501
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Neveu C, Baurhoo B, Mustafa A. Effect of feeding extruded flaxseed with different forage:concentrate ratios on the performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3886-94. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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502
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Effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seed extract on milk fatty acid profile and methane emission in lactating goat. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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503
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Abstract
AbstractMicroalgae are an alternative and sustainable source of lipids that can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Nitrate is a good nitrogen source for many microalgae and affects biomass and lipid yields of microalgae. In this study, the effect of nitrate on cell growth and lipid production and composition in Monoraphidium contortum, Tetraselmis suecica, and Chlorella minutissima was investigated. Nitrate affected the production of biomass and the production and composition of lipids of the three microalgae tested. Increasing the nitrate concentration in the culture medium resulted in increased biomass production and higher biomass productivity. Furthermore, increasing the nitrate concentration resulted in a reduction in lipid content and productivity in M. contortum; however, the opposite effect was observed in T. suecica and C. minutissima cultures. C. minutissima and M. contortum lipids contain high levels of oleic acid, with values ranging from 26 to 45.7% and 36.4 to 40.1%, respectively. The data suggest that because of its high lipid productivity (13.79 mg L−1 d−1) and high oleic acid productivity (3.78 mg L−1 d−1), Chlorella minutissima is a potential candidate for the production of high quality biodiesel.
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504
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Yi G, Haug A, Nyquist NF, Egelandsdal B. Hydroperoxide formation in different lean meats. Food Chem 2013; 141:2656-65. [PMID: 23871008 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Peroxide is one of the compounds that are indicated to be toxic in the human digestion system. Lean fresh meat samples were collected from beef, lamb, pork and chicken to investigate their hydroperoxide formation potential. Total peroxides of fresh comminuted raw meat were determined by analysing protein-bound peroxides and hydroperoxide compounds in water-methanol and chloroform extracted phases. The amount of total peroxides was ranked as: beef>pork>lamb>chicken. Hydroperoxide formation was examined at different pH values and at different incubation times, using beef and chicken samples. All peroxides were transient, with a maximum value after 2-4 h of incubation at 37 °C. When pH fell from 7 to 1.5, the different peroxides fell by 10-20%. Non-polar peroxide formation could largely (70%) be described by variation in fatty acid composition and hemin content of the meat, while protein-bound peroxide variation was less explained by these variables. Liposome addition increased (40%) the amount of protein-bound peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway.
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505
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Nyquist NF, Rødbotten R, Thomassen M, Haug A. Chicken meat nutritional value when feeding red palm oil, palm oil or rendered animal fat in combinations with linseed oil, rapeseed oil and two levels of selenium. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:69. [PMID: 23659541 PMCID: PMC3667049 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken meat nutritional value with regard to fatty acid composition and selenium content depends on the choice of dietary oil and selenium level used in the chickens' feed. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing commonly used rendered animal fat as a dietary source of saturated fatty acids and soybean oil as a source of unsaturated fatty acids, with palm oil and red palm oil in combinations with rapeseed oil, linseed oil and two levels of selenium enriched yeast on chicken breast meat nutritional value. The study also wished to see whether red palm oil had a cholesterol lowering effect on chicken plasma.204 male, newly hatched broiler chickens were randomly divided into twelve dietary treatment groups, and individually fed one out of six dietary fat combinations combined with either low (0.1 mg Se /kg feed) or high (1 mg Se/kg feed) dietary selenium levels. Linseed oil, independent of accompanying dietary fat source, lead to increased levels of the n-3 EPA, DPA and DHA and reduced levels of the n-6 arachidonic acid (AA). The ratio between AA/EPA was reduced from 19/1 in the soybean oil dietary groups to 1.7/1 in the linseed oil dietary groups. Dietary red palm oil reduced total chicken plasma cholesterol levels. There were no differences between the dietary groups with regard to measured meat antioxidant capacity or sensory evaluation. Chicken meat selenium levels were clearly influenced by dietary selenium levels, but were not influenced by feed fatty acid composition. High dietary selenium level lead to marginally increased n-3 EPA and higher meat fat % in breast muscle but did not influence the other LC PUFA levels. Chicken breast meat nutritional value from the soybean oil and low selenium dietary groups may be regarded as less beneficial compared to the breast meat from the linseed oil and high selenium dietary groups. Replacing rendered animal fat with palm oil and red palm oil had no negative effects on chicken muscle nutritional value with regard to fatty acid composition. Red palm oil decreased total chicken plasma cholesterol, confirming the cholesterol reducing effect of this dietary oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F Nyquist
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås 1432, Norway
| | | | - Magny Thomassen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Anna Haug
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås 1432, Norway
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506
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Lian J, Garcia-Perez M, Chen S. Fermentation of levoglucosan with oleaginous yeasts for lipid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 133:183-189. [PMID: 23425586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the production of lipids from non-hydrolyzed levoglucosan (LG) by oleaginous yeasts Rhodosporidium toruloides and Rhodotorula glutinis. Enzyme activity tests of LG kinases from both yeasts indicated that the phosphorylation pathway of LG to glucose-6-phosphate existed. The highest enzyme activity obtained for R. glutinis was 0.22 U/mg of protein. The highest cell mass and lipid production by R. glutinis were 6.8 and 2.7 g/L, respectively from pure LG, and 3.3 and 0.78 g/L from a pyrolytic LG aqueous phase detoxified by ethyl acetate extraction, rotary evaporation and activated carbon. This corresponded to a lipid yield of 13.5 wt.% for pure LG and only 3.9 wt.% for LG in pyrolysis oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieni Lian
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
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507
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Gao D, Zeng J, Zheng Y, Yu X, Chen S. Microbial lipid production from xylose by Mortierella isabellina. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 133:315-321. [PMID: 23434808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Culture conditions including nitrogen source and concentration, xylose concentration, and inoculum level were evaluated for the effect on cell growth and lipid production of an oleaginous fungus, Mortierella isabellina, grown on xylose. Yeast extract and ammonium sulfate were found to be the best amongst the organic and inorganic nitrogen sources tested, respectively. Subsequent combination of these two nitrogen sources at a nitrogen ratio of 1:1 further enhanced lipid production. The highest cell biomass 28.8 g L(-1) and lipid 18.5 g L(-1) were obtained on a medium containing 100 g L(-1) xylose and 50.4 mM nitrogen with a spore concentration of 10(8) mL(-1). Specifically, nitrogen concentration and inoculum level were demonstrated to be important for obtaining a high lipid yield on xylose consumed of 0.182 g g(-1). The results suggest that M. isabellina holds great potential to be a candidate for biofuel production from xylose, the second most abundant sugar from lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difeng Gao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 499164-6120, USA
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508
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Maternal long-chain PUFA supplementation during protein deficiency improves brain fatty acid accretion in rat pups by altering the milk fatty acid composition of the dam. J Nutr Sci 2013; 2:e5. [PMID: 25191591 PMCID: PMC4153033 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2012.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) are important for fetal and neonatal brain development.
However, their accretion in the brain is compromised during maternal protein restriction.
Hence, we investigated the effect of maternal supplementation with n-3
DHA plus n-6 arachidonic acid (ARA) at a low protein level (9 %) on
offspring brain fatty acid accretion using Wistar rats (nine rats per group) randomly fed
a control (C), a low-protein (LP) or a low-protein DHA + ARA-supplemented (LPS) diet
during gestation and lactation. At birth, pups from the LPS group had the highest brain
DHA and n-3 fatty acid levels (P = 0·001), whereas pups
from the LP group had the highest MUFA (P = 0·05) but the lowest DHA and
total n-3 PUFA levels (P = 0·000). During lactation,
pups from the LPS group accrued significantly more α-linolenic acid
(P = 0·003), EPA (P = 0·02) and DHA
(P = 0·000) in brain lipids than pups from the LP group, whereas brain
lipids of pups from the LP group had markedly increased levels of the n-3
deficiency marker docosapentaenoic acid and n-6:n-3
ratio (P = 0·000). Owing to supplementation, milk from LPS dams had the
highest DHA and ARA, but lower SCFA and medium-chain fatty acids as compared with milk
from C and LP dams during early lactation, but normalised by mid-lactation. To conclude,
adverse effects of restricted maternal protein intake on LC-PUFA accretion in the brain of
offspring were ameliorated by alterations in maternal milk fatty acid profile due to
supplementation. Results underscore the importance of LC-PUFA for protein-deficient
mothers during gestation as well as lactation to achieve the optimum brain LC-PUFA status
of progeny.
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509
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Yu K, Shu G, Yuan F, Zhu X, Gao P, Wang S, Wang L, Xi Q, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wu T, Yuan L, Jiang Q. Fatty acid and transcriptome profiling of longissimus dorsi muscles between pig breeds differing in meat quality. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:108-18. [PMID: 23355796 PMCID: PMC3555150 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat and lean pig breeds show obvious differences in meat quality characteristics including the fatty acid composition of muscle. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these phenotypes differences remains unknown. This study compared meat quality traits between Lantang (a Chinese indigenous breed) and Landrace (a typical lean breed). The Lantang pigs showed higher L* values and intramuscular fat content, lower pH45min, pH24h and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle than Landrace (P < 0.05). Fatty acid analysis demonstrated the lower monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) percentage in Lantang LD than that in Landrace LD (P < 0.05). To further identify candidate genes for fatty acid composition, the transcriptome of LD muscle from the two breeds were measured by microarrays. There were 586 transcripts differentially expressed, of which 267 transcripts were highly expressed in Lantang pigs. After the validation by real-time quantitative PCR, 13 genes were determined as candidate genes for fatty acid composition of muscle, including Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Then, a SCD over-expression plasmid was transfected into C2C12 cells to reveal the effect of SCD on the fatty acid composition in vitro. The results showed that SCD over-expression significantly increased PUFA proportion, while reduced that of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in C2C12 cells (P < 0.05). In summary, this study compared the differences of fatty acid composition and transcriptome in two breeds differing in meat quality, and further identified the novel role of SCD in the regulation of PUFA deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifan Yu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong province, Guangzhou 510642, China
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510
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Xie S, Sun S, Dai SY, S.Yuan J. Efficient coagulation of microalgae in cultures with filamentous fungi. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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511
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Tansawat R, Maughan CAJ, Ward RE, Martini S, Cornforth DP. Chemical characterisation of pasture- and grain-fed beef related to meat quality and flavour attributes. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossarin Tansawat
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; 8700 Old Main Hill, 750 North 1200 East; Logan; UT; 84322-8700; USA
| | - Curtis A. J. Maughan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; 8700 Old Main Hill, 750 North 1200 East; Logan; UT; 84322-8700; USA
| | - Robert E. Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; 8700 Old Main Hill, 750 North 1200 East; Logan; UT; 84322-8700; USA
| | - Silvana Martini
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; 8700 Old Main Hill, 750 North 1200 East; Logan; UT; 84322-8700; USA
| | - Daren P. Cornforth
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; 8700 Old Main Hill, 750 North 1200 East; Logan; UT; 84322-8700; USA
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512
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Davey PT, Hiscox WC, Lucker BF, O'Fallon JV, Chen S, Helms GL. Rapid triacylglyceride detection and quantification in live micro-algal cultures via liquid state 1H NMR. ALGAL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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513
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Jiang T, Mueller CJ, Busboom JR, Nelson ML, O'Fallon J, Tschida G. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and muscle from Jersey steers was affected by finishing diet and tissue location. Meat Sci 2012; 93:153-61. [PMID: 23010206 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To determine the impacts of finishing diet and tissue type and location on fatty acid composition and palatability of Jersey beef, twenty steers were assigned to a factorial treatment design with initial weight (Light vs. Heavy) and finishing diet (70 vs. 85% concentrate) as treatments. Ribeye steaks were collected for sensory evaluation. Muscle, seam and subcutaneous (s.c.) fat from steaks, kidney fat (KF) and omental fat (OMF) were collected for fatty acid analysis. Initial weight and finishing diet had little impact on beef palatability. The 85% concentrate decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle and increased trans fatty acids in all tissues (P<0.05). The monounsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio (MUFA:SFA) was highest in s.c. fat, intermediate in muscle and seam fat, and lowest in KF and OMF. The PUFA:SFA was highest in muscle, intermediate in s.c. and seam fat, and lowest in KF and OMF. Fatty acid composition differed greatly among tissues and the lower concentrate diet increased omega-3 and PUFA percentages in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6310, USA
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514
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Kumar S, Mathur A, Singh V, Nandy S, Khare SK, Negi S. Bioremediation of waste cooking oil using a novel lipase produced by Penicillium chrysogenum SNP5 grown in solid medium containing waste grease. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 120:300-304. [PMID: 22770974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present work was to bioremediate the waste cooking oil using a novel lipase produced in solid medium containing waste grease and wheat bran by Penicillium chrysogenum. Enzyme extracted with phosphate buffer was purified 10.6 and 26.28-fold after 90% ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, respectively. The partial characterization of enzyme revealed its K(m) and V(max) value for p-nitrophenolpamitate as 0.4mM and 47.61 U/ml, respectively. The relative molecular mass of lipase was 40 kDa by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by zymogram. Purified lipase was most stable at 40°C and at 8.0 pH. Lipase activity was enhanced by metal ions such as Mg(2+), Fe(2+), Ca(2+) and non-ionic surfactant TritonX-100, while suppressed in the presence of SDS. Crude lipase was applied on cooking oil waste and the acid value was 26.92 mg/g. This showed that the enzyme could be employed for the bioremediation of used cooking oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
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515
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Haug A, Nyquist NF, Mosti TJ, Andersen M, Høstmark AT. Increased EPA levels in serum phospholipids of humans after four weeks daily ingestion of one portion chicken fed linseed and rapeseed oil. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:104. [PMID: 22913248 PMCID: PMC3494519 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the amounts of arachidonic acid (AA) and EPA in food may have implications for human health, we investigated whether a small change in chicken feed influenced the blood lipid concentration in humans ingesting the chicken. Forty-six young healthy volunteers (age 20-29) were randomly allocated into two groups in a double-blind dietary intervention trial, involving ingestion of about 160 g chicken meat per day for 4 weeks. The ingested meat was either from chickens given a feed concentrate resembling the commercial chicken feed, containing 4% soybean oil (SO), or the meat was from chickens given a feed where the soybean oil had been replaced by 2% rapeseed oil plus 2% linseed oil (RLO).Serum total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerols, serum phospholipid fatty acid concentration, blood pressure, body weight and C-reactive protein were determined at baseline and post-intervention. In subjects consuming chicken meat from the RLO group there was a significantly (p < 0.001) increased concentration of EPA in serum phospholipids, and a reduced ratio between AA and EPA. The participants that had a low% of EPA + DHA in serum phospholipids (less than 4.6%), all increased their% of EPA + DHA after the four week intervention period when consuming the RLO chicken. No significant response differences in cholesterol, triacylglycerol, C-reactive protein, body weight or blood pressure were observed between the groups. This trial demonstrates that a simple change in chicken feed can have beneficial effects on amount of EPA and the AA/EPA ratio in human serum phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haug
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O.BOX 5003, Ås, 1432, Norway
| | - Nicole F Nyquist
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O.BOX 5003, Ås, 1432, Norway
| | - Therese J Mosti
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O.BOX 5003, Ås, 1432, Norway
| | - Malin Andersen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O.BOX 5003, Ås, 1432, Norway
| | - Arne T Høstmark
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O.BOX 113, Oslo, 0318, Norway
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516
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Fortification of queso fresco, cheddar and mozzarella cheese using selected sources of omega-3 and some nonthermal approaches. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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517
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Use of Anion Exchange Resins for One-Step Processing of Algae from Harvest to Biofuel. ENERGIES 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/en5072608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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518
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Zheng Y, Yu X, Zeng J, Chen S. Feasibility of filamentous fungi for biofuel production using hydrolysate from dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of wheat straw. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:50. [PMID: 22824058 PMCID: PMC3463428 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids produced from filamentous fungi show great promise for biofuel production, but a major limiting factor is the high production cost attributed to feedstock. Lignocellulosic biomass is a suitable feedstock for biofuel production due to its abundance and low value. However, very limited study has been performed on lipid production by culturing oleaginous fungi with lignocellulosic materials. Thus, identification of filamentous fungal strains capable of utilizing lignocellulosic hydrolysates for lipid accumulation is critical to improve the process and reduce the production cost. RESULTS The growth performances of eleven filamentous fungi were investigated when cultured on glucose and xylose. Their dry cell weights, lipid contents and fatty acid profiles were determined. Six fungal strains with high lipid contents were selected to culture with the hydrolysate from dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of wheat straw. The results showed that all the selected fungal strains were able to grow on both detoxified liquid hydrolysate (DLH) and non-detoxified liquid hydrolysate (NDLH). The highest lipid content of 39.4% was obtained by Mortierella isabellina on NDLH. In addition, NDLH with some precipitate could help M. isabellina form pellets with an average diameter of 0.11 mm. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the possibility of fungal lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass. M. isabellina was the best lipid producer grown on lignocellulosic hydrolysates among the tested filamentous fungi, because it could not only accumulate oils with a high content by directly utilizing NDLH to simplify the fermentation process, but also form proper pellets to benefit the downstream harvesting. Considering the yield and cost, fungal lipids from lignocellulosic biomass are promising alternative sources for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Zheng
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, L.J. Smith Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
| | - Xiaochen Yu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, L.J. Smith Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
| | - Jijiao Zeng
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, L.J. Smith Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, L.J. Smith Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
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519
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Zhang L, Michal JJ, O'Fallon JV, Pan Z, Gaskins CT, Reeves JJ, Busboom JR, Zhou X, Ding B, Dodson MV, Jiang Z. Quantitative genomics of 30 complex phenotypes in Wagyu x Angus F₁ progeny. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:838-58. [PMID: 22745575 PMCID: PMC3385007 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 91 genes involved in various pathways were investigated for their associations with six carcass traits and twenty-four fatty acid composition phenotypes in a Wagyu×Angus reference population, including 43 Wagyu bulls and their potential 791 F1 progeny. Of the 182 SNPs evaluated, 102 SNPs that were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with minor allele frequencies (MAF>0.15) were selected for parentage assignment and association studies with these quantitative traits. The parentage assignment revealed that 40 of 43 Wagyu sires produced over 96.71% of the calves in the population. Linkage disequilibrium analysis identified 75 of 102 SNPs derived from 54 genes as tagged SNPs. After Bonferroni correction, single-marker analysis revealed a total of 113 significant associations between 44 genes and 29 phenotypes (adjusted P<0.05). Multiple-marker analysis confirmed single-gene associations for 10 traits, but revealed two-gene networks for 9 traits and three-gene networks for 8 traits. Particularly, we observed that TNF (tumor necrosis factor) gene is significantly associated with both beef marbling score (P=0.0016) and palmitic acid (C16:0) (P=0.0043), RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1) with rib-eye area (P=0.0103), ASB3 (ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 3) with backfat (P=0.0392), ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette A1) with both palmitic acid (C16:0) (P=0.0025) and oleic acid (C18:1n9) (P=0.0114), SLC27A1(solute carrier family 27 A1) with oleic acid (C18:1n9) (P=0.0155), CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) with both linolenic acid (OMEGA-3) (P=0.0200) and OMEGA 6:3 RATIO (P=0.0054), SLC27A2 (solute carrier family 27 A2) with both linoleic acid (OMEGA-6) (P=0.0121) and FAT (P=0.0333), GNG3 (guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 3 with desaturase 9 (P=0.0115), and EFEMP1 (EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1), PLTP (phospholipid transfer protein) and DSEL (dermatan sulfate epimerase-like) with conjugated linoleic acid (P=0.0042-0.0044), respectively, in the Wagyu x Angus F1 population. In addition, we observed an interesting phenomenon that crossbreeding of different breeds might change gene actions to dominant and overdominant modes, thus explaining the origin of heterosis. The present study confirmed that these important families or pathway-based genes are useful targets for improving meat quality traits and healthful beef products in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6351, USA
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520
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Nyquist NF, Biltvedt LM, Rødbotten R, Mielnik M, Thomassen M, Svihus B, Haug A. Effect of varying ratios of n-6and n-3on selenium content in broiler breast muscle. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2012.740502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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521
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Payeur AL, Lorenz MA, Kennedy RT. Analysis of fatty acid composition in insulin secreting cells by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 893-894:187-92. [PMID: 22456534 PMCID: PMC3322247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was developed for determination of fatty acids (irrespective of origin, i.e., both free fatty acids and fatty acids bound in sources such as triglycerides) in cultured mammalian cells. The method was applied to INS-1 cells, an insulin-secreting cell line commonly used as a model in diabetes studies. In the method, lipids were extracted and transformed to fatty acid methyl esters for analysis. GC×GC analysis revealed the presence of 30 identifiable fatty acids in the extract. This result doubles the number of fatty acids previously identified in these cells. The method yielded linear calibrations and an average relative standard deviation of 8.4% for replicate injections of samples and 12.4% for replicate analysis of different samples. The method was used to demonstrate changes in fatty acid content as a function of glucose concentration on the cells. These results demonstrate the utility of this method for analysis of fatty acids in mammalian cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Payeur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew A. Lorenz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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522
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Tan W, Budinich M, Ward R, Broadbent J, Steele J. Optimal growth of Lactobacillus casei in a Cheddar cheese ripening model system requires exogenous fatty acids. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1680-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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523
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Miao C, Chakraborty M, Chen S. Impact of reaction conditions on the simultaneous production of polysaccharides and bio-oil from heterotrophically grown Chlorella sorokiniana by a unique sequential hydrothermal liquefaction process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:617-627. [PMID: 22330592 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A two-step sequential hydrothermal liquefaction (SEQHTL) model for simultaneous extraction of polysaccharide at the first step followed by bio-oil in the second was established. The effects of reaction temperature, residence time, and biomass/water ratio on the product distribution of each SEQHTL step were evaluated. Maximum yield (32wt.%) of polysaccharides was obtained at 160°C, 20min and 1:9 biomass/water ratio. Considering the operation cost and bio-oil yield (>30%); 240°C, 20min and 1:9 biomass/water ratio was preferred as ideal SEQHTL condition for bio-oil extraction. SEQHTL always produced ∼5% more bio-oil and ∼50% less bio-char than direct hydrothermal liquefaction (DHTL). Free fatty acid content of the bio-oils exhibited a sharp decrease with increase in temperature. Comparative analysis of the energy input and net energy balance showed that SEQHTL requires ∼15% less MJ/kg bio-oil than DHTL. Energy recovery rate for SEQHTL is nearly 4% higher than the DHTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Miao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6120, United States
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524
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Rana MS, Tyagi A, Hossain SA, Tyagi A. Effect of tanniniferous Terminalia chebula extract on rumen biohydrogenation, ∆9-desaturase activity, CLA content and fatty acid composition in longissimus dorsi muscle of kids. Meat Sci 2012; 90:558-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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525
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526
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Relationship between muscle antioxidant status, forms of iron, polyunsaturated fatty acids and functionality (retail colour) of meat in lambs. Meat Sci 2012; 90:297-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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527
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Avila-Ramos F, Pro-Martínez A, Sosa-Montes E, Cuca-García J, Becerril-Pérez C, Figueroa-Velasco J, Narciso-Gaytán C. Effects of dietary oregano essential oil and vitamin E on the lipid oxidation stability of cooked chicken breast meat. Poult Sci 2012; 91:505-11. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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528
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Application of NIRS for predicting fatty acids in intramuscular fat of rabbit. Meat Sci 2012; 91:155-9. [PMID: 22326062 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for predicting fatty acid content in intramuscular fat to be applied in rabbit selection programs. One hundred and forty three freeze-dried Longissimus muscles (LM) were scanned by NIRS (1100-2498nm). Modified Partial Least Squares models were obtained. Equations were selected according to standard error of cross validation (SECV) and coefficient of determination of cross validation (R(2)(CV)). Residual predictive deviation of cross validation (RPD(CV)) was also studied. Accurate predictions were reported for IMF (R(2)(CV)=0.98; RPD(CV)=7.57), saturated (R(2)(CV)=0.96; RPD(CV)=5.08) and monounsaturated FA content (R(2)(CV)=0.98; RPD(CV)=6.68). Lower accuracy was obtained for polyunsaturated FA content (R(2)(CV)=0.83; RPD(CV)=2.40). Several individual FA were accurately predicted such as C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C16:1, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 (R(2)(CV)=0.91-0.97; RPD(CV)>3). Long chain polyunsaturated FA and C18:1 n-7 presented less accurate prediction equations (R(2)(CV)=0.12-0.82; RPD(CV)<3).
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529
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Abugri DA, McElhenney WH, Willian KR. Comparison of Transesterification Methods for Fatty Acid Analysis in Higher Fungi: Application to Mushrooms. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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530
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Ponnampalam EN, Burnett VF, Norng S, Warner RD, Jacobs JL. Vitamin E and fatty acid content of lamb meat from perennial pasture or annual pasture systems with supplements. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/an11054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of a perennial lucerne and phalaris pasture, or annual pasture with lucerne hay and a range of supplements provided as pellets (700 g/day) on Vitamin E and fatty acid content of skeletal muscle and oxidative stability of lamb meat post-farm gate. Treatments were lambs grazing perennial pasture only (PP); lambs grazing annual pasture with lucerne hay and oat grain pellet supplement (AP); AP with cracked flaxseed (AP+FS); and AP with flaxmeal (AP+FM). After 7 weeks of feeding, lambs were slaughtered after an overnight fast. At 24 h post-slaughter, samples of muscle longissimus lumborum (LL) were collected for determination of fatty acid profile and antioxidant status, as measured by Vitamin E content. Samples were also collected for retail colour assessment of fresh meat at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h of post-slaughter. Vitamin E content of the LL from lambs grazing PP was higher (5.9 v. 3.4 mg α-tocopherol/kg, P < 0.01) than that of lambs grazing other treatments. Long-chain n-3 and total n-3 fatty acid contents in the muscle were similar among treatment groups and adequate to claim as a source of n-3. Inclusion of oat grain at 245 g (AP) or at 175 g with flaxseed (AP+FS) or 175 g with flaxmeal (AP+FM) per day in the diet of lambs increased the linoleic acid content (P < 0.05) and the ratio of n-6 : n-3 (P < 0.007) in the LL, compared with lambs grazing PP. Oxidative stability of fresh meat evaluated by retail shelf life (retention of redness) and formation of lipid oxidative substance showed no differences among treatment groups and, as indicated by redness (a*-value) over a 96-h display, all values were within the range (>9.5) for quality meat over the time frame used in the present study. The results provided some evidence that inclusion of PP in the diets of lambs during dry seasons (late summer to autumn) is an effective tool of improving the Vitamin E content of muscle tissues at slaughter.
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531
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Ye RW, Sharpe PL, Zhu Q. Bioengineering of oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for lycopene production. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 898:153-159. [PMID: 22711123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-918-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is capable of accumulating large amount of lipids. There is a growing interest to engineer this organism to produce lipid-derived compounds for a variety of applications. In addition, biosynthesis of value-added products such as carotenoid and its derivatives have been explored. In this chapter, we describe methods to integrate genes involved in lycopene biosynthesis in Yarrowia. Each bacterial gene involved in lycopene biosynthesis, crtE, crtB, and crtI, will be assembled with yeast promoters and terminators and subsequently transformed into Yarrowia through random integration. The engineered strain can produce lycopene under lipid accumulation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick W Ye
- DuPont Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE, USA.
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532
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Average daily gain and blood fatty acid composition of cattle grazing the nonbloating legumes birdsfoot trefoil and cicer milkvetch in the Mountain West. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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533
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Dugan M, Aldai N, Aalhus J, Rolland D, Kramer J. Review:Trans-forming beef to provide healthier fatty acid profiles. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2011-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dugan, M. E. R., Aldai, N., Aalhus, J. L., Rolland, D. C. and Kramer, J. K. G. 2011. Review: Trans- forming beef to provide healthier fatty acid profiles. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 545–556.Trans fatty acids are found naturally in foods, particularly in those derived from ruminant animals, such as beef and dairy cattle. Over the past few decades, human consumption of trans fatty acids has increased, but this has been mainly from products containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. The correlation of trans fatty acid consumption with diseases such as coronary heart disease has been cause for concern, and led to recommendations to reduce their consumption. Trans fatty acids, however, have differing effects on human health. Therefore, in foods produced from ruminant animals, it is important to know their trans fatty acid composition, and how to enrich or deplete fatty acids that have positive or negative health effects. This review will cover the analysis of trans fatty acids in beef, their origin, how to manipulate their concentrations, and give a brief overview of their health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dugan
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Jennifer Aalhus
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - David Rolland
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - John Kramer
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
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534
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Omega-3 fatty acids affected human perception of ground beef negatively. Meat Sci 2011; 89:390-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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535
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Berenhauser AC, Pinheiro do Prado AC, da Silva RC, Gioielli LA, Block JM. Fatty acid composition in preterm and term breast milk. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:318-25. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.627843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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536
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When balanced for precursor fatty acid supply echium oil is not superior to linseed oil in enriching lamb tissues with long-chain n-3 PUFA. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:71-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511005411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils containing stearidonic acid (SDA, 18 : 4n-3) are considered better precursors of long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) than those with only α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18 : 3n-3). The present study re-examined this premise using treatments where added ALA from linseed oil was matched with ALA plus SDA from echium oil. Lambs (n 6) were abomasally infused with saline (control (C), 25 ml), echium oil low (EL, 25 ml), echium oil high (EH, 50 ml), linseed oil low (LL, 25 ml) or linseed oil high (LH, 50 ml) for 4 weeks. The basal ration used was identical across all treatments. EPA (20 : 5n-3) in meat increased from 6·5 mg in the C lambs to 16·8, 17·7, 13·5 and 11·7 (sem 0·86) mg/100 g muscle in the EL, EH, LL and LH lambs, respectively. For muscle DPA (docosapentaenoic acid; 22 : 5n-3), the corresponding values were 14·3, 22·2, 18·6 18·2 and 19·4 (sem 0·57) mg/100 g muscle. The DHA (22 : 6n-3) content of meat was 5·8 mg/100 g in the C lambs and ranged from 4·53 to 5·46 (sem 0·27) mg/100 g muscle in the oil-infused groups. Total n-3 PUFA content of meat (including ALA and SDA) increased from 39 mg to 119, 129, 121 and 150 (sem 12·3) mg/100 g muscle. We conclude that both oil types were effective in enhancing the EPA and DPA, but not DHA, content of meat. Furthermore, we conclude that, when balanced for precursor n-3 fatty acid supply, differences between linseed oil and echium oil in enriching meat with LC n-3 PUFA were of little, if any, nutritional significance.
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537
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Ye Y, Wagh A, Martini S. Using high intensity ultrasound as a tool to change the functional properties of interesterified soybean oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10712-22. [PMID: 21894926 DOI: 10.1021/jf202495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High intensity ultrasound (HIU) was used to change the crystallization behavior, generate small crystals, and improve the texture of a low saturated shortening (interesterified soybean oil). Samples were crystallized at different temperatures (26, 28, 30, and 32 °C) without and with the application of HIU. Different acoustic power levels (110, 72, 61, 54, and 44 W) were used. Results show that higher acoustic powers had a greater effect on crystal size reduction, induced crystallization, and generated harder, more elastic and viscous materials. These effects were more significant when HIU was applied in the presence of crystals and when the sample was crystallized at 32 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Ye
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University , 8700 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322-8700, USA
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538
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Kumari P, Reddy CRK, Jha B. Comparative evaluation and selection of a method for lipid and fatty acid extraction from macroalgae. Anal Biochem 2011; 415:134-44. [PMID: 21539805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A comparative evaluation of Bligh and Dyer, Folch, and Cequier-Sánchez methods for quantitative determination of total lipids (TLs) and fatty acids (FAs) was accomplished in selective green (Ulva fasciata), red (Gracilaria corticata), and brown algae (Sargassum tenerrimum) using a full factorial categorical design. Applications of sonication and buffer individually on lipid extraction solvent systems were also evaluated. The FA recoveries obtained from the aforementioned methods were compared with those of direct transesterification (DT) methods to identify the best extraction methods. The experimental design showed that macroalgal matrix, extraction method, and buffer were key determinants for TL and FA recoveries (P≤0.05), exhibiting significant interactions. But sonication gave erratic results with no interaction with any of the factors investigated. The buffered solvent system of Folch rendered the highest TL yield in U. fasciata and G. corticata while the buffered system of Bligh and Dyer gave the highest yield in S. tenerrimum. DT methods were more convenient and accurate for FA quantification and rendered 1.5-2 times higher yields when compared with the best conventional method, minimizing the use of chlorinated solvents, their cost of analysis, and disposal. The buffered solvent system was found to be the most appropriate for lipid research in macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Kumari
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhavnagar 364021, Gujarat, India
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539
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Ayalasomayajula S, Subramaniam R, Gallo A, Dufreche S, Zappi M, Bajpai R. Potential of Alligator Fat as Source of Lipids for Biodiesel Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie201000s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Ayalasomayajula
- Chemical Engineering Department and ‡Chemistry Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, United States
| | - Ramalingam Subramaniam
- Chemical Engineering Department and ‡Chemistry Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, United States
| | - August Gallo
- Chemical Engineering Department and ‡Chemistry Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, United States
| | - Stephen Dufreche
- Chemical Engineering Department and ‡Chemistry Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, United States
| | - Mark Zappi
- Chemical Engineering Department and ‡Chemistry Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, United States
| | - Rakesh Bajpai
- Chemical Engineering Department and ‡Chemistry Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, United States
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540
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Oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica mutants with a disrupted fatty acyl-CoA synthetase gene accumulate saturated fatty acid. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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541
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Embaby HES, Mokhtar SM. Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Lantana and Sweet Pepper Seeds and Nabak Seed Kernels. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C736-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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542
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Yu X, Zheng Y, Dorgan KM, Chen S. Oil production by oleaginous yeasts using the hydrolysate from pretreatment of wheat straw with dilute sulfuric acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:6134-40. [PMID: 21463940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the use of the hydrolysate from the dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of wheat straw for microbial oil production. The resulting hydrolysate was composed of pentoses (24.3g/L) and hexoses (4.9 g/L), along with some other degradation products, such as acetic acid, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Five oleaginous yeast strains, Cryptococcus curvatus, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Lipomyces starkeyi, and Yarrowia lipolytica, were evaluated by using this hydrolysate as substrates. The results showed that all of these strains could use the detoxified hydrolysate to produce lipids while except R. toruloides non-detoxified hydrolysate could also be used for the growth of all of the selective yeast strains. C. curvatus showed the highest lipid concentrations in medium on both the detoxified (4.2g/L) and non-detoxified (5.8 g/L) hydrolysates. And the inhibitory effect studies on C. curvatus indicated HMF had insignificant impacts at a concentration of up to 3g/L while furfural inhibited cell growth and lipid content by 72.0% and 62.0% at 1g/L, respectively. Our work demonstrates that lipid production is a promising alternative to utilize hemicellulosic sugars obtained during pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
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543
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Pappas AC, Zoidis E, Papadomichelakis G, Fegeros K. Supranutritional selenium level affects fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of chicken breast muscle tissue. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 96:385-94. [PMID: 21535232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 128 broilers were used to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative stability of lipids in the breast muscle tissue. There were 4 replicates of 4 dietary treatments: T1 (basal diet with no added Se), T2 (T1 with 0.15 mg Se added per kg diet), T3 (T1 with 0.3 mg Se added per kg diet) and T4 (T1 with 3.0 mg Se added per kg diet). A yeast source was used for added Se. Breast muscle tissue was collected from two chickens per replicate pen for the determination of Se concentration by ICP-MS, FA profile by GC and lipid oxidation using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. Addition of supranutritional Se levels to chicken diets leads to the production of Se-enriched meat. Consumption of 100 g of breast meat from chickens fed diets supplemented with 0.15, 0.3 and 3 mg Se per kg of diet can provide 26, 41 and 220 μg of Se, respectively. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids namely C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 increased linearly (p = 0.047, p < 0.001, p = 0.023, p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively) as the Se inclusion levels in the diets increased. At slaughter, a linear decrease in lipid oxidation (p = 0.019) was observed with Se addition, possibly attributed to the antioxidant properties of Se. Addition of supranutritional Se to chicken diets, at levels well below those causing toxicity, leads to production of Se-enriched meat, protection of health-promoting long-chain FA like C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 and protection of meat quality from oxidation at day 1 after slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Pappas
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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544
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Goswami D, Basu JK, De S. Erucic acid production using porcine pancreas lipase: Enhancement by mixed surfactants. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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545
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Zhu X, Svendsen C, Jaepelt KB, Moughan PJ, Rutherfurd SM. A comparison of selected methods for determining eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in cereal-based foods. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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546
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Burgess K, Xu T, Brown R, Han B, Welle S. Effect of myostatin depletion on weight gain, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis during five months of high-fat feeding in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17090. [PMID: 21390326 PMCID: PMC3044753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The marked hypermuscularity in mice with constitutive myostatin deficiency reduces fat accumulation and hyperglycemia induced by high-fat feeding, but it is unclear whether the smaller increase in muscle mass caused by postdevelopmental loss of myostatin activity has beneficial metabolic effects during high-fat feeding. We therefore examined how postdevelopmental myostatin knockout influenced effects of high-fat feeding. Male mice with ubiquitous expression of tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase were fed tamoxifen for 2 weeks at 4 months of age. This depleted myostatin in mice with floxed myostatin genes, but not in control mice with normal myostatin genes. Some mice were fed a high-fat diet (60% of energy) for 22 weeks, starting 2 weeks after cessation of tamoxifen feeding. Myostatin depletion increased skeletal muscle mass ∼30%. Hypermuscular mice had ∼50% less weight gain than control mice over the first 8 weeks of high-fat feeding. During the subsequent 3 months of high-fat feeding, additional weight gain was similar in control and myostatin-deficient mice. After 5 months of high-fat feeding, the mass of epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pads was similar in control and myostatin-deficient mice even though myostatin depletion reduced the weight gain attributable to the high-fat diet (mean weight with high-fat diet minus mean weight with low-fat diet: 19.9 g in control mice, 14.1 g in myostatin-deficient mice). Myostatin depletion did not alter fasting blood glucose levels after 3 or 5 months of high-fat feeding, but reduced glucose levels measured 90 min after intraperitoneal glucose injection. Myostatin depletion also attenuated hepatic steatosis and accumulation of fat in muscle tissue. We conclude that blocking myostatin signaling after maturity can attenuate some of the adverse effects of a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Burgess
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Tianshun Xu
- Muscle Metabolism DPU and Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Roger Brown
- Muscle Metabolism DPU and Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bajin Han
- Muscle Metabolism DPU and Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen Welle
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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547
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Dønnem I, Randby Å, Eknæs M. Effect of grass silage harvesting time and level of concentrate supplementation on goat milk quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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548
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Phenotypic blood glutathione concentration and selenium supplementation interactions on meat colour stability and fatty acid concentrations in Merino lambs. Meat Sci 2011; 87:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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549
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Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of Eicosapentaenoic Acid, using a novel {Delta}5-Desaturase from Paramecium tetraurelia. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 77:1854-61. [PMID: 21193673 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01935-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have well-documented importance in human health and nutrition. Sustainable production in robust host organisms that do not synthesize them naturally requires the coordinated expression of several heterologous desaturases and elongases. In the present study we show production of EPA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using glucose as the sole carbon source through expression of five heterologous fatty acid desaturases and an elongase. Novel Δ5-desaturases from the ciliate protozoan Paramecium tetraurelia and from the microalgae Ostreococcus tauri and Ostreococcus lucimarinus were identified via a BLAST search, and their substrate preferences and desaturation efficiencies were assayed in a yeast strain producing the ω6 and ω3 fatty acid substrates for Δ5-desaturation. The Δ5-desaturase from P. tetraurelia was up-to-2-fold more efficient than the microalgal desaturases and was also more efficient than Δ5-desaturases from Mortierella alpina and Leishmania major. In vivo investigation of acyl carrier substrate specificities showed that the Δ5-desaturases from P. tetraurelia, O. lucimarinus, O. tauri, and M. alpina are promiscuous toward the acyl carrier substrate but prefer phospholipid-bound substrates. In contrast, the Δ5-desaturase from L. major showed no activity on phospholipid-bound substrate and thus appears to be an exclusively acyl coenzyme A-dependent desaturase.
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550
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Papadomichelakis G, Mountzouris KC, Paraskevakis N, Fegeros K. Caecum odd-numbered and branched-chain fatty acid composition in response to dietary changes in fattening rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 95:707-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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