501
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Effect of resveratrol on hematological and biochemical alterations in rats exposed to fluoride. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:698628. [PMID: 24995323 PMCID: PMC4068056 DOI: 10.1155/2014/698628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects of resveratrol on hematological and biochemical changes induced by fluoride in rats. A total of 28 rats were divided into 4 groups: control, resveratrol, fluoride, and fluoride/resveratrol (n = 7 each), for a total of 21 days of treatment. Blood samples were taken and hematological and biochemical parameters were measured. Compared to the control group, the fluoride-treated group showed significant differences in several hematological parameters, including decreases in WBC, RBC, and PLT counts and neutrophil ratio. The group that received resveratrol alone showed a decrease in WBC count compared to the control group. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, the fluoride group showed significantly increased ALT enzyme activity and decreased inorganic phosphorus level. The hematological and biochemical parameters in the fluoride + resveratrol treated group were similar to control group. In the fluoride + resveratrol group, resveratrol restored the changes observed following fluoride treatment, including decreased counts of WBC, RBC, and PLT, decreased neutrophil ratio and inorganic phosphorus levels, and elevated ALT enzyme activity. The present study showed that fluoride caused adverse effects in rats and that resveratrol reduced hematological and biochemical alterations produced by fluoride exposure.
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502
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Xu S, Yang Y, Han S, Wu Z. ZIP1 and zinc inhibits fluoride-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:399-409. [PMID: 24752969 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Excess fluoride intake could induce apoptosis in the cells. As an essential micronutrient and cytoprotectant, zinc is involved in many types of apoptosis. Here, we studied the effects of zinc and ZIP1 on fluoride-induced apoptosis in mouse MC3T3-E1 cells and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our study found that fluoride not only inhibited cell proliferation and increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also induced cell apoptosis. Whereas pretreatment with zinc significantly attenuated fluoride-induced ROS production and partly protected cells against fluoride-induced apoptosis through MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Our study also found that fluoride upregulated the expression of ZIP1 in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, overexpression of ZIP1 also inhibited fluoride-induced apoptosis by activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. This cytoprotective effect of zinc and ZIP1 may be new factors that affect the physiological activity of fluoride and need study further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
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503
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Atmaca N, Atmaca HT, Kanici A, Anteplioglu T. Protective effect of resveratrol on sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:191-7. [PMID: 24857819 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protective effect of resveratrol on sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity were studied in rats. A total of 28 Wistar albino male rats were used. Four study groups were randomly formed with seven animals in each. The groups were treated for 21days with distilled water (control group), with water containing 100ppm fluoride (fluoride group), with resveratrol (12.5mg/kg i.p., resveratrol group), or with 100ppm fluoride+12.5mg/kg resveratrol i.p. (fluoride+resveratrol group). At the end of the trial, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and tissue samples were taken simultaneously. The total antioxidant and oxidant status in plasma and tissues as well as plasma 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were measured. Histopathological analyses of rat liver and brain tissues were performed in all groups to identify any changes. In the fluoride group, the total oxidant levels increased in plasma, liver and brain and total antioxidant levels decreased, as did the plasma 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels. These changes were prevented by co-administration of resveratrol. In addition, fluoride-associated severe histopathological changes in brain and liver tissues were not observed in the fluoride+resveratrol group. Consequently, these data suggested that resveratrol had beneficial effects in alleviating fluoride-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgul Atmaca
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kirikkale, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Tarik Atmaca
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kirikkale, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Kanici
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Tugce Anteplioglu
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kirikkale, Turkey.
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504
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Genes and gene networks involved in sodium fluoride-elicited cell death accompanying endoplasmic reticulum stress in oral epithelial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8959-78. [PMID: 24853129 PMCID: PMC4057769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cell death induced by sodium fluoride (NaF), we analyzed gene expression patterns in rat oral epithelial ROE2 cells exposed to NaF using global-scale microarrays and bioinformatics tools. A relatively high concentration of NaF (2 mM) induced cell death concomitant with decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential, chromatin condensation and caspase-3 activation. Using 980 probe sets, we identified 432 up-regulated and 548 down-regulated genes, that were differentially expressed by >2.5-fold in the cells treated with 2 mM of NaF and categorized them into 4 groups by K-means clustering. Ingenuity® pathway analysis revealed several gene networks from gene clusters. The gene networks Up-I and Up-II included many up-regulated genes that were mainly associated with the biological function of induction or prevention of cell death, respectively, such as Atf3, Ddit3 and Fos (for Up-I) and Atf4 and Hspa5 (for Up-II). Interestingly, knockdown of Ddit3 and Hspa5 significantly increased and decreased the number of viable cells, respectively. Moreover, several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes including, Ddit3, Atf4 and Hapa5, were observed in these gene networks. These findings will provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms of NaF-induced cell death accompanying ER stress in oral epithelial cells.
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505
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang G, Wu Y, Wu S, Yu J, Wang L. A new colorimetric and fluorescent bifunctional probe for Cu2+ and F− ions based on perylene bisimide derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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506
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Agarwalla H, Jana K, Maity A, Kesharwani MK, Ganguly B, Das A. Hydrogen bonding interaction between active methylene hydrogen atoms and an anion as a binding motif for anion recognition: experimental studies and theoretical rationalization. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2656-66. [PMID: 24646313 DOI: 10.1021/jp501769y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Two new reagents, having similar spatial arrangements for hydrogen atoms of the active methylene functionalities, were synthesized and interactions of such reagents with different anionic analytes were studied using electronic spectroscopy as well as by using (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopic methods. Experimental studies revealed that these two reagents showed preference for binding to F(-) and OAc(-). Detailed theoretical studies along with the above-mentioned spectroscopic studies were carried out to understand the contribution of the positively charged phosphonium ion, along with methylene functionality, in achieving the observed preference of these two receptors for binding to F(-) and OAc(-). Observed differences in the binding affinities of these two reagents toward fluoride and acetate ions also reflected the role of acidity of such methylene hydrogen atoms in controlling the efficiencies of the hydrogen bonding in anion-Hmethylene interactions. Hydrogen bonding interactions at lower concentrations of these two anionic analytes and deprotonation equilibrium at higher concentration were observed with associated electronic spectral changes as well as visually detectable change in solution color, an observation that is generally common for other strong hydrogen bond donor functionalities like urea and thiourea. DFT calculations performed with the M06/6-31+G**//M05-2X/6-31G* level of theory showed that F(-) binds more strongly than OAc(-) with the reagent molecules. The deprotonation of methylene hydrogen atom of receptors with F(-) ion was observed computationally. The metal complex as reagent showed even stronger binding energies with these analytes, which corroborated the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridesh Agarwalla
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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507
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Epigallocatechin gallate supplementation protects against renal injury induced by fluoride intoxication in rats: Role of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:12-30. [PMID: 28962222 PMCID: PMC5598207 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride intoxication generates free radicals, causing oxidative stress that plays a critical role in the progression of nephropathy. In the present study, we hypothesized that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, protects the kidneys of rats treated with fluoride by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Pretreatment of fluoride-treated rats with EGCG resulted in a significant normalization of creatinine clearance and levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Fluoride intoxication significantly increased renal oxidative stress markers and decreased the levels of renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, renal NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB were also increased in the renal tissue of fluoride-treated rats. Further, EGCG pretreatment produced a significant improvement in renal antioxidant status and reduced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and the levels of inflammatory markers in fluoride-treated kidney. Similarly, mRNA and protein analyses showed that EGCG pretreatment normalized the renal expression of Nrf2/Keap1 and its downstream regulatory proteins in fluoride-treated rat kidney. EGCG also effectively attenuated fluoride-induced renal apoptosis by the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome c. Histology and immunohistochemical observations of Kim-1 provided further evidence that EGCG effectively protects the kidney from fluoride-mediated oxidative damage. These results suggest that EGCG ameliorates fluoride-induced oxidative renal injury by activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Key Words
- ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase
- Bax, B-cell associated X protein
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate
- Fluoride
- G6PD, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase
- GCSH, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GST, glutathione S-transferease
- GSTM, glutathione S-transferase Mu
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Keap-1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- Kidney
- Kim-1, kidney injury molecule-1
- LOOH, lipid hydroperoxide
- NF-kB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- NaF, sodium fluoride
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2
- Oxidative stress
- PC, protein carbonyl
- ROS/RNS, reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species
- Rat
- Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TSH, total sulfhydryl groups
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508
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Water fluoridation: a critical review of the physiological effects of ingested fluoride as a public health intervention. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:293019. [PMID: 24719570 PMCID: PMC3956646 DOI: 10.1155/2014/293019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorine is the world's 13th most abundant element and constitutes 0.08% of the Earth crust. It has the highest electronegativity of all elements. Fluoride is widely distributed in the environment, occurring in the air, soils, rocks, and water. Although fluoride is used industrially in a fluorine compound, the manufacture of ceramics, pesticides, aerosol propellants, refrigerants, glassware, and Teflon cookware, it is a generally unwanted byproduct of aluminium, fertilizer, and iron ore manufacture. The medicinal use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries began in January 1945 when community water supplies in Grand Rapids, United States, were fluoridated to a level of 1 ppm as a dental caries prevention measure. However, water fluoridation remains a controversial public health measure. This paper reviews the human health effects of fluoride. The authors conclude that available evidence suggests that fluoride has a potential to cause major adverse human health problems, while having only a modest dental caries prevention effect. As part of efforts to reduce hazardous fluoride ingestion, the practice of artificial water fluoridation should be reconsidered globally, while industrial safety measures need to be tightened in order to reduce unethical discharge of fluoride compounds into the environment. Public health approaches for global dental caries reduction that do not involve systemic ingestion of fluoride are urgently needed.
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509
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Ameliorative effects of oleanolic acid on fluoride induced metabolic and oxidative dysfunctions in rat brain: Experimental and biochemical studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:224-36. [PMID: 24468673 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of oleanolic acid on fluoride-induced oxidative stress and certain metabolic dysfunctions were studied in four regions of rat brain. Male Wistar rats were treated with sodium fluoride at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w./day (orally) for 30 days. Results indicate marked reduction in acidic, basic and neutral protein contents due to fluoride toxicity in cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla. DNA, RNA contents significantly decreased in those regions after fluoride exposure. Activities of proteolytic enzymes (such as cathepsin, trypsin and pronase) were inhibited by fluoride, whereas transaminase enzyme (GOT and GPT) activities increased significantly in brain tissue. Fluoride appreciably elevated brain malondialdehyde level, free amino acid nitrogen, NO content and free OH radical generation. Additionally, fluoride perturbed GSH content and markedly reduced SOD, GPx, GR and CAT activities in brain tissues. Oral supplementation of oleanolic acid (a plant triterpenoid), at a dose of 5mg/kgb.w./day for last 14 days of fluoride treatment appreciably ameliorated fluoride-induced alteration of brain metabolic functions. Appreciable counteractive effects of oleanolic acid against fluoride-induced changes in protein and nucleic acid contents, proteolytic enzyme activities and other oxidative stress parameters indicate that oleanolic acid has potential antioxidative effects against fluoride-induced oxidative brain damage.
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510
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Kai Y, Hu Y, Wang K, Zhi W, Liang M, Yang W. A highly selective colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter for detection of fluoride ions based on 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 118:239-243. [PMID: 24051296 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A high selective colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe based on 4-hydroxy-1, 8-naphthalimide was designed and synthesized to detect fluoride ions (F(-)). The sensing behavior of this probe was studied by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The probe displays an 110 nm red-shift of fluorescence emission and the color changes from colorless to yellow by virtue of the strong affinity of F(-) toward silicon which can act as a new visual sensor for F(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Kai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 200, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
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511
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Maize purple plant pigment protects against fluoride-induced oxidative damage of liver and kidney in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:1020-33. [PMID: 24419046 PMCID: PMC3924489 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are polyphenols and well known for their biological antioxidative benefits. Maize purple plant pigment (MPPP) extracted and separated from maize purple plant is rich in anthocyanins. In the present study, MPPP was used to alleviate the adverse effects generated by fluoride on liver and kidney in rats. The results showed that the ultrastructure of the liver and kidney in fluoride treated rats displayed shrinkage of nuclear and cell volume, swollen mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum and vacuols formation in the liver and kidney cells. MPPP significantly attenuated these fluoride-induced pathological changes. The MDA levels in serum and liver tissue of fluoride alone treated group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The presence of 5 g/kg MPPP in the diet reduced the elevation of MDA levels in blood and liver, and increased the SOD and GSH-Px activities in kidney and GSH level in liver and kidney compared with the fluoride alone treated group (p < 0.05). In addition, MPPP alleviated the decrease of Bcl-2 protein expression and the increase of Bax protein expression induced by fluoride. This study demonstrated the protective role of MPPP against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in liver and kidney of rats.
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512
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Rice JR, Boyd WA, Chandra D, Smith MV, Den Besten PK, Freedman JH. Comparison of the toxicity of fluoridation compounds in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:82-88. [PMID: 24105802 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorides are commonly added to drinking water in the United States to decrease the incidence of dental caries. Silicofluorides, such as sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na2 SiF6 ) and fluorosilicic acid (H2 SiF6 ), are mainly used for fluoridation, although fluoride salts such as sodium fluoride (NaF) are also used. Interestingly, only the toxicity of NaF has been examined and not that of the more often used silicofluorides. In the present study, the toxicities of NaF, Na2 SiF6 , and H2 SiF6 were compared. The toxicity of these fluorides on the growth, feeding, and reproduction in the alternative toxicological testing organism Caenorhabditis elegans was examined. Exposure to these compounds produced classic concentration-response toxicity profiles. Although the effects of the fluoride compounds varied among the 3 biological endpoints, no differences were found between the 3 compounds, relative to the fluoride ion concentration, in any of the assays. This suggests that silicofluorides have similar toxicity to NaF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Rice
- Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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513
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Woo J, Kim G, Quintero K, Hanrahan MP, Palencia H, Cao H. Investigation of desilylation in the recognition mechanism to fluoride by a 1,8-naphthalimide derivative. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8275-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01500b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Desilylation based fluorescence sensor (AF-1) gives a dual signal for quantitative detection of F− in MeCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeun Woo
- University of Nebraska at Kearney
- Department of Chemistry
- Kearney, USA
| | - Gunwoo Kim
- University of Nebraska at Kearney
- Department of Chemistry
- Kearney, USA
| | - Kevanie Quintero
- University of Nebraska at Kearney
- Department of Chemistry
- Kearney, USA
| | | | - Hector Palencia
- University of Nebraska at Kearney
- Department of Chemistry
- Kearney, USA
| | - Haishi Cao
- University of Nebraska at Kearney
- Department of Chemistry
- Kearney, USA
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514
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Jensen PB, Lysgaard S, Quaade UJ, Vegge T. Designing mixed metal halide ammines for ammonia storage using density functional theory and genetic algorithms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:19732-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New superior ammonia storage materials are suggested from computational screening. Global optimum of 27 000 mixtures identified testing only ∼1.5% of the candidates, proving the success of the genetic algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bjerre Jensen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design
- Technical University of Denmark
| | - Steen Lysgaard
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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515
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Jothiramajayam M, Sinha S, Ghosh M, Nag A, Jana A, Mukherjee A. Sodium fluoride promotes apoptosis by generation of reactive oxygen species in human lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1269-1280. [PMID: 25268553 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.928658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride generated the attention of toxicologists due to its deleterious effects at high concentrations in human populations suffering from fluorosis and with in vivo experimental models. Interest in its undesirable effects has resurfaced due to the awareness that this element interacts with cellular systems even at low doses. This study focused on examining the adverse effects of inorganic fluoride (NaF) on human lymphocyte cells in vitro. Mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, cell cycle progression, and mode of cell death were combined with genotoxic endpoints. Data demonstrated that NaF at lower concentrations, although not significantly cytotoxic and genotoxic, induced oxidative stress leading to apoptotic cell death. The results also suggested that at low concentrations (<1 μg/ml), NaF may affect cell cycle progression. Taken together, our findings confirm earlier reports on mechanisms involved in NaF-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Jothiramajayam
- a Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
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516
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Hou P, Chen S, Wang H, Wang J, Voitchovsky K, Song X. An aqueous red emitting fluorescent fluoride sensing probe exhibiting a large Stokes shift and its application in cell imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:320-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46630b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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517
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Rand AA, Rooney JP, Butt CM, Meyer JN, Mabury SA. Cellular Toxicity Associated with Exposure to Perfluorinated Carboxylates (PFCAs) and Their Metabolic Precursors. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 27:42-50. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400317p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Rand
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John P. Rooney
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Craig M. Butt
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joel N. Meyer
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Scott A. Mabury
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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518
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Rodrigues E, Feijó-Oliveira M, Vani GS, Suda CNK, Carvalho CS, Donatti L, Lavrado HP, Rodrigues E. Interaction of warm acclimation, low salinity, and trophic fluoride on plasmatic constituents of the Antarctic fish Notothenia rossii Richardson, 1844. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1591-1601. [PMID: 23748964 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive evolution of the Notothenia rossii occurred under the selective pressure of stable and low temperatures. It is an opportunistic feeder of Antarctic krill and the fluoride in the krill carapace is apparently not toxic. We investigated the interactive effect of fluoride, elevated temperatures, and low salinity on the plasmatic constituents of this Antarctic fish. The experiments were conducted at the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz (EACF), located on King George Island. The Antarctic fish N. rossii was acclimatized to eight thermo-saline-trophic conditions, combining two temperatures (0 and 4 °C), two salinities (35 and 20), and two trophic conditions (with/without fluoride) for an 11-day period. Trophic fluoride was not able to alter the plasmatic levels of glucose, cholesterol, plasmatic protein, Cl⁻, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and inorganic phosphate, but induced an acute elevation of triglycerides at 0 °C and salinity of 35. At low salinity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypocalcemia were observed. The thermo-saline interaction at 4 °C was able to minimize the effects of fluoride and low salinity on the plasmatic constituents levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rodrigues
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico s/No, Curitiba, PR, 81530-130, Brazil
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519
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Suzuki M, Bartlett JD. Sirtuin1 and autophagy protect cells from fluoride-induced cell stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:245-55. [PMID: 24296261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent deacetylase functioning in the regulation of metabolism, cell survival and organismal lifespan. Active SIRT1 regulates autophagy during cell stress, including calorie restriction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress. Previously, we reported that fluoride induces ER-stress in ameloblasts responsible for enamel formation, suggesting that ER-stress plays a role in dental fluorosis. However, the molecular mechanism of how cells respond to fluoride-induced cell stress is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that fluoride activates SIRT1 and initiates autophagy to protect cells from fluoride exposure. Fluoride treatment of ameloblast-derived cells (LS8) significantly increased Sirt1 expression and induced SIRT1 phosphorylation resulting in the augmentation of SIRT1 deacetylase activity. To demonstrate that fluoride exposure initiates autophagy, we characterized the expression of autophagy related genes (Atg); Atg5, Atg7 and Atg8/LC3 and showed that both their transcript and protein levels were significantly increased following fluoride treatment. To confirm that SIRT1 plays a protective role in fluoride toxicity, we used resveratrol (RES) to augment SIRT1 activity in fluoride treated LS8 cells. RES increased autophagy, inhibited apoptosis, and decreased fluoride cytotoxicity. Rats treated with fluoride (0, 50, 100 and 125ppm) in drinking water for 6weeks had significantly elevated expression levels of Sirt1, Atg5, Atg7 and Atg8/LC3 in their maturation stage enamel organs. Increased protein levels of p-SIRT1, ATG5 and ATG8/LC3 were present in fluoride-treated rat maturation stage ameloblasts. Therefore, the SIRT1/autophagy pathway may play a critical role as a protective response to help prevent dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Suzuki
- Department of Mineralized Tissue Biology, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John D Bartlett
- Department of Mineralized Tissue Biology, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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520
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Zhou Y, Qiu Y, He J, Chen X, Ding Y, Wang Y, Liu X. The toxicity mechanism of sodium fluoride on fertility in female rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:566-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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521
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Transient activation of protein kinase C contributes to fluoride-induced apoptosis of rat erythrocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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522
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Li S, Smith KD, Davis JH, Gordon PB, Breaker RR, Strobel SA. Eukaryotic resistance to fluoride toxicity mediated by a widespread family of fluoride export proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19018-23. [PMID: 24173035 PMCID: PMC3839697 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310439110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine is an abundant element and is toxic to organisms from bacteria to humans, but the mechanisms by which eukaryotes resist fluoride toxicity are unknown. The Escherichia coli gene crcB was recently shown to be regulated by a fluoride-responsive riboswitch, implicating it in fluoride response. There are >8,000 crcB homologs across all domains of life, indicating that it has an important role in biology. Here we demonstrate that eukaryotic homologs [renamed FEX (fluoride exporter)] function in fluoride export. FEX KOs in three eukaryotic model organisms, Neurospora crassa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans, are highly sensitized to fluoride (>200-fold) but not to other halides. Some of these KO strains are unable to grow in fluoride concentrations found in tap water. Using the radioactive isotope of fluoride, (18)F, we developed an assay to measure the intracellular fluoride concentration and show that the FEX deletion strains accumulate fluoride in excess of the external concentration, providing direct evidence of FEX function in fluoride efflux. In addition, they are more sensitive to lower pH in the presence of fluoride. These results demonstrate that eukaryotic FEX genes encode a previously unrecognized class of fluoride exporter necessary for survival in standard environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanshu Li
- Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | | | | | | - Ronald R. Breaker
- Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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523
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Li Y, Duan Y, Zheng J, Li J, Zhao W, Yang S, Yang R. Self-Assembly of Graphene Oxide with a Silyl-Appended Spiropyran Dye for Rapid and Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Fluoride Ions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11456-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative
Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative
Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative
Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative
Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative
Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative
Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative
Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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524
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Liu H, Zeng Q, Cui Y, Zhao L, Zhang L, Fu G, Hou C, Zhang S, Yu L, Jiang C, Wang Z, Chen X, Wang A. The role of the IRE1 pathway in excessive iodide- and/or fluoride-induced apoptosis in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2013; 224:341-8. [PMID: 24231001 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive iodide and fluoride coexist in the groundwater in many regions, causing a potential risk to the human thyroid. To investigate the mechanism of iodide- and fluoride-induced thyroid cytotoxicity, human thyroid follicular epithelial cells (Nthy-ori 3-1) were treated with different concentrations of potassium iodide (KI), with or without sodium fluoride (NaF). Cell morphology, viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, apoptosis, and expression of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathway-related molecules were assessed. Results showed 50 mM of KI, 1 mM of NaF, and 50 mM of KI +1 mM of NaF changed cellular morphology, decreased viability, and increased LDH leakage and apoptosis. Elevated expression of binding protein (BiP), IRE1, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA and protein, as well as spliced X-box-binding protein-1 (sXBP-1) mRNA, were observed in the 1 mM NaF and 50 mM KI +1 mM NaF groups. Collectively, excessive iodide and/or fluoride is cytotoxic to the human thyroid. Although these data do not manifest iodide could induce the IRE1 pathway, the cytotoxicity followed by exposure to fluoride alone or in combination with iodide may be related to IRE1 pathway-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, exposure to the combination of excessive iodide and fluoride may cause interactive effects on thyroid cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushan Cui
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Fu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchun Hou
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Hubei, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyu Yu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Hubei, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglun Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Hubei, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Hubei, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Hubei, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
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525
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Reddy YP, Tiwari SK, Shaik AP, Alsaeed A, Sultana A, Reddy PK. Effect of sodium fluoride on neuroimmunological parameters, oxidative stress and antioxidative defenses. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 24:31-6. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.843224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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526
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Gutiérrez-Salinas J, García-Ortíz L, Morales González JA, Hernández-Rodríguez S, Ramírez-García S, Núñez-Ramos NR, Madrigal-Santillán E. In vitro effect of sodium fluoride on malondialdehyde concentration and on superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in human erythrocytes. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:864718. [PMID: 24223512 PMCID: PMC3800586 DOI: 10.1155/2013/864718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to describe the in vitro effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the specific activity of the major erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, as well as on the membrane malondialdehyde concentration, as indicators of oxidative stress. For this purpose, human erythrocytes were incubated with NaF (0, 7, 28, 56, and 100 μg/mL) or NaF (100 μg/mL) + vitamin E (1, 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/mL). The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration on the surface of the erythrocytes was determined, as were the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GlPx). Our results demonstrated that erythrocytes incubated with increasing NaF concentrations had an increased MDA concentration, along with decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes. The presence of vitamin E partially reversed the toxic effects of NaF on erythrocytes. These findings suggest that NaF induces oxidative stress in erythrocytes in vitro, and this stress is partially reversed by the presence of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gutiérrez-Salinas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research Division, National Medical Center “20 de Noviembre,” ISSSTE, Sn. Lorenzo No. 502, 2° piso, Col. Del Valle, 03100 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Liliana García-Ortíz
- División of Genomic Medicine, National Medical Center “20 de Noviembre,” ISSSTE, Sn. Lorenzo No. 502, 2° piso, Col. Del Valle, 03100 México, DF, Mexico
| | - José A. Morales González
- Laboratorio Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Sergio Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research Division, National Medical Center “20 de Noviembre,” ISSSTE, Sn. Lorenzo No. 502, 2° piso, Col. Del Valle, 03100 México, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Norma R. Núñez-Ramos
- Uromédica OSF, Calle Uxmal 422, Colonia Vértiz Narvarte, 03020 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 México, DF, Mexico
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527
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Pereira HABDS, Leite ADL, Charone S, Lobo JGVM, Cestari TM, Peres-Buzalaf C, Buzalaf MAR. Proteomic analysis of liver in rats chronically exposed to fluoride. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75343. [PMID: 24069403 PMCID: PMC3775814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is a potent anti-cariogenic element, but when ingestion is excessive, systemic toxicity may be observed. This can occur as acute or chronic responses, depending on both the amount of F and the time of exposure. The present study identified the profile of protein expression possibly associated with F-induced chronic hepatotoxicity. Weanling male Wistar rats (three-weeks old) were divided into three groups and treated with drinking water containing 0, 5 or 50 mg/L F for 60 days (n=6/group). At this time point, serum and livers were collected for F analysis, which was done using the ion-sensitive electrode, after hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion. Livers were also submitted to histological and proteomic analyses (2D-PAGE followed by LC-MS/MS). Western blotting was done for confirmation of the proteomic data A dose-response was observed in serum F levels. In the livers, F levels were significantly increased in the 50 mg/L F group compared to groups treated with 0 and 5 mg/L F. Liver morphometric analysis did not reveal alterations in the cellular structures and lipid droplets were present in all groups. Proteomic quantitative intensity analysis detected 33, 44, and 29 spots differentially expressed in the comparisons between control vs. 5 mg/L F, control vs. 50 mg/L F, and 5 mg/L vs. 50 mg/L F, respectively. From these, 92 proteins were successfully identified. In addition, 18, 1, and 5 protein spots were shown to be exclusive in control, 5, and 50 mg/L F, respectively. Most of proteins were related to metabolic process and pronounced alterations were seen for the high-F level group. In F-treated rats, changes in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and GRP-78 expression may account for the F-induced toxicity in the liver. This can contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatoxicity induced by F, by indicating key-proteins that should be better addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline de Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Senda Charone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Peres-Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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528
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Chauhan SS, Mahmood A, Ojha S. Ethanol and age enhances fluoride toxicity through oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in rat intestine. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 384:251-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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529
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Zhao H, Chai L, Wang H. Effects of fluoride on metamorphosis, thyroid and skeletal development in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:1123-32. [PMID: 23934448 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of chronic fluoride exposure on metamorphosis, thyroid and skeletal development in tadpoles of Chinese Toad, Bufo gargarizans. The tadpoles were exposed to fluoride concentrations either at 0, 1, 5, 10, or at 50 mg L(-1) from Gosner stage 26 to Gosner stage 42. Body weight, total length and percentage of tadpoles reaching metamorphosis climax were recorded, and thyroid histological examinations were employed. In addition, mRNA expression of both deiodinase type 2 (D2) and deiodinase type 3 (D3) was analyzed by using RT-PCR and skeletal systems were investigated by using double-staining methodology at stage 42. Results showed that total length and body weight were unaffected by fluoride exposure at all concentrations while metamorphosis was strongly inhibited only by 50 mg L(-1) fluoride. Histomorphological measurements showed the percentage of colloid depletion in thyroid gland increased significantly, while the average diameter of follicles was significantly shorter at 50 mg L(-1) concentration. In addition, fluoride at 5 mg L(-1) can stimulate bone mineralization, while fluoride at 50 mg L(-1) can retard deposition of calcium. In conclusion, our study suggests that 50 mg L(-1) fluoride could damage follicular cells in thyroid gland and induce a sharp reduction in thyroid hormone probably through the up-regulation of D3 mRNA expression, and these influences on thyroid system may delay metamorphosis as well as ossification in bone tissue by inhibiting calcium deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
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530
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Zhang S, Jiang C, Liu H, Guan Z, Zeng Q, Zhang C, Lei R, Xia T, Gao H, Yang L, Chen Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Cui Y, Yu L, Wang Z, Wang A. Fluoride-elicited developmental testicular toxicity in rats: Roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory response. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:206-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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531
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Jiang C, Zhang S, Liu H, Guan Z, Zeng Q, Zhang C, Lei R, Xia T, Wang Z, Yang L, Chen Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Cui Y, Yu L, Wang A. Low Glucose Utilization and Neurodegenerative Changes Caused by Sodium Fluoride Exposure in Rat’s Developmental Brain. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 16:94-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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532
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Hou P, Chen S, Song X. A colorimetric and fluorescent probe for fluoride ions based on 6-acetyl-2-naphthol. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:423-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan Province P. R. China 410083
| | - Song Chen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan Province P. R. China 410083
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan Province P. R. China 410083
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Nonferrous Metals; Ministry of Education; 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan Province P. R. China 410083
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy; 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan Province P. R. China 410083
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533
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Balcerzak M, Janiszewska J. Fluorides in Tea Products and Analytical Problems with Their Determination. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.766077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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534
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Thangapandiyan S, Miltonprabu S. Epigallocatechin gallate effectively ameliorates fluoride-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in the liver of rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:528-37. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) compounds is a worldwide health concern. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a green tea catechin found in a variety of green tea preparations. The intention of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective role of EGCG in NaF-intoxicated rats. Rats were orally treated with NaF alone (25 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1) or plus EGCG at different doses (20, 40, and 80 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1) for 4 weeks. Hepatotoxicity of NaF was determined by increased levels of serum hepatospecific markers and total bilirubin, along with increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl content, and conjugated dienes. The hepatotoxic nature of NaF was further evidenced by the decreased activity of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels in liver. NaF-treated rats also showed increased DNA damage and fragmentation in hepatocytes. Administration of EGCG (40 mg·(kg body mass)−1) to NaF-intoxicated rats significantly recuperated the distorted biochemical indices, DNA damage, and pathological changes in the liver tissue. Thus, the results of the present study clearly demonstrate that EGCG has strong free radical scavenging, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic properties that protect against NaF-induced oxidative hepatic injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Miltonprabu
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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535
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Santoyo-Sanchez MP, del Carmen Silva-Lucero M, Arreola-Mendoza L, Barbier OC. Effects of acute sodium fluoride exposure on kidney function, water homeostasis, and renal handling of calcium and inorganic phosphate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:367-72. [PMID: 23400904 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride compounds are abundant and widely distributed in the environment at a variety of concentrations. Further, fluoride induces toxic effects in target organs such as the liver and kidney. In this study, we performed an early analysis of renal function using a clearance technique in Wistar rats acutely exposed to fluoride at a plasma concentration of 0.625 μg/ml. Our results revealed that fluoride, at a concentration close to the concentration present in the serum after environmental exposure, induced a significant tubular dysfunction, resulting in diluted urine, impaired protein reabsorption, and increased calcium and phosphate urinary excretion. Our work demonstrates that even acute exposures to low concentrations of NaF may induce renal damage and confirms that, after exposure, the kidney participates directly in the calcium and phosphate deficiencies observed in fluoride-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi Paola Santoyo-Sanchez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN No. 2508 Col, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
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536
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Agalakova NI, Gusev GP. Excessive fluoride consumption leads to accelerated death of erythrocytes and anemia in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:340-9. [PMID: 23673526 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate an overall effect of long-term consumption of excessive fluoride (F) amounts by rats on their erythrocytes. The animals were administered regular drinking water (0.4 ppm F) or the same water supplemented with 2, 10, and 20 ppm F (as NaF) for 12 months. Chronic exposure of the rats to increasing F doses induced a progressive rise of the plasma F concentration accompanied by a dose-dependent fall of hematocrit and decrease in the mean erythrocyte volume. Consumption of 10 and 20 ppm F resulted in appearance of morphologically abnormal cells (stomatocytes and echinocytes) in the peripheral blood. Rise of the water F concentration to 20 ppm F led to significant increase in the number of phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes, although suppression of cell viability was revealed in all three groups of F-poisoned rats. A compensatory enhanced release of reticulocytes was not sufficient to compensate for erythrocyte loss. Dose-dependent accumulation of free cytosolic Ca(2+) appears to be a major pathophysiological process underlying the development of F-induced death processes in rat erythrocytes. In addition, 10 and 20 ppm F induced ATP depletion and generation of peroxides in erythrocytes, whereas superoxide and glutathione levels were not altered. Thus, long-term intoxication of the rats with F triggers premature death of their erythrocytes due to intrinsic death-associated biochemical defects and development of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ivanovna Agalakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 M. Thorez pr., Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia.
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537
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Adali MK, Varol E, Aksoy F, Icli A, Ersoy IH, Ozaydin M, Erdogan D, Dogan A. Impaired heart rate recovery in patients with endemic fluorosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:310-5. [PMID: 23417496 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the heart rate recovery index (HRRI), a marker of autonomic nervous system function in patients with endemic fluorosis. Forty patients with endemic fluorosis (16 men/24 women) and 40 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls (16 men/24 women) with normal fluoride intake were enrolled in this study. HRRI was calculated by subtracting the heart rate values at the first, second, and third minutes of the recovery phase from the peak heart rate (HRRI 1, HRRI 2, HRRI 3). Urine fluoride levels of fluorosis patients were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than control subjects as expected. HRRI 2 was significantly lower in fluorosis patients than in the controls. The incidence of abnormal HRRI 1 was significantly higher in fluorosis patients than in the controls (P < 0.05). We observed that HRRI, a marker of autonomic nervous system function, is impaired in patients with chronic fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koray Adali
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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538
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Cao J, Chen J, Wang J, Jia R, Xue W, Luo Y, Gan X. Effects of fluoride on liver apoptosis and Bcl-2, Bax protein expression in freshwater teleost, Cyprinus carpio. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:1203-1212. [PMID: 23415306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fish take up fluoride directly from water and are the target organisms for fluoride pollution in the aquatic ecosystems. This study was conducted to evaluate oxidative stress, histopathological changes, apoptosis and Bcl-2, Bax expression in the livers of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) chronically exposed to fluoride. Our results showed that after 90 d of exposure, the inhibition of SOD, GSH activities and a dose-dependent stimulation of MDA levels in the liver tissues indicated that fluoride caused oxidative stress in the fish. Microscopic examinations showed that damages to the liver tissues and cell organelles in the liver tissues increased with exposure concentration. A positive correlation was observed between the apoptosis index and fluoride levels in the livers (r=0.995). There was a negative correlation between the fluoride concentration of water and the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax (r=-0.98, r=-0.96). A positive correlation was showed between the fluoride concentration of water and the expression of Bax (r=0.96) after 90 d of exposure. Our results suggested that the common carp could tolerate relatively high levels of fluoride but adverse effects of fluoride occurred in the livers of the fish after 90 d of exposure. The apoptosis of liver cells had an important causative role in the process of fluoride-induced pathological changes of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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539
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Cao J, Chen J, Wang J, Wu X, Li Y, Xie L. Tissue distributions of fluoride and its toxicity in the gills of a freshwater teleost, Cyprinus carpio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 130-131:68-76. [PMID: 23376696 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fish take up fluoride directly from water and are susceptible to fluoride contamination of their environment. In this study, we examined the tissue distributions of fluoride and its toxicity in the gills of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) chronically exposed to fluoride. Carp were exposed to a range of aqueous fluoride (35-124 mg/L) and sampled at 30, 60 and 90 days. The accumulation of fluoride in the tissues increased with the level and duration of exposure. Steady state was not achieved under the experimental conditions. The gills accumulated the highest levels of fluoride followed by the liver>brain>kidney>muscle>intestine. A dose-dependent inhibition was observed for the enzyme activities of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase in the gills after the fish were exposed for 90 days. Also, accumulation of fluoride was associated with the inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and a dose-dependent stimulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the gill tissues, suggesting that fluoride promoted oxidative stress in the fish. Microscopic examinations revealed injuries to gill tissues and chloride cells, with the severity of injury increasing with exposure concentration. These results suggest that chronic exposure to elevated concentrations of fluoride may induce toxicity in the common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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540
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Fluorosis caused cellular apoptosis and oxidative stress of rat kidneys. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-2430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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541
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Chouhan S, Kushwaha P, Kaul R, Flora SJ. Co-administration of selenium but not iron prevents fluoride toxicity in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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542
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Mahaboob Basha P, Saumya SM. Suppression of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and TCA Enzymes in Discrete Brain Regions of Mice Exposed to High Fluoride: Amelioration by Panax ginseng (Ginseng) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (Banaba) Extracts. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:453-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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543
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J M, Sinha S, Ghosh M, Mukherjee A. Evaluation of multi-endpoint assay to detect genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice exposed to sodium fluoride. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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544
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Panneerselvam L, Subbiah K, Arumugam A, Senapathy JG. Ferulic acid modulates fluoride-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 151:85-91. [PMID: 23149809 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of ferulic acid (FA) on fluoride-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Fluoride (25 mg/L) was given orally to induce hepatotoxicity for 12 weeks. Hepatic damage were assessed using status of pathophysiological markers like serum marker enzymes like aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, lipid profile, total protein content levels, and histopathological studies. Treatment with FA significantly reduced the degree of histological aberrations and rescued lipid peroxidation, as observed from reduced levels of lipid hydroperoxides, nitric oxide, restored levels of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants, and total protein content, with a concomitant decline in the levels of marker enzymes and lipid profile in fluoride-induced rats. These results suggest that ferulic acid has the ability to protect fluoride-induced hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmikanthan Panneerselvam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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545
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Varol E, Varol S. Does fluoride toxicity cause hypertension in patients with endemic fluorosis? Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:1-2. [PMID: 22918787 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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546
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Cametti M, Rissanen K. Highlights on contemporary recognition and sensing of fluoride anion in solution and in the solid state. Chem Soc Rev 2012. [PMID: 23188119 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The fluoride anion has recently gained well deserved attention among the scientific community for its importance in many fields of human activities, but also for concerns on its effect on health and the environment. Although surprisingly overlooked in systematic studies in the past, fluoride has nowadays become a topical target in the field of anion recognition. A multitude of scientific reports are published every year where the establishment of efficient and specific interaction with fluoride is sought in polar and aqueous media. Here, the emphasis is directed to a detailed description of the most interesting contemporary studies in the field, with a particular focus given to those published in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cametti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milan, Italy.
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547
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Varol E, Aksoy F, Icli A, Arslan A, Yuksel O, Ersoy IH, Varol S, Dogan A. Increased plasma neopterin and hs-CRP levels in patients with endemic fluorosis. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 89:931-936. [PMID: 22926451 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although fluoride induced inflammatory reactions have been shown in animals and in vitro humans, there are few studies about fluoride induced inflammatory reactions in human beings at clinical setting. We aimed to measure the plasma neopterin, a marker of activation of the monocyte/macrophage system, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in patients with endemic fluorosis to investigate the possible role of inflammatory processes (monocyte/macrophage activity) in the underlying pathophysiology of fluoride toxicity at clinical level. Plasma neopterin and hs-CRP levels were determined in endemic fluorosis patients and control subjects. Plasma neopterin levels were significantly higher among patients with endemic fluorosis when compared with control group (2.40 ± 0.66 vs. 1.63 ± 0.27 ng/mL respectively; p < 0.001) and plasma hs-CRP levels were also significantly higher among patients with endemic fluorosis when compared with control group (2.41 ± 1.23 vs. 1.93 ± 0.64 mg/L respectively; p < 0.001). Plasma neopterin levels were positively correlated with urine fluoride levels (r = 0.67, p < 0.001) and serum hs-CRP levels were positively correlated with urine fluoride levels (r = 0.36, p < 0.001). We have found that plasma neopterin and hs-CRP levels are increased in patients with endemic fluorosis. We have concluded that inflammation play an important role in the pathophysiology of fluoride toxicity in patients with endemic fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Varol
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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548
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Analytical Problems with the Evaluation of Human Exposure to Fluorides from Tea Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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549
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Agalakova NI, Gusev GP. Fluoride induces oxidative stress and ATP depletion in the rat erythrocytes in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:334-337. [PMID: 22706453 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine an ability of inorganic fluoride (F) to induce oxidative stress and energy depletion in the rat erythrocytes in vitro. Accumulation of ROS and alterations in glutathione (GSH) and ATP contents were estimated in the cells incubated with 0.1-10mM NaF for 1, 5 and 24h. Exposure of the rat erythrocytes to NaF was accompanied by progressive accumulation of peroxides, while superoxide (O(2)(-)) production was insignificant. Intracellular GSH content was reduced following 5-h incubation, but considerably elevated after 24h, although GSH/GSSG ratio decreased in both cases. ATP concentration in the NaF-treated cell exhibited a dose- and time-dependent decline, diminishing to extremely low levels within 24h. Thus, exposure of the rat erythrocytes to NaF leads to impairment of the cellular antioxidant system and severe energy depletion, the latter probably being the primary toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Agalakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sankt-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Gennadii P Gusev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sankt-Petersburg, Russia
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550
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Liu G, Zhang W, Jiang P, Li X, Liu C, Chai C. Role of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor in fluoride-induced goitrogenesis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:209-217. [PMID: 22561107 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endemic fluorosis is a serious problem in public health. Previous studies have indicated that patients with thyroid goiters usually live in fluoride-affected areas. However, the mechanism of goitrogenesis caused independently by fluoride is still unclear. The principle objective of this study was to investigate the possible roles of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the genesis of fluoride-induced nodular goiters. Eighty SD rats (40 males and 40 females) at the age of 4 weeks were used to establish animal models via fluoride-supplemented drinking water. These rats were randomly divided into four groups of 20. Group 1 was used as the control and were given deionized water. Group 2 (LF), group 3 (MF), and group 4 (HF) were given deionized water containing 50mg/L, 100mg/L, and 200mg/L of sodium fluoride (NaF), respectively. Thyroid samples were collected on day 150. Pathological observation was performed to evaluate structural changes in the thyroid gland. The expression of VEGF mRNA in the thyroid glands was assessed by reverse transcriptional PCR. The serum NO level was analyzed by spectrometric methods. In addition, immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate expression and deposition of VEGF in the thyroid gland. The results showed that the average relative weight of the thyroid glands of rats in the fluoride-treated groups was significantly higher than that in control rats (p<0.05). The proliferation and dilatation of capillary blood vessels, enlarged follicles with excessive colloid, and obvious nodules were found in the thyroid glands of fluoride-treated rats. Compared to the control group, the expression of VEGF mRNA in the thyroid gland and the serum NO levels in the fluoride-treated groups were significantly increased (p<0.05). Furthermore, the deposition of VEGF in epithelial and follicular cells of the thyroid gland was significantly higher in fluoride-treated groups than in the control group. These results suggested that abnormal expression of VEGF induced by fluoride can lead to the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in the thyroid gland. Accordingly, VEGF oversecreted locally by vascular endothelial cells might contribute to the proliferation of epithelial and follicular cells, resulting in the formation of hyperplastic nodules and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Furthermore, we proposed that there might be a positive feedback mechanism between NO and VEGF expression in fluoride-induced goiter formation. It was concluded that angiogenic and vasodilative factors such as VEGF and NO must be involved in fluoride-induced thyroid goitrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Liu
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Lab of Shanghai Veterinary Biotech, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinhong Li
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Lab of Shanghai Veterinary Biotech, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyan Chai
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Lab of Shanghai Veterinary Biotech, Shanghai 200240, China.
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