651
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Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Psychosis and Psychosis Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030651. [PMID: 28304340 PMCID: PMC5372663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although our understanding of psychotic disorders has advanced substantially in the past few decades, very little has changed in the standard of care for these illnesses since the development of atypical anti-psychotics in the 1990s. Here, we integrate new insights into the pathophysiology with the increasing interest in early detection and prevention. First, we explore the role of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in a subpopulation of cortical parvalbumin-containing interneurons (PVIs). Postmortem and preclinical data has implicated these neurons in the positive and negative symptoms, as well as the cognitive dysfunction present in schizophrenia. These neurons also appear to be sensitive to inflammation and oxidative stress during the perinatal and peripubertal periods, which may be mediated in large part by aberrant synaptic pruning. After exploring some of the molecular mechanisms through which neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are thought to exert their effects, we highlight the progress that has been made in identifying psychosis prior to onset through the identification of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). By combining our understanding of psychosis pathogenesis with the increasing characterization of endophenotypes that precede frank psychosis, it may be possible to identify patients before they present with psychosis and intervene to reduce the burden of the disease to both patients and families.
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652
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Tyler MW, Zaldivar-Diez J, Haggarty SJ. Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Haloperidol. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:444-453. [PMID: 28170220 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of haloperidol catalyzed a breakthrough in our understanding of the biochemical basis of schizophrenia, improved the treatment of psychosis, and facilitated deinstitutionalization. In doing so, it solidified the role for chemical neuroscience as a means to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of complex neuropsychiatric disorders. In this Review, we will cover aspects of haloperidol's synthesis, manufacturing, metabolism, pharmacology, approved and off-label indications, and adverse effects. We will also convey the fascinating history of this classic molecule and the influence that it has had on the evolution of neuropsychopharmacology and neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall W. Tyler
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Chemical Biology
Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Josefa Zaldivar-Diez
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Chemical Biology
Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Chemical Biology
Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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653
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Moreines JL, Owrutsky ZL, Grace AA. Involvement of Infralimbic Prefrontal Cortex but not Lateral Habenula in Dopamine Attenuation After Chronic Mild Stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:904-913. [PMID: 27813530 PMCID: PMC5312072 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports a role for dopamine in major depressive disorder (MDD). We recently reported fewer spontaneously active ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons (ie, reduced dopamine neuron population activity) in the chronic mild stress (CMS) rodent model of MDD. In this study, we examined the role of two brain regions that have been implicated in MDD in humans, the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (ILPFC)-that is, rodent homolog of Brodmann area 25 (BA25), and the lateral habenula (LHb) in the CMS-induced attenuation of dopamine neuron activity. The impact of activating the ILPFC or LHb was evaluated using single-unit extracellular recordings of identified VTA dopamine neurons. The involvement of each region in dopamine neuron attenuation following 5-7 weeks of CMS was then evaluated by selective inactivation. Activation of either ILPFC or LHb in normal rats potently suppressed dopamine neuron population activity, but in unique patterns. ILPFC activation selectively inhibited dopamine neurons in medial VTA, which were most impacted by CMS. Conversely, LHb activation selectively inhibited dopamine neurons in lateral VTA, which were unaffected by CMS. Moreover, only ILPFC inactivation restored dopamine neuron population activity to normal levels following CMS; LHb inactivation had no restorative effect. These data suggest that, in the CMS model of MDD, the ILPFC is the primary driver of diminished dopamine neuron responses. These findings support a neural substrate for ILPFC/BA25 linking affective and motivational circuitry dysfunction in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared L Moreines
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, Tel: 412 624 7332, Fax: 412 624 9198, E-mail:
| | - Zoe L Owrutsky
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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654
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Dubin MJ, Liston C, Avissar MA, Ilieva I, Gunning FM. Network-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2017; 4:70-77. [PMID: 28316903 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-017-0108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW First, we will identify candidate predictive biomarkers of antidepressant response of TMS based on the neuroimaging literature. Next, we will review the effects of TMS on networks involved in depression. Finally, we will discuss ways in which our current understanding of network engagement by TMS may be used to optimize its antidepressant effect. RECENT FINDINGS The past few years has seen significant interest in the antidepressant mechanisms of TMS. Studies using functional neuroimaging and neurochemical imaging have demonstrated engagement of networks known to be important in depression. Current evidence supports a model whereby TMS normalizes network function gradually over the course of several treatments. This may, in turn, mediate its antidepressant effect. SUMMARY One strategy to optimize the antidepressant effect of TMS is to more precisely target networks relevant in depression. We propose methods to achieve this using functional and neurochemical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Dubin
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Feil Family Mind and Brain Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Feil Family Mind and Brain Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael A Avissar
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Irena Ilieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Faith M Gunning
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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655
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Hasebe S, Ago Y, Watabe Y, Oka S, Hiramatsu N, Tanaka T, Umehara C, Hashimoto H, Takuma K, Matsuda T. Anti-anhedonic effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with affinity for sigma-1 receptors in picrotoxin-treated mice. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:314-327. [PMID: 27987210 PMCID: PMC5289945 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prefrontal dopamine release by the combined activation of 5-HT1A and sigma-1 (σ1 ) receptors is enhanced by the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin in mice. Here, we examined whether this neurochemical event was accompanied by behavioural changes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male mice were treated with picrotoxin to decrease GABAA receptor function. Their anhedonic behaviour was measured using the female encounter test. The expression of c-Fos was determined immunohistochemically. KEY RESULTS Picrotoxin caused an anxiogenic effect on three behavioural tests, but it did not affect the immobility time in the forced swim test. Picrotoxin decreased female preference in the female encounter test and attenuated the female encounter-induced increase in c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens. Picrotoxin-induced anhedonia was ameliorated by fluvoxamine and S-(+)-fluoxetine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with high affinity for the σ1 receptor. The effect of fluvoxamine was blocked by a 5-HT1A or a σ1 receptor antagonist, and co-administration of the σ1 receptor agonist (+)-SKF-10047 and the 5-HT1A receptor agonist osemozotan mimicked the effect of fluvoxamine. By contrast, desipramine, duloxetine and paroxetine, which have little affinity for the σ1 receptor, did not affect picrotoxin-induced anhedonia. The effect of fluvoxamine was blocked by a dopamine D2/3 receptor antagonist. Methylphenidate, an activator of the prefrontal dopamine system, ameliorated picrotoxin-induced anhedonia. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Picrotoxin-treated mice show anhedonic behaviour that is ameliorated by simultaneous activation of 5-HT1A and σ1 receptors. These findings suggest that the increased prefrontal dopamine release is associated with the anti-anhedonic effect observed in picrotoxin-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hasebe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of DentistryOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Y Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Y Watabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - S Oka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - N Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - T Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - C Umehara
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - H Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of FukuiOsakaJapan
- Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability ScienceOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - K Takuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of DentistryOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of FukuiOsakaJapan
| | - T Matsuda
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
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656
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da Silveira VT, Medeiros DDC, Ropke J, Guidine PA, Rezende GH, Moraes MFD, Mendes EMAM, Macedo D, Moreira FA, de Oliveira ACP. Effects of early or late prenatal immune activation in mice on behavioral and neuroanatomical abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia in the adulthood. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 58:1-8. [PMID: 28122258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy in rodents increases the risk of the offspring to develop schizophrenia-related behaviors, suggesting a relationship between the immune system and the brain development. Here we tested the hypothesis that MIA induced by the viral mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) in early or late gestation of mice leads to behavioral and neuroanatomical disorders in the adulthood. On gestational days (GDs) 9 or 17 pregnant dams were treated with poly I:C or saline via intravenous route and the offspring behaviors were measured during adulthood. Considering the progressive structural neuroanatomical alterations in the brain of individuals with schizophrenia, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to perform brain morphometric analysis of the offspring aged one year. MIA on GD9 or GD17 led to increased basal locomotor activity, enhanced motor responses to ketamine, a psychotomimetic drug, and reduced time spent in the center of the arena, suggesting an increased anxiety-like behavior. In addition, MIA on GD17 reduced glucose preference in the offspring. None of the treatments altered the relative volume of the lateral ventricles. However, a decrease in brain volume, especially for posterior structures, was observed for one-year-old animals treated with poly I:C compared with control groups. Thus, activation of the maternal immune system at different GDs lead to neuroanatomical and behavioral alterations possibly related to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. These results provide insights on neuroimmunonological and neurodevelopmental aspects of certain psychopathologies, such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian T da Silveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Castro Medeiros
- Center for Technology and Research in Magneto-Resonance (CTPMAG), Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jivago Ropke
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patricia A Guidine
- Center for Technology and Research in Magneto-Resonance (CTPMAG), Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Rezende
- Center for Technology and Research in Magneto-Resonance (CTPMAG), Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcio Flavio D Moraes
- Center for Technology and Research in Magneto-Resonance (CTPMAG), Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mazoni A M Mendes
- Center for Technology and Research in Magneto-Resonance (CTPMAG), Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fabricio A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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657
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Bonaventura J, Quiroz C, Cai NS, Rubinstein M, Tanda G, Ferré S. Key role of the dopamine D 4 receptor in the modulation of corticostriatal glutamatergic neurotransmission. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601631. [PMID: 28097219 PMCID: PMC5226642 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic variants of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) have been repeatedly associated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Yet, the functional role of the D4 receptor and the functional differences of the products of DRD4 polymorphic variants remained enigmatic. Immunohistochemical and optogenetic-microdialysis experiments were performed in knock-in mice expressing a D4 receptor with the long intracellular domain of a human DRD4 polymorphic variant associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). When compared with the wild-type mouse D4 receptor, the expanded intracellular domain of the humanized D4 receptor conferred a gain of function, blunting methamphetamine-induced cortical activation and optogenetic and methamphetamine-induced corticostriatal glutamate release. The results demonstrate a key role of the D4 receptor in the modulation of corticostriatal glutamatergic neurotransmission. Furthermore, these data imply that enhanced D4 receptor-mediated dopaminergic control of corticostriatal transmission constitutes a vulnerability factor of ADHD and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bonaventura
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - César Quiroz
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ning-Sheng Cai
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marcelo Rubinstein
- Institute of Investigation in Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Medications Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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658
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Bieliński M, Jaracz M, Lesiewska N, Tomaszewska M, Sikora M, Junik R, Kamińska A, Tretyn A, Borkowska A. Association between COMT Val158Met and DAT1 polymorphisms and depressive symptoms in the obese population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2221-2229. [PMID: 28860780 PMCID: PMC5571853 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s138565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depressive symptoms are common among patients with obesity. Abnormalities in dopamine signaling involved in the reward circuit may ensue excessive consumption of food, resulting in obesity and leading to neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. This study sought to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the genes encoding DAT1/SLC6A3 and COMT with the intensity of depressive symptoms in obese subjects. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms were assessed in a group of 364 obese patients using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Genetic polymorphisms in DAT1 and COMT were evaluated in peripheral blood samples. RESULTS The results indicated an association between DAT1 alleles and depressive symptoms, as well as severity of obesity. Subjects homozygous for the nine-repeat allele scored higher in BDI (P=0.022) and HDRS (P=0.00001), suggesting higher intensity of depression in both sexes. This allele was also associated with the highest body mass index (BMI; P=0.001). Carriers of the Val158Met allele of COMT scored higher on both depression scales (BDI, P=0.0005; HRDS, P=0.002) and had the highest BMI values. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in the DAT1 and COMT genes are associated with a greater intensity of depressive symptoms in the obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bieliński
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz
| | - Marcin Jaracz
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz
| | - Natalia Lesiewska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz
| | - Marta Tomaszewska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz
| | - Marcin Sikora
- Department of Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń
| | - Roman Junik
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Department of Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń
| | - Alina Borkowska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz
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659
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Tarakanov AO, Bechter K, Fuxe K. IL1R2, CCR2, and CXCR4 May Form Heteroreceptor Complexes with NMDAR and D2R: Relevance for Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:24. [PMID: 28261115 PMCID: PMC5309215 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mild neuroinflammation hypothesis of schizophrenia was introduced by Bechter in 2001. It has been hypothesized that a hypofunction of glutamatergic signaling via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and hyperactivation of dopamine D2 receptors play a role in schizophrenia. The triplet puzzle theory states that sets of triplet amino acid homologies guide two different receptors toward each other and contributes to the formation of a receptor heteromer. It is, therefore, proposed that putative NMDAR-C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), NMDAR-C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and NMDAR- interleukin 1 receptor type II (IL1R2) heteromers can be formed in the neuronal networks in mild neuroinflammation due to demonstration of Gly-Leu-Leu (GLL), Val-Ser-Thr (VST), and/or Ser-Val-Ser (SVS) amino acid homologies between these receptor protomers. This molecular process may underlie the ability to produce symptoms of schizophrenia in mild neuroinflammation. In this state, volume transmission (VT) is increased involving increased extracellular vesicle-mediated VT from microglia and astroglia. These vesicles may contain CCR2, CXCR4, and/or IL1R2 as well as their ligands and upon internalization by endocytic pathways into neurons can form heteroreceptor complexes with NMDAR in the plasma membrane with pathological allosteric receptor-receptor interactions involving increased internalization and reduced NMDAR signaling. The triplet puzzle theory also suggests the formation of putative D2R-CCR2, D2R-CXCR4, and D2R-IL1R2 heteromers in mild neuroinflammation in view of their demonstrated sets of Leu-Tyr-Ser (LYS), Leu-Pro-Phe (LPF), and/or Ser-Leu-Ala (SLA) triplet homologies. These D2R heteroreceptor complexes may also contribute to schizophrenia-like symptoms in mild neuroinflammation by enhancing D2R protomer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy; Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Alexander O Tarakanov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation , Saint Petersburg , Russia
| | - Karl Bechter
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg , Günzburg , Germany
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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660
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Prasad AA, McNally GP. Ventral Pallidum Output Pathways in Context-Induced Reinstatement of Alcohol Seeking. J Neurosci 2016; 36:11716-11726. [PMID: 27852779 PMCID: PMC6705636 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2580-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventral pallidum (VP) is a well-established locus for the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse and reinstatement of drug seeking. However, VP neurons are at the origin of multiple output pathways, with strong projections to ventral tegmental area (VTA), subthalamic nucleus (STN), lateral hypothalamus, among others, and the roles of these VP output pathways in reinstatement of drug seeking remain poorly understood. Here we addressed these issues using a combination of neuroanatomical tracing and chemogenetic approaches. First, using dual-retrograde tracing, we show that VP neurons projecting to either VTA or STN are recruited during context-induced reinstatement of extinguished alcohol seeking in rats. Then, using chemogenetics, we show modulation of context-induced reinstatement and reacquisition of alcohol seeking via designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs excitation or inhibition of the VP. To determine the causal roles of VP → VTA and VP → STN pathways in context-induced reinstatement and reacquisition we used a chemogenetic disconnection approach and show that silencing either the VP → VTA or VP → STN pathways is sufficient to reduce both reinstatement and reacquisition of alcohol seeking. Moreover, these disconnections also each reduced responding and motivation during a progressive ratio test but had no effect on locomotor activity. Together, these results show that multiple ventral pallidal output pathways contribute to relapse to alcohol seeking. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ventral pallidum (VP) serves important roles in reward and motivation and is a critical node in the neural circuitry for reinstatement of drug seeking. Despite being a common locus for different forms of reinstatement, fundamental aspects of neural circuitry for these VP contributions to reinstatement of drug seeking remain unknown. Here we used a combination of neuroanatomical tracing and chemogenetic approaches to map the VP output pathways for context-induced reinstatement and reacquisition of alcohol seeking. We show that VP output pathways to the subthalamic nucleus and also to the ventral tegmental area are necessary for these forms of reinstatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheeta A Prasad
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
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661
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Gomes FV, Rincón-Cortés M, Grace AA. Adolescence as a period of vulnerability and intervention in schizophrenia: Insights from the MAM model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:260-270. [PMID: 27235082 PMCID: PMC5074867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of extensive neuroanatomical, functional and chemical reorganization of the brain, which parallels substantial maturational changes in behavior and cognition. Environmental factors that impinge on the timing of these developmental factors, including stress and drug exposure, increase the risk for psychiatric disorders. Indeed, antecedents to affective and psychotic disorders, which have clinical and pathophysiological overlap, are commonly associated with risk factors during adolescence that predispose to these disorders. In the context of schizophrenia, psychosis typically begins in late adolescence/early adulthood, which has been replicated by animal models. Rats exposed during gestational day (GD) 17 to the mitotoxin methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) exhibit behavioral, pharmacological, and anatomical characteristics consistent with an animal model of schizophrenia. Here we provide an overview of adolescent changes within the dopamine system and the PFC and review recent findings regarding the effects of stress and cannabis exposure during the peripubertal period as risk factors for the emergence of schizophrenia-like deficits. Finally, we discuss peripubertal interventions appearing to circumvent the emergence of adult schizophrenia-like deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe V Gomes
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, United States
| | | | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, United States.
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662
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Sokoloff P, Le Foll B. The dopamine D3 receptor, a quarter century later. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:2-19. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto ON Canada
- University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Can A, Zanos P, Moaddel R, Kang HJ, Dossou KSS, Wainer IW, Cheer JF, Frost DO, Huang XP, Gould TD. Effects of Ketamine and Ketamine Metabolites on Evoked Striatal Dopamine Release, Dopamine Receptors, and Monoamine Transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 359:159-70. [PMID: 27469513 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.235838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following administration at subanesthetic doses, (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) induces rapid and robust relief from symptoms of depression in treatment-refractory depressed patients. Previous studies suggest that ketamine's antidepressant properties involve enhancement of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. Ketamine is rapidly metabolized to (2S,6S)- and (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), which have antidepressant actions independent of N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor inhibition. These antidepressant actions of (2S,6S;2R,6R)-HNK, or other metabolites, as well as ketamine's side effects, including abuse potential, may be related to direct effects on components of the dopaminergic (DAergic) system. Here, brain and blood distribution/clearance and pharmacodynamic analyses at DA receptors (D1-D5) and the DA, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters were assessed for ketamine and its major metabolites (norketamine, dehydronorketamine, and HNKs). Additionally, we measured electrically evoked mesolimbic DA release and decay using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry following acute administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine (2, 10, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.). Following ketamine injection, ketamine, norketamine, and multiple hydroxynorketamines were detected in the plasma and brain of mice. Dehydronorketamine was detectable in plasma, but concentrations were below detectable limits in the brain. Ketamine did not alter the magnitude or kinetics of evoked DA release in the nucleus accumbens in anesthetized mice. Neither ketamine's enantiomers nor its metabolites had affinity for DA receptors or the DA, noradrenaline, and serotonin transporters (up to 10 μM). These results suggest that neither the side effects nor antidepressant actions of ketamine or ketamine metabolites are associated with direct effects on mesolimbic DAergic neurotransmission. Previously observed in vivo changes in DAergic neurotransmission following ketamine administration are likely indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Can
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Katinia S S Dossou
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Douglas O Frost
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry (A.C., P.Z., J.F.C., D.O.F., T.D.G.), Department of Pharmacology (D.O.F, T.D.G), and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.F.C, T.D.G), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M., K.S.S.D., I.W.W.); National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.J.K., X.-P.H.); and Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, Connecticut (I.W.W.)
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