751
|
Jeong G, Lee JW, Gong G, Ko H, Choi I, Seo H, Lee Y, Millward NMZ, Bhattacharya PK. Bio-interfacial magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized contrast agents for metabolic flux interrogation in vivo. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
752
|
Daniels CJ, McLean MA, Schulte RF, Robb FJ, Gill AB, McGlashan N, Graves MJ, Schwaiger M, Lomas DJ, Brindle KM, Gallagher FA. A comparison of quantitative methods for clinical imaging with hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:387-99. [PMID: 27414749 PMCID: PMC4833181 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enables the metabolism of hyperpolarized (13)C-labelled molecules, such as the conversion of [1-(13)C]pyruvate to [1-(13)C]lactate, to be dynamically and non-invasively imaged in tissue. Imaging of this exchange reaction in animal models has been shown to detect early treatment response and correlate with tumour grade. The first human DNP study has recently been completed, and, for widespread clinical translation, simple and reliable methods are necessary to accurately probe the reaction in patients. However, there is currently no consensus on the most appropriate method to quantify this exchange reaction. In this study, an in vitro system was used to compare several kinetic models, as well as simple model-free methods. Experiments were performed using a clinical hyperpolarizer, a human 3 T MR system, and spectroscopic imaging sequences. The quantitative methods were compared in vivo by using subcutaneous breast tumours in rats to examine the effect of pyruvate inflow. The two-way kinetic model was the most accurate method for characterizing the exchange reaction in vitro, and the incorporation of a Heaviside step inflow profile was best able to describe the in vivo data. The lactate time-to-peak and the lactate-to-pyruvate area under the curve ratio were simple model-free approaches that accurately represented the full reaction, with the time-to-peak method performing indistinguishably from the best kinetic model. Finally, extracting data from a single pixel was a robust and reliable surrogate of the whole region of interest. This work has identified appropriate quantitative methods for future work in the analysis of human hyperpolarized (13)C data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlie J Daniels
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary A McLean
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew B Gill
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas McGlashan
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin J Graves
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David J Lomas
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
753
|
Inhibition of Lipid Oxidation Increases Glucose Metabolism and Enhances 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]Fluoro-D-Glucose Uptake in Prostate Cancer Mouse Xenografts. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 17:529-38. [PMID: 25561013 PMCID: PMC4493937 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States. Due to the lipid-driven metabolic phenotype of PCa, imaging with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) is suboptimal, since tumors tend to have low avidity for glucose. Procedures We have used the fat oxidation inhibitor etomoxir (2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate) that targets carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase-1 (CPT-1) to increase glucose uptake in PCa cell lines. Small hairpin RNA specific for CPT1A was used to confirm the glycolytic switch induced by etomoxir in vitro. Systemic etomoxir treatment was used to enhance [18F]FDG-positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) imaging in PCa xenograft mouse models in 24 h. Results PCa cells significantly oxidize more of circulating fatty acids than benign cells via CPT-1 enzyme, and blocking this lipid oxidation resulted in activation of the Warburg effect and enhanced [18F]FDG signal in PCa mouse models. Conclusions Inhibition of lipid oxidation plays a major role in elevating glucose metabolism of PCa cells, with potential for imaging enhancement that could also be extended to other cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11307-014-0814-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
754
|
Ludwig U, Eisenbeiss AK, Scheifele C, Nelson K, Bock M, Hennig J, von Elverfeldt D, Herdt O, Flügge T, Hövener JB. Dental MRI using wireless intraoral coils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23301. [PMID: 27021387 PMCID: PMC4810435 DOI: 10.1038/srep23301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the gold standard for dental imaging is projection radiography or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). These methods are fast and cost-efficient, but exhibit poor soft tissue contrast and expose the patient to ionizing radiation (X-rays). The need for an alternative imaging modality e.g. for soft tissue management has stimulated a rising interest in dental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which provides superior soft tissue contrast. Compared to X-ray imaging, however, so far the spatial resolution of MRI is lower and the scan time is longer. In this contribution, we describe wireless, inductively-coupled intraoral coils whose local sensitivity enables high resolution MRI of dental soft tissue. In comparison to CBCT, a similar image quality with complementary contrast was obtained ex vivo. In-vivo, a voxel size of the order of 250 ∙ 250 ∙ 500 μm(3) was achieved in 4 min only. Compared to dental MRI acquired with clinical equipment, the quality of the images was superior in the sensitive volume of the coils and is expected to improve the planning of interventions and monitoring thereafter. This method may enable a more accurate dental diagnosis and avoid unnecessary interventions, improving patient welfare and bringing MRI a step closer to becoming a radiation-free alternative for dental imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Ludwig
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Eisenbeiss
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Scheifele
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Nelson
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Herdt
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tabea Flügge
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
755
|
Kumar D, Gupta A, Nath K. NMR-based metabolomics of prostate cancer: a protagonist in clinical diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:651-61. [PMID: 26959614 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1164037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the application of NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomic profiling of prostate cancer comprises a potential tactic for understanding the impaired biochemical pathways arising due to a disease evolvement and progression. This technique involves qualitative and quantitative estimation of plethora of small molecular weight metabolites of body fluids or tissues using state-of-the-art chemometric methods delivering an important platform for translational research from basic to clinical, to reveal the pathophysiological snapshot in a single step. This review summarizes the present arrays and recent advancements in NMR-based metabolomics and a glimpse of currently used medical imaging tactics, with their role in clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- a Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus , Lucknow , UP , India
| | - Ashish Gupta
- a Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus , Lucknow , UP , India
| | - Kavindra Nath
- b Department of Radiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
756
|
Shchepin RV, Barskiy DA, Mikhaylov DM, Chekmenev EY. Efficient Synthesis of Nicotinamide-1-¹⁵N for Ultrafast NMR Hyperpolarization Using Parahydrogen. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:878-82. [PMID: 26999571 PMCID: PMC4843783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Nicotinamide (a vitamin B3 amide) is one of the key
vitamins as well as a drug for treatment of M. tuberculosis, HIV, cancer, and other diseases. Here, an improved Zincke reaction
methodology is presented allowing for straightforward and scalable
synthesis of nicotinamide-1-15N with an excellent isotopic
purity (98%) and good yield (55%). 15N nuclear spin label
in nicotinamide-1-15N can be NMR hyperpolarized in seconds
using parahydrogen gas. NMR hyperpolarization using the process of
temporary conjugation between parahydrogen and to-be-hyperpolarized
biomolecule on hexacoordinate iridium complex via the Signal Amplification
By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) method significantly increases detection
sensitivity (e.g., >20 000-fold for nicotinamide-1-15N at 9.4 T) as has been shown by Theis T. et al. (J. Am.
Chem. Soc.2015, 137, 1404),
and hyperpolarized in this fashion, nicotinamide-1-15N
can be potentially used to probe metabolic processes in vivo in future
studies. Moreover, the presented synthetic methodology utilizes mild
reaction conditions, and therefore can also be potentially applied
to synthesis of a wide range of 15N-enriched N-heterocycles
that can be used as hyperpolarized contrast agents for future in vivo
molecular imaging studies.
Collapse
|
757
|
Abstract
Imaging reveals complex structures and dynamic interactive processes, located deep inside the body, that are otherwise difficult to decipher. Numerous imaging modalities harness every last inch of the energy spectrum. Clinical modalities include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and light-based methods [endoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT)]. Research modalities include various light microscopy techniques (confocal, multiphoton, total internal reflection, superresolution fluorescence microscopy), electron microscopy, mass spectrometry imaging, fluorescence tomography, bioluminescence, variations of OCT, and optoacoustic imaging, among a few others. Although clinical imaging and research microscopy are often isolated from one another, we argue that their combination and integration is not only informative but also essential to discovering new biology and interpreting clinical datasets in which signals invariably originate from hundreds to thousands of cells per voxel.
Collapse
|
758
|
Viswanath P, Chaumeil MM, Ronen SM. Molecular Imaging of Metabolic Reprograming in Mutant IDH Cells. Front Oncol 2016; 6:60. [PMID: 27014635 PMCID: PMC4789800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) have recently been identified as drivers in the development of several tumor types. Most notably, cytosolic IDH1 is mutated in 70-90% of low-grade gliomas and upgraded glioblastomas, and mitochondrial IDH2 is mutated in ~20% of acute myeloid leukemia cases. Wild-type IDH catalyzes the interconversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Mutations in the enzyme lead to loss of wild-type enzymatic activity and a neomorphic activity that converts α-KG to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). In turn, 2-HG, which has been termed an "oncometabolite," inhibits key α-KG-dependent enzymes, resulting in alterations of the cellular epigenetic profile and, subsequently, inhibition of differentiation and initiation of tumorigenesis. In addition, it is now clear that the IDH mutation also induces a broad metabolic reprograming that extends beyond 2-HG production, and this reprograming often differs from what has been previously reported in other cancer types. In this review, we will discuss in detail what is known to date about the metabolic reprograming of mutant IDH cells, and how this reprograming has been investigated using molecular metabolic imaging. We will describe how metabolic imaging has helped shed light on the basic biology of mutant IDH cells, and how this information can be leveraged to identify new therapeutic targets and to develop new clinically translatable imaging methods to detect and monitor mutant IDH tumors in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
759
|
Serrao EM, Brindle KM. Potential Clinical Roles for Metabolic Imaging with Hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]Pyruvate. Front Oncol 2016; 6:59. [PMID: 27014634 PMCID: PMC4786548 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Serrao
- Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
760
|
O h-Ici D, Wespi P, Busch J, Wissmann L, Krajewski M, Weiss K, Sigfridsson A, Messroghli D, Kozerke S. Hyperpolarized Metabolic MR Imaging of Acute Myocardial Changes and Recovery after Ischemia-Reperfusion in a Small-Animal Model. Radiology 2016; 278:742-51. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015151332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
761
|
Comment A. Dissolution DNP for in vivo preclinical studies. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2016; 264:39-48. [PMID: 26920829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous polarization enhancement afforded by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can be taken advantage of to perform preclinical in vivo molecular and metabolic imaging. Following the injection of molecules that are hyperpolarized via dissolution DNP, real-time measurements of their biodistribution and metabolic conversion can be recorded. This technology therefore provides a unique and invaluable tool for probing cellular metabolism in vivo in animal models in a noninvasive manner. It gives the opportunity to follow and evaluate disease progression and treatment response without requiring ex vivo destructive tissue assays. Although its considerable potential has now been widely recognized, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance by dissolution DNP remains a challenging method to implement for routine in vivo preclinical measurements. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art technology for preclinical applications and the challenges that need to be addressed to promote it and allow its wider dissemination in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Comment
- General Electric Healthcare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom; Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
762
|
Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized Renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Potential and Pitfalls. Front Physiol 2016; 7:72. [PMID: 26973539 PMCID: PMC4771722 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) technology has enabled a new paradigm for renal imaging investigations. It allows standard magnetic resonance imaging complementary renal metabolic and functional fingerprints within seconds without the use of ionizing radiation. Increasing evidence supports its utility in preclinical research in which the real-time interrogation of metabolic turnover can aid the physiological and pathophysiological metabolic and functional effects in ex vivo and in vivo models. The method has already been translated to humans, although the clinical value of this technology is unknown. In this paper, I review the potential benefits and pitfalls associated with dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization in preclinical research and its translation to renal patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Laustsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
763
|
Theis T, Ortiz GX, Logan AWJ, Claytor KE, Feng Y, Huhn WP, Blum V, Malcolmson SJ, Chekmenev EY, Wang Q, Warren WS. Direct and cost-efficient hyperpolarization of long-lived nuclear spin states on universal (15)N2-diazirine molecular tags. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501438. [PMID: 27051867 PMCID: PMC4820385 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) faces serious sensitivity limitations which can be overcome by hyperpolarization methods, but the most common method (dynamic nuclear polarization) is complex and expensive, and applications are limited by short spin lifetimes (typically seconds) of biologically relevant molecules. We use a recently developed method, SABRE-SHEATH, to directly hyperpolarize (15)N2 magnetization and long-lived (15)N2 singlet spin order, with signal decay time constants of 5.8 and 23 minutes, respectively. We find >10,000-fold enhancements generating detectable nuclear MR signals that last for over an hour. (15)N2-diazirines represent a class of particularly promising and versatile molecular tags, and can be incorporated into a wide range of biomolecules without significantly altering molecular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (W.S.W.); (Q.W.); (T.T.)
| | | | | | | | - Yesu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - William P. Huhn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (W.S.W.); (Q.W.); (T.T.)
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (W.S.W.); (Q.W.); (T.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
764
|
Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. On the present and future of dissolution-DNP. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2016; 264:3-12. [PMID: 26920825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution-DNP is a method to create solutions of molecules with nuclear spin polarization close to unity. The many orders of magnitude signal enhancement have enabled many new applications, in particular in vivo MR metabolic imaging. The method relies on solid state dynamic nuclear polarization at low temperature followed by a dissolution to produce the room temperature solution of highly polarized spins. This work describes the present and future of dissolution-DNP in the mind of the author. The article describes some of the current trends in the field as well as outlines some of the areas where new ideas will make an impact. Most certainly, the future will take unpredicted directions, but hopefully the thoughts presented here will stimulate new ideas that can further advance the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; GE Healthcare, Brøndby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
765
|
Bornet A, Jannin S. Optimizing dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2016; 264:13-21. [PMID: 26920826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This article is a short review of some of our recent developments in dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP). We present the basic principles of d-DNP, and motivate our choice to step away from conventional approaches. We then introduce a modified d-DNP recipe that can be summed up as follows. (i) Using broad line polarizing agents to efficiently polarize 1H spins. (ii) Increasing the magnetic field to 6.7 T and above. (iii) Applying microwave frequency modulation. (iv) Applying (1)H-(13)C cross polarization. (v) Transferring hyperpolarized solution through a magnetic tunnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bornet
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sami Jannin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
766
|
Serrao EM, Kettunen MI, Rodrigues TB, Dzien P, Wright AJ, Gopinathan A, Gallagher FA, Lewis DY, Frese KK, Almeida J, Howat WJ, Tuveson DA, Brindle KM. MRI with hyperpolarised [1-13C]pyruvate detects advanced pancreatic preneoplasia prior to invasive disease in a mouse model. Gut 2016; 65:465-75. [PMID: 26347531 PMCID: PMC4789827 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is treatable by surgery when detected at an early stage. Non-invasive imaging methods able to detect both established tumours and their precursor lesions are needed to select patients for surgery. We investigated here whether pancreatic preneoplasia could be detected prior to the development of invasive cancers in genetically engineered mouse models of PCa using metabolic imaging. DESIGN The concentrations of alanine and lactate and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured in extracts prepared from the pancreas of animals at different stages of disease progression; from pancreatitis, through tissue with predominantly low-grade and then high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and then tumour. (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ((13)C-MRSI) was used to measure non-invasively changes in (13)C labelling of alanine and lactate with disease progression, following injection of hyperpolarised [1-(13)C]pyruvate. RESULTS Progressive decreases in the alanine/lactate concentration ratio and ALT/LDH activity ratio with disease progression were accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the [1-(13)C]alanine/[1-(13)C]lactate signal ratio observed in (13)C-MRSI images of the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarised [1-(13)C]pyruvate enables detection and monitoring of the progression of PCa precursor lesions. Translation of this MRI technique to the clinic has the potential to improve the management of patients at high risk of developing PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Serrao
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mikko I Kettunen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiago B Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Piotr Dzien
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan J Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aarthi Gopinathan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Y Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jaime Almeida
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William J Howat
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
767
|
Sriram R, Van Criekinge M, DeLos Santos J, Keshari KR, Wilson DM, Peehl D, Kurhanewicz J, Wang ZJ. Non-invasive differentiation of benign renal tumors from clear cell renal cell carcinomas using clinically translatable hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate magnetic resonance. Tomography 2016; 2:35-42. [PMID: 27227168 PMCID: PMC4876723 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized renal tumors are increasingly detected incidentally at imaging. Conventional imaging cannot reliably differentiate the 20% of these tumors that are benign from malignant renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), leading to unnecessary surgical resection and resulting morbidity associated with surgery. Here, we investigated hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate metabolism in live patient-derived renal tumor tissue slices using a novel magnetic resonance (MR) -compatible bioreactor platform. We demonstrated for the first time that clear cell RCCs (ccRCCs), which account for 70-80% of all RCCs, have increased lactate production as well as rapid lactate efflux compared to benign renal tumors. This difference is attributed to increased lactate dehydrogenase A and monocarboxylate transporter 4 expression in ccRCCs. This distinctive metabolic phenotype can be used to differentiate RCCs from benign renal tumors using clinically translatable hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate MR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Sriram
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Justin DeLos Santos
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Donna Peehl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zhen J Wang
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
768
|
Wiśniewski D, Karabanov A, Lesanovsky I, Köckenberger W. Solid effect DNP polarization dynamics in a system of many spins. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2016; 264:30-38. [PMID: 26920828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the polarization dynamics during solid effect dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in a central spin model that consists of an electron surrounded by many nuclei. To this end we use a recently developed formalism and validate first its performance by comparing its predictions to results obtained by solving the Liouville von Neumann master equation. The use of a Monte Carlo method in our formalism makes it possible to significantly increase the number of spins considered in the model system. We then analyse the dependence of the nuclear bulk polarization on the presence of nuclei in the vicinity of the electron and demonstrate that increasing the minimal distance between nuclei and electrons leads to a rise of the nuclear bulk polarization. These observations have implications for the design of radicals that can lead to improved values of nuclear spin polarization. Furthermore, we discuss the potential to extend our formalism to more complex spin systems such as cross effect DNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wiśniewski
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Karabanov
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Köckenberger
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
769
|
Braren RF, Siveke JT. Next-generation metabolic imaging in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2016; 65:367-9. [PMID: 26464413 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rickmer F Braren
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Division of Translational Solid Tumor Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
770
|
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the commonest solid-organ cancer diagnosed in males and represents an important source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing prostate cancer and informs the ongoing management of the disease at all stages. Several novel molecular imaging technologies have been developed recently that have the potential to revolutionise disease diagnosis and the surveillance of patients living with prostate cancer. These innovations include hyperpolarised MRI, choline PET/CT and PSMA PET/CT. The major utility of choline and PSMA PET/CT currently lies in their sensitivity for detecting early recurrence after radical treatment for prostate cancer and identifying discrete lesions that may be amenable to salvage therapy. Molecular imaging is likely to play a future role in characterising genetic and biochemical signatures in individual tumours, which may be of particular significance as cancer therapies move into an era of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Leiblich
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford NHS Trust, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, UK.
| | - Daniel Stevens
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Prasanna Sooriakumaran
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
771
|
Abstract
The field of metabolism research has made a dramatic resurgence in recent years, fueled by a newfound appreciation of the interactions between metabolites and phenotype. Metabolic substrates and their products can be biomarkers of a wide range of pathologies, including cancer, but our understanding of their in vivo interactions and pathways has been hindered by the robustness of noninvasive imaging approaches. The past 3 decades have been flushed with the development of new techniques for the study of metabolism in vivo. These methods include nuclear-based, predominantly positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, many of which have been translated to the clinic. The purpose of this review was to introduce both long-standing imaging strategies as well as novel approaches to the study of perturbed metabolic pathways in the setting of carcinogenesis. This will involve descriptions of nuclear probes labeled with C and F as well C for study using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging. Highlighting both advantages and disadvantages of each approach, the aim of this summary was to provide the reader with a framework for interrogation of metabolic aberrations in their system of interest.
Collapse
|
772
|
Balzan R, Fernandes L, Comment A, Pidial L, Tavitian B, Vasos PR. Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR. J Vis Exp 2016:53548. [PMID: 26967906 DOI: 10.3791/53548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main limitation of NMR-based investigations is low sensitivity. This prompts for long acquisition times, thus preventing real-time NMR measurements of metabolic transformations. Hyperpolarization via dissolution DNP circumvents part of the sensitivity issues thanks to the large out-of-equilibrium nuclear magnetization stemming from the electron-to-nucleus spin polarization transfer. The high NMR signal obtained can be used to monitor chemical reactions in real time. The downside of hyperpolarized NMR resides in the limited time window available for signal acquisition, which is usually on the order of the nuclear spin longitudinal relaxation time constant, T1, or, in favorable cases, on the order of the relaxation time constant associated with the singlet-state of coupled nuclei, TLLS. Cellular uptake of endogenous molecules and metabolic rates can provide essential information on tumor development and drug response. Numerous previous hyperpolarized NMR studies have demonstrated the relevancy of pyruvate as a metabolic substrate for monitoring enzymatic activity in vivo. This work provides a detailed description of the experimental setup and methods required for the study of enzymatic reactions, in particular the pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate in presence of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), by hyperpolarized NMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Balzan
- LCBPT - UMR8601, Institut de Chimie, Université Paris Descartes;
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul R Vasos
- LCBPT - UMR8601, Institut de Chimie, Université Paris Descartes;
| |
Collapse
|
773
|
Krajewski M, Wespi P, Busch J, Wissmann L, Kwiatkowski G, Steinhauser J, Batel M, Ernst M, Kozerke S. A multisample dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization system for serial injections in small animals. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:904-910. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Krajewski
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringUniversity and ETH Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory of Physical ChemistryETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Patrick Wespi
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringUniversity and ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Julia Busch
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringUniversity and ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lukas Wissmann
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringUniversity and ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Jonas Steinhauser
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringUniversity and ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Batel
- Laboratory of Physical ChemistryETH Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringUniversity and ETH Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
774
|
Gordon JW, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ. Development of a symmetric echo planar imaging framework for clinical translation of rapid dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C imaging. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:826-832. [PMID: 26898849 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop symmetric echo planar imaging (EPI) and a reference scan framework for hyperpolarized 13 C metabolic imaging. METHODS Symmetric, ramp-sampled EPI with partial Fourier reconstruction was implemented on a 3T scanner. The framework for acquiring a reference scan on the 1 H channel and applied to 13 C data was described and validated in both phantoms and in vivo metabolism of [1-13 C]pyruvate. RESULTS Ramp-sampled, symmetric EPI provided a substantial increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the phantom experiments. The reference scan acquired on the 1 H channel yielded 13 C phantom images that varied in mean signal intensity <2%, compared with 13 C images reconstructed with a reference scan directly measured on the 13 C channel. The structural similarity index and dynamic time course from in vivo 13 C data further support the application of a 1 H reference scan to 13 C data to mitigate Nyquist ghost artifacts. CONCLUSION Ramp-sampled, symmetric EPI with spectral-spatial excitation of a single metabolite provides a fast, robust, and clinically efficacious approach to acquire hyperpolarized 13 C dynamic molecular imaging data. The gains of this efficient sampling, combined with partial Fourier methods, enables large matrix sizes required for human studies. Magn Reson Med 77:826-832, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
775
|
Korenchan DE, Flavell RR, Baligand C, Sriram R, Neumann K, Sukumar S, VanBrocklin H, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM, Kurhanewicz J. Dynamic nuclear polarization of biocompatible (13)C-enriched carbonates for in vivo pH imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3030-3. [PMID: 26792559 PMCID: PMC4864526 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A hyperpolarization technique using carbonate precursors of biocompatible molecules was found to yield high concentrations of hyperpolarized (13)C bicarbonate in solution. This approach enabled large signal gains for low-toxicity hyperpolarized (13)C pH imaging in a phantom and in vivo in a murine model of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E Korenchan
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - R R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - C Baligand
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - R Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - K Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - S Sukumar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - H VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - D B Vigneron
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - D M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - J Kurhanewicz
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
776
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Imaging plays an important role in the clinical management of prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, much effort has gone into improving imaging modalities in PCa. This review focuses on the recent advancements in transrectal ultrasound, MRI and PET during the past year. RECENT FINDINGS Contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound with microbubbles may be useful in PCa, but needs further evaluation before more widespread use. Multiparametric MRI has emerged as a valuable tool to assist clinical management of PCa, and great progress has been made in the past year. Several radionuclides for PET/computed tomography have been tested in clinical trials; most of the studies have used radiolabeled choline. However, new PET tracers such as (18)F-1-amino-3-fluorine 18-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid and (68)Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen ligands are demonstrating promising results. PET/MRI may further improve imaging in PCa, but this imaging modality needs to be evaluated further. SUMMARY Several advances in the imaging of PCa have been made during the past year. In particular, important clinical developments have been reported in multiparametric MRI, PET/computed tomography, and PET/MRI. The continuing development of imaging techniques in PCa has the potential to optimize treatment of PCa. However, the optimal imaging strategies for each of the major clinical scenarios in PCa have not yet been identified.
Collapse
|
777
|
Xu HN, Kadlececk S, Shaghaghi H, Zhao H, Profka H, Pourfathi M, Rizi R, Li LZ. Differentiating inflamed and normal lungs by the apparent reaction rate constants of lactate dehydrogenase probed by hyperpolarized (13)C labeled pyruvate. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:57-66. [PMID: 26981456 PMCID: PMC4775246 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2016.02.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically translatable hyperpolarized (HP) (13)C-NMR can probe in vivo enzymatic reactions, e.g., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-catalyzed reaction by injecting HP (13)C-pyruvate into the subject, which is converted to (13)C labeled lactate by the enzyme. Parameters such as (13)C-lactate signals and lactate-to-pyruvate signal ratio are commonly used for analyzing the HP (13)C-NMR data. However, the biochemical/biological meaning of these parameters remains either unclear or dependent on experimental settings. It is preferable to quantify the reaction rate constants with a clearer physical meaning. Here we report the extraction of the kinetic parameters of the LDH reaction from HP (13)C-NMR data and investigate if they can be potential predictors of lung inflammation. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (12 controls, 14 treated) were used. One dose of bleomycin (2.5 U/kg) was administered intratracheally to the treatment group. The lungs were removed, perfused, and observed by the HP-NMR technique, where a HyperSense dynamic nuclear polarization system was used to generate the HP (13)C-pyruvate for injecting into the lungs. A 20 mm (1)H/(13)C dual-tuned coil in a 9.4-T Varian vertical bore NMR spectrometer was employed to acquire the (13)C spectral data every 1 s over a time period of 300 s using a non-selective, 15-degree radiofrequency pulse. The apparent rate constants of the LDH reaction and their ratio were quantified by applying ratiometric fitting analysis to the time series data of (13)C labeled pyruvate and lactate. RESULTS The apparent forward rate constant kp =(3.67±3.31)×10(-4) s(-1), reverse rate constant kl =(4.95±2.90)×10(-2) s(-1), rate constant ratio kp /kl =(7.53±5.75)×10(-3) for the control lungs; kp =(11.71±4.35)×10(-4) s(-1), kl =(9.89±3.89)×10(-2) s(-1), and kp /kl =(12.39±4.18)×10(-3) for the inflamed lungs at the 7(th) day post treatment. Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that the medians of these kinetic parameters of the 7-day cohort were significantly larger than those of the control cohort (P<0.001, P=0.001, and P=0.019, respectively). The rate constants of individual lungs correlated significantly with the histology scores of neutrophils and organizing pneumonia foci but not macrophages. Both kp and kp /kl positively correlated with lactate labeling signals. No correlation was found between kl and lactate labeling signals. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate bleomycin-induced lung inflammation significantly increased both the forward and reverse reaction rate constants of LDH and their ratio at day-7 after bleomycin treatment.
Collapse
|
778
|
Kim GW, Oh CH, Kim JC, Yoon W, Jeong YY, Kim YH, Kim JK, Park JG, Kang HK, Jeong GW. Noninvasive biomarkers for acute hepatotoxicity induced by 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol: hyperpolarized 13C dynamic MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
779
|
Fan TWM, Lane AN. Applications of NMR spectroscopy to systems biochemistry. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 92-93:18-53. [PMID: 26952191 PMCID: PMC4850081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The past decades of advancements in NMR have made it a very powerful tool for metabolic research. Despite its limitations in sensitivity relative to mass spectrometric techniques, NMR has a number of unparalleled advantages for metabolic studies, most notably the rigor and versatility in structure elucidation, isotope-filtered selection of molecules, and analysis of positional isotopomer distributions in complex mixtures afforded by multinuclear and multidimensional experiments. In addition, NMR has the capacity for spatially selective in vivo imaging and dynamical analysis of metabolism in tissues of living organisms. In conjunction with the use of stable isotope tracers, NMR is a method of choice for exploring the dynamics and compartmentation of metabolic pathways and networks, for which our current understanding is grossly insufficient. In this review, we describe how various direct and isotope-edited 1D and 2D NMR methods can be employed to profile metabolites and their isotopomer distributions by stable isotope-resolved metabolomic (SIRM) analysis. We also highlight the importance of sample preparation methods including rapid cryoquenching, efficient extraction, and chemoselective derivatization to facilitate robust and reproducible NMR-based metabolomic analysis. We further illustrate how NMR has been applied in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo in various stable isotope tracer-based metabolic studies, to gain systematic and novel metabolic insights in different biological systems, including human subjects. The pathway and network knowledge generated from NMR- and MS-based tracing of isotopically enriched substrates will be invaluable for directing functional analysis of other 'omics data to achieve understanding of regulation of biochemical systems, as demonstrated in a case study. Future developments in NMR technologies and reagents to enhance both detection sensitivity and resolution should further empower NMR in systems biochemical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa W-M Fan
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
780
|
Zakian KL, Hatfield W, Aras O, Cao K, Yakar D, Goldman DA, Moskowitz CS, Shukla-Dave A, Tehrani YM, Fine S, Eastham J, Hricak H. Prostate MRSI predicts outcome in radical prostatectomy patients. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:674-81. [PMID: 26821278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New non-invasive methods are needed for sub-stratifying high-risk prostate cancer patients. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) maps metabolites in prostate cancer, providing information on tumor aggressiveness and volume. PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between MRSI and treatment failure (TF) after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS Two-hundred sixty-two patients who underwent endorectal MRI/MRSI followed by RP at our institution from 2003 to 2007 were studied. MRI stage, number of voxels in the MRSI index lesion (NILV), number of high-grade voxels (NHGV), and number of voxels containing undetectable polyamines (NUPV) were derived. Clinical outcome was followed until August, 2014. Treatment failure was defined as 1) biochemical recurrence (BCR), 2) persistently detectable PSA after RP, or 3) adjuvant therapy initiated in the absence of BCR. MRI/MRSI features and clinical parameters were compared to TF by univariate Cox Proportional Hazards Regression. After backward selection, each MRSI parameter was included in a separate regression model adjusted for NCCN-based clinical risk score (CRS), number of biopsy cores positive (NPC), and MRI stage. RESULTS In univariate analysis, all clinical variables were associated with TF in addition to MRI stage, NILV, NHGV, and NUPV. In multivariate analysis, NILV, NHGV, and NUPV were also significant risk factors for TF (p=0.016, p=0.002, p=0.006, respectively). The association between the number of tumor voxels with undetectable polyamines and the probability of treatment failure has not been previously reported. The number of MRSI cancer voxels correlated with extracapsular extension (ECE) (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS MRSI was associated with post-radical prostatectomy treatment failure in models adjusted for the number of positive biopsy cores and clinical risk score. This is the first report that in radical prostatectomy patients MRSI has an association with treatment failure independent of the number of positive biopsy cores. MRSI may help the clinician determine whether patients with high risk disease who undergo RP are candidates for specialized additional treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Zakian
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY, NY, 10065, USA.
| | | | - Omer Aras
- MSKCC, 1275 York Avenue, NY, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Kun Cao
- MSKCC, 1275 York Avenue, NY, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Derya Yakar
- MSKCC, 1275 York Avenue, NY, NY, 10065, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Samson Fine
- MSKCC, 1275 York Avenue, NY, NY, 10065, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
781
|
Geraghty BJ, Lau JYC, Chen AP, Cunningham CH. Accelerated 3D echo-planar imaging with compressed sensing for time-resolved hyperpolarized 13 C studies. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:538-546. [PMID: 26806525 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To enable large field-of-view, time-resolved volumetric coverage in hyperpolarized 13 C metabolic imaging by implementing a novel data acquisition and image reconstruction method based on the compressed sensing framework. METHODS A spectral-spatial pulse for single-resonance excitation followed by a symmetric echo-planar imaging (EPI) readout was implemented for encoding a 72 × 18 cm2 field of view at 5 × 5 mm2 resolution. Random undersampling was achieved with blipped z-gradients during the ramp portion of the echo-planar imaging readout. The sequence and reconstruction were tested with phantom studies and consecutive in vivo hyperpolarized 13 C scans in rats. Retrospectively and prospectively undersampled data were compared on the basis of structural similarity in the reconstructed images and the quantification of the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in rat kidneys. RESULTS No artifacts or loss of resolution are evident in the compressed sensing reconstructed images acquired with the proposed sequence. Structural similarity analysis indicate that compressed sensing reconstructions can accurately recover spatial features in the metabolic images evaluated. CONCLUSION A novel z-blip acquisition sequence for compressed sensing accelerated hyperpolarized 13 C 3D echo-planar imaging was developed and demonstrated. The close agreement in lactate-to-pyruvate ratios from both retrospectively and prospectively undersampled data from rats shows that metabolic information is preserved with acceleration factors up to 3-fold with the developed method. Magn Reson Med 77:538-546, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Geraghty
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Y C Lau
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Charles H Cunningham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
782
|
DeBrosse C, Nanga RPR, Bagga P, Nath K, Haris M, Marincola F, Schnall MD, Hariharan H, Reddy R. Lactate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (LATEST) Imaging in vivo A Biomarker for LDH Activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19517. [PMID: 26794265 PMCID: PMC4726389 DOI: 10.1038/srep19517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging of lactate is of enormous significance in cancer and metabolic disorders where glycolysis dominates. Here, for the first time, we describe a chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method (LATEST), based on the exchange between lactate hydroxyl proton and bulk water protons to image lactate with high spatial resolution. We demonstrate the feasibility of imaging lactate with LATEST in lactate phantoms under physiological conditions, in a mouse model of lymphoma tumors, and in skeletal muscle of healthy human subjects pre- and post-exercise. The method is validated by measuring LATEST changes in lymphoma tumors pre- and post-infusion of pyruvate and correlating them with lactate determined from multiple quantum filtered proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SEL-MQC 1H-MRS). Similarly, dynamic LATEST changes in exercising human skeletal muscle are correlated with lactate determined from SEL-MQC 1H-MRS. The LATEST method does not involve injection of radioactive isotopes or labeled metabolites. It has over two orders of magnitude higher sensitivity compared to conventional 1H-MRS. It is anticipated that this technique will have a wide range of applications including diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic response of cancer, diabetes, cardiac, and musculoskeletal diseases. The advantages of LATEST over existing methods and its potential challenges are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine DeBrosse
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mitchell D Schnall
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Hari Hariharan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| |
Collapse
|
783
|
Sengupta D, Pratx G. Imaging metabolic heterogeneity in cancer. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:4. [PMID: 26739333 PMCID: PMC4704434 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As our knowledge of cancer metabolism has increased, it has become apparent that cancer metabolic processes are extremely heterogeneous. The reasons behind this heterogeneity include genetic diversity, the existence of multiple and redundant metabolic pathways, altered microenvironmental conditions, and so on. As a result, methods in the clinic and beyond have been developed in order to image and study tumor metabolism in the in vivo and in vitro regimes. Both regimes provide unique advantages and challenges, and may be used to provide a picture of tumor metabolic heterogeneity that is spatially and temporally comprehensive. Taken together, these methods may hold the key to appropriate cancer diagnoses and treatments in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debanti Sengupta
- Stanford University School of Medicine, A226 Building A, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Stanford University School of Medicine, A226 Building A, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
784
|
Peat DT, Hirsch ML, Gadian DG, Horsewill AJ, Owers-Bradley JR, Kempf JG. Low-field thermal mixing in [1-13C] pyruvic acid for brute-force hyperpolarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19173-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02853e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We detail the process of low-field thermal mixing (LFTM) between 1H and 13C nuclei in neat [1-13C] pyruvic acid at cryogenic temperatures (4–15 K).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T. Peat
- School of Physics & Astronomy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
| | | | - David G. Gadian
- School of Physics & Astronomy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
785
|
Yoshihara HAI, Can E, Karlsson M, Lerche MH, Schwitter J, Comment A. High-field dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization of [1-13C]pyruvic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12409-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00589f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Greater than 60% solution-state polarization of [1-13C]pyruvic acid polarized at 7 T and 1.0 K can be measured after rapid transfer to an MRI scanner magnet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikari A. I. Yoshihara
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emine Can
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Albeda Research
- ApS
- Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Technical University of Denmark
| | - Mathilde H. Lerche
- Albeda Research
- ApS
- Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Technical University of Denmark
| | - Juerg Schwitter
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac MR Center
- Lausanne University Hospital
- Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
786
|
Elliott SJ, Brown LJ, Dumez JN, Levitt MH. Long-lived nuclear spin states in monodeuterated methyl groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17965-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03619h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is possible to access long-lived nuclear singlet order in monodeuterated methyl groups, in the case that a significant chemical shift difference exists between the CH2D protons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynda J. Brown
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Jean-Nicolas Dumez
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- University Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | | |
Collapse
|
787
|
Jiang W, Lustig M, Larson PEZ. Concentric rings K-space trajectory for hyperpolarized (13)C MR spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:19-31. [PMID: 25533653 PMCID: PMC4476971 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a robust and rapid imaging technique for hyperpolarized (13)C MR Spectroscopic Imaging and investigate its performance. METHODS A concentric rings readout trajectory with constant angular velocity is proposed for hyperpolarized (13)C spectroscopic imaging and its properties are analyzed. Quantitative analyses of design tradeoffs are presented for several imaging scenarios. The first application of concentric rings on (13)C phantoms and in vivo animal hyperpolarized (13)C MR Spectroscopic Imaging studies were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Finally, a parallel imaging accelerated concentric rings study is presented. RESULTS The concentric rings MR Spectroscopic Imaging trajectory has the advantages of acquisition timesaving compared to echo-planar spectroscopic imaging. It provides sufficient spectral bandwidth with relatively high efficiency compared to echo-planar spectroscopic imaging and spiral techniques. Phantom and in vivo animal studies showed good image quality with half the scan time and reduced pulsatile flow artifacts compared to echo-planar spectroscopic imaging. Parallel imaging accelerated concentric rings showed advantages over Cartesian sampling in g-factor simulations and demonstrated aliasing-free image quality in a hyperpolarized (13)C in vivo study. CONCLUSION The concentric rings trajectory is a robust and rapid imaging technique that fits very well with the speed, bandwidth, and resolution requirements of hyperpolarized (13)C MR Spectroscopic Imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Jiang
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Lustig
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
788
|
Shang H, Larson PEZ, Kerr A, Reed G, Sukumar S, Elkhaled A, Gordon JW, Ohliger MA, Pauly JM, Lustig M, Vigneron DB. Multiband RF pulses with improved performance via convex optimization. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2016; 262:81-90. [PMID: 26754063 PMCID: PMC4716678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Selective RF pulses are commonly designed with the desired profile as a low pass filter frequency response. However, for many MRI and NMR applications, the spectrum is sparse with signals existing at a few discrete resonant frequencies. By specifying a multiband profile and releasing the constraint on "don't-care" regions, the RF pulse performance can be improved to enable a shorter duration, sharper transition, or lower peak B1 amplitude. In this project, a framework for designing multiband RF pulses with improved performance was developed based on the Shinnar-Le Roux (SLR) algorithm and convex optimization. It can create several types of RF pulses with multiband magnitude profiles, arbitrary phase profiles and generalized flip angles. The advantage of this framework with a convex optimization approach is the flexible trade-off of different pulse characteristics. Designs for specialized selective RF pulses for balanced SSFP hyperpolarized (HP) (13)C MRI, a dualband saturation RF pulse for (1)H MR spectroscopy, and a pre-saturation pulse for HP (13)C study were developed and tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adam Kerr
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Subramaniam Sukumar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Elkhaled
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John M Pauly
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Lustig
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
789
|
Booth TC. Re: Bench to bedside molecular functional imaging in translational cancer medicine: to image or to imagine? Clin Radiol 2015; 71:304-5. [PMID: 26711873 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T C Booth
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
790
|
Zhang Y, Baker PJ, Casabianca LB. BDPA-Doped Polystyrene Beads as Polarization Agents for DNP-NMR. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:18-24. [PMID: 26717243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic free radical BDPA (α,γ-bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl), which has been widely used as a polarizing agent for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) of hydrophobic analytes, has been incorporated into nanometer-scale polystyrene latex beads. We have shown that the resulting BDPA-doped beads can be used to hyperpolarize (13)C and (7)Li nuclei in aqueous environments, without the need for a glassing cosolvent. DNP enhancement factors of between 20 and 100 were achieved with overall BDPA concentrations of 2 mM or less. These Highly-Effective Polymer/Radical Beads (HYPR-beads) have potential use as an inexpensive polarizing agent for water-soluble analytes, and also have applications as model nanoparticles in DNP studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Phillip J Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Leah B Casabianca
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| |
Collapse
|
791
|
Pöschko MT, Vuichoud B, Milani J, Bornet A, Bechmann M, Bodenhausen G, Jannin S, Müller N. Spin Noise Detection of Nuclear Hyperpolarization at 1.2 K. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3859-64. [PMID: 26477605 PMCID: PMC4691331 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report proton spin noise spectra of a hyperpolarized solid sample of commonly used "DNP (dynamic nuclear polarization) juice" containing TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxide) and irradiated by a microwave field at a temperature of 1.2 K in a magnetic field of 6.7 T. The line shapes of the spin noise power spectra are sensitive to the variation of the microwave irradiation frequency and change from dip to bump, when the electron Larmor frequency is crossed, which is shown to be in good accordance with theory by simulations. Small but significant deviations from these predictions are observed, which can be related to spin noise and radiation damping phenomena that have been reported in thermally polarized systems. The non-linear dependence of the spin noise integral on nuclear polarization provides a means to monitor hyperpolarization semi-quantitatively without any perturbation of the spin system by radio frequency irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Theresia Pöschko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria E-mail:
| | - Basile Vuichoud
- Institut de Sciences et Ingénerie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1015, Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail:
| | - Jonas Milani
- Institut de Sciences et Ingénerie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1015, Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail:
| | - Aurélien Bornet
- Institut de Sciences et Ingénerie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1015, Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail:
| | - Matthias Bechmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria E-mail:
| | - Geoffrey Bodenhausen
- Institut de Sciences et Ingénerie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1015, Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail:
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL24 Rue Lhomond, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France
- Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris (France
- UMR 7203, CNRS/UPMC/ENS, Ecole Normale SupérieureParis, France
| | - Sami Jannin
- Institut de Sciences et Ingénerie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1015, Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail:
- Bruker BioSpin AGIndustriestrasse 26, 8117, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria E-mail:
- Faculty of Science, University of South BohemiaBranišovská 1645/31A, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
792
|
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for noninvasively investigating normal and abnormal metabolism. When used in combination with imaging strategies, multinuclear MRS methods provide detailed biochemical information that can be directly correlated with anatomical features. Hyperpolarized C MRS is a new technology that reflects real-time metabolic conversion and is likely to be extremely valuable in managing patients with cancer. This article reviews the use of in vivo P, H, and C MRS for assessing cancer metabolism in order to provide information for diagnosis, planning treatment, assessing response to therapy, and predicting survival for patients with cancer.
Collapse
|
793
|
Guy ML, Zhu L, Ramanathan C. Design and characterization of a W-band system for modulated DNP experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 261:11-8. [PMID: 26524649 PMCID: PMC4971581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic-field and microwave-frequency modulated DNP experiments have been shown to yield improved enhancements over conventional DNP techniques, and even to shorten polarization build-up times. The resulting increase in signal-to-noise ratios can lead to significantly shorter acquisition times in signal-limited multi-dimensional NMR experiments and pave the way to the study of even smaller sample volumes. In this paper we describe the design and performance of a broadband system for microwave frequency- and amplitude-modulated DNP that has been engineered to minimize both microwave and thermal losses during operation at liquid helium temperatures. The system incorporates a flexible source that can generate arbitrary waveforms at 94GHz with a bandwidth greater than 1GHz, as well as a probe that efficiently transmits the millimeter waves from room temperature outside the magnet to a cryogenic environment inside the magnet. Using a thin-walled brass tube as an overmoded waveguide to transmit a hybrid HE11 mode, it is possible to limit the losses to 1dB across a 2GHz bandwidth. The loss is dominated by the presence of a quartz window used to isolate the waveguide pipe. This performance is comparable to systems with corrugated waveguide or quasi-optical components. The overall excitation bandwidth of the probe is seen to be primarily determined by the final antenna or resonator used to excite the sample and its coupling to the NMR RF coil. Understanding the instrumental limitations imposed on any modulation scheme is key to understanding the observed DNP results and potentially identifying the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrate the utility of our design with a set of triangular frequency-modulated DNP experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory L Guy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Lihuang Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
794
|
Abstract
Imaging of prostate cancer presents many challenges to the imaging community. There has been much progress in this space in large part due to MRI and PET radiopharmaceuticals. Though MRI has been focused on the evaluation of local disease and PET on the detection of metastatic disease, these two areas do converge and will be complementary especially with the growth of new PET/MRI technologies. In this review article, we review novel MRI, MRI/US, and PET radiopharmaceuticals which will offer insight into the future direction of imaging in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Koo
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Mail Stop L954, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Room 1512, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Jennifer J Kwak
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Mail Stop L954, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Room 1512, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Sajal Pokharel
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Mail Stop L954, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Room 1512, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room B3B69F, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1088, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
795
|
Katz I, Blank A. Dynamic nuclear polarization in solid samples by electrical-discharge-induced radicals. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 261:95-100. [PMID: 26547016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a method for enhancing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals that has many potential applications in chemistry and medicine. Traditionally, DNP signal enhancement is achieved through the use of exogenous radicals mixed in a solution with the molecules of interest. Here we show that proton DNP signal enhancements can be obtained for solid samples without the use of solvent and exogenous radicals. Radicals are generated primarily on the surface of a solid sample using electrical discharges. These radicals are found suitable for DNP. They are stable under moderate vacuum conditions, yet readily annihilate upon compound dissolution or air exposure. This feature makes them attractive for use in medical applications, where the current variety of radicals used for DNP faces regulatory problems. In addition, this solvent-free method may be found useful for analytical NMR of solid samples which cannot tolerate solvents, such as certain pharmaceutical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itai Katz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Aharon Blank
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
796
|
Hirsch ML, Smith BA, Mattingly M, Goloshevsky AG, Rosay M, Kempf JG. Transport and imaging of brute-force (13)C hyperpolarization. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 261:87-94. [PMID: 26540650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate transport of hyperpolarized frozen 1-(13)C pyruvic acid from its site of production to a nearby facility, where a time series of (13)C images was acquired from the aqueous dissolution product. Transportability is tied to the hyperpolarization (HP) method we employ, which omits radical electron species used in other approaches that would otherwise relax away the HP before reaching the imaging center. In particular, we attained (13)C HP by 'brute-force', i.e., using only low temperature and high-field (e.g., T<∼2K and B∼14T) to pre-polarize protons to a large Boltzmann value (∼0.4% (1)H polarization). After polarizing the neat, frozen sample, ejection quickly (<1s) passed it through a low field (B<100G) to establish the (1)H pre-polarization spin temperature on (13)C via the process known as low-field thermal mixing (yielding ∼0.1% (13)C polarization). By avoiding polarization agents (a.k.a. relaxation agents) that are needed to hyperpolarize by the competing method of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP), the (13)C relaxation time was sufficient to transport the sample for ∼10min before finally dissolving in warm water and obtaining a (13)C image of the hyperpolarized, dilute, aqueous product (∼0.01% (13)C polarization, a >100-fold gain over thermal signals in the 1T scanner). An annealing step, prior to polarizing the sample, was also key for increasing T1∼30-fold during transport. In that time, HP was maintained using only modest cryogenics and field (T∼60K and B=1.3T), for T1((13)C) near 5min. Much greater time and distance (with much smaller losses) may be covered using more-complete annealing and only slight improvements on transport conditions (e.g., yielding T1∼5h at 30K, 2T), whereas even intercity transfer is possible (T1>20h) at reasonable conditions of 6K and 2T. Finally, it is possible to increase the overall enhancement near d-DNP levels (i.e., 10(2)-fold more) by polarizing below 100mK, where nanoparticle agents are known to hasten T1 buildup by 100-fold, and to yield very little impact on T1 losses at temperatures relevant to transport.
Collapse
|
797
|
Julià-Sapé M, Griffiths JR, Tate AR, Howe FA, Acosta D, Postma G, Underwood J, Majós C, Arús C. Classification of brain tumours from MR spectra: the INTERPRET collaboration and its outcomes. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:1772-1787. [PMID: 26768492 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The INTERPRET project was a multicentre European collaboration, carried out from 2000 to 2002, which developed a decision-support system (DSS) for helping neuroradiologists with no experience of MRS to utilize spectroscopic data for the diagnosis and grading of human brain tumours. INTERPRET gathered a large collection of MR spectra of brain tumours and pseudo-tumoural lesions from seven centres. Consensus acquisition protocols, a standard processing pipeline and strict methods for quality control of the aquired data were put in place. Particular emphasis was placed on ensuring the diagnostic certainty of each case, for which all cases were evaluated by a clinical data validation committee. One outcome of the project is a database of 304 fully validated spectra from brain tumours, pseudotumoural lesions and normal brains, along with their associated images and clinical data, which remains available to the scientific and medical community. The second is the INTERPRET DSS, which has continued to be developed and clinically evaluated since the project ended. We also review here the results of the post-INTERPRET period. We evaluate the results of the studies with the INTERPRET database by other consortia or research groups. A summary of the clinical evaluations that have been performed on the post-INTERPRET DSS versions is also presented. Several have shown that diagnostic certainty can be improved for certain tumour types when the INTERPRET DSS is used in conjunction with conventional radiological image interpretation. About 30 papers concerned with the INTERPRET single-voxel dataset have so far been published. We discuss stengths and weaknesses of the DSS and the lessons learned. Finally we speculate on how the INTERPRET concept might be carried into the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Julià-Sapé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - A Rosemary Tate
- School of Informatics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Franklyn A Howe
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Dionisio Acosta
- CHIME, University College London, The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, London, UK
| | - Geert Postma
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Analytical Chemistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carles Majós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge (IDI), CSU de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Arús
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
798
|
Josan S, Billingsley K, Orduna J, Park JM, Luong R, Yu L, Hurd R, Pfefferbaum A, Spielman D, Mayer D. Assessing inflammatory liver injury in an acute CCl4 model using dynamic 3D metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:1671-7. [PMID: 26474216 PMCID: PMC4720258 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate diagnosis and staging of liver disease, sensitive and non-invasive methods for the measurement of liver metabolism are needed. This study used hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate to assess metabolic parameters in a CCl4 model of liver damage in rats. Dynamic 3D (13)C chemical shift imaging data from a volume covering kidney and liver were acquired from 8 control and 10 CCl4-treated rats. At 12 time points at 5 s temporal resolution, we quantified the signal intensities and established time courses for pyruvate, alanine, and lactate. These measurements were compared with standard liver histology and an alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme assay using liver tissue from the same animals. All CCl4-treated but none of the control animals showed histological liver damage and elevated ALT enzyme levels. In agreement with these results, metabolic imaging revealed an increased alanine/pyruvate ratio in liver of CCl4-treated rats, which is indicative of elevated ALT activity. Similarly, lactate/pyruvate ratios were higher in CCl4-treated compared with control animals, demonstrating the presence of inflammation. No significant differences in metabolite ratios were observed in kidney or vasculature. Thus this work shows that metabolic imaging using (13)C-pyruvate can be a successful tool to non-invasively assess liver damage in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Josan
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Stanford, CA
| | - Kelvin Billingsley
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Stanford, CA
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco, CA
| | - Juan Orduna
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Stanford, CA
| | - Richard Luong
- Stanford University, Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Liqing Yu
- University of Maryland, Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, College Park, MD
| | - Ralph Hurd
- GE Healthcare Applied Sciences Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA
- Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Dirk Mayer
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Stanford, CA
- University of Maryland, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
799
|
Benito J, Ramirez MS, Millward NZ, Velez J, Harutyunyan KG, Lu H, Shi YX, Matre P, Jacamo R, Ma H, Konoplev S, McQueen T, Volgin A, Protopopova M, Mu H, Lee J, Bhattacharya PK, Marszalek JR, Davis RE, Bankson JA, Cortes JE, Hart CP, Andreeff M, Konopleva M. Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug TH-302 Targets Hypoxic Bone Marrow Niches in Preclinical Leukemia Models. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1687-98. [PMID: 26603259 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the prevalence of hypoxia in the leukemic bone marrow, its association with metabolic and transcriptional changes in the leukemic blasts and the utility of hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 in leukemia models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy was utilized to interrogate the pyruvate metabolism of the bone marrow in the murine acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model. Nanostring technology was used to evaluate a gene set defining a hypoxia signature in leukemic blasts and normal donors. The efficacy of the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 was examined in the in vitro and in vivo leukemia models. RESULTS Metabolic imaging has demonstrated increased glycolysis in the femur of leukemic mice compared with healthy control mice, suggesting metabolic reprogramming of hypoxic bone marrow niches. Primary leukemic blasts in samples from AML patients overexpressed genes defining a "hypoxia index" compared with samples from normal donors. TH-302 depleted hypoxic cells, prolonged survival of xenograft leukemia models, and reduced the leukemia stem cell pool in vivo In the aggressive FLT3/ITD MOLM-13 model, combination of TH-302 with tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib had greater antileukemia effects than either drug alone. Importantly, residual leukemic bone marrow cells in a syngeneic AML model remain hypoxic after chemotherapy. In turn, administration of TH-302 following chemotherapy treatment to mice with residual disease prolonged survival, suggesting that this approach may be suitable for eliminating chemotherapy-resistant leukemia cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate a pathogenic role of hypoxia in leukemia maintenance and chemoresistance and demonstrate the feasibility of targeting hypoxic cells by hypoxia cytotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Benito
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marc S Ramirez
- Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Niki Zacharias Millward
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Juliana Velez
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karine G Harutyunyan
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hongbo Lu
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yue-Xi Shi
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Polina Matre
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rodrigo Jacamo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Helen Ma
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Teresa McQueen
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrei Volgin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marina Protopopova
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hong Mu
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - R Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James A Bankson
- Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles P Hart
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
800
|
Cao P, Zhang X, Park I, Najac C, Nelson SJ, Ronen S, Larson PEZ. 1 H- 13 C independently tuned radiofrequency surface coil applied for in vivo hyperpolarized MRI. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:1612-1620. [PMID: 26597845 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a lump-element double-tuned common-mode-differential-mode (CMDM) radiofrequency (RF) surface coil with independent frequency tuning capacity for MRS and MRI applications. METHODS The presented design has two modes that can operate with different current paths, allowing independent frequency adjustment. The coil prototype was tested on the bench and then examined in phantom and in vivo experiments. RESULTS Standard deviations of frequency and impedance fluctuations measured in one resonator, while changing the tuning capacitor of another resonator, were less than 13 kHz and 0.55 Ω. The unloaded S21 was -36 dB and -41 dB, while the unloaded Q factor was 260 and 287, for 13 C and 1 H, respectively. In vivo hyperpolarized 13 C MR spectroscopy data demonstrated the feasibility of using the CMDM coil to measure the dynamics of lactate, alanine, pyruvate and bicarbonate signal in a normal rat head along with acquiring 1 H anatomical reference images. CONCLUSION Independent frequency tuning capacity was demonstrated in the presented lump-element double-tuned CMDM coil. This CMDM coil maintained intrinsically decoupled magnetic fields, which provided sufficient isolation between the two resonators. The results from in vivo experiments demonstrated high sensitivity of both the 1 H and 13 C resonators. Magn Reson Med 76:1612-1620, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chloe Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabrina Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|