651
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Galuska CE, Dambon JA, Kühnle A, Bornhöfft KF, Prem G, Zlatina K, Lütteke T, Galuska SP. Artificial Polysialic Acid Chains as Sialidase-Resistant Molecular-Anchors to Accumulate Particles on Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1229. [PMID: 29033944 PMCID: PMC5626807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are involved in numerous immunological events. One mechanism of neutrophils to combat pathogens is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Thereby, neutrophils use DNA fibers to form a meshwork of DNA and histones as well as several antimicrobial components to trap and kill invaders. However, the formation of NETs can lead to pathological conditions triggering among other things (e.g., sepsis or acute lung failure), which is mainly a consequence of the cytotoxic characteristics of accumulated extracellular histones. Interestingly, the carbohydrate polysialic acid represents a naturally occurring antagonist of the cytotoxic properties of extracellular histones. Inspired by polysialylated vesicles, we developed polysialylated nanoparticles. Since sialidases are frequently present in areas of NET formation, we protected the sensitive non-reducing end of these homopolymers. To this end, the terminal sialic acid residue of the non-reducing end was oxidized and directly coupled to nanoparticles. The covalently linked sialidase-resistant polysialic acid chains are still able to neutralize histone-mediated cytotoxicity and to initiate binding of these polysialylated particles to NET filaments. Furthermore, polysialylated fluorescent microspheres can be used as a bioanalytical tool to stain NET fibers. Thus, polySia chains might not only be a useful agent to reduce histone-mediated cytotoxicity but also an anchor to accumulate nanoparticles loaded with active substances in areas of NET formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan A Dambon
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kühnle
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Kim F Bornhöfft
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Gerlinde Prem
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lütteke
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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652
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Mazet J, Michallet MC. [Neutrophil: an infiltrated agent with new antitumor skills]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:744-747. [PMID: 28945564 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173308019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mazet
- Master cancer, ISPB (institut des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques) - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | - Marie-Cécile Michallet
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, centre Léon Bérard, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
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653
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Carpentieri AR, Peralta Lopez ME, Aguilar J, Solá VM. Melatonin and periodontal tissues: Molecular and clinical perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:224-231. [PMID: 28918172 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a frequent chronic inflammatory pathology that implies the destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth, which represents a high sanitary cost. It usually appears associated with other systemic conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, depression and Alzheimer disease among others. The presence of melatonin and its receptors in the oral cavity supports the hypothesis that this hormone could play a role in homeostasis of periodontal tissues. In the present review we will discuss the potential role of melatonin, a circadian synchronizing hormone, with proved antiinflammatory and antioxidant profile, in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis. Particular emphasis will be placed on the role of the indolamine in the treatment of periodontal disease when this oral condition is comorbid with other pathologies that would also benefit from the therapeutic potential of melatonin and its analogs through diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Rita Carpentieri
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; INICSA/UNC-CONICET, Enrique Barros esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Elena Peralta Lopez
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Clínica Médica II, Hospital San Roque, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier Aguilar
- Instituto Dr. José M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra "B" de Introducción a la Física y Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Mariana Solá
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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654
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Heineke MH, van der Steen LPE, Korthouwer RM, Hage JJ, Langedijk JPM, Benschop JJ, Bakema JE, Slootstra JW, van Egmond M. Peptide mimetics of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and FcαRI block IgA-induced human neutrophil activation and migration. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1835-1845. [PMID: 28736835 PMCID: PMC5659136 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cross‐linking of the IgA Fc receptor (FcαRI) by IgA induces release of the chemoattractant LTB4, thereby recruiting neutrophils in a positive feedback loop. IgA autoantibodies of patients with autoimmune blistering skin diseases therefore induce massive recruitment of neutrophils, resulting in severe tissue damage. To interfere with neutrophil mobilization and reduce disease morbidity, we developed a panel of specific peptides mimicking either IgA or FcαRI sequences. CLIPS technology was used to stabilize three‐dimensional structures and to increase peptides’ half‐life. IgA and FcαRI peptides reduced phagocytosis of IgA‐coated beads, as well as IgA‐induced ROS production and neutrophil migration in in vitro and ex vivo (human skin) experiments. Since topical application would be the preferential route of administration, Cetomacrogol cream containing an IgA CLIPS peptide was developed. In the presence of a skin permeation enhancer, peptides in this cream were shown to penetrate the skin, while not diffusing systemically. Finally, epitope mapping was used to discover sequences important for binding between IgA and FcαRI. In conclusion, a cream containing IgA or FcαRI peptide mimetics, which block IgA‐induced neutrophil activation and migration in the skin may have therapeutic potential for patients with IgA‐mediated blistering skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke H Heineke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia P E van der Steen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne M Korthouwer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Joris Hage
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joris J Benschop
- Pepscan Therapeutics, Zuidersluisweg 2, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jantine E Bakema
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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655
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Sacco P, Decleva E, Tentor F, Menegazzi R, Borgogna M, Paoletti S, Kristiansen KA, Vårum KM, Marsich E. Butyrate-Loaded Chitosan/Hyaluronan Nanoparticles: A Suitable Tool for Sustained Inhibition of ROS Release by Activated Neutrophils. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28869330 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue damage caused by excessive amounts of neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in many inflammatory diseases. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) with known anti-inflammatory properties, able to modulate several neutrophil functions. Evidence is provided here that butyrate inhibits neutrophil ROS release in a dose and time-dependent fashion. Given the short half-life of butyrate, chitosan/hyaluronan nanoparticles are next designed and developed as controlled release carriers able to provide cells with a long-lasting supply of this SCFA. Notably, while the inhibition of neutrophil ROS production by free butyrate declines over time, that of butyrate-loaded chitosan/hyaluronan nanoparticles (B-NPs) is sustained. Additional valuable features of these nanoparticles are inherent ROS scavenger activity, resistance to cell internalization, and mucoadhesiveness. B-NPs appear as promising tools to limit ROS-dependent tissue injury during inflammation. Particularly, by virtue of their mucoadhesiveness, B-NPs administered by enema can be effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eva Decleva
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Tentor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345C, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Renzo Menegazzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Borgogna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kåre Andre Kristiansen
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjell Morten Vårum
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129, Trieste, Italy
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656
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Zhang X, Shi Q, Wang C, Wang G. Differential susceptibility of mouse strains on pancreatic injury and regeneration in cerulein-induced pancreatitis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:9934-9944. [PMID: 31966883 PMCID: PMC6966007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP), a common disease, causes significant morbidity and mortality in clinical practice. Our objective of this study was to establish an experimental mouse AP model with cerulein treatment and to explore the susceptibility of mouse strains on the severity of pancreatic injury and the subsequent repair and regeneration. C57BL/6 and FVB/N mouse strains were used in this study. AP model was induced by six hourly intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of cerulein dissolved in saline (100 μg/kg) administered on four consecutive days. Animals were sacrificed on 1, 3 and 7 days after last cerulein treatment, and then pancreas tissues were harvested and subjected to various histological, cellular and molecular analysis. Analyses of pancreatic injury and pancreatic amylase expression indicated that this cerulein-induced AP model was established successfully and that FVB/N mice showed more severe pancreatic injury and poor recovery compared to C57BL/6 strain. Analyses of myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-1β and NF-κB showed that FVB/N strain exhibited more severe inflammation in the pancreas compared to C57BL/6 mice. Immunofluorescence analysis of activated caspase-3 and TUNEL assay indicated that the pancreas of FVB/N strain had more apoptosis compared to C57BL/6 mice. Analysis of Ki67 indicated FVB/N mice experienced more active proliferation compared to C57BL/6 strain. Collectively, these results demonstrated that there exists differential susceptibility on pancreatic injury and regeneration between FVB/N and C57BL/6 mice in the cerulein-induced AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuse, New York, USA
| | - Qiao Shi
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuse, New York, USA
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuse, New York, USA
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657
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Xavier-Elsas P, Ferreira RN, Gaspar-Elsas MIC. Surgical and immune reconstitution murine models in bone marrow research: Potential for exploring mechanisms in sepsis, trauma and allergy. World J Exp Med 2017; 7:58-77. [PMID: 28890868 PMCID: PMC5571450 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v7.i3.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow, the vital organ which maintains lifelong hemopoiesis, currently receives considerable attention, as a source of multiple cell types which may play important roles in repair at distant sites. This emerging function, distinct from, but closely related to, bone marrow roles in innate immunity and inflammation, has been characterized through a number of strategies. However, the use of surgical models in this endeavour has hitherto been limited. Surgical strategies allow the experimenter to predetermine the site, timing, severity and invasiveness of injury; to add or remove aggravating factors (such as infection and defects in immunity) in controlled ways; and to manipulate the context of repair, including reconstitution with selected immune cell subpopulations. This endows surgical models overall with great potential for exploring bone marrow responses to injury, inflammation and infection, and its roles in repair and regeneration. We review three different murine surgical models, which variously combine trauma with infection, antigenic stimulation, or immune reconstitution, thereby illuminating different aspects of the bone marrow response to systemic injury in sepsis, trauma and allergy. They are: (1) cecal ligation and puncture, a versatile model of polymicrobial sepsis; (2) egg white implant, an intriguing model of eosinophilia induced by a combination of trauma and sensitization to insoluble allergen; and (3) ectopic lung tissue transplantation, which allows us to dissect afferent and efferent mechanisms leading to accumulation of hemopoietic cells in the lungs. These models highlight the gain in analytical power provided by the association of surgical and immunological strategies.
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658
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Coorens M, Schneider VAF, de Groot AM, van Dijk A, Meijerink M, Wells JM, Scheenstra MR, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Cathelicidins Inhibit Escherichia coli-Induced TLR2 and TLR4 Activation in a Viability-Dependent Manner. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:1418-1428. [PMID: 28710255 PMCID: PMC5544931 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the immune system needs to be tightly regulated to provide protection against infections and, at the same time, to prevent excessive inflammation to limit collateral damage to the host. This tight regulation includes regulating the activation of TLRs, which are key players in the recognition of invading microbes. A group of short cationic antimicrobial peptides, called cathelicidins, have previously been shown to modulate TLR activation by synthetic or purified TLR ligands and may play an important role in the regulation of inflammation during infections. However, little is known about how these cathelicidins affect TLR activation in the context of complete and viable bacteria. In this article, we show that chicken cathelicidin-2 kills Escherichia coli in an immunogenically silent fashion. Our results show that chicken cathelicidin-2 kills E. coli by permeabilizing the bacterial inner membrane and subsequently binds the outer membrane-derived lipoproteins and LPS to inhibit TLR2 and TLR4 activation, respectively. In addition, other cathelicidins, including human, mouse, pig, and dog cathelicidins, which lack antimicrobial activity under cell culture conditions, only inhibit macrophage activation by nonviable E. coli In total, this study shows that cathelicidins do not affect immune activation by viable bacteria and only inhibit inflammation when bacterial viability is lost. Therefore, cathelicidins provide a novel mechanism by which the immune system can discriminate between viable and nonviable Gram-negative bacteria to tune the immune response, thereby limiting collateral damage to the host and the risk for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Coorens
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viktoria A F Schneider
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Marit de Groot
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Meijerink
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands;
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659
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Dos Santos JC, Grund LZ, Seibert CS, Marques EE, Soares AB, Quesniaux VF, Ryffel B, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C. Stingray venom activates IL-33 producing cardiomyocytes, but not mast cell, to promote acute neutrophil-mediated injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7912. [PMID: 28801624 PMCID: PMC5554156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of acute inflammation is neutrophil infiltration of tissues. We investigated molecular mechanisms implicated in acute neutrophilic inflammation induced by the venom of a freshwater stingray (Potamotrygon cf. henlei) in mice. Ray venom induced early mobilization of neutrophil in the microvasculature of cremaster mice and infiltration of the peritoneal cavity 2 hours after injury, in a dose-response manner. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and KC were produced. The neutrophilic infiltration did not occur in mice with ST2 receptor and MyD88 adapters neutralized, or in those with PI3K and p38 MAPK signaling blocked. Drastic reduction of neutrophil infiltration to peritoneal cavities was observed in ST2−/−, TLR2/TLR4−/−, MyD88−/−, TRIF−/− and IL-17A−/− mice, and a partial reduction was observed in IL-18R−/− mice. Mast cell Kit W(sh)/W(sh)-, AHR-, NLRP3-, ICE-, IL-1β-, P2RX7-, CD39-, IL-17RA-, and TBX21 KO mice retain the ability to induce neutrophilia in peritoneal cavity after ray venom injection. IL-6 and TNF-α alone were insufficient for promote neutrophilia in the absence of ST2 signaling. Finally, abundant production of IL-33 by cardiomyocytes was observed. These results refine our understanding of the importance of the IL-33/ST2 axis and IL-33-producing cardiomyocytes in the early acute neutrophilia induced by freshwater stingray venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidiane Zito Grund
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology(CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valerie F Quesniaux
- Allergy and Lung Inflammation Unit of the Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics (CNRS), Orléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Allergy and Lung Inflammation Unit of the Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics (CNRS), Orléans, France
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology(CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology(CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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660
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Dayam RM, Sun CX, Choy CH, Mancuso G, Glogauer M, Botelho RJ. The Lipid Kinase PIKfyve Coordinates the Neutrophil Immune Response through the Activation of the Rac GTPase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2096-2105. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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661
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Witter AR, Okunnu BM, Berg RE. The Essential Role of Neutrophils during Infection with the Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 197:1557-65. [PMID: 27543669 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils have historically been characterized as first responder cells vital to host survival because of their ability to contain and eliminate bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, recent studies have shown that neutrophils participate in both protective and detrimental responses to a diverse array of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although the contribution of neutrophils to extracellular infections has been investigated for decades, their specific role during intracellular bacterial infections has only recently been appreciated. During infection with the Gram-positive intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, neutrophils are recruited from the bone marrow to sites of infection where they use novel bacterial-sensing pathways leading to phagocytosis and production of bactericidal factors. This review summarizes the requirement of neutrophils during L. monocytogenes infection by examining both neutrophil trafficking and function during primary and secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Witter
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Busola M Okunnu
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Rance E Berg
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
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662
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Yurkin ST, Wang Z. Cell membrane-derived nanoparticles: emerging clinical opportunities for targeted drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2007-2019. [PMID: 28745122 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofunctionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) is an essential component in targeted drug delivery. However, current nanotechnology remains inadequate to imitate complex intercellular interactions existing in physiological conditions in human bodies. Emerging concepts have been explored to utilize human cells to generate cell membrane-formed NPs because cells retain inherent abilities to interact with human tissues compared with synthetic nanomaterials. Neutrophils, red blood cells (RBCs), platelets and monocytes have been employed to form therapeutic NPs to treat vascular disease and cancer, and these novel drug delivery platforms show the translation potential to improve patient quality of life. In this review, we will discuss the concept of cell membrane-formed NPs, the molecular mechanisms of their disease targeting and the potential of personalized nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana T Yurkin
- College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
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663
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From Inflammation to Current and Alternative Therapies Involved in Wound Healing. Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:3406215. [PMID: 28811953 PMCID: PMC5547704 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3406215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex event that develops in three overlapping phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. These phases are distinct in function and histological characteristics. However, they depend on the interaction of cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, and chemical mediators from cells to perform regulatory events. In this article, we will review the pathway in the skin healing cascade, relating the major chemical inflammatory mediators, cellular and molecular, as well as demonstrating the local and systemic factors that interfere in healing and disorders associated with tissue repair deficiency. Finally, we will discuss the current therapeutic interventions in the wounds treatment, and the alternative therapies used as promising results in the development of new products with healing potential.
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664
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Scapini P, Marini O, Tecchio C, Cassatella MA. Human neutrophils in the saga of cellular heterogeneity: insights and open questions. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:48-60. [PMID: 27558327 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have uncovered novel fascinating aspects of the biology of neutrophils, which ultimately attribute to these cells a broader role in inflammation and immunity. One aspect that is currently under intensive investigation is the notion of neutrophil 'heterogeneity'. Studies examining neutrophils in a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions report, in fact, the recovery of CD66b(+) cells displaying neutrophil-like morphology at different degrees of maturation/activation, able to exert either immunosuppressive or proinflammatory properties. These heterogeneous populations of mature and immature neutrophils are indicated with a variety of names, including 'low density neutrophils (LDNs)', 'low density granulocytes (LDGs)', 'granulocytic-myeloid derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs)', and immunosuppressive neutrophils. However, due to the lack of discrete markers that can unequivocally allow their specific identification and isolation, the precise phenotype and function of all these presumably novel, neutrophil-like, populations have not been correctly defined yet. Aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge on the mature and immature neutrophil populations described to date, featuring immunosuppressive or proinflammatory properties, often defined as 'subsets', as well as to critically discuss unresolved issues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Scapini
- Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Olivia Marini
- Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Tecchio
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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665
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Gurol T, Zhou W, Deng Q. MicroRNAs in neutrophils: potential next generation therapeutics for inflammatory ailments. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:29-47. [PMID: 27558326 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play fundamental roles in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and directly contribute to the immune pathologies in both infectious and autoimmune ailments. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate homeostasis in health and disease by fine tuning the expression of a network of genes through post-transcriptional regulation. Many miRs are expressed in restricted tissues, regulated by stress and disease, and are emerging as mediators for intercellular communication. MiR profiles have been recently utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostic purposes. In addition, several miRs are in clinical development for various diseases. A short list of miRs that regulate hematopoiesis and neutrophil development is identified. Unfortunately, very limited information is available regarding how miRs regulate neutrophil migration and activation in vivo. Extensive future work is required, especially in animal models such as mice, to illustrate the pivotal and complex miR-mediated regulatory network. In addition, zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism with conserved innate immunity, potentiated by the availability of imaging and genetic tools, will provide a platform for rapid discovery and characterization of miRs that are relevant to neutrophilic inflammation. Advances in this field are expected to provide the foundation for highly selective miR-based therapy to manipulate neutrophils in infection and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Gurol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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666
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Chen X, Li SJ, Ojcius DM, Sun AH, Hu WL, Lin X, Yan J. Mononuclear-macrophages but not neutrophils act as major infiltrating anti-leptospiral phagocytes during leptospirosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181014. [PMID: 28700741 PMCID: PMC5507415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the major infiltrating phagocytes during leptospirosis and examine the killing mechanism used by the host to eliminate Leptospira interrogans. METHODS Major infiltrating phagocytes in Leptospira-infected C3H/HeJ mice were detected by immunohistochemistry. Chemokines and vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules (VECAMs) of Leptospira-infected mice and leptospirosis patients were detected by microarray and immunohistochemistry. Leptospira-phagocytosing and -killing abilities of human or mouse macrophages and neutrophils, and the roles of intracellular ROS, NO and [Ca2+]i in Leptospira-killing process were evaluated by confocal microscopy and spectrofluorimetry. RESULTS Peripheral blood mononuclear-macrophages rather than neutrophils were the main infiltrating phagocytes in the lungs, liver and kidneys of infected mice. Levels of macrophage- but not neutrophil-specific chemokines and VECAMs were significantly increased in the samples from infected mice and patients. All macrophages tested had a higher ability than neutrophils to phagocytose and kill leptospires. Higher ROS and NO levels and [Ca2+]i in the macrophages were involved in killing leptospires. Human macrophages displayed more phagolysosome formation and a stronger leptospire-killing ability to than mouse macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Mononuclear-macrophages but not neutrophils represent the main infiltrating and anti-leptospiral phagocytes during leptospirosis. A lower level of phagosome-lysosome fusion may be responsible for the lower Leptospira-killing ability of human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ai-Hua Sun
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xu’ai Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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667
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Meng X, Sun W, Ren Y, Xiao Y, Zhao P, Lu W, Hua L, Wang L, Wang L, Yu Y. Protective role of surface Toll-like receptor 9 expressing neutrophils in local inflammation during systemic inflammatory response syndrome in mice. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:74-86. [PMID: 28704709 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) occurs after serious trauma or sepsis. In sepsis, neutrophils are the major effector cells responsible for eliminating pathogens. However, the role of neutrophils in development of SIRS, especially in local inflammatory area, is controversial. In this study, we established a SIRS mouse model characterized with cytokine-mediated lethal shock by intraperitoneal injection of oligodexynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) in D-galactosamine (D-GalN) sensitized mice based on our previous work and found that abundant neutrophils were rapidly recruited into the peritoneal cavity, where some neutrophils expressed surface TLR9 (sTLR9), defined as sTLR9+ neutrophils. Along with the progression of SIRS, the expression of sTLR9 in sTLR9+ neutrophils isolated from peritoneal lavage cells (PLCs) was declined in accompany with an increase in the level of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα and a decrease in the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in Ly6G+ PLCs. When using CCT ODN, an oligodeoxynucleotide with CCT repeats, which we have previously shown to be capable of rescuing mice from lethal shock, the expression of sTLR9 on neutrophils was significantly elevated. Adoptive therapy using early recruited neutrophil-rich PLCs containing sTLR9+ neutrophils that express high levels of sTLR9, could rescue mice from SIRS. Overall, the data reveal that the early recruited sTLR9+ neutrophils may, at least in the area of local inflammation, play a protective role during SIRS development and provide a method to rescue the patients with severe SIRS via the up-regulation of sTLR9 levels on the surface of neutrophils or via adoptive therapy with protective sub-populations of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Meng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunjia Ren
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peiyan Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Luowei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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668
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Gallo J, Raska M, Kriegova E, Goodman SB. Inflammation and its resolution and the musculoskeletal system. J Orthop Translat 2017; 10:52-67. [PMID: 28781962 PMCID: PMC5541893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, an essential tissue response to extrinsic/intrinsic damage, is a very dynamic process in terms of complexity and extension of cellular and metabolic involvement. The aim of the inflammatory response is to eliminate the pathogenic initiator with limited collateral damage of the inflamed tissue, followed by a complex tissue repair to the preinflammation phenotype. Persistent inflammation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of many musculoskeletal diseases including ageing-related pathologies such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopaenia. Understanding the mechanisms of inflammation and its resolution is therefore critical for the development of effective regenerative, and therapeutic strategies in orthopaedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, Redwood City, CA 94063-6342, USA
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669
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Nikfarjam BA, Hajiali F, Adineh M, Nassiri-Asl M. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Quercetin and Vitexin on Activated Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophils: - The effects of quercetin and vitexin on human neutrophils. J Pharmacopuncture 2017; 20:127-131. [PMID: 30087790 PMCID: PMC5532472 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2017.20.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) constitute the first line of defense against invading microbial pathogens. Early events in inflammation involve the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of injury or damage where changes in intracellular calcium can cause the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators from neutrophils including superoxide generation, degranulation and release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), productions of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and adhesion to the vascular endothelium. To address the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, in the present study, we investigated the effects of the flavonoids quercetin and vitexin on the stimulus-induced nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, and MPO productions in human neutrophils. Methods Human peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated, and their viabilities were determined by using the Trypan Blue exclusion test. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) preparations contained more than 98% neutrophils as determined by morphological examination with Giemsa staining. The viabilities of cultured neutrophils with various concentrations of quercetin and vitexin (1 – 100 μM) were studied using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Neutrophils were cultured in complete Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium, pre-incubated with or without quercetin and vitexin (25 μM) for 45 min, and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (10−7 M). NO production was carried out through nitrite determination by using the Griess method. Also, the TNF-α and the MPO productions were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and MPO assay kits. Results Neutrophil viability was not affected up to a concentration of 100 μM of quercetin or vitexin. Both quercetin and vitexin significantly inhibited TNF-α, NO, and MPO productions in human neutrophils (P < 0.001). Conclusion The present study showed that both quercetin and vitexin had significant anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, treatment with either quercetin or vitexin may be considered as a therapeutic strategy for treating patients with neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Abd Nikfarjam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farid Hajiali
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohtaram Adineh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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670
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Liu Y, Hu Y, Gu F, Liang J, Zeng Y, Hong X, Zhang K, Liu L. Phenotypic and clinical characterization of low density neutrophils in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90969-90978. [PMID: 29207617 PMCID: PMC5710898 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose An immunosuppressive subgroup of neutrophils, low density neutrophils (LDNs) was reported to be closely related to several diseases. This study was designed to explore the association between LDNs and advanced lung adenocarcinoma, as well as potential mechanisms. Results The expression levels of surface CD molecules on LDNs were different from high density neutrophils (HDNs), consistent with previous studies. The ratio of LDNs/HDNs, rather than the percentage of LDNs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma patients than healthy controls. It was also observed that the ratio decreased when patients received anti-cancer treatments, and increased when disease relapsed. Patients harboring positive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation had significantly higher ratios. Both the ratio and the percentage showed positive correlation with CD8+ T cells. Although significantly increased TGF-β was detected in lung adenocarcinoma patients, relationship between TGF-β and LDNs was not obvious. Materials and Methods LDNs and HDNs levels of peripheral blood from 52 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 13 healthy controls were determined by flow cytometry. Lymphocytes and cytokines were also detected. Conclusions Two kinds of neutrophils with different phenotypes were identified in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Besides, we found the existence of high ratio of LDNs/HDNs in these patients, which is related to disease prognosis, EGFR mutation and bad immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Feifei Gu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinyan Liang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yulan Zeng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaohua Hong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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671
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Métayer LE, Vilalta A, Burke GAA, Brown GC. Anti-CD47 antibodies induce phagocytosis of live, malignant B cells by macrophages via the Fc domain, resulting in cell death by phagoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60892-60903. [PMID: 28977832 PMCID: PMC5617392 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
When expressed on the surface of cells, CD47 inhibits phagocytosis of these cells by phagocytes. Most human cancers overexpress CD47, and antibodies to CD47 have shown a remarkable ability to clear a range of cancers in animal models. However, the mechanism by which these antibodies cause cancer cell death is unclear. We find that CD47 is expressed on the surface of three B-cell lines from human malignancies: 697 (pre-B-ALL lymphoblasts), Ramos and DG-75 (both mature B-cells, Burkitt’s lymphoma), and anti-CD47 antibodies greatly increase the phagocytosis of all three cell line by macrophages. In the presence of macrophages, the antibodies cause clearance of the lymphoblasts within hours, but in the absence of macrophages, the antibodies have no effect on lymphoblast viability. Macrophages engulf viable lymphoblasts containing mitochondria with a normal membrane potential, but following engulfment the mitochondrial membrane potential is lost indicating a loss of viability. Inhibition of phagocytosis protects lymphoblasts from death indicating that phagocytosis is required for anti-CD47 mediated cell death. Blocking either the antibody Fc domain or Fc receptors inhibits antibody-induced phagocytosis. Antibodies against cell surface markers CD10 or CD19 also induced Fc-domain-dependent phagocytosis, but at a lower level commensurate with expression. Thus, phagoptosis may contribute to the efficacy of a number of therapeutic antibodies used in cancer therapy, as well as potentially endogenous antibodies. We conclude that anti-CD47 antibodies induce phagocytosis by binding CD47 on lymphoblast and Fc receptors on macrophages, resulting in cell death by phagocytosis, i.e. phagoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Métayer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Vilalta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G A Amos Burke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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672
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Stoikou M, Grimolizzi F, Giaglis S, Schäfer G, van Breda SV, Hoesli IM, Lapaire O, Huhn EA, Hasler P, Rossi SW, Hahn S. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Altered Neutrophil Activity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:702. [PMID: 28659928 PMCID: PMC5469883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a unique form of glucose intolerance, in that it is transient and solely occurs in pregnancy. Pregnancies with GDM are at high risk of developing preeclampsia (PE), a leading cause of fetal and maternal morbidity or mortality. Since PE is associated with excessive activation of circulatory neutrophils and occurrence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in affected placentae, we examined these features in cases with GDM, as this could be a feature linking the two conditions. Our data indicate that neutrophil activity is indeed altered in GDM, exhibiting pronounced activation and spontaneous generation of NETs by isolated neutrophils in in vitro culture. In this manner, GDM may similarly affect neutrophil behavior and NET formation as witnessed in other forms of diabetes, with the addition of the physiological changes mediated by pregnancy. Since circulatory TNF-α levels are elevated in cases with GDM, a feature also observed in this study, we examined whether this pro-inflammatory cytokine contributed to neutrophil activation. By using infliximab, a clinically utilized TNF-α antagonist, we observed that the pro-NETotic effect of GDM sera was significantly reduced. We also detected pronounced neutrophil infiltrates in placentae from GDM cases. The occurrence of NETs in these tissues is suggested by the extracellular co-localization of citrullinated histones and myeloperoxidase. In addition, elevated neutrophil elastase (NE) mRNA and active enzymatic protein were also detected in such placentae. This latter finding could be important in the context of previous studies in cancer or diabetes model systems, which indicated that NE liberated from infiltrating neutrophils enters surrounding cells, altering cell signaling by the degradation of IRS1. These findings could potentiate the underlying inflammatory response process in GDM and possibly open an avenue for the therapeutic interventions in gestational hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stoikou
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franco Grimolizzi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stavros Giaglis
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Rheumatology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Günther Schäfer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shane Vontelin van Breda
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Olav Lapaire
- University Women's Hospital, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evelyn A Huhn
- University Women's Hospital, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hasler
- Department of Rheumatology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Simona W Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sinuhe Hahn
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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673
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Lauridsen HM, Pellowe AS, Ramanathan A, Liu R, Miller-Jensen K, McNiff JM, Pober JS, Gonzalez AL. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and IL-17A Activation Induces Pericyte-Mediated Basement Membrane Remodeling in Human Neutrophilic Dermatoses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1893-1906. [PMID: 28609645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sweet syndrome (SS) is a prototypical neutrophilic dermatosis, a class of inflammatory diseases marked by elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17A, pathologic neutrophil recruitment, and microvascular remodeling. Histologic analyses of four matrix proteins-collagen I and IV, laminin, and fibronectin-in skin biopsies of patients with SS reveal that the basement membrane of dermal postcapillary venules undergoes changes in structure and composition. Increased neutrophil recruitment in vivo was associated with increases in collagen IV, decreases in laminin, and varied changes in fibronectin. In vitro studies using TNF-α and IL-17A were conducted to dissect basement membrane remodeling. Prolonged dual activation of cultured human pericytes with TNF-α and IL-17A augmented collagen IV production, similar to in vivo remodeling. Co-activation of pericytes with TNF-α and IL-17A also elevated fibronectin levels with little direct effect on laminin. However, the expression of fibronectin- and laminin-specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-3, was significantly up-regulated. Interactions between pericytes and neutrophils in culture yielded even higher levels of active MMPs, facilitating fibronectin and laminin degradation, and likely contributing to the varied levels of detectable fibronectin and the decreases in laminin observed in vivo. These data indicate that pericyte-neutrophil interactions play a role in mediating microvascular changes in SS and suggest that targeting MMP-3 may be effective in protecting vascular wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Lauridsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amanda S Pellowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Jennifer M McNiff
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anjelica L Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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674
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Del Prete A, Schioppa T, Tiberio L, Stabile H, Sozzani S. Leukocyte trafficking in tumor microenvironment. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 35:40-47. [PMID: 28577499 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of both malignant and non-malignant cells and a plethora of soluble mediators. Different types of tumors have specific tumor microenvironments characterized by distinct chemokines and chemotactic factors that influence leukocyte recruitment. The immune cell infiltrate continuously interacts with stroma cells and influence tumor growth. Emerging evidence suggests that the regulation of the composition and the metabolic state of tumor-associated leukocytes may represent a new promising intervention strategy. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the role of tumor-associated immune cells in tumor growth and dissemination, with a specific focus on the nature of the chemotactic factors responsible for their accumulation and activation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-Milan, Italy.
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675
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Sahakian E, Chen J, Powers JJ, Chen X, Maharaj K, Deng SL, Achille AN, Lienlaf M, Wang HW, Cheng F, Sodré AL, Distler A, Xing L, Perez-Villarroel P, Wei S, Villagra A, Seto E, Sotomayor EM, Horna P, Pinilla-Ibarz J. Essential role for histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) in neutrophil biology. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:475-486. [PMID: 28550123 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0415-176rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes in chromatin structure have been recently associated with the deregulated expression of critical genes in normal and malignant processes. HDAC11, the newest member of the HDAC family of enzymes, functions as a negative regulator of IL-10 expression in APCs, as previously described by our lab. However, at the present time, its role in other hematopoietic cells, specifically in neutrophils, has not been fully explored. In this report, for the first time, we present a novel physiologic role for HDAC11 as a multifaceted regulator of neutrophils. Thus far, we have been able to demonstrate a lineage-restricted overexpression of HDAC11 in neutrophils and committed neutrophil precursors (promyelocytes). Additionally, we show that HDAC11 appears to associate with the transcription machinery, possibly regulating the expression of inflammatory and migratory genes in neutrophils. Given the prevalence of neutrophils in the peripheral circulation and their central role in the first line of defense, our results highlight a unique and novel role for HDAC11. With the consideration of the emergence of new, selective HDAC11 inhibitors, we believe that our findings will have significant implications in a wide range of diseases spanning malignancies, autoimmunity, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sahakian
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA; .,Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John J Powers
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Xianghong Chen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kamira Maharaj
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Susan L Deng
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Alex N Achille
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Maritza Lienlaf
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hong Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Fengdong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andressa L Sodré
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Allison Distler
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Limin Xing
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ed Seto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eduardo M Sotomayor
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Pedro Horna
- Department of Hematopathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA; and
| | - Javier Pinilla-Ibarz
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA; .,Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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676
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Abstract
Infection with M. tuberculosis remains one of the most common infections in the world. The outcome of the infection depends on host ability to mount effective protection and balance inflammatory responses. Neutrophils are innate immune cells implicated in both processes. Accordingly, during M. tuberculosis infection, they play a dual role. Particularly, they contribute to the generation of effector T cells, participate in the formation of granuloma, and are directly involved in tissue necrosis, destruction, and infection dissemination. Neutrophils have a high bactericidal potential. However, data on their ability to eliminate M. tuberculosis are controversial, and the results of neutrophil depletion experiments are not uniform. Thus, the overall roles of neutrophils during M. tuberculosis infection and factors that determine these roles are not fully understood. This review analyzes data on neutrophil defensive and pathological functions during tuberculosis and considers hypotheses explaining the dualism of neutrophils during M. tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease.
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677
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678
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Lee C, Geng S, Zhang Y, Rahtes A, Li L. Programming and memory dynamics of innate leukocytes during tissue homeostasis and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:719-726. [PMID: 28476750 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.6mr0117-027rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of innate immunity is witnessing a paradigm shift regarding "memory" and "programming" dynamics. Past studies of innate leukocytes characterized them as first responders to danger signals with no memory. However, recent findings suggest that innate leukocytes, such as monocytes and neutrophils, are capable of "memorizing" not only the chemical nature but also the history and dosages of external stimulants. As a consequence, innate leukocytes can be dynamically programmed or reprogrammed into complex inflammatory memory states. Key examples of innate leukocyte memory dynamics include the development of primed and tolerant monocytes when "programmed" with a variety of inflammatory stimulants at varying signal strengths. The development of innate leukocyte memory may have far-reaching translational implications, as programmed innate leukocytes may affect the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review intends to critically discuss some of the recent studies that address this emerging concept and its implication in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and
| | - Allison Rahtes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and
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679
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Gao J, Wang S, Wang Z. High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy. Biomaterials 2017; 135:62-73. [PMID: 28494264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. However, the translation of EVs is hindered by the heterogeneous composition, low yield, inefficient drug loading and unlikely scalability. Here we report a strategy to generate EVs using nitrogen cavitation (NC-EVs) that instantly disrupts neutrophils to form nanosized membrane vesicles. NC-EVs are similar to naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs), but contain less subcellular organelles and nuclear acids. The production of NC-EVs was increased by 16 folds and is easy to scale up for clinical use compared to NS-EVs. To examine the usefulness of NC-EVs as a drug delivery platform, piceatannol (an anti-inflammation drug) was remotely loaded in NC-EVs via the pH gradient. We found that piceatannol-loaded NC-EVs dramatically alleviated acute lung inflammation/injury and sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.
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680
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Weiser C, Schwameis M, Sterz F, Herkner H, Lang IM, Schwarzinger I, Spiel AO. Mortality in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest based on automated blood cell count and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio at admission. Resuscitation 2017; 116:49-55. [PMID: 28476480 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio(NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that admission NLR is related to mortality and that epinephrine application during resuscitation influences NLR in patients after successful resuscitation from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS This retrospective cohort study is based on a registry including all OHCA patients who had a presumed cardiac cause of cardiac arrest and achieved sustained ROSC prior to admission between 2005 and 2014. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the calculated NLR at admission (NLR <6, ≥6, and 'abnormal differential' indicating no differential blood cell count on patients report due to exceedance of machine predefined parameter limits). The primary outcome measure was long-term mortality after OHCA. Cox proportional hazards models were used for multivariable analysis. RESULTS Out of 2273 OHCA patients during the study period a total of 1188(52%) patients were eligible for analysis, of those 274(23%) were female and mean age was 64 (25-75 IQR:52-72). Compared to a NLR<6 (n=442), adjusted hazard ratio for long-term mortality was significantly higher in patients with a NLR≥6 (n=447; 1.52 (95%CI 1.03-2.24)) and in patients with abnormal differential (n=299; 3.16 (95%CI 2.02-4.97)). Epinephrine application during resuscitation did not explain the effect of NLR on mortality. CONCLUSION In this large retrospective cohort study of altogether >1000 OHCA patients, hospital admission NLR<6 compared to abnormal differential or NLR≥6 was associated with mortality independently from epinephrine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Weiser
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Schwameis
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Sterz
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herkner
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M Lang
- Departments of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwarzinger
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander O Spiel
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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681
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Reber LL, Gillis CM, Starkl P, Jönsson F, Sibilano R, Marichal T, Gaudenzio N, Bérard M, Rogalla S, Contag CH, Bruhns P, Galli SJ. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase diminishes the toxic effects and mortality induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1249-1258. [PMID: 28385925 PMCID: PMC5413333 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have crucial antimicrobial functions but are also thought to contribute to tissue injury upon exposure to bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To study the role of neutrophils in LPS-induced endotoxemia, we developed a new mouse model, PMNDTR mice, in which injection of diphtheria toxin induces selective neutrophil ablation. Using this model, we found, surprisingly, that neutrophils serve to protect the host from LPS-induced lethal inflammation. This protective role was observed in conventional and germ-free animal facilities, indicating that it does not depend on a particular microbiological environment. Blockade or genetic deletion of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key neutrophil enzyme, significantly increased mortality after LPS challenge, and adoptive transfer experiments confirmed that neutrophil-derived MPO contributes importantly to protection from endotoxemia. Our findings imply that, in addition to their well-established antimicrobial properties, neutrophils can contribute to optimal host protection by limiting the extent of endotoxin-induced inflammation in an MPO-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent L Reber
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1222, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Caitlin M Gillis
- Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1222, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philipp Starkl
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1222, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Sibilano
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Marion Bérard
- Animalerie Centrale, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephan Rogalla
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1222, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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682
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Protective effect of zerumbone reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via antioxidative enzymes and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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683
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Yang F, Feng C, Zhang X, Lu J, Zhao Y. The Diverse Biological Functions of Neutrophils, Beyond the Defense Against Infections. Inflammation 2017; 40:311-323. [PMID: 27817110 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are among the first defense against infection and closely involved in the initiation of inflammatory response. It is well recognized that this function of neutrophils was mainly mediated by phagocytosis, intracellular degradation, releasing of granules, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps after sensing dangerous stress. However, accumulating data showed that neutrophils had a variety of important biological functions in both innate and adaptive immunities, far beyond cytotoxicity against pathogens. Neutrophils can differentially switch phenotypes and display distinct subpopulations under different microenvironments. Neutrophils can produce a large variety of cytokines and chemokines upon stimulation. Furthermore, neutrophils directly interact with dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells so as to either potentiate or down-modulate both innate and adaptive immunity. In the present review, we summarize the recent progress on the functional plasticity and the regulatory ability on immunity of neutrophils in physiological and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chang Feng
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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684
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Mishra HK, Ma J, Walcheck B. Ectodomain Shedding by ADAM17: Its Role in Neutrophil Recruitment and the Impairment of This Process during Sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:138. [PMID: 28487846 PMCID: PMC5403810 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are specialized at killing bacteria and are recruited from the blood in a rapid and robust manner during infection. A cascade of adhesion events direct their attachment to the vascular endothelium and migration into the underlying tissue. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) functions in the cell membrane of neutrophils and endothelial cells by cleaving its substrates, typically in a cis manner, at an extracellular site proximal to the cell membrane. This process is referred to as ectodomain shedding and it results in the downregulation of various adhesion molecules and receptors, and the release of immune regulating factors. ADAM17 sheddase activity is induced upon cell activation and rapidly modulates intravascular adhesion events in response to diverse environmental stimuli. During sepsis, an excessive systemic inflammatory response against infection, neutrophil migration becomes severely impaired. This involves ADAM17 as indicated by increased levels of its cleaved substrates in the blood of septic patients, and that ADAM17 inactivation improves neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance in animal models of sepsis. Excessive ADAM17 sheddase activity during sepsis thus appears to undermine in a direct and indirect manner the necessary balance between intravascular adhesion and de-adhesion events that regulate neutrophil migration into sites of infection. This review provides an overview of ADAM17 function and regulation and its potential contribution to neutrophil dysfunction during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant K Mishra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MN, USA
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685
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Shen G, Krienke S, Schiller P, Nießen A, Neu S, Eckstein V, Schiller M, Lorenz HM, Tykocinski LO. Microvesicles released by apoptotic human neutrophils suppress proliferation and IL-2/IL-2 receptor expression of resting T helper cells. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:900-910. [PMID: 28295230 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-coated microvesicles (MVs) have been identified as important mediators in intercellular communication. During the process of apoptosis, dying cells dynamically release MVs. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of leukocytes in the circulation. Due to their very short lifespan, it is likely that they are the source of large amounts of apoptotic cell-derived MVs. Here, we show that MVs released by apoptotic human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (apoPMN-MVs), but not the apoptotic neutrophils themselves, selectively suppress the proliferation of CD25 (IL-2Rα)neg CD127 (IL-7Rα)pos Th cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the proliferation of total T cells is not affected by MVs. Importantly, apoPMN-MVs suppress the secretion of IL-2 as well as the expression of and signaling via the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) by CD25neg CD127pos Th cells. Addition of IL-7 strongly reduced the suppression of T-cell proliferation by MVs and the addition of IL-2 completely abrogated the suppressive effect. Thus, apoPMN-MVs suppressed a subset of Th cells by downregulating IL-2 and IL-2R expression and signaling. This may represent an important mechanism to prevent the activation and expansion of resting T cells in the absence of sufficient cytokine stimulation, and thereby maintaining immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifen Shen
- Division of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Stefan Krienke
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Schiller
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Nießen
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neu
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Eckstein
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schiller
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,ACURA Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Baden-Baden, Germany
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686
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Damgaard C, Kantarci A, Holmstrup P, Hasturk H, Nielsen CH, Van Dyke TE. Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced production of reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 by neutrophils from localized aggressive periodontitis and healthy donors: modulating actions of red blood cells and resolvin E1. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:246-254. [PMID: 27146665 PMCID: PMC5097708 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Porphyromonas gingivalis is regarded as a significant contributor in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and certain systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis. P. gingivalis occasionally translocates from periodontal pockets into the circulation, where it adheres to red blood cells (RBCs). This may protect the bacterium from contact with circulating phagocytes without affecting its viability. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in vitro study, we investigated whether human peripheral blood neutrophils from 10 subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) and 10 healthy controls release the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8; also known as IL-8) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2; also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to challenge with P. gingivalis. In addition, the impact of RBC interaction with P. gingivalis was investigated. The actions of resolvin E1 (RvE1), a known regulator of P. gingivalis induced neutrophil responses, on the cytokine and ROS responses elicited by P. gingivalis in cultures of neutrophils were investigated. RESULTS Upon stimulation with P. gingivalis, neutrophils from subjects with LAgP and healthy controls released similar quantities of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8, CCL2 and intracellular ROS. The presence of RBCs amplified the release of IL-6, TNF-α and CCL2 statistically significant in both groups, but reduced the generation of ROS in the group of healthy controls, and showed a similar tendency in the group of subjects with LAgP. RvE1 had no impact on the production of intracellular ROS, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 by neutrophils from either group, but tended to reduce the generation of ROS in subjects with LAgP in the absence of RBCs. CONCLUSIONS Our data support that binding to RBCs protects P. gingivalis from ROS and concomitantly enhances neutrophil release of proinflammatory cytokines providing a selective advantage for P. gingivalis growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community
Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for
Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital,
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for
Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for
Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community
Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for
Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claus H. Nielsen
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community
Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for
Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for
Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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687
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Novel lineage- and stage-selective effects of retinoic acid on mouse granulopoiesis: Blockade by dexamethasone or inducible NO synthase inactivation. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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688
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Negherbon JP, Romero K, Williams DL, Guerrero-Preston RE, Hartung T, Scott AL, Breysse PN, Checkley W, Hansel NN. Whole Blood Cytokine Response to Local Traffic-Related Particulate Matter in Peruvian Children With and Without Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:157. [PMID: 28424616 PMCID: PMC5371665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate if acute phase immune responses of whole blood from Peruvian children with controlled and uncontrolled asthma differed from children without asthma, following exposure to traffic-related particulate matter (TRPM). TRPM, including particulate matter from diesel combustion, has been shown to stimulate acute airway inflammation in individuals with and without asthma. For this study, a whole blood assay (WBA) was used to test peripheral whole blood samples from 27 children with asthma, and 12 without asthma. Participant blood samples were stimulated, ex vivo, for 24-h with an aqueous extract of TRPM that was collected near study area highways in Lima, Peru. All participant blood samples were tested against the same TRPM extract, in addition to purified bacterial endotoxin and pyrogen-free water, which served as positive and negative WBA controls, respectively. The innate and adaptive cytokine responses were evaluated in cell-free supernatants of the whole blood incubations. Comparatively similar levels were recorded for nine out of the 10 cytokines measured [e.g., – Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10], regardless of study participant asthma status. However, IL-8 levels in TRPM-stimulated blood from children with uncontrolled asthma were diminished, compared to subjects without asthma (633 pg/ml vs. 1,023 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.01); IL-8 responses for subjects with controlled asthma were also reduced, but to a lesser degree (799 pg/ml vs. 1,023 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.10). These relationships were present before, and after, adjusting for age, sex, obesity/overweight status, C-reactive protein levels, and residential proximity to the study area’s major roadway. For tests conducted with endotoxin, there were no discernible differences in cytokine response between groups, for all cytokines measured. The WBA testing conducted for this study highlighted the capacity of the TRPM extract to potently elicit the release of IL-8 from the human whole blood system. Although the small sample size of the study limits the capacity to draw definitive conclusions, the IL-8 responses suggest that that asthma control may be associated with the regulation of a key mediator in neutrophil chemotaxis, at a systemic level, following exposure to PM derived from traffic-related sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P Negherbon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | | | - D'Ann L Williams
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Rafael E Guerrero-Preston
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA.,Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Alan L Scott
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Asociación Benéfica PrismaLima, Perú.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
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689
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Soehnlein O, Steffens S, Hidalgo A, Weber C. Neutrophils as protagonists and targets in chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:248-261. [PMID: 28287106 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, neutrophils have been acknowledged to be the first immune cells that are recruited to an inflamed tissue and have mainly been considered in the context of acute inflammation. By contrast, their importance during chronic inflammation has been studied in less depth. This Review aims to summarize our current understanding of the roles of neutrophils in chronic inflammation, with a focus on how they communicate with other immune and non-immune cells within tissues. We also scrutinize the roles of neutrophils in wound healing and the resolution of inflammation, and finally, we outline emerging therapeutic strategies that target neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinksa Institutet, von Eulers Väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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690
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Endogenous TNFα orchestrates the trafficking of neutrophils into and within lymphatic vessels during acute inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44189. [PMID: 28287124 PMCID: PMC5347029 DOI: 10.1038/srep44189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are recognised to play a pivotal role at the interface between innate and acquired immunities following their recruitment to inflamed tissues and lymphoid organs. While neutrophil trafficking through blood vessels has been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms regulating their migration into the lymphatic system are still poorly understood. Here, we have analysed neutrophil-lymphatic vessel interactions in real time and in vivo using intravital confocal microscopy applied to inflamed cremaster muscles. We show that antigen sensitisation of the tissues induces a rapid but transient entry of tissue-infiltrated neutrophils into lymphatic vessels and subsequent crawling along the luminal side of the lymphatic endothelium. Interestingly, using mice deficient in both TNF receptors p55 and p75, chimeric animals and anti-TNFα antibody blockade we demonstrate that tissue-release of TNFα governs both neutrophil migration through the lymphatic endothelium and luminal crawling. Mechanistically, we show that TNFα primes directly the neutrophils to enter the lymphatic vessels in a strictly CCR7-dependent manner; and induces ICAM-1 up-regulation on lymphatic vessels, allowing neutrophils to crawl along the lumen of the lymphatic endothelium in an ICAM-1/MAC-1-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a new role for TNFα as a key regulator of neutrophil trafficking into and within lymphatic system in vivo.
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691
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Interactions between Neutrophils and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6010010. [PMID: 28282951 PMCID: PMC5371898 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects 70,000 patients worldwide. Morbidity and mortality in CF is largely caused by lung complications due to the triad of impaired mucociliary clearance, microbial infections and chronic inflammation. Cystic fibrosis airway inflammation is mediated by robust infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs, neutrophils). Neutrophils are not capable of clearing lung infections and contribute to tissue damage by releasing their dangerous cargo. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections in immunocompromised individuals. P. aeruginosa is a main respiratory pathogen in CF infecting most patients. Although PMNs are key to attack and clear P. aeruginosa in immunocompetent individuals, PMNs fail to do so in CF. Understanding why neutrophils cannot clear P. aeruginosa in CF is essential to design novel therapies. This review provides an overview of the antimicrobial mechanisms by which PMNs attack and eliminate P. aeruginosa. It also summarizes current advances in our understanding of why PMNs are incapable of clearing P. aeruginosa and how this bacterium adapts to and resists PMN-mediated killing in the airways of CF patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa.
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692
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Mature CD10+ and immature CD10− neutrophils present in G-CSF–treated donors display opposite effects on T cells. Blood 2017; 129:1343-1356. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-04-713206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
CD10 as a marker discriminating mature from immature neutrophils within heterogeneous neutrophil populations in pathological settings. Immunosuppressive mature CD66b+CD10+ and immunostimulatory immature CD66b+CD10− neutrophils coexist in G-CSF–treated donors.
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693
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Morris AH, Stamer DK, Kyriakides TR. The host response to naturally-derived extracellular matrix biomaterials. Semin Immunol 2017; 29:72-91. [PMID: 28274693 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials based on natural materials including decellularized tissues and tissue-derived hydrogels are becoming more widely used for clinical applications. Because of their native composition and structure, these biomaterials induce a distinct form of the foreign body response that differs from that of non-native biomaterials. Differences include direct interactions with cells via preserved moieties as well as the ability to undergo remodeling. Moreover, these biomaterials could elicit adaptive immune responses due to the presence of modified native molecules. Therefore, these biomaterials present unique challenges in terms of understanding the progression of the foreign body response. This review covers this response to natural materials including natural polymers, decellularized tissues, cell-derived matrix, tissue derived hydrogels, and biohybrid materials. With the expansion of the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the current repertoire of biomaterials has also expanded and requires continuous investigation of the responses they elicit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Morris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - D K Stamer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - T R Kyriakides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
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694
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Casserly CS, Nantes JC, Whittaker Hawkins RF, Vallières L. Neutrophil perversion in demyelinating autoimmune diseases: Mechanisms to medicine. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:294-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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695
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Microbial lysate upregulates host oxytocin. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:36-49. [PMID: 27825953 PMCID: PMC5431580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide hormone oxytocin has roles in social bonding, energy metabolism, and wound healing contributing to good physical, mental and social health. It was previously shown that feeding of a human commensal microbe Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is sufficient to up-regulate endogenous oxytocin levels and improve wound healing capacity in mice. Here we show that oral L. reuteri-induced skin wound repair benefits extend to human subjects. Further, dietary supplementation with a sterile lysate of this microbe alone is sufficient to boost systemic oxytocin levels and improve wound repair capacity. Oxytocin-producing cells were found to be increased in the caudal paraventricular nucleus [PVN] of the hypothalamus after feeding of a sterile lysed preparation of L. reuteri, coincident with lowered blood levels of stress hormone corticosterone and more rapid epidermal closure, in mouse models. We conclude that microbe viability is not essential for regulating host oxytocin levels. The results suggest that a peptide or metabolite produced by bacteria may modulate host oxytocin secretion for potential public or personalized health goals.
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696
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Xavier-Elsas P, Masid-de-Brito D, Vieira BM, Gaspar-Elsas MIC. Odd couple: The unexpected partnership of glucocorticoid hormones and cysteinyl-leukotrienes in the extrinsic regulation of murine bone-marrow eosinopoiesis. World J Exp Med 2017; 7:11-24. [PMID: 28261551 PMCID: PMC5316900 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v7.i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulopoiesis in murine bone-marrow is regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors (including hormones, drugs, inflammatory mediators and cytokines). Eosinophils, a minor subpopulation of circulating leukocytes, which remains better understood in its contributions to tissue injury in allergic disease than in its presumably beneficial actions in host defense, provide a striking example of joint regulation of granulopoiesis within murine bone-marrow by all of these classes of extrinsic factors. We first described the upregulation of eosinopoiesis in bone-marrow of allergen-sensitized mice following airway allergen challenge. Over the last decade, we were able to show a critical role for endogenous glucocorticoid hormones and cytokines in mediating this phenomenon through modification of cytokine effects, thereby supporting a positive association between stress hormones and allergic reactions. We have further shown that cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLT), a major proinflammatory class of lipid mediators, generated through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, upregulate bone-marrow eosinopoiesis in vivo and in vitro. CysLT mediate the positive effects of drugs (indomethacin and aspirin) and of proallergic cytokines (eotaxin/CCL11 and interleukin-13) on in vitro eosinopoiesis. While these actions of endogenous GC and CysLT might seem unrelated and even antagonistic, we demonstrated a critical partnership of these mediators in vivo, shedding light on mechanisms linking stress to allergy: GC are required for CysLT-mediated upregulation of bone-marrow eosinopoiesis in vivo, but also attenuate subsequent ex vivo responses to CysLT. GC and CysLT therefore work together to induce eosinophilia, but through subtle regulatory mechanisms also limit the magnitude of subsequent bone-marrow responses to allergen.
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697
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Neutrophils and Immunity: From Bactericidal Action to Being Conquered. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:9671604. [PMID: 28299345 PMCID: PMC5337389 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9671604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil is the major phagocyte and the final effector cell of the innate immunity, with a primary role in the clearance of extracellular pathogens. Using the broad array of cytokines, extracellular traps, and effector molecules as the humoral arm, neutrophils play a crucial role in the host defense against pathogen infections. On the other hand, the pathogen has the capacity to overcome neutrophil-mediated host defense to establish infection causing human disease. Pathogens, such as S. aureus, have the potential to thwart neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis and thereby succeed in evading killing by neutrophils. Furthermore, S. aureus surviving within neutrophils promotes neutrophil cytolysis, resulting in the release of host-derived molecules that promote local inflammation. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill the extracellular pathogens and how pathogens evade neutrophils degradation. This review will provide insights that might be useful for the development of novel therapies against infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens.
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698
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Neutrophils acquire the capacity for antigen presentation to memory CD4 + T cells in vitro and ex vivo. Blood 2017; 129:1991-2001. [PMID: 28143882 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-744441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical cells of the innate immune system and rapidly respond to tissue injury and infection. Increasing evidence also indicates that neutrophils have versatile functions in contributing to adaptive immunity by internalizing and transporting antigen and influencing antigen-specific responses. Here, we demonstrate that freshly isolated human neutrophils can function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to memory CD4+ T cells. Neutrophils pulsed with the cognate antigens cytomegalovirus pp65 or influenza hemagglutinin were able to present the antigens to autologous antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in a major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II; HLA-DR)-dependent manner. Although myeloid dendritic cells and monocytes showed superior presenting ability, neutrophils consistently displayed antigen presentation capability. Upregulation of HLA-DR on neutrophils required the presence of the antigen-specific or activated T cells whereas exposure to innate stimuli such as Toll-like receptor ligands was not sufficient. Neutrophils sorted from vaccine-draining lymph nodes from rhesus macaques also showed expression of HLA-DR and were capable of presenting vaccine antigen to autologous antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells ex vivo. Altogether, the data demonstrate that neutrophils can adapt a function as APCs and, in combination with their abundance in the immune system, may have a significant role in regulating antigen-specific T-cell responses.
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699
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Selders GS, Fetz AE, Radic MZ, Bowlin GL. An overview of the role of neutrophils in innate immunity, inflammation and host-biomaterial integration. Regen Biomater 2017; 4:55-68. [PMID: 28149530 PMCID: PMC5274707 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable recent progress in defining neutrophil functions and behaviors in tissue repair, much remains to be determined with regards to its overall role in the tissue integration of biomaterials. This article provides an overview of the neutrophil’s numerous, important roles in both inflammation and resolution, and subsequently, their role in biomaterial integration. Neutrophils function in three primary capacities: generation of oxidative bursts, release of granules and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); these combined functions enable neutrophil involvement in inflammation, macrophage recruitment, M2 macrophage differentiation, resolution of inflammation, angiogenesis, tumor formation and immune system activation. Neutrophils exhibit great flexibility to adjust to the prevalent microenvironmental conditions in the tissue; thus, the biomaterial composition and fabrication will potentially influence neutrophil behavior following confrontation. This review serves to highlight the neutrophil’s plasticity, reiterating that neutrophils are not just simple suicidal killers, but the true maestros of resolution and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen S Selders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Allison E Fetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marko Z Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA, 858 Madison Ave, Room 201 Molecular Science Building, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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700
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Al Asmari AK, Al Sadoon KT, Obaid AA, Yesunayagam D, Tariq M. Protective effect of quinacrine against glycerol-induced acute kidney injury in rats. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:41. [PMID: 28129740 PMCID: PMC5273840 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical problem with high rate of mortality and morbidity. Currently used prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to address AKI are limited and warrant further studies. In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the effect of quinacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor against glycerol induced AKI in rats. METHODS Adult female Wistar rats were divided in to five groups. After 24 h of water deprivation rats in groups 3, 4 and 5 received an intraperitoneal injection of quinacrine (3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of body weight respectively). Thirty minutes after the first injection of quinacrine animals in groups 3, 4 and 5 received an intramuscular injection of 25% glycerol (10 ml/kg of body weight). The animals in group 2 received 25% glycerol (10 ml/kg of body weight) only whereas rats in group 1 served as control . The quinacrine administration was continued once daily for three days, on the fourth day animals were sacrificed, blood and kidney were collected for various biochemical and histopathological studies. RESULTS Glycerol treatment produced significant renal structural abnormalities and functional impairment (increased urea and creatinine). Increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) clearly suggested the involvement of oxidative stress and neutrophilic activity following glycerol administration. Quinacrine dose dependently attenuated glycerol induced structural and functional changes in kidney. CONCLUSION The reversal of glycerol induced AKI by quinacrine points towards a role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the pathogenesis of renal injury. The result of this study suggests that quinacrine may offer an alternative mode of treatment for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Ahmed Obaid
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Tariq
- Scientific Research Centre, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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