72701
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Delis F, Polissidis A, Poulia N, Justinova Z, Nomikos GG, Goldberg SR, Antoniou K. Attenuation of Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference and Motor Activity via Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Agonism and CB1 Receptor Antagonism in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:269-278. [PMID: 27994006 PMCID: PMC5408977 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown the involvement of cannabinoid (CB) receptors in the behavioral and neurobiological effects of psychostimulants. Most of these studies have focused on the role of CB1 receptors in the psychostimulant effects of cocaine, while very few have investigated the respective role of CB2 receptors. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the extent of CB receptor involvement in the expression of cocaine-induced effects. METHODS The role of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the rewarding and motor properties of cocaine was assessed in conditioned place preference, conditioned motor activity, and open field activity in rats. RESULTS The CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (3 mg/kg) decreased the acquisition and the expression of conditioned place preference induced by cocaine (20 mg/kg). Rimonabant inhibited cocaine-elicited conditioned motor activity when administered during the expression of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. Rimonabant decreased ambulatory and vertical activity induced by cocaine. The CB2 receptor agonist JWH-133 (10 mg/kg) decreased the acquisition and the expression of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. JWH-133 inhibited cocaine-elicited conditioned motor activity when administered during the acquisition and the expression of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. JWH-133 decreased ambulatory activity and abolished vertical activity induced by cocaine. The effects of JWH-133 on cocaine conditioned and stimulated responses were abolished when the CB2 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist AM630 (5 mg/kg) was preadministered. CONCLUSIONS Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors modulate cocaine-induced rewarding behavior and appear to have opposite roles in the regulation of cocaine's reinforcing and psychomotor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Delis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (Dr Delis, Dr Polissidis, Ms Poulia, and Dr Anoniou)
| | - Alexia Polissidis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (Dr Delis, Dr Polissidis, Ms Poulia, and Dr Anoniou);,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (Dr Polissidis)
| | - Nafsika Poulia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (Dr Delis, Dr Polissidis, Ms Poulia, and Dr Anoniou)
| | - Zuzana Justinova
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD (Drs Justinova and Goldberg)
| | - George G. Nomikos
- Global Clinical Science, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc, Deerfield, IL (Dr Nomikos)
| | - Steven R. Goldberg
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD (Drs Justinova and Goldberg)
| | - Katerina Antoniou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (Dr Delis, Dr Polissidis, Ms Poulia, and Dr Anoniou)
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72702
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Ren H, Jin Y, Hu M, Zhou J, Song T, Huang Z, Li B, Li K, Zhou W, Dai H, Shi W, Yue J, Liang L. Ecological dynamics of influenza A viruses: cross-species transmission and global migration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36839. [PMID: 27827462 PMCID: PMC5101809 DOI: 10.1038/srep36839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study of cross-species transmission and inter-regional migration would provide insights into the global ecology of influenza A viruses (IAVs). To this end, we assembled 17,241 non-redundant IAV whole-genome sequences with complete epidemiological information. We hierarchically divided the movements of IAVs into the cross-species transmission in each region and the inter-regional migration driven by each host species. We then systematically identified the potential cross-species transmission and inter-regional migration events. Cross-species transmission networks were obtained for each gene segment of the IAVs. Waterfowl, domestic birds and swine showed higher degrees of connection than did other species in all of the transmission networks. East Asia and Southeast Asia were hot regions for avian-mammal transmissions. Swine and migratory birds were the dominant species for global virus delivery. The importance of swine was reemphasized because it has not only provided an environment for adaptive evolution during the avian-human transmission of IAVs (as incubators) but also served as a key species for the global dissemination of the viruses (as carriers). Therefore, monitoring the global live trade of swine and survey of migratory birds along flyways would be beneficial for the prevention and control of IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Mingda Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhisong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Beiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Kaiwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hongmei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Taishan Medical College, Taian 271000, China
| | - Junjie Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Long Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
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72703
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Hankinson SJ, Fam M, Patel NN. A review for clinicians: Prostate cancer and the antineoplastic properties of metformin. Urol Oncol 2016; 35:21-29. [PMID: 27836248 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metformin has numerous antineoplastic effects including an AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism, AMP-activated protein kinase-independent mechanisms, alteration of insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways, and suppression of androgen signaling pathways that trigger prostate cancer growth and proliferation. In contrast to other malignancies that are associated with increased incidence among patients with obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), epidemiological studies suggest that obesity and T2DM may impart a protective effect on prostate cancer incidence by creating a set of metabolic conditions that lower androgen levels. METHODS AND MATERIALS The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched using the terms "prostate cancer," "metformin," "antineoplastic," "antitumorigenic," and "diabetes" up to the first week of August 2016. Articles regarding metformin's antineoplastic properties on prostate cancer were reviewed. RESULTS Treating T2DM with metformin may reverse the metabolic conditions that suppress androgen levels, thereby enabling higher levels of androgens to stimulate prostate growth, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Thus, the antineoplastic properties of metformin may not be appreciable in the early stages of prostate cancer development because metformin corrects for the metabolic conditions of T2DM that impart a protective effect on prostate cancer. These findings, although inconclusive, do not support the use of metformin as a preventive agent for prostate cancer. However, the future appears bright for metformin as either a monotherapy or an adjunct to androgen deprivation therapy, external-beam radiation therapy, prostatectomy, or chemotherapy. Support for this includes meta-analyses that suggest a mortality benefit to patients with prostate cancer on metformin, a clinical trial that demonstrates metformin leads to significant improvement in metabolic syndrome parameters for patients with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy, and a clinical trial that shows metformin has modest activity in the treatment of some patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the literature regarding the antineoplastic mechanisms, clinical implications, and future trajectory of clinical research for metformin in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Fam
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nitin N Patel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
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72704
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Obesity-induced kidney injury is attenuated by amelioration of aberrant PHD2 activation in proximal tubules. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36533. [PMID: 27827416 PMCID: PMC5101521 DOI: 10.1038/srep36533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of tissue ischemia in obesity-induced kidney injury remains to be elucidated. Compared with low fat diet (LFD)-mice, high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice became obese with tubular enlargement, glomerulomegaly and peritubular capillary rarefaction, and exhibited both tubular and glomerular damages. In HFD-fed mice, despite the increase in renal pimonidazole-positive areas, the expressions of the hypoxia-responsive genes such as Prolyl-hydroxylase PHD2, a dominant oxygen sensor, and VEGFA were unchanged indicating impaired hypoxic response. Tamoxifen inducible proximal tubules (PT)-specific Phd2 knockout (Phd2-cKO) mice and their littermate control mice (Control) were created and fed HFD or LFD. Control mice on HFD (Control HFD) exhibited renal damages and renal ischemia with impaired hypoxic response compared with those on LFD. After tamoxifen treatment, HFD-fed knockout mice (Phd2-cKO HFD) had increased peritubular capillaries and the increased expressions of hypoxia responsive genes compared to Control HFD mice. Phd2-cKO HFD also exhibited the mitigation of tubular damages, albuminuria and glomerulomegaly. In human PT cells, the increased expressions of hypoxia-inducible genes in hypoxic condition were attenuated by free fatty acids. Thus, aberrant hypoxic responses due to dysfunction of PHD2 caused both glomerular and tubular damages in HFD-induced obese mice. Phd2-inactivation provides a novel strategy against obesity-induced kidney injury.
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72705
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Multiplex assay development and mutation rate analysis for 13 RM Y-STRs in Chinese Han population. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:345-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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72706
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Treatment of cardiovascular pathology with epigenetically active agents: Focus on natural and synthetic inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 227:66-82. [PMID: 27852009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) retains a leadership as a major cause of human death worldwide. Although a substantial progress was attained in the development of cardioprotective and vasculoprotective drugs, a search for new efficient therapeutic strategies and promising targets is under way. Modulation of epigenetic CVD mechanisms through administration epigenetically active agents is one of such new approaches. Epigenetic mechanisms involve heritable changes in gene expression that are not linked to the alteration of DNA sequence. Pathogenesis of CVDs is associated with global genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Epigenetically active compounds that influence activity of epigenetic modulators such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases (HDACs), etc. may correct these pathogenic changes in the epigenome and therefore be used for CVD therapy. To date, many epigenetically active natural substances (such as polyphenols and flavonoids) and synthetic compounds such as DNMT inhibitors or HDAC inhibitors are known. Both native and chemical DNMT and HDAC inhibitors possess a wide range of cytoprotective activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-anfibrotic, and anti-hypertrophic properties, which are beneficial of treatment of a variety of CVDs. However, so far, only synthetic DNMT inhibitors enter clinical trials while synthetic HDAC inhibitors are still under evaluation in preclinical studies. In this review, we consider epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in cardiovascular pathology and the epigenetics-based therapeutic approaches focused on the implementation of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 121609, Russia; National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
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72707
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Chen J, Chen W, Zeng G, Li G. Secular Trends in Growth and Nutritional Outcomes of Children under Five Years Old in Xiamen, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111104. [PMID: 27834882 PMCID: PMC5129314 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine secular changes in growth and nutritional outcomes of Chinese urban children under five years old, in 2009, 2012, and 2015. Cluster random sampling methods were used to select children under five years old in Xiamen, one of five special economic zones in China. Subjects (N = 71,229) under five years old (39,413 boys, 31,816 girls) were examined at three different times (22,576 in 2009, 24,816 in 2012, and 23,837 in 2015). Significant differences in the boys’ height and weight (p < 0.05) were found across the three time points; subjects in the 2015 sample were the heaviest and tallest, and they had the highest BMI (2009 < 2015; 2012 < 2015). Among the girls, those in the 2015 sample were similar to the boys (2009 < 2012; 2012 < 2015). In general, similar patterns were observed when mean values were analyzed by age. An increasing trend was found in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and a decreasing trend for stunting, underweight, and wasting. The results revealed that the burden of childhood under- and over-nutrition might constitute a public health concern in modern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
- Department of Child Health, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen 361003, Fujian, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Safety and Security, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian, China.
| | - Guozhang Zeng
- Department of Child Health, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen 361003, Fujian, China.
| | - Guimei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
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72708
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Bidirectional Estrogen-Like Effects of Genistein on Murine Experimental Autoimmune Ovarian Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111855. [PMID: 27834809 PMCID: PMC5133855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the bidirectional estrogen-like effects of genistein on murine experimental autoimmune ovarian disease (AOD). Female BALB/c mice were induced by immunization with a peptide from murine zona pellucida. The changes of estrous cycle, ovarian histomorphology were measured, and the levels of serum sex hormone were analyzed using radioimmunoassay. Proliferative responses of the ovary were also determined by immunohistochemistry. Administration of 25 or 45 mg/kg body weight genistein enhanced ovary development with changes in serum sex hormone levels and proliferative responses. Meanwhile, the proportions of growing and mature follicles increased and the incidence of autoimmune oophoritis decreased, which exhibited normal ovarian morphology in administration of 25 or 45 mg/kg body weight genistein, while a lower dose (5 mg/kg body weight genistein) produced the opposite effect. These findings suggest that genistein exerts bidirectional estrogen-like effects on murine experimental AOD, while a high dose (45 mg/kg body weight) of genistein may suppress AOD.
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72709
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Wang L, Du H, Wuyun TN. Genome-Wide Identification of MicroRNAs and Their Targets in the Leaves and Fruits of Eucommia ulmoides Using High-Throughput Sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1632. [PMID: 27877179 PMCID: PMC5099690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of endogenous small non-coding RNAs, play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress response processes. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (hardy rubber tree) is one of the few woody plants capable of producing trans-1, 4-polyisoprene (TPI), also known as Eu-rubber, which has been utilized as an industrial raw material and is extensively cultivated in China. However, the mechanism of TPI biosynthesis has not been identified in E. ulmoides. To characterize small RNAs and their targets with potential biological roles involved in the TPI biosynthesis in E. ulmoides, in the present study, eight small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced from young and mature leaves and fruits of E. ulmoides. Further analysis identified 34 conserved miRNAs belonging to 20 families (two unclassified families), and 115 novel miRNAs seemed to be specific to E. ulmoides. Among these miRNAs, fourteen conserved miRNAs and 49 novel miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed and identified as Eu-rubber accumulation related miRNAs. Based on the E. ulmoides genomic data, 202 and 306 potential target genes were predicted for 33 conserved and 92 novel miRNAs, respectively; the predicted targets are mostly transcription factors and functional genes, which were enriched in metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Noticeably, based on the expression patterns of miRNAs and their target genes in combination with the Eu-rubber accumulation, the negative correlation of expression of six miRNAs (Eu-miR14, Eu-miR91, miR162a, miR166a, miR172c, and miR396a) and their predicted targets serving as potential regulators in Eu-rubber accumulation. This study is the first to detect conserved and novel miRNAs and their potential targets in E. ulmoides and identify several candidate genes potentially controlling rubber accumulation, and thus provide molecular evidence for understanding the roles of miRNAs in regulating the TPI biosynthesis in E. ulmoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of ForestryZhengzhou, China
- The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry AdministrationZhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Du
- Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of ForestryZhengzhou, China
- The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry AdministrationZhengzhou, China
| | - Ta-na Wuyun
- Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of ForestryZhengzhou, China
- The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry AdministrationZhengzhou, China
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72710
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Zhang JY, Lu JY, Wu LL, Hong DL, Ma CC, Peng X, Lin ZX. A dosimetric and treatment efficiency evaluation of stereotactic body radiation therapy for peripheral lung cancer using flattening filter free beams. Oncotarget 2016; 7:73792-73799. [PMID: 27655715 PMCID: PMC5342014 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate potential dosimetric benefits and treatment efficiency of dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCA), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and double partial arcs Rapidarc (RA) techniques in the treatment of early-stage peripheral lung cancer using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with flattening filter free (FFF) beams. Twenty early-stage peripheral lung cancer patients were selected. For each patient, DCA, IMRT and RA plans were created to meet Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0915 objectives with 48 Gy covering 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) in 4 fractions. PTV coverage, organs at risk (OARs) doses, planning time, monitor units (MU) and treatment time were evaluated. RA was significantly better than DCA for PTV coverage. RA provided a lower V32Gy to chest wall and less V20Gy to lung over those of DCA and IMRT. For other OARs, there is no significant difference among all three techniques. DCA plans showed significantly less planning time, shorter treatment time and lower MU number than those of RA and IMRT. RA provides a superior dosimetric benefit to DCA and IMRT in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer using SBRT with FFF beams. Considering the MU number, planning time and treatment efficiency, DCA technique is an effective treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Jia-Yang Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Dan-Li Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Chang-chun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Xun Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
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72711
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Li SJ, Sun SJ, Gao J, Sun FB. Wogonin induces Beclin-1/PI3K and reactive oxygen species-mediated autophagy in human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:5059-5067. [PMID: 28105213 PMCID: PMC5228377 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wogonin is considered to be an inhibitor of myeloid cell leukemia 1 and B-cell lymphoma 2, and a potential antitumor drug due to its ability to induce apoptosis in certain cancer cells; however, few previous studies have reported on wogonin-induced autophagy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of wogonin on autophagy in human pancreatic cancer cells (HPCCs), elucidate its mechanism, and identify strategies to increase its effectiveness as an anti-cancer treatment. HPCCs were treated with wogonin and autophagy was detected in the cells. The mechanism of wogonin-related autophagy was investigated, and the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was used to assess the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wogonin-related autophagy. The results demonstrated that wogonin may induce autophagy by activating the Beclin-1/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and ROS pathways in HPCCs, and may enhance ROS generation, followed by the activation of the AKT/ULK1/4E-BP1/CYLD pathway and inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. The incubation of HPCCs with wogonin and the antioxidant NAC, revealed that the effects of wogonin-enhanced ROS generation on autophagy-related molecules were inhibited, contributing to the inhibition of autophagy and increasing the cell death ratio through apoptosis activation in HPCCs. These studies suggest that autophagy activation, via the ROS pathway, by the antitumor drug wogonin in HPCCs may partially reduce the antitumor effects of the drug, and that the antioxidant NAC may enhance the antitumor effectiveness of wogonin via the inhibition of ROS-enhanced autophagy and the subsequent promotion of apoptosis. Therefore, the present research suggests that wogonin combined with NAC may be a novel combination therapy for clinical pancreatic cancer therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Bo Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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72712
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Involvement of eIF6 in external mechanical stretch-mediated murine dermal fibroblast function via TGF-β1 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36075. [PMID: 27824055 PMCID: PMC5099925 DOI: 10.1038/srep36075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
External mechanical loading on a wound commonly increases fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been implicated in fibrosis in various models, including the mechanical force model. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Our previous experiments suggested that eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) acted as a regulator of TGF-β1 expression, and negatively impact on collagen synthesis. Our current results showed that external mechanical stretching significantly increased COL1A1, TGF-β1 and eIF6 expression as well as dermal fibroblasts proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. eIF6 –deficient (eIF6+/−) cells exhibited significantly higher levels of COL1A1, and these levels increased further with external mechanical stretching, suggesting that mechanical stretching plays a synergistic role in promoting COL1A1 expression in eIF6+/− cells. Inhibition of TGFβR I/II by LY2109761 decreased COL1A1 protein expression in eIF6+/− dermal fibroblasts in a cell stretching model, and attenuated granulation tissue formation in partial thickness wounds of eIF6+/− mice. These data suggest that mechanical stretching has a synergistic role in the expression of COL1A1 in eIF6+/− cells, and is mediated by activation of TGFβRI/II. Taken together, our results indicate that eIF6 may be involved in external mechanical force-mediated murine dermal fibroblast function at least partly through the TGF-β1 pathway.
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72713
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Tumor necrosis factor α in the onset and progression of leukemia. Exp Hematol 2016; 45:17-26. [PMID: 27833035 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), originally described as an anti-neoplastic cytokine, has been found, in apparent contradiction to its name, to play an important role in promoting the development and progression of malignant disease. Targeting TNF-α with TNF antagonists has elicited an objective response in certain solid tumors in phase I and II clinical trials. This review focuses on the relationship of TNF-α expressed by leukemia cells and adverse clinical features of leukemia. TNF-α is involved in all steps of leukemogenesis, including cellular transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and extramedullary infiltration. TNF-α is also an important factor in the tumor microenvironment and assists leukemia cells in immune evasion, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. TNF-α may be a potent target for leukemia therapy.
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72714
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Zhao Q, Huang ZL, He M, Gao Z, Kuang DM. BTLA identifies dysfunctional PD-1-expressing CD4 + T cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1254855. [PMID: 28123898 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1254855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway is being applied in clinic, the response outcomes are heterogeneous, suggesting existences of distinctive subsets within PD-1-expressing T cells that react differently to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. However, markers to demarcate these subsets in human cancers remain unclear. Here, we found that both PD-1 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) were significantly upregulated on CD4+ T cells from tumor compared with those from paired non-tumor liver in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Interestingly, over 85% BTLA+ CD4+ T cells were PD-1-expressing cells and represented about 50% PD-1+ CD4+ T cells in tumors, and that level of BTLA+PD-1+ tumor CD4+ T cells were selectively associated with advanced stage HCC. BTLA+ identified highly dysfunctional PD-1-expressing CD4+ T cell subset, whereas BTLA- defined PD-1+ CD4+ T cells undergoing activation in HCC. Importantly, blockade of PD-L1 could restore the ability of IFNγ/TNF-α production in BTLA+PD-1+ tumor CD4+ T cells but partially suppressed the activation of BTLA-PD-1+ CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we provided evidence that BTLA signals also participated in suppressing CD4+ T cell function in HCC. In conclusion, BTLA could identify distinct function of PD-1 expressing CD4+ T cells in human cancer, which might not only advance our understanding of inhibitory receptor blockade, but also provide new targets for clinical predictors of response to these immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Lian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Min He
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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72715
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Yanagihara K, Liu Y, Kanie K, Takayama K, Kokunugi M, Hirata M, Fukuda T, Suga M, Nikawa H, Mizuguchi H, Kato R, Furue MK. Prediction of Differentiation Tendency Toward Hepatocytes from Gene Expression in Undifferentiated Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1884-1897. [PMID: 27733097 PMCID: PMC5165660 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have potential as tools for predicting drug-induced hepatotoxicity in the early phases of drug development. However, the propensity of hPSC lines to differentiate into specific lineages is reported to differ. The ability to predict low propensity of hPSCs to differentiate into hepatocytes would facilitate the selection of useful hPSC clones and substantially accelerate development of hPSC-derived hepatocytes for pharmaceutical research. In this study, we compared the expression of genes associated with hepatic differentiation in five hPSC lines including human ES cell line, H9, which is known to differentiate into hepatocytes, and an hPSC line reported with a poor propensity for hepatic differentiation. Genes distinguishing between undifferentiated hPSCs, hPSC-derived hepatoblast-like differentiated cells, and primary human hepatocytes were drawn by two-way cluster analysis. The order of expression levels of genes in undifferentiated hPSCs was compared with that in hPSC-derived hepatoblast-like cells. Three genes were selected as predictors of low propensity for hepatic differentiation. Expression of these genes was investigated in 23 hPSC clones. Review of representative cells by induction of hepatic differentiation suggested that low prediction scores were linked with low hepatic differentiation. Thus, our model using gene expression ranking and bioinformatic analysis could reasonably predict poor differentiation propensity of hPSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yanagihara
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation , Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yujung Liu
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation , Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kanie
- 2 Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- 3 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan .,4 The Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research (K-CONNEX), Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan .,5 Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation , Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minako Kokunugi
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation , Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan .,6 Department of Oral Biology & Engineering Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhi Hirata
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation , Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fukuda
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation , Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Suga
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation , Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nikawa
- 6 Department of Oral Biology & Engineering Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- 3 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan .,5 Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation , Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan .,7 Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- 2 Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miho K Furue
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation , Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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72716
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Chen YM, Lai CH, Rau KM, Huang CH, Chang HC, Chao TY, Tseng CC, Fang WF, Chung YH, Wang YH, Su MC, Huang KT, Liu SF, Chen HC, Chang YC, Chang YP, Wang CC, Lin MC. Impact of clinical parameters and systemic inflammatory status on epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients readministration with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:868. [PMID: 27821111 PMCID: PMC5100346 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) readministration to lung cancer patients is common owing to the few options available. Impact of clinical factors on prognosis of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving EGFR-TKI readministration after first-line EGFR-TKI failure and a period of TKI holiday remains unclear. Through this retrospective study, we aimed to understand the impact of clinical factors in such patients. Methods Of 1386 cases diagnosed between December 2010 and December 2013, 80 EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients who were readministered TKIs after failure of first-line TKIs and intercalated with at least one cycle of cytotoxic agent were included. We evaluated clinical factors that may influence prognosis of TKI readministration as well as systemic inflammatory status in terms of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). Baseline NLR and LMR were estimated at the beginning of TKI readministration and trends of NLR and LMR were change amount from patients receiving first-Line TKIs to TKIs readministration. Results Median survival time since TKI readministration was 7.0 months. In the univariable analysis, progression free survival (PFS) of first-line TKIs, baseline NLR and LMR, and trend of LMR were prognostic factors in patients receiving TKIs readministration. In the multivariate analysis, only PFS of first-line TKIs (p < 0.001), baseline NLR (p = 0.037), and trend of LMR (p = 0.004) were prognostic factors. Conclusion Longer PFS of first-line TKIs, low baseline NLR, and high trend of LMR were good prognostic factors in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients receiving TKI readministration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2917-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hao Lai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ming Rau
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hua Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chih Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Chao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Tseng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Fang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsi Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chang Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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72717
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72718
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Vidaña B, Martínez J, Martorell J, Montoya M, Córdoba L, Pérez M, Majó N. Involvement of the different lung compartments in the pathogenesis of pH1N1 influenza virus infection in ferrets. Vet Res 2016; 47:113. [PMID: 27825367 PMCID: PMC5101722 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cases after pH1N1 infection are consequence of interstitial pneumonia triggered by alveolar viral replication and an exacerbated host immune response, characterized by the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the influx of inflammatory leukocytes to the lungs. Different lung cell populations have been suggested as culprits in the unregulated innate immune responses observed in these cases. This study aims to clarify this question by studying the different induction of innate immune molecules by the distinct lung anatomic compartments (vascular, alveolar and bronchiolar) of ferrets intratracheally infected with a human pH1N1 viral isolate, by means of laser microdissection techniques. The obtained results were then analysed in relation to viral quantification in the different anatomic areas and the histopathological lesions observed. More severe lung lesions were observed at 24 h post infection (hpi) correlating with viral antigen detection in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells. However, high levels of viral RNA were detected in all anatomic compartments throughout infection. Bronchiolar areas were the first source of IFN-α and most pro-inflammatory cytokines, through the activation of RIG-I. In contrast, vascular areas contributed with the highest induction of CCL2 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, through the activation of TLR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vidaña
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. .,UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaime Martorell
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Montoya
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Córdoba
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Majó
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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72719
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Li G, Wu H, Sun K, Chen J, Feng Y, Chen C, Cai S, Xu J, He Y. CXCL1 from tumor-associated lymphatic endothelial cells drives gastric cancer cell into lymphatic system via activating integrin β1/FAK/AKT signaling. Cancer Lett 2016; 385:28-38. [PMID: 27832972 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis. Our previous study indicated chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) from LECs stimulates the metastasis of gastric cancer. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Here, we successfully isolated tumor-associated LECs (T-LECs) and normal LECs (N-LECs) from clinical samples by magnetic-activated cell sorting system (MACS) and proved that CXCL1 expression was elevated in T-LECs compared with N-LECs in situ and vitro. Besides, we demonstrated that CXCL1 secreted by T-LECs promoted the migration, invasion, and adhesion of gastric cancer cells by upregulating integrin β1, MMP2, and MMP9. Furthermore, CXCL1 induced MMP2/9 expression by activating integrin β1-FAK-AKT signaling. In the animal model, CXCL1 overexpressed in LECs increased the lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. In conclusion, CXCL1 expression in T-LECs was upregulated, and CXCL1 secreted by T-LECs promoted the lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer through integrin β1/FAK/AKT signaling, leading to MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Therefore, CXCL1 produced in T-LECs represents a potentially promising target for treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangqi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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72720
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Zhao M, Wu J. Impacts of regulated competition on pricing in Chinese pharmaceutical market under urban employee basic medical insurance. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2016; 17:311-320. [DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2017.1251318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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72721
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The Role of the Transcription Factor Foxo3 in Hearing Maintenance: Informed Speculation on a New Player in the Cochlea. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1870675. [PMID: 27818997 PMCID: PMC5081746 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1870675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular genetics has proven to be a powerful approach for understanding early-onset hearing loss. Recent work in late-onset hearing loss uses mouse genetics to identify molecular mechanisms that promote the maintenance of hearing. One such gene, Foxo3, is ontologically involved in preserving mitochondrial function. Significant evidence exists to support the idea that mitochondrial dysfunction is correlated with and can be causal for hearing loss. Foxo3 is also ontologically implicated in driving the circadian cycle, which has recently been shown to influence the molecular response to noise damage. In this review, the molecular framework connecting these cellular processes is discussed in relation to the cellular pathologies observed in human specimens of late-onset hearing loss. In bringing these observations together, the possibility arises that distinct molecular mechanisms work in multiple cell types to preserve hearing. This diversity offers great opportunities to understand and manipulate genetic processes for therapeutic gain.
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72722
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Shi Y, Sun Y, Yu J, Ding C, Wang Z, Wang C, Wang D, Wang C, Wang Z, Wang M, Zhi X, Lu Y, Feng J, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu W, Wu G, Li X, Li K, Li E, Li W, Chen G, Chen Z, Yu P, Wu N, Wu M, Xiao W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Yang S, Song X, Lin D, Luo R, Shan L, Zhou C, Zhou Z, Zhao Q, Hu C, Hu Y, Guo Q, Chang J, Huang C, Zeng X, Han B, Han X, Jia B, Han Y, Huang Y. China experts consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of advanced stage primary lung cancer (2016 version). Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 13:87-103. [PMID: 28134505 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Shandong Province Cancer Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | - Cuimin Ding
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Changli Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cunde Wang
- Yunnan Province Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | | | | | - Xiuyi Zhi
- Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - You Lu
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yunpeng Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- The 307th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, China
| | - Kai Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Enxiao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gongyan Chen
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengtang Chen
- Xinqiao Hospital of The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Imaging Diagnostic, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Milu Wu
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China
| | | | - Shucai Zhang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Yang
- Henan Province Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Song
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Rongcheng Luo
- Nanfang Hospital, Nanfang Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Shan
- Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, China
| | - Zongmei Zhou
- Department of Imaging Diagnostic, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, China
| | - Qisen Guo
- Shandong Province Cancer Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | | | | | - Xuan Zeng
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
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72723
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Budgell G, Brown K, Cashmore J, Duane S, Frame J, Hardy M, Paynter D, Thomas R. IPEM topical report 1: guidance on implementing flattening filter free (FFF) radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:8360-8394. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/23/8360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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72724
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House dust mite allergen suppresses neutrophil apoptosis by cytokine release via PAR2 in normal and allergic lymphocytes. Immunol Res 2016; 64:123-32. [PMID: 26666432 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) is an essential allergen in allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. The pathogenic mechanism of allergy is associated with cytokine release of lymphocytes and constitutive apoptosis of neutrophils. In this study, we examined whether HDM induces cytokine release of lymphocytes and whether the secretion of cytokines is involved in modulation of neutrophil apoptosis. In normal and allergic subjects, extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) increased IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and GM-CSF secretion in a time-dependent manner. This secretion was suppressed by PAR2i, an inhibitor of PAR2, in a dose-dependent manner, as well as by LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, AKTi, an inhibitor of Akt, PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, and BAY-11-7085, and an inhibitor of NF-κB. DP induced ERK and NF-κB activation in a time-dependent manner. ERK activation was suppressed by PAR2i, LY294002, and AKTi, and NF-κB activation was blocked by PAR2i, LY294002, AKTi, and PD98059. Supernatants collected from normal and allergic neutrophils after DP treatment inhibited the apoptosis of normal and allergic neutrophils through suppression of caspase 9 and caspase 3 cleavage. DP inhibited neutrophil apoptosis in coculture of normal neutrophils with normal lymphocytes, similar to the anti-apoptotic effects of DP on neutrophils alone. DP more strongly inhibited apoptosis of allergic neutrophils cocultured with allergic lymphocytes than allergic neutrophils without lymphocytes. In summary, DP induces the release of cytokines through the PAR2/PI3K/Akt/ERK/NF-κB pathway, which has anti-apoptotic effects on neutrophils of normal and allergic subjects. These results will facilitate elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism of allergic diseases.
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72725
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Minutolo F. Immune by Heart: Unexpected Observations Inspiring Perspective Therapeutic/Preventive Strategies against Cancer. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2560-2566. [PMID: 27922212 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We often overlook ordinary events that take place right in front of our eyes. However, such events might be inspiring sources of revolutionary scientific discovery. Simple observations, such as those regarding the substantial immunity of the heart to cancer or the noninvasive behavior of plant tumors, are just the tips of icebergs hiding profound mechanistic causes that deserve deeper investigation. Several current or unprecedented approaches aimed at improving both the prevention and treatment of tumors are discussed on these bases herein. This viewpoint is not intended to give definitive answers, but rather to provide cues for discussion and motivation to pursue unexplored and accessible strategies to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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72726
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a well-established pro-inflammatory state with an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) diseases. In recent years, the number of different classes of agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes has increased substantially, and while glycemic control is the major focus of these medications, CV safety has become of interest. Two incretin-based therapies are currently available: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. METHODS The literature was reviewed for information regarding the incretin-based therapies and their effects on the CV system. RESULTS Independent of their glucose-lowering action, incretin-based therapies may have incretin-dependent mechanisms that positively affect blood pressure, weight, and other markers of CV disease risk, and, in the case of DPP-4 inhibition, nonincretin-dependent actions such as improving endothelial function. Several CV outcomes trials (CVOTs) with incretin-based therapies have recently completed with no excess CV risk observed, and positive effects have been reported in at least 1 trial of GLP-1 RAs, with more studies ongoing. Results for the risk for heart failure with DPP-4 inhibitor use are mixed, but no increase has been demonstrated with GLP-1 RAs. CONCLUSION Future CVOTs will need to be redesigned to help address these questions in the context of the emerging scope of the underlying mechanisms of cardio-metabolic disease in populations with diabetes. ABBREVIATIONS A1C = hemoglobin A1C ACS = acute coronary syndrome CHD = coronary heart disease CI = confidence interval CV = cardiovascular CVOT = Cardiovascular Outcome Trial DPP-4 = dipeptidyl peptidase 4 FDA = U.S. Food and Drug Administration GIP = glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GLP-1 = glucagon-like protein 1 GLP-1 RA = glucagon-like protein 1 receptor agonist HF = heart failure HR = hazard ratio LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events MI = myocardial infarction T2D = type 2 diabetes.
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72727
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Hazawa M, Lin DC, Handral H, Xu L, Chen Y, Jiang YY, Mayakonda A, Ding LW, Meng X, Sharma A, Samuel S, Movahednia MM, Wong RW, Yang H, Tong C, Koeffler HP. ZNF750 is a lineage-specific tumour suppressor in squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:2243-2254. [PMID: 27819679 PMCID: PMC5415641 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ZNF750 controls epithelial homeostasis by regulating epidermal-differentiation genes, a role underscored by its pathogenic mutations in esophageal squamous cell cancers (SCCs). However, the precise role of ZNF750 in SCC cell biology remains unclear. In this study, we report that ZNF750 is exclusively deleted, mutated and underexpressed in human SCCs, and low ZNF750 expression is associated with poor survival. Restoration of wildtype, but not mutant ZNF750 protein uniquely inhibited the malignant phenotypes of SCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, ZNF750 promoted the expression of a long non-coding RNA (TINCR), which mediated both cancer-inhibition and differentiation-induction effects of ZNF750. In addition, ZNF750 potently suppressed cell migration by directly inhibiting the transactivation of LAMC2. Together, our findings characterize ZNF750 as a crucial SCC-specific suppressor and uncover its novel anticancer-associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hazawa
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - D-C Lin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - H Handral
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y-Y Jiang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - L-W Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Meng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Sharma
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Samuel
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M M Movahednia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - R W Wong
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H P Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore
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72728
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Rok Simon M, Korošec A, Bilban M. The influence of parental education and other socio-economic factors on child car seat use. Zdr Varst 2016; 56:55-64. [PMID: 28289464 PMCID: PMC5329786 DOI: 10.1515/sjph-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The behaviour of parents in ensuring car passenger safety for their children is associated with socio-economic (SE) status of the family; however, the influence of parental education has rarely been researched and the findings are contradictory. The aim of the study was to clarify whether parental education influences the use of a child car seat during short rides. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out in outpatient clinics for children's healthcare across Slovenia. 904 parents of 3-year-old children participated in the study; the response rate was 95.9%. A self-administered questionnaire was used. A binary multiple logistic regression was applied to assess the association between parental unsafe behaviour as dependent variable, and education and other SE factors as independent variables. RESULTS 14.6% of parents did not use a child car seat during short rides. Families where mother had low or college education had higher odds of the non-use of a child car seat than families where mother had a university education. Single-parent families and those who lived in areas with low or medium SE status also had higher odds of the non-use of a child car seat. CONCLUSIONS Low educational attainment influences parents' behaviour regarding the non-use of a child car seat. Low parental education is not the only risk factor since some highly educated parents also have high odds of unsafe behaviour. All parents should therefore be included in individually tailored safety counselling programmes. SE inequalities could be further reduced with provision of free child car seats for eligible families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Rok Simon
- National Institute of Public Health, Centre for Health Research and Development, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Korošec
- National Institute of Public Health, Centre for Health Research and Development, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Bilban
- Institute of Occupational Safety, Chengdujska c. 25, 1260 Ljubljana-Polje, Slovenia
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72729
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Nakayama M, Ozaki H, Itoh Y, Soda K, Ishigaki H, Okamatsu M, Sakoda Y, Park CH, Tsuchiya H, Kida H, Ogasawara K. Vaccination against H9N2 avian influenza virus reduces bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation in cynomolgus macaques after intranasal virus challenge infection. Pathol Int 2016; 66:678-686. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nakayama
- Department of Pathology; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Hiroichi Ozaki
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture; Tottori University; Tottori 680-8553 Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Department of Pathology; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Kosuke Soda
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture; Tottori University; Tottori 680-8553 Japan
| | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Department of Pathology; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE); Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0815 Japan
| | - Chun-Ho Park
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori 034-8628 Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Animal Life Science; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE); Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0815 Japan
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogasawara
- Department of Pathology; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga 520-2192 Japan
- Research Center for Animal Life Science; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga 520-2192 Japan
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72730
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The Y chromosome as the most popular marker in genetic genealogy benefits interdisciplinary research. Hum Genet 2016; 136:559-573. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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72731
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Huang CL, Bao LJ, Luo P, Wang ZY, Li SM, Zeng EY. Potential health risk for residents around a typical e-waste recycling zone via inhalation of size-fractionated particle-bound heavy metals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:449-456. [PMID: 27322902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Health risk of residents dwelling around e-waste recycling zones has been a global concern, but has not been adequately examined. The present study was intended to evaluate the potential health risk of residents through inhalation exposure to size-fractionated particle-bound heavy metals in a typical e-waste recycling zone, South China. Anthropogenic metals (Zn, Se, Pb, Sb, As, and Cd) were predominantly enriched in fine particles (Dp<1.8μm), whereas the crustal elements (Ti, Fe, and Co) tended to accumulate in coarse particles (Dp>1.8μm). Although the daily inhalation intakes of the target metals were significantly lower than those through food consumption and ingestion of house dust, the hazard quotients of total metals for adults (95% CI: 1.0-5.5) and children (95% CI: 3.0-17) were greater than 1. Moreover, the incremental lifetime cancer risks of five carcinogenic metals (Cr, Co, Ni, As, and Cd) for adults and children were 1.3×10(-3) (95% CI: 4.1×10(-4)-3.0×10(-3)) and 3.9×10(-3) (95% CI: 1.3×10(-3)-8.6×10(-3)), respectively, substantially higher than the acceptable cancer risk range of 10(-6)-10(-4). All these findings suggested that health risks were high for local residents dwelling around the e-waste recycling zone through inhalation exposure to particle-bound heavy metals, for both adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhao-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shao-Meng Li
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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72732
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The Ubiquitin Receptor ADRM1 Modulates HAP40-Induced Proteasome Activity. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7382-7400. [PMID: 27815841 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an N-terminal expansion of polyglutamine stretch (polyQ) of huntingtin (Htt) protein. HAP40 is a huntingtin-associated protein with unknown cellular functions. Increased HAP40 expression has been reported in the brain of HD patients and HD mouse model. However, the relationship between the elevation of HAP40 and HD etiology remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of HAP40 enhanced accumulation of mutant Htt aggregates and caused defects in proteasome function. Specifically, excess HAP40 interfered with adhesion-regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1), a proteasome ubiquitin receptor, to regulate the proteasome-dependent pathway. Increasing ADRM1 in the presence of excess HAP40 alleviated mutant Htt aggregates and at the same time, restored the cell viability. Reducing ADRM1 in the absence of excess HAP40; on the other hand, increased mutant Htt aggregates and decreased the cell viability. Our data provide compelling evidence to support that ADRM1 plays an important role in mediating removal of mutant Htt aggregates when excess HAP40 is present. ADRM1-dependent ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) may be a general mechanism to guard cells from mutant Htt toxicity.
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72733
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Guidry JT, Scott RS. The interaction between human papillomavirus and other viruses. Virus Res 2016; 231:139-147. [PMID: 27826043 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in anogenital tract and head and neck cancers is well established. However, only a low percentage of HPV-positive women develop cancer, indicating that HPV is necessary but not sufficient in carcinogenesis. Several biological and environmental cofactors have been implicated in the development of HPV-associated carcinoma that include immune status, hormonal changes, parity, dietary habits, tobacco usage, and co-infection with other sexually transmissible agents. Such cofactors likely contribute to HPV persistent infection through diverse mechanisms related to immune control, efficiency of HPV infection, and influences on tumor initiation and progression. Conversely, HPV co-infection with other factors may also harbor anti-tumor effects. Here, we review epidemiological and experimental studies investigating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV), and adeno-associated virus (AAV) as viral cofactors in or therapeutic factors against the development of genital and oral HPV-associated carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Guidry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Tumor and Molecular Virology, and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center. Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport. Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - R S Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Tumor and Molecular Virology, and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center. Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport. Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
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72734
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Bordi M, Berg MJ, Mohan PS, Peterhoff CM, Alldred MJ, Che S, Ginsberg SD, Nixon RA. Autophagy flux in CA1 neurons of Alzheimer hippocampus: Increased induction overburdens failing lysosomes to propel neuritic dystrophy. Autophagy 2016; 12:2467-2483. [PMID: 27813694 PMCID: PMC5173282 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1239003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective autophagy contributes to Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis although evidence is conflicting on whether multiple stages are impaired. Here, for the first time, we have comprehensively evaluated the entire autophagic process specifically in CA1 pyramidal neurons of hippocampus from early and late-stage AD subjects and nondemented controls. CA1 neurons aspirated by laser capture microdissection were analyzed using a custom-designed microarray comprising 578 neuropathology- and neuroscience-associated genes. Striking upregulation of autophagy-related genes, exceeding that of other gene ontology groups, reflected increases in autophagosome formation and lysosomal biogenesis beginning at early AD stages. Upregulated autophagosome formation was further indicated by elevated gene and protein expression levels for autophagosome components and increased LC3-positive puncta. Increased lysosomal biogenesis was evidenced by activation of MiTF/TFE family transcriptional regulators, particularly TFE3 (transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3) and by elevated expression of their target genes and encoded proteins. Notably, TFEB (transcription factor EB) activation was associated more strongly with glia than neurons. These findings establish that autophagic sequestration is both competent and upregulated in AD. Autophagosome-lysosome fusion is not evidently altered. Despite this early disease response, however, autophagy flux is progressively impeded due to deficient substrate clearance, as reflected by autolysosomal accumulation of LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62 and expansion of autolysosomal size and total area. We propose that sustained induction of autophagy in the face of progressively declining lysosomal clearance of substrates explains the uncommonly robust autophagic pathology and neuritic dystrophy implicated in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bordi
- a Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute , Orangeburg , NY , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Martin J Berg
- a Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute , Orangeburg , NY , USA
| | - Panaiyur S Mohan
- a Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute , Orangeburg , NY , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | | | - Melissa J Alldred
- a Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute , Orangeburg , NY , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Shaoli Che
- a Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute , Orangeburg , NY , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- a Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute , Orangeburg , NY , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,d Department of Neuroscience and Physiology , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- a Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute , Orangeburg , NY , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,c Department of Cell Biology , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
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72735
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Lu N, Liu J, Wang F, Lou VWQ. Caring for disabled older adults with musculoskeletal conditions: A transactional model of caregiver burden, coping strategies, and depressive symptoms. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 69:1-7. [PMID: 27855319 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between caregiver burden and depressive symptoms among family caregivers caring for disabled older adults with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. METHODS The cross-sectional data were from a quota sampling of 494 pairs of disabled older adults and their primary family caregivers in Shanghai, China. The disabled older adults had MSK conditions and limitations in activities of daily living. The mean ages of the older adults and their caregivers were 83.9 and 62.6 years. Path analysis was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. RESULTS Caregivers of adults with MSK conditions were more likely to use active coping to handle time dependence (β [SD]=0.182 [0.055]) and physical burden (β [SD]=0.226 [0.071]) and to use avoidant coping to handle developmental burden (β [SD]=0.414 [0.061]). Both coping strategies were used to handle social burden(active: β [SD]=0.179 [0.078]; avoidant: β [SD]=0.241 [0.073]). Experiencing emotional burden reduced the likelihood of using both coping strategies (active: β [SD]=-0.266 [0.066]; avoidant: β [SD]=-0.373 [0.062]). Active coping had a protective impact on depressive symptoms (β [SD]=-0.228 [0.050]), whereas avoidant coping had an adverse impact on depressive symptoms (β [SD]=0.232 [0.053]). CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm the mediating effects of coping strategies in the relationship between caregiver burden and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun St., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Medical Social Services, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore
| | - Vivian W Q Lou
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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72736
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Biodegradable Polycaprolactone as Ion Solvating Polymer for Solution-Processed Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36643. [PMID: 27811991 PMCID: PMC5095640 DOI: 10.1038/srep36643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the use of the biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) as the ion solvating polymer in solution-processed light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEC). We show that the inclusion of PCL in the active layer yields higher ionic conductivities and thus contributes to a rapid formation of the dynamic p-i-n junction and reduction of operating voltages. PCL shows no phase separation with the emitter polymer and reduces film roughness. The devices show light-emission at voltages as low as 3.2 V and lifetimes on the order of 30 h operating above 150 cd m−2 with turn-on times <20 s and current and luminous efficacies of 3.2 Cd A−1 and 1.5 lm W−1 respectively.
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72737
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Hong Y, Han YQ, Wang YZ, Gao JR, Li YX, Liu Q, Xia LZ. Paridis Rhizoma Sapoinins attenuates liver fibrosis in rats by regulating the expression of RASAL1/ERK1/2 signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:114-122. [PMID: 27396351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paridis Rhizoma is a Chinese medicinal herb that has been used in liver disease treatment for thousands of years. Our previous studies found that Paridis Rhizoma saponins (PRS) are the critical components of Paridis Rhizoma which has good liver protection effect. However, the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect and the mechanism of PRS have seldom been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential of PRS in the treatment of experimental liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical feature fingerprint of PRS was analyzed by UPLC-PDA. A total of 40 Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the PRS high dose group (PRS H) and the PRS low dose group (PRS L) with 10 rats in each group. The model, PRS H and L groups as liver fibrosis models were established with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) method. PRS H and L groups were adopted PRS (300 and 150mg/kgd-1) treatment since the twelfth week of modeling till the sixteenth week. Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and MASSON trichrome staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the protein expression of the RASAL1. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of ERK1/2 mRNA and protein. RESULTS Four saponins in PRS were identified from 19 detected chromatographic peaks on UPLC-PDA by comparing to the standard compounds. PRS can improve the degeneration and necrosis of hepatic tissue, reduce the extent of its fibrous hyperplasia according to H&E and MASSON staining detection. As was detected in PRS H and L groups, PRS down-regulated p-ERK1/2 mRNA and RASAL1 protein, and up-regulated the level of p-ERK1/2 mRNA and RASAL1 protein. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that PRS can attenuate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through the regulation of RAS/ERK1/2 signal pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/enzymology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cytoprotection
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Hyperplasia
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/enzymology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/enzymology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Melanthiaceae/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Necrosis
- Phosphorylation
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Saponins/isolation & purification
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Yan-Quan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Yong-Zhong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Jia-Rong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Lun-Zhu Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
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72738
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Xu J, Yang H, Jin B, Lou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhong H, Wang H, Wu D, Han B. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients with the L858R point mutation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36371. [PMID: 27811976 PMCID: PMC5095672 DOI: 10.1038/srep36371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) varies among different EGFR mutations. Here, we directly compared the efficacy of first-line TKIs to chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with the L858R mutation. The progression-free survival (PFS) for patients receiving TKIs as first-line therapy was longer than those who received chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.44, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that first-line TKI therapy resulted in longer PFS among non-smokers (HR: 0.41, P < 0.001), male (HR: 0.49, P = 0.002), female (HR: 0.39, P < 0.001), and patients with adenocarcinoma histology (HR: 0.41, P < 0.001). However, among patients with non-adenocarcinoma histology (HR: 1.11, P = 0.824) and those who used to smoke (HR: 0.55, P = 0.093), first-line TKI therapy failed to demonstrate statistically longer PFS compared to chemotherapy. Our results demonstrated that for patients with L858R mutation, first-line TKI therapy provided better survival benefits. However, among non-adenocarcinoma patients and those who used to smoke, the PFS in cohorts receiving first-line chemotherapy or TKI were not significantly different. The results of the current study will be helpful for decision-making in the treatment of patients with L858R mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 230032, China
| | - Haitang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 230032, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 230032, China
| | - Yuqing Lou
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 230032, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 230032, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 230032, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 230032, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 230032, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Central laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 230032, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 230032, China
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72739
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Aceves M, Bancroft EA, Aceves AR, Hook MA. Nor-Binaltorphimine Blocks the Adverse Effects of Morphine after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1164-1174. [PMID: 27736318 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are frequently used for the treatment of pain following spinal cord injury (SCI). Unfortunately, we have shown that morphine administered in the acute phase of SCI results in significant, adverse secondary consequences including compromised locomotor and sensory recovery. Similarly, we showed that selective activation of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), even at a dose 32-fold lower than morphine, is sufficient to attenuate recovery of locomotor function. In the current study, we tested whether activation of the KOR is necessary to produce morphine's adverse effects using nor-Binaltorphimine (norBNI), a selective KOR antagonist. Rats received a moderate spinal contusion (T12) and 24 h later, baseline locomotor function and nociceptive reactivity were assessed. Rats were then administered norBNI (0, 0.02, 0.08, or 0.32 μmol) followed by morphine (0 or 0.32 μmol). Nociception was reassessed 30 min after drug treatment, and recovery was evaluated for 21 days. The effects of norBNI on morphine-induced attenuation of recovery were dose dependent. At higher doses, norBNI blocked the adverse effects of morphine on locomotor recovery, but analgesia was also significantly decreased. Conversely, at low doses, analgesia was maintained, but the adverse effects on recovery persisted. A moderate dose of norBNI, however, adequately protected against morphine's adverse effects without eliminating its analgesic efficacy. This suggests that activation of the KOR system plays a significant role in the morphine-induced attenuation of recovery. Our research suggests that morphine, and other opioid analgesics, may be contraindicated for the SCI population. Blocking KOR activity may be a viable strategy for improving the safety of clinical opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aceves
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Bryan, Texas
| | - Eric A Bancroft
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Bryan, Texas
| | - Alejandro R Aceves
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Bryan, Texas
| | - Michelle A Hook
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Bryan, Texas
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72740
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Integrated computational approach to the analysis of RNA-seq data reveals new transcriptional regulators of psoriasis. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e268. [PMID: 27811935 PMCID: PMC5133374 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease with complex etiology and chronic progression. To provide novel insights into the regulatory molecular mechanisms of the disease, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of 14 pairs of skin samples collected from patients with psoriasis. Subsequent pathway analysis and extraction of the transcriptional regulators governing psoriasis-associated pathways was executed using a combination of the MetaCore Interactome enrichment tool and the cisExpress algorithm, followed by comparison to a set of previously described psoriasis response elements. A comparative approach allowed us to identify 42 core transcriptional regulators of the disease associated with inflammation (NFκB, IRF9, JUN, FOS, SRF), the activity of T cells in psoriatic lesions (STAT6, FOXP3, NFATC2, GATA3, TCF7, RUNX1), the hyperproliferation and migration of keratinocytes (JUN, FOS, NFIB, TFAP2A, TFAP2C) and lipid metabolism (TFAP2, RARA, VDR). In addition to the core regulators, we identified 38 transcription factors previously not associated with the disease that can clarify the pathogenesis of psoriasis. To illustrate these findings, we analyzed the regulatory role of one of the identified transcription factors (TFs), FOXA1. Using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data, we concluded that the atypical expression of the FOXA1 TF is an important player in the disease as it inhibits the maturation of naive T cells into the (CD4+FOXA1+CD47+CD69+PD-L1(hi)FOXP3-) regulatory T cell subpopulation, therefore contributing to the development of psoriatic skin lesions.
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72741
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Guo W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang YP, Zheng H. Inhibiting autophagy increases epirubicin's cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1610-1621. [PMID: 27560771 PMCID: PMC5132286 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrinotherapy are documented to induce autophagy among breast cancer cells, but the role of autophagy in this disease has been attributed as cytoprotective as well as tumor-suppressing. Thus we studied MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines treated with epirubicin (EPI) to assess autophagy and apoptosis. We found out that EPI induced apoptosis and autophagy in both cell lines. The lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 inhibited cellular autophagy and enhanced EPI-triggered apoptosis, perhaps due to inhibition of autolysosome formation, which then inhibited autophagic effects of engulfing and clearing damaged mitochondria. This inhibition increased mitochondrial cytochrome C release which augmented epirubicin-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and cytotoxicity. In addition, the lysosomal neutralizing agent ammonia chloride (AC), and Atg7 knockdown by siRNA, could inhibit epirubicin-triggered autophagy, enhance cytotoxicity, and increase caspase-9- and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Thus, autophagy plays a prosurvival role in EPI-treated MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells, and autophagy inhibition can potentially reverse this effect and increase the cytotoxicity of EPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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72742
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Wang WT, Ye H, Wei PP, Han BW, He B, Chen ZH, Chen YQ. LncRNAs H19 and HULC, activated by oxidative stress, promote cell migration and invasion in cholangiocarcinoma through a ceRNA manner. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:117. [PMID: 27809873 PMCID: PMC5093965 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to play important roles in different cell contexts, including cancers. However, little is known about lncRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a cholangiocyte malignancy with poor prognosis, associated with chronic inflammation and damage to the biliary epithelium. The aim of the study is to identify if any lncRNA might associate with inflammation or oxidative stress in CCA and regulate the disease progression. Methods In this study, RNA-seqs datasets were used to identify aberrantly expressed lncRNAs. Small interfering RNA and overexpressed plasmids were used to modulate the expression of lncRNAs, and luciferase target assay RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was performed to explore the mechanism of miRNA-lncRNA sponging. Results We firstly analyzed five available RNA-seqs datasets to investigate aberrantly expressed lncRNAs which might associate with inflammation or oxidative stress. We identified that two lncRNAs, H19 and HULC, were differentially expressed among all the samples under the treatment of hypoxic or inflammatory factors, and they were shown to be stimulated by short-term oxidative stress responses to H2O2 and glucose oxidase in CCA cell lines. Further studies revealed that these two lncRNAs promoted cholangiocyte migration and invasion via the inflammation pathway. H19 and HULC functioned as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by sponging let-7a/let-7b and miR-372/miR-373, respectively, which activate pivotal inflammation cytokine IL-6 and chemokine receptor CXCR4. Conclusions Our study revealed that H19 and HULC, up-regulated by oxidative stress, regulate CCA cell migration and invasion by targeting IL-6 and CXCR4 via ceRNA patterns of sponging let-7a/let-7b and miR-372/miR-373, respectively. The results suggest that these lncRNAs might be the chief culprits of CCA pathogenesis and progression. The study provides new insight into the mechanism linking lncRNA function with CCA and may serve as novel targets for the development of new countermeasures of CCA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0348-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen- Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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72743
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Chen Y, Gao Y, Zhou L, Tan Y, Li L. A Comparative Study of Dog- and Cat-Induced Injury on Incidence and Risk Factors among Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111079. [PMID: 27827898 PMCID: PMC5129289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Millions of people are bitten by animals each year, with approximately 90% of the injuries being caused by dogs and cats. However, few studies focus on risk factors of dog- and cat-induced injury in China. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the rate of dog- and cat-induced injury and its potential risk factors. Methods: The data were from a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2015, with a sample of 9380 children 6-19 years of age from two cities, Shenzhen (large city) and Shantou (mid-sized city), in southern China. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors of injury by dogs and cats. Results: The total rates of dog and cat-induced injury were 15.1% and 8.7% during the lifetime, and 3.4% and 1.7% during the past year, respectively. Dog bites mostly occurred in the dog's residence (49.4%). Cat scratches were more likely to be inflicted by one's own cat (47.5%). Children living in suburban and island county had 2.83 times and 2.53 times more dog-related injuries than central urban children, respectively. After stratification by cities, injuries in Shantou were correlated with non-single child families (OR (odds ratios), 1.46; 95% CI (95% confidence interval), 1.09-1.96) and raising cats (OR, 5.34; 95% CI, 3.88-7.35). Those who disliked animals (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.88) or had good academic performance (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.35-0.60) had lower risk for injury. Injuries in Shenzhen were related to the mother's educational level (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.11-2.07) and mother being a migrant worker (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.12-3.94). Conclusions: Family factors were important to predict dog- and cat-induced injury among children from Shenzhen, and personal factors were closely associated with injury among children form Shantou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Center for Injury Prevention Research, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yafei Tan
- Center for Injury Prevention Research, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Liping Li
- Center for Injury Prevention Research, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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72744
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Liu D, Chang C, Lu N, Wang X, Lu Q, Ren X, Ren P, Zhao D, Wang L, Zhu Y, He F, Tang L. Comprehensive Proteomics Analysis Reveals Metabolic Reprogramming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Stimulated by the Tumor Microenvironment. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:288-297. [PMID: 27809537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major components of the tumor microenvironment. Although a role for TAMs in promoting tumor progression has been revealed, the differentiation mechanisms and intrinsic signals of TAMs regulated by the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Here we constructed an in vitro TAMs cell model, TES-TAMs, which is from tumor-extract-stimulated bone-marrow-derived macrophages. We performed a comparative proteomics analysis of bone-marrow-derived macrophages and TES-TAMs, which indicated that TES-TAMs possessed characteristic molecular expression of TAMs. Intriguingly, the signal pathways enriched in up-regulated differentially expressed proteins of TAMs demonstrated that glycolysis metabolism reprogramming may play an important role in TAM differentiation. We found that hexokinase-2, a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis, and the downstream proteins PFKL and ENO1 were remarkably increased in both TES-TAMs and primary TAMs from our MMTV-PyMT mice model. This phenomenon was then verified in human THP-1 cell lines stimulated by tumor extract solution from breast cancer patient. Taken together, our study provides insight into the induction of TAM differentiation by the tumor microenvironment through metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Qian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 102206, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Dianyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yunping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Fuchu He
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 102206, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, P. R. China
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72745
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Tampellini M, La Salvia A, Scagliotti GV. Novel investigational therapies for treating biliary tract carcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1423-1436. [PMID: 27771967 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1252330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an epithelial cell malignancy arising from bile ducts and/or peribiliary glands. Even though it is considered as a rare neoplasm, its incidence is raising, particularly in developed countries. Prognosis is generally poor with few patients who present the inclusion criteria for surgery (the mainstay treatment for this tumour). Several genetic alterations potentially driving tumour progression have been described, representing a possible target for new compounds. Areas covered: A clinical trial search in Clinicaltrials.gov encompassing a literature search in PubMed and ASCO/ESMO Websites was undertaken in March 2016. Expert opinion: Notwithstanding a large number of drug tested, results are still disappointing. The main reasons could be the low number of patients enrolled in trials, and the lack of a patient selection based on the biological profile of the tumours. Potential active drugs could have been discharged simply because beneficial in a particular subgroup of patients and not in un unselected population. The future direction of the research should consider biomarker evaluation in order to describe the genetic alteration/s that drive tumour progression and aggressiveness and the mechanisms of drug resistance. Finally, it will be of great interest to consider the results of immunotherapy whenever available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tampellini
- a Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi di Orbassano , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | - A La Salvia
- a Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi di Orbassano , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | - G V Scagliotti
- a Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi di Orbassano , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
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72746
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Poletti S, Locatelli C, Falini A, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Adverse childhood experiences associate to reduced glutamate levels in the hippocampus of patients affected by mood disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:117-22. [PMID: 27449360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) can possibly permanently alter the stress response system, affect the glutamatergic system and influence hippocampal volume in mood disorders. The aim of the study is to investigate the association between glutamate levels in the hippocampus, measured through single proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and ACE in patients affected by mood disorders and healthy controls. Higher levels of early stress associate to reduced levels of Glx/Cr in the hippocampus in depressed patients but not in healthy controls. Exposure to stress during early life could lead to a hypofunctionality of the glutamatergic system in the hippocampus of depressed patients. Abnormalities of glutamatergic signaling could then possibly underpin the structural and functional abnormalities observed in patients affected by mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Poletti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy..
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.; Department of Neuroradiology, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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72747
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Xu Z, Zhu L, Wu W, Liao Y, Zhang W, Deng Z, Shen J, Yuan Q, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Shen W. Immediate early response protein 2 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell adhesion and motility via integrin β1-mediated signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:259-272. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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72748
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Ferraresi A, Phadngam S, Morani F, Galetto A, Alabiso O, Chiorino G, Isidoro C. Resveratrol inhibits IL-6-induced ovarian cancer cell migration through epigenetic up-regulation of autophagy. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1164-1181. [PMID: 27787915 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine released by cancer-associated fibroblasts, has been linked to the invasive and metastatic behavior of ovarian cancer cells. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol with the potential to inhibit cancer cell migration. Here we show that Resveratrol and IL-6 affect in an opposite manner the expression of RNA messengers and of microRNAs involved in cell locomotion and extracellular matrix remodeling associated with the invasive properties of ovarian cancer cells. Among the several potential candidates responsible for the anti-invasive effect promoted by Resveratrol, here we focused our attention on ARH-I (DIRAS3), that encodes a Ras homolog GTPase of 26-kDa. This protein is known to inhibit cell motility, and it has been shown to regulate autophagy by interacting with BECLIN 1. IL-6 down-regulated the expression of ARH-I and inhibited the formation of LC3-positive autophagic vacuoles, while promoting cell migration. On opposite, Resveratrol could counteract the IL-6 induction of cell migration in ovarian cancer cells through induction of autophagy in the cells at the migration front, which was paralleled by up-regulation of ARH-I and down-regulation of STAT3 expression. Spautin 1-mediated disruption of BECLIN 1-dependent autophagy abrogated the effects of Resveratrol, while promoting cell migration. The present data indicate that Resveratrol elicits its anti-tumor effect through epigenetic mechanisms and support its inclusion in the chemotherapy regimen for highly aggressive ovarian cancers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Nanobioimaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Suratchanee Phadngam
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Nanobioimaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Morani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Nanobioimaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Galetto
- Unit of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Oscar Alabiso
- Unit of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Nanobioimaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
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72749
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Wollman SC, Alhassoon OM, Hall MG, Stern MJ, Connors EJ, Kimmel CL, Allen KE, Stephan RA, Radua J. Gray matter abnormalities in opioid-dependent patients: A neuroimaging meta-analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 43:505-517. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1245312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Wollman
- California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Omar M. Alhassoon
- California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew G. Hall
- California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark J. Stern
- California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric J. Connors
- California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth E. Allen
- California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rick A. Stephan
- California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joaquim Radua
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries – CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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72750
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Kaizuka T, Morishita H, Hama Y, Tsukamoto S, Matsui T, Toyota Y, Kodama A, Ishihara T, Mizushima T, Mizushima N. An Autophagic Flux Probe that Releases an Internal Control. Mol Cell 2016; 64:835-849. [PMID: 27818143 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is an intracellular degradation system that utilizes the autophagosome to deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome. Measuring autophagic activity is critically important but remains complicated and challenging. Here, we have developed GFP-LC3-RFP-LC3ΔG, a fluorescent probe to evaluate autophagic flux. This probe is cleaved by endogenous ATG4 proteases into equimolar amounts of GFP-LC3 and RFP-LC3ΔG. GFP-LC3 is degraded by autophagy, while RFP-LC3ΔG remains in the cytosol, serving as an internal control. Thus, autophagic flux can be estimated by calculating the GFP/RFP signal ratio. Using this probe, we re-evaluated previously reported autophagy-modulating compounds, performed a high-throughput screen of an approved drug library, and identified autophagy modulators. Furthermore, we succeeded in measuring both induced and basal autophagic flux in embryos and tissues of zebrafish and mice. The GFP-LC3-RFP-LC3ΔG probe is a simple and quantitative method to evaluate autophagic flux in cultured cells and whole organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kaizuka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaro Hama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institute of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kodama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishihara
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan
| | | | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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