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Nopparat C, Boontor A, Kutpruek S, Govitrapong P. The role of melatonin in amyloid beta-induced inflammation mediated by inflammasome signaling in neuronal cell lines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17841. [PMID: 37857668 PMCID: PMC10587142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. In addition to amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau, neuroinflammation is a crucial element in the etiology of this disease. However, the relevance of inflammasome-induced pyroptosis to AD is unknown. We aimed to clarify whether the anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin could prevent Aβ-mediated activation of the inflammasome. We demonstrated that Aβ upregulated NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase caspase (caspase 1) expression in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, resulting in the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Melatonin prevented inflammasome signaling and excessive cytokine release caused by Aβ. We found that ethyl 2[(2-chlorophenyl)(hydroxy) methyl]acrylate (INF-4E, NLRP3 and caspase 1 inhibitor) significantly abolished Aβ-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression. The increase in cleaved-caspase 1, pro-IL18, and cleaved-IL18 caused by Aβ suggested the occurrence of pyroptosis, which was further confirmed by the increased expression of N-terminal gasdermin D (N-GSDMD). Melatonin plays a protective role against Aβ-induced inflammation via an inflammasome-associated mechanism that is essential in inducing the active forms of cytokines and pyroptosis. The ability of melatonin to inhibit inflammasome may represent a turning point in the treatment of AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikorn Nopparat
- Innovative Learning Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Anuttree Boontor
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchanoot Kutpruek
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Saisawang C, Priewkhiew S, Wongsantichon J, Reamtong O, Nopparat C, Mukda S, Ketterman AJ, Govitrapong P. Characterization of endotoxin free protein production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for the study of Parkinson model in SH-SY5Y differentiated cells. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 203:106212. [PMID: 36481372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human neuronal cells are a more appropriate cell model for neurological disease studies such as Alzheimer and Parkinson's disease. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells have been widely used for differentiation into a mature neuronal cell phenotype. The cellular differentiation process begins with retinoic acid incubation, followed by incubation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a recombinant protein produced in E. coli cells. Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major component of the outer membrane of bacterial cells that triggers the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ultimately cell death. Consequently, any endotoxin contamination of the recombinant BDNF used for cell culture experiments would impact on data interpretation. Therefore, in this study, we expressed the BDNF recombinant protein in bacterial endotoxin-free cells that were engineered to modify the oligosaccharide chain of LPS rendering the LPS unable to trigger the immune response of human cells. The expression of DCX and MAP-2 in differentiated cells indicate that in-house and commercial BDNF are equally effective in inducing differentiation. This suggests that our in-house BDNF protein can be used to differentiate SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells without the need for an endotoxin removal step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonticha Saisawang
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Suphansa Priewkhiew
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Jantana Wongsantichon
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Innovative Learning Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthol Road 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Albert J Ketterman
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
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Chaidee N, Kraiwattanapirom N, Pannengpetch S, Nopparat C, Govitrapong P, Siripornpanich V, Suwanjang W, Nudmamud-Thanoi S, Chetsawang B. Cognitive impairment and changes of red blood cell components and serum levels of IL-6, IL-18, and L-tryptophan in methamphetamine abusers. Am J Neurodegener Dis 2023; 12:1-15. [PMID: 36937109 PMCID: PMC10018000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The deficit in cognitive function is more concerning in methamphetamine (MA) users. The cognitive deficit was suspected to be the consequence of neuroinflammation-induced neurological dysregulation. In addition, activating the key enzyme in the tryptophan metabolic pathway by pro-inflammatory cytokines results in metabolite toxicity, further generating cognitive impairments. However, the evidence for the role of neuroinflammation and tryptophan metabolites involved in MA-induced cognitive deficit needs more conclusive study. OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aimed to determine blood-inflammatory markers, tryptophan metabolite-related molecules, and cognitive function in MA abusers compared to healthy control (HC) participants. METHODS The cognitive functions were evaluated using Stroop, Go/No-Go, One Back Task (OBT), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 (WCST-64). Blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count (CBC) analysis, serum inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 and tryptophan metabolites. RESULTS MA group exhibited poor cognitive performance in selective attention, inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, concept formation and processing speed compared to HC. Reduction in red blood cell (RBC) components but induction in white blood cells (WBCs) and IL-6 were observed in MA abusers, which might indicate anemia of (systemic chronic low-grade) inflammation. In addition, the depletion of precursor in the tryptophan metabolic pathway, L-tryptophan was also observed in MA users, which might represent induction in tryptophan metabolites. CONCLUSION These findings emphasize that blood biomarkers might be a surrogate marker to predict the role of neuroinflammation and abnormal tryptophan metabolite in MA-induced cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutthika Chaidee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol UniversitySalaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Natcharee Kraiwattanapirom
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol UniversitySalaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Supitcha Pannengpetch
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol UniversitySalaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Innovative Learning Center, Srinakharinwirot UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Vorasith Siripornpanich
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol UniversitySalaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Suwanjang
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol UniversitySalaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy and Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Banthit Chetsawang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol UniversitySalaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Kunwittaya S, Ruksee N, Khamnong T, Jiawiwatkul A, Kleebpung N, Chumchua V, Plitponkarnpim A, Nopparat C, Permpoonputtana K. Inorganic arsenic contamination and the health of children living near an inactive mining site: northern Thailand. EXCLI J 2022; 21:1007-1014. [PMID: 36110556 PMCID: PMC9441675 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a global health problem affecting millions of people. Contamination is caused by arsenic from natural geological sources leaching into aquifers, contaminating drinking water, and may also be caused by mining and other industrial processes. Acute arsenic poisoning is associated with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhea. Chronic arsenic toxicity results in multisystemic diseases leading to central nervous system (CNS) impairments such as cognitive or intellectual deficits in children. Over the past ten years, arsenic contamination has been reported in northern Thailand. The Ministry of Public Health; Thailand, Forensic Science Institute Thammasat University, and the Research Center to Promote Safety and Prevent Injuries in Children at the Ramathibodi Hospital compiled a report on the health impact of the population within a 10 kilometer radius around a mine tailing in the Phichit, Phitsanulok, and Phetchabun Provinces of Thailand. It showed that more than 30 % of children (aged 8-13 years) had higher than normal arsenic contamination levels based on the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). After the publication of that report, the mine was temporarily closed in 2016. Based on this data, this research aimed to follow arsenic contamination after the mining operation had stopped operation for three years. The study showed that 4.5 % of school aged children had levels of inorganic arsenic in their urine, higher than the normal range (ATSDR), showing clearly that inorganic arsenic contamination is still above the normal range in children living near an inactive mining site. Therefore, monitoring heavy metal contamination in Thailand and the health effects on vulnerable children who live near mines during regular operation or after being temporarily suspended can prevent and mitigate possible health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarun Kunwittaya
- National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Nootchanart Ruksee
- National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Thirata Khamnong
- National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Athiwat Jiawiwatkul
- National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Nonthasruang Kleebpung
- National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Vasunun Chumchua
- National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Adisak Plitponkarnpim
- National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand,Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Innovative Learning Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Kannika Permpoonputtana
- National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Kannika Permpoonputtana, National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Phone: (662) 441-0602, Fax: (662) 441-0167, E-mail:
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Nopparat C, Boontor A, Panmanee J, Govitrapong P. Melatonin Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Alteration of Amyloid β Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme Expressions via Melatonin Receptor in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1086-1095. [PMID: 35648367 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prominent neurodegenerative disease represented by the loss of memory and cognitive impairment symptoms and is one of the major health imperilments among the elderly. Amyloid (Aβ) deposit inside the neuron is one of the characteristic pathological hallmarks of this disease, leading to neuronal cell death. In the amyloidogenic processing, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved by beta-secretase and γ-secretase to generate Aβ. Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug that causes neurodegeneration and detrimental cognitive deficits. The analogy between the neurotoxic and neurodegenerative profile of METH and AD pathology necessitates an exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we found that METH ineluctably affects APP processing, which might contribute to the marked production of Aβ in human neuroblastoma cells. Melatonin, an indolamine produced and released by the pineal gland as well as other extrapineal, has been protective against METH-induced neurodegenerative processes, thus rescuing neuronal cell death. However, the precise action of melatonin on METH has yet to be determined. We further propose to investigate the protective properties of melatonin on METH-induced APP-cleaving secretases. Pretreatment with melatonin significantly reversed METH-induced APP-cleaving secretases and Aβ production. In addition, pretreatment with luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist, significantly prevented the protective effect of melatonin, suggesting that the attenuation of the toxic effect on METH-induced APP processing by melatonin was mediated via melatonin receptor. The present results suggested that melatonin has a beneficial role in preventing Aβ generation in a cellular model of METH-induced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikorn Nopparat
- Innovative Learning Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Anuttree Boontor
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Panmanee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
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Nopparat C, Chaopae W, Boontem P, Sopha P, Wongchitrat P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Changes in Beta Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:2568-2579. [PMID: 33713326 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of metabolic diseases, has been suggested as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, how the metabolic pathway activates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing enzymes then contributes to the increase of amyloid-beta (Aβ) production, is not clearly understood. In the present study, we aimed to examine the protective effect of melatonin against hyperglycemia-induced alterations in the amyloidogenic pathway. High concentration of glucose was used to induce hyperglycemia in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We found that 30 mM glucose affected the expression of insulin receptors and glucose transporters, which indicated the disruption of glucose sensing. High glucose induced the activation of the phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt)/GSK-3β signaling pathway and a significant increase in the expression of β-site beta APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1), presenilin1 (PS1) and Aβ42. Pretreatment with melatonin significantly reversed these parameters. We also showed that these effects are similar to those effects in the presence of the GSK-3β blocker, N-(4-methoxybenyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl) urea (ARA) in glucose-treated hyperglycemic cells. These suggested that melatonin exerted an inhibitory effect on the activation of APP-cleaving enzymes via the GSK-3β signaling pathway. Pretreatment with luzindole, a melatonin receptor MT1 antagonist, significantly prevented the effect of melatonin on the glucose-induced increase level of APP processing enzymes. This suggested that melatonin attenuated the toxic effect on hyperglycemia involving the amyloidogenic pathway partially mediated via melatonin receptor. Taken together the present results suggested that melatonin has a beneficial role in preventing Aβ generation in a cellular model of hyperglycemia-induced DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Worawut Chaopae
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boontem
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Pattarawut Sopha
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
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Kamsrijai U, Wongchitrat P, Nopparat C, Satayavivad J, Govitrapong P. Melatonin attenuates streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer-like features in hyperglycemic rats. Neurochem Int 2020; 132:104601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Permpoonputtana K, Tangweerasing P, Mukda S, Boontem P, Nopparat C, Govitrapong P. Long-term administration of melatonin attenuates neuroinflammation in the aged mouse brain. EXCLI J 2018; 17:634-646. [PMID: 30108467 PMCID: PMC6088215 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is often accompanied by a decline in cognitive function in conjunction with a variety of neurobiological changes, including neuroinflammation. Melatonin is a key endogenous indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland that plays a crucial role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, is a potent free radical scavenger, has anti-inflammatory activity and serves numerous other functions. However, the role of melatonin in sterile inflammation in the brain has not been fully investigated. In the present study, we investigated the neuroinflammation status in aged mouse brains. The results showed that the protein levels of integrin αM (CD11b), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the major pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) and phosphor-nuclear factor kappa B (pNFκB) were significantly increased, while N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were down-regulated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of 22-months-old (aged) mice compared with 2-months-old (young adult) mice. Melatonin was administered in the drinking water to a cohort of the aged mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, beginning at an age of 16 months for 6 months. Our results revealed that melatonin significantly attenuated the alterations in these protein levels. The present study suggests an advantageous role for melatonin in anti-inflammation, and this may lead to the prevention of memory impairment in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patlada Tangweerasing
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand.,Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand
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Nopparat C, Sinjanakhom P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin reverses H 2 O 2 -induced senescence in SH-SY5Y cells by enhancing autophagy via sirtuin 1 deacetylation of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28295567 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a degradation mechanism that plays a major role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and diminishes in aging, is considered an aging characteristic. Melatonin is an important hormone that plays a wide range of physiological functions, including the anti-aging effect, potentially via the regulation of the Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) pathway. The deacetylation ability of SIRT1 is important for controlling the function of several transcription factors, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB). Apart from inflammation, NF-ĸB can regulate autophagy by inhibiting Beclin1, an initiator of autophagy. Although numerous studies have revealed the role of melatonin in regulating autophagy, very limited experiments have shown that melatonin can increase autophagic activity via SIRT1 in a senescent model. This study focuses on the effect of melatonin on autophagy via the deacetylation activity of SIRT1 on RelA/p65, a subunit of NF-ĸB, to determine whether melatonin can attenuate the aging condition. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with H2 O2 to induce the senescent state. These results demonstrated that melatonin reduced a number of beta-galactosidase (SA-βgal)-positive cells, a senescent marker. In addition, melatonin increased the protein levels of SIRT1, Beclin1, and LC3-II, a hallmark protein of autophagy, and reduced the levels of acetylated-Lys310 in the p65 subunit of NF-ĸB in SH-SY5Y cells treated with H2 O2 . Furthermore, in the presence of SIRT1 inhibitor, melatonin failed to increase autophagic markers. The present data indicate that melatonin enhances autophagic activity via the SIRT1 signaling pathway. Taken together, we propose that in modulating autophagy, melatonin may provide a therapeutically beneficial role in the anti-aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Puritat Sinjanakhom
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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Panmanee J, Nopparat C, Chavanich N, Shukla M, Mukda S, Song W, Vincent B, Govitrapong P. Melatonin regulates the transcription of βAPP-cleaving secretases mediated through melatonin receptors in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:308-20. [PMID: 26123100 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in the control of various physiological functions, such as sleep, cell growth and free radical scavenging. The ability of melatonin to behave as an antioxidant, together with the fact that the Alzheimer-related amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) triggers oxidative stress through hydroxyl radical-induced cell death, suggests that melatonin could reduce Alzheimer's pathology. Although the exact etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains to be established, excess Aβ is believed to be the primary contributor to the dysfunction and degeneration of neurons that occurs in AD. Aβ peptides are produced via the sequential cleavage of β-secretase β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase (PS1/PS2), while α-secretase (ADAM10) prevents the production of Aβ peptides. We hypothesized that melatonin could inhibit BACE1 and PS1/PS2 and enhance ADAM10 expression. Using the human neuronal SH-SY5Y cell line, we found that melatonin inhibited BACE1 and PS1 and activated ADAM10 mRNA level and protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner and mediated via melatonin G protein-coupled receptors. Melatonin inhibits BACE1 and PS1 protein expressions through the attenuation of nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation (pNF-κB). Moreover, melatonin reduced BACE1 promoter transactivation and consequently downregulated β-secretase catalytic activity. The present data show that melatonin is not only a potential regulator of β/γ-secretase but also an activator of α-secretase expression through the activation of protein kinase C, thereby favoring the nonamyloidogenic pathway over the amyloidogenic pathway. Altogether, our findings suggest that melatonin may be a potential therapeutic agent for reducing the risk of AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Panmanee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Napapit Chavanich
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Mayuri Shukla
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jenwitheesuk A, Nopparat C, Mukda S, Wongchitrat P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin regulates aging and neurodegeneration through energy metabolism, epigenetics, autophagy and circadian rhythm pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16848-84. [PMID: 25247581 PMCID: PMC4200827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is linked to certain types of neurodegenerative diseases and identifying new therapeutic targets has become critical. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, associates with molecules and signaling pathways that sense and influence energy metabolism, autophagy, and circadian rhythms, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Forkhead box O (FoxOs), sirtuins and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. This review summarizes the current understanding of how melatonin, together with molecular, cellular and systemic energy metabolisms, regulates epigenetic processes in the neurons. This information will lead to a greater understanding of molecular epigenetic aging of the brain and anti-aging mechanisms to increase lifespan under healthy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anorut Jenwitheesuk
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
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Nopparat C, Porter JE, Ebadi M, Govitrapong P. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cell death via autophagy through a Bcl-2/Beclin 1 complex-dependent pathway. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:225-32. [PMID: 24326530 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that the mechanism underlying drug-induced neuronal apoptosis is initiated by the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a neurotoxin, has been shown to initiate an apoptotic cascade by increasing ROS in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, leading to the morphological and physiological features associated with Parkinson's disease. Recently, it has been reported that autophagy, a type of programmed cell death independent of the apoptotic cascade, also plays a role in neuronal damage. Although autophagy is negatively regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin receptor (mTOR), there is some evidence showing a novel function for the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Bcl-2 is proposed to play a role in negatively regulating autophagy by blocking an essential protein in the signaling pathway, Beclin 1. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether autophagy is also correlated with apoptotic signaling in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) toxicity. Therefore, we hypothesized that the MPP(+) toxicity generally associated with initiating the apoptotic signaling cascade also increases an autophagic phenotype in neuronal cells. Using the SK-N-SH dopaminergic cell lines, we demonstrate that MPP(+) increases the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II), an autophagosome membrane marker and the mTOR signaling pathway, and Beclin 1 while decreasing the Bcl-2 levels. Moreover, these expressions correlate with a decreased binding ratio between Bcl-2 and Beclin 1, in effect limiting the regulation of the downstream autophagic markers, such as LC3-II. Our results indicate that MPP(+) can induce autophagy in SK-N-SH cells by decreasing the Bcl-2/Beclin 1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
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Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a common drug of abuse that induces toxicity in the central nervous system and is connected to neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. METH neurotoxicity is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Moreover, autophagy is an alternative to cell death and a means for eliminating dysfunctional organelles. In other cases, autophagy can end up in cell death. Nonetheless, it is not clear whether autophagy is also correlated with apoptotic signaling in drug-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, we hypothesized that METH-generated toxicity associated with initiating the apoptotic signaling cascade can also increase the autophagic phenotype in neuronal cells. Using the SK-N-SH dopaminergic cell line as our model system, we found that METH-induced autophagy by inhibiting dissociation of Bcl-2/Beclin 1 complex and its upstream pathway that thereby led to cell death. We uncovered a novel function for the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, as it played a role in negatively regulating autophagy by blocking an essential protein in the signaling pathway, Beclin 1. Furthermore, Bcl-2 was activated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK 1), which is upstream of Bcl-2 phosphorylation, to induce Bcl-2/Beclin 1 dissociation. Furthermore, we demonstrated a novel role for melatonin in protecting cells from autophagic cell death triggered by the Bcl-2/Beclin 1 pathway by inhibiting the activation of the JNK 1, Bcl-2 upstream pathway. This study provides information regarding the link between apoptosis and autophagy signaling, which could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies that exploit the neurotoxicity of drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
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Kongsuphol P, Mukda S, Nopparat C, Villarroel A, Govitrapong P. Melatonin attenuates methamphetamine-induced deactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling to induce autophagy in SK-N-SH cells. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:199-206. [PMID: 19054297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a commonly abused drug that damages nerve terminals by causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, apoptosis, and neuronal damage. Autophagy, a type of programmed cell death independent of apoptosis, is negatively regulated by the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. It is not known, however, whether autophagy is involved in METH-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, we investigated the effect of METH on autophagy and its upstream regulator, the mTOR signaling pathway. Using the SK-N-SH dopaminergic cell line, we found that METH induces the expression of LC3-II, a protein associated with the autophagosome membrane, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, METH inhibits the phosphorylation of mTOR and the action of its downstream target, the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E-binding protein, 4EBP1. Melatonin, a major secretory product of pineal, is a potent naturally produced antioxidant that acts through various mechanisms to ameliorate the toxic effects of ROS. We found that a pretreatment with melatonin enhances mTOR activity and 4EBP1 phosphorylation and protects against the formation of LC3-II in SK-N-SH cells exposed to METH. This work demonstrates a novel role for melatonin as a neuroprotective agent against METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patthara Kongsuphol
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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