551
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Mheta D, Mashamba-Thompson TP. Barriers and facilitators of access to maternal services for women with disabilities: scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:99. [PMID: 28511666 PMCID: PMC5432992 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasises the increasing equitable coverage of quality health care and provision of integrated services as means of reducing maternal mortality. Despite so much effort being placed on improved access to maternity health care, studies show that women with disabilities are being systemically excluded from the mainstream maternal health services. The proposed scoping review aims to map literature on the barriers and facilitators of access to maternal services for women with disabilities. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The search strategy for this scoping review study will involve electronic databases including Pubmed, MEDLINE via EBSCOhost, CINAHL Plus with full text via EBSCOhost, Africa-Wide Info via EBSCOhost, JSTOR and Proquest Health and Medical Complete. Articles will also be searched through the "Cited by" search as well as citations included in the reference lists of included articles. A two-stage mapping strategy would be conducted. Stage 1 would be to screen studies through examining their titles. Furthermore, we will screen abstracts of the identified studies descriptively and by focus and method as stipulated by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In stage 2, we will extract data from the included studies. A parallel screening and data extraction will be undertaken by two reviewers. We will access the quality of the included studies using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT). We will use NVIVO version 10 to extract the relevant outcomes and thematic analysis of the studies. DISCUSSION We anticipate to find relevant studies reporting evidence on the barriers and facilitators of access to maternal health services in Sub-Saharan Africa. The evidence obtained from the included studies when summarised will help guide future research. The study findings will be disseminated electronically and in print. In addition, it will be presented at conferences related to sexual reproductive health, maternal health care and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Mheta
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Tivani P Mashamba-Thompson
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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552
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Vedachalam S, MacDonald LH, Shiferaw S, Seme A, Schwab KJ. Underreporting of high-risk water and sanitation practices undermines progress on global targets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176272. [PMID: 28489904 PMCID: PMC5425011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Water and sanitation indicators under the Millennium Development Goals failed to capture high-risk practices undertaken on a regular basis. In conjunction with local partners, fourteen rounds of household surveys using mobile phones with a customized open-source application were conducted across nine study geographies in Asia and Africa. In addition to the main water and sanitation facilities, interviewees (n = 245,054) identified all water and sanitation options regularly used for at least one season of the year. Unimproved water consumption and open defecation were targeted as high-risk practices. We defined underreporting as the difference between the regular and main use of high-risk practices. Our estimates of high-risk practices as the main option matched the widely accepted Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) estimates within the 95% confidence interval. However, estimates of these practices as a regular option was far higher than the DHS estimates. Across the nine geographies, median underreporting of unimproved water use was 5.5%, with a range of 0.5% to 13.9%. Median underreporting of open defecation was much higher at 9.9%, with a range of 2.7% to 11.5%. This resulted in an underreported population of 25 million regularly consuming unimproved water and 50 million regularly practicing open defecation. Further examination of data from Ethiopia suggested that location and socio-economic factors were significant drivers of underreporting. Current global monitoring relies on a framework that considers the availability and use of a single option to meet drinking water and sanitation needs. Our analysis demonstrates the use of multiple options and widespread underreporting of high-risk practices. Policies based on current monitoring data, therefore, fail to consider the range of challenges and solutions to meeting water and sanitation needs, and result in an inflated sense of progress. Mobile surveys offer a cost-effective and innovative platform to rapidly and repeatedly monitor critical development metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Vedachalam
- Johns Hopkins Water Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 United States of America
| | - Luke H MacDonald
- Johns Hopkins Water Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 United States of America
| | - Solomon Shiferaw
- School of Public Health, Addis Abbaba University, Addis Abbaba, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Seme
- School of Public Health, Addis Abbaba University, Addis Abbaba, Ethiopia
| | - Kellogg J Schwab
- Johns Hopkins Water Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 United States of America
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553
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Zheng X, Lin M, Xie DD, Li J, Chen JT, Eyi UM, Monte-Nguba SM, Ehapo JCS, Yang H, Yang HT, Yang LY. Prevalence of HIV and malaria: a cross-sectional study on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2017; 16:65-70. [PMID: 28367743 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2016.1257495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria and HIV are two of the most severe public health problems in Africa. However, epidemiological data on Bioko Island is scarce. To investigate the prevalence of malaria and HIV infections and assess association of malaria and HIV infections and possible confounding factors, we performed a cross-sectional survey of people of malaria-endemic Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. A cross-sectional study of 1 526 subjects was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria and HIV infection in Malabo region hospital on Bioko Island. Questionnaires were administered and venous blood samples were drawn for malaria parasites and HIV detection. The prevalence of participants infected with malaria and HIV in this area were 13.8% and 6.6% respectively. The average prevalence of co-infection for malaria and HIV was 0.92%. HIV-infection was significantly associated with the age and gender. Malaria infections were significantly associated with the age. This study showed that the prevalence of HIV and malaria on Bioko Island was higher than expected, although the co-infection prevalence of malaria and HIV was low. The results also indicated that malaria and HIV infections lead to more public health risk to youngsters and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Zheng
- a Central Laboratory , Chaozhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University , Chaozhou , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- a Central Laboratory , Chaozhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University , Chaozhou , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-De Xie
- b Laboratory Medical Center , The People's Hospital of Jiangmen , Jiangmen , Guangdong , People's Republic of China.,c The Chinese medical aid team to the Republic of Equatorial Guinea , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- d Department of Parasitology , College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan , Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Tao Chen
- c The Chinese medical aid team to the Republic of Equatorial Guinea , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China.,e Laboratory Medical Center , Huizhou Municipal Central People's Hospital , Guangdong, Huizhou , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Urbano Monsuy Eyi
- f Central Blood Transfusion Service , Malabo Regional Hospital , Malabo , Republic of Equatorial Guinea
| | - Santiago-M Monte-Nguba
- g Medical Laboratory , Malabo Regional Hospital , Malabo , Republic of Equatorial Guinea
| | - Juan Carlos Sala Ehapo
- g Medical Laboratory , Malabo Regional Hospital , Malabo , Republic of Equatorial Guinea
| | - Hui Yang
- a Central Laboratory , Chaozhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University , Chaozhou , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Tian Yang
- a Central Laboratory , Chaozhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University , Chaozhou , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ye Yang
- a Central Laboratory , Chaozhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University , Chaozhou , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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554
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Letamo G, Keetile M, Navaneetham K. The impact of HIV antiretroviral treatment perception on risky sexual behaviour in Botswana: a short report. AIDS Care 2017; 29:1589-1593. [PMID: 28406033 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1316354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of ART perception on risky sexual behaviours in Botswana. Using binary logistic regression analysis controlling for individual characteristics, the results tend to support the hypothesis that ART misconceptions do not necessarily increase risky sexual behaviours. In particular, the study findings suggest the belief that ARVs cure HIV and AIDS and that people on ARVs should not always use condoms do not necessarily lead to increased risky sexual behaviours, particularly among women. Gender differentials exist in the perceived sexual risk resulting from the use of ART. Risky sexual behaviours increase for women who, wrongly, believed that ARVs cure HIV and AIDS and people on ARVs should not always use condoms. Although there is evidence to suggest ART perceptions do not necessarily lead to increased risky sexual behaviours, HIV and AIDS prevention programmes are needed to strengthen their information, education and communication intervention component that can address misconceptions about ART treatment and provide correct information that is gender-appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobopamang Letamo
- a Department of Population Studies , University of Botswana , Gaborone , Botswana
| | - Mpho Keetile
- a Department of Population Studies , University of Botswana , Gaborone , Botswana
| | - Kannan Navaneetham
- a Department of Population Studies , University of Botswana , Gaborone , Botswana
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555
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Belda SS, Haile MT, Melku AT, Tololu AK. Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among married pastoralist women in Bale eco-region, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:194. [PMID: 28288616 PMCID: PMC5348813 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women who live in remote rural areas encounter different challenges against contraception and often deny the use of modern contraceptive methods. The predictors of modern contraceptive utilization by pastoralist women in the Bale eco-region could be specific and are not well known. Therefore, this study aims to assess modern contraceptive utilization and its determinants among married pastoralist women in Bale eco-region, Oromia regional state, South East Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 20th November 2015 to 30th February 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to interview 549 married pastoralist women who were selected by multistage sampling technique. The data were analyzed by SPSS - 21 software, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of modern contraceptive use at (P-value <0.05), and odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were used to assess the strength of associations between variables. Results The current modern contraceptive method use by married pastoralist women was (20.8%). Among the total users, (78.1%) use the injectable method. The common reasons for non-use of modern contraceptive methods includes: religious-opposition (55.9%), desire for more children (28.3%), fear of side effects (25.5%), and husband’s opposition (17.5%). Couple discussion (AOR = 4.63, 95%CI: 2.15, 9.98), perceived husband’s approval (AOR = 8.00, 95% CI: 3.52, 18.19), discussion with health extension worker (AOR = 5.99, 95% CI: 1.81, 19.85), and perceived cultural acceptability (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.03) were the independent predictors of modern contraceptive use by married pastoralist women in Bale eco-region. Conclusion The study identified lower modern contraceptive method utilization by pastoralist women, and the majority of the contraceptive users rely on short- acting contraceptive methods. The uncomplimentary perceptions towards religious and cultural acceptability of modern contraceptive method were among the major reasons for lesser utilization of the methods. Family planning programs should be tailored to actively involve pastoralist women, husbands, and religious leaders in pastoralist communities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2115-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semere Sileshi Belda
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, P.O.Box 302, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia.
| | - Mekonnen Tegegne Haile
- Department of Nursing, Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Abulie Takele Melku
- Department of Nursing, Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Abdurehaman Kalu Tololu
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, P.O.Box 302, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
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556
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Akoria OA. Establishing in-hospital geriatrics services in Africa: Insights from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital geriatrics project. Ann Afr Med 2017; 15:145-53. [PMID: 27549420 PMCID: PMC5402812 DOI: 10.4103/1596-3519.188896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Unawareness of the peculiar healthcare needs of the elderly and resource constraints may be some reasons why until recently, Nigerian hospitals have not been equipped with the human and infrastructural resources required to meet older adults’ special healthcare needs. There is paucity of specialized health services for the elderly in Africa. Nigeria, with a population of over 170 million, did not have any healthcare facility with dedicated services for the elderly until 2012. The University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) in Nigeria was established in 1973 and created its geriatrics unit in October 2013. A prepared environment and trained interdisciplinary teams are pivotal in providing effective healthcare services for the elderly. The ongoing UBTH geriatrics project aims to provide specialized interdisciplinary health services to older adults and to provide training and continuing professional development in geriatrics for healthcare staff. In developing our inpatient services, we adopted the acute care for elders (ACE) model and worked in tandem with the “ABCs” of implementing ACE units. Results: In the face of limited resources, it was possible to establish a functional geriatrics unit with a trained interdisciplinary team. Family participation is central in our practice. Since October 2013, residents and house officers in internal medicine have been undertaking 4- and 12-weekly rotations, respectively. There is also a robust academic program, which includes once-weekly geriatric pharmacotherapy seminars, once-weekly interdisciplinary seminars, and 2-weekly journal club meetings alternating with seminars on geriatric assessment tools. Conclusions: It is possible to establish geriatric services and achieve best practices in resource-limited settings by investing on improving available human resources and infrastructure. We also make recommendations for setting up similar services in other parts of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obehi Aituaje Akoria
- Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo, Nigeria
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557
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Adjei NK, Billingsley S. Childbearing Behavior Before and After the 1994 Population Policies in Ghana. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-017-9426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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558
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Heunis JC, Kigozi NG, Chikobvu P, Botha S, van Rensburg HD. Risk factors for mortality in TB patients: a 10-year electronic record review in a South African province. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:38. [PMID: 28061839 PMCID: PMC5217308 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 1990, reduction of tuberculosis (TB) mortality has been lower in South Africa than in other high-burden countries in Africa. This research investigated the influence of routinely captured demographic and clinical or programme variables on death in TB patients in the Free State Province. Methods A retrospective review of case information captured in the Electronic TB register (ETR.net) over the years 2003 to 2012 was conducted. Extracted data were subjected to descriptive and logistic regression analyses. The outcome variable was defined as all registered TB cases with ‘died’ as the recorded outcome. The variables associated with increased or decreased odds of dying in TB patients were established. The univariate and adjusted odds ratios (OR and AOR) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated, taking the clustering effect of the districts into account. Results Of the 190,472 TB cases included in the analysis, 30,991 (16.3%) had ‘died’ as the recorded treatment outcome. The proportion of TB patients that died increased from 15.1% in 2003 to 17.8% in 2009, before declining to 15.4% in 2012. The odds of dying was incrementally higher in the older age groups: 8–17 years (AOR: 2.0; CI: 1.5–2.7), 18–49 years (AOR: 5.8; CI: 4.0–8.4), 50–64 years (AOR: 7.7; CI: 4.6–12.7), and ≥65 years (AOR: 14.4; CI: 10.3–20.2). Other factors associated with increased odds of mortality included: HIV co-infection (males – AOR: 2.4; CI: 2.1–2.8; females – AOR: 1.9; CI: 1.7–2.1) or unknown HIV status (males – AOR: 2.8; CI: 2.5–3.1; females – AOR: 2.4; CI: 2.2–2.6), having a negative (AOR: 1.4; CI: 1.3–1.6) or a missing (AOR: 2.1; CI: 1.4–3.2) pre-treatment sputum smear result, and being a retreatment case (AOR: 1.3; CI: 1.2–1.4). Conclusions Although mortality in TB patients in the Free State has been falling since 2009, it remained high at more than 15% in 2012. Appropriately targeted treatment and care for the identified high-risk groups could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christo Heunis
- Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - N Gladys Kigozi
- Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Perpetual Chikobvu
- Free State Department of Health, P.O. Box 277, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.,Department of Community Health, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Sonja Botha
- JPS Africa, Postnet Suite 132, Private Bag X14, Brooklyn, Pretoria, 0011, South Africa
| | - Hcj Dingie van Rensburg
- Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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559
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Tabutin D, Masquelier B. Tendances et inégalités de mortalité de 1990 à 2015 dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire. POPULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.3917/popu.1702.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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560
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Lankoande B, Sié A. Migration sélective des adultes et inégalités face au décès entre milieux urbains et ruraux au Burkina Faso. POPULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.3917/popu.1702.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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561
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Lesclingand M, Hertrich V. Quand les filles donnent le ton. Migrations adolescentes au Mali. POPULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.3917/popu.1701.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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562
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Odimegwu CO, De Wet N, Banda PC. Risky sexual behaviour among women: Does economic empowerment matter? Case of Gabon, Mozambique, Sierra-Leone and Zambia. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2016; 15:333-340. [DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2016.1238401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford O. Odimegwu
- Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole De Wet
- Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pamela C. Banda
- Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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563
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Bukbuk DN, Dowall SD, Lewandowski K, Bosworth A, Baba SS, Varghese A, Watson RJ, Bell A, Atkinson B, Hewson R. Serological and Virological Evidence of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus Circulation in the Human Population of Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005126. [PMID: 27926935 PMCID: PMC5142770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite several studies on the seroprevalence of antibodies against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV) from humans and cattle in Nigeria, detailed investigation looking at IgG and IgM have not been reported. Additionally, there have been no confirmed cases of human CCHFV infection reported from Nigeria. Principal Findings Samples from sera (n = 1189) collected from four Local Government Areas in Borno State (Askira/Uba, Damboa, Jere and Maiduguri) were assessed for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies. The positivity rates for IgG and IgM were 10.6% and 3.5%, respectively. Additionally, sera from undiagnosed febrile patients (n = 380) were assessed by RT-PCR assay for the presence of CCHFV RNA. One positive sample was characterised by further by next generation sequencing (NGS) resulting in complete S, M and L segment sequences. Conclusions This article provides evidence for the continued exposure of the human population of Nigeria to CCHFV. The genomic analysis provides the first published evidence of a human case of CCHFV in Nigeria and its phylogenetic context. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute tick-borne zoonotic disease. The causative agent, CCHF virus (CCHFV), has the most extensive geographical distribution of the medically important tick-borne viral diseases with a distribution over much of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and expanding areas of south-eastern Europe. Whilst the main route of human infection with CCHFV is predominantly through tick bite, it can also be spread via bodily fluids and it has a reputation for causing nosocomial outbreaks in healthcare settings. Whilst CCHFV has been identified in ticks from Nigeria since 1970, there is scarce information on human infection. Within this report, the prevalence of CCHFV-reactive antibodies has been assessed in human sera providing evidence of continued circulation of the virus in the human population of Borno state, Nigeria. Additionally, in one sample the presence of viral RNA was detected which allowed a full sequence of the CCHFV to be obtained. This is the first report of CCHFV being associated in a human case from Nigeria and the full genetic characterisation of the virus being completed. The evidence within supports the hypothesis that CCHFV is endemic in Nigeria and should be considered as an aetiological agent in febrile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Bukbuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Stuart D. Dowall
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kuiama Lewandowski
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bosworth
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Saka S. Baba
- Animal Virus Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Anitha Varghese
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Watson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bell
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Atkinson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hewson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
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564
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Oyediran KA. Explaining trends and patterns in attitudes towards wife-beating among women in Nigeria: analysis of 2003, 2008, and 2013 Demographic and Health Survey data. GENUS 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41118-016-0016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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565
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The experiences of clients and healthcare providers regarding the provision of reproductive health services including the prevention of HIV and AIDS in an informal settlement in Tshwane. Health SA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hsag.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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566
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Danhoundo G, Khanlou N. Family Ties and Mental Health of Orphans in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Does the Gender of the Dead Parent Matter? Int J Ment Health Addict 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-016-9717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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567
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Garenne M, Collinson MA, Kabudula CW, Gómez-Olivé FX, Kahn K, Tollman S. Completeness of birth and death registration in a rural area of South Africa: the Agincourt health and demographic surveillance, 1992-2014. Glob Health Action 2016; 9:32795. [PMID: 27782873 PMCID: PMC5081031 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v9.32795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Completeness of vital registration remains very low in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in rural areas. Objectives To investigate trends and factors in completeness of birth and death registration in Agincourt, a rural area of South Africa covering a population of about 110,000 persons, under demographic surveillance since 1992. The population belongs to the Shangaan ethnic group and hosts a sizeable community of Mozambican refugees. Design Statistical analysis of birth and death registration over time in a 22-year perspective (1992–2014). Over this period, major efforts were made by the government of South Africa to improve vital registration. Factors associated with completeness of registration were investigated using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Birth registration was very incomplete at onset (7.8% in 1992) and reached high values at end point (90.5% in 2014). Likewise, death registration was low at onset (51.4% in 1992), also reaching high values at end point (97.1% in 2014). For births, the main factors were mother's age (much lower completeness among births to adolescent mothers), refugee status, and household wealth. For deaths, the major factors were age at death (lower completeness among under-five children), refugee status, and household wealth. Completeness increased for all demographic and socioeconomic categories studied and is likely to approach 100% in the future if trends continue at this speed. Conclusion Reaching high values in the completeness of birth and death registration was achieved by excellent organization of the civil registration and vital statistics, a variety of financial incentives, strong involvement of health personnel, and wide-scale information and advocacy campaigns by the South African government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Garenne
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMI Résiliences, Bondy, France.,Institut Pasteur, Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Paris, France.,FERDI, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; /
| | - Mark A Collinson
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chodziwadziwa W Kabudula
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana
| | - F Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stephen Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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568
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SURVEY OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG UNMARRIED YOUNG SCHOOL AND COLLEGE DROP-OUTS IN A DEFINED NIGERIAN POPULATION. J Biosoc Sci 2016; 49:675-684. [PMID: 27692002 DOI: 10.1017/s002193201600050x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to characterize sexual behaviour, contraceptive use and contributory upbringing factors among young people who had dropped out of school or college in a Nigerian setting. A community-based, cross-sectional sexual survey of 161 young people aged between 15 and 35 who had dropped out of school or college was performed in Ado-Ekiti, south-west Nigeria, in April 2015. One hundred and nineteen of the respondents (73.9%) had had sexual intercourse. Mean age at sexual debut was 19.08±3.5 years. Of those with sexual experience, 79 (66.4%) had their sexual debut with a previous boy/girlfriend and 33 (27.7%) had it in their current relationship. Three (2.5%) respondents had first sex with a stranger. About 90% were still having sexual intercourse within 12 months of the survey; more males had had sex than females (81.1% versus 67.8%). Around 80% of those with sexual exposure practised a form of contraception, mainly use of the male condom, but fewer than 25% were all-time contraceptive users. Coming from a single-parent family (p=0.04) or from a family of poor economic status (AOR: 7.41; 95% CI: 0.69-0.83) were found to be associated with sexual debut by the age of 19 and premarital sex, respectively, in these young people. Unprotected sexual intimacy was found to be high among young school/college drop-outs in this region of Nigeria. This group of young people need targeted reproductive health intervention as they represent a potent route for HIV transmission in the region.
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569
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Landoh DE, Ouro-Kavalah F, Yaya I, Kahn AL, Wasswa P, Lacle A, Nassoury DI, Gitta SN, Soura AB. Predictors of incomplete immunization coverage among one to five years old children in Togo. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:968. [PMID: 27618851 PMCID: PMC5020474 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incompleteness of vaccination coverage among children is a major public health concern because itcontinues to sustain a high prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases in some countries. In Togo, very few data on the factors associated with incomplete vaccination coverage among children have been published. We determined the prevalence of incomplete immunization coverage in children aged one to five years in Togo and associated factors. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2010 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS4) conducted in 2010 among children aged 1 to 5 years in Togo. This survey was conducted over a period of two months from September to November, 2010. RESULTS During Togo'sMICS4 survey, 2067 children met the inclusion criteria for our study. Female children accounted for 50.9 % (1051/2067) of the sample and 1372 (66.4 %) lived in rural areas. The majority of children (92.2 %; 1905/2067) lived with both parents and 30 % of the head of households interviewed were not schooled (620/2067). At the time of the survey, 36.2 % (750/2067) of the children had not received all vaccines recommended by Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with incompleteness of immunization at 1 year were: health region of residences (Maritime aOR = 0.650; p = 0.043; Savanes: aOR = 0.324; p <0.001), non-schooled mother (aOR = 1.725; p = 0.002),standard of living (poor: aOR = 1.668; p = 0.013; medium: aOR = 1.393; p = 0.090) and the following characteristics of the household heads: sex (aOR = 1.465; p = 0.034), marital status (aOR = 1.591; p = 0.032), education level(non-educated: aOR = 1.435; p = 0.027. CONCLUSION The incomplete immunization coverage among children in Togo remains high. It is necessary to strengthen health promotion among the population in order to improve the use of immunization services that are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality among under five years old children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Issifou Yaya
- Aix-Marseille Université INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé &Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France.,Unité de Recherche Démographique (URD) Université, Lomé, Togo
| | - Anna-Lea Kahn
- World Health Organization, Headquarters, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wasswa
- African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anani Lacle
- Division de l'épidémiologie, Ministère de la Santé du Togo, Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Abdramane Bassiahi Soura
- Institut supérieur des sciences de la population (ISSP), ISSP, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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570
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Mahande MJ, Phimemon RN, Ramadhani HO. Factors associated with changes in uptake of HIV testing among young women (aged 15-24) in Tanzania from 2003 to 2012. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:92. [PMID: 27595846 PMCID: PMC5011841 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study explored the factors associated with changes in HIV testing uptake among young women in Tanzania, based on an analysis of data from the 2003–2004 Tanzania HIV/AIDS Indicator Survey, and the 2007–2008 and 2011–2012 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Surveys. Methods The study population consisted of young women aged 15–24 years at the time of the survey. Multivariate decomposition analysis was used to assess factors associated with changes in HIV testing uptake between the 2003–2004 and 2007–2008 surveys, and between the 2007–2008 and 2011–2012 surveys. Results HIV testing uptake among the study population was 7 % in 2003–2004, 31 % in 2007–2008 and 40 % in 2011–2012. The time period of the survey had a substantial effect on the uptake of HIV testing independent of other covariates. The characteristics that were significantly associated with a higher chance of HIV testing uptake across the surveys were age (20–24), education level (primary and secondary), ever being married, having at least one lifetime sexual partner, having a sexually transmitted infection or associated symptoms, and receiving antenatal care. Conclusions Changes in the study participants’ characteristics in the 2003–2004 survey compared with the 2007–2008 survey were associated with a decrease in HIV testing uptake. Comparing the 2007–2008 survey with the 2011–2012 survey shows that the changes in the participants’ characteristics contributed to 22 % of the changes in HIV testing uptake, while 78 % of the changes were attributed to coefficients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0180-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Rune N Phimemon
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Habib O Ramadhani
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
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571
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Cau BM, Falcão J, Arnaldo C. Determinants of poor self-rated health among adults in urban Mozambique. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:856. [PMID: 27553080 PMCID: PMC4995828 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-rated health is a measure expressing the general condition of health of individuals. Self-rated health studies are common in developed countries and in some developing regions. Despite increasing proportion of adult and older population in sub-Saharan Africa and poor population health indicators, there is a dearth of studies on self-rated health in the region. This study examines factors associated with poor self-rated health among adult individuals in Maputo metropolitan area in Mozambique. Methods Data for this study come from a survey of 1768 individuals aged 18 years or more carried out in Maputo metropolitan area, Mozambique, in 2015. Employing multiple logistic regression, the study used a subsample of 677 female and male respondents aged 40 years or more to estimate the determinants of poor self-rated health. Results About 54 % of respondents aged 40 years or more believed that their health status was poor. Female respondents [Odds Ratios (OR) = 3.43, p <0.01], single (OR = 4.71, p < 0.05), widow (OR = 1.81, p < 0.05), separated or divorced (OR = 2.08, p < 0.05) and those believing that hypertension or heart problem was a major community health problem (OR = 1.56, p < 0.05) displayed higher odds of reporting poor health than their peers, net of other factors. Furthermore, individuals aged 40–49 years (OR = 0.45, p < 0.01), or 50–59 years (OR = 0.59, p < 0.05), those whose work involves intensive physical activity (OR = 0.60, p < 0.05) and those from households treating drinking water (OR = 0.49, p < 0.01) showed lower odds of reporting poor health, adjusting for other factors. Conclusion Overall, the results point to the importance of age, gender, marital status, socioeconomic circumstances, individuals’ health behaviors and perceived community health problems as key determinants of poor self-rated health among adults in Maputo metropolitan area. Given the growing number of adult and older people in sub-Saharan Africa, the rising importance of non-communicable diseases and the scarcity of studies on determinants of poor self-rated health among adults in the region, our findings may have implications for a better understanding of the drivers of poor health among adults in urban sub-Saharan Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaventura M Cau
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), C.P. 257, Maputo, Mozambique. .,Centro de Pesquisa em População e Saúde (CEPSA), Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Joana Falcão
- Centro de Pesquisa em População e Saúde (CEPSA), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carlos Arnaldo
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), C.P. 257, Maputo, Mozambique.,Centro de Pesquisa em População e Saúde (CEPSA), Maputo, Mozambique
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572
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Sharma N, Bohra B, Pragya N, Ciannella R, Dobie P, Lehmann S. Bioenergy from agroforestry can lead to improved food security, climate change, soil quality, and rural development. Food Energy Secur 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navin Sharma
- World Agroforestry Centre UN Gigiri Nairobi Kenya
| | - Babita Bohra
- World Agroforestry Centre NASC Complex New Delhi India
| | - Namita Pragya
- World Agroforestry Centre NASC Complex New Delhi India
| | | | - Phil Dobie
- World Agroforestry Centre UN Gigiri Nairobi Kenya
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573
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574
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Assefa E, Tadesse M. Factors related to the use of antenatal care services in Ethiopia: Application of the zero-inflated negative binomial model. Women Health 2016; 57:804-821. [PMID: 27602998 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1222325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The major causes for poor health in developing countries are inadequate access and under-use of modern health care services. The objective of this study was to identify and examine factors related to the use of antenatal care services using the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. The number of antenatal care visits during the last pregnancy by mothers aged 15 to 49 years (n = 7,737) was analyzed. More than 55% of the mothers did not use antenatal care (ANC) services, while more than 22% of the women used antenatal care services less than four times. More than half of the women (52%) who had access to health services had at least four antenatal care visits. The zero-inflated negative binomial model was found to be more appropriate for analyzing the data. Place of residence, age of mothers, woman's educational level, employment status, mass media exposure, religion, and access to health services were significantly associated with the use of antenatal care services. Accordingly, there should be progress toward a health-education program that enables more women to utilize ANC services, with the program targeting women in rural areas, uneducated women, and mothers with higher birth orders through appropriate media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyew Assefa
- a Department of Statistics , Dire Dawa University , Dire Dawa , Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Tadesse
- b Department of Statistics , Addis Ababa University , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia
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575
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Blignaut RJ, Jacobs J, Vergnani T. Trends in HIV risk behaviour of incoming first-year students at a South African university: 2007-2012. SAHARA J 2016; 12:39-50. [PMID: 26394535 DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2015.1086275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research on which this article is based was to understand the behavioural changes of the target student population over time to ensure that future prevention programmes are more effective in changing behaviour. This study reports on quantitative data collected at the University of the Western Cape over a six-year period between 2007 and 2012. All the students attending the orientation sessions and who were willing to complete the anonymous questionnaire during each of the six years were included in the study. Data were collected on the following aspects and subjects: sexual activity, age at first sexual encounter, number of sexual partners, condom usage, knowledge of how to use a condom, perceived ability to discuss condoms usage with a sexual partner, perception of HIV risk and HIV testing as well as the intention to be tested. Reported alcohol and drug usage, as well as depressive symptoms, was also recorded. The percentage of students reporting having had vaginal sex prior to entering university increased from 44% in 2007 to 51% in 2012 but, alarmingly, the consistent use of condoms decreased from 60% in 2007 to 51% in 2012. The average onset age of about 15.6 years for males and 16.7 years for females for vaginal sex did not change over the six-year period. No difference in smoking patterns or drug use was seen over the period of the study, but the number of entering students who indicated that they consumed alcohol increased significantly from 48% in 2007 to 58% in 2012. HIV testing increased from 19% in 2007 to 47% in 2012, whereas the intention to be tested showed no significant change over the period. Although students increasingly reported that they knew enough about HIV/AIDS (63% in 2007 and 69% in 2012), about a third reported suffering from AIDS fatigue. Prevention efforts targeted at those incoming first-year students who are not yet sexually active (about 45% in this study) should be developed and should take into account the multiplicity of factors that appear to influence their sexual debut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rénette J Blignaut
- a PhD, is a Professor at the Department of Statistics and Population Studies , UWC , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Joachim Jacobs
- b MA, is a Director of HIV & AIDS Programme, UWC , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Tania Vergnani
- c PhD, is a Retired Director of HIV and AIDS Programme, c/o HIV & AIDS Programme, UWC , Private Bag X17, Bellville , South Africa
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576
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Abstract
This article aims to advance the global issue of elder abuse through exploring how the current body of elder abuse literature can collectively pave the way for present and future directions for research, practice, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinQi Dong
- a Chinese Health, Aging and Policy Program, Rush Institute for Healthy Aging , Rush University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Bei Wang
- b Rush University Medical Center , Chicago Illinois , USA
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577
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Ballet J, Bhukuth A. Recruitment Patterns of Child Trafficking in Madagascar: An Analysis Based on Missing and Recovered Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23322705.2015.1111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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578
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Abstract
Under-five mortality remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Zimbabwe is one of the countries in the region that failed to achieve Millennium Developmental Goal 4 in 2015. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which maternal health-seeking behaviour prior to and during pregnancy and post-delivery influences the likelihood of under-five mortality among Zimbabwean children. The study was cross-sectional and data were extracted from the 2010/11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). The study sample comprised 5155 children who were born five years preceding the 2010/11 ZDHS to a sample of 4128 women of reproductive age (15-49 years). Cox Proportional Hazard regression modelling was used to examine the relationship between maternal health-seeking behaviour and under-five mortality. The results showed that maternal health-seeking behaviour factors are associated with the risk of dying during childhood. Children born to mothers who had ever used contraceptives (HR: 0.38, CI 0.28-0.51) had a lower risk of dying during childhood compared with children born to mothers who had never used any contraceptive method. The risk of under-five mortality among children who had a postnatal check-up within two months after birth (HR: 0.36, CI 0.23-0.56) was lower than that of children who did not receive postnatal care. Small birth size (HR: 1.70, CI 1.20-2.41) and higher birth order (2+) increased the risk of under-five mortality. Good maternal health-seeking behaviour practices at the three critical stages around childbirth have the potential to reduce under-five mortality. Therefore, public health programmes should focus on influencing health-seeking behaviour among women and removing obstacles to effective maternal health-seeking behaviour in Zimbabwe.
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579
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Wealth index, empowerment and modern contraceptive use among married women in Nigeria: are they interrelated? J Public Health (Oxf) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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580
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Baiden F, Mensah GP, Akoto NO, Delvaux T, Appiah PC. Covert contraceptive use among women attending a reproductive health clinic in a municipality in Ghana. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2016; 16:31. [PMID: 27266263 PMCID: PMC4893877 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-016-0310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Covert contraceptive use (CCU) in sub-Saharan Africa is an indication of women’s inability to exercise autonomy in their reproductive choices. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of CCU among a sample of FP clients in a municipality of Ghana. Methods We conducted a mixed method study among women attending a public reproductive health clinic in Sunyani, a city of over 250,000 inhabitants in Ghana. An initial survey inquired into sociodemographic characteristics, use of family planning (FP) methods and partner awareness of contraceptive use. The predictors of CCU were explored using logistic regressions. We used the findings to develop a guide which we applied in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with attendants at the same facility. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using a framework approach. Results We interviewed 300 women, 48 % of whom were aged between 26–33 years. The injectable was the most widely used method (56 %). The prevalence of CCU was 34 %. In multivariate analysis, single women were more likely to practice CCU than married or co-habiting women (Adjusted OR = 12.12, 95 % C.I. 4.73–31.1). Muslim and traditionalist women were similarly more likely to practice CCU than non-Muslim, non-traditionalist (Adjusted OR = 4.56, 2.29–9.06). Women who preferred to have their first or next child in 4 or more years from the time of the interview were more likely to be in CCU than women who intended to have children within 4 years of the interview (2.57; 1.37–4.83). Single women saw in covert use a statement of their social autonomy. To succeed in CCU, women wished that clinic attendance cards would not be given to them to keep at home. Though many participants saw in CCU a source of anxiety, they expected health workers to consider it and uphold confidentiality in the provision of services. Conclusions Covert contraceptive use was high in this municipality and being single was the strongest predictor of the practice. Providers of FP services should reflect on how to adequately address the challenges faced by women who practice CCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Baiden
- Epidemiology Unit, Ensign College of Public Health, Kpong, ER, Ghana. .,Faculty of Public Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Fiapre, BAR, Ghana.
| | - G P Mensah
- Faculty of Public Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Fiapre, BAR, Ghana
| | - N O Akoto
- Faculty of Public Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Fiapre, BAR, Ghana
| | - T Delvaux
- Unit of HIV/AIDS Policy, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Public Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P C Appiah
- Municipal Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Sunyani, BAR, Ghana
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581
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Hamisu AW, Johnson TM, Craig K, Mkanda P, Banda R, Tegegne SG, Oyetunji A, Ningi N, Mohammed SM, Adamu MI, Abdulrahim K, Nsubuga P, Vaz RG, Muhammed AJG. Strategies for Improving Polio Surveillance Performance in the Security-Challenged Nigerian States of Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe During 2009-2014. J Infect Dis 2016; 213 Suppl 3:S136-9. [PMID: 26655842 PMCID: PMC4818552 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The security-challenged states of Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe bear most of the brunt of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. The security challenge has led to the killing of health workers, destruction of health facilities, and displacement of huge populations. To identify areas of polio transmission and promptly detect possible cases of importation in these states, polio surveillance must be very sensitive. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in the security-compromised states between 2009 and 2014, using the acute flaccid paralysis database at the World Health Organization Nigeria Country Office. We also reviewed the reports of surveillance activities conducted in these security-challenged states, to identify strategies that were implemented to improve polio surveillance. RESULTS Environmental surveillance was implemented in Borno in 2013 and in Yobe in 2014. All disease surveillance and notification officers in the 3 security-challenged states now receive annual training, and the number of community informants in these states has dramatically increased. Media-based messaging (via radio and television) is now used to sensitize the public to the importance of surveillance, and contact samples have been regularly collected in both states since 2014. CONCLUSIONS The strategies implemented in the security-challenged states improved the quality of polio surveillance during the review period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kehinde Craig
- World Health Organization, Country Representative Office
| | - Pascal Mkanda
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Richard Banda
- World Health Organization, Country Representative Office
| | | | | | - Nuhu Ningi
- World Health Organization, Country Representative Office
| | | | | | | | | | - Rui G Vaz
- World Health Organization, Country Representative Office
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582
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Jackson EF, Bawah AA, Williams JE, Phillips JF. Respondents' Exposure to Community-based Services and Reported Fertility-Regulation Behavior: A Decade of Data from the Navrongo Community Health and Family Planning Project. Stud Fam Plann 2016; 47:55-68. [PMID: 27027992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2016.00049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article examines a decade of demographic surveillance data from rural northern Ghana linked with prospective panel survey data recording respondents' reported fertility-regulation behavior. We assess the impact of access to community-based contraceptive services, reported fertility-regulation behavior, and their interaction on the risk of a conception that results in a birth. The effects of service exposure differ by marital status. Reported use of any method to delay or avoid pregnancy appears to be more effective in reducing the risk of conception among the unmarried in areas offering community-based contraceptive services, relative to those in areas where services are facility based. Among both married and unmarried survey respondents who state that they are not using contraception, the risk of conception is lower among women in areas with community-based services than among women in communities without these services. The lower risk of conception among women who are receiving community-based services and who report that they are regulating their fertility may be due to increased efficacy and duration of fertility regulation. Among women who report that they are not regulating their fertility, under-reporting of contraceptive use in experimental areas is likely to play a role in explaining these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Jackson
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, P&S Box 043, 60 Haven Avenue, B-2, New York, NY 10032.
| | - Ayaga A Bawah
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, P&S Box 043, 60 Haven Avenue, B-2, New York, NY 10032
| | - John E Williams
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, P&S Box 043, 60 Haven Avenue, B-2, New York, NY 10032
| | - James F Phillips
- Principal Medical Officer, Navrongo Health Research Center, Ghana
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583
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Banda PC, Odimegwu CO, Ntoimo LFC, Muchiri E. Women at risk: Gender inequality and maternal health. Women Health 2016; 57:405-429. [DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1170092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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584
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Houle B, Pantazis A, Kabudula C, Tollman S, Clark SJ. Social patterns and differentials in the fertility transition in the context of HIV/AIDS: evidence from population surveillance, rural South Africa, 1993 - 2013. Popul Health Metr 2016; 14:10. [PMID: 27019642 PMCID: PMC4807549 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-016-0079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature is limited on the effects of high prevalence HIV on fertility in the absence of treatment, and the effects of the introduction of sustained access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on fertility. We summarize fertility patterns in rural northeast South Africa over 21 years during dynamic social and epidemiological change. METHODS We use data for females aged 15-49 from the Agincourt health and socio-demographic surveillance system (1993-2013). We use discrete time event history analysis to summarize patterns in the probability of any birth. RESULTS Overall fertility declined in 2001-2003, increased in 2004-2011, and then declined in 2012-2013. South Africans showed a similar pattern. Mozambicans showed a different pattern, with strong declines prior to 2003 before stalling during 2004-2007, and then continued fertility decline afterwards. There was an inverse gradient between fertility levels and household socioeconomic status. The gradient did not vary by time or nationality. CONCLUSIONS The fertility transition in rural South Africa shows a pattern of decline until the height of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, with a resulting stall until further decline in the context of ART rollout. Fertility patterns are not homogenous among groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Houle
- School of Demography, The Australian National University, #9 Fellows Road, Acton, ACT Australia, Canberra, Australia ; Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA ; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Athena Pantazis
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Chodziwadziwa Kabudula
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana ; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana ; Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Samuel J Clark
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA ; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ; Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana
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585
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Abajobir AA, Maravilla JC, Alati R, Najman JM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between unintended pregnancy and perinatal depression. J Affect Disord 2016; 192:56-63. [PMID: 26707348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in exploring maternal mental health effects of unintended pregnancies carried to term. However, the evidence base from a small number of available studies is characterised by considerable variability, inconsistency and inconclusive findings. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available studies on unintended pregnancy as these are related to maternal depression. METHODS Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analysed studies reporting an association between unintended pregnancy and maternal depression from PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Google Scholar. We used a priori set criteria and included details of quality and magnitude of effect sizes. Sample sizes, adjusted odds ratios and standard errors were extracted. Random effects were used to calculate pooled estimates in Stata 13. Cochran's Q, I(2) and meta-bias statistics assessed heterogeneity and publication bias of included studies. RESULTS Meta-bias and funnel plot of inverse variance detected no publication bias. Overall prevalence of maternal depression in unintended pregnancy was 21%. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with maternal depression. Despite statistically significant heterogeneities of included studies, sub-group analyses revealed positive and significant associations by types of unintended pregnancies, timing of measurements with respect to pregnancy and childbirth, study designs and settings. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of perinatal depression is two-fold in women with unintended pregnancy. Perinatal care settings may screen pregnancy intention and depression of women backed by integrating family planning and mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosa Alati
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia; Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Jackob Moses Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
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586
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Minh An DT, Lee JK, Van Minh H, Trang NTH, Thu Huong NT, Nam YS, Van Dung D. Timely immunization completion among children in Vietnam from 2000 to 2011: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors. Glob Health Action 2016; 9:29189. [PMID: 26950555 PMCID: PMC4780107 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v9.29189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the beginning of 2014, there have been nearly 6,000 confirmed measles cases in northern Vietnam. Of these, more than 86% had neither been immunized nor was their vaccination status confirmed. Objective To establish the likelihood that children under five in Vietnam had ‘timely immunization completion’ (2000–2011) and identify factors that account for variations in timely immunization completion. Design Secondary data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), which sampled women aged 15–49 from the 1999 Vietnamese Population and Housing Census frame, were analyzed. Multilevel analysis using Poisson regression was undertaken. Results Proportions of children under five who had timely immunization completion were low, especially for HBV dose 2 and HBV dose 3, which decreased between 2000 and 2011. Among seven vaccines used in the National Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) in 2000, 2006, and 2011, measles dose 1 had the highest timely immunization completion at 65.3%, 66.7%, and 73.6%, respectively, and hepatitis B dose 1 had the lowest at 17.5%, 19.3%, and 45.5%, respectively. Timely immunization completion was less common among children whose mothers had relatively less household wealth, were from ethnic minorities, lived in rural areas, and had less education. At the community level, the child's region of residence was the main predictor of timely immunization completion, and the availability of hospital delivery and community prenatal care in the local community were also determinants. Conclusion The EPI should include ‘timely immunization completion’ as a quality indicator. There should also be greater focus and targeting in rural areas, and among women who have relatively low education, belong to minority groups, and have less household wealth. Further research on this topic using multilevel analysis is needed to better understand how these factors interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Thi Minh An
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam;
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- JW LEE Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hoang Van Minh
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Huong
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - You-Seon Nam
- JW LEE Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Van Dung
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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587
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Determinants of unmet need for family planning among women in Urban Cameroon: a cross sectional survey in the Biyem-Assi Health District, Yaoundé. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2016; 16:4. [PMID: 26791410 PMCID: PMC4721192 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-016-0283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background With the unacceptably high level of unmet need for family planning in Sub-Saharan Africa, reducing unmet need is paramount in the fight against the high levels of induced abortions, maternal and neonatal morbi-mortality. A clear understanding of the determinants of unmet need for family planning is indispensable in this light. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of unmet need for family planning in Urban Cameroon while identifying major determinants of unmet need among women in a union in Urban Cameroon. Methods A community based cross sectional study was conducted from March 2015 to April 2015 during which 370 women in a union were recruited using cluster multistep sampling in the Biyem-Assi Health District, Yaounde. Data were collected using a pretested and validated questionnaire. Proportions and their 95 % confidence intervals were calculated with the Westoff/DHS method used to estimate unmet need for family planning and the odds ratio used as measure of association with statistical significant threshold set at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results Of the 370 eligible women included, the mean age was 29.9 ± 6.8 years, and 61.1 % were married. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 20.4 (16.4-24.8)% with 14.2 (11.2-18.7)% having an unmet need for spacing and 6.2 (3.6-8.7)% an unmet need for limiting. Husband’s approval of contraception had a statistically significant protective association with unmet need (AOR = 0.52 [0.30-0.92], p = 0.023), and discussion about family planning within the couple had a highly statistically significant protective association with unmet need (AOR = 0.39 [0.21-0.69], p = 0.001). The major reason for non-use of contraception among women with unmet need was the fear of side effects. Conclusion The prevalence of unmet need of family planning among women in the Biyem-Assi Health District remains high. Husband’s approval of contraception and couples’ discussion about family planning are two major factors to be considered when planning interventions to reduce unmet need for family planning. Family planning activities focused on couples or including men could be useful in reducing the rate of unmet need in Cameroon.
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588
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Ayanore MA, Pavlova M, Groot W. Unmet reproductive health needs among women in some West African countries: a systematic review of outcome measures and determinants. Reprod Health 2016; 13:5. [PMID: 26774502 PMCID: PMC4715869 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-015-0104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying relevant measures of women’s reproductive health needs is critical to improve women’s chances of service utilization. The study aims to systematically review and analyze the adequacy of outcome measures and determinants applied in previous studies for assessing women reproductive health needs across West Africa. Methods Evidence on outcomes and determinants of unmet reproductive health needs among women of childbearing age in diverse multicultural, religious, and ethnic settings in West African countries was systematically reviewed. The review included recent English language publications (from January 2009 - March 2014). Clinical studies particularly on obstetric care services and reproductive services in relation to HIV/AIDS were excluded. We acknowledge the possibility to have excluded non-English publications and yet-to-be-published articles related to the study aim and objectives. Outcomes and determinants were assessed and defined at three main levels; contraceptive use, obstetric care, and antenatal care utilization. Results Results show increasing unmet need for women’s reproductive health needs. Socio-cultural norms and practices resulting in discontinuation of service use, economic constraints, travel distance to access services and low education levels of women were found to be key predictors of service utilization for contraception, antenatal and obstetric care services. Outcome measures were mainly assessed based on service utilization, satisfaction, cost, and quality of services available as core measures across the three levels assessed in this review. Conclusions Evidence from this review indicates that currently applied measures of women’s reproductive health needs might be inadequate in attaining best maternal outcomes since they appear rather broad. More support and research for developing and advancing context-related measures may help to improve women’s maternal health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12978-015-0104-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Milena Pavlova
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim Groot
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Top Institute Evidence-Based Education Research (TIER), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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589
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Sano Y, Sedziafa AP, Amoyaw JA, Boateng GO, Kuuire VZ, Boamah S, Kwon E. Exploring the linkage between exposure to mass media and HIV testing among married women and men in Ghana. AIDS Care 2016; 28:684-8. [PMID: 26753839 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1131970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although HIV testing is critical to the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS, utilization rate of HIV testing services among married women and men remains low in Ghana. Mass media, as a tool to increase overall HIV testing turnouts, has been considered one of the important strategies in promoting and enhancing behavioural changes related to HIV/AIDS prevention. Using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, the current study examines the relationship between levels of exposure to print media, radio, and television and the uptake of HIV testing among married women and men in Ghana. Results show that HIV testing is more prevalent among married women than their male counterparts. We also find that higher levels of exposure to radio is associated with HIV testing among women, while higher levels of exposure to print media and television are associated with HIV testing among men. Implications of these findings are discussed for Ghana's HIV/AIDS strategic framework, which aims to expanding efforts at dealing with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Specifically, it is important for health educators and programme planners to deliver HIV-related messages through television, radio, and print media to increase the uptake of HIV testing particularly among married women and men in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Sano
- a Department of Sociology , University of Western Ontario , Room 5306, Social Science Centre, London , ON , Canada
| | - Alice P Sedziafa
- b Department of Gender Studies , Memorial University of Newfoundland , Science Building 4082, St. John's , NL , Canada
| | - Jonathan A Amoyaw
- a Department of Sociology , University of Western Ontario , Room 5306, Social Science Centre, London , ON , Canada
| | - Godfred O Boateng
- a Department of Sociology , University of Western Ontario , Room 5306, Social Science Centre, London , ON , Canada
| | - Vincent Z Kuuire
- c Department of Geography , University of Western Ontario , Room 1424, Social Science Centre, London , ON , Canada
| | - Sheila Boamah
- d Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Health Sciences Addition , University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Eugena Kwon
- a Department of Sociology , University of Western Ontario , Room 5306, Social Science Centre, London , ON , Canada
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590
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Ngome E. Demographic, Socio-Economic and Psychosocial Determinants of Current and Consistent Condom Use among Adolescents in Botswana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/wja.2016.64017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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591
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Andro A, Lesclingand M. Les mutilations génitales féminines. État des lieux et des connaissances. POPULATION 2016. [DOI: 10.3917/popu.1602.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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592
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MacDonald AL. IPUMS International: A review and future prospects of a unique global statistical cooperation programme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 32:715-727. [PMID: 28835781 DOI: 10.3233/sji-161022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
At the invitation of the University of Minnesota Population Center (MPC) the author carried out an assessment of the IPUMS International integrated census microdata programme during January - March 2016. The terms of reference included the assessment of the measures taken by the MPC to safe guard the security of the microdata, the quality and adequacy of services provided, characteristics of users and satisfaction with IPUMS, use of available microdata, support to participating developing country National Statistical Offices (NSOs) and adequacy of a proposed Remote Data Center (RDC). The conclusions of the review are that IPUMS International is a unique, flexible, successful and secure programme for managing access to anonymized, harmonised and integrated microdata to academic users and policy makers. While currently the user base is predominantly in developed countries, steps are being taken to expand usage by researchers world-wide. The physical, methodological and technical arrangements for safeguarding the security and confidentiality of the data files are excellent; the possibilities of breaches are minimal. Data users have very positive opinions of the quality of the data, scope of services and expertise of staff but desire more detailed, up-to-date microdata. NSOs rate IPUMS International and its services positively but request advanced methodological training for staff and regular information on the use of their country's data. IPUMS International planned activities are presented and their contributions to census methodology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphonse L MacDonald
- Independ consultant; Former Senior United Nations Official, United Nations, New York, USA and Geneva, Switzerland
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593
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Kibira SPS, Makumbi F, Daniel M, Atuyambe LM, Sandøy IF. Sexual Risk Behaviours and Willingness to Be Circumcised among Uncircumcised Adult Men in Uganda. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144843. [PMID: 26658740 PMCID: PMC4678174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been substantial demand for safe male circumcision (SMC) in Uganda in the early programme scale-up phase. Research indicates that early adopters of new interventions often differ from later adopters in relation to a range of behaviours. However, there is limited knowledge about the risk profile of men who were willing to be circumcised at the time of launching the SMC programme, i.e., potential early adopters, compared to those who were reluctant. The aim of this study was to address this gap to provide indications on whether it is likely that potential early adopters of male circumcision were more in need of this new prevention measure than others. Methods Data were from the 2011 Uganda AIDS Indictor Survey (UAIS), with a nationally representative sample of men 15 to 59 years. The analysis was based on generalized linear models, obtaining prevalence risk ratios (PRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) as measures of association between willingness to be circumcised and multiple sexual partners, transactional sex, non-marital sex and non-use of condoms at last non-marital sex. Results Of the 5,776 men in the survey, 44% expressed willingness to be circumcised. Willingness to be circumcised was higher among the younger, urban and educated men. In the unadjusted analyses, all the sexual risk behaviours were associated with willingness to be circumcised, while in the adjusted analysis, non-marital sex (Adj PRR 1.27; CI: 1.16–1.40) and non-use of condoms at last such sex (Adj PRR 1.18; CI: 1.07–1.29) were associated with higher willingness to be circumcised. Conclusion Willingness to be circumcised was relatively high at the launch of the SMC programme and was more common among uncircumcised men reporting sexual risk behaviours. This indicates that the early adopters of SMC were likely to be in particular need of such additional HIV protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. S. Kibira
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail:
| | - Fredrick Makumbi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Marguerite Daniel
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lynn Muhimbuura Atuyambe
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ingvild Fossgard Sandøy
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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594
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Dutta M, Shekhar C, Prashad L. Level, Trend and Correlates of Mistimed and Unwanted Pregnancies among Currently Pregnant Ever Married Women in India. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144400. [PMID: 26629813 PMCID: PMC4668093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintended pregnancy accounts for more than 40% of the total pregnancies worldwide. An Unintended pregnancy can have serious implications on women and their families. With more than one-fourth of the children in India born out of unintended pregnancies such pregnancies are considered to be one of the major public health concerns today. The present study is aimed at determining major predictors of unintended pregnancy among currently pregnant ever-married women in India. The present study has used National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data, conducted by the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, to show the trend, pattern and determinants of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies. Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression model have been used with the help of Stata 13 software. The results show that the likelihood of a mistimed pregnancy is more prevalent among young women whereas the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy is observed more among the women aged 35 years or more. The results also show that the risk of experiencing mistimed pregnancy decreases if the woman belongs to 'other' castes and has higher education. The likelihood of unwanted pregnancy decreases among married women aged 18 years and above, those women having higher education, some autonomy and access to any mode of mass communication. Knowledge of these predictors of mistimed and unwanted pregnancy will be helpful in identifying the most vulnerable group and prioritize the intervention strategies of the reproductive health programmes for the population in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mili Dutta
- Department of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Chander Shekhar
- Department of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Lokender Prashad
- School of Social Sciences, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
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595
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Akinyemi A, Adedini S, Hounton S, Akinlo A, Adedeji O, Adonri O, Friedman H, Shiferaw S, Maïga A, Amouzou A, Barros AJD. Contraceptive use and distribution of high-risk births in Nigeria: a sub-national analysis. Glob Health Action 2015; 8:29745. [PMID: 26562145 PMCID: PMC4642363 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.29745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Family planning expansion has been identified as an impetus to harnessing Nigeria's demographic dividend. However, there is a need for data to address pockets of inequality and to better understand cultural and social factors affecting contraceptive use and health benefits. This paper contributes to addressing these needs by providing evidence on the trends and sub-national patterns of modern contraceptive prevalence in Nigeria and the association between contraceptive use and high-risk births in Nigeria. Design The study utilised women's data from the last three Demographic and Health Surveys (2003, 2008, and 2013) in Nigeria. The analysis involved descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The multivariate analyses were performed to examine the relationship between high-risk births and contraceptive use. Associations were examined using Poisson regression. Results Findings showed that respondents in avoidable high-risk birth categories were less likely to use contraceptives compared to those at no risk [rate ratio 0.82, confidence interval: 0.76–0.89, p<0.001]. Education and wealth index consistently predicted significant differences in contraceptive use across the models. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that women in the high-risk birth categories were significantly less likely to use a modern method of contraception relative to those categorised as having no risk. However, there are huge sub-national variations at regional and state levels in contraceptive prevalence and subsequent high-risk births. These results further strengthen evidence-based justification for increased investments in family planning programmes at the state and regional levels, particularly regions and states with high unmet needs for family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanni Akinyemi
- Demography and Social Statistics Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria;
| | - Sunday Adedini
- Demography and Social Statistics Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.,Demography and Population Studies Programme, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Ambrose Akinlo
- Demography and Social Statistics Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.,School of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Northwest University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Solomon Shiferaw
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abdoulaye Maïga
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, Ouagadougou University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Aluisio J D Barros
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Brazil
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596
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Amurwon J, Hajdu F, Seeley J. The relevance of timing of illness and death events in the household life cycle for coping outcomes in rural Uganda in the era of HIV. Int J Equity Health 2015; 14:105. [PMID: 26507509 PMCID: PMC4624647 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-015-0253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Predicting the household’s ability to cope with adult illness and death can be complicated in low-income countries with high HIV prevalence and multiple other stressors and shocks. This study explored the link between stage of the household in the life cycle and the household’s capacity to cope with illness and death of adults in rural Uganda. Methods Interviews focusing on life histories were combined with observations during monthly visits to 22 households throughout 2009, and recorded livelihood activities and responses to illness and death events. For the analysis, households were categorised into three life cycle stages (‘Young’, ‘Middle-aged’ and ‘Old’) and the ability to cope and adapt to recorded events of prolonged illness or death was assessed. Results In 16 of the 26 recorded events, a coping or struggling outcome was found to be related to household life cycle stage. ‘Young’ households usually had many dependants too young to contribute significantly to livelihoods, so were vulnerable to illness or death of the household head specifically. ‘Middle-aged’ households had adult children who participated in activities that contributed to livelihoods at home or sent remittances. More household members meant livelihood diversification, so these households usually coped best. Worst off were ‘Old’ households, where members were unable to work hard and often supported young grandchildren, while their adult children had stopped sending remittances as they had established households of their own. Conclusions While households may adopt diverse coping mechanisms, the stage in the household life cycle when stressful events occur is important for coping outcomes. Households of the elderly and households with many young dependents are clearly vulnerable. These results demonstrate that household life cycle analysis can be useful in assessing ability to respond to stressors and shocks, including AIDS-related illness and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovita Amurwon
- Department of Urban and Rural Developmen, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7012, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Box 7804, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Research Unit on AIDS, Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Flora Hajdu
- Department of Urban and Rural Developmen, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7012, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janet Seeley
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Research Unit on AIDS, Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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597
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McCaa R, Cleveland L, Kelly-Hall P, Ruggles S, Sobek M. Statistical coherence of primary schooling in IPUMS-International integrated population samples for China, India, Vietnam, and ten other Asia-Pacific countries. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2015; 1:333-355. [PMID: 26478685 DOI: 10.1177/2057150x15593710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
IPUMS-International www.ipums.org/international disseminates harmonized census microdata for more than 80 countries at no cost, although access is restricted to bona-fide researchers and students who agree to the stringent conditions of use license. Currently over 270 samples are available, totalling more than 600 million person records. Each year 15-20 additional samples are released, as more countries cooperate with the IPUMS initiative and the integration of 2010 round census samples is completed. With so much microdata so readily available, questions of data quality naturally arise. This paper focusses on the concept of statistical coherence over time for a single concept, primary schooling completed. From an analysis of the percentage completing primary schooling by birth year for pairs of samples for thirteen Asia-Pacific countries, we find outstanding coherence for four-China, Mongolia, Vietnam, and Indonesia-with mean differences of less than 0.5 percentage points, regression coefficient (b) ranging from 0.93 to 1.07 and R2 =.99. For the thirteen countries as a group there is considerable variation overall with mean absolute difference as high as 16 percentage points, b ranging from 0.62-1.44 and R2=.65-.99. As a whole, statistical coherence of primary schooling is outstanding. Nonetheless, to make expert use of the harmonized microdata, researchers are cautioned to carefully study the IPUMS integrated metadata as well as the original source documentation. National Statistical Offices not currently cooperating or that have not yet entrusted 2010 round census microdata are invited to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert McCaa
- Minnesota Population Center, Minneapolis, MN USA
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598
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Hughes GD, Aboyade OM, Beauclair R, Mbamalu ON, Puoane TR. Characterizing Herbal Medicine Use for Noncommunicable Diseases in Urban South Africa. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:736074. [PMID: 26557865 PMCID: PMC4629029 DOI: 10.1155/2015/736074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Economic challenges associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and the sociocultural outlook of many patients especially in Africa have increased dependence on traditional herbal medicines (THMs) for these diseases. A cross-sectional descriptive study designed to determine the prevalence of and reasons for THM use in the management of NCDs among South African adults was conducted in an urban, economically disadvantaged area of Cape Town, South Africa. In a cohort of 1030 participants recruited as part of the existing Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study, 456 individuals were identified. The overall prevalence of THM use was 27%, of which 61% was for NCDs. Participants used THM because of a family history (49%) and sociocultural beliefs (33%). Hypertensive medication was most commonly used concurrently with THM. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of the potential dualistic use of THM and conventional drugs by patients, as this could significantly influence health outcomes. Efforts should be made to educate patients on the potential for drug/herb interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail D. Hughes
- South African Herbal Science and Medicine Institute (SAHSMI), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Oluwaseyi M. Aboyade
- South African Herbal Science and Medicine Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Roxanne Beauclair
- The South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 UZP114, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Oluchi N. Mbamalu
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Thandi R. Puoane
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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599
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Understanding the vulnerability of older adults: extent of and breaches in support systems in Uganda. AGEING & SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x15001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTOlder adults’ vulnerability and resilience are a result of processes constructed throughout the lifecycle. In Uganda, older people almost always rely exclusively on their social networks for care and economic support when in need. These support systems are mainly family based, and play a role of safety net for their older members. However, localised in-depth studies have pointed out the limitations of family-based support systems, especially in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper uses 83 in-depth interviews conducted in various settings across Uganda with older people and their family members on the subject of their support systems. Over and above the lack of immediate/personal resources characterising most older people, our results highlight the importance of the extent of support systems and resource diversity. Most of the people in our case studies had lost descendants due to the civil war, the HIV/AIDS epidemic, or simply family break-ups, events which often create large breaches and gaps in support systems. Few older people can be resilient in this situation, primarily because there are often not enough resources available in their support networks to cover the needs of all, especially education for the young and health-care access for the old.
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600
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Behrman JA. Does Schooling Affect Women's Desired Fertility? Evidence From Malawi, Uganda, and Ethiopia. Demography 2015; 52:787-809. [PMID: 25951799 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-015-0392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Demographic scholarship suggests that schooling plays an important role in transforming fertility preferences in the early stages of fertility decline. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between schooling and fertility preferences that addresses the endogeneity of schooling. I use the implementation of Universal Primary Education (UPE) policies in Malawi, Uganda, and Ethiopia in the mid-1990s to conduct a fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis of the effect of schooling on women's desired fertility. Findings indicate that increased schooling reduced women's ideal family size and very high desired fertility across all three countries. Additional analyses of potential pathways through which schooling could have affected desired fertility suggest some pathways--such as increasing partner's education--were common across contexts, whereas other pathways were country-specific. This analysis contributes to demographic understandings of the factors influencing individual-level fertility behaviors and thus aggregate-level fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Andrea Behrman
- Department of Sociology, New York University, 295 Lafayette Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10012, USA,
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