treatment appear to improve complete response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in t(4;14) and del(17/17p), whereas lenalidomide may be associated with improved progression-free survival in t(4;14) and del(17/17p). Patients with multiple adverse cytogenetic abnormalities do not benefit from these agents. FISH data are implemented in the revised International Staging System for risk stratification.
Collapse
|
467
|
Drug metabolism and clearance system in tumor cells of patients with multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6431-47. [PMID: 25669983 PMCID: PMC4467447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a major limitation of cancer treatments with several molecular mechanisms involved, in particular altered local drug metabolism and detoxification process. The role of drug metabolism and clearance system has not been satisfactorily investigated in Multiple Myeloma (MM), a malignant plasma cell cancer for which a majority of patients escapes treatment. The expression of 350 genes encoding for uptake carriers, xenobiotic receptors, phase I and II Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (DMEs) and efflux transporters was interrogated in MM cells (MMCs) of newly-diagnosed patients in relation to their event free survival. MMCs of patients with a favourable outcome have an increased expression of genes coding for xenobiotic receptors (RXRα, LXR, CAR and FXR) and accordingly of their gene targets, influx transporters and phase I/II DMEs. On the contrary, MMCs of patients with unfavourable outcome displayed a global down regulation of genes coding for xenobiotic receptors and the downstream detoxification genes but had a high expression of genes coding for ARNT and Nrf2 pathways and ABC transporters. Altogether, these data suggests ARNT and Nrf2 pathways could be involved in MM primary resistance and that targeting RXRα, PXR, LXR and FXR through agonists could open new perspectives to alleviate or reverse MM drug resistance.
Collapse
|
468
|
Di Martino MT, Arbitrio M, Guzzi PH, Cannataro M, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Experimental treatment of multiple myeloma in the era of precision medicine. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2016.1142356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
469
|
Katodritou E, Papadaki S, Konstantinidou P, Terpos E. Is it possible to cure myeloma without allogeneic transplantation? Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 54:63-70. [PMID: 26850930 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, a better understanding of the biology of multiple myeloma (MM) has led to the application of novel treatment strategies for MM patients. The new anti-myeloma regimens produce higher incidence of durable and of better quality responses and they improve overall survival, challenging the dogma of incurable disease, outside the context of allogeneic transplantation. This review presents all these strategies that aim to cure MM, including continuous treatment i.e. induction, consolidation and maintenance, treatment of asymptomatic MM and monitoring minimal residual disease using modern techniques, such as multi-parameter flow cytometry, molecular assays and advanced imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Katodritou
- Department of Hematology, Theagenion Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Greek Myeloma Study Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, Theagenion Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos Terpos
- Greek Myeloma Study Group, Athens, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
470
|
Fairfield H, Falank C, Avery L, Reagan MR. Multiple myeloma in the marrow: pathogenesis and treatments. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1364:32-51. [PMID: 27002787 PMCID: PMC4806534 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell malignancy resulting in osteolytic lesions and fractures. In the disease state, bone healing is limited owing to increased osteoclastic and decreased osteoblastic activity, as well as an MM-induced forward-feedback cycle where bone-embedded growth factors further enhance tumor progression as bone is resorbed. Recent work on somatic mutation in MM tumors has provided insight into cytogenetic changes associated with this disease; the initiating driver mutations causing MM are diverse because of the complexity and multitude of mutations inherent in MM tumor cells. This manuscript provides an overview of MM pathogenesis by summarizing cytogenic changes related to oncogenes and tumor suppressors associated with MM, reviewing risk factors, and describing the disease progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to overt MM. It also highlights the importance of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) in the establishment and progression of MM, as well as associated MM-induced bone disease, and the relationship of the bone marrow to current and future therapeutics. This review highlights why understanding the basic biology of the healthy and diseased BMM is crucial in the quest for better treatments and work toward a cure for genetically diverse diseases such as MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
- University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| |
Collapse
|
471
|
Light Chain Escape in 3 Cases: Evidence of Intraclonal Heterogeneity in Multiple Myeloma from a Single Institution in Poland. Case Rep Hematol 2015; 2015:809840. [PMID: 26881153 PMCID: PMC4736005 DOI: 10.1155/2015/809840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report three cases of light chain escape (LCE) at a single institution in Poland, including an interesting case of biclonal monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) that satisfied the criteria for progression to light chain multiple myeloma (LCMM) with a rapid rise in serum free light chain (FLC) levels, following steroidal treatment for simultaneous temporal artery inflammation and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). In the three cases discussed, progression of the disease by light chain escape was associated with rapid and severe renal impairment, highlighting the necessity for prompt detection of such free light chain-only producing clones in order to prevent the possible development of irreversible end-organ damage. Interestingly, monitoring of these three patients by serum free light chain assay (sFLC) and retrospective heavy/light chain analysis (HLC) detected this clonal evolution prior to clinical relapse and suggests that these assays represent important additional tools for more accurate monitoring of multiple myeloma patients.
Collapse
|
472
|
Alagpulinsa DA, Ayyadevara S, Yaccoby S, Shmookler Reis RJ. A Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, Dinaciclib, Impairs Homologous Recombination and Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to PARP Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:241-50. [PMID: 26719576 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PARP1/2 are required for single-strand break repair, and their inhibition causes DNA replication fork collapse and double-strand break (DSB) formation. These DSBs are primarily repaired via homologous recombination (HR), a high-fidelity repair pathway. Should HR be deficient, DSBs may be repaired via error-prone nonhomologous end-joining mechanisms, or may persist, ultimately resulting in cell death. The combined disruption of PARP and HR activities thus produces synthetic lethality. Multiple myeloma cells are characterized by chromosomal instability and pervasive DNA damage, implicating aberrant DNA repair. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), upstream modulators of HR, are dysregulated in multiple myeloma. Here, we show that a CDK inhibitor, dinaciclib, impairs HR repair and sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to the PARP1/2 inhibitor ABT-888. Dinaciclib abolishes ABT-888-induced BRCA1 and RAD51 foci and potentiates DNA damage, indicated by increased γH2AX foci. Dinaciclib treatment reduces expression of HR repair genes, including Rad51, and blocks BRCA1 phosphorylation, a modification required for HR repair, thus inhibiting HR repair of chromosome DSBs. Cotreatment with dinaciclib and ABT-888 in vitro resulted in synthetic lethality of multiple myeloma cells, but not normal CD19(+) B cells, and slowed growth of multiple myeloma xenografts in SCID mice almost two-fold. These findings support combining dinaciclib with PARP inhibitors for multiple myeloma therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(2); 241-50. ©2015 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Alagpulinsa
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas. Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas. Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Shmuel Yaccoby
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas. Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas.
| |
Collapse
|
473
|
Mitra AK, Mukherjee UK, Harding T, Jang JS, Stessman H, Li Y, Abyzov A, Jen J, Kumar S, Rajkumar V, Van Ness B. Single-cell analysis of targeted transcriptome predicts drug sensitivity of single cells within human myeloma tumors. Leukemia 2015; 30:1094-102. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
474
|
Deep Response in Multiple Myeloma: A Critical Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:832049. [PMID: 26783530 PMCID: PMC4689894 DOI: 10.1155/2015/832049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel and more effective treatment strategies against multiple myeloma (MM) have significantly prolonged patients' survival and raised interest in the depth of response and its association with clinical outcome. Minimal residual disease (MRD) has emerged as one of the most relevant prognostic factors in MM and should be included in a new definition of complete response (CR). Although further standardization is still required, MRD monitoring should be applied in prospective clinical trials as a sensitive tool to compare and evaluate the efficacy of different treatment strategies, particularly in the consolidation and maintenance settings, and implement individualized therapy-monitoring approaches. Here, we review current definition of deep response in MM, advantages and limitations of current MRD assessment assays, clinical evidences for MRD monitoring as a prognostic tool for therapeutic decisions in MM, and challenges to develop uniform criteria for MRD monitoring.
Collapse
|
475
|
Martínez-Moreno M, Leiva M, Aguilera-Montilla N, Sevilla-Movilla S, Isern de Val S, Arellano-Sánchez N, Gutiérrez NC, Maldonado R, Martínez-López J, Buño I, García-Marco JA, Sánchez-Mateos P, Hidalgo A, García-Pardo A, Teixidó J. In vivo adhesion of malignant B cells to bone marrow microvasculature is regulated by α4β1 cytoplasmic-binding proteins. Leukemia 2015; 30:861-72. [PMID: 26658839 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells must attach to the bone marrow (BM) microvasculature before lodging in the BM microenvironment. Using intravital microscopy (IVM) of the BM calvariae we demonstrate that the α4β1 integrin is required for MM and CLL cell firm arrest onto the BM microvasculature, while endothelial P-selectin and E-selectin mediate cell rolling. Talin, kindlin-3 and ICAP-1 are β1-integrin-binding partners that regulate β1-mediated cell adhesion. We show that talin and kindlin-3 cooperatively stimulate high affinity and strength of α4β1-dependent MM and CLL cell attachment, whereas ICAP-1 negatively regulates this adhesion. A functional connection between talin/kindlin-3 and Rac1 was found to be required for MM cell attachment mediated by α4β1. Importantly, IVM analyses with talin- and kindlin-3-silenced MM cells indicate that these proteins are needed for cell arrest on the BM microvasculature. Instead, MM cell arrest is repressed by ICAP-1. Moreover, MM cells silenced for talin and kindlin-3, and cultured on α4β1 ligands showed higher susceptibility to bortezomib-mediated cell apoptosis. Our results highlight the requirement of α4β1 and selectins for the in vivo attachment of MM and CLL cells to the BM microvasculature, and indicate that talin, kindlin-3 and ICAP-1 differentially control physiological adhesion by regulating α4β1 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Leiva
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Aguilera-Montilla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Sevilla-Movilla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Isern de Val
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - N Arellano-Sánchez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - N C Gutiérrez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - R Maldonado
- Section of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martínez-López
- Section of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Buño
- Section of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A García-Marco
- Hematology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Sánchez-Mateos
- Section of Immuno-Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A García-Pardo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Teixidó
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
476
|
Sathitruangsak C, Righolt CH, Klewes L, Tammur P, Ilus T, Tamm A, Punab M, Olujohungbe A, Mai S. Quantitative superresolution microscopy reveals differences in nuclear DNA organization of multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:704-10. [PMID: 25501803 PMCID: PMC5111765 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian nucleus has a distinct substructure that cannot be visualized directly by conventional microscopy. In this study, the organization of the DNA within the nucleus of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, their precursor cells (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance; MGUS) and control lymphocytes of the representative patients is visualized and quantified by superresolution microscopy. Three‐dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D‐SIM) increases the spatial resolution beyond the limits of conventional widefield fluorescence microscopy. 3D‐SIM reveals new insights into the nuclear architecture of cancer as we show for the first time that it resolves organizational differences in intranuclear DNA organization of myeloma cells in MGUS and in MM patients. In addition, we report a significant increase in nuclear submicron DNA structure and structure of the DNA‐free space in myeloma nuclei compared to normal lymphocyte nuclei. Our study provides previously unknown details of the nanoscopic DNA architecture of interphase nuclei of the normal lymphocytes, MGUS and MM cells. This study opens new avenues to understanding the disease progression from MGUS to MM. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 704–710, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chirawadee Sathitruangsak
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
477
|
Abstract
Abstract
Despite many recent advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma, the course of the disease is characterized by a repeating pattern of periods of remission and relapse as patients cycle through the available treatment options. Evidence is mounting that long-term maintenance therapy may help suppress residual disease after definitive therapy, prolonging remission and delaying relapse. For patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), lenalidomide maintenance therapy has been shown to improve progression-free survival (PFS); however, it is still unclear whether this translates into extended overall survival (OS). For patients ineligible for ASCT, continuous therapy with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone was shown to improve PFS and OS (interim analysis) compared with a standard, fixed-duration regimen of melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide in a large phase 3 trial. Other trials have also investigated thalidomide and bortezomib maintenance for ASCT patients, and both agents have been evaluated as continuous therapy for those who are ASCT ineligible. However, some important questions regarding the optimal regimen and duration of therapy must be answered by prospective clinical trials before maintenance therapy, and continuous therapy should be considered routine practice. This article reviews the available data on the use of maintenance or continuous therapy strategies and highlights ongoing trials that will help to further define the role of these strategies in the management of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Collapse
|
478
|
Lawson MA, McDonald MM, Kovacic N, Hua Khoo W, Terry RL, Down J, Kaplan W, Paton-Hough J, Fellows C, Pettitt JA, Neil Dear T, Van Valckenborgh E, Baldock PA, Rogers MJ, Eaton CL, Vanderkerken K, Pettit AR, Quinn JMW, Zannettino ACW, Phan TG, Croucher PI. Osteoclasts control reactivation of dormant myeloma cells by remodelling the endosteal niche. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8983. [PMID: 26632274 PMCID: PMC4686867 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is largely incurable, despite development of therapies that target myeloma cell-intrinsic pathways. Disease relapse is thought to originate from dormant myeloma cells, localized in specialized niches, which resist therapy and repopulate the tumour. However, little is known about the niche, and how it exerts cell-extrinsic control over myeloma cell dormancy and reactivation. In this study, we track individual myeloma cells by intravital imaging as they colonize the endosteal niche, enter a dormant state and subsequently become activated to form colonies. We demonstrate that dormancy is a reversible state that is switched ‘on' by engagement with bone-lining cells or osteoblasts, and switched ‘off' by osteoclasts remodelling the endosteal niche. Dormant myeloma cells are resistant to chemotherapy that targets dividing cells. The demonstration that the endosteal niche is pivotal in controlling myeloma cell dormancy highlights the potential for targeting cell-extrinsic mechanisms to overcome cell-intrinsic drug resistance and prevent disease relapse. Therapy resistant dormant myeloma cells contribute to disease relapse. Here, the authors use intravital microscopy to track the location of these cells and demonstrate that they hone to the endosteal niche within the bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Lawson
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Natasa Kovacic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Weng Hua Khoo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Rachael L Terry
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jenny Down
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Warren Kaplan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Julia Paton-Hough
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Clair Fellows
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jessica A Pettitt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - T Neil Dear
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Colby L Eaton
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Julian M W Quinn
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
479
|
Nikesitch N, Ling SCW. Molecular mechanisms in multiple myeloma drug resistance. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:97-101. [PMID: 26598624 PMCID: PMC4752637 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is predominantly an incurable malignancy despite high-dose chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplant and novel agents. MM is a genetically heterogeneous disease and the complexity increases as the disease progresses to a more aggressive stage. MM arises from a plasma cell, which produces and secretes non-functioning immunoglobulins. Most MM cells are sensitive to proteasome inhibitors (PIs), which have become the main drug in the treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed MM. However, not all MM is sensitive to PIs. This review summarises the literature regarding molecular biology of MM with a focus on the unfolded protein response and explores how this could affect drug sensitivity and progression of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Nikesitch
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia Haematology Research Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Silvia C W Ling
- Haematology Research Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia Department of Haematology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
480
|
Kryukova E, Kryukov F, Hajek R. Centrosome amplification and clonal evolution in multiple myeloma: Short review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 98:116-21. [PMID: 26589397 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is composed of an array of multiple clones, each potentially associated with different clinical behavior. Previous studies focused on clinical implication of centrosome amplification (CA) in MM show contradictory results. It seems that the role of CA as well as CA formation in MM differ from other malignancies. This has brought about a question about the role of CA positive clone which is--is it going to be a more aggressive clone evolutionally arising under pressure of negative conditions or can CA serve as a marker of cell abnormality and lead to cell death and further elimination of this damaged subpopulation? This current review is devoted to the discussion of the existence of MM subclones with centrosome amplification (CA), its evolutionary behaviour within intraclonal heterogeneity as well as its potential impact on the disease progression and MM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kryukova
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Fedor Kryukov
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
481
|
Walker BA, Boyle EM, Wardell CP, Murison A, Begum DB, Dahir NM, Proszek PZ, Johnson DC, Kaiser MF, Melchor L, Aronson LI, Scales M, Pawlyn C, Mirabella F, Jones JR, Brioli A, Mikulasova A, Cairns DA, Gregory WM, Quartilho A, Drayson MT, Russell N, Cook G, Jackson GH, Leleu X, Davies FE, Morgan GJ. Mutational Spectrum, Copy Number Changes, and Outcome: Results of a Sequencing Study of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3911-20. [PMID: 26282654 PMCID: PMC6485456 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE At the molecular level, myeloma is characterized by copy number abnormalities and recurrent translocations into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Novel methods, such as massively parallel sequencing, have begun to describe the pattern of tumor-acquired mutations, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing for 463 patients who presented with myeloma and were enrolled onto the National Cancer Research Institute Myeloma XI trial, for whom complete molecular cytogenetic and clinical outcome data were available. RESULTS We identified 15 significantly mutated genes: IRF4, KRAS, NRAS, MAX, HIST1H1E, RB1, EGR1, TP53, TRAF3, FAM46C, DIS3, BRAF, LTB, CYLD, and FGFR3. The mutational spectrum is dominated by mutations in the RAS (43%) and nuclear factor-κB (17%) pathways, but although they are prognostically neutral, they could be targeted therapeutically. Mutations in CCND1 and DNA repair pathway alterations (TP53, ATM, ATR, and ZNFHX4 mutations) are associated with a negative impact on survival. In contrast, those in IRF4 and EGR1 are associated with a favorable overall survival. We combined these novel mutation risk factors with the recurrent molecular adverse features and international staging system to generate an international staging system mutation score that can identify a high-risk population of patients who experience relapse and die prematurely. CONCLUSION We have refined our understanding of genetic events in myeloma and identified clinically relevant mutations that may be used to better stratify patients at presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Walker
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eileen M Boyle
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christopher P Wardell
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alex Murison
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dil B Begum
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nasrin M Dahir
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paula Z Proszek
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - David C Johnson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Martin F Kaiser
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lorenzo Melchor
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lauren I Aronson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Matthew Scales
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Pawlyn
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabio Mirabella
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - John R Jones
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Annamaria Brioli
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aneta Mikulasova
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - David A Cairns
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Walter M Gregory
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ana Quartilho
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mark T Drayson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nigel Russell
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gordon Cook
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Graham H Jackson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Leleu
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Faith E Davies
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
482
|
Willenbacher W, Willenbacher E, Zelle-Rieser C, Biedermann R, Weger R, Jöhrer K, Brunner A. Bone marrow microenvironmental CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocyte infiltration patterns define overall- and progression free survival in standard risk multiple myeloma--an analysis from the Austrian Myeloma Registry. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:1478-81. [PMID: 26413883 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1099646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Willenbacher
- a Internal Medicine V - Hematology and Oncology , Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria ;,b Area 4 Health Technology Assessment and Bioinformatics, ONCOTYROL - Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Ella Willenbacher
- a Internal Medicine V - Hematology and Oncology , Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | | | - Rainer Biedermann
- d Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Roman Weger
- b Area 4 Health Technology Assessment and Bioinformatics, ONCOTYROL - Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Karin Jöhrer
- c Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Andrea Brunner
- e Department of Pathology, Division of General Pathology , Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
483
|
Clinical value of molecular subtyping multiple myeloma using gene expression profiling. Leukemia 2015; 30:423-30. [PMID: 26526987 PMCID: PMC4740265 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Using a data set of 1217 patients with multiple myeloma enrolled in Total Therapies, we have examined the impact of novel therapies on molecular and risk subgroups and the clinical value of molecular classification. Bortezomib significantly improved the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the MMSET (MS) subgroup. Thalidomide and bortezomib positively impacted the PFS of low-risk (LoR) cases defined by the GEP70 signature, whereas high-risk (HiR) cases showed no significant changes in outcome. We show that molecular classification is important if response rates are to be used to predict outcomes. The t(11;14)-containing CD-1 and CD-2 subgroups showed clear differences in time to response and cumulative response rates but similar PFS and OS. Furthermore, complete remission was not significantly associated with the outcome of the MAF/MAFB (MF) subgroup or HiR cases. HiR cases were enriched in the MF, MS and proliferation subgroups, but the poor outcome of these groups was not linked to subgroup-specific characteristics such as MAF overexpression per se. It is especially important to define risk status if HiR cases are to be managed appropriately because of their aggressive clinical course, high rates of early relapse and the need to maintain therapeutic pressure on the clone.
Collapse
|
484
|
Mechanisms and Clinical Applications of Genome Instability in Multiple Myeloma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:943096. [PMID: 26579543 PMCID: PMC4633548 DOI: 10.1155/2015/943096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing genomic instability represents a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, which manifests largely as whole chromosome- or translocation-based aneuploidy. Importantly, although it supports tumorigenesis, progression and, response to treatment in MM patients, it remains one of the least understood components of malignant transformation in terms of molecular basis. Therefore these aspects make the comprehension of genomic instability a pioneering strategy for novel therapeutic and clinical speculations to use in the management of MM patients. Here we will review mechanisms mediating genomic instability in MM cells with an emphasis placed on pathogenic mutations affecting DNA recombination, replication and repair, telomere function and mitotic regulation of spindle attachment, centrosome function, and chromosomal segregation. We will discuss the mechanisms by which genetic aberrations give rise to multiple pathogenic events required for myelomagenesis and conclude with a discussion of the clinical applications of these findings in MM patients.
Collapse
|
485
|
Lunning MA, Green MR. Mutation of chromatin modifiers; an emerging hallmark of germinal center B-cell lymphomas. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e361. [PMID: 26473533 PMCID: PMC4635197 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas align with different stages of B-cell development. Germinal center B-cell (GCB)-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) each share molecular similarities with normal GCB cells. Recent next-generation sequencing studies have gained insight into the genetic etiology of these malignancies and revealed a high frequency of mutations within genes encoding proteins that modifying chromatin. These include activating and inactivating mutations of genes that perform post-translational modification of histones and organize chromatin structure. Here, we discuss the function of histone acetyltransferases (CREBBP, EP300), histone methyltransferases (KDM2C/D, EZH2) and regulators of higher order chromatin structure (HIST1H1C/D/E, ARID1A and SMARCA4) that have been reported to be mutated in ⩾5% of DLBCL, FL or BL. Mutations of these genes are an emerging hallmark of lymphomas with GCB-cell origins, and likely represent the next generation of therapeutic targets for these malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Lunning
- Lymphoma Precision Medicine Laboratory, Dr James O Armitage Center for Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M R Green
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
486
|
Search for familial clustering of multiple myeloma with any cancer. Leukemia 2015; 30:627-32. [PMID: 26449663 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells, which reside mainly in the bone marrow. Family members of MM patients are at a risk of MM, but whether other malignancies are in excess in family members is not established and is the aim of this study. MM patients (24 137) were identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1958 to 2012. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated for MM defined by any cancer diagnosed in first-degree relatives and compared with individuals whose relatives had no cancer. MM was reliably associated with relative's colorectal, breast and prostate cancers, non-thyroid endocrine tumors, leukemia and cancer of unknown primary; in addition, MM was associated with subsites of bone and connective tissue tumors and of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinema (RR 3.47). MM showed a strong association (RR 1.91) in colorectal cancer families, possibly as part of an unidentified syndrome. All the associations of MM with discordant cancers are novel suggesting that MM shares genetic susceptibility with many cancers. The associations of MM bone and connective tissue tumors were supported by at least two independent results. Whether the results signal bone-related biology shared by MM and these tumors deserves further study.
Collapse
|
487
|
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy in which significant advances have been observed during the last 15 years. Our understanding of the disease has been advanced through its molecular characterization. We have also seen improvements in patient care with the development of 2 new classes of active agents, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), resulting in a significant improvement in overall survival of myeloma patients such that it can now be debated as to whether some subsets of myeloma patients can be cured. However, the advances in our understanding of myeloma biology occurred in parallel with advances in treatment as opposed to being directly informed by the research. Moreover, the molecular characterization of malignant plasma cells would not have predicted the effectiveness of these novel therapies.We hypothesize that proteasome inhibitors and IMiDs are highly active because malignant plasma cells are constrained by many of the characteristics of their normal counterparts and these novel therapies target both normal plasma cell biology and the cancer biology of myeloma. Thus, a better understanding of normal plasma cell biology will likely yield as many actionable targets as mapping the genomic landscape of this disease.
Collapse
|
488
|
Colombo M, Galletti S, Garavelli S, Platonova N, Paoli A, Basile A, Taiana E, Neri A, Chiaramonte R. Notch signaling deregulation in multiple myeloma: A rational molecular target. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26826-40. [PMID: 26308486 PMCID: PMC4694956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable neoplasia due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy. Myeloma cell localization in the bone marrow milieu allows direct interactions between tumor cells and non-tumor bone marrow cells which promote neoplastic cell growth, survival, bone disease, acquisition of drug resistance and consequent relapse. Twenty percent of MM patients are at high-risk of treatment failure as defined by tumor markers or presentation as plasma cell leukemia. Cumulative evidences indicate a key role of Notch signaling in multiple myeloma onset and progression. Unlike other Notch-related malignancies, where the majority of patients carry gain-of-function mutations in Notch pathway members, in MM cell Notch signaling is aberrantly activated due to an increased expression of Notch receptors and ligands; notably, this also results in the activation of Notch signaling in surrounding stromal cells which contributes to myeloma cell proliferation, survival and migration, as well as to bone disease and intrinsic and acquired pharmacological resistance. Here we review the last findings on the mechanisms and the effects of Notch signaling dysregulation in MM and provide a rationale for a therapeutic strategy aiming at inhibiting Notch signaling, along with a complete overview on the currently available Notch-directed approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Galletti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Garavelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Natalia Platonova
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Basile
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Chiaramonte
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
489
|
Karadimitris A, Chaidos A, Caputo V, Goudevenou K, Ponnusamy K, Xiao X. Myeloma Propagating Cells, Drug Resistance and Relapse. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3205-11. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Karadimitris
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London United Kingdom
| | - Aristeidis Chaidos
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Caputo
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Goudevenou
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Kanagaraju Ponnusamy
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
490
|
Wong KY, Li Z, Zhang X, Leung GKK, Chan GCF, Chim CS. Epigenetic silencing of a long non-coding RNA KIAA0495 in multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:175. [PMID: 26410378 PMCID: PMC4583761 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, a long non-coding RNA, KIAA0495 (alias PDAM/TP73-AS1), had been found progressively downregulated from normal plasma cell to benign monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to symptomatic myeloma. Herein, by methylation-specific PCR, the putative KIAA0495 promoter was found unmethylated in all healthy controls (N = 14) but methylated in 50 % of myeloma cell lines (N = 10). KIAA0495 methylation was shown inversely correlated with KIAA0495 expression. However, KIAA0495 methylation was detected in none of both primary myeloma samples at diagnosis (N = 61) and at relapse/progression (N = 16). Collectively, despite frequently methylated in cell lines, KIAA0495 methylation appeared unimportant in the pathogenesis or progression of myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Zhenhai Li
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Gilberto Ka Kit Leung
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
491
|
Abstract
Introduction It is understood that cancer is a clonal disease initiated by a single cell, and that metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from the primary site, is also initiated by a single cell. The seemingly natural capability of cancer to adapt dynamically in a Darwinian manner is a primary reason for therapeutic failures. Survival advantages may be induced by cancer therapies and also occur as a result of inherent cell and microenvironmental factors. The selected "more fit" clones outmatch their competition and then become dominant in the tumor via propagation of progeny. This clonal expansion leads to relapse, therapeutic resistance and eventually death. The goal of this study is to develop and demonstrate a more detailed clonality approach by utilizing integrative genomics. Methods Patient tumor samples were profiled by Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and RNA-seq on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 and methylation profiling was performed on the Illumina Infinium 450K array. STAR and the Haplotype Caller were used for RNA-seq processing. Custom approaches were used for the integration of the multi-omic datasets. Results Reported are major enhancements to CloneViz, which now provides capabilities enabling a formal tumor multi-dimensional clonality analysis by integrating: i) DNA mutations, ii) RNA expressed mutations, and iii) DNA methylation data. RNA and DNA methylation integration were not previously possible, by CloneViz (previous version) or any other clonality method to date. This new approach, named iCloneViz (integrated CloneViz) employs visualization and quantitative methods, revealing an integrative genomic mutational dissection and traceability (DNA, RNA, epigenetics) thru the different layers of molecular structures. Conclusion The iCloneViz approach can be used for analysis of clonal evolution and mutational dynamics of multi-omic data sets. Revealing tumor clonal complexity in an integrative and quantitative manner facilitates improved mutational characterization, understanding, and therapeutic assignments.
Collapse
|
492
|
Lopez A, Mateos MV, Oriol A, Valero M, Martínez J, Lorenzo JI, Perez M, Martinez R, de Paz R, Granell M, De Arriba F, Blanchard MJ, Peñalver FJ, Bello JL, Martin ML, Bargay J, Blade J, Lahuerta JJ, San Miguel JF, de la Rubia J. Patterns of relapse and outcome of elderly multiple myeloma patients treated as front-line therapy with novel agents combinations. Leuk Res Rep 2015; 4:64-9. [PMID: 26500850 PMCID: PMC4588395 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the characteristics of relapse, treatment response, and outcomes of 145 elderly patients with multiple myeloma in first relapse after front-line treatment with VMP or VTP. Reappearance of CRAB symptoms (113 patients) and more aggressive forms of disease (32 patients) were the most common patterns of relapse. After second-line therapy, 75 (51.7%) patients achieved at partial response and 16 (11%) complete response (CR). Overall survival was longer among patients receiving VMP as front-line induction (21.4 vs. 14.4 months, P=0.037), in patients achieving CR (28.3 vs. 14.8 months; P=0.04), and in patients without aggressive relapse (28.6 vs. 7.6 months; P=0.0007).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Lopez
- Hematology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Albert Oriol
- Hematology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Valero
- Hematology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Martinez
- Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel de Paz
- Hematology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Granell
- Hematology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jose Luis Bello
- Hematology, Complejo Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Joan Bargay
- Hematology, Hospital Sont Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Blade
- Hematology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier de la Rubia
- Hematology Service, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Avda. Gaspar Aguilar, 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain ; Universidad Católica "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
493
|
Zhou M, Zhao H, Wang Z, Cheng L, Yang L, Shi H, Yang H, Sun J. Identification and validation of potential prognostic lncRNA biomarkers for predicting survival in patients with multiple myeloma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:102. [PMID: 26362431 PMCID: PMC4567800 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to have oncogenic and/or tumor suppressive roles in the development and progression of cancer, implying their potentials as novel independent biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the prognostic significance of expression profile-based lncRNA signature for outcome prediction in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has not yet been investigated. Methods LncRNA expression profiles of a large cohort of patients with MM were obtained and analyzed by repurposing the publically available microarray data. An lncRNA-focus risk score model was developed from the training dataset, and then validated in the testing and another two independent external datasets. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prognostic performance for survival prediction. The biological function of prognostic lncRNAs was predicted using bioinformatics analysis. Results Four lncRNAs were identified to be significantly associated with overall survival (OS) of patients with MM in the training dataset, and were combined to develop a four-lncRNA prognostic signature to stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Patients of training dataset in the high-risk group exhibited shorter OS than those in the low-risk group (HR = 2.718, 95 % CI = 1.937-3.815, p <0.001). The similar prognostic values of four-lncRNA signature were observed in the testing dataset, entire GSE24080 dataset and another two independent external datasets. Multivariate Cox regression and stratified analysis showed that the prognostic power of four-lncRNA signature was independent of clinical features, including serum beta 2-microglobulin (Sβ2M), serum albumin (ALB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). ROC analysis also demonstrated the better performance for predicting 3-year OS. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that these four lncRNAs may be involved in known genetic and epigenetic events linked to MM. Conclusions Our results demonstrated potential application of lncRNAs as novel independent biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in MM. These lncRNA biomarkers may contribute to the understanding of underlying molecular basis of MM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0219-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Shi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Haixiu Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
494
|
Targeted Therapies in Adult B-Cell Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:217593. [PMID: 26425544 PMCID: PMC4575712 DOI: 10.1155/2015/217593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
B-lymphocytes are programmed for the production of immunoglobulin (Ig) after antigen presentation, in the context of T-lymphocyte control within lymphoid organs. During this differentiation/activation process, B-lymphocytes exhibit different restricted or common surface markers, activation of cellular pathways that regulate cell cycle, metabolism, proteasome activity, and protein synthesis. All molecules involved in these different cellular mechanisms are potent therapeutic targets. Nowadays, due to the progress of the biology, more and more targeted drugs are identified, a situation that is correlated with an extended field of the targeted therapy. The full knowledge of the cellular machinery and cell-cell communication allows making the best choice to treat patients, in the context of personalized medicine. Also, focus should not be restricted to the immediate effects observed as clinical endpoints, that is, response rate, survival markers with conventional statistical methods, but it should consider the prediction of different clinical consequences due to other collateral drug targets, based on new methodologies. This means that new reflection and new bioclinical follow-up have to be monitored, particularly with the new drugs used with success in B-cell malignancies. This review discussed the principal aspects of such evident bioclinical progress.
Collapse
|
495
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the recent progress in defining the patterns of genetic evolution giving rise to relapse in follicular lymphoma and multiple myeloma, and discusses their implications with respect to 'personalized medicine'. RECENT FINDINGS High-throughput sequencing studies have uncovered a large degree of clonal heterogeneity within tumors, and found that subclones have a variable contribution to relapse. Recent studies aimed at defining patterns of clonal evolution have revealed that serial tumors in some malignancies share their ancestry in a less evolved common progenitor cell (CPC) that bears only a subset of the mutations that are present in the fully evolved tumors that present clinically. This pattern of 'divergent evolution' means that the majority of 'actionable mutations' in tumor specimens are absent within the progenitors that give rise to relapse. SUMMARY Follicular lymphoma and multiple myeloma are clinically, biologically and genetically distinct mature B-cell malignancies. However, recent studies have found them to share important similarities in their patterns of genetic evolution. Tumor cells that constitute subclonal populations within these tumors, or between consecutive tumors, share their origins within a genetically less evolved common progenitor cell. This pattern of evolution indicates that current therapies are unable to eradicate these less evolved populations that are at the root of relapse. This suggests that in order to obtain the best results with modern 'targeted therapies' that are directed towards 'actionable mutations', these mutations should be considered within the context of the evolutionary stage at which mutations are acquired, not simply on a presence or absence basis.
Collapse
|
496
|
Bories C, Jagannath S. Asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathies. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 14 Suppl:S78-86. [PMID: 25486961 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) represent the earlier phases of plasma cell dyscrasias. Their definition is based on absence of end-organ damage with presence of a malignant clone that grows in the bone marrow. They share, as a common feature, the risk of progression to a symptomatic disease. MGUS progression risk is approximately 1% per year, and SMM has a risk of progression of 10% for the first 5 years which tapers off over time. The main purpose of identification of these earlier phases of the plasma cell dyscrasia was to identify patients who do not warrant treatment with chemotherapy, in whom the risk of treatment outweighs the benefit. Over the years, the definitions have not been modified to incorporate developments in imaging (magnetic resonance or positron emission and computed tomography), or genomics to identify patients at highest risk of progression within 2 years, where wait and watch might not be an appropriate option. In the absence of such definition, patients who have only a 50% chance of progression within 2 years are being offered therapy, which might also not be an optimal approach. In this review, we provide an overview of the definition, current prognostic factors, and risk stratifications in asymptomatic gammopathies, and discuss clinical trial outcomes in high-risk SMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sundar Jagannath
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mt Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
497
|
Brioli A, Melchor L, Walker BA, Davies FE, Morgan GJ. Biology and treatment of myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 14 Suppl:S65-70. [PMID: 25486959 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years significant progress has been made in the understanding of multiple myeloma (MM) biology and its treatment. Current strategies for the treatment of MM involve the concept of sequential blocks of therapy given as an induction followed by consolidation and maintenance. In an age characterized by emerging and more powerful laboratory techniques, it is of primary importance to understand the biology of MM and how this biology can guide the development of new treatment strategies. This review focuses on the genetic basis of myeloma, including the most common genetic abnormalities and pathways affected and the effects that these have on MM treatment strategies. MM biology is discussed also in the light of more recent theory of intraclonal heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Brioli
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Istituto di Ematologia Seràgnoli, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Melchor
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian A Walker
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faith E Davies
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
498
|
Korde N, Mailankody S, Landgren O. The road to treating smoldering multiple myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 14 Suppl:S59-64. [PMID: 25486957 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The management of smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) has been a challenge to clinicians, ever since the condition was first characterized in 1980. While the risk of progression to symptomatic myeloma is greater for SMM (10% per year) compared to MGUS (1% per year), several SMM patients remain asymptomatic for years without evidence of disease progression. Early clinical trials focusing on early treatment of SMM have been equivocal with no clear benefit. However, the last decade has seen a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of plasma cell disorders, including SMM, and development of better therapeutics. A recent randomized trial has provided evidence of clinical benefit with early treatment of high-risk SMM. In this review, we summarize issues related to the early treatment of SMM including risk stratification and possible outcomes with therapy initiation. In the context of reviewing recent clinical trial data supporting early treatment, we define challenges faced by clinicians and provide future directions to the road to treating SMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Korde
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ola Landgren
- Multiple Myeloma Section, Lymphoid Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
499
|
Ríos-Tamayo R, Sánchez MJ, Puerta JM, Sáinz J, Chang DYL, Rodríguez T, López P, de Pablos JM, Navarro P, de Veas JLG, Romero A, Garrido P, Moratalla L, Alarcón-Payer C, López-Fernández E, González PA, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Calleja-Hernández MÁ, Jurado M. Trends in survival of multiple myeloma: a thirty-year population-based study in a single institution. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:693-9. [PMID: 26277330 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the progress made in recent years, multiple myeloma is still considered an incurable disease. Most survival data come from clinical trials. Little is known about the outcome in unselected real-life patients. METHODS Overall survival was analyzed in a cohort of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma patients, over the last three decades, in a single institution population-based study. RESULTS 582 consecutive myeloma patients were included in the study. Survival increased over time in patients younger than 65 years but did not reach statistical significance in patients with 65 years or older. The prognostic factors associated with overall survival were the International Staging System, the serum lactate dehydrogenase level, the renal impairment, the realization of autologous stem cell transplantation, and the presence of concomitant amyloidosis. Overall survival shows a steady improvement over time. INTERPRETATION The survival of myeloma is improving progressively in real-life patients, particularly after the widespread use of the novel agents. A comprehensive assessment of comorbidity can help to explain the huge heterogeneity of myeloma outcome. The optimization of current therapeutic resources as well as the incorporation of new drugs will allow further improvement of survival in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ríos-Tamayo
- Monoclonal Gammopathies Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - María José Sánchez
- Granada Cancer Registry, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Puerta
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Sáinz
- Monoclonal Gammopathies Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Daysi-Yoe-Ling Chang
- Granada Cancer Registry, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Rodríguez
- Department of Inmunology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar López
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - José María de Pablos
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Garrido
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Moratalla
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Pharmacy Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Jurado
- Monoclonal Gammopathies Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
500
|
Mithraprabhu S, Kalff A, Chow A, Khong T, Spencer A. Dysregulated Class I histone deacetylases are indicators of poor prognosis in multiple myeloma. Epigenetics 2015; 9:1511-20. [PMID: 25482492 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.983367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) control gene expression through their ability to acetylate proteins, thereby influencing a diverse range of cellular functions. Class I HDAC (HDAC1-3 and 8) and HDAC6 are predominantly upregulated in malignancies and their altered expression in some cancers has a significant prognostic implication. The expression and prognostic consequence of dysregulated Class I HDAC and HDAC6, key players in multiple myeloma (MM), are unknown. This study hypothesized that HDAC are dysregulated in MM and patients with high expression have significantly poorer prognostic outcomes. Quantitative PCR for 11 HDAC (Class I, II, and IV) was performed in genetically heterogeneous human myeloma cell lines (HMCL) and primary MM and compared to normal plasma cells (PC). In HMCL, HDAC1-3 and 8 (Class I), and HDAC5 and HDAC10 (Class II) were significantly upregulated compared to normal PC. In primary MM, the median expression level of all of the HDAC, except HDAC1 and HDAC11, were elevated when compared to normal PC. Patients with higher levels of HDAC1-3, HDAC4, HDAC6, and HDAC11 transcripts demonstrated a significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS). Immunohistochemical staining for HDAC1 and HDAC6 on bone marrow trephines from a uniformly treated cohort of transplant eligible MM patients revealed that HDAC1 protein was detectable in most patients and that higher levels of MM cell HDAC1 protein expression (≥90 % versus ≤20 % MM cell positivity) correlated with both shorter PFS (P = 0 .07) and shorter overall survival (P = 0 .003). Conversely, while the majority of patients expressed HDAC6, there was no correlation between HDAC6 levels and patient outcome. Together, these results indicate that overexpression of Class I HDAC, particularly HDAC1, is associated with poor prognosis in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sridurga Mithraprabhu
- a Myeloma Research Group; Division of Blood Cancers; Australian Center for Blood Diseases; Alfred Hospital; Monash University ; Melbourne , Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|