751
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Koren E, Fuchs Y. Modes of Regulated Cell Death in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:245-265. [PMID: 33462123 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell suicide pathways, termed regulated cell death (RCD), play a critical role in organismal development, homeostasis, and pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of key RCD modalities, namely apoptosis, entosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. We explore how various RCD modules serve as a defense mechanism against the emergence of cancer as well as the manner in which they can be exploited to drive oncogenesis. Furthermore, we outline current therapeutic agents that activate RCD and consider novel RCD-based strategies for tumor elimination. SIGNIFICANCE: A variety of antitumor therapeutics eliminate cancer cells by harnessing the devastating potential of cellular suicide pathways, emphasizing the critical importance of RCD in battling cancer. This review supplies a mechanistic perspective of distinct RCD modalities and explores the important role they play in tumorigenesis. We discuss how RCD modules serve as a double-edged sword as well as novel approaches aimed at selectively manipulating RCD for tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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752
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Gasdermin D restricts Burkholderia cenocepacia infection in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:855. [PMID: 33441602 PMCID: PMC7807041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia (B. cenocepacia) is an opportunistic bacterium; causing severe life threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals including cystic fibrosis patients. The lack of gasdermin D (GSDMD) protects mice against endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) shock. On the other hand, GSDMD promotes mice survival in response to certain bacterial infections. However, the role of GSDMD during B. cenocepacia infection is not yet determined. Our in vitro study shows that GSDMD restricts B. cenocepacia replication within macrophages independent of its role in cell death through promoting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production. mROS is known to stimulate autophagy, hence, the inhibition of mROS or the absence of GSDMD during B. cenocepacia infections reduces autophagy which plays a critical role in the restriction of the pathogen. GSDMD promotes inflammation in response to B. cenocepacia through mediating the release of inflammasome dependent cytokine (IL-1β) and an independent one (CXCL1) (KC). Additionally, different B. cenocepacia secretory systems (T3SS, T4SS, and T6SS) contribute to inflammasome activation together with bacterial survival within macrophages. In vivo study confirmed the in vitro findings and showed that GSDMD restricts B. cenocepacia infection and dissemination and stimulates autophagy in response to B. cenocepacia. Nevertheless, GSDMD promotes lung inflammation and necrosis in response to B. cenocepacia without altering mice survival. This study describes the double-edged functions of GSDMD in response to B. cenocepacia infection and shows the importance of GSDMD-mediated mROS in restriction of B. cenocepacia.
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753
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Tsuchiya K. Switching from Apoptosis to Pyroptosis: Gasdermin-Elicited Inflammation and Antitumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E426. [PMID: 33406603 PMCID: PMC7794676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a necrotic form of regulated cell death. Gasdermines (GSDMs) are a family of intracellular proteins that execute pyroptosis. While GSDMs are expressed as inactive forms, certain proteases proteolytically activate them. The N-terminal fragments of GSDMs form pores in the plasma membrane, leading to osmotic cell lysis. Pyroptotic cells release pro-inflammatory molecules into the extracellular milieu, thereby eliciting inflammation and immune responses. Recent studies have significantly advanced our knowledge of the mechanisms and physiological roles of pyroptosis. GSDMs are activated by caspases and granzymes, most of which can also induce apoptosis in different situations, for example where the expression of GSDMs is too low to cause pyroptosis; that is, caspase/granzyme-induced apoptosis can be switched to pyroptosis by the expression of GSDMs. Pyroptosis appears to facilitate the killing of tumor cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes, and it may also reprogram the tumor microenvironment to an immunostimulatory state. Understanding pyroptosis may help the development of cancer immunotherapy. In this review article, recent findings on the mechanisms and roles of pyroptosis are introduced. The effectiveness and limitations of pyroptosis in inducing antitumor immunity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Tsuchiya
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-76-264-6721
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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754
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Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB. Purinergic signalling in host innate immune defence against intracellular pathogens. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114405. [PMID: 33406411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signalling is an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway mediated by extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides. Tri- and diphosphonucleotides released from host cells during intracellular pathogen infections activate plasma membrane purinergic type 2 receptors (P2 receptors) that stimulate microbicidal mechanisms in host innate immune cells. P2X ion channels and P2Y G protein-coupled receptors are involved in activating host innate immune defence mechanisms, phagocytosis, phagolysosomal fusion, production of reactive species, acidification of parasitophorous vacuoles, inflammasome activation, and the release of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. In this review, as part of a special issue in tribute to Geoffrey Burnstock, we discuss advances in understanding the importance of P2 receptors in the host antimicrobial innate mechanisms against intracellular pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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755
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Chen W, Zhang W, Zhou T, Cai J, Yu Z, Wu Z. A Newly Defined Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature for the Prognosis of Bladder Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8109-8120. [PMID: 34803395 PMCID: PMC8594790 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s337735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC), as the most common urinary system tumor type and the main cause of tumor-related death, has an unsatisfactory prognosis. In recent years, related literature has proposed that cell pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death. However, in BC, the relationship between the expression of pyroptosis-related genes and the prognosis has not been elucidated. METHODS We got the RNA sequencing data from TCGA and GEO datasets. Fifty-two pyroptosis-related genes were extracted for further explore. Then, we compared the gene expression levels between the normal bladder and BC tissues. After that, we develop and validate a pyroptosis-related gene prognostic model and made following functional enrichment analysis and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes between the high- and low-risk groups. RESULTS Twenty-nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between normal and tumor tissues. Based on the median score calculated by the risk score formula from 8 pyroptosis-related genes, 414 patients were equally divided into low- and high-risk subgroups. The survival probability of BC patients in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group (P < 0.001). Through multivariate analysis, our risk score is an independent factor predicting OS in BC patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis show that high-risk populations are rich in immune-related genes and have a decreased immune status. All the above results have been externally verified from GEO cohort. CONCLUSION Pyroptosis-related genes are closely related to tumor immunity and are a potential prognostic tool for predicting BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixian Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhixian Yu; Zhigang Wu Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2, Fuxue Road Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China Email ;
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
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756
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Gaul S, Leszczynska A, Alegre F, Kaufmann B, Johnson CD, Adams LA, Wree A, Damm G, Seehofer D, Calvente CJ, Povero D, Kisseleva T, Eguchi A, McGeough MD, Hoffman HM, Pelegrin P, Laufs U, Feldstein AE. Hepatocyte pyroptosis and release of inflammasome particles induce stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2021; 74:156-167. [PMID: 32763266 PMCID: PMC7749849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased hepatocyte death contributes to the pathology of acute and chronic liver diseases. However, the role of hepatocyte pyroptosis and extracellular inflammasome release in liver disease is unknown. METHODS We used primary mouse and human hepatocytes, hepatocyte-specific leucine 351 to proline Nlrp3KICreA mice, and GsdmdKO mice to investigate pyroptotic cell death in hepatocytes and its impact on liver inflammation and damage. Extracellular NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes were isolated from mutant NLRP3-YFP HEK cells and internalisation was studied in LX2 and primary human hepatic stellate cells. We also examined a cohort of 154 adult patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia). RESULTS We demonstrated that primary mouse and human hepatocytes can undergo pyroptosis upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation with subsequent release of NLRP3 inflammasome proteins that amplify and perpetuate inflammasome-driven fibrogenesis. Pyroptosis was inhibited by blocking caspase-1 and gasdermin D activation. The activated form of caspase-1 was detected in the livers and in serum from patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and correlated with disease severity. Nlrp3KICreA mice showed spontaneous liver fibrosis under normal chow diet, and increased sensitivity to liver damage and inflammation after treatment with low dose lipopolysaccharide. Mechanistically, hepatic stellate cells engulfed extracellular NLRP3 inflammasome particles leading to increased IL-1β secretion and α-smooth muscle actin expression. This effect was abrogated when cells were pre-treated with the endocytosis inhibitor cytochalasin B. CONCLUSIONS These results identify hepatocyte pyroptosis and release of inflammasome components as a novel mechanism to propagate liver injury and liver fibrosis development. LAY SUMMARY Our findings identify a novel mechanism of inflammation in the liver. Experiments in cell cultures, mice, and human samples show that a specific form of cell death, called pyroptosis, leads to the release of complex inflammatory particles, the NLRP3 inflammasome, from inside hepatocytes into the extracellular space. From there they are taken up by other cells and thereby mediate inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic stress signals. The discovery of this mechanism may lead to novel treatments for chronic liver diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gaul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Universität Leipzig, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Fernando Alegre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Benedikt Kaufmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Casey D Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Leon A Adams
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alexander Wree
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolina J Calvente
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Davide Povero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Matthew D McGeough
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Pelegrin
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Universität Leipzig, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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757
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Lu C, Guo X, Wang P, Qiu T, Zhan L. Study on the inhibitory effect of ulinastatin on caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in acinar cells of acute pancreatitis. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211050827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pyroptosis, a special kind of cell death, is generally believed to aggravate the inflammatory response. It has been found that the acinar cell pyroptosis exits in the course of pancreatitis. Ulinastatin has the function of inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators, thereby reducing the inflammatory reaction, which suggests that ulinastatin has potential inhibitory effect on pyroptosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ulinastatin on caspase-1-dependent acinar cell pyroptosis in acute pancreatitis. Methods Acute pancreatitis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine. Rats in ulinastatin group were injected with ulinastatin intravenously after successful modeling. The pancreatic tissues of rats were subjected to pathological examination and detection of cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, and IL-18. Serum samples were also collected for measurement of IL-1β, IL-18, amylase, and lipase. Results Slight pathological damage of pancreas was observed in the pancreatitis and the ulinastatin group. Compared with the blank control group ( p < .05), the protein levels of cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, and IL-18 were significantly increased in pancreatitis group but decreased in ulinastatin group ( p < .05). The positive reaction of caspase-1 in pancreatitis group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group ( p < .05). After administration of ulinastatin, the positive reaction of caspase-1 was significantly lower than that in pancreatitis group ( p < .05). As for the levels of serum IL-1β and IL-18, they were significantly higher in pancreatitis group than those in the blank control group ( p < .05). Administration of ulinastatin significantly decreased the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 ( p < .05). And the serum amylase and lipase levels elevated in pancreatitis group, while significantly inhibited by ulinastatin ( p < .05). Conclusions The results showed that the onset of acute pancreatitis was accompanied by obvious acinar cell pyroptosis. Ulinastatin could inhibit caspase-1-dependent acinar cell pyroptosis in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Lu
- Departments of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueling Guo
- Departments of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Departments of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Departments of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linghui Zhan
- Departments of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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758
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Mullins B, Chen J. NLRP9 in innate immunity and inflammation. Immunology 2020; 162:262-267. [PMID: 33283292 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins. Several members of NLRs, notably NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRC4, are able to form cytosolic oligomeric signalling platforms termed inflammasomes to mediate immune response towards pathogens, damage and stress. However, the functions of many NLRs still remain elusive. In the past few years, a couple of less-characterized NLR members are emerging as important signalling molecules with fundamental functions in host defence and inflammation. Among them, NLRP9 is an NLR originally proposed to be expressed and function solely in the reproductive system. Recent evidence has suggested that NLRP9 is also capable of initiating inflammasome formation in the intestine to restrict replication and damage brought by rotavirus infection. Here, we highlight the latest progress in characterization of the role of NLRP9 in infectious and inflammatory diseases, as well as the newest crystallographic and biochemical studies on NLRP9. Finally, we discuss some important questions remained to be answered regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing NLRP9's function in innate immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jueqi Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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759
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P2X7 receptor and the NLRP3 inflammasome: Partners in crime. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114385. [PMID: 33359010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that on one hand plays a central role in cellular energetics and which on the other is a ubiquitous signaling molecule when released into the extracellular media. Extracellular ATP accumulates in inflammatory environments where it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern and activates the purinergic P2X receptor 7 (P2X7) in immune cells. P2X7 receptor activation induces the formation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the activation of the inflammatory caspase-1. Caspase-1 causes an inflammatory type of cell death called pyroptosis through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and intracellular content. Consequently, intense research efforts have been devoted to the design of novel anti-inflammatory therapies, focusing in particular on the P2X7 receptor and the NLRP3 pathway and the introduction of new blocking molecules in early phase clinical trials.
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760
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Zuo L, Zhou L, Wu C, Wang Y, Li Y, Huang R, Wu S. Salmonella spvC Gene Inhibits Pyroptosis and Intestinal Inflammation to Aggravate Systemic Infection in Mice. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:562491. [PMID: 33384666 PMCID: PMC7770238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S). Typhimurium is a primary foodborne pathogen infecting both humans and animals. Salmonella plasmid virulence C (spvC) gene is closely related to S. Typhimurium dissemination in mice, while the mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Pyroptosis, a gasdermin-mediated inflammatory cell death, plays a role in host defense against bacterial infection, whereas the effect of spvC on pyroptosis and its function in inflammatory injury induced by S. Typhimurium are rather limited. In our study, C57BL/6 mice and J774A.1 cells infected with S. Typhimurium wild-type strain SL1344, spvC deletion mutant, spvC K136A site-directed mutant, and complemented strain were used to investigate potential pathogenesis of spvC. We verity that SpvC attenuates intestinal inflammation, suppresses pyroptosis through phosphothreonine lyase activity, and reduces pyroptosis in the ceca. Moreover, the reduction of inflammation via spvC results in systemic infection. These findings demonstrate that spvC inhibits pyroptosis and intestinal inflammation to promote bacterial dissemination, which provide new strategies for controlling systemic infection caused by Salmonella and novel insights for the treatment of other corresponding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zuo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chaoyi Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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761
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Pore-forming proteins: From defense factors to endogenous executors of cell death. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 234:105026. [PMID: 33309552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) and small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a large family of molecules with the common ability to punch holes in cell membranes to alter their permeability. They play a fundamental role as infectious bacteria's defensive tools against host's immune system and as executors of endogenous machineries of regulated cell death in eukaryotic cells. Despite being highly divergent in primary sequence and 3D structure, specific folds of pore-forming domains have been conserved. In fact, pore formation is considered an ancient mechanism that takes place through a general multistep process involving: membrane partitioning and insertion, oligomerization and pore formation. However, different PFPs and AMPs assemble and form pores following different mechanisms that could end up either in the formation of protein-lined or protein-lipid pores. In this review, we analyze the current findings in the mechanism of action of different PFPs and AMPs that support a wide role of membrane pore formation in nature. We also provide the newest insights into the development of state-of-art techniques that have facilitated the characterization of membrane pores. To understand the physiological role of these peptides/proteins or develop clinical applications, it is essential to uncover the molecular mechanism of how they perforate membranes.
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762
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GSDME maintains hematopoietic stem cells by balancing pyroptosis and apoptosis. BLOOD SCIENCE 2020; 3:40-47. [PMID: 35402833 PMCID: PMC8975053 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GSDME contains a pore-forming domain at its N-terminal region to execute pyroptosis. Our previous study has reported that forced expression of Gsdme impairs the reconstitution capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While, how GSDME-mediated pyroptosis regulates HSCs remains unknown. Here, we show that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are capable to undergo pyroptosis in response to cisplatin treatment and GSDME is one of the genes mediating such process. Gsdme−/− mice revealed no difference in the steady state of blood system while Gsdme−/− HSCs exhibited compromised reconstitution capacity due to increased apoptosis. Briefly, this study reveals that GSDME modulates HSC function by coordinating pyroptosis and apoptosis.
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763
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Xu Z, Chen ZM, Wu X, Zhang L, Cao Y, Zhou P. Distinct Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Potassium Efflux for NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:609441. [PMID: 33424864 PMCID: PMC7793832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a core component of innate immunity, and dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome involves developing autoimmune, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Potassium efflux has been reported to be essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation by structurally diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Thus, the molecular mechanisms underlying potassium efflux to activate NLRP3 inflammasome are under extensive investigation. Here, we review current knowledge about the distinction channels or pore-forming proteins underlying potassium efflux for NLRP3 inflammasome activation with canonical/non-canonical signaling or following caspase-8 induced pyroptosis. Ion channels and pore-forming proteins, including P2X7 receptor, Gasdermin D, pannexin-1, and K2P channels involved present viable therapeutic targets for NLRP3 inflammasome related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Mo Chen
- 19th grade, Pharmacy Major, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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764
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Jiang S, Zhou Z, Sun Y, Zhang T, Sun L. Coral gasdermin triggers pyroptosis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/54/eabd2591. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermins are executioners of the inflammatory cell death pathway pyroptosis that has so far been studied exclusively in vertebrates. In this study, we identified gasdermin E (GSDME) homologs in several invertebrate species including corals. We report that coral GSDME was cleaved by caspase 3 at two sites, yielding two active isoforms of GSDME N-terminal domain that were capable of inducing pyroptosis. Ectopic coexpression of coral GSDME and caspase 3 in human cells promoted pyroptosis. Corals infected with Vibrio coralliilyticus, a bacterial pathogen causing rapid tissue necrosis of corals worldwide, exhibited necrotic death with elevated caspase 3 activity and GSDME cleavage, whereas inhibition of caspase 3 blocked GSDME cleavage and protected corals from necrotic death. These results indicate that functional gasdermin exists in invertebrates and that coral gasdermin is involved in pathogen-induced coral death. Furthermore, our studies also suggest that mediation of pyroptosis is an evolutionarily conserved function of gasdermins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology; CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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765
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Weber ANR, Bittner ZA, Shankar S, Liu X, Chang TH, Jin T, Tapia-Abellán A. Recent insights into the regulatory networks of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/23/jcs248344. [PMID: 33273068 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a fascinating cellular machinery endowed with the capacity for rapid proteolytic processing of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the cell death effector gasdermin D (GSDMD). Although its activity is essential to fight infection and support tissue homeostasis, the inflammasome complex, which consists of the danger sensor NLRP3, the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC; also known as PYCARD), caspase-1 and probably other regulatory proteins, also bears considerable potential for detrimental inflammation, as observed in human conditions such as gout, heart attack, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, multi-layered regulatory networks are required to ensure the fine balance between rapid responsiveness versus erroneous activation (sufficient and temporally restricted versus excessive and chronic activity) of the inflammasome. These involve multiple activation, secretion and cell death pathways, as well as modulation of the subcellular localization of NLRP3, and its structure and activity, owing to post-translational modification by other cellular proteins. Here, we discuss the exciting progress that has recently been made in deciphering the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, we highlight open questions and describe areas of research that warrant further exploration to obtain a more comprehensive molecular and cellular understanding of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N R Weber
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany .,iFIT - Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University Hospital Tübingen - Internal Medicine VIII, Otfried-Müller-Str. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zsófia A Bittner
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sangeetha Shankar
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Liu
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chang
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Ana Tapia-Abellán
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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766
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Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of cancer cell death triggered by certain chemotherapeutic drugs, oncolytic viruses, physicochemical therapies, photodynamic therapy, and radiotherapy. It involves the activation of the immune system against cancer in immunocompetent hosts. ICD comprises the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying tumor cells that result in the activation of tumor-specific immune responses, thus eliciting long-term efficacy of anticancer drugs by combining direct cancer cell killing and antitumor immunity. Remarkably, subcutaneous injection of dying tumor cells undergoing ICD has been shown to provoke anticancer vaccine effects in vivo. DAMPs include the cell surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT) and heat-shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90), extracellular release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), type I IFNs and members of the IL-1 cytokine family. In this review, we discuss the cell death modalities connected to ICD, the DAMPs exposed during ICD, and the mechanism by which they activate the immune system. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential and challenges of harnessing ICD in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmed
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Stephen W.G. Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
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767
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Zhang X, Wang R, Hu D, Sun X, Fujioka H, Lundberg K, Chan ER, Wang Q, Xu R, Flanagan ME, Pieper AA, Qi X. Oligodendroglial glycolytic stress triggers inflammasome activation and neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/49/eabb8680. [PMID: 33277246 PMCID: PMC7717916 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelin degeneration and white matter loss resulting from oligodendrocyte (OL) death are early events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that lead to cognitive deficits; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we find that mature OLs in both AD patients and an AD mouse model undergo NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-dependent Gasdermin D-associated inflammatory injury, concomitant with demyelination and axonal degeneration. The mature OL-specific knockdown of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1; a mitochondrial fission guanosine triphosphatase) abolishes NLRP3 inflammasome activation, corrects myelin loss, and improves cognitive ability in AD mice. Drp1 hyperactivation in mature OLs induces a glycolytic defect in AD models by inhibiting hexokinase 1 (HK1; a mitochondrial enzyme that initiates glycolysis), which triggers NLRP3-associated inflammation. These findings suggest that OL glycolytic deficiency plays a causal role in AD development. The Drp1-HK1-NLRP3 signaling axis may be a key mechanism and therapeutic target for white matter degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rihua Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kathleen Lundberg
- Center for Proteomics and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ernest R Chan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Quanqiu Wang
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Psychiatry Case Western Reserve University, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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768
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Flores‐Romero H, Ros U, Garcia‐Saez AJ. Pore formation in regulated cell death. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105753. [PMID: 33124082 PMCID: PMC7705454 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of alternative signaling pathways that regulate cell death has revealed multiple strategies for promoting cell death with diverse consequences at the tissue and organism level. Despite the divergence in the molecular components involved, membrane permeabilization is a common theme in the execution of regulated cell death. In apoptosis, the permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane by BAX and BAK releases apoptotic factors that initiate the caspase cascade and is considered the point of no return in cell death commitment. Pyroptosis and necroptosis also require the perforation of the plasma membrane at the execution step, which involves Gasdermins in pyroptosis, and MLKL in the case of necroptosis. Although BAX/BAK, Gasdermins and MLKL share certain molecular features like oligomerization, they form pores in different cellular membranes via distinct mechanisms. Here, we compare and contrast how BAX/BAK, Gasdermins, and MLKL alter membrane permeability from a structural and biophysical perspective and discuss the general principles of membrane permeabilization in the execution of regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flores‐Romero
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Uris Ros
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Ana J Garcia‐Saez
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
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769
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Zamyatina A, Heine H. Lipopolysaccharide Recognition in the Crossroads of TLR4 and Caspase-4/11 Mediated Inflammatory Pathways. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585146. [PMID: 33329561 PMCID: PMC7732686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide is essential for host defense against Gram-negative bacteria. In response to bacterial infection, the TLR4/MD-2 complex that is expressed on the surface of macrophages, monocytes, dendritic, and epithelial cells senses picomolar concentrations of endotoxic LPS and triggers the production of various pro-inflammatory mediators. In addition, LPS from extracellular bacteria which is either endocytosed or transfected into the cytosol of host cells or cytosolic LPS produced by intracellular bacteria is recognized by cytosolic proteases caspase-4/11 and hosts guanylate binding proteins that are involved in the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. All these events result in the initiation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades directed at bacterial eradication. However, TLR4-mediated signaling and caspase-4/11-induced pyroptosis are largely involved in the pathogenesis of chronic and acute inflammation. Both extra- and intracellular LPS receptors—TLR4/MD-2 complex and caspase-4/11, respectively—are able to directly bind the lipid A motif of LPS. Whereas the structural basis of lipid A recognition by the TLR4 complex is profoundly studied and well understood, the atomic mechanism of LPS/lipid A interaction with caspase-4/11 is largely unknown. Here we describe the LPS-induced TLR4 and caspase-4/11 mediated signaling pathways and their cross-talk and scrutinize specific structural features of the lipid A motif of diverse LPS variants that have been reported to activate caspase-4/11 or to induce caspase-4/11 mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (either upon transfection of LPS in vitro or upon infection of cell cultures with intracellular bacteria or by LPS as a component of the outer membrane vesicles). Generally, inflammatory caspases show rather similar structural requirements as the TLR4/MD-2 complex, so that a “basic” hexaacylated bisphosphorylated lipid A architecture is sufficient for activation. However, caspase-4/11 can sense and respond to much broader variety of lipid A variants compared to the very “narrow” specificity of TLR4/MD-2 complex as far as the number and the length of lipid chains attached at the diglucosamine backbone of lipid A is concerned. Besides, modification of the lipid A phosphate groups with positively charged appendages such as phosphoethanolamine or aminoarabinose could be essential for the interaction of lipid A/LPS with inflammatory caspases and related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Zamyatina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger Heine
- Research Group Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Disease (DZL), Borstel, Germany
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770
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Bauernfried S, Scherr MJ, Pichlmair A, Duderstadt KE, Hornung V. Human NLRP1 is a sensor for double-stranded RNA. Science 2020; 371:science.abd0811. [PMID: 33243852 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes function as intracellular sensors of pathogen infection or cellular perturbation and thereby play a central role in numerous diseases. Given the high abundance of NLRP1 in epithelial barrier tissues, we screened a diverse panel of viruses for inflammasome activation in keratinocytes. We identified Semliki Forest virus (SFV), a positive-strand RNA virus, as a potent activator of human but not murine NLRP1B. SFV replication and the associated formation of double-stranded (ds) RNA was required to engage the NLRP1 inflammasome. Moreover, delivery of long dsRNA was sufficient to trigger activation. Biochemical studies revealed that NLRP1 binds dsRNA through its leucine-rich repeat domain, resulting in its NACHT domain gaining adenosine triphosphatase activity. Altogether, these results establish human NLRP1 as a direct sensor for dsRNA and thus RNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bauernfried
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Karl E Duderstadt
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. .,Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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771
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Wang K, Sun Z, Ru J, Wang S, Huang L, Ruan L, Lin X, Jin K, Zhuge Q, Yang S. Ablation of GSDMD Improves Outcome of Ischemic Stroke Through Blocking Canonical and Non-canonical Inflammasomes Dependent Pyroptosis in Microglia. Front Neurol 2020; 11:577927. [PMID: 33329317 PMCID: PMC7719685 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.577927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a significant cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Recent evidence has proved that pyroptosis, a novel cell death form, contributes to inflammation-induced neuron death and neurological function impairment following ischemic stroke. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a newly discovered key molecule of cell pyroptosis, but its biological function and precise role in ischemic stroke are still unclear. The present study investigates the cleavage activity of GSDMD, localization of pyroptotic cells, and global neuroinflammation in gsdmd -/- mice after I/R. The level of cell pyroptosis around the infarcted area was significantly increased in the acute phase of cerebral I/R injury. The ablation of GSDMD reduced the infraction volume and improved neurological function against cerebral I/R injury. Furthermore, we confirmed I/R injury induced cell pyroptosis mainly in microglia. Knockdown of GSDMD effectively inhibited the secretion of mature IL-1β and IL-18 from microglia cells but did not affect the expression of caspase-1/11 in vitro and in vivo. In summary, blocking GSDMD expression might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhezhe Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Cerebrovascular, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Junnan Ru
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linhui Ruan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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772
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Teng L, Huang Y, Guo J, Li B, Lin J, Ma L, Wang Y, Ye C, Chen Q. Cardiac fibroblast miR-27a may function as an endogenous anti-fibrotic by negatively regulating Early Growth Response Protein 3 (EGR3). J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:73-83. [PMID: 33215816 PMCID: PMC7810947 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy occur due to chronic cardiac stress. The microRNA‐27a (miR‐27a) regulates collagen production across diverse cell types and organs to inhibit fibrosis and could constitute an important therapeutic avenue. However, its impact on hypertrophy and cardiac remodelling is less well‐known. We employed a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) murine model of left ventricular pressure overload to investigate the in vivo effects of genetic miR‐27a knockout, antisense inhibition of miR‐27a‐5p and fibroblast‐specific miR‐27a knockdown or overexpression. In silico Venn analysis and reporter assays were used to identify miR‐27a‐5p's targeting of Early Growth Response Protein 3 (Egr3). We evaluated the effects of miR‐27a‐5p and Egr3 upon transforming growth factor‐beta (Tgf‐β) signalling and secretome of cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. miR‐27a‐5p attenuated TAC‐induced cardiac fibrosis and myofibroblast activation in vivo, without a discernible effect on cardiac myocytes. Molecularly, miR‐27a‐5p inhibited transforming growth factor‐beta (Tgf‐β) signalling and pro‐fibrotic protein secretion in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro through suppressing the pro‐fibrotic transcription factor Early Growth Response Protein 3 (Egr3). This body of work suggests that cardiac fibroblast miR‐27a may function as an endogenous anti‐fibrotic by negatively regulating Egr3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yubing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Lining Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yudai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Cong Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Nursing Department, Hainan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, China
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773
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Shah NR, Voisin TB, Parsons ES, Boyd CM, Hoogenboom BW, Bubeck D. Structural basis for tuning activity and membrane specificity of bacterial cytolysins. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5818. [PMID: 33199689 PMCID: PMC7669874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are pore-forming proteins that serve as major virulence factors for pathogenic bacteria. They target eukaryotic cells using different mechanisms, but all require the presence of cholesterol to pierce lipid bilayers. How CDCs use cholesterol to selectively lyse cells is essential for understanding virulence strategies of several pathogenic bacteria, and for repurposing CDCs to kill new cellular targets. Here we address that question by trapping an early state of pore formation for the CDC intermedilysin, bound to the human immune receptor CD59 in a nanodisc model membrane. Our cryo electron microscopy map reveals structural transitions required for oligomerization, which include the lateral movement of a key amphipathic helix. We demonstrate that the charge of this helix is crucial for tuning lytic activity of CDCs. Furthermore, we discover modifications that overcome the requirement of cholesterol for membrane rupture, which may facilitate engineering the target-cell specificity of pore-forming proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita R Shah
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tomas B Voisin
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Edward S Parsons
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Courtney M Boyd
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Bart W Hoogenboom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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774
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Krawczyk PA, Laub M, Kozik P. To Kill But Not Be Killed: Controlling the Activity of Mammalian Pore-Forming Proteins. Front Immunol 2020; 11:601405. [PMID: 33281828 PMCID: PMC7691655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) are present in all domains of life, and play an important role in host-pathogen warfare and in the elimination of cancers. They can be employed to deliver specific effectors across membranes, to disrupt membrane integrity interfering with cell homeostasis, and to lyse membranes either destroying intracellular organelles or entire cells. Considering the destructive potential of PFPs, it is perhaps not surprising that mechanisms controlling their activity are remarkably complex, especially in multicellular organisms. Mammalian PFPs discovered to date include the complement membrane attack complex (MAC), perforins, as well as gasdermins. While the primary function of perforin-1 and gasdermins is to eliminate infected or cancerous host cells, perforin-2 and MAC can target pathogens directly. Yet, all mammalian PFPs are in principle capable of generating pores in membranes of healthy host cells which-if uncontrolled-could have dire, and potentially lethal consequences. In this review, we will highlight the strategies employed to protect the host from destruction by endogenous PFPs, while enabling timely and efficient elimination of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja A Krawczyk
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Laub
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Kozik
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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775
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia
| | - Abhimanu Pandey
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia.
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776
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Tan G, Huang C, Chen J, Zhi F. HMGB1 released from GSDME-mediated pyroptotic epithelial cells participates in the tumorigenesis of colitis-associated colorectal cancer through the ERK1/2 pathway. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:149. [PMID: 33160389 PMCID: PMC7648939 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a form of proinflammatory gasdermin-mediated programmed cell death. Abnormal mucosal inflammation in the intestine is a critical risk factor for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). However, it is unknown whether pyroptosis participates in the development of CAC. Methods To investigate the role of gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis in the development of CAC, Gsdme−/− mice and their wild-type (WT) littermate controls were challenged with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce a CAC model. Neutralizing antibodies against high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) were used to determine the role of HMGB1 in CAC. To identify the role of ERK1/2 in HMGB1-induced colon cancer cell proliferation, we performed western blotting and CCK8 assays using the ERK1/2-specific inhibitor U0126 in CT26 colon cancer cells. Results In the CAC model, Gsdme−/− mice exhibited reduced weight loss and colon shortening, attenuated rectal prolapse, and reduced tumor numbers and sizes compared to WT littermates. Furthermore, treatment with neutralizing anti-HMGB1 antibodies decreased the numbers and sizes of tumors, ERK1/2 activation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in AOM/DSS-challenged WT mice. In addition, our in vitro experiments demonstrated that HMGB1 induced proliferation and PCNA expression in CT26 colon cancer cells through the ERK1/2 pathway. Conclusion GSDME-mediated pyroptosis promotes the development of CAC by releasing HMGB1, which induces tumor cell proliferation and PCNA expression through the ERK1/2 pathway. This finding reveals a previously unrecognized link between pyroptosis and CAC tumorigenesis and offers new insight into CAC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chongyang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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777
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Tufan A, Lachmann HJ. Familial Mediterranean fever, from pathogenesis to treatment: a contemporary review. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1591-1610. [PMID: 32806879 PMCID: PMC7672358 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2008-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (OMIM #249100) is the most common hereditary autoinflammatory disease in the world. FMF is caused by gain of function mutations of MEFV gene which encodes an immune regulatory protein, pyrin. Over the last few years, we have witnessed several new developments in the pathogenesis, genetic testing, diagnosis, comorbidities, disease related damage and treatment approaches to FMF. Elucidation of some of the pathogenic mechanisms has led to the discovery of pathways involved in inflammatory, metabolic, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases. The use of next generation sequencing in FMF has revealed many new gene variants whose clinical significance may be clarified by developing functional assays and biomarkers. Clinically, although FMF is considered an episodic disease characterized by brief attacks, recent systematic studies have defined several associated chronic inflammatory conditions. Colchicine is the mainstay of FMF treatment, and interleukin (IL)-1 antagonists are the treatment of choice in refractory or intolerant cases. Experience of IL-1 antagonists, anakinra and canakinumab, is now available in thousands of colchicine resistant or intolerant FMF patients. In this contemporary review, we surveyed current FMF knowledge in the light of these recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Tufan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Helen J Lachmann
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust and University College London, London, UK
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778
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Alarcón-Vila C, Baroja-Mazo A, de Torre-Minguela C, Martínez CM, Martínez-García JJ, Martínez-Banaclocha H, García-Palenciano C, Pelegrin P. CD14 release induced by P2X7 receptor restricts inflammation and increases survival during sepsis. eLife 2020; 9:60849. [PMID: 33135636 PMCID: PMC7690950 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor activation induces the release of different cellular proteins, such as CD14, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein to the plasma membrane important for LPS signaling via TLR4. Circulating CD14 has been found at elevated levels in sepsis, but the exact mechanism of CD14 release in sepsis has not been established. Here, we show for first time that P2X7 receptor induces the release of CD14 in extracellular vesicles, resulting in a net reduction in macrophage plasma membrane CD14 that functionally affects LPS, but not monophosphoryl lipid A, pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Also, we found that during a murine model of sepsis, P2X7 receptor activity is important for maintaining elevated levels of CD14 in biological fluids and a decrease in its activity results in higher bacterial load and exacerbated organ damage, ultimately leading to premature deaths. Our data reveal that P2X7 is a key receptor for helping to clear sepsis because it maintains elevated concentrations of circulating CD14 during infection. When the immune system detects an infection, it often launches an inflammatory response to fight off the disease. This defense mechanism is activated by a cascade of signaling molecules that can aggravate inflammation, causing it to damage the body’s own tissues and organs. This life-threatening reaction is referred to as sepsis, and kills around 11 million people each year. New approaches are therefore needed to help alleviate the damage caused by this condition. The inflammatory response is often triggered by proteins called receptors, which sit on the surface of immune cells. When these receptors are activated, they induce cells to secrete proteins that travel around the body and activate immune cells that can eliminate the infection. In 2016, a group of researchers showed that a receptor called P2X7 stimulates the release of a signaling molecule called CD14. Patients with sepsis often have elevated amounts of CD14 in their bloodstream. Yet, it remained unclear what causes this rise in CD14 and what role this molecule plays in the development of sepsis. Now, Alarcón-Vila et al. – including some of the researchers involved in the 2016 study – have investigated the role of P2X7 in mice undergoing sepsis. This was done by puncturing the mice’s intestines, causing bacteria to leak out and initiate an over-active immune response. Alarcón-Vila et al. found that mice lacking the P2X7 receptor had less CD14 and struggled to eliminate the bacterial infection from their system. This increase in bacteria caused excessive damage to the mice’s organs, ultimately leading to premature death. These findings suggest that P2X7 plays an important role in preventing the onset of sepsis by helping maintain high levels of CD14 following infection. This result could help to identify new therapies that reduce the mortality rates of septic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alarcón-Vila
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos de Torre-Minguela
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos M Martínez
- Plataforma de Patología, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan J Martínez-García
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Pelegrin
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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779
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Demarco B, Grayczyk JP, Bjanes E, Le Roy D, Tonnus W, Assenmacher CA, Radaelli E, Fettrelet T, Mack V, Linkermann A, Roger T, Brodsky IE, Chen KW, Broz P. Caspase-8-dependent gasdermin D cleavage promotes antimicrobial defense but confers susceptibility to TNF-induced lethality. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/47/eabc3465. [PMID: 33208362 PMCID: PMC7673803 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a pore-forming protein that promotes pyroptosis and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies revealed that apoptotic caspase-8 directly cleaves GSDMD to trigger pyroptosis. However, the molecular requirements for caspase-8-dependent GSDMD cleavage and the physiological impact of this signaling axis are unresolved. Here, we report that caspase-8-dependent GSDMD cleavage confers susceptibility to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lethality independently of caspase-1 and that GSDMD activation provides host defense against Yersinia infection. We further demonstrate that GSDMD inactivation by apoptotic caspases at aspartate 88 (D88) suppresses TNF-induced lethality but promotes anti-Yersinia defense. Last, we show that caspase-8 dimerization and autoprocessing are required for GSDMD cleavage, and provide evidence that the caspase-8 autoprocessing and activity on various complexes correlate with its ability to directly cleave GSDMD. These findings reveal GSDMD as a potential therapeutic target to reduce inflammation associated with mutations in the death receptor signaling machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Demarco
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - James P Grayczyk
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisabet Bjanes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothée Fettrelet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Mack
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Igor E Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kaiwen W Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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780
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Cardiolipin in Immune Signaling and Cell Death. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:892-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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781
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Fagenson AM, Xu K, Saaoud F, Nanayakkara G, Jhala NC, Liu L, Drummer C, Sun Y, Lau KN, Di Carlo A, Jiang X, Wang H, Karhadkar SS, Yang X. Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury, Enhanced by Trained Immunity, Is Attenuated in Caspase 1/Caspase 11 Double Gene Knockout Mice. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110879. [PMID: 33114395 PMCID: PMC7692674 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) during liver transplantation increases morbidity and contributes to allograft dysfunction. There are no therapeutic strategies to mitigate IRI. We examined a novel hypothesis: caspase 1 and caspase 11 serve as danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) sensors in IRI. By performing microarray analysis and using caspase 1/caspase 11 double-knockout (Casp DKO) mice, we show that the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome regulators are upregulated in mouse liver IRI. Ischemic pre (IPC)- and post-conditioning (IPO) induce upregulation of the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome regulators. Trained immunity (TI) regulators are upregulated in IPC and IPO. Furthermore, caspase 1 is activated during liver IRI, and Casp DKO attenuates liver IRI. Casp DKO maintained normal liver histology via decreased DNA damage. Finally, the decreased TUNEL assay-detected DNA damage is the underlying histopathological and molecular mechanisms of attenuated liver pyroptosis and IRI. In summary, liver IRI induces the upregulation of canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes and TI enzyme pathways. Casp DKO attenuate liver IRI. Development of novel therapeutics targeting caspase 1/caspase 11 and TI may help mitigate injury secondary to IRI. Our findings have provided novel insights on the roles of caspase 1, caspase 11, and inflammasome in sensing IRI derived DAMPs and TI-promoted IRI-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Fagenson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.N.L.); (A.D.C.); (S.S.K.)
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (X.Y.)
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (L.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nirag C. Jhala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Lu Liu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (L.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Kwan N. Lau
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.N.L.); (A.D.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Antonio Di Carlo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.N.L.); (A.D.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (L.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (L.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Sunil S. Karhadkar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.N.L.); (A.D.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (L.L.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (X.Y.)
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782
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Bayly-Jones C, Pang SS, Spicer BA, Whisstock JC, Dunstone MA. Ancient but Not Forgotten: New Insights Into MPEG1, a Macrophage Perforin-Like Immune Effector. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581906. [PMID: 33178209 PMCID: PMC7593815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-expressed gene 1 [MPEG1/Perforin-2 (PRF2)] is an ancient metazoan protein belonging to the Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) branch of the MACPF/Cholesterol Dependent Cytolysin (CDC) superfamily of pore-forming proteins (PFPs). MACPF/CDC proteins are a large and extremely diverse superfamily that forms large transmembrane aqueous channels in target membranes. In humans, MACPFs have known roles in immunity and development. Like perforin (PRF) and the membrane attack complex (MAC), MPEG1 is also postulated to perform a role in immunity. Indeed, bioinformatic studies suggest that gene duplications of MPEG1 likely gave rise to PRF and MAC components. Studies reveal partial or complete loss of MPEG1 causes an increased susceptibility to microbial infection in both cells and animals. To this end, MPEG1 expression is upregulated in response to proinflammatory signals such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Furthermore, germline mutations in MPEG1 have been identified in connection with recurrent pulmonary mycobacterial infections in humans. Structural studies on MPEG1 revealed that it can form oligomeric pre-pores and pores. Strikingly, the unusual domain arrangement within the MPEG1 architecture suggests a novel mechanism of pore formation that may have evolved to guard against unwanted lysis of the host cell. Collectively, the available data suggest that MPEG1 likely functions as an intracellular pore-forming immune effector. Herein, we review the current understanding of MPEG1 evolution, regulation, and function. Furthermore, recent structural studies of MPEG1 are discussed, including the proposed mechanisms of action for MPEG1 bactericidal activity. Lastly limitations, outstanding questions, and implications of MPEG1 models are explored in the context of the broader literature and in light of newly available structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bayly-Jones
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siew Siew Pang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradley A Spicer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michelle A Dunstone
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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783
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A Small Molecule Stabilizer of the MYC G4-Quadruplex Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Senescence and Pyroptosis in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102952. [PMID: 33066043 PMCID: PMC7650714 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The DNA G-quadruplex (G4) present in the promoter of the MYC oncogene, commonly amplified in cancers, including multiple myeloma, represents a potential anti-cancer target. A previously identified MYC G4-stablizer, which demonstrated cytotoxicity and senescence in myeloma cells, was discovered to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and non-apoptotic cell death, pyroptosis. Cancers including myeloma escape apoptosis through upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and drug resistance; therefore, induction of pyroptosis provides an alternate therapeutic option. Thus, our study provides a disease-specific experimental strategy for identifying new investigational drugs in cancer treatment. Abstract New approaches to target MYC include the stabilization of a guanine-rich, G-quadruplex (G4) tertiary DNA structure in the NHE III region of its promoter. Recent screening of a small molecule microarray platform identified a benzofuran, D089, that can stabilize the MYC G4 and inhibit its transcription. D089 induced both dose- and time-dependent multiple myeloma cell death mediated by endoplasmic reticulum induced stress. Unexpectedly, we uncovered two mechanisms of cell death: cellular senescence, as evidenced by increased levels of p16, p21 and γ-H2AX proteins and a caspase 3-independent mechanism consistent with pyroptosis. Cells treated with D089 exhibited high levels of the cleaved form of initiator caspase 8; but failed to show cleavage of executioner caspase 3, a classical apoptotic marker. Cotreatment with the a pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh did not affect the cytotoxic effect of D089. In contrast, cleaved caspase 1, an inflammatory caspase downstream of caspases 8/9, was increased by D089 treatment. Cells treated with D089 in addition to either a caspase 1 inhibitor or siRNA-caspase 1 showed increased IC50 values, indicating a contribution of cleaved caspase 1 to cell death. Downstream effects of caspase 1 activation after drug treatment included increases in IL1B, gasdermin D cleavage, and HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Drug treated cells underwent a ‘ballooning’ morphology characteristic of pyroptosis, rather than ‘blebbing’ typically associated with apoptosis. ASC specks colocalized with NLRP3 in proximity ligation assays after drug treatment, indicating inflammasome activation and further confirming pyroptosis as a contributor to cell death. Thus, the small molecule MYC G4 stabilizer, D089, provides a new tool compound for studying pyroptosis. These studies suggest that inducing both tumor senescence and pyroptosis may have therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
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784
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Momota M, Nagayama M, Okude H, Ishii KJ, Ori D, Kawasaki T, Kawai T. The Ca 2+-dependent pathway contributes to changes in the subcellular localization and extracellular release of interleukin-33. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:699-705. [PMID: 32768188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and plays critical roles in facilitating type-2 immune responses. IL-33 is localized in the nucleus and released to the extracellular milieu during cell death, although the precise mechanisms underlying IL-33 mobilization remain unclear. Here, we found that nigericin, a toxin derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, promoted IL-33 translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol before extracellular release. This translocation was inhibited by chelating Ca2+ with EGTA or membrane protection by glycine treatment. Ca2+ ionophore A23187 stimulation caused IL-33 translocation to the cytoplasm but was not sufficient for extracellular release. However, IL-33 release was induced by detergent treatment, which indicates that membrane rupture is required for IL-33 release. The pore-forming pyroptosis executor gasdermin D was cleaved following nigericin stimulation, and overexpression of the cleaved gasdermin D-N-terminal fragment that forms the membrane pore sufficiently induced IL-33 release, which was blocked by EGTA and glycine. Together, these findings suggest that Ca2+-dependent signals and gasdermin D pore formation are required for robust IL-33 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Momota
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan; CREST, Japan Science Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Mizuka Nagayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Haruna Okude
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan; CREST, Japan Science Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan; CREST, Japan Science Technology Agency, Japan.
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785
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Qu Z, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Xie Y, Jiang Y, Wu J, Luo Z, Liu G, Yin L, Zhang XL. Mycobacterial EST12 activates a RACK1-NLRP3-gasdermin D pyroptosis-IL-1β immune pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/43/eaba4733. [PMID: 33097533 PMCID: PMC7608829 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in eliminating pathogenic infections. However, macrophage pyroptosis-related proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) have largely gone unexplored. Here, we identified a cell pyroptosis-inducing protein, Rv1579c, named EST12, secreted from the M.tb H37Rv region of difference 3. EST12 binds to the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) in macrophages, and the EST12-RACK1 complex recruits the deubiquitinase UCHL5 to promote the K48-linked deubiquitination of NLRP3, subsequently leading to an NLRP3 inflammasome caspase-1/11-pyroptosis gasdermin D-interleukin-1β immune process. Analysis of the crystal structure of EST12 reveals that the amino acid Y80 acts as a critical binding site for RACK1. An EST12-deficient strain (H37RvΔEST12) displayed higher susceptibility to M.tb infection in vitro and in vivo. These results provide the first proof that RACK1 acts as an endogenous host sensor for pathogens and that EST12-RACK1-induced pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in M.tb-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Qu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zuoqin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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786
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787
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pickering
- Departments of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Departments of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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788
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Ruera CN, Miculán E, Pérez F, Ducca G, Carasi P, Chirdo FG. Sterile inflammation drives multiple programmed cell death pathways in the gut. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:211-221. [PMID: 32946645 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0820-660r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells have a rapid turnover, being rapidly renewed by newly differentiated enterocytes, balanced by massive and constant removal of damaged cells by programmed cell death (PCD). The main forms of PCD are apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, with apoptosis being a noninflammatory process, whereas the others drive innate immune responses. Although apoptosis is thought to be the principal means of cell death in the healthy intestine, which mechanisms are responsible for PCD during inflammation are not fully understood. To address this question, we used an in vivo model of enteropathy in wild-type mice induced by a single intragastric administration of the p31-43 gliadin peptide, which is known to elicit transient MyD88, NLRP3, and caspase-1-dependent mucosal damage and inflammation in the small intestine. Here, we found increased numbers of TUNEL+ cells in the mucosa as early as 2 h after p31-43 administration. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed the presence of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in the epithelium and lamina propria. In addition, the presence of mature forms of caspase-1, IL-1β, and gasdermin D showed activation of pyroptosis and inhibition of caspase-1 led to decreased enterocyte death in p31-43-treated mice. There was also up-regulation of RIPK3 in crypt epithelium, suggesting that necroptosis was also occurring. Taken together, these results indicate that the inflammatory response induced by p31-43 can drive multiple PCD pathways in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Ruera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, associated to CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Miculán
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, associated to CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Federico Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, associated to CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gerónimo Ducca
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, associated to CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paula Carasi
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, associated to CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando G Chirdo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, associated to CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
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789
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TYK2 licenses non-canonical inflammasome activation during endotoxemia. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:748-763. [PMID: 32929218 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-canonical inflammasome is an emerging crucial player in the development of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. It is activated by direct sensing of cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by caspase-11 (CASP11), which then induces pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of regulated cell death. Here, we report that tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), a cytokine receptor-associated kinase, is a critical upstream regulator of CASP11. Absence of TYK2 or its kinase activity impairs the transcriptional induction of CASP11 in vitro and in vivo and protects mice from LPS-induced lethality. Lack of TYK2 or its enzymatic activity inhibits macrophage pyroptosis and impairs release of mature IL-1β and IL-18 specifically in response to intracellular LPS. Deletion of TYK2 in myeloid cells reduces LPS-induced IL-1β and IL-18 production in vivo, highlighting the importance of these cells in the inflammatory response to LPS. In support of our data generated with genetically engineered mice, pharmacological inhibition of TYK2 reduced LPS-induced upregulation of CASP11 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and of its homolog CASP5 in human macrophages. Our study provides insights into the regulation of CASP11 in vivo and uncovered a novel link between TYK2 activity and CASP11-dependent inflammation.
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790
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Volchuk A, Ye A, Chi L, Steinberg BE, Goldenberg NM. Indirect regulation of HMGB1 release by gasdermin D. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4561. [PMID: 32917873 PMCID: PMC7486936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released into the extracellular space in response to many inflammatory stimuli, where it is a potent signaling molecule. Although research has focused on downstream HMGB1 signaling, the means by which HMGB1 exits the cell is controversial. Here we demonstrate that HMGB1 is not released from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. We also explore whether HMGB1 is released via the pore-forming protein gasdermin D after inflammasome activation, as is the case for IL-1β. HMGB1 is only released under conditions that cause cell lysis (pyroptosis). When pyroptosis is prevented, HMGB1 is not released, despite inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. During endotoxemia, gasdermin D knockout mice secrete HMGB1 normally, yet secretion of IL-1β is completely blocked. Together, these data demonstrate that in vitro HMGB1 release after inflammasome activation occurs after cellular rupture, which is probably inflammasome-independent in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Volchuk
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Anna Ye
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Leon Chi
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Physiology, The University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Steinberg
- Department of Physiology, The University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Toronto, 123 Edward St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1E2, Canada.
| | - Neil M Goldenberg
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, The University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Toronto, 123 Edward St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1E2, Canada.
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791
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Emerging connectivity of programmed cell death pathways and its physiological implications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:678-695. [PMID: 32873928 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The removal of functionally dispensable, infected or potentially neoplastic cells is driven by programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, highlighting their important roles in homeostasis, host defence against pathogens, cancer and a range of other pathologies. Several types of PCD pathways have been described, including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis; they employ distinct molecular and cellular processes and differ in their outcomes, such as the capacity to trigger inflammatory responses. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have revealed remarkable flexibility in the use of these PCD pathways and indicate a considerable degree of plasticity in their molecular regulation; for example, despite having a primary role in inducing pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases can also induce apoptosis, and conversely, apoptotic stimuli can trigger pyroptosis. Intriguingly, this flexibility is most pronounced in cellular responses to infection, while apoptosis is the dominant cell death process through which organisms prevent the development of cancer. In this Review, we summarize the mechanisms of the different types of PCD and describe the physiological and pathological processes that engage crosstalk between these pathways, focusing on infections and cancer. We discuss the intriguing notion that the different types of PCD could be seen as a single, coordinated cell death system, in which the individual pathways are highly interconnected and can flexibly compensate for one another.
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792
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Muri J, Wolleb H, Broz P, Carreira EM, Kopf M. Electrophilic Nrf2 activators and itaconate inhibit inflammation at low dose and promote IL-1β production and inflammatory apoptosis at high dose. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101647. [PMID: 32863237 PMCID: PMC7387846 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling inflammation is critical for preventing many diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders and hypersensitivity reactions. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that controls the cellular antioxidant and cytoprotective response. Moreover, Nrf2 has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory processes, although the ultimate mechanism by which this is achieved is unknown. Here, we investigated mechanisms of inflammation and cell death pathways induced by a variety of Nrf2 activators including dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and the endogenous metabolite itaconate. We found that exposure of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to low concentrations of a variety of electrophilic Nrf2 activators including itaconate prior to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation inhibits transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin [IL]-12 and IL-1β) by activation of Nrf2. By contrast, high doses of these electrophilic compounds after TLR activation promote inflammatory apoptosis and caspase-8-dependent IL-1β processing and release independently of Nrf2. Interestingly, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a non-electrophilic Nrf2-activator, failed to induce IL-1β production. These results have important implications for clinical application of electrophilic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helene Wolleb
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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793
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McKenzie BA, Fernandes JP, Doan MAL, Schmitt LM, Branton WG, Power C. Activation of the executioner caspases-3 and -7 promotes microglial pyroptosis in models of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:253. [PMID: 32861242 PMCID: PMC7456507 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyroptosis is a type of proinflammatory regulated cell death (RCD) in which caspase-1 proteolytically cleaves gasdermin D (GSDMD) to yield a cytotoxic pore-forming protein. Recent studies have suggested that additional cell death pathways may interact with GSDMD under certain circumstances to execute pyroptosis. Microglia/macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) undergo GSDMD-associated pyroptosis in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) but the contribution of other cell death pathways to this phenomenon is unknown. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that multiple RCD pathways underlie microglial pyroptosis in the context of neuroinflammation. METHODS A siRNA screen of genes with known RCD functions was performed in primary human microglia to evaluate their role in nigericin-induced pyroptosis using supernatant lactate dehydrogenase activity as a read-out of cell lysis. Activation of apoptotic executioner proteins and their contribution to pyroptosis was assessed using semi-quantitative confocal microscopy, high-sensitivity ELISA, immunoblot, cell lysis assays, and activity-based fluorescent probes. Quantification of pyroptosis-related protein expression was performed in CNS lesions from patients with progressive MS and mice with MOG35-55-induced EAE, and in matched controls. RESULTS Among progressive MS patients, activated caspase-3 was detected in GSDMD immunopositive pyroptotic microglia/macrophages within demyelinating lesions. In the siRNA screen, suppression of caspase-3/7, caspase-1, or GSDMD expression prevented plasma membrane rupture during pyroptosis. Upon exposure to pyroptotic stimuli (ATP or nigericin), human microglia displayed caspase-3/7 activation and cleavage of caspase-3/7-specific substrates (e.g., DFF45, ROCK1, and PARP), with accompanying features of pyroptosis including GSDMD immunopositive pyroptotic bodies, IL-1β release, and membrane rupture. Pyroptosis-associated nuclear condensation and pyroptotic body formation were suppressed by caspase-3/7 inhibition. Pharmacological and siRNA-mediated inhibition of caspase-1 diminished caspase-3/7 activation during pyroptosis. In mice with EAE-associated neurological deficits, activated caspase-3 colocalized with GSDMD immunopositivity in lesion-associated macrophages/microglia. CONCLUSIONS Activation of executioner caspases-3/7, widely considered key mediators of apoptosis, contributed to GSDMD-associated microglial pyroptosis under neuroinflammatory conditions. Collectively, these observations highlight the convergence of different cell death pathways during neuroinflammation and offer new therapeutic opportunities in neuroinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brienne A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason P Fernandes
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew A L Doan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Laura M Schmitt
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Power
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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794
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Sun Y, Lu Y, Saredy J, Wang X, Drummer Iv C, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Xu K, Liu M, Yang WY, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. ROS systems are a new integrated network for sensing homeostasis and alarming stresses in organelle metabolic processes. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101696. [PMID: 32950427 PMCID: PMC7767745 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for the progression of cardiovascular diseases, inflammations and tumors. However, the mechanisms of how ROS sense metabolic stress, regulate metabolic pathways and initiate proliferation, inflammation and cell death responses remain poorly characterized. In this analytic review, we concluded that: 1) Based on different features and functions, eleven types of ROS can be classified into seven functional groups: metabolic stress-sensing, chemical connecting, organelle communication, stress branch-out, inflammasome-activating, dual functions and triple functions ROS. 2) Among the ROS generation systems, mitochondria consume the most amount of oxygen; and nine types of ROS are generated; thus, mitochondrial ROS systems serve as the central hub for connecting ROS with inflammasome activation, trained immunity and immunometabolic pathways. 3) Increased nuclear ROS production significantly promotes cell death in comparison to that in other organelles. Nuclear ROS systems serve as a convergent hub and decision-makers to connect unbearable and alarming metabolic stresses to inflammation and cell death. 4) Balanced ROS levels indicate physiological homeostasis of various metabolic processes in subcellular organelles and cytosol, while imbalanced ROS levels present alarms for pathological organelle stresses in metabolic processes. Based on these analyses, we propose a working model that ROS systems are a new integrated network for sensing homeostasis and alarming stress in metabolic processes in various subcellular organelles. Our model provides novel insights on the roles of the ROS systems in bridging metabolic stress to inflammation, cell death and tumorigenesis; and provide novel therapeutic targets for treating those diseases. (Word count: 246).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer Iv
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA; Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA; Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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795
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Linder A, Bauernfried S, Cheng Y, Albanese M, Jung C, Keppler OT, Hornung V. CARD8 inflammasome activation triggers pyroptosis in human T cells. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105071. [PMID: 32840892 PMCID: PMC7527815 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes execute a unique type of cell death known as pyroptosis. Mostly characterized in myeloid cells, caspase‐1 activation downstream of an inflammasome sensor results in the cleavage and activation of gasdermin D (GSDMD), which then forms a lytic pore in the plasma membrane. Recently, CARD8 was identified as a novel inflammasome sensor that triggers pyroptosis in myeloid leukemia cells upon inhibition of dipeptidyl‐peptidases (DPP). Here, we show that blocking DPPs using Val‐boroPro triggers a lytic form of cell death in primary human CD4 and CD8 T cells, while other prototypical inflammasome stimuli were not active. This cell death displays morphological and biochemical hallmarks of pyroptosis. By genetically dissecting candidate components in primary T cells, we identify this response to be dependent on the CARD8‐caspase‐1‐GSDMD axis. Moreover, DPP9 constitutes the relevant DPP restraining CARD8 activation. Interestingly, this CARD8‐induced pyroptosis pathway can only be engaged in resting, but not in activated T cells. Altogether, these results broaden the relevance of inflammasome signaling and associated pyroptotic cell death to T cells, central players of the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Linder
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauernfried
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yiming Cheng
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Albanese
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christophe Jung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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796
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Negishi Y, Shima Y, Takeshita T, Morita R. Harmful and beneficial effects of inflammatory response on reproduction: sterile and pathogen-associated inflammation. Immunol Med 2020; 44:98-115. [PMID: 32838688 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1809951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In reproduction, inflammatory processes play important roles in the development of many pregnancy complications such as preterm labor/birth, recurrent pregnancy loss, recurrent implantation failure, and preeclampsia. Inflammation can be initiated by both microbial and non-microbial causes. Bacterial infection in the feto-maternal interface and uterus can provoke preterm labor/birth, miscarriage, and chronic endometritis. By contrast, inflammation without infection, or 'sterile inflammation,' can also lead to many kinds of complications, such as preterm labor/birth, miscarriage, or preeclampsia. Aberrant inflammation is facilitated by immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and invariant natural killer T cells. In addition, cytokines, chemokines, and several kinds of inflammatory mediators are involved. On the other hand, appropriate inflammation is required for a successful offspring during the progression of the entire pregnancy. Herein, we discuss the relation between pregnancy and inflammation with immunological alterations. Understanding the role of inflammation in complications during pregnancy may establish new perspectives of the progress of normal pregnancy as well as treatments during pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Negishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Shima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takeshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rimpei Morita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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797
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Elizagaray ML, Gomes MTR, Guimaraes ES, Rumbo M, Hozbor DF, Oliveira SC, Moreno G. Canonical and Non-canonical Inflammasome Activation by Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived From Bordetella pertussis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1879. [PMID: 32973778 PMCID: PMC7468456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) derived from different Gram-negative bacteria have been proposed as an attractive vaccine platform because of their own immunogenic adjuvant properties. Pertussis or whooping cough is a highly contagious vaccine-preventable respiratory disease that resurged during the last decades in many countries. In response to the epidemiological situation, new boosters have been incorporated into vaccination schedules worldwide and new vaccine candidates have started to be designed. Particularly, our group designed a new pertussis vaccine candidate based on OMVs derived from Bordetella pertussis (BpOMVs). To continue with the characterization of the immune response induced by our OMV based vaccine candidate, this work aimed to investigate the ability of OMVs to activate the inflammasome pathway in macrophages. We observed that NLRP3, caspase-1/11, and gasdermin-D (GSDMD) are involved in inflammasome activation by BpOMVs. Moreover, we demonstrated that BpOMVs as well as transfected B. pertussis lipooligosaccharide (BpLOS) induce caspase-11 (Casp11) and guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) dependent non-canonical inflammasome activation. Our results elucidate the mechanism by which BpOMVs trigger one central pathway of the innate response activation that is expected to skew the adaptive immune response elicited by BpOMVs vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia L Elizagaray
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marco Túlio R Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erika S Guimaraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Martín Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela F Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CCT-CONICET La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Griselda Moreno
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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798
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Deng C, Liu L, Liu L, Wang Q, Guo X, Lee W, Li S, Zhang Y. A secreted pore‐forming protein modulates cellular endolysosomes to augment antigen presentation. FASEB J 2020; 34:13609-13625. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001176r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Ling‐Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Qi‐Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Xiao‐Long Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Wen‐Hui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Sheng‐An Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology Faculty of Basic Medical Science Kunming Medical University Kunming China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
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799
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Wentzel AS, Petit J, van Veen WG, Fink IR, Scheer MH, Piazzon MC, Forlenza M, Spaink HP, Wiegertjes GF. Transcriptome sequencing supports a conservation of macrophage polarization in fish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13470. [PMID: 32778701 PMCID: PMC7418020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian macrophages can adopt polarization states that, depending on the exact stimuli present in their extracellular environment, can lead to very different functions. Although these different polarization states have been shown primarily for macrophages of humans and mice, it is likely that polarized macrophages with corresponding phenotypes exist across mammals. Evidence of functional conservation in macrophages from teleost fish suggests that the same, or at least comparable polarization states should also be present in teleosts. However, corresponding transcriptional profiles of marker genes have not been reported thus far. In this study we confirm that macrophages from common carp can polarize into M1- and M2 phenotypes with conserved functions and corresponding transcriptional profiles compared to mammalian macrophages. Carp M1 macrophages show increased production of nitric oxide and a transcriptional profile with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including il6, il12 and saa. Carp M2 macrophages show increased arginase activity and a transcriptional profile with increased anti-inflammatory mediators, including cyr61, timp2b and tgm2b. Our RNA sequencing approach allowed us to list, in an unbiased manner, markers discriminating between M1 and M2 macrophages of teleost fish. We discuss the importance of our findings for the evaluation of immunostimulants for aquaculture and for the identification of gene targets to generate transgenic zebrafish for detailed studies on M1 and M2 macrophages. Above all, we discuss the striking degree of evolutionary conservation of macrophage polarization in a lower vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelieke S Wentzel
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Petit
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter G van Veen
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Rosenbek Fink
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen H Scheer
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2332 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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800
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Gautheron J, Gores GJ, Rodrigues CMP. Lytic cell death in metabolic liver disease. J Hepatol 2020; 73:394-408. [PMID: 32298766 PMCID: PMC7371520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is intrinsically associated with inflammatory liver disease and is pivotal in governing outcomes of metabolic liver disease. Different types of cell death may coexist as metabolic liver disease progresses to inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. In addition to apoptosis, lytic forms of hepatocellular death, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis elicit strong inflammatory responses due to cell membrane permeabilisation and release of cellular components, contributing to the recruitment of immune cells and activation of hepatic stellate cells. The control of liver cell death is of fundamental importance and presents novel opportunities for potential therapeutic intervention. This review summarises the underlying mechanism of distinct lytic cell death modes and their commonalities, discusses their relevance to metabolic liver diseases of different aetiologies, and acknowledges the limitations of current knowledge in the field. We focus on the role of hepatocyte necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease and other metabolic liver disorders, as well as potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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