651
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Intracellular uptake and behavior of two types zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) micelles, SMA-ZnPP and PEG-ZnPP as anticancer agents; unique intracellular disintegration of SMA micelles. J Control Release 2011; 155:367-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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652
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Duncan
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab., Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Autopista del Saler 16 E-46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rogerio Gaspar
- Nanomedicine & Drug Delivery Systems Group, iMed, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Lisbon, Av. Prof Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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653
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Diagnostic applications of Raman spectroscopy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 8:545-58. [PMID: 22024196 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in various fields of science. It has been successfully utilized to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the molecular compositions of solid, liquid, and gaseous samples. This review focuses on the diagnostic applications of Raman spectroscopy in the past 5 years, with specific emphasis on transplant allograft rejection and cancer detections. First we introduce the principle of Raman spectroscopy and associated surface enhancement techniques. Various recent biomedical and clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy are then reviewed in detail. Finally, we present the experimental and analytical techniques required to implement Raman spectroscopy in a laboratory. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This review focuses on evolving diagnostic applications of Raman spectroscopy with special emphasis on transplant allograft rejection and cancer detection.
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654
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Fonge H, Huang H, Scollard D, Reilly RM, Allen C. Influence of formulation variables on the biodistribution of multifunctional block copolymer micelles. J Control Release 2011; 157:366-74. [PMID: 21982897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The physico-chemical characteristics and composition of block copolymer micelles (BCMs) may influence the pharmacokinetics and consequently, the desired delivery characteristics. In this study the influence of formulation variables such as size, density of targeting ligand [i.e. epidermal growth factor (hEGF)] and the bifunctional chelator (BFC) used for labelling the BCMs with (111)In, on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in mice were evaluated. BCMs were prepared from Me-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y) (x=2.5 k, y=1.2 k for 15 nm BCMs and x=5 k, y=5 k for 60 nm BCMs) with (targeted, 1 or 5 mol% hEGF) or without (non-targeted) hEGF-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y). To investigate the effect of the BFC on the pharmacokinetics, the BCMs were labelled with (111)In using p-SCN-Bn-DOTA (Bn-DOTA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)), H(2)N-DOTA (DOTA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)), DTPA anhydride (DTPA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)) or p-SCN-Bn-DTPA (Bn-DTPA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)). The resulting 15 nm or 60 nm non-targeted or targeted (1 or 5 mol% hEGF) were injected via a tail vein to mice bearing MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer xenograft that overexpress EGFR, followed by pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by fitting the blood concentration vs time data using a two compartment model with i.v. bolus input. Pharmacokinetic parameters were found to depend on BCM size, the BFC used as well as the density of hEGF on the surface of the BCMs. BCMs labelled with p-SCN-Bn-DTPA ((111)In-Bn-BCMs) showed improved pharmacokinetics (i.e. extended circulation lifetime) and tumor uptake compared to those labelled with DOTA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y), p-SCN-Bn-DOTA or DTPA dianhydride. Formulations with a high density of hEGF (5 mol% hEGF) had short circulation half-lives. BCMs labelled with (111)In via p-SCN-Bn-DTPA showed highest accumulation in the liver and spleen and slower whole body elimination. Smaller sized BCMs were rapidly cleared from the circulation. Increasing the density of hEGF on the surface did not improve tumor uptake due to faster clearance from the circulation. To achieve improved pharmacokinetics and in turn effective exploitation of the EPR effect, p-SCN-Bn-DTPA emerged as the optimal BFC for radiolabelling BCMs while a lower density of hEGF gave more favourable organ distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Fonge
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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655
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Khonkarn R, Mankhetkorn S, Hennink WE, Okonogi S. PEG-OCL micelles for quercetin solubilization and inhibition of cancer cell growth. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:268-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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656
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Keereweer S, Mol IM, Kerrebijn JD, Van Driel PB, Xie B, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Vahrmeijer AL, Löwik CW. Targeting integrins and enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for optical imaging of oral cancer. J Surg Oncol 2011; 105:714-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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657
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658
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Click Chemistry for Drug Delivery Nanosystems. Pharm Res 2011; 29:1-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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659
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Wang M, Gartel AL. Micelle-encapsulated thiostrepton as an effective nanomedicine for inhibiting tumor growth and for suppressing FOXM1 in human xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:2287-97. [PMID: 21903609 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The thiazole antiobiotic, thiostrepton, has been found to induce cell death in cancer cells through proteasome inhibition. As a proteasome inhibitor, thiostrepton has also been shown to suppress the expression of FOXM1, the oncogenic forkhead transcription factor overexpressed in cancer cells. In this study, we explored the potential in vivo anticancer properties of thiostrepton, delivered through nanoparticle encapsulation to xenograft models of breast and liver cancer. We encapsulated thiostrepton into micelles assembled from amphiphilic lipid-PEG (polyethylene glycol) molecules, where thiostrepton is solubilized within the inner lipid compartment of the micelle. Upon assembly, hydrophobic thiostrepton molecules are solubilized into the lipid component of the micelle shell, formed through the self-assembly of amphipilic lipid-PEG molecules. Maximum accumulation of micelle-thiostrepton nanoparticles (100 nm in diameter, -16 mV in zeta potential) into tumors was found at 4 hours postadministration and was retained for at least 24 hours. Upon continuous treatment, we found that nanoparticle-encapsulated thiostrepton reduced tumor growth rates of MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cancer xenografts. Furthermore, we show for the first time the in vivo suppression of the oncogenic FOXM1 after treatment with proteasome inhibitors. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining also showed increased apoptosis in the treated tumors, as indicated by cleaved caspase-3 expression. Our data suggest that the thiazole antibiotic/proteasome inhibitor thiostrepton, when formulated into nanoparticles, may be highly suited as a nanomedicine for treating human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840, S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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660
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Brückmann NE, Wahl M, Reiß GJ, Kohns M, Wätjen W, Kunz PC. Polymer Conjugates of Photoinducible CO-Releasing Molecules. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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661
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Fang J, Qin H, Seki T, Nakamura H, Tsukigawa K, Shin T, Maeda H. Therapeutic potential of pegylated hemin for reactive oxygen species-related diseases via induction of heme oxygenase-1: results from a rat hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:779-89. [PMID: 21890508 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.185348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diseases and pathological conditions, including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, are the consequence of the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Controlling ROS generation or its level may thus hold promise as a standard therapeutic modality for ROS-related diseases. Here, we assessed heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is a crucial antioxidative, antiapoptotic molecule against intracellular stresses, for its therapeutic potential via its inducer, hemin. To improve the solubility and in vivo pharmacokinetics of hemin for clinical applications, we developed a micellar hemin by conjugating it with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (PEG-hemin). PEG-hemin showed higher solubility in water and significantly prolonged plasma half-life than free hemin, which resulted from its micellar nature with molecular mass of 126 kDa in aqueous media. In a rat I/R model, administration of PEG-hemin significantly elevated HO-1 expression and enzymatic activity. This induction of HO-1 led to significantly improved liver function, reduced apoptosis and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of the liver, and decreased inflammatory cytokine production. PEG-hemin administration also markedly improved hepatic blood flow. These results suggest that PEG-hemin exerted a significant cytoprotective effect against I/R injury in rat liver by inducing HO-1 and thus seems to be a potential therapeutic for ROS-related diseases, including I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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662
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Talelli M, Hennink WE. Thermosensitive polymeric micelles for targeted drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1245-55. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermosensitive polymers are characterized by temperature-dependent aqueous solution properties. Below their lower critical solution temperature they are in an expanded state and fully dissolved, while above it they are dehydrated and insoluble. This has been exploited for the development of polymeric micelles that can be formed or destabilized depending on the solution temperature. Many micelle forming thermosensitive polymers have been described in literature, among which poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm), Pluronics (triblock copolymers of polypropylene oxide middle block flanked by two polyethylene oxide blocks) and poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylamide-lactate) (p(HPMAm-Lacn)) are the most frequently studied and some drug-loaded formulations based on thermosensitive polymers have reached clinical trials. The first generation of micelles composed of thermosensitive polymers was based on mere hydrophobic interactions between polymer blocks, while more recently shell or core crosslinking was introduced, in order to improve their stability in the circulation after intravenous administration and therefore, the accumulation of their depot in diseased areas. Various formulations of drug-loaded micelles based on thermosensitive polymers have shown promising results in vitro, as well as in vivo. This review gives an overview of the most important recent developments regarding the design and synthesis of various types of thermosensitve polymers for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Talelli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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663
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Papadopoulou LC, Tsiftsoglou AS. Transduction of human recombinant proteins into mitochondria as a protein therapeutic approach for mitochondrial disorders. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2639-56. [PMID: 21874377 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapy is considered an alternative approach to gene therapy for treatment of genetic-metabolic disorders. Human protein therapeutics (PTs), developed via recombinant DNA technology and used for the treatment of these illnesses, act upon membrane-bound receptors to achieve their pharmacological response. On the contrary, proteins that normally act inside the cells cannot be developed as PTs in the conventional way, since they are not able to "cross" the plasma membrane. Furthermore, in mitochondrial disorders, attributed either to depleted or malfunctioned mitochondrial proteins, PTs should also have to reach the subcellular mitochondria to exert their therapeutic potential. Nowadays, there is no effective therapy for mitochondrial disorders. The development of PTs, however, via the Protein Transduction Domain (PTD) technology offered new opportunities for the deliberate delivery of human recombinant proteins inside eukaryotic subcellular organelles. To this end, mitochondrial disorders could be clinically encountered with the delivery of human mitochondrial proteins (engineered via recombinant DNA and PTD technologies) at specific intramitochondrial sites to exert their function. Overall, PTD-mediated Protein Replacement Therapy emerges as a suitable model system for the therapeutic approach for mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefkothea C Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR54124, Macedonia, Greece.
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664
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Transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier by nanoparticles. J Control Release 2011; 161:264-73. [PMID: 21872624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system is well protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which maintains its homeostasis. Due to this barrier many potential drugs for the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) cannot reach the brain in sufficient concentrations. One possibility to deliver drugs to the CNS is the employment of polymeric nanoparticles. The ability of these carriers to overcome the BBB and to produce biologic effects on the CNS was shown in a number of studies. Over the past few years, progress in understanding of the mechanism of the nanoparticle uptake into the brain was made. This mechanism appears to be receptor-mediated endocytosis in brain capillary endothelial cells. Modification of the nanoparticle surface with covalently attached targeting ligands or by coating with certain surfactants enabling the adsorption of specific plasma proteins are necessary for this receptor-mediated uptake. The delivery of drugs, which usually are not able to cross the BBB, into the brain was confirmed by the biodistribution studies and pharmacological assays in rodents. Furthermore, the presence of nanoparticles in the brain parenchyma was visualized by electron microscopy. The intravenously administered biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin were successfully used for the treatment of experimental glioblastoma. These data, together with the possibility to employ nanoparticles for delivery of proteins and other macromolecules across the BBB, suggest that this technology holds great promise for non-invasive therapy of the CNS diseases.
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665
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Krimmer SG, Pan H, Liu J, Yang J, Kopeček J. Synthesis and characterization of poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] micelles for drug delivery. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1041-51. [PMID: 21567954 PMCID: PMC4598047 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers based on HPMA and ε-CL were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of ε-CL followed by RAFT polymerization of HPMA. A copolymer composed of 34 kDa PHPMA and 8.5 kDa PCL associated into micelles with CMC of 5.4 µg · mL(-1) . A novel retinoid, 3-Cl-AHPC-OMe, was incorporated into micelles with 25 wt.-% loading by dialysis method. The effective diameter of drug loading micelles was 117 nm. Incubation of micelles in PBS at 37 °C indicated 86 wt.-% of the drug was released after 96 h. Cytotoxicity studies performed with C4-2 prostate cancer cells showed the IC(50) dose was 1.96 µM after 72 h of incubation, whereas the micelles without drug showed no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Krimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Huaizhong Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jihua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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666
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Wohlfart S, Khalansky AS, Gelperina S, Begley D, Kreuter J. Kinetics of transport of doxorubicin bound to nanoparticles across the blood–brain barrier. J Control Release 2011; 154:103-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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667
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Shiraishi K, Harada Y, Kawano K, Maitani Y, Hori K, Yanagihara K, Takigahira M, Yokoyama M. Tumor Environment Changed by Combretastatin Derivative (Cderiv) Pretreatment That Leads to Effective Tumor Targeting, MRI Studies, and Antitumor Activity of Polymeric Micelle Carrier Systems. Pharm Res 2011; 29:178-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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668
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Lee DJ, Park SY, Oh YT, Oh NM, Oh KT, Youn YS, Lee ES. Preparation of chlorine e6-conjugated single-wall carbon nanotube for photodynamic therapy. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-0816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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669
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Dosio F, Brusa P, Cattel L. Immunotoxins and anticancer drug conjugate assemblies: the role of the linkage between components. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:848-83. [PMID: 22069744 PMCID: PMC3202854 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxins and antibody-drug conjugates are protein-based drugs combining a target-specific binding domain with a cytotoxic domain. Such compounds are potentially therapeutic against diseases including cancer, and several clinical trials have shown encouraging results. Although the targeted elimination of malignant cells is an elegant concept, there are numerous practical challenges that limit conjugates’ therapeutic use, including inefficient cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity, and off-target effects. During the preparation of immunoconjugates by chemical synthesis, the choice of the hinge component joining the two building blocks is of paramount importance: the conjugate must remain stable in vivo but must afford efficient release of the toxic moiety when the target is reached. Vast efforts have been made, and the present article reviews strategies employed in developing immunoconjugates, focusing on the evolution of chemical linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Dosio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
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670
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Ogris M, Wagner E. To Be Targeted: Is the Magic Bullet Concept a Viable Option for Synthetic Nucleic Acid Therapeutics? Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:799-807. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Ogris
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 81377, Germany
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671
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Abstract
The integration of therapeutic interventions with diagnostic imaging has been recognized as one of the next technological developments that will have a major impact on medical treatments. Therapeutic applications using ultrasound, for example thermal ablation, hyperthermia or ultrasound-induced drug delivery, are examples for image-guided interventions that are currently being investigated. While thermal ablation using magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound is entering the clinic, ultrasound-mediated drug delivery is still in a research phase, but holds promise to enable new applications in localized treatments. The use of ultrasound for the delivery of drugs has been demonstrated, particularly in the field of cardiology and oncology for a variety of therapeutics ranging from small-molecule drugs to biologics and nucleic acids exploiting temperature- or pressure-mediated delivery schemes.
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672
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Peng CL, Tsai HM, Yang SJ, Luo TY, Lin CF, Lin WJ, Shieh MJ. Development of thermosensitive poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-((2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate))-based nanoparticles for controlled drug release. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:265608. [PMID: 21576795 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/26/265608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensitive nanoparticles based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-((2-dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate)) (poly(NIPA-co-DMAEMA)) copolymers were successfully fabricated by free radical polymerization. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the synthesized nanoparticles was 41 °C and a temperature above which would cause the nanoparticles to undergo a volume phase transition from 140 to 100 nm, which could result in the expulsion of encapsulated drugs. Therefore, we used the poly(NIPA-co-DMAEMA) nanoparticles as a carrier for the controlled release of a hydrophobic anticancer agent, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38). The encapsulation efficiency and loading content of SN-38-loaded nanoparticles at an SN-38/poly(NIPA-co-DMAEMA) ratio of 1/10 (D/P = 1/10) were about 80% and 6.293%, respectively. Moreover, the release profile of SN-38-loaded nanoparticles revealed that the release rate at 42 °C (above LCST) was higher than that at 37 °C (below LCST), which demonstrated that the release of SN-38 could be controlled by increasing the temperature. The cytotoxicity of the SN-38-loaded poly(NIPA-co-DMAEMA) nanoparticles was investigated in human colon cancer cells (HT-29) to compare with the treatment of an anticancer drug, Irinotecan(®) (CPT-11). The antitumor efficacy evaluated in a C26 murine colon tumor model showed that the SN-38-loaded nanoparticles in combination with hyperthermia therapy efficiently suppressed tumor growth. The results indicate that these thermo-responsive nanoparticles are potential carriers for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Peng
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan Taoyuan, Taiwan
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673
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Baik HJ, Oh NM, Oh YT, Yoo NY, Park SY, Oh KT, Youn YS, Lee ES. 3-Diethylaminopropyl-bearing glycol chitosan as a protein drug carrier. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:585-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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674
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Branco MC, Sigano DM, Schneider JP. Materials from peptide assembly: towards the treatment of cancer and transmittable disease. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2011; 15:427-34. [PMID: 21507707 PMCID: PMC3489472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As the prevalence of cancer and transmittable disease persists, the development of new and more advanced therapies remains a priority in medical research. An emerging platform for the treatment of these illnesses is the use of materials formed via peptide assembly where the bulk material itself acts as the therapeutic. Higher ordered peptide structures with defined chemistry are capable of cellular targeting, recognition, and internalization. Recent design efforts are being made to exploit the nanoscale definition of the materials formed by assembling peptides to target cancer and microbial cells and to function as vaccines. This review focuses on assembled peptide materials that actively participate in the biological processes important to cancer and transmittable diseases to exert an anticipated functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Branco
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Dina M Sigano
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Joel P Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
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675
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Tagami T, Ernsting MJ, Li SD. Efficient tumor regression by a single and low dose treatment with a novel and enhanced formulation of thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin. J Control Release 2011; 152:303-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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676
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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for targeted inhibition of Notch signaling in cancer. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1538-46. [PMID: 21629222 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, a key regulator of stem cells, is frequently overactivated in cancer. It is often linked to aggressive forms of cancer, evading standard treatment highlighting Notch as an exciting therapeutic target. Notch is in principle "druggable" by γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), inhibitory peptides and antibodies, but clinical use of Notch inhibitors is restricted by severe side effects and there is a demand for alternative cancer-targeted therapy. Here, we present a novel approach, using imagable mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) as vehicles for targeted delivery of GSIs to block Notch signaling. Drug-loaded particles conjugated to targeting ligands induced cell-specific inhibition of Notch activity in vitro and exhibited enhanced tumor retainment with significantly improved Notch inhibition and therapeutic outcome in vivo. Oral administration of GSI-MSNPs controlled Notch activity in intestinal stem cells further supporting the in vivo applicability of MSNPs for GSI delivery. MSNPs showed tumor accumulation and targeting after systemic administration. MSNPs were biocompatible, and particles not retained within the tumors, were degraded and eliminated mainly by renal excretion. The data highlights MSNPs as an attractive platform for targeted drug delivery of anticancer drugs with otherwise restricted clinical application, and as interesting constituents in the quest for more refined Notch therapies.
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677
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Meng H, Xue M, Xia T, Ji Z, Tarn DY, Zink JI, Nel AE. Use of size and a copolymer design feature to improve the biodistribution and the enhanced permeability and retention effect of doxorubicin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles in a murine xenograft tumor model. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4131-44. [PMID: 21524062 PMCID: PMC3905975 DOI: 10.1021/nn200809t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for improving the efficacy of passive drug delivery to tumor sites by a nanocarrier is to limit reticuloendothelial system uptake and to maximize the enhanced permeability and retention effect. We demonstrate that size reduction and surface functionalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) with a polyethyleneimine-polyethylene glycol copolymer reduces particle opsonization while enhancing the passive delivery of monodispersed, 50 nm doxorubicin-laden MSNP to a human squamous carcinoma xenograft in nude mice after intravenous injection. Using near-infrared fluorescence imaging and elemental Si analysis, we demonstrate passive accumulation of ∼12% of the tail vein-injected particle load at the tumor site, where there is effective cellular uptake and the delivery of doxorubicin to KB-31 cells. This was accompanied by the induction of apoptosis and an enhanced rate of tumor shrinking compared to free doxorubicin. The improved drug delivery was accompanied by a significant reduction in systemic side effects such as animal weight loss as well as reduced liver and renal injury. These results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve effective passive tumor targeting by MSNP size reduction as well as by introducing steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion through coating with a copolymer. Further endowment of this multifunctional drug delivery platform with targeting ligands and nanovalves may further enhance cell-specific targeting and on-demand release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Derrick Y. Tarn
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jeffrey I. Zink
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. and
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. and
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678
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Yoshioka Y, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y. Development of a novel DDS for site-specific PEGylated proteins. Chem Cent J 2011; 5:25. [PMID: 21569400 PMCID: PMC3113338 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-5-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the shifted focus in life science research from genome analyses to genetic and protein function analyses, we now know functions of numerous proteins. These analyses, including those of newly identified proteins, are expected to contribute to the identification of proteins of therapeutic value in various diseases. Consequently, pharmacoproteomic-based drug discovery and development of protein therapies attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Clinical applications of most of these proteins are, however, limited because of their unexpectedly low therapeutic effects, resulting from the proteolytic degradation in vivo followed by rapid removal from the circulatory system. Therefore, frequent administration of excessively high dose of a protein is required to observe its therapeutic effect in vivo. This often results in impaired homeostasis in vivo and leads to severe adverse effects. To overcome these problems, we have devised a method for chemical modification of proteins with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) and other water-soluble polymers. In addition, we have established a method for creating functional mutant proteins (muteins) with desired properties, and developed a site-specific polymer-conjugation method to further improve their therapeutic potency. In this review, we are introducing our original protein-drug innovation system mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yoshioka
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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679
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Yang M, Chen J, Cao W, Ding L, Ng KK, Jin H, Zhang Z, Zheng G. Attenuation of nontargeted cell-kill using a high-density lipoprotein-mimicking peptide--phospholipid nanoscaffold. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:631-41. [PMID: 21718175 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Research in the development of nanoscale drug carriers primarily focuses on maximizing drug delivery efficiency to tumor tissues. However, less attention has been given to minimizing drug toxicity to non-targeted cells to enhance therapeutic selectivity. AIM Herein, we report on the use of a newly developed high-density lipoprotein-mimicking peptide-phospholipid nanoscaffold (HPPS) to deliver a lipophilic drug, paclitaxel oleate (PTXOL). METHOD & RESULTS The formulated PTXOL HPPS (120:1) drastically increased therapeutic selectivity by reducing cytotoxicity of PTXOL to nontargeted cells. Using mice bearing targeted (KB) and nontargeted (HT1080) tumors as models, we demonstrated that tumor volume of nontargeted cells was decreased to 57% by PTXOL treatment but increased to 1220% by PTXOL HPPS treatment. However, upon treatment of paclitaxel, PTXOL and PTXOL HPPS, tumor volumes of targeted groups were reduced to 85, 50 and 63%, respectively. CONCLUSION These data strongly suggest that HPPS can attenuate toxicity of anticancer drugs to nontargeted cells, resulting in cell-killing efficacy only on targeted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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680
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Optimizing the formation of biocompatible gold nanorods for cancer research: Functionalization, stabilization and purification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 357:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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681
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Yu H, Nie Y, Dohmen C, Li Y, Wagner E. Epidermal Growth Factor–PEG Functionalized PAMAM-Pentaethylenehexamine Dendron for Targeted Gene Delivery Produced by Click Chemistry. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2039-47. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101464n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Yu
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Nie
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Dohmen
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yunqiu Li
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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682
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Schädlich A, Rose C, Kuntsche J, Caysa H, Mueller T, Göpferich A, Mäder K. How Stealthy are PEG-PLA Nanoparticles? An NIR In Vivo Study Combined with Detailed Size Measurements. Pharm Res 2011; 28:1995-2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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683
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Dördelmann G, Pfeiffer H, Birkner A, Schatzschneider U. Silicium dioxide nanoparticles as carriers for photoactivatable CO-releasing molecules (PhotoCORMs). Inorg Chem 2011; 50:4362-7. [PMID: 21506524 DOI: 10.1021/ic1024197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Silicium dioxide nanoparticles of about 20 nm diameter containing azido groups at the surface were prepared by emulsion copolymerization of trimethoxymethylsilane and (3-azidopropyl)triethoxysilane and studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A photoactivatable CO-releasing molecule (PhotoCORM) based on [Mn(CO)(3)(tpm)](+) (tpm = tris(pyrazolyl)methane) containing an alkyne-functionalized tpm ligand was covalently linked to the silicium dioxide nanoparticles via the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC "click" reaction). The surface functionalization of the particles with azido groups and manganese CORMs was analyzed by UV-vis, IR, (1)H and (13)C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopies as well as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The myoglobin assay was used to demonstrate that the CORM-functionalized nanoparticles have photoinducible CO-release properties very similar to the free complex. In the future, such functionalized silicium dioxide nanoparticles might be utilized as delivery agents for CORMs in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Dördelmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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684
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Ren K, Purdue PE, Burton L, Quan LD, Fehringer EV, Thiele GM, Goldring SR, Wang D. Early detection and treatment of wear particle-induced inflammation and bone loss in a mouse calvarial osteolysis model using HPMA copolymer conjugates. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1043-51. [PMID: 21438611 DOI: 10.1021/mp2000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wear particle-induced inflammation is considered to be the major cause of aseptic implant loosening and clinical failure after total joint replacement. Due to the frequent absence of symptoms, early detection and intervention prior to implant failure presents a significant challenge. To address this issue, a N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-based optical imaging contrast agent (P-IRDye) was developed and used for the detection of wear particle-induced inflammation employing a murine calvaria osteolysis model. The particle-induced osteolysis of calvaria was evaluated by H&E, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and μ-CT after necropsy. One-day post particle implantation, P-IRDye was administrated to the mice via tail vein injection. Live imaging of the animals 6 days after implantation revealed the preferential distribution and sustained retention of the macromolecular contrast agent at the site of particle implantation. Immunohistochemical staining and FACS analyses of the calvaria-associated soft tissue revealed extensive uptake of the HPMA copolymer by F4/80, Ly-6G (Gr1) and CD11c positive cells, which accounts for the retention of the macromolecular probes at the inflammatory sites. To test the potential of the system for therapeutic intervention, an acid-labile HPMA copolymer-dexamethasone conjugate (P-Dex) was prepared and shown to prevent the particle-induced inflammation and bone damage in the calvaria osteolysis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, USA
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685
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Cole AJ, Yang VC, David AE. Cancer theranostics: the rise of targeted magnetic nanoparticles. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:323-32. [PMID: 21489647 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interest in utilizing magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) for biomedical applications has increased considerably over the past two decades. This excitement has been driven in large part by the success of MNPs as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. The recent investigative trend with respect to cancer has continued down a diagnostic path, but has also turned toward concurrent therapy, giving rise to the distinction of MNPs as potential "theranostics". Here we review both the key technical principles of MNPs and ongoing advancement toward a cancer theranostic MNP. Recent progress in diagnostics, hyperthermia treatments, and drug delivery are all considered. We conclude by identifying current barriers to clinical translation of MNPs and offer considerations for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Cole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
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686
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Skidan I, Grunwald J, Thekkedath R, Degterev A, Torchilin V. A HPLC method for the quantitative determination of N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylcarbamothioyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide in biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1610-6. [PMID: 21514904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and simple HPLC method was developed for the determination of a novel compound, a potential anti-cancer drug, N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylcarbamothioyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide (DM-PIT-1), a member of the new structural class of non-phosphoinositide small molecule antagonist of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-pleckstrin-homology domain interactions, in mouse plasma and tumor tissue homogenates. The chromatographic separation of DM-PIT-1 was achieved on C18 column using isocratic elution with acetonitrile-water (70:30) containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v). DM-PIT-1 was detected by UV absorbance at 320 nm and confirmed by LC-MS. The extraction of the DM-PIT-1 from the plasma and tumor tissue with methylene chloride resulted in its high recovery (70-80%). HPLC calibration curves for DM-PIT-1 based on the extracts from the mouse plasma and tumor tissue samples were linear over a broad concentration range of 0.25-20 μg/ml/g, with intra/inter-day accuracy of 95% and the precision of variation below 10%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.1 ng and 0.2 ng, respectively. The described method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of the DM-PIT-1 following the parenteral injections of DM-PIT-1 entrapped in 1,2-disteratoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene-glycol)-2000] (PEG-PE) micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Skidan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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687
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Jeong H, Huh M, Lee SJ, Koo H, Kwon IC, Jeong SY, Kim K. Photosensitizer-conjugated human serum albumin nanoparticles for effective photodynamic therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 1:230-9. [PMID: 21562630 PMCID: PMC3092446 DOI: 10.7150/thno/v01p0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging theranostic modality for various cancers and diseases. The focus of this study was the development of tumor-targeting albumin nanoparticles containing photosensitizers for efficient PDT. To produce tumor-targeting albumin nanoparticles, the hydrophobic photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (Ce6), was chemically conjugated to human serum albumin (HSA). The conjugates formed self-assembled nanoparticle structures with an average diameter of 88 nm under aqueous conditions. As expected, the Ce6-conjugated HSA nanoparticles (Ce6-HSA-NPs) were nontoxic in their native state, but upon illumination with the appropriate wavelength of light, they produced singlet oxygen and damaged target tumor cells in a cell culture system. Importantly, when the nanoparticles were injected through the tail vein into tumor-bearing HT-29 mice, Ce6-HSA-NPs compared with free Ce6 revealed enhanced tumor-specific biodistribution and successful therapeutic results following laser irradiation. These results suggest that highly tumor-specific albumin nanoparticles have the potential to serve not only as efficient therapeutic agents, but also as photodynamic imaging (PDI) reagents in cancer treatment.
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688
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Nanobody — Shell functionalized thermosensitive core-crosslinked polymeric micelles for active drug targeting. J Control Release 2011; 151:183-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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689
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The field of pharmaceutical and medical nanotechnology has grown rapidly in recent decades and offers much promise for therapeutic advances. This review is intended to serve as a quick summary of the major areas in the therapeutic application of nanotechnology. RECENT FINDINGS Nanotechnology for therapeutic application falls into two broad categories of particulate systems and nanoengineered devices. Recent studies appear to focus on the development of multifunctional particles for drug delivery and imaging and the development of nanotechnology-based biosensors for diagnostic applications. Cancer treatment and diagnosis appears to be the principal focus of many of these applications, but nanotechnology is also finding application in tissue engineering and surface engineering of medical implants. SUMMARY Particulate drug delivery systems in general appear to be poised for increased use in the clinic, whereas nanoengineered implants and diagnostic sensors might well be the next major wave in the medical use of nanotechnology.
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690
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Wang H, Zheng L, Peng C, Guo R, Shen M, Shi X, Zhang G. Computed tomography imaging of cancer cells using acetylated dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 32:2979-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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691
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Bae KH, Chung HJ, Park TG. Nanomaterials for cancer therapy and imaging. Mol Cells 2011; 31:295-302. [PMID: 21360197 PMCID: PMC3933969 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of organic and inorganic nanomaterials with dimensions below several hundred nanometers are recently emerging as promising tools for cancer therapeutic and diagnostic applications due to their unique characteristics of passive tumor targeting. A wide range of nanomedicine platforms such as polymeric micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles have been extensively explored for targeted delivery of anti-cancer agents, because they can accumulate in the solid tumor site via leaky tumor vascular structures, thereby selectively delivering therapeutic payloads into the desired tumor tissue. In recent years, nanoscale delivery vehicles for small interfering RNA (siRNA) have been also developed as effective therapeutic approaches to treat cancer. Furthermore, rationally designed multi-functional surface modification of these nanomaterials with cancer targeting moieties, protective polymers, and imaging agents can lead to fabrication versatile theragnostic nanosystems that allow simultaneous cancer therapy and diagnosis. This review highlights the current state and future prospects of diverse biomedical nanomaterials for cancer therapy and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tae Gwan Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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692
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Acharya S, Sahoo SK. PLGA nanoparticles containing various anticancer agents and tumour delivery by EPR effect. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:170-83. [PMID: 20965219 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As mortality due to cancer continues to rise, advances in nanotechnology have significantly become an effective approach for achieving efficient drug targeting to tumour tissues by circumventing all the shortcomings of conventional chemotherapy. During the past decade, the importance of polymeric drug-delivery systems in oncology has grown exponentially. In this context, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a widely used polymer for fabricating 'nanoparticles' because of biocompatibility, long-standing track record in biomedical applications and well-documented utility for sustained drug release, and hence has been the centre of focus for developing drug-loaded nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Such PLGA nanoparticles have also been used to develop proteins and peptides for nanomedicine, and nanovaccines, as well as a nanoparticle-based drug- and gene-delivery system for cancer therapy, and nanoantigens and growth factors. These drug-loaded nanoparticles extravasate through the tumour vasculature, delivering their payload into the cells by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, thereby increasing their therapeutic effect. Ongoing research about drug-loaded nanoparticles and their delivery by the EPR effect to the tumour tissues has been elucidated in this review with clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbari Acharya
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, India
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693
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Heneweer C, Holland JP, Divilov V, Carlin S, Lewis JS. Magnitude of enhanced permeability and retention effect in tumors with different phenotypes: 89Zr-albumin as a model system. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:625-633. [PMID: 21421727 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.083998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Targeted nanoparticle-based technologies show increasing prevalence in radiotracer design. As a consequence, quantitative contribution of nonspecific accumulation in the target tissue, mainly governed by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, becomes highly relevant for evaluating the specificity of these new agents. This study investigated the influence of different tumor phenotypes on the EPR effect, hypothesizing that a baseline level of uptake must be exceeded to visualize high and specific uptake of a targeted macromolecular radiotracer. METHODS These preliminary studies use (89)Zr-labeled mouse serum albumin ((89)Zr-desferrioxamine-mAlb) as a model radiotracer to assess uptake and retention in 3 xenograft models of human prostate cancer (CWR22rv1, DU-145, and PC-3). Experiments include PET and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging to assess morphology, vascularization, and radiotracer uptake; temporal ex vivo biodistribution studies to quantify radiotracer uptake over time; and histologic and autoradiographic studies to evaluate the intra- and intertumoral distribution of (89)Zr-desferrioxamine-mAlb. RESULTS Early uptake profiles show statistically significant but overall small differences in radiotracer uptake between different tumor phenotypes. By 20 h, nonspecific radiotracer uptake was found to be independent of tumor size and phenotype, reaching at least 5.0 percentage injected dose per gram in all 3 tumor models. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that minimal differences in tumor uptake exist at early time points, dependent on the tumor type. However, these differences equalize over time, reaching around 5.0 percentage injected dose per gram at 20 h after injection. These data provide strong support for the introduction of mandatory experimental controls of future macromolecular or nanoparticle-based drugs, particularly regarding the development of targeted radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Heneweer
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jason P Holland
- Radiochemistry Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vadim Divilov
- Radiochemistry Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sean Carlin
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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694
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Maeda H, Matsumura Y. EPR effect based drug design and clinical outlook for enhanced cancer chemotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:129-30. [PMID: 20457195 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maeda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda, Kumamoto, Japan.
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695
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Luo K, Yang J, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. Biodegradable Multiblock Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization and Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2011; 44:2481-2488. [PMID: 21552355 DOI: 10.1021/ma102574e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new bifunctional chain transfer agent (CTA) containing alkyne end groups was designed, synthesized and used for direct synthesis of clickable telechelic polymers. Good control of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) was achieved by using the new CTA, as indicated by a linear increase of number average molecular weight (Mn) with conversion and low polydispersity (PDI) (<1.1). In particular, enzymatically degradable multiblock HPMA polymers were readily prepared by subsequent reaction with αω, -diazido oligopeptide (GFLG) sequence via Cu(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition. Upon exposure of high molecular weight fractions of multiblock polyHPMA to papain or cathepsin B, the polymer was degraded into segments of molecular weight and narrow polydispersity similar to those of the initial telechelic polyHPMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-9452, USA
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696
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Yang J, Luo K, Pan H, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. Synthesis of Biodegradable Multiblock Copolymers by Click Coupling of RAFT-Generated HeterotelechelicPolyHPMA Conjugates. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011; 71:294-302. [PMID: 21499527 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of biodegradable high molecular weight N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based polymeric carriers has been designed. An enzyme-sensitive, alkyne-functionalized, chain transfer agent (CTA-GFLG-alkyne; N(α)-(4-pentynoyl)-N(δ)-(4-cyano-4-(phenylcarbonothioylthio)pentanoyl-glycylphenylalanylleucylglycyl)-lysine) was synthesized and used to mediate the reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and copolymerization of HPMA. Post-polymerization modification with 4,4'-azobis(azidopropyl 4-cyanopentanoate)resulted in the formation of heterotelechelic HPMA copolymers containing terminal alkyne and azide groups. Chain extension via click reaction resulted in high molecular weight multiblock copolymers. Upon exposure to papain, these copolymers degraded into the initial blocks. Similar results were obtained for copolymers of HPMA with N-methacryloylglycylphenylalanylleucylglycyl thiazolidine-2-thione and N-methacryloylglycylphenylalanylleucylglycyl-gemcitabine. The new synthetic method presented permits the synthesis of biocompatible, biodegradable high molecular weight HPMA copolymer-anticancer drug conjugates that possess long-circulation times and augmented accumulation in solid tumor tissue due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-9452, USA
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697
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Zhou L, Cheng R, Tao H, Ma S, Guo W, Meng F, Liu H, Liu Z, Zhong Z. Endosomal pH-Activatable Poly(ethylene oxide)-graft-Doxorubicin Prodrugs: Synthesis, Drug Release, and Biodistribution in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1460-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101340u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and §Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ru Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and §Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huiquan Tao
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and §Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shoubao Ma
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and §Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and §Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and §Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and §Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and §Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and §Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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698
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Kim JK, Howard MD, Dziubla TD, Rinehart JJ, Jay M, Lu X. Uniformity of drug payload and its effect on stability of solid lipid nanoparticles containing an ester prodrug. ACS NANO 2011; 5:209-216. [PMID: 21158414 DOI: 10.1021/nn102357y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarrier systems are frequently characterized by their size distribution, while drug encapsulation in nanocarriers is generally characterized in terms of an entire population, assuming that drug distribution is uniform. Careful characterization of nanocarriers and assessment of their behavior in biological environments are essential for adequate prediction of the fate of the nanoparticles in vivo. Solid lipid nanoparticles containing [(3)H]-dexamethasone palmitate (an ester prodrug) and [(14)C]-stearyl alcohol (a component of the nanoparticle matrix) were prepared using the nanotemplate engineering method for bioresponsive tumor delivery to overcome interstitial fluid pressure gradients, a physiological barrier to tumor uptake of chemotherapeutic agents. While particle size analysis indicated a uniform size distribution of 93.2 ± 0.5 nm, gel filtration chromatography (GFC) revealed two nanoparticle populations. Drug encapsulation efficiency was 97%, but it distributed differently in the two populations, with average drug/lipid ratios of 0.04 and 0.25, respectively. The difference in surface properties resulted in distinguishing protein adsorption features of the two populations. GFC and HPLC profiles of the mixture of nanoparticles and human serum albumin (HSA) showed that no HSA was adsorbed to the first population of nanoparticles, but minor amounts were adsorbed to the second population. After 24 h incubation in 50% human plasma, ≥80% of the [(3)H]-dexamethasone palmitate was associated with nanoparticles. Thus, characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles produced by this method may be challenging from a regulatory perspective, but the strong association of the drug with the nanoparticles in plasma indicates that this nanocarrier system has the potential for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ki Kim
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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699
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Soliman GM, Sharma A, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Dendrimers and miktoarm polymers based multivalent nanocarriers for efficient and targeted drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9572-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11981h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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700
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