551
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Aldred N, Gohad NV, Petrone L, Orihuela B, Liedberg B, Ederth T, Mount A, Rittschof D, Clare AS. Confocal microscopy-based goniometry of barnacle cyprid permanent adhesive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:1969-72. [PMID: 23430996 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.084913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biological adhesives are materials of particular interest in the fields of bio-inspired technology and antifouling research. The adhesive of adult barnacles has received much attention over the years; however, the permanent adhesive of the cyprid - the colonisation stage of barnacles - is a material about which very little is presently known. We applied confocal laser-scanning microscopy to the measurement of contact angles between the permanent adhesive of barnacle cyprid larvae and self-assembled monolayers of OH- and CH3-terminated thiols. Measurement of contact angles between actual bioadhesives and surfaces has never previously been achieved and the data may provide insight into the physicochemical properties and mechanism of action of these functional materials. The adhesive is a dual-phase system post-secretion, with the behaviour of the components governed separately by the surface chemistry. The findings imply that the cyprid permanent adhesion process is more complex than previously thought, necessitating broad re-evaluation of the system. Improved understanding will have significant implications for the production of barnacle-resistant coatings as well as development of bio-inspired glues for niche applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Aldred
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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552
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Wu AHF, Nakanishi K, Cho KL, Lamb R. Diatom attachment inhibition: limiting surface accessibility through air entrapment. Biointerphases 2013; 8:5. [PMID: 24706117 DOI: 10.1186/1559-4106-8-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfaces consisting of sub micron holes (0.420-0.765 μm) engineered into nanoparticle (12 nm) coatings were examined for marine antifouling behaviour that defines early stage settlement. Immersed surfaces were found to be resistant to a 5-hour attachment assay of Amphora coffeaeformis, a marine organism commonly found in abundance on fouled substrates such as foul-releasing paints and self-polishing coatings. Attachment inhibition was attributed to the accessibility of diatoms to the surface. This was governed by the size and morphology of trapped interfacial air pockets measured in-situ using synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering. Surfaces containing larger pores (0.765 μm) exhibited the highest resistance. Macroscopic wettability via contact angle measurements however remained at 160° and sliding angle of < 5° and was found to be independent of pore size and not indicative of early stage fouling behaviour. The balance of hierarchical nano/micro length scales was critical in defining the early stage stability of biofouling character of the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H-F Wu
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, 3010, Melbourne, Australia,
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553
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Xiao L, Thompson SEM, Röhrig M, Callow ME, Callow JA, Grunze M, Rosenhahn A. Hot embossed microtopographic gradients reveal morphological cues that guide the settlement of zoospores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1093-1099. [PMID: 23273183 DOI: 10.1021/la303832u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Among different surface cues, the settlement of cells and larvae of marine macrofouling organisms has been found to be strongly influenced by surface microtopographies. In this article, the settlement of zoospores of the green alga Ulva linza on a surface topographic gradient has been investigated. "Honeycomb" gradient structures with feature sizes ranging from 1 to 10 μm were prepared by hot embossing, and the effect on the density of spores that attached in settlement assays was quantified. The highest density of spores was found when the size of the microstructures was similar to or larger than the size of the spores. With decreasing size of the structures, spore settlement density decreased. Interestingly, spore settlement density correlated with the Wenzel roughness of the surfaces. "Kink sites" on the surface played an important role and resembled preferred attachment positions. Furthermore, the gradients allowed the minimum pit size that the spores were able to squeeze into to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xiao
- Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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554
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Abstract
Barnacles are intriguing, not only with respect to their importance as fouling organisms, but also in terms of the mechanism of underwater adhesion, which provides a platform for biomimetic and bioinspired research. These aspects have prompted questions regarding how adult barnacles attach to surfaces under water. The multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary nature of the studies makes an overview covering all aspects challenging. This mini-review, therefore, attempts to bring together aspects of the adhesion of adult barnacles by looking at the achievements of research focused on both fouling and adhesion. Biological and biochemical studies, which have been motivated mainly by understanding the nature of the adhesion, indicate that the molecular characteristics of barnacle adhesive are unique. However, it is apparent from recent advances in molecular techniques that much remains undiscovered regarding the complex event of underwater attachment. Barnacles attached to silicone-based elastomeric coatings have been studied widely, particularly with respect to fouling-release technology. The fact that barnacles fail to attach tenaciously to silicone coatings, combined with the fact that the mode of attachment to these substrata is different to that for most other materials, indicates that knowledge about the natural mechanism of barnacle attachment is still incomplete. Further research on barnacles will enable a more comprehensive understanding of both the process of attachment and the adhesives used. Results from such studies will have a strong impact on technology aimed at fouling prevention as well as adhesion science and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kamino
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Kisarazu, Japan.
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555
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Evariste E, Gatley CM, Detty MR, Callow ME, Callow JA. The performance of aminoalkyl/fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon-modified xerogel coatings against the marine alga Ectocarpus crouaniorum: relative roles of surface energy and charge. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:171-84. [PMID: 23330687 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.758717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a series of xerogel coatings modified with aminoalkyl/fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon groups on the adhesion of a new test species, the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus crouaniorum, has been explored, and compared with the green alga Ulva linza. The results showed that E. crouaniorum adhered weakly to the less polar, low wettability coatings in the series, but stronger adhesion was shown on polar, higher surface energy coatings containing aminoalkyl groups. The results from a separate series of coatings tuned to have similar surface energies and polarities after immersion in artificial seawater (ASW), but widely different surface charges, demonstrated that surface charge was more important than surface energy and polarity in determining the adhesion strength of both E. crouaniorum and U. linza on xerogel coatings. No correlation was found between adhesion and contact angle hysteresis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of samples after immersion in ASW confirmed the presence of charged ammonium groups on the surface of the aminoalkylated coatings.
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556
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Maleschlijski S, Sendra GH, Di Fino A, Leal-Taixé L, Thome I, Terfort A, Aldred N, Grunze M, Clare AS, Rosenhahn B, Rosenhahn A. Three dimensional tracking of exploratory behavior of barnacle cyprids using stereoscopy. Biointerphases 2012; 7:50. [PMID: 22907265 PMCID: PMC4875145 DOI: 10.1007/s13758-012-0050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface exploration is a key step in the colonization of surfaces by sessile marine biofoulers. As many biofouling organisms can delay settlement until a suitable surface is encountered, colonization can comprise surface exploration and intermittent swimming. As such, the process is best followed in three dimensions. Here we present a low-cost transportable stereoscopic system consisting of two consumer camcorders. We apply this novel apparatus to behavioral analysis of barnacle larvae (≈800 μm length) during surface exploration and extract and analyze the three-dimensional patterns of movement. The resolution of the system and the accuracy of position determination are characterized. As a first practical result, three-dimensional swimming trajectories of the cypris larva of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides are recorded in the vicinity of a glass surface and close to PEG2000-OH and C(11)NMe(3)(+)Cl(-) terminated self-assembled monolayers. Although less frequently used in biofouling experiments due to its short reproductive season, the selected model species [Marechal and Hellio (2011), Int Biodeterior Biodegrad, 65(1):92-101] has been used following a number of recent investigations on the settlement behavior on chemically different surfaces [Aldred et al. (2011), ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 3(6):2085-2091]. Experiments were scheduled to match the availability of cyprids off the north east coast of England so that natural material could be used. In order to demonstrate the biological applicability of the system, analysis of parameters such as swimming direction, swimming velocity and swimming angle are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maleschlijski
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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557
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Ma C, Yang H, Zhou X, Wu B, Zhang G. Polymeric material for anti-biofouling. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 100:31-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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558
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Surface Sensing and Settlement Strategies of Marine Biofouling Organisms. Biointerphases 2012; 7:63. [DOI: 10.1007/s13758-012-0063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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559
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Crawford RJ, Webb HK, Truong VK, Hasan J, Ivanova EP. Surface topographical factors influencing bacterial attachment. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 179-182:142-9. [PMID: 22841530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Substratum surface roughness is known to be one of the key factors in determining the extent of bacterial colonization. Understanding the way by which the substratum topography, especially at the nanoscale, mediates bacterial attachment remains ambiguous at best, despite the volume of work available on the topic. This is because the vast majority of bacterial attachment studies do not perform comprehensive topographical characterization analyses, and typically consider roughness parameters that describe only one aspect of the surface topography. The most commonly reported surface roughness parameters are average and root mean square (RMS) roughness (R(a) and R(q) respectively), which are both measures of the typical height variation of the surface. They offer no insights into the spatial distribution or shape of the surface features. Here, a brief overview of the current state of research on topography-mediated bacterial adhesion is presented, as well as an outline of the suite of roughness characterization parameters that are available for the comprehensive description of the surface architecture of a substratum. Finally, a set of topographical parameters is proposed as a new standard for surface roughness characterization in bacterial adhesion studies to improve the likelihood of identifying direct relationships between substratum topography and the extent of bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Crawford
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.
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560
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Tiraferri A, Kang Y, Giannelis EP, Elimelech M. Superhydrophilic thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes for organic fouling control: fouling behavior and antifouling mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:11135-44. [PMID: 23002900 DOI: 10.1021/es3028617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the fouling behavior and fouling resistance of superhydrophilic thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes functionalized with surface-tailored nanoparticles. Fouling experiments in both forward osmosis and reverse osmosis modes are performed with three model organic foulants: alginate, bovine serum albumin, and Suwannee river natural organic matter. A solution comprising monovalent and divalent salts is employed to simulate the solution chemistry of typical wastewater effluents. Reduced fouling is consistently observed for the superhydrophilic membranes compared to control thin-film composite polyamide membranes, in both reverse and forward osmosis modes. The fouling resistance and cleaning efficiency of the functionalized membranes is particularly outstanding in forward osmosis mode where the driving force for water flux is an osmotic pressure difference. To understand the mechanism of fouling, the intermolecular interactions between the foulants and the membrane surface are analyzed by direct force measurement using atomic force microscopy. Lower adhesion forces are observed for the superhydrophilic membranes compared to the control thin-film composite polyamide membranes. The magnitude and distribution of adhesion forces for the different membrane surfaces suggest that the antifouling properties of the superhydrophilic membranes originate from the barrier provided by the tightly bound hydration layer at their surface, as well as from the neutralization of the native carboxyl groups of thin-film composite polyamide membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Tiraferri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , P.O. Box 208286 New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, USA
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561
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Zhao X, Su Y, Chen W, Peng J, Jiang Z. Grafting perfluoroalkyl groups onto polyacrylonitrile membrane surface for improved fouling release property. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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562
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Wan F, Pei X, Yu B, Ye Q, Zhou F, Xue Q. Grafting polymer brushes on biomimetic structural surfaces for anti-algae fouling and foul release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4557-65. [PMID: 22931043 DOI: 10.1021/am300912w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sylgard-184 silicone elastomer negative replica and resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) positive replica were made by biomimicking the patterns of natural Trifolium and three other kinds of leaves using the micromolding lithography. An effective antifouling (AF) polymer, poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PSPMA), was then grafted on these replica surfaces via the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The AF property of the modified biomimetic surfaces was tested via the settlement assay with two microalgae in different sizes, and their fouling-release (FR) property was evaluated by the removal assay. The results indicate that the structure of microspines on Trifolium leaf can inhibit settlement of microalgae and facilitate the cell release. The AF property was improved by modification with PSPMA brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, PR China
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563
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Konradi R, Acikgoz C, Textor M. Polyoxazolines for Nonfouling Surface Coatings - A Direct Comparison to the Gold Standard PEG. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1663-76. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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564
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Yang WJ, Pranantyo D, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Teo SLM, Rittschof D. Layer-by-Layer Click Deposition of Functional Polymer Coatings for Combating Marine Biofouling. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2769-80. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300757e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jing Yang
- NUS Graduate
School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
117576
| | - Dicky Pranantyo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 119260
| | - Koon-Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 119260
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 119260
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- Tropical Marine Science
Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 119223
| | - Daniel Rittschof
- Nicholas School of
the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516-9721, United States
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565
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Ivanova EP, Hasan J, Webb HK, Truong VK, Watson GS, Watson JA, Baulin VA, Pogodin S, Wang JY, Tobin MJ, Löbbe C, Crawford RJ. Natural bactericidal surfaces: mechanical rupture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells by cicada wings. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2489-94. [PMID: 22674670 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural superhydrophobic surfaces are often thought to have antibiofouling potential due to their self-cleaning properties. However, when incubated on cicada wings, Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells are not repelled; instead they are penetrated by the nanopillar arrays present on the wing surface, resulting in bacterial cell death. Cicada wings are effective antibacterial, as opposed to antibiofouling, surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P Ivanova
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia.
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566
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Epstein AK, Wong TS, Belisle RA, Boggs EM, Aizenberg J. Liquid-infused structured surfaces with exceptional anti-biofouling performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:13182-7. [PMID: 22847405 PMCID: PMC3421179 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201973109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria primarily exist in robust, surface-associated communities known as biofilms, ubiquitous in both natural and anthropogenic environments. Mature biofilms resist a wide range of antimicrobial treatments and pose persistent pathogenic threats. Treatment of adherent biofilm is difficult, costly, and, in medical systems such as catheters or implants, frequently impossible. At the same time, strategies for biofilm prevention based on surface chemistry treatments or surface microstructure have been found to only transiently affect initial attachment. Here we report that Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS) prevent 99.6% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm attachment over a 7-d period, as well as Staphylococcus aureus (97.2%) and Escherichia coli (96%), under both static and physiologically realistic flow conditions. In contrast, both polytetrafluoroethylene and a range of nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces accumulate biofilm within hours. SLIPS show approximately 35 times the reduction of attached biofilm versus best case scenario, state-of-the-art PEGylated surface, and over a far longer timeframe. We screen for and exclude as a factor cytotoxicity of the SLIPS liquid, a fluorinated oil immobilized on a structured substrate. The inability of biofilm to firmly attach to the surface and its effective removal under mild flow conditions (about 1 cm/s) are a result of the unique, nonadhesive, "slippery" character of the smooth liquid interface, which does not degrade over the experimental timeframe. We show that SLIPS-based antibiofilm surfaces are stable in submerged, extreme pH, salinity, and UV environments. They are low-cost, passive, simple to manufacture, and can be formed on arbitrary surfaces. We anticipate that our findings will enable a broad range of antibiofilm solutions in the clinical, industrial, and consumer spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Epstein
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Tak-Sing Wong
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Rebecca A. Belisle
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Emily Marie Boggs
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115; and
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
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567
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Liu X, Zhou J, Xue Z, Gao J, Meng J, Wang S, Jiang L. Clam's shell inspired high-energy inorganic coatings with underwater low adhesive superoleophobicity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3401-5. [PMID: 22648962 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Unique underwater low adhesive superoleophobicity is discovered on the pallium-covered region of a short clam's shell. This property originates from the shell's inorganic composition of CaCO(3) and surface micro/nano-hierarchical structures. The oil-repellent shell provides an innovative strategy to develop novel underwater superoleophobic coatings using inorganic oxides such as copper oxide. This kind of coating is anticipated to be applied on engineering metals to protect aquatic equipment from oil contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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568
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Martinelli E, Galli G, Cwikel D, Marmur A. Wettability and Surface Tension of Amphiphilic Polymer Films: Time-Dependent Measurements of the Most Stable Contact Angle. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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569
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Cho Y, Sundaram HS, Finlay JA, Dimitriou MD, Callow ME, Callow JA, Kramer EJ, Ober CK. Reconstruction of Surfaces from Mixed Hydrocarbon and PEG Components in Water: Responsive Surfaces Aid Fouling Release. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1864-74. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Cho
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 14853, United States
| | - Harihara S. Sundaram
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 14853, United States
| | - John A. Finlay
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Dimitriou
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| | - Maureen E. Callow
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - James A. Callow
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Kramer
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 14853, United States
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570
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Quorum quenching revisited--from signal decays to signalling confusion. SENSORS 2012; 12:4661-96. [PMID: 22666051 PMCID: PMC3355433 DOI: 10.3390/s120404661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In a polymicrobial community, while some bacteria are communicating with neighboring cells (quorum sensing), others are interrupting the communication (quorum quenching), thus creating a constant arms race between intercellular communication. In the past decade, numerous quorum quenching enzymes have been found and initially thought to inactivate the signalling molecules. Though this is widely accepted, the actual roles of these quorum quenching enzymes are now being uncovered. Recent evidence extends the role of quorum quenching to detoxification or metabolism of signalling molecules as food and energy source; this includes “signalling confusion”, a term coined in this paper to refer to the phenomenon of non-destructive modification of signalling molecules. While quorum quenching has been explored as a novel anti-infective therapy targeting, quorum sensing evidence begins to show the development of resistance against quorum quenching.
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571
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Martinelli E, Sarvothaman MK, Alderighi M, Galli G, Mielczarski E, Mielczarski JA. PDMS network blends of amphiphilic acrylic copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol)-fluoroalkyl side chains for fouling-release coatings. I. Chemistry and stability of the film surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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572
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Ma CF, Yang HJ, Zhang GZ. Anti-biofouling by degradation of polymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-012-1158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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573
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Microfluidic assay to quantify the adhesion of marine bacteria. Biointerphases 2012; 7:26. [PMID: 22589069 DOI: 10.1007/s13758-012-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For both, environmental and medical applications, the quantification of bacterial adhesion is of major importance to understand and support the development of new materials. For marine applications, the demand is driven by the quest for improved fouling-release coatings. To determine the attachment strength of bacteria to coatings, a microfluidic adhesion assay has been developed which allows probing at which critical wall shear stress bacteria are removed from the surface. Besides the experimental setup and the optimization of the assay, we measured adhesion of the marine bacterium Cobetia marina on a series of differently terminated self-assembled monolayers. The results showed that the adhesion strength of C. marina changes with surface chemistry. The difference in critical shear stress needed to remove bacteria can vary by more than one order of magnitude if a hydrophobic material is compared to an inert chemistry such as polyethylene glycol.
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574
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Yorisue T, Matsumura K, Hirota H, Dohmae N, Kojima S. Possible molecular mechanisms of species recognition by barnacle larvae inferred from multi-specific sequencing analysis of proteinaceous settlement-inducing pheromone. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:605-611. [PMID: 22709314 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.695776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gregarious settlement is essential for reproduction and survival of many barnacles. A glycoprotein, settlement-inducing protein complex (SIPC) has been recognized as a signal for settlement and it is expressed in both conspecific adults and larvae. Although the settlement-inducing activities of SIPC are species-specific, the molecular-based mechanism by which larvae distinguish conspecific SIPC from the SIPC of other species is still unknown. Here, the complete primary structure of the SIPC of Megabalanus coccopoma, as well as the partial structure of the SIPCs of Balanus improvisus, Megabalanus rosa, and Elminius modestus are reported. These SIPCs contain highly variable regions that possibly modulate the affinity for the receptor, resulting in the species specificity of SIPC. In addition, the distribution patterns of potential N-glycosylation sites were seen to be different among the various species. Differences in such post-translational modifications may contribute to the species specificity of SIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Yorisue
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
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575
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Yang WJ, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Lee SSC, Teo SLM, Rittschof D. Functional polymer brushes via surface-initiated atom transfer radical graft polymerization for combating marine biofouling. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:895-912. [PMID: 22963034 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.719895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dense and uniform polymer brush coatings were developed to combat marine biofouling. Nonionic hydrophilic, nonionic hydrophobic, cationic, anionic and zwitterionic polymer brush coatings were synthesized via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride, 4-styrenesulfonic acid sodium and N,N'-dimethyl-(methylmethacryloyl ethyl) ammonium propanesulfonate, respectively. The functionalized surfaces had different efficacies in preventing adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA), adhesion of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB 2021 and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and settlement of cyprids of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (=Balanus amphitrite). The nonionic hydrophilic, anionic and zwitterionic polymer brushes resisted BSA adsorption during a 2 h exposure period. The nonionic hydrophilic, cationic and zwitterionic brushes exhibited resistance to bacterial fouling (24 h exposure) and cyprid settlement (24 and 48 h incubation). The hydrophobic brushes moderately reduced protein adsorption, and bacteria and cyprid settlement. The anionic brushes were least effective in preventing attachment of bacteria and barnacle cyprids. Thus, the best approach to combat biofouling involves a combination of nonionic hydrophilic and zwitterionic polymer brush coatings on material surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jing Yang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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576
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Yang J, Zhang Z, Xu X, Zhu X, Men X, Zhou X. Superhydrophilic–superoleophobic coatings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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577
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Evariste E, Gachon CMM, Callow ME, Callow JA. Development and characteristics of an adhesion bioassay for ectocarpoid algae. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:15-27. [PMID: 22146003 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.643466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Species of filamentous brown algae in the family Ectocarpaceae are significant members of fouling communities. However, there are few systematic studies on the influence of surface physico-chemical properties on their adhesion. In the present paper the development of a novel, laboratory-based adhesion bioassay for ectocarpoid algae, at an appropriate scale for the screening of sets of experimental samples in well-replicated and controlled experiments is described. The assays are based on the colonization of surfaces from a starting inoculum consisting of multicellular filaments obtained by blending the cultured alga Ectocarpus crouaniorum. The adhesion strength of the biomass after 14 days growth was assessed by applying a hydrodynamic shear stress. Results from adhesion tests on a set of standard surfaces showed that E. crouaniorum adhered more weakly to the amphiphilic Intersleek® 900 than to the more hydrophobic Intersleek® 700 and Silastic® T2 coatings. Adhesion to hydrophilic glass was also weak. Similar results were obtained for other cultivated species of Ectocarpus but differed from those obtained with the related ectocarpoid species Hincksia secunda. The response of the ectocarpoid algae to the surfaces was also compared to that for the green alga, Ulva.
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578
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Petrone L, Di Fino A, Aldred N, Sukkaew P, Ederth T, Clare AS, Liedberg B. Effects of surface charge and Gibbs surface energy on the settlement behaviour of barnacle cyprids (Balanus amphitrite). BIOFOULING 2011; 27:1043-1055. [PMID: 22043823 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.625474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gibbs surface energy has long been considered to be an important parameter in the design of fouling-resistant surfaces for marine applications. Rigorous testing of the hypothesis that settlement is related to Gibbs surface energy however has never been accomplished, due mainly to practical limitations imposed by the necessary combination of surface engineering and biological evaluation methods. In this article, the effects of surface charge and Gibbs surface energy on the settlement of cyprids of an important fouling barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, were evaluated. Settlement assays were conducted on a range of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) (CH(3)-, OH-, COOH-, N(CH(3))(3) (+)-, NH(2)-terminated), presented in gold-coated polystyrene well plates, varying in terms of their surface charge and Gibbs surface energy. Contrary to contemporary theory, settlement was not increased by high-energy surfaces, rather the opposite was found to be the case with cyprids settling in greater numbers on a low-energy CH(3)- SAM compared to a high-energy OH- SAM. Settlement was also greater on negatively-charged SAMs, compared to neutral and positively-charged SAMs. These findings are discussed in the context of data drawn from surfaces that varied in multiple characteristics simultaneously, as have been used previously for such experiments. The finding that surface charge, rather than total surface energy, may be responsible for surface selection by cyprids, will have significant implications for the design of future fouling-resistant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Petrone
- Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University Linköping , SE-581 83, Sweden
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579
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Elimelech M, Phillip WA. The Future of Seawater Desalination: Energy, Technology, and the Environment. Science 2011; 333:712-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1200488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3939] [Impact Index Per Article: 303.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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580
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Neoh KG, Kang ET. Combating bacterial colonization on metals via polymer coatings: relevance to marine and medical applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:2808-2819. [PMID: 21732600 DOI: 10.1021/am200646t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metals are widely used in engineering as well as medical applications. However, their surfaces are easily colonized by bacteria that form biofilms. Among the numerous concerns with biofilm formation, biocorrosion is of particular importance in industry, because structural integrity may be compromised, leading to technical failures. In the food industry and medical field, biofilms also pose health risks. To inhibit bacterial colonization, the surfaces of metals can be coated with a polymeric layer which is antiadhesive and/or bactericidal. This article describes polymers that have these desired properties and the methodologies for immobilizing them on metal surfaces of relevance to the marine and medical fields. The focus is on polymer coatings that have a high degree of stability in aqueous medium and do not leach out. The efficacies of the different polymer coatings against bacteria commonly encountered in marine (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) and medical applications (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260.
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