501
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Tidwell TR, Søreide K, Hagland HR. Aging, Metabolism, and Cancer Development: from Peto's Paradox to the Warburg Effect. Aging Dis 2017; 8:662-676. [PMID: 28966808 PMCID: PMC5614328 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical advances made over the last century have increased our lifespan, but age-related diseases are a fundamental health burden worldwide. Aging is therefore a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, all increasing in prevalence. However, huge inter-individual variations in aging and disease risk exist, which cannot be explained by chronological age, but rather physiological age decline initiated even at young age due to lifestyle. At the heart of this lies the metabolic system and how this is regulated in each individual. Metabolic turnover of food to energy leads to accumulation of co-factors, byproducts, and certain proteins, which all influence gene expression through epigenetic regulation. How these epigenetic markers accumulate over time is now being investigated as the possible link between aging and many diseases, such as cancer. The relationship between metabolism and cancer was described as early as the late 1950s by Dr. Otto Warburg, before the identification of DNA and much earlier than our knowledge of epigenetics. However, when the stepwise gene mutation theory of cancer was presented, Warburg's theories garnered little attention. Only in the last decade, with epigenetic discoveries, have Warburg's data on the metabolic shift in cancers been brought back to life. The stepwise gene mutation theory fails to explain why large animals with more cells, do not have a greater cancer incidence than humans, known as Peto's paradox. The resurgence of research into the Warburg effect has given us insight to what may explain Peto's paradox. In this review, we discuss these connections and how age-related changes in metabolism are tightly linked to cancer development, which is further affected by lifestyle choices modulating the risk of aging and cancer through epigenetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia R. Tidwell
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Laboratory, Hillevaåg, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kjetil Søreide
- Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Laboratory, Hillevaåg, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne R. Hagland
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Laboratory, Hillevaåg, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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502
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Schaefer PM, Hilpert D, Niederschweiberer M, Neuhauser L, Kalinina S, Calzia E, Rueck A, von Einem B, von Arnim CAF. Mitochondrial matrix pH as a decisive factor in neurometabolic imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:045004. [PMID: 29181426 PMCID: PMC5685807 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.045004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of cellular bioenergetics are a common feature in most neurodegenerative disorders. However, there is a selective vulnerability of different brain regions, cell types, and even mitochondrial populations to these metabolic disturbances. Thus, the aim of our study was to establish and validate an in vivo metabolic imaging technique to screen for mitochondrial function on the subcellular level. Based on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy [NAD(P)H FLIM], we performed a quantitative correlation to high-resolution respirometry. Thereby, we revealed mitochondrial matrix pH as a decisive factor in imaging NAD(P)H redox state. By combining both parameters, we illustrate a quantitative, high-resolution assessment of mitochondrial function in metabolically modified cells as well as in an amyloid precursor protein-overexpressing model of Alzheimer's disease. Our metabolic imaging technique provides the basis for dissecting mitochondrial deficits not only in a range of neurodegenerative diseases, shedding light onto bioenergetic failures of cells remaining in their metabolic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Hilpert
- Ulm University, Department of Neurology, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Sviatlana Kalinina
- Ulm University, Core Facility Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- University Medical School, Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm, Germany
| | - Angelika Rueck
- Ulm University, Core Facility Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy, Ulm, Germany
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503
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Gout JF, Li W, Fritsch C, Li A, Haroon S, Singh L, Hua D, Fazelinia H, Smith Z, Seeholzer S, Thomas K, Lynch M, Vermulst M. The landscape of transcription errors in eukaryotic cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701484. [PMID: 29062891 PMCID: PMC5650487 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate transcription is required for the faithful expression of genetic information. To understand the molecular mechanisms that control the fidelity of transcription, we used novel sequencing technology to provide the first comprehensive analysis of the fidelity of transcription in eukaryotic cells. Our results demonstrate that transcription errors can occur in any gene, at any location, and affect every aspect of protein structure and function. In addition, we show that multiple proteins safeguard the fidelity of transcription and provide evidence suggesting that errors that evade these layers of RNA quality control profoundly affect the physiology of living cells. Together, these observations demonstrate that there is an inherent limit to the faithful expression of the genome and suggest that the impact of mutagenesis on cellular health and fitness is substantially greater than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Clark Fritsch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Annie Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Suraiya Haroon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Larry Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Ding Hua
- Protein and Proteomics Core, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Protein and Proteomics Core, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Zach Smith
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Steven Seeholzer
- Protein and Proteomics Core, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Michael Lynch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Marc Vermulst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.V.); (M.L.)
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504
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Piper MDW, Partridge L. Drosophila as a model for ageing. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:2707-2717. [PMID: 28964875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been a key model in developing our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ageing. Of particular note is its role in establishing the evolutionary conservation of reduced insulin and IGF-1-like signaling in promoting healthy ageing. Capitalizing on its many advantages for experimentation, more recent work has revealed how precise nutritional and genetic interventions can improve fly lifespan without obvious detrimental side effects. We give a brief summary of these recent findings as well as examples of how they may modify ageing via actions in the gut and muscle. These discoveries highlight how expanding our understanding of metabolic and signaling interconnections will provide even greater insight into how these benefits may be harnessed for anti-ageing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D W Piper
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Köln 50931, Germany; Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department GEE, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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505
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for many aspects of cellular homeostasis, including energy harvesting through oxidative phosphorylation. Alterations of mitochondrial function not only impact on cellular metabolism but also critically influence whole-body metabolism, health, and life span. Diseases defined by mitochondrial dysfunction have expanded from rare monogenic disorders in a strict sense to now also include many common polygenic diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and neuromuscular diseases. This has led to an intensive search for new therapeutic and preventive strategies aimed at invigorating mitochondrial function by exploiting key components of mitochondrial biogenesis, redox metabolism, dynamics, mitophagy, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. As such, new findings linking mitochondrial function to the progression or outcome of this ever-increasing list of diseases has stimulated the discovery and development of the first true mitochondrial drugs, which are now entering the clinic and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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506
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Tang X, Chen XF, Wang NY, Wang XM, Liang ST, Zheng W, Lu YB, Zhao X, Hao DL, Zhang ZQ, Zou MH, Liu DP, Chen HZ. SIRT2 Acts as a Cardioprotective Deacetylase in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circulation 2017; 136:2051-2067. [PMID: 28947430 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by stresses such as aging and neurohumoral activation is an independent risk factor for heart failure and is considered a target for the treatment of heart failure. However, the mechanisms underlying pathological cardiac hypertrophy remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the roles of SIRT2 in aging-related and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS Male C57BL/6J wild-type and Sirt2 knockout mice were subjected to the investigation of aging-related cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy was also induced by Ang II (1.3 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks) in male C57BL/6J Sirt2 knockout mice, cardiac-specific SIRT2 transgenic (SIRT2-Tg) mice, and their respective littermates (8 to ≈12 weeks old). Metformin (200 mg/kg/d) was used to treat wild-type and Sirt2 knockout mice infused with Ang II. Cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac function were examined in these mice. RESULTS SIRT2 protein expression levels were downregulated in hypertrophic hearts from mice. Sirt2 knockout markedly exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and decreased cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening in aged (24-month-old) mice and Ang II-infused mice. Conversely, cardiac-specific SIRT2 overexpression protected the hearts against Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and rescued cardiac function. Mechanistically, SIRT2 maintained the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in aged and Ang II-induced hypertrophic hearts in vivo as well as in cardiomyocytes in vitro. We identified the liver kinase B1 (LKB1), the major upstream kinase of AMPK, as the direct target of SIRT2. SIRT2 bound to LKB1 and deacetylated it at lysine 48, which promoted the phosphorylation of LKB1 and the subsequent activation of LKB1-AMPK signaling. Remarkably, the loss of SIRT2 blunted the response of AMPK to metformin treatment in mice infused with Ang II and repressed the metformin-mediated reduction of cardiac hypertrophy and protection of cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS SIRT2 promotes AMPK activation by deacetylating the kinase LKB1. Loss of SIRT2 reduces AMPK activation, promotes aging-related and Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and blunts metformin-mediated cardioprotective effects. These findings indicate that SIRT2 will be a potential target for therapeutic interventions in aging- and stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - Nan-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - Xiao-Man Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - Shu-Ting Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - Yun-Biao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - De-Long Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - Zhu-Qin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (M.-H.Z)
| | - De-Pei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.T., X.-F.C., N.-Y.W., X.-M.W., S.-T.L., W.Z., X.Z., D.-L.H., Z.-Q.Z., H.-Z.C., D.-P.L.)
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507
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Ruan Q, Ruan J, Zhang W, Qian F, Yu Z. Targeting NAD + degradation: The therapeutic potential of flavonoids for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive frailty. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:345-358. [PMID: 28847709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are efficacious candidates as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), aging and other age-related chronic inflammatory diseases. Natural flavonoids reduce pathological hallmarks, extracellular amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles by mediating amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, Aβ accumulation and tau pathology. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as modulation of sirtuins and telomeres are also involved in the amelioration of aging, neurodegeneration and other age-related diseases. Recently, some flavonoids were shown to inhibit poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and cyclic ADP-ribose (cADP) synthases (CD38 and CD157), elevate intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+) levels and activate NAD+ dependent sirtuin -mediated signaling pathways. We summarized how flavonoids reduce the degradation of NAD+ with an emphasis on the mechanisms through which flavonoids affect the NAD+-sirtuin axis to protect against AD. Aging and age-related diseases as well as a decline in the physiological reserve are the risk factors for cognitive frailty. Flavonoids with multiple therapeutic targets may also be potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Ruan
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhuowei Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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508
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Liu S, Ji S, Yu ZJ, Wang HL, Cheng X, Li WJ, Jing L, Yu Y, Chen Q, Yang LL, Li GB, Wu Y. Structure-based discovery of new selective small-molecule sirtuin 5 inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:257-268. [PMID: 28756638 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a protein deacylase regulating metabolic pathways and stress responses and is implicated in metabolism-related diseases. Small-molecule inhibitors for SIRT5 are sought as chemical tools and potential therapeutics. Herein, we proposed a customized virtual screening approach targeting catalytically important and unique residues Tyr102 and Arg105 of SIRT5. Of the 20 tested virtual screening hits, six compounds displayed marked inhibitory activities against SIRT5. For the hit compound 19, a series of newly synthesized (E)-2-cyano-N-phenyl-3-(5-phenylfuran-2-yl)acrylamide derivatives/analogues were carried out structure-activity relationship analyses, resulting in new more potent inhibitors, among which 37 displayed the most potent inhibition to SIRT5 with an IC50 value of 5.59 ± 0.75 μM. The biochemical studies revealed that 37 likely acts via competitive inhibition with the succinyl-lysine substrate, rather than the NAD+ cofactor, and it manifested substantial selectivity for SIRT5 over SIRT2 and SIRT6. This study will aid further efforts to develop new selective SIRT5 inhibitors as tools and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Jing
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yamei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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509
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Tang X, Chen XF, Chen HZ, Liu DP. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in cardiometabolic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2063-2078. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are heterogeneous and essentially contribute to cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction compromises overall cell functioning, tissue damage, and diseases. The advances in mitochondrion biology increase our understanding of mitochondrial dynamics, bioenergetics, and redox homeostasis, and subsequently, their functions in tissue homeostasis and diseases, including cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). The functions of mitochondria mainly rely on the enzymes in their matrix. Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases. Three members of the Sirtuin family (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) are located in the mitochondrion. These mitochondrial Sirtuins regulate energy and redox metabolism as well as mitochondrial dynamics in the mitochondrial matrix and are involved in cardiovascular homeostasis and CMDs. In this review, we discuss the advances in our understanding of mitochondrial Sirtuins in mitochondrion biology and CMDs, including cardiac remodeling, pulmonary artery hypertension, and vascular dysfunction. The potential therapeutic strategies by targetting mitochondrial Sirtuins to improve mitochondrial function in CMDs are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - De-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
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510
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Abstract
We present the hypothesis that an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria initiates a signaling cascade leading to motor neuron and muscle fiber death and culminating in sarcopenia. Interactions between neural and muscle cells that contain dysfunctional mitochondria exacerbate sarcopenia. Preventing sarcopenia will require identifying mitochondrial sources of dysfunction that are reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Alway
- 1Division of Exercise Physiology; 2Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, and Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics; and 3Centers for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
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511
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Nopparat C, Sinjanakhom P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin reverses H 2 O 2 -induced senescence in SH-SY5Y cells by enhancing autophagy via sirtuin 1 deacetylation of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28295567 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a degradation mechanism that plays a major role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and diminishes in aging, is considered an aging characteristic. Melatonin is an important hormone that plays a wide range of physiological functions, including the anti-aging effect, potentially via the regulation of the Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) pathway. The deacetylation ability of SIRT1 is important for controlling the function of several transcription factors, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB). Apart from inflammation, NF-ĸB can regulate autophagy by inhibiting Beclin1, an initiator of autophagy. Although numerous studies have revealed the role of melatonin in regulating autophagy, very limited experiments have shown that melatonin can increase autophagic activity via SIRT1 in a senescent model. This study focuses on the effect of melatonin on autophagy via the deacetylation activity of SIRT1 on RelA/p65, a subunit of NF-ĸB, to determine whether melatonin can attenuate the aging condition. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with H2 O2 to induce the senescent state. These results demonstrated that melatonin reduced a number of beta-galactosidase (SA-βgal)-positive cells, a senescent marker. In addition, melatonin increased the protein levels of SIRT1, Beclin1, and LC3-II, a hallmark protein of autophagy, and reduced the levels of acetylated-Lys310 in the p65 subunit of NF-ĸB in SH-SY5Y cells treated with H2 O2 . Furthermore, in the presence of SIRT1 inhibitor, melatonin failed to increase autophagic markers. The present data indicate that melatonin enhances autophagic activity via the SIRT1 signaling pathway. Taken together, we propose that in modulating autophagy, melatonin may provide a therapeutically beneficial role in the anti-aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Puritat Sinjanakhom
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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512
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Imamura H, Yamaguchi T, Nagayama D, Saiki A, Shirai K, Tatsuno I. Resveratrol Ameliorates Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int Heart J 2017; 58:577-583. [PMID: 28701674 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol has been reported to have potent anti-atherosclerotic effects in animal studies. However, there are few interventional studies in human patients with atherosclerogenic diseases. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) reflects arterial stiffness and is a clinical surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on arterial stiffness assessed by CAVI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 50 patients with T2DM received supplement of a 100mg resveratrol tablet (total resveratrol: oligo-stilbene 27.97 mg/100 mg/day) or placebo daily for 12 weeks. CAVI was assessed at baseline and the end of study. Body weight (BW), blood pressure (BP), glucose and lipid metabolic parameters, and diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs; an oxidative stress marker) were also measured.Resveratrol supplementation decreased systolic BP (-5.5 ± 13.0 mmHg), d-ROMs (-25.6 ± 41.8 U.CARR), and CAVI (-0.4 ± 0.7) significantly (P < 0.05) and decreased BW (-0.8 ± 2.1 kg, P = 0.083) and body mass index (-0.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2, P = 0.092) slightly compared to baseline, while there were no significant changes in the placebo group. Decreases in CAVI and d-ROMs were significantly greater in the resveratrol group than in the placebo group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified resveratrol supplementation as an independent predictor for a CAVI decrease of more than 0.5.In conclusion, 12-week resveratrol supplementation may improve arterial stiffness and reduce oxidative stress in patients with T2DM. Resveratrol may be beneficial in preventing the development of atherosclerosis induced by diabetes. However, a large-scale cohort study is required to validate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Imamura
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center
| | - Daiji Nagayama
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center
| | - Atsuhito Saiki
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center
| | - Kohji Shirai
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center
| | - Ichiro Tatsuno
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center
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513
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Regnault V, Lacolley P. Sirtuin 1 steers anti-inflammatory effects in vascular smooth muscle cells: protection without burden? Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1096-1098. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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514
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Garrido A, Djouder N. NAD + Deficits in Age-Related Diseases and Cancer. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:593-610. [PMID: 28780936 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of aging has gained widespread attention in recent times. Although significant advances have been made to better understand aging and its related pathologies including cancer, there is not yet a clear mechanism explaining why diseases and cancer are inherent parts of the aging process. Finding a unifying equation that could bridge aging and its related diseases would allow therapeutic development and solve an immense human health problem to live longer and better. In this review, we discuss NAD+ reduction as the central mechanism that may connect aging to its related pathologies and cancer. NAD+ boosters would ensure and ameliorate health quality during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Garrido
- Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNIO, Madrid, Spain.
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515
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Balasubramanian P, Howell PR, Anderson RM. Aging and Caloric Restriction Research: A Biological Perspective With Translational Potential. EBioMedicine 2017; 21:37-44. [PMID: 28648985 PMCID: PMC5514430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging as a research pursuit is fairly new compared with traditional lines of medical research. A growing field of investigators is focused on understanding how changes in tissue biology, physiology, and systemic homeostasis, conspire to create increased vulnerability to disease as a function of age. Aging research as a discipline is necessarily broad; in part because aging itself is multi-faceted and in part because different model systems are employed to define the underlying biology. In this review we outline aspects of aging research that are likely to uncover the pivotal events leading to age-related disease vulnerability. We focus on studies of human aging and discuss the value of research on caloric restriction, an intervention with proven efficacy in delaying aging. We propose that studies such as these will deliver target factors and processes that create vulnerability in human aging, an advance that would potentially be transformative in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Porsha R Howell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53792, United States; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, United States.
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516
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Yang L, Ma X, Yuan C, He Y, Li L, Fang S, Xia W, He T, Qian S, Xu Z, Li G, Wang Z. Discovery of 2-((4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)thio)- N -phenylacetamide derivatives as new potent and selective human sirtuin 2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:230-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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517
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Li Y, Meng X, Wang W, Liu F, Hao Z, Yang Y, Zhao J, Yin W, Xu L, Zhao R, Hu J. Cardioprotective Effects of SIRT6 in a Mouse Model of Transverse Aortic Constriction-Induced Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2017; 8:394. [PMID: 28659816 PMCID: PMC5468374 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT6, a member of the NAD (+)-dependent class III deacetylase sirtuin family, plays important roles in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Telomere shortening is a risk factor for age-associated diseases, including heart disease. In the present study, we investigated the role of SIRT6 and telomerase in a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure. SIRT6, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and telomere repeat binding factor (TRF)-1 were significantly downregulated in TAC mice compared with their expression in sham-operated mice. Lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of SIRT6 upregulated TERT and TRF1 and increased the survival of mice after TAC. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements as well as histological analyses indicated that SIRT6 overexpression attenuated TAC-induced heart dysfunction and decreased TAC-induced cardiac inflammatory responses, reducing cardiac fibrosis and decreasing infarct size. Taken together, our findings indicate that SIRT6 protects the myocardium against damage and this effect may be mediated by the modulation of telomeres. Our findings linking SIRT6 and telomere integrity in the heart warrant further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and support SIRT6 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Xianda Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian (Municipal) Friendship HospitalDalian, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Zhiru Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Wensi Yin
- Department of Institution of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Institution of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ruiping Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China.,Tanslational Medicine Center, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Tanslational Medicine Center, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
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518
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Martucci M, Ostan R, Biondi F, Bellavista E, Fabbri C, Bertarelli C, Salvioli S, Capri M, Franceschi C, Santoro A. Mediterranean diet and inflammaging within the hormesis paradigm. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:442-455. [PMID: 28595318 PMCID: PMC5914347 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A coherent set of epidemiological data shows that the Mediterranean diet has beneficial effects capable of preventing a variety of age-related diseases in which low-grade, chronic inflammation/inflammaging plays a major role, but the underpinning mechanism(s) is/are still unclear. It is suggested here that the Mediterranean diet can be conceptualized as a form of chronic hormetic stress, similar to what has been proposed regarding calorie restriction, the most thoroughly studied nutritional intervention. Data on the presence in key Mediterranean foods of a variety of compounds capable of exerting hormetic effects are summarized, and the mechanistic role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 pathway is highlighted. Within this conceptual framework, particular attention has been devoted to the neurohormetic and neuroprotective properties of the Mediterranean diet, as well as to its ability to maintain an optimal balance between pro- and anti-inflammaging. Finally, the European Commission-funded project NU-AGE is discussed because it addresses a number of variables not commonly taken into consideration, such as age, sex, and ethnicity/genetics, that can modulate the hormetic effect of the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Martucci
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Biondi
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bellavista
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Fabbri
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Bertarelli
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
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519
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Mitophagy Transcriptome: Mechanistic Insights into Polyphenol-Mediated Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017. [PMID: 28626500 PMCID: PMC5463118 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9028435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important bioenergetic and signalling hubs critical for myriad cellular functions and homeostasis. Dysfunction in mitochondria is a central theme in aging and diseases. Mitophagy, a process whereby damaged mitochondria are selectively removed by autophagy, plays a key homeostatic role in mitochondrial quality control. Upregulation of mitophagy has shown to mitigate superfluous mitochondrial accumulation and toxicity to safeguard mitochondrial fitness. Hence, mitophagy is a viable target to promote longevity and prevent age-related pathologies. Current challenge in modulating mitophagy for cellular protection involves identification of physiological ways to activate the pathway. Till date, mitochondrial stress and toxins remain the most potent inducers of mitophagy. Polyphenols have recently been demonstrated to protect mitochondrial health by facilitating mitophagy, thus suggesting the exciting prospect of augmenting mitophagy through dietary intake. In this review, we will first discuss the different surveillance mechanisms responsible for the removal of damaged mitochondrial components, followed by highlighting the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy. Finally, we will review the functional connection between polyphenols and mitophagy and provide insight into the underlying mechanisms that potentially govern polyphenol-induced mitophagy.
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520
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Hill LJ, Williams AC. Meat Intake and the Dose of Vitamin B 3 - Nicotinamide: Cause of the Causes of Disease Transitions, Health Divides, and Health Futures? Int J Tryptophan Res 2017; 10:1178646917704662. [PMID: 28579801 PMCID: PMC5419340 DOI: 10.1177/1178646917704662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat and vitamin B3 - nicotinamide - intake was high during hunter-gatherer times. Intake then fell and variances increased during and after the Neolithic agricultural revolution. Health, height, and IQ deteriorated. Low dietary doses are buffered by 'welcoming' gut symbionts and tuberculosis that can supply nicotinamide, but this co-evolved homeostatic metagenomic strategy risks dysbioses and impaired resistance to pathogens. Vitamin B3 deficiency may now be common among the poor billions on a low-meat diet. Disease transitions to non-communicable inflammatory disorders (but longer lives) may be driven by positive 'meat transitions'. High doses of nicotinamide lead to reduced regulatory T cells and immune intolerance. Loss of no longer needed symbiotic 'old friends' compounds immunological over-reactivity to cause allergic and auto-immune diseases. Inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consumers and loss of methyl groups or production of toxins may cause cancers, metabolic toxicity, or neurodegeneration. An optimal dosage of vitamin B3 could lead to better health, but such a preventive approach needs more equitable meat distribution. Some people may require personalised doses depending on genetic make-up or, temporarily, when under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Hill
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adrian C Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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521
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Molina-Serrano D, Kirmizis A. Calorie restriction breaks an epigenetic barrier to longevity. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:821-822. [PMID: 28319441 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1304745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Molina-Serrano
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus.,b Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes , CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes , France
| | - Antonis Kirmizis
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus
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522
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Williams AC, Hill LJ. Meat and Nicotinamide: A Causal Role in Human Evolution, History, and Demographics. Int J Tryptophan Res 2017; 10:1178646917704661. [PMID: 28579800 PMCID: PMC5417583 DOI: 10.1177/1178646917704661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hunting for meat was a critical step in all animal and human evolution. A key brain-trophic element in meat is vitamin B3 / nicotinamide. The supply of meat and nicotinamide steadily increased from the Cambrian origin of animal predators ratcheting ever larger brains. This culminated in the 3-million-year evolution of Homo sapiens and our overall demographic success. We view human evolution, recent history, and agricultural and demographic transitions in the light of meat and nicotinamide intake. A biochemical and immunological switch is highlighted that affects fertility in the 'de novo' tryptophan-to-kynurenine-nicotinamide 'immune tolerance' pathway. Longevity relates to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consumer pathways. High meat intake correlates with moderate fertility, high intelligence, good health, and longevity with consequent population stability, whereas low meat/high cereal intake (short of starvation) correlates with high fertility, disease, and population booms and busts. Too high a meat intake and fertility falls below replacement levels. Reducing variances in meat consumption might help stabilise population growth and improve human capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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523
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Yamaguchi S, Yoshino J. Adipose tissue NAD + biology in obesity and insulin resistance: From mechanism to therapy. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28295415 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) biosynthetic pathway, mediated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a key NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme, plays a pivotal role in controlling many biological processes, such as metabolism, circadian rhythm, inflammation, and aging. Over the past decade, NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis, together with its key downstream mediator, namely the NAD+ -dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1, has been demonstrated to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in a tissue-dependent manner. These discoveries have provided novel mechanistic and therapeutic insights into obesity and its metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, an important risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This review will focus on the importance of adipose tissue NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis and SIRT1 in the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance. We will also critically explore translational and clinical aspects of adipose tissue NAD+ biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Yamaguchi
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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524
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Hattori T, Kaji M, Ishii H, Jureepon R, Takarada-Iemata M, Minh Ta H, Manh Le T, Konno A, Hirai H, Shiraishi Y, Ozaki N, Yamamoto Y, Okamoto H, Yokoyama S, Higashida H, Kitao Y, Hori O. CD38 positively regulates postnatal development of astrocytes cell-autonomously and oligodendrocytes non-cell-autonomously. Glia 2017; 65:974-989. [PMID: 28295574 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glial development is critical for the function of the central nervous system. CD38 is a multifunctional molecule with ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity. While critical roles of CD38 in the adult brain such as oxytocin release and social behavior have been reported, those in the developing brain remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that deletion of Cd38 leads to impaired development of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in mice. CD38 is highly expressed in the developing brains between postnatal day 14 (P14) and day 28 (P28). In situ hybridization and FACS analysis revealed that CD38 is expressed predominantly in astrocytes in these periods. Analyses of the cortex of Cd38 knockout (Cd38-/- ) mice revealed delayed development of astrocytes and subsequently delayed differentiation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) at postnatal stages. In vitro experiments using primary OL cultures, mixed glial cultures, and astrocytic conditioned medium showed that astrocytic CD38 regulates the development of astrocytes in a cell-autonomous manner and the differentiation of OLs in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Further experiments revealed that connexin43 (Cx43) in astrocytes plays a promotive role for CD38-mediated OL differentiation. Finally, increased levels of NAD+ , caused by CD38 deficiency, are likely to be responsible for the suppression of astrocytic Cx43 expression and OL differentiation. Our data indicate that CD38 is a positive regulator of astrocyte and OL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Kaji
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Roboon Jureepon
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hieu Minh Ta
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Thuong Manh Le
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ayumu Konno
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Shiraishi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitao
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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525
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Abstract
Here, we review three sets of key proteins and their corresponding downstream pathways that have been linked to extending lifespan and promoting health span in a wide range of organisms. In particular, we review the biology of the sirtuin family of proteins, the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Using insights derived from simple model organisms, mice, and humans we discuss how these proteins and pathways may potentially alter the rate of aging. We further describe how knowledge of these pathways may lead to the rational design of small molecules that modulate aging and hence alter the propensity for a host of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Pan
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Toren Finkel
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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526
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Matilainen O, Quirós PM, Auwerx J. Mitochondria and Epigenetics - Crosstalk in Homeostasis and Stress. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:453-463. [PMID: 28274652 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Through epigenetic mechanisms cells integrate environmental stimuli to fine-tune gene expression levels. Mitochondrial function is essential to provide the intermediate metabolites necessary to generate and modify epigenetic marks in the nucleus, which in turn can regulate the expression of mitochondrial proteins. In this review we summarize the function of mitochondria in the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms as a new aspect of mitonuclear communication. We focus in particular on the most common epigenetic modifications - histone acetylation and histone and DNA methylation. We also discuss the emerging field of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation, whose physiological role remains unknown. Finally, we describe the essential role of some histone modifications in regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and the mitochondrial stress-dependent lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Matilainen
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro M Quirós
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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527
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Grabowska W, Sikora E, Bielak-Zmijewska A. Sirtuins, a promising target in slowing down the ageing process. Biogerontology 2017; 18:447-476. [PMID: 28258519 PMCID: PMC5514220 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a plastic process and can be successfully modulated by some biomedical approaches or pharmaceutics. In this manner it is possible to delay or even prevent some age-related pathologies. There are some defined interventions, which give promising results in animal models or even in human studies, resulting in lifespan elongation or healthspan improvement. One of the most promising targets for anti-ageing approaches are proteins belonging to the sirtuin family. Sirtuins were originally discovered as transcription repressors in yeast, however, nowadays they are known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes (including mammals). In humans the family consists of seven members (SIRT1-7) that possess either mono-ADP ribosyltransferase or deacetylase activity. It is believed that sirtuins play key role during cell response to a variety of stresses, such as oxidative or genotoxic stress and are crucial for cell metabolism. Although some data put in question direct involvement of sirtuins in extending human lifespan, it was documented that proper lifestyle including physical activity and diet can influence healthspan via increasing the level of sirtuins. The search for an activator of sirtuins is one of the most extensive and robust topic of research. Some hopes are put on natural compounds, including curcumin. In this review we summarize the involvement and usefulness of sirtuins in anti-ageing interventions and discuss the potential role of curcumin in sirtuins regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Grabowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bielak-Zmijewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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528
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Tasselli L, Zheng W, Chua KF. SIRT6: Novel Mechanisms and Links to Aging and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:168-185. [PMID: 27836583 PMCID: PMC5326594 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6, a member of the Sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent enzymes, has established roles in chromatin signaling and genome maintenance. Through these functions, SIRT6 protects against aging-associated pathologies including metabolic disease and cancer, and can promote longevity in mice. Research from the past few years revealed that SIRT6 is a complex enzyme with multiple substrates and catalytic activities, and uncovered novel SIRT6 functions in the maintenance of organismal health span. Here, we review these new discoveries and models of SIRT6 biology in four areas: heterochromatin stabilization and silencing; stem cell biology; cancer initiation and progression; and regulation of metabolic homeostasis. We discuss the possible implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions in aging and aging-related disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Tasselli
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Katrin F Chua
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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529
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Deota S, Shukla N, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Spatio-Temporal Control of Cellular and Organismal Physiology by Sirtuins. J Indian Inst Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-016-0018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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530
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Liu F, Chang HC. Physiological links of circadian clock and biological clock of aging. Protein Cell 2017; 8:477-488. [PMID: 28108951 PMCID: PMC5498335 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms orchestrate biochemical and physiological processes in living organisms to respond the day/night cycle. In mammals, nearly all cells hold self-sustained circadian clocks meanwhile couple the intrinsic rhythms to systemic changes in a hierarchical manner. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus functions as the master pacemaker to initiate daily synchronization according to the photoperiod, in turn determines the phase of peripheral cellular clocks through a variety of signaling relays, including endocrine rhythms and metabolic cycles. With aging, circadian desynchrony occurs at the expense of peripheral metabolic pathologies and central neurodegenerative disorders with sleep symptoms, and genetic ablation of circadian genes in model organisms resembled the aging-related features. Notably, a number of studies have linked longevity nutrient sensing pathways in modulating circadian clocks. Therapeutic strategies that bridge the nutrient sensing pathways and circadian clock might be rational designs to defy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hung-Chun Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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531
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Impact of Yoga and Meditation on Cellular Aging in Apparently Healthy Individuals: A Prospective, Open-Label Single-Arm Exploratory Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7928981. [PMID: 28191278 PMCID: PMC5278216 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7928981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the impact of Yoga and Meditation based lifestyle intervention (YMLI) on cellular aging in apparently healthy individuals. During this 12-week prospective, open-label, single arm exploratory study, 96 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled to receive YMLI. The primary endpoints were assessment of the change in levels of cardinal biomarkers of cellular aging in blood from baseline to week 12, which included DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH2dG), oxidative stress markers reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and telomere attrition markers telomere length and telomerase activity. The secondary endpoints were assessment of metabotrophic blood biomarkers associated with cellular aging, which included cortisol, β-endorphin, IL-6, BDNF, and sirtuin-1. After 12 weeks of YMLI, there were significant improvements in both the cardinal biomarkers of cellular aging and the metabotrophic biomarkers influencing cellular aging compared to baseline values. The mean levels of 8-OH2dG, ROS, cortisol, and IL-6 were significantly lower and mean levels of TAC, telomerase activity, β-endorphin, BDNF, and sirtuin-1 were significantly increased (all values p < 0.05) post-YMLI. The mean level of telomere length was increased but the finding was not significant (p = 0.069). YMLI significantly reduced the rate of cellular aging in apparently healthy population.
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532
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Wang HL, Liu S, Yu ZJ, Wu C, Cheng L, Wang Y, Chen K, Zhou S, Chen Q, Yu Y, Li GB. Interactions between sirtuins and fluorogenic small-molecule substrates offer insights into inhibitor design. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical and crystallographic analyses of small-molecule substrates with sirtuins provide thermodynamic insights and key pharmacophore features for inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Sha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Chengyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Linna Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yamei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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533
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Martínez-Moñino AB, Zapata-Pérez R, García-Saura AG, Cabanes J, Sánchez-Ferrer Á. A new cross-linked enzyme aggregate biocatalyst for NAD+-booster production. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates of NMN deamidase were produced with enhanced stability and reusability to obtain nicotinic acid mononucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Martínez-Moñino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A
- Faculty of Biology
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- Campus Espinardo
| | - Rubén Zapata-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A
- Faculty of Biology
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- Campus Espinardo
| | - Antonio-Ginés García-Saura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A
- Faculty of Biology
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- Campus Espinardo
| | - Juana Cabanes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A
- Faculty of Biology
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- Campus Espinardo
| | - Álvaro Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A
- Faculty of Biology
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- Campus Espinardo
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534
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Could Sirtuin Activities Modify ALS Onset and Progression? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:1147-1160. [PMID: 27942908 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a complex etiology. Sirtuins have been implicated as disease-modifying factors in several neurological disorders, and in the past decade, attempts have been made to check if manipulating Sirtuin activities and levels could confer benefit in terms of neuroprotection and survival in ALS models. The efforts have largely focused on mutant SOD1, and while limited in scope, the results were largely positive. Here, the body of work linking Sirtuins with ALS is reviewed, with discussions on how Sirtuins and their activities may impact on the major etiological mechanisms of ALS. Moving forward, it is important that the potentially beneficial effect of Sirtuins in ALS disease onset and progression are assessed in ALS models with TDP-43, FUS, and C9orf72 mutations.
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