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Went M, Sud A, Speedy H, Sunter NJ, Försti A, Law PJ, Johnson DC, Mirabella F, Holroyd A, Li N, Orlando G, Weinhold N, van Duin M, Chen B, Mitchell JS, Mansouri L, Juliusson G, Smedby KE, Jayne S, Majid A, Dearden C, Allsup DJ, Bailey JR, Pratt G, Pepper C, Fegan C, Rosenquist R, Kuiper R, Stephens OW, Bertsch U, Broderick P, Einsele H, Gregory WM, Hillengass J, Hoffmann P, Jackson GH, Jöckel KH, Nickel J, Nöthen MM, da Silva Filho MI, Thomsen H, Walker BA, Broyl A, Davies FE, Hansson M, Goldschmidt H, Dyer MJS, Kaiser M, Sonneveld P, Morgan GJ, Hemminki K, Nilsson B, Catovsky D, Allan JM, Houlston RS. Genetic correlation between multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia provides evidence for shared aetiology. Blood Cancer J 2018; 9:1. [PMID: 30602759 PMCID: PMC6315026 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustering of different types of B-cell malignancies in families raises the possibility of shared aetiology. To examine this, we performed cross-trait linkage disequilibrium (LD)-score regression of multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets, totalling 11,734 cases and 29,468 controls. A significant genetic correlation between these two B-cell malignancies was shown (Rg = 0.4, P = 0.0046). Furthermore, four of the 45 known CLL risk loci were shown to associate with MM risk and five of the 23 known MM risk loci associate with CLL risk. By integrating eQTL, Hi-C and ChIP-seq data, we show that these pleiotropic risk loci are enriched for B-cell regulatory elements and implicate B-cell developmental genes. These data identify shared biological pathways influencing the development of CLL and, MM and further our understanding of the aetiological basis of these B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Went
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Helen Speedy
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Nicola J Sunter
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Asta Försti
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - David C Johnson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Fabio Mirabella
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amy Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ni Li
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Niels Weinhold
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark van Duin
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bowang Chen
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Larry Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Juliusson
- Lund Strategic Research Center for Stem Cell Biology and Cell Therapy, Hematology and Transplantation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandrine Jayne
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Aneela Majid
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Claire Dearden
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - David J Allsup
- Department of Haematology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - James R Bailey
- Hull York Medical School and University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Guy Pratt
- Department of Haematology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Pepper
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris Fegan
- Cardiff and Vale National Health Service Trust, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rowan Kuiper
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Owen W Stephens
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Uta Bertsch
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Centre of Tumor Diseases, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | | | - Walter M Gregory
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9PH, UK
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jolanta Nickel
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Hauke Thomsen
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brian A Walker
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Annemiek Broyl
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Faith E Davies
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Markus Hansson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmo, Sweden
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, SE-221 84 Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Centre of Tumor Diseases, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin J S Dyer
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Martin Kaiser
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Kari Hemminki
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, SE-221 84 Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Catovsky
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - James M Allan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
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Walker BA, Boyle EM, Wardell CP, Murison A, Begum DB, Dahir NM, Proszek PZ, Johnson DC, Kaiser MF, Melchor L, Aronson LI, Scales M, Pawlyn C, Mirabella F, Jones JR, Brioli A, Mikulasova A, Cairns DA, Gregory WM, Quartilho A, Drayson MT, Russell N, Cook G, Jackson GH, Leleu X, Davies FE, Morgan GJ. Mutational Spectrum, Copy Number Changes, and Outcome: Results of a Sequencing Study of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3911-20. [PMID: 26282654 PMCID: PMC6485456 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE At the molecular level, myeloma is characterized by copy number abnormalities and recurrent translocations into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Novel methods, such as massively parallel sequencing, have begun to describe the pattern of tumor-acquired mutations, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing for 463 patients who presented with myeloma and were enrolled onto the National Cancer Research Institute Myeloma XI trial, for whom complete molecular cytogenetic and clinical outcome data were available. RESULTS We identified 15 significantly mutated genes: IRF4, KRAS, NRAS, MAX, HIST1H1E, RB1, EGR1, TP53, TRAF3, FAM46C, DIS3, BRAF, LTB, CYLD, and FGFR3. The mutational spectrum is dominated by mutations in the RAS (43%) and nuclear factor-κB (17%) pathways, but although they are prognostically neutral, they could be targeted therapeutically. Mutations in CCND1 and DNA repair pathway alterations (TP53, ATM, ATR, and ZNFHX4 mutations) are associated with a negative impact on survival. In contrast, those in IRF4 and EGR1 are associated with a favorable overall survival. We combined these novel mutation risk factors with the recurrent molecular adverse features and international staging system to generate an international staging system mutation score that can identify a high-risk population of patients who experience relapse and die prematurely. CONCLUSION We have refined our understanding of genetic events in myeloma and identified clinically relevant mutations that may be used to better stratify patients at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Walker
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eileen M Boyle
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christopher P Wardell
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alex Murison
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dil B Begum
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nasrin M Dahir
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paula Z Proszek
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - David C Johnson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Martin F Kaiser
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lorenzo Melchor
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lauren I Aronson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Matthew Scales
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Pawlyn
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabio Mirabella
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - John R Jones
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Annamaria Brioli
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aneta Mikulasova
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - David A Cairns
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Walter M Gregory
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ana Quartilho
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mark T Drayson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nigel Russell
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gordon Cook
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Graham H Jackson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Leleu
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Faith E Davies
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.
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