651
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Guldi DM, Rahman GMA, Prato M, Jux N, Qin S, Ford W. Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes as Integrative Building Blocks for Solar-Energy Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2015-8. [PMID: 15724261 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Guldi
- Universität Erlangen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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652
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Bekyarova E, Hashimoto A, Yudasaka M, Hattori Y, Murata K, Kanoh H, Kasuya D, Iijima S, Kaneko K. Palladium Nanoclusters Deposited on Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:3711-4. [PMID: 16851413 DOI: 10.1021/jp044339+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a direct route for deposition of Pd nanoclusters on single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) in a one step reaction involving chemical reduction of metal ions in the presence of a polymer-stabilizer. The applied strategy provides small Pd nanoclusters with an average diameter of approximately 2.3 nm robustly attached to the nanotubular carbon. The attachment is mediated by the polymer (poly(vinylpyrrolidone), PVP) used to stabilize the nanoclusters.
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653
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654
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Bekyarova E, Ni Y, Malarkey EB, Montana V, McWilliams JL, Haddon RC, Parpura V. Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Biotechnology and Biomedicine. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2005; 1:3-17. [PMID: 19763242 PMCID: PMC2745127 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2005.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their electrical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes are one of the most promising materials for the electronics, computer and aerospace industries. Here, we discuss their properties in the context of future applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. The purification and chemical modification of carbon nanotubes with organic, polymeric and biological molecules are discussed. Additionally we review their uses in biosensors, assembly of structures and devices, scanning probe microscopy and as substrates for neuronal growth. We note that additional toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes are necessary so that exposure guidelines and safety regulations can be established in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bekyarova
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Departments of Chemisty and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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655
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Kong H, Luo P, Gao C, Yan D. Polyelectrolyte-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes: preparation, characterization and layer-by-layer self-assembly. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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656
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Chen S, Shen W, Wu G, Chen D, Jiang M. A new approach to the functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with both alkyl and carboxyl groups. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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657
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Lustig SR, Jagota A, Khripin C, Zheng M. Theory of Structure-Based Carbon Nanotube Separations by Ion-Exchange Chromatography of DNA/CNT Hybrids. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:2559-66. [PMID: 16851257 DOI: 10.1021/jp0452913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA wrap helically around individual single-walled carbon nanotubes to form DNA/CNT hybrids, which are both stable and dispersible in aqueous solution. Subjected to ion-exchange chromatography, a hybrid elutes at an ionic strength that depends on the electronic character and diameter of the core nanotube, thus providing a mechanism for separating nanotubes by chirality. We present a theoretical model for this separation process that explains all the salient features observed experimentally to date, and provides accurate predictions for critical elution salt concentration. The competition between adsorption on the stationary phase and counterion condensation in the mobile phase is characterized by estimating the difference in free energy between the two states of the hybrid. Parametric study of the DNA wrapping geometry, SWNT dielectric properties, hybrid length, and diameter indicate that the elution is most sensitive to the hybrid's effective charge density, primarily governed by the DNA helical pitch. The model correctly predicts hybrids with metallic nanotubes are weaker binding than hybrids with semiconducting nanotubes and larger diameter nanotubes are eluted at later times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Raymond Lustig
- DuPont, Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, Route 141, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0356, USA.
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658
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Xie H, Ortiz-Acevedo A, Zorbas V, Baughman RH, Draper RK, Musselman IH, Dalton AB, Dieckmann GR. Peptide cross-linking modulated stability and assembly of peptide-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b413262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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659
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660
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Xie SY, Wang W, Fernando KAS, Wang X, Lin Y, Sun YP. Solubilization of boron nitride nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:3670-2. [PMID: 16027906 DOI: 10.1039/b505330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A successful attempt in the functionalization and solubilization of boron nitride nanotubes is reported, and a functionalization mechanism based on interactions of amino functional groups with nanotube surface borons is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
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661
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Sakurai K, Uezu K, Numata M, Hasegawa T, Li C, Kaneko K, Shinkai S. β-1,3-Glucan polysaccharides as novel one-dimensional hosts for DNA/RNA, conjugated polymers and nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:4383-98. [PMID: 16136229 DOI: 10.1039/b506673p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Beta-1,3-glucan polysaccharides have triple-stranded helical structures whose sense and pitch are comparable to those of polynucleotides. We recently revealed that the beta-1,3-glucans could interact with certain polynucleotides to form triple-stranded and helical macromolecular complexes consisting of two polysaccharide-strands and one polynucleotide-strand. This unique property of the beta-1,3-glucans has made it possible to utilize these polysaccharides as potential carriers for various functional polynucleotides. In particular, cell-uptake efficiency of the resultant polysaccharide/polynucleotide complexes was remarkably enhanced when functional groups recognized in a biological system were introduced as pendent groups. The beta-1,3-glucans can also interact with various one-dimensional architectures, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, to produce unique nanocomposites, in which the single-walled carbon nanotubes are entrapped within the helical superstructure of beta-1,3-glucans. Various conductive polymers and gold nanoparticles are also entrapped within the helical superstructure in a similar manner. In addition, diacetylene monomers entrapped within the helical superstructure can be photo-polymerized to afford the corresponding poly(diacetylene)-nanofibers with a uniform diameter. These findings indicate that the beta-1,3-glucans are very attractive and useful materials not only in biotechnology but also in nanotechnology. These unique properties of the beta-1,3-glucans undoubtedly originate from their inherent, very strong helix-forming character which has never been observed for other polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemical Processes and Environments, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Hibikino, 1-1 Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
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662
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Gromov A, Dittmer S, Svensson J, Nerushev OA, Perez-García SA, Licea-Jiménez L, Rychwalski R, Campbell EEB. Covalent amino-functionalisation of single-wall carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b504282h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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663
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Bonduel D, Mainil M, Alexandre M, Monteverde F, Dubois P. Supported coordination polymerization: a unique way to potent polyolefin carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:781-3. [PMID: 15685336 DOI: 10.1039/b414164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous surface coating of long carbon nanotubes is achieved by in situ polymerization of ethylene as catalyzed directly from the nanotube surface-treated by a highly active metallocene-based complex and allows for the break-up of the native nanotube bundles leading, upon further melt blending with HDPE, to high-performance polyolefinic nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bonduel
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons-Hainaut, place du Parc 20, Mons, Belgium
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664
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Lu X, Chen Z, Schleyer PVR. Are Stone−Wales Defect Sites Always More Reactive Than Perfect Sites in the Sidewalls of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes? J Am Chem Soc 2004; 127:20-1. [PMID: 15631428 DOI: 10.1021/ja0447053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional computations show, in contrast to general assumptions, that the reactions at the 7-7 ring fusions of Stone-Wales defects in the sidewalls of armchair (5,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes are much less exothermic than reactions at perfect sites. In addition, the peripheral 5-6 and 6-7 ring fusions of the defect are much more reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface & Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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665
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Zhao C, Ji L, Liu H, Hu G, Zhang S, Yang M, Yang Z. Functionalized carbon nanotubes containing isocyanate groups. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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666
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Maeda Y, Kimura SI, Hirashima Y, Kanda M, Lian Y, Wakahara T, Akasaka T, Hasegawa T, Tokumoto H, Shimizu T, Kataura H, Miyauchi Y, Maruyama S, Kobayashi K, Nagase S. Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Bundles in Nonaqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0457242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuya Hirashima
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yongfu Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Wakahara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kataura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuhei Miyauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, National Laboratory of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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667
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Heller DA, Mayrhofer RM, Baik S, Grinkova YV, Usrey ML, Strano MS. Concomitant Length and Diameter Separation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:14567-73. [PMID: 15521777 DOI: 10.1021/ja046450z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gel electrophoresis and column chromatography conducted on individually dispersed, ultrasonicated single-walled carbon nanotubes yield simultaneous separation by tube length and diameter. Electroelution after electrophoresis is shown to produce highly resolved fractions of nanotubes with average lengths between 92 and 435 nm. Separation by diameter is concomitant with length fractionation, and nanotubes that have been cut shortest also possess the greatest relative enrichments of large-diameter species. Longer sonication time causes increased electrophoretic mobility in the gels; thus, ultrasonic processing determines the degree of both length and diameter separation of the nanotubes. The relative quantum yield decreases nonlinearly as the nanotube length becomes shorter. These techniques constitute a preparative, scalable method for separating nanotubes by two important attributes required for electronic and sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Heller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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668
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A reexamination of the chemisorption and desorption of ozone on the exterior of a (5,5) single-walled carbon nanotube. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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669
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670
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Yurekli K, Mitchell CA, Krishnamoorti R. Small-angle neutron scattering from surfactant-assisted aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:9902-3. [PMID: 15303847 DOI: 10.1021/ja047451u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of surfactant-assisted dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in water is studied by small-angle neutron scattering. The previously hypothesized formation of cylindrical micelles with the nanotubes forming the core of cylinders is inconsistent with the data presented. The scattering data favor a random structureless adsorption model for the dispersion of the nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Yurekli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA
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671
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Guldi DM, Rahman GMA, Jux N, Tagmatarchis N, Prato M. Integrating Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes into Donor-Acceptor Nanohybrids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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672
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Guldi DM, Rahman GMA, Jux N, Tagmatarchis N, Prato M. Integrating Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes into Donor-Acceptor Nanohybrids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:5526-30. [PMID: 15484237 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Guldi
- Universität Erlangen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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673
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Abstract
Using density functional theory, we have theoretically studied sidewall functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNT) with a nucleophilic organic carbene, dipyridyl imidazolidene (DPI). When compared to the dissociated system, formation of the adduct from defect-free (5,5) tube and the DPI is weakly exothermic. However, introduction of (5,7,7,5) defect or nitrogen doping at the CNT stabilizes the adduct in both physical and chemical senses, suggesting a possible way to enrich the chemistry of sidewall functionalization. The work function of the adducts is found to decrease by approximately 0.4 eV per DPI/80 atoms. Upon binding of the DPI, electronic structures are modified in such a way that small gaps are introduced, where the size of the gap depends upon the degree of functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seok Kang
- College of Natural Science, Jeonju University, Hyoja-dong, Wansan-ku, Chonju, Chonbuk 560-759, Republic of Korea
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674
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Furtado CA, Kim UJ, Gutierrez HR, Pan L, Dickey EC, Eklund PC. Debundling and dissolution of single-walled carbon nanotubes in amide solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:6095-105. [PMID: 15137775 DOI: 10.1021/ja039588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wet chemical methods involving ultrasound and amide solvents were used to purify and separate large bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) into individual nanotubes that could then be transported to silicon or mica substrates. The SWNTs studied were produced by the arc-discharge process. Dry oxidation was used in an initial step to remove amorphous carbon. Subsequently, two acid purification schemes were investigated (HCl- and HNO(3)-reflux) to remove the metal growth catalyst (Ni-Y). Finally, ultrasonic dispersion of isolated tubes into either N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was carried out. Raman scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electron microscopy were used to study the evolution of the products. Raman scattering was used to probe possible wall damage during the chemical processing. We found that both HCl and HNO(3) could be used to successfully remove the Ni-Y below approximately 1 wt %. However, the HNO(3)-reflux produced significant wall damage (that could be reversed by vacuum annealing at 1000 degrees C). In the dispersion step, both amide solvents (DMF and NMP) produced a high degree of isolated tubes in the final product, and no damage during this dispersion step was observed. HNO(3)-refluxed tubes were found to disperse the best into the amide solvents, perhaps because of significant wall functionalization. AFM was used to study the filament diameter and length distributions in the final product, and interesting differences in these distributions were observed, depending on the chemical processing route.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Furtado
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear - CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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675
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Kong H, Li W, Gao C, Yan D, Jin Y, Walton DRM, Kroto HW. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Coated Carbon Nanotubes: Temperature-Sensitive Molecular Nanohybrids in Water. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048682o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Wenwen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Chao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Deyue Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Yizheng Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - David R. M. Walton
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Harold W. Kroto
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
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676
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Fernando KAS, Lin Y, Wang W, Kumar S, Zhou B, Xie SY, Cureton LT, Sun YP. Diminished Band-Gap Transitions of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Complexation with Aromatic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:10234-5. [PMID: 15315422 DOI: 10.1021/ja047691+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The near-IR absorption spectrum of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes is characterized by the transitions associated with the first (S11) and second (S22) pairs of van Hove singularities in the electronic density of states. We report that a significant effect on the transitions can be caused by non-covalent complexation of the nanotube with planar aromatic molecules such as pyrenes in solution, resulting in the absence of S11 and S22 bands in the near-IR absorption spectrum. Since the complexation is reversible, the characteristic absorption bands can be turned on and off with the complexation in a reversible fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Shiral Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
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677
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Kar T, Akdim B, Duan X, Pachter R. A theoretical study of functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes: ONIOM calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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678
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Zhang YF, Liu ZF. Oxidation of Zigzag Carbon Nanotubes by Singlet O2: Dependence on the Tube Diameter and the Electronic Structure. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049088j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry andCentre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry andCentre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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679
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Bettinger HF. Effects of finite carbon nanotube length on sidewall addition of fluorine atom and methylene. Org Lett 2004; 6:731-4. [PMID: 14986961 DOI: 10.1021/ol0363974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional computations (PBE and B3LYP) in conjunction with 3-21G and 6-31G basis sets are used to determine the energy of fluorine atom and CH(2) addition to the sidewall of (5,5) C(30+10)(n)()H(20) (n = 0, 1, 2.18) carbon nanotube slabs. A pronounced oscillation of the addition energy is found for fluorine atom addition, while oscillations are significantly damped for carbene addition due to the insertion into CC bonds. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger F Bettinger
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie 2, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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680
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Paredes JI, Burghard M. Dispersions of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes of high length. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:5149-52. [PMID: 15984283 DOI: 10.1021/la049831z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In summary, we have presented a suitable approach to obtain surfactant-stabilized suspensions of long, individually dispersed SWCNTs essentially free of bundles. The combination of mild tip and bath ultrasonication has proven effective in unbundling the SWCNT ropes and, at the same time, in minimizing tube shortening. This method is expected to be useful for applications that critically depend on the availability of bulk dispersions of long, individual tubes with minimized defect densities, such as for nanotube-based electronics and composite materials. Furthermore, the observed purification-induced changes in the electronic structure of HiPco SWCNTs indicate that care has to be taken when comparing their properties with those of the as-produced material.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Paredes
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Festkoerperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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681
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Fernando KAS, Lin Y, Sun YP. High aqueous solubility of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:4777-8. [PMID: 15969198 DOI: 10.1021/la036217z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Shiral Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, USA
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682
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Kong H, Gao C, Yan D. Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Defunctionalization of the Products. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049694c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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683
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Furtado CA, Kim UJ, Gutierrez HR, Pan L, Dickey EC, Eklund PC. Debundling and Dissolution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Amide Solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ja039588a%0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Furtado
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - U. J. Kim
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - H. R. Gutierrez
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ling Pan
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - E. C. Dickey
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Peter C. Eklund
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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684
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Niyogi
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
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685
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Nunzi F, Mercuri F, De Angelis F, Sgamellotti A, Re N, Giannozzi P. Coordination and Haptotropic Rearrangement of Cr(CO)3 on (n,0) Nanotube Sidewalls: A Dynamical Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037705i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nunzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università G. D'Annunzio, I-66100 Chieti, Italy, and NEST-INFM, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Mercuri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università G. D'Annunzio, I-66100 Chieti, Italy, and NEST-INFM, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università G. D'Annunzio, I-66100 Chieti, Italy, and NEST-INFM, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Sgamellotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università G. D'Annunzio, I-66100 Chieti, Italy, and NEST-INFM, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Re
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università G. D'Annunzio, I-66100 Chieti, Italy, and NEST-INFM, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Giannozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università G. D'Annunzio, I-66100 Chieti, Italy, and NEST-INFM, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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686
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Fu K, Li H, Zhou B, Kitaygorodskiy A, Allard LF, Sun YP. Deuterium Attachment to Carbon Nanotubes in Deuterated Water. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:4669-75. [PMID: 15070384 DOI: 10.1021/ja030312c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A systematic investigation on the unusual attachment of labile deuterium to carbon nanotubes in deuterated water and alcohols is reported. The carbon nanotubes were solubilized through the established functionalization of the nanotube-bound carboxylic acids to allow solution-phase reaction and characterization. The deuterium attachment was found under several experimental conditions, including the use of deuterated ethanol as a co-reactant in the nanotube functionalization reaction and the refluxing of functionalized or simply purified carbon nanotubes in deuterated water and alcohols. The solubility of the functionalized carbon nanotube samples in common organic solvents and water allowed unambiguous (2)H NMR characterization. The reproducible broad (2)H NMR signal at approximately 6.5 ppm is assigned to carbon nanotube-attached deuterium species. The assignment is supported by the results from FT-IR measurements. The carbon-deuterium interaction is so strong that the corresponding vibration resembles the typical C-D stretching mode in the characteristic frequency region. The FT-IR peak intensities also correlate well with the (2)H NMR signal integrations in a series of samples. Mechanistic implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefu Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, USA
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687
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Ghodbane O, Chamoulaud G, Bélanger D. Chemical reactivity of 4-bromophenyl modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochem commun 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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688
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Artyukhin AB, Bakajin O, Stroeve P, Noy A. Layer-by-Layer electrostatic self-assembly of polyelectrolyte nanoshells on individual carbon nanotube templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:1442-1448. [PMID: 15803732 DOI: 10.1021/la035699b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have been featured prominently in the nanotechnology research for some time, yet robust strategies for noncovalent chemical modification of the nanotube surface are still missing. Such strategies are essential for the creation of functional device architectures. Here, we present a new general procedure for carbon nanotube modification based on polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer assembly. We have built multilayer structures around individual carbon nanotube bridges by first modifying the nanotube surface with a pyrene derivative followed by layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolyte macroions on the nanotube. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy images confirm the formation of nanometer-thick amorphous polymer nanoshells around the nanotubes. These multilayer polyelectrolyte shells on individual carbon nanotubes introduce nearly unlimited opportunities for the incorporation of various functionalities into nanotube devices, which, in turn, opens up the possibility of building more complex multicomponent structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Artyukhin
- Biosecurity and Nanosciences Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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689
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Sato Y, Jeyadevan B, Hatakeyama R, Kasuya A, Tohji K. Electronic properties of radial single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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690
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Smith J, Connell J, Delozier D, Lillehei P, Watson K, Lin Y, Zhou B, Sun YP. Space durable polymer/carbon nanotube films for electrostatic charge mitigation. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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691
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Banerjee S, Wong SS. Selective Metallic Tube Reactivity in the Solution-Phase Osmylation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:2073-81. [PMID: 14971942 DOI: 10.1021/ja038111w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes have been reacted with osmium tetroxide (OsO(4)) in solution in the presence of O(2) and UV irradiation at 254 nm. We observe one main structural motif, namely thickly coated nanotube structures, densely covered with OsO(2), consisting of multiple bundles of derivatized tubes. In a few instances, bridging uncoated tubes, connecting these thickly coated structures, incorporate a number of smaller nanotube bundles, projecting out from the larger functionalized aggregates of tubes. It is believed that OsO(2) (a) initially forms on the nanotubes by the preferential covalent sidewall functionalization of metallic nanotubes and (b) subsequently self-aggregates. The formation of an intermediate charge-transfer complex is likely the basis for the observed selectivity and reactivity of metallic tubes. Extensive characterization of these osmylated adducts has been performed using a variety of electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
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692
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Qin S, Qin D, Ford WT, Resasco DE, Herrera JE. Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene via Grafting to and Grafting from Methods. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035214q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, and the School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Dongqi Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, and the School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Warren T. Ford
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, and the School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Daniel E. Resasco
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, and the School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Jose E. Herrera
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, and the School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
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693
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Huang HM, Liu IC, Chang CY, Tsai HC, Hsu CH, Tsiang RCC. Preparing a polystyrene-functionalized multiple-walled carbon nanotubes via covalently linking acyl chloride functionalities with living polystyryllithium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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694
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Baek JB, Lyons CB, Tan LS. Covalent modification of vapour-grown carbon nanofibers via direct Friedel–Crafts acylation in polyphosphoric acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b401401d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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695
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Guldi DM, Rahman GNA, Ramey J, Marcaccio M, Paolucci D, Paolucci F, Qin S, Ford WT, Balbinot D, Jux N, Tagmatarchis N, Prato M. Donor–acceptor nanoensembles of soluble carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:2034-5. [PMID: 15367961 DOI: 10.1039/b406933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor nanoensembles, prepared via electrostatic interactions of single wall carbon nanotubes and porphyrin salts, give rise to photoinduced intra-complex charge separation that lasts tens of microseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Guldi
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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696
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Zheng M, Jagota A, Strano MS, Santos AP, Barone P, Chou SG, Diner BA, Dresselhaus MS, McLean RS, Onoa GB, Samsonidze GG, Semke ED, Usrey M, Walls DJ. Structure-based carbon nanotube sorting by sequence-dependent DNA assembly. Science 2003; 302:1545-8. [PMID: 14645843 DOI: 10.1126/science.1091911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Wrapping of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was found to be sequence-dependent. A systematic search of the ssDNA library selected a sequence d(GT)n, n = 10 to 45 that self-assembles into a helical structure around individual nanotubes in such a way that the electrostatics of the DNA-CNT hybrid depends on tube diameter and electronic properties, enabling nanotube separation by anion exchange chromatography. Optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy show that early fractions are enriched in the smaller diameter and metallic tubes, whereas late fractions are enriched in the larger diameter and semiconducting tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- DuPont Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA.
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697
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Qin S, Qin D, Ford WT, Resasco DE, Herrera JE. Polymer Brushes on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of n-Butyl Methacrylate. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 126:170-6. [PMID: 14709081 DOI: 10.1021/ja037937v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymer brushes with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) as backbones were synthesized by grafting n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA) from the ends and sidewalls of SWNT via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Carboxylic acid groups on SWNT were formed by nitric acid oxidation. The ATRP initiators were covalently attached to the SWNT by esterification of 2-hydroxyethyl 2'-bromopropionate with carboxylic acid groups. Methyl 2-bromopropionate (MBP) was added as free initiator during the brush preparation to control growth of the brushes and to monitor the polymerization kinetics. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) results show that the molecular weight of free poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) increased linearly with nBMA monomer conversion. PnBMA cleaved from the SWNT after high conversion had the same molecular weight as PnBMA produced in solution. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) show that the amount of PnBMA grown from the SWNT increased linearly with the molecular weight of the free PnBMA. The most highly PnBMA-functionalized SWNT dissolve in 1,2-dichlorobenzene, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran, and solubility increases with the amount of PnBMA bound to SWNT. Near-infrared and Raman spectra indicate that the side walls of the SWNT were lightly functionalized by the nitric acid treatment and that the degree of functionalization of the SWNT did not change significantly during the formation of initiator or during the polymerization. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show contour lengths of the SWNT brushes on a mica surface from 200 nm to 2.0 microm and an average height of the backbone of 2-3 nm, indicating that the bundles of original SWNT were broken into individual tubes by functionalization and polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
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698
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Bettinger HF. Experimental and Computational Investigations of the Properties of Fluorinated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Chemphyschem 2003; 4:1283-9. [PMID: 14714375 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200300854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fluorination of single-walled carbon nanotubes by reaction with elemental fluorine at elevated temperatures provides fluorinated single-walled carbon nanotubes (F-SWNT), which have the highest degree of functionalization (up to F/C = 1/2) of any derivatized carbon-nanotube material reported to date. Also, F-SWNTs have received more scrutiny than any other functionalized carbon nanotubes. This Minireview covers experimental and computational investigations of F-SWNTs with a focus on the nature and the strength of the C-F linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger F Bettinger
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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699
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Peng H, Alemany LB, Margrave JL, Khabashesku VN. Sidewall Carboxylic Acid Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:15174-82. [PMID: 14653752 DOI: 10.1021/ja037746s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with succinic or glutaric acid acyl peroxides in o-dichlorobenzene at 80-90 degrees C resulted in the addition of 2-carboxyethyl or 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively, to the sidewalls of the SWNT. These acid-functionalized SWNTs were converted to acid chlorides by derivatization with SOCl(2) and then to amides with terminal diamines such as ethylenediamine, 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine), and diethyltoluenediamine. The acid-functionalized SWNTs and the amide derivatives were characterized by a set of materials characterization methods including attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR, Raman and solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal gravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS). The degree of SWNT sidewall functionalization with the acid-terminated groups was estimated as 1 in 24 carbons on the basis of TG-MS data. In comparison with the pristine SWNTs, the acid-functionalized SWNTs show an improved solubility in polar solvents, for example, alcohols and water, which enables their processing for incorporation into polymer composite structures as well as for a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
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Zhou B, Lin Y, Li H, Huang W, Connell JW, Allard LF, Sun YP. Absorptivity of Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0307248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, and High-Temperature Materials Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6062
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, and High-Temperature Materials Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6062
| | - Huaping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, and High-Temperature Materials Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6062
| | - Weijie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, and High-Temperature Materials Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6062
| | - John W. Connell
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, and High-Temperature Materials Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6062
| | - Lawrence F. Allard
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, and High-Temperature Materials Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6062
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, and High-Temperature Materials Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6062
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