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Mathew R, Sergeyev IV, Aussenac F, Gkoura L, Rosay M, Baias M. Complete resonance assignment of a pharmaceutical drug at natural isotopic abundance from DNP-Enhanced solid-state NMR. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2022; 119:101794. [PMID: 35462269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced magic angle spinning (DNP-MAS) NMR measurements coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations enable the full resonance assignment of a complex pharmaceutical drug molecule without the need for isotopic enrichment. DNP dramatically enhances the NMR signals, thereby making possible previously intractable two-dimensional correlation NMR spectra at natural abundance. Using inputs from DFT calculations, herein we describe a significant improvement to the structure elucidation process for complex organic molecules. Further, we demonstrate that a series of two-dimensional correlation experiments, including 15N-13C TEDOR, 13C-13C INADEQUATE/SARCOSY, 19F-13C HETCOR, and 1H-13C HETCOR, can be obtained at natural isotopic abundance within reasonable experiment times, thus enabling a complete resonance assignment of sitagliptin, a pharmaceutical used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny Mathew
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Fabien Aussenac
- Bruker France, 34 rue de l'industrie, 67166, Wissembourg, France.
| | - Lydia Gkoura
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Maria Baias
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Lund A, Casano G, Menzildjian G, Kaushik M, Stevanato G, Yulikov M, Jabbour R, Wisser D, Renom-Carrasco M, Thieuleux C, Bernada F, Karoui H, Siri D, Rosay M, Sergeyev IV, Gajan D, Lelli M, Emsley L, Ouari O, Lesage A. TinyPols: a family of water-soluble binitroxides tailored for dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced NMR spectroscopy at 18.8 and 21.1 T. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2810-2818. [PMID: 34084341 PMCID: PMC8157490 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) has recently emerged as a key method to increase the sensitivity of solid-state NMR spectroscopy under Magic Angle Spinning (MAS). While efficient binitroxide polarizing agents such as AMUPol have been developed for MAS DNP NMR at magnetic fields up to 9.4 T, their performance drops rapidly at higher fields due to the unfavorable field dependence of the cross-effect (CE) mechanism and AMUPol-like radicals were so far disregarded in the context of the development of polarizing agents for very high-field DNP. Here, we introduce a new family of water-soluble binitroxides, dubbed TinyPols, which have a three-bond non-conjugated flexible amine linker allowing sizable couplings between the two unpaired electrons. We show that this adjustment of the linker is crucial and leads to unexpectedly high DNP enhancement factors at 18.8 T and 21.1 T: an improvement of about a factor 2 compared to AMUPol is reported for spinning frequencies ranging from 5 to 40 kHz, with ε H of up to 90 at 18.8 T and 38 at 21.1 T for the best radical in this series, which are the highest MAS DNP enhancements measured so far in aqueous solutions at these magnetic fields. This work not only breathes a new momentum into the design of binitroxides tailored towards high magnetic fields, but also is expected to push the application frontiers of high-resolution DNP MAS NMR, as demonstrated here on a hybrid mesostructured silica material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Lund
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | | | - Georges Menzildjian
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Monu Kaushik
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Gabriele Stevanato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Maxim Yulikov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ribal Jabbour
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Dorothea Wisser
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Marc Renom-Carrasco
- Institute of Chemistry of Lyon, Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-University Lyon 1-CPE Lyon, University of Lyon 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Institute of Chemistry of Lyon, Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-University Lyon 1-CPE Lyon, University of Lyon 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | | | | | - Didier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR Marseille France
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Corporation 15 Fortune Drive Billerica Massachusetts 01821 USA
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation 15 Fortune Drive Billerica Massachusetts 01821 USA
| | - David Gajan
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Moreno Lelli
- Center of Magnetic Resonance (CERM), University of Florence Via Luigi Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Lesage
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
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3
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Good DB, Voinov MA, Bolton D, Ward ME, Sergeyev IV, Caporini M, Scheffer P, Lo A, Rosay M, Marek A, Brown LS, I Smirnov A, Ladizhansky V. A biradical-tagged phospholipid as a polarizing agent for solid-state MAS Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR of membrane proteins. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2019; 100:92-101. [PMID: 31029957 PMCID: PMC6709687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) NMR polarizing agent ToSMTSL-PTE representing a phospholipid with a biradical TOTAPOL tethered to the polar head group has been synthesized, characterized, and employed to enhance solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR) signal of a lipid-reconstituted integral membrane protein proteorhodopsin (PR). A matrix-free PR formulation for DNP improved the absolute sensitivity of NMR signal by a factor of ca. 4 compared to a conventional preparation with TOTAPOL dispersed in a glassy glycerol/water matrix. DNP enhancements measured at 400 MHz/263 GHz and 600 MHz/395 GHz showed a strong field dependence but remained moderate at both fields, and comparable to those obtained for PR covalently modified with ToSMTSL. Additional continuous wave (CW) X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments with ToSMTSL-PTE in solutions and in lipid bilayers revealed that an unfavorable conformational change of the linker connecting mononitroxides could be one of the reasons for moderate DNP enhancements. Further, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and CW EPR experiments indicated an inhomogeneous distribution and/or a possibility of a partial aggregation of ToSMTSL-PTE in DMPC:DMPA bilayers when the concentration of the polarizing agent was increased to 20 mol% to maximize the DNP enhancement. Thus, conformational changes and an inhomogeneous distribution of the lipid-based biradicals in lipid bilayers emerged as important factors to consider for further development of this matrix-free approach for DNP of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl B Good
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maxim A Voinov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David Bolton
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meaghan E Ward
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Peter Scheffer
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andy Lo
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Antonin Marek
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Leonid S Brown
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex I Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Bruker Biospin, Billerica, MA, USA.
| | - Vlad Ladizhansky
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Bruker Biospin, Billerica, MA, USA.
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4
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Sergeyev IV, Aussenac F, Purea A, Reiter C, Bryerton E, Retzloff S, Hesler J, Tometich L, Rosay M. Efficient 263 GHz magic angle spinning DNP at 100 K using solid-state diode sources. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2019; 100:63-69. [PMID: 30965254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of new, high-frequency solid-state diode sources capable of operating at 263 GHz, together with an optimized stator design for improved millimeter-wave coupling to the NMR sample, have enabled low-power DNP experiments at 263 GHz/400 MHz. With 250 mW output power, signal enhancements as high as 120 are achieved on standard samples - approximately 1/3 of the maximal enhancement available with high-power gyrotrons under similar conditions. Diode-based sources have a number of advantages over vacuum tube devices: they emit a pure mode, can be rapidly frequency-swept over a wide range of frequencies, have reproducible output power over this range, and have excellent output stability. By virtue of their small size, low thermal footprint, and lack of facility requirements, solid-state diodes are also considerably cheaper to operate and maintain than high-power vacuum tube devices. In light of these features, and anticipating further improvements in terms of available output power, solid-state diodes are likely to find widespread use in DNP and contribute to further advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA.
| | - Fabien Aussenac
- Bruker France S.A.S., 34 Rue de l'Industrie, 67160, Wissembourg, France
| | - Armin Purea
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Christian Reiter
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Eric Bryerton
- Virginia Diodes Inc., 979 2(nd) St. SE, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Steven Retzloff
- Virginia Diodes Inc., 979 2(nd) St. SE, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hesler
- Virginia Diodes Inc., 979 2(nd) St. SE, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Leo Tometich
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
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5
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Baias M, Mathew R, Sergeyev I, Uchman K, Rosay M, Aussenac F, Maas W, Pickard CJ, Kahr B. NMR crystallography advancements for exploring polymorphism. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767319097277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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6
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Gupta R, Zhang H, Lu M, Hou G, Caporini M, Rosay M, Maas W, Struppe J, Ahn J, Byeon IJL, Oschkinat H, Jaudzems K, Barbet-Massin E, Emsley L, Pintacuda G, Lesage A, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Combined with Molecular Dynamics Simulations Permits Detection of Order and Disorder in Viral Assemblies. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5048-5058. [PMID: 31125232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy in viral capsids from HIV-1 and bacteriophage AP205. Viruses regulate their life cycles and infectivity through modulation of their structures and dynamics. While static structures of capsids from several viruses are now accessible with near-atomic-level resolution, atomic-level understanding of functionally important motions in assembled capsids is lacking. We observed up to 64-fold signal enhancements by DNP, which permitted in-depth analysis of these assemblies. For the HIV-1 CA assemblies, a remarkably high spectral resolution in the 3D and 2D heteronuclear data sets permitted the assignment of a significant fraction of backbone and side-chain resonances. Using an integrated DNP MAS NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach, the conformational space sampled by the assembled capsid at cryogenic temperatures was mapped. Qualitatively, a remarkable agreement was observed for the experimental 13C/15N chemical shift distributions and those calculated from substructures along the MD trajectory. Residues that are mobile at physiological temperatures are frozen out in multiple conformers at cryogenic conditions, resulting in broad experimental and calculated chemical shift distributions. Overall, our results suggest that DNP MAS NMR measurements in combination with MD simulations facilitate a thorough understanding of the dynamic signatures of viral capsids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Huilan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Manman Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Guangjin Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Marc Caporini
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Werner Maas
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | | | | | - Hartmut Oschkinat
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Robert-Roessle-Str. 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS / Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 Rue de la Doua , Villeurbanne, 69100 Lyon , France
| | - Emeline Barbet-Massin
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS / Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 Rue de la Doua , Villeurbanne, 69100 Lyon , France
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS / Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 Rue de la Doua , Villeurbanne, 69100 Lyon , France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS / Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 Rue de la Doua , Villeurbanne, 69100 Lyon , France
| | | | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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7
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Purea A, Reiter C, Dimitriadis AI, de Rijk E, Aussenac F, Sergeyev I, Rosay M, Engelke F. Improved waveguide coupling for 1.3 mm MAS DNP probes at 263 GHz. J Magn Reson 2019; 302:43-49. [PMID: 30953925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We consider the geometry of a radially irradiated microwave beam in MAS DNP NMR probes and its impact on DNP enhancement. Two related characteristic features are found to be relevant: (i) the focus of the microwave beam on the DNP MAS sample and (ii) the microwave magnetic field magnitude in the sample. We present a waveguide coupler setup that enables us to significantly improve beam focus and field magnitude in 1.3 mm MAS DNP probes at a microwave frequency of 263 GHz, which results in an increase of the DNP enhancement by a factor of 2 compared to previous standard hardware setups. We discuss the implications of improved coupling and its potential to enable cutting-edge applications, such as pulsed high-field DNP and the use of low-power solid-state microwave sources.
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8
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Lu M, Wang M, Sergeyev IV, Quinn CM, Struppe J, Rosay M, Maas W, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. 19F Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at Fast Magic Angle Spinning for NMR of HIV-1 Capsid Protein Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5681-5691. [PMID: 30871317 PMCID: PMC6521953 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report remarkably high, up to 100-fold, signal enhancements in 19F dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) magic angle spinning (MAS) spectra at 14.1 T on HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) assemblies. These enhancements correspond to absolute sensitivity ratios of 12-29 and are of similar magnitude to those seen for 1H signals in the same samples. At MAS frequencies above 20 kHz, it was possible to record 2D 19F-13C HETCOR spectra, which contain long-range intra- and intermolecular correlations. Such correlations provide unique distance restraints, inaccessible in conventional experiments without DNP, for protein structure determination. Furthermore, systematic quantification of the DNP enhancements as a function of biradical concentration, MAS frequency, temperature, and microwave power is reported. Our work establishes the power of DNP-enhanced 19F MAS NMR spectroscopy for structural characterization of HIV-1 CA assemblies, and this approach is anticipated to be applicable to a wide range of large biomolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Mingzhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Ivan V. Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Caitlin M. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Werner Maas
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Angela M. Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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9
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Colvin MT, Silvers R, Ni QZ, Can TV, Sergeyev I, Rosay M, Donovan KJ, Michael B, Wall J, Linse S, Griffin RG. Atomic Resolution Structure of Monomorphic Aβ42 Amyloid Fibrils. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9663-74. [PMID: 27355699 PMCID: PMC5389415 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a 39-42 residue protein produced by the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which subsequently aggregates to form cross-β amyloid fibrils that are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The most prominent forms of Aβ are Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, which differ by two amino acids (I and A) at the C-terminus. However, Aβ42 is more neurotoxic and essential to the etiology of AD. Here, we present an atomic resolution structure of a monomorphic form of AβM01-42 amyloid fibrils derived from over 500 (13)C-(13)C, (13)C-(15)N distance and backbone angle structural constraints obtained from high field magic angle spinning NMR spectra. The structure (PDB ID: 5KK3 ) shows that the fibril core consists of a dimer of Aβ42 molecules, each containing four β-strands in a S-shaped amyloid fold, and arranged in a manner that generates two hydrophobic cores that are capped at the end of the chain by a salt bridge. The outer surface of the monomers presents hydrophilic side chains to the solvent. The interface between the monomers of the dimer shows clear contacts between M35 of one molecule and L17 and Q15 of the second. Intermolecular (13)C-(15)N constraints demonstrate that the amyloid fibrils are parallel in register. The RMSD of the backbone structure (Q15-A42) is 0.71 ± 0.12 Å and of all heavy atoms is 1.07 ± 0.08 Å. The structure provides a point of departure for the design of drugs that bind to the fibril surface and therefore interfere with secondary nucleation and for other therapeutic approaches to mitigate Aβ42 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Colvin
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert Silvers
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qing Zhe Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thach V. Can
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ivan Sergeyev
- Bruker BioSpin, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker BioSpin, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Kevin J. Donovan
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brian Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph Wall
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, 50 Bell Avenue, Building 463, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Sara Linse
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, SE22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert G. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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Rosay M, Blank M, Engelke F. Instrumentation for solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization with magic angle spinning NMR. J Magn Reson 2016; 264:88-98. [PMID: 26920834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) instrumentation and methodology have been key factors in the recent growth of solid-state DNP NMR applications. We review the current state of the art of solid-state DNP NMR instrumentation primarily based on available commercial platforms. We start with a general system overview, including options for microwave sources and DNP NMR probes, and then focus on specific developments for DNP at 100K with magic angle spinning (MAS). Gyrotron microwave sources, passive components to transmit microwaves, the DNP MAS probe, a cooling device for low-temperature MAS, and sample preparation procedures including radicals for DNP are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rosay
- Bruker-Biospin, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA 01730, USA.
| | - Monica Blank
- Communications and Power Industries, 811 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Frank Engelke
- Bruker-Biospin, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany.
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11
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Gupta R, Lu M, Hou G, Caporini MA, Rosay M, Maas W, Struppe J, Suiter C, Ahn J, Byeon IJL, Franks WT, Orwick-Rydmark M, Bertarello A, Oschkinat H, Lesage A, Pintacuda G, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced MAS NMR Spectroscopy for Structural Analysis of HIV-1 Protein Assemblies. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:329-39. [PMID: 26709853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mature infectious HIV-1 virions contain conical capsids composed of CA protein, generated by the proteolytic cleavage cascade of the Gag polyprotein, termed maturation. The mechanism of capsid core formation through the maturation process remains poorly understood. We present DNP-enhanced MAS NMR studies of tubular assemblies of CA and Gag CA-SP1 maturation intermediate and report 20-64-fold sensitivity enhancements due to DNP at 14.1 T. These sensitivity enhancements enabled direct observation of spacer peptide 1 (SP1) resonances in CA-SP1 by dipolar-based correlation experiments, unequivocally indicating that the SP1 peptide is unstructured in assembled CA-SP1 at cryogenic temperatures, corroborating our earlier results. Furthermore, the dependence of DNP enhancements and spectral resolution on magnetic field strength (9.4-18.8 T) and temperature (109-180 K) was investigated. Our results suggest that DNP-based measurements could potentially provide residue-specific dynamics information by allowing for the extraction of the temperature dependence of the anisotropic tensorial or relaxation parameters. With DNP, we were able to detect multiple well-resolved isoleucine side-chain conformers; unique intermolecular correlations across two CA molecules; and functionally relevant conformationally disordered states such as the 14-residue SP1 peptide, none of which are visible at ambient temperatures. The detection of isolated conformers and intermolecular correlations can provide crucial constraints for structure determination of these assemblies. Overall, our results establish DNP-based MAS NMR spectroscopy as an excellent tool for the characterization of HIV-1 assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Manman Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Guangjin Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Marc A Caporini
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts United States
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts United States
| | - Werner Maas
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts United States
| | - Christopher Suiter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | | | | | - W Trent Franks
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcella Orwick-Rydmark
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Bertarello
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne (Lyon), France
| | - Hartmut Oschkinat
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne (Lyon), France
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne (Lyon), France
| | | | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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12
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Hirsch ML, Smith BA, Mattingly M, Goloshevsky AG, Rosay M, Kempf JG. Transport and imaging of brute-force (13)C hyperpolarization. J Magn Reson 2015; 261:87-94. [PMID: 26540650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate transport of hyperpolarized frozen 1-(13)C pyruvic acid from its site of production to a nearby facility, where a time series of (13)C images was acquired from the aqueous dissolution product. Transportability is tied to the hyperpolarization (HP) method we employ, which omits radical electron species used in other approaches that would otherwise relax away the HP before reaching the imaging center. In particular, we attained (13)C HP by 'brute-force', i.e., using only low temperature and high-field (e.g., T<∼2K and B∼14T) to pre-polarize protons to a large Boltzmann value (∼0.4% (1)H polarization). After polarizing the neat, frozen sample, ejection quickly (<1s) passed it through a low field (B<100G) to establish the (1)H pre-polarization spin temperature on (13)C via the process known as low-field thermal mixing (yielding ∼0.1% (13)C polarization). By avoiding polarization agents (a.k.a. relaxation agents) that are needed to hyperpolarize by the competing method of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP), the (13)C relaxation time was sufficient to transport the sample for ∼10min before finally dissolving in warm water and obtaining a (13)C image of the hyperpolarized, dilute, aqueous product (∼0.01% (13)C polarization, a >100-fold gain over thermal signals in the 1T scanner). An annealing step, prior to polarizing the sample, was also key for increasing T1∼30-fold during transport. In that time, HP was maintained using only modest cryogenics and field (T∼60K and B=1.3T), for T1((13)C) near 5min. Much greater time and distance (with much smaller losses) may be covered using more-complete annealing and only slight improvements on transport conditions (e.g., yielding T1∼5h at 30K, 2T), whereas even intercity transfer is possible (T1>20h) at reasonable conditions of 6K and 2T. Finally, it is possible to increase the overall enhancement near d-DNP levels (i.e., 10(2)-fold more) by polarizing below 100mK, where nanoparticle agents are known to hasten T1 buildup by 100-fold, and to yield very little impact on T1 losses at temperatures relevant to transport.
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13
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Can TV, Caporini MA, Mentink-Vigier F, Corzilius B, Walish JJ, Rosay M, Maas WE, Baldus M, Vega S, Swager TM, Griffin RG. Overhauser effects in insulating solids. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:064202. [PMID: 25134564 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report magic angle spinning, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments at magnetic fields of 9.4 T, 14.1 T, and 18.8 T using the narrow line polarizing agents 1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-phenylallyl (BDPA) dispersed in polystyrene, and sulfonated-BDPA (SA-BDPA) and trityl OX063 in glassy glycerol/water matrices. The (1)H DNP enhancement field profiles of the BDPA radicals exhibit a significant DNP Overhauser effect (OE) as well as a solid effect (SE) despite the fact that these samples are insulating solids. In contrast, trityl exhibits only a SE enhancement. Data suggest that the appearance of the OE is due to rather strong electron-nuclear hyperfine couplings present in BDPA and SA-BDPA, which are absent in trityl and perdeuterated BDPA (d21-BDPA). In addition, and in contrast to other DNP mechanisms such as the solid effect or cross effect, the experimental data suggest that the OE in non-conducting solids scales favorably with magnetic field, increasing in magnitude in going from 5 T, to 9.4 T, to 14.1 T, and to 18.8 T. Simulations using a model two spin system consisting of an electron hyperfine coupled to a (1)H reproduce the essential features of the field profiles and indicate that the OE in these samples originates from the zero and double quantum cross relaxation induced by fluctuating hyperfine interactions between the intramolecular delocalized unpaired electrons and their neighboring nuclei, and that the size of these hyperfine couplings is crucial to the magnitude of the enhancements. Microwave power dependent studies show that the OE saturates at considerably lower power levels than the solid effect in the same samples. Our results provide new insights into the mechanism of the Overhauser effect, and also provide a new approach to perform DNP experiments in chemical, biophysical, and physical systems at high magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Can
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M A Caporini
- Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA
| | | | - B Corzilius
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J J Walish
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Rosay
- Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA
| | - W E Maas
- Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA
| | - M Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Vega
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - T M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R G Griffin
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Mathies G, Caporini MA, Michaelis VK, Liu Y, Hu KN, Mance D, Zweier JL, Rosay M, Baldus M, Griffin RG. Efficient Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at 800 MHz/527 GHz with Trityl-Nitroxide Biradicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11770-4. [PMID: 26268156 PMCID: PMC5407364 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cross-effect (CE) dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a rapidly developing technique that enhances the signal intensities in magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra. We report CE DNP experiments at 211, 600, and 800 MHz using a new series of biradical polarizing agents referred to as TEMTriPols, in which a nitroxide (TEMPO) and a trityl radical are chemically tethered. The TEMTriPol molecule with the optimal performance yields a record (1) H NMR signal enhancement of 65 at 800 MHz at a concentration of 10 mM in a glycerol/water solvent matrix. The CE DNP enhancement for the TEMTriPol biradicals does not decrease as the magnetic field is increased in the manner usually observed for bis-nitroxides. Instead, the relatively strong exchange interaction between the trityl and nitroxide moieties determines the magnetic field at which the optimum enhancement is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guinevere Mathies
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA).
| | - Marc A Caporini
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA 01821 (USA)
- Current address: Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 (USA)
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling, Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070 (China).
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA).
| | - Kan-Nian Hu
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- Current address: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA 02210 (USA)
| | - Deni Mance
- NMR Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA 01821 (USA)
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA).
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15
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Mathies G, Caporini MA, Michaelis VK, Liu Y, Hu KN, Mance D, Zweier JL, Rosay M, Baldus M, Griffin RG. Efficient Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at 800 MHz/527 GHz with Trityl-Nitroxide Biradicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Voinov MA, Good DB, Ward ME, Milikisiyants S, Marek A, Caporini MA, Rosay M, Munro RA, Ljumovic M, Brown LS, Ladizhansky V, Smirnov AI. Cysteine-Specific Labeling of Proteins with a Nitroxide Biradical for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:10180-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Voinov
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | | | - Sergey Milikisiyants
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Antonin Marek
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Marc A. Caporini
- Bruker Biospin Ltd., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Ltd., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Alex I. Smirnov
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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17
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Abstract
Hyperpolarization (HP) of nuclear spins is critical for ultrasensitive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We demonstrate an approach for >1500-fold enhancement of key small-molecule metabolites: 1-(13)C-pyruvic acid, 1-(13)C-sodium lactate, and 1-(13)C-acetic acid. The (13)C solution NMR signal of pyruvic acid was enhanced 1600-fold at B = 1 T and 40 °C by pre-polarizing at 14 T and ∼2.3 K. This "brute-force" approach uses only field and temperature to generate HP. The noted 1 T observation field is appropriate for benchtop NMR and near the typical 1.5 T of MRI, whereas high-field observation scales enhancement as 1/B. Our brute-force process ejects the frozen, solid sample from the low-T, high-B polarizer, passing it through low field (B < 100 G) to facilitate "thermal mixing". That equilibrates (1)H and (13)C in hundreds of milliseconds, providing (13)C HP from (1)H Boltzmann polarization attained at high B/T. The ejected sample arrives at a room-temperature, permanent magnet array, where rapid dissolution with 40 °C water yields HP solute. Transfer to a 1 T NMR system yields (13)C signals with enhancements at 80% of ideal for noted polarizing conditions. High-resolution NMR of the same product at 9.4 T had consistent enhancement plus resolution of (13)C shifts and J-couplings for pyruvic acid and its hydrate. Comparable HP was achieved with frozen aqueous lactate, plus notable enhancement of acetic acid, demonstrating broader applicability for small-molecule NMR and metabolic MRI. Brute-force avoids co-solvated free-radicals and microwaves that are essential to competing methods. Here, unadulterated samples obviate concerns about downstream purity and also exhibit slow solid-state spin relaxation, favorable for transporting HP samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Hirsch
- †Bruker Biospin Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Neal Kalechofsky
- ‡Millikelvin Technologies, LLC, Braintree, Massachusetts 02184, United States
| | - Avrum Belzer
- ‡Millikelvin Technologies, LLC, Braintree, Massachusetts 02184, United States
| | - Melanie Rosay
- †Bruker Biospin Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - James G Kempf
- †Bruker Biospin Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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18
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Wylie BJ, Dzikovski BG, Pawsey S, Caporini M, Rosay M, Freed JH, McDermott AE. Dynamic nuclear polarization of membrane proteins: covalently bound spin-labels at protein-protein interfaces. J Biomol NMR 2015; 61:361-7. [PMID: 25828256 PMCID: PMC4819240 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-015-9919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that dynamic nuclear polarization of membrane proteins in lipid bilayers may be achieved using a novel polarizing agent: pairs of spin labels covalently bound to a protein of interest interacting at an intermolecular interaction surface. For gramicidin A, nitroxide tags attached to the N-terminal intermolecular interface region become proximal only when bimolecular channels forms in the membrane. We obtained signal enhancements of sixfold for the dimeric protein. The enhancement effect was comparable to that of a doubly tagged sample of gramicidin C, with intramolecular spin pairs. This approach could be a powerful and selective means for signal enhancement in membrane proteins, and for recognizing intermolecular interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Wylie
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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19
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Koers EJ, van der Cruijsen EAW, Rosay M, Weingarth M, Prokofyev A, Sauvée C, Ouari O, van der Zwan J, Pongs O, Tordo P, Maas WE, Baldus M. NMR-based structural biology enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization at high magnetic field. J Biomol NMR 2014; 60:157-68. [PMID: 25284462 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-014-9865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has become a powerful method to enhance spectroscopic sensitivity in the context of magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We show that, compared to DNP at lower field (400 MHz/263 GHz), high field DNP (800 MHz/527 GHz) can significantly enhance spectral resolution and allows exploitation of the paramagnetic relaxation properties of DNP polarizing agents as direct structural probes under magic angle spinning conditions. Applied to a membrane-embedded K(+) channel, this approach allowed us to refine the membrane-embedded channel structure and revealed conformational substates that are present during two different stages of the channel gating cycle. High-field DNP thus offers atomic insight into the role of molecular plasticity during the course of biomolecular function in a complex cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J Koers
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Guo Z, Kobayashi T, Wang LL, Goh TW, Xiao C, Caporini MA, Rosay M, Johnson DD, Pruski M, Huang W. Selective Host-Guest Interaction between Metal Ions and Metal-Organic Frameworks Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2014; 20:16308-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Debelouchina GT, Bayro MJ, Fitzpatrick AW, Ladizhansky V, Colvin MT, Caporini MA, Jaroniec CP, Bajaj VS, Rosay M, Macphee CE, Vendruscolo M, Maas WE, Dobson CM, Griffin RG. Higher order amyloid fibril structure by MAS NMR and DNP spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:19237-47. [PMID: 24304221 DOI: 10.1021/ja409050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy has generated structural models of several amyloid fibril systems, thus providing valuable information regarding the forces and interactions that confer the extraordinary stability of the amyloid architecture. Despite these advances, however, obtaining atomic resolution information describing the higher levels of structural organization within the fibrils remains a significant challenge. Here, we detail MAS NMR experiments and sample labeling schemes designed specifically to probe such higher order amyloid structure, and we have applied them to the fibrils formed by an eleven-residue segment of the amyloidogenic protein transthyretin (TTR(105-115)). These experiments have allowed us to define unambiguously not only the arrangement of the peptide β-strands into β-sheets but also the β-sheet interfaces within each protofilament, and in addition to identify the nature of the protofilament-to-protofilament contacts that lead to the formation of the complete fibril. Our efforts have resulted in 111 quantitative distance and torsion angle restraints (10 per residue) that describe the various levels of structure organization. The experiments benefited extensively from the use of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), which in some cases allowed us to shorten the data acquisition time from days to hours and to improve significantly the signal-to-noise ratios of the spectra. The β-sheet interface and protofilament interactions identified here revealed local variations in the structure that result in multiple peaks for the exposed N- and C-termini of the peptide and in inhomogeneous line-broadening for the residues buried within the interior of the fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia T Debelouchina
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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22
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Sauvée C, Rosay M, Casano G, Aussenac F, Weber RT, Ouari O, Tordo P. Rücktitelbild: Highly Efficient, Water-Soluble Polarizing Agents for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at High Frequency (Angew. Chem. 41/2013). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Sauvée C, Rosay M, Casano G, Aussenac F, Weber RT, Ouari O, Tordo P. Back Cover: Highly Efficient, Water-Soluble Polarizing Agents for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at High Frequency (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41/2013). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Sauvée C, Rosay M, Casano G, Aussenac F, Weber RT, Ouari O, Tordo P. Highly efficient, water-soluble polarizing agents for dynamic nuclear polarization at high frequency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10858-61. [PMID: 23956072 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Sauvée
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille cedex 20 (France) http://sites.univ-provence.fr/srep/
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25
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Andreas LB, Barnes AB, Corzilius B, Chou JJ, Miller EA, Caporini M, Rosay M, Griffin RG. Dynamic nuclear polarization study of inhibitor binding to the M2(18-60) proton transporter from influenza A. Biochemistry 2013; 52:2774-82. [PMID: 23480101 DOI: 10.1021/bi400150x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to elucidate ligand binding to a membrane protein using dipolar recoupling magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR. In particular, we detect drug binding in the proton transporter M2(18-60) from influenza A using recoupling experiments at room temperature and with cryogenic DNP. The results indicate that the pore binding site of rimantadine is correlated with previously reported widespread chemical shift changes, suggesting functional binding in the pore. Futhermore, the (15)N-labeled ammonium of rimantadine was observed near A30 (13)Cβ and G34 (13)Cα, suggesting a possible hydrogen bond to A30 carbonyl. Cryogenic DNP was required to observe the weaker external binding site(s) in a ZF-TEDOR spectrum. This approach is generally applicable, particularly for weakly bound ligands, in which case the application of MAS NMR dipolar recoupling requires the low temperatures to quench dynamic exchange processes. For the fully protonated samples investigated, we observed DNP signal enhancements of ~10 at 400 MHz using only 4-6 mM of the polarizing agent TOTAPOL. At 600 MHz and with DNP, we measured a distance between the drug and the protein to a precision of 0.2 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren B Andreas
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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26
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Blanc F, Sperrin L, Jefferson DA, Pawsey S, Rosay M, Grey CP. Dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced natural abundance 17O spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2975-8. [PMID: 23379257 DOI: 10.1021/ja4004377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We show that natural abundance oxygen-17 NMR of solids could be obtained in minutes at a moderate magnetic field strength by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Electron spin polarization could be transferred either directly to (17)O spins or indirectly via (1)H spins in inorganic oxides and hydroxides using an oxygen-free solution containing a biradical polarization agent (bTbK). The results open up a powerful method for rapidly acquiring high signal-to-noise ratio solid-state NMR spectra of (17)O nuclear spins and to probe sites on or near the surface, without the need for isotope labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Blanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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27
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Lafon O, Thankamony ASL, Rosay M, Aussenac F, Lu X, Trébosc J, Bout-Roumazeilles V, Vezin H, Amoureux JP. Indirect and direct29Si dynamic nuclear polarization of dispersed nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2864-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Renault M, Pawsey S, Bos MP, Koers EJ, Nand D, Tommassen-van Boxtel R, Rosay M, Tommassen J, Maas WE, Baldus M. Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy on Cellular Preparations Enhanced by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2998-3001. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Renault M, Pawsey S, Bos MP, Koers EJ, Nand D, Tommassen-van Boxtel R, Rosay M, Tommassen J, Maas WE, Baldus M. Festkörper-NMR-Spektroskopie an zellulären Proben: verbesserte Empfindlichkeit durch dynamische Kernpolarisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Zagdoun A, Casano G, Ouari O, Lapadula G, Rossini AJ, Lelli M, Baffert M, Gajan D, Veyre L, Maas WE, Rosay M, Weber RT, Thieuleux C, Coperet C, Lesage A, Tordo P, Emsley L. A slowly relaxing rigid biradical for efficient dynamic nuclear polarization surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy: expeditious characterization of functional group manipulation in hybrid materials. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2284-91. [PMID: 22191415 DOI: 10.1021/ja210177v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new nitroxide-based biradical having a long electron spin-lattice relaxation time (T(1e)) has been developed as an exogenous polarization source for DNP solid-state NMR experiments. The performance of this new biradical is demonstrated on hybrid silica-based mesostructured materials impregnated with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane radical containing solutions, as well as in frozen bulk solutions, yielding DNP enhancement factors (ε) of over 100 at a magnetic field of 9.4 T and sample temperatures of ~100 K. The effects of radical concentration on the DNP enhancement factors and on the overall sensitivity enhancements (Σ(†)) are reported. The relatively high DNP efficiency of the biradical is attributed to an increased T(1e), which enables more effective saturation of the electron resonance. This new biradical is shown to outperform the polarizing agents used so far in DNP surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy of materials, yielding a 113-fold increase in overall sensitivity for silicon-29 CPMAS spectra as compared to conventional NMR experiments at room temperature. This results in a reduction in experimental times by a factor >12,700, making the acquisition of (13)C and (15)N one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra at natural isotopic abundance rapid (hours). It has been used here to monitor a series of chemical reactions carried out on the surface functionalities of a hybrid organic-silica material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Zagdoun
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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31
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Rossini AJ, Zagdoun A, Lelli M, Gajan D, Rascón F, Rosay M, Maas WE, Copéret C, Lesage A, Emsley L. One hundred fold overall sensitivity enhancements for Silicon-29 NMR spectroscopy of surfaces by dynamic nuclear polarization with CPMG acquisition. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Rossini AJ, Zagdoun A, Lelli M, Canivet J, Aguado S, Ouari O, Tordo P, Rosay M, Maas WE, Copéret C, Farrusseng D, Emsley L, Lesage A. Dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy of functionalized metal-organic frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:123-7. [PMID: 22086783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Rossini
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 5, rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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33
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Rossini AJ, Zagdoun A, Lelli M, Canivet J, Aguado S, Ouari O, Tordo P, Rosay M, Maas WE, Copéret C, Farrusseng D, Emsley L, Lesage A. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Zagdoun A, Rossini AJ, Gajan D, Bourdolle A, Ouari O, Rosay M, Maas WE, Tordo P, Lelli M, Emsley L, Lesage A, Copéret C. Non-aqueous solvents for DNP surface enhanced NMR spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 48:654-6. [PMID: 22034623 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of non-aqueous solvents combined with the exogenous biradical bTbK are developed for DNP NMR that yield enhancements comparable to the best available water based systems. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane appears to be one of the most promising organic solvents for DNP solid-state NMR. Here this results in a reduction in experimental times by a factor of 1000. These new solvents are demonstrated with the first DNP surface enhanced NMR characterization of an organometallic complex supported on a hydrophobic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Zagdoun
- Centre de RMN a Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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35
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Bayro MJ, Debelouchina GT, Eddy MT, Birkett NR, MacPhee CE, Rosay M, Maas WE, Dobson CM, Griffin RG. Intermolecular structure determination of amyloid fibrils with magic-angle spinning and dynamic nuclear polarization NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13967-74. [PMID: 21774549 DOI: 10.1021/ja203756x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe magic-angle spinning NMR experiments designed to elucidate the interstrand architecture of amyloid fibrils. Three methods are introduced for this purpose, two being based on the analysis of long-range (13)C-(13)C correlation spectra and the third based on the identification of intermolecular interactions in (13)C-(15)N spectra. We show, in studies of fibrils formed by the 86-residue SH3 domain of PI3 kinase (PI3-SH3 or PI3K-SH3), that efficient (13)C-(13)C correlation spectra display a resonance degeneracy that establishes a parallel, in-register alignment of the proteins in the amyloid fibrils. In addition, this degeneracy can be circumvented to yield direct intermolecular constraints. The (13)C-(13)C experiments are corroborated by (15)N-(13)C correlation spectra obtained from a mixed [(15)N,(12)C]/[(14)N,(13)C] sample which directly quantify interstrand distances. Furthermore, when the spectra are recorded with signal enhancement provided by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at 100 K, we demonstrate a dramatic increase (from 23 to 52) in the number of intermolecular (15)N-(13)C constraints detectable in the spectra. The increase in the information content is due to the enhanced signal intensities and to the fact that dynamic processes, leading to spectral intensity losses, are quenched at low temperatures. Thus, acquisition of low temperature spectra addresses a problem that is frequently encountered in MAS spectra of proteins. In total, the experiments provide 111 intermolecular (13)C-(13)C and (15)N-(13)C constraints that establish that the PI3-SH3 protein strands are aligned in a parallel, in-register arrangement within the amyloid fibril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin J Bayro
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, United States
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36
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Lafon O, Rosay M, Aussenac F, Lu X, Trébosc J, Cristini O, Kinowski C, Touati N, Vezin H, Amoureux JP. Beyond the Silica Surface by Direct Silicon-29 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8367-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Lafon O, Rosay M, Aussenac F, Lu X, Trébosc J, Cristini O, Kinowski C, Touati N, Vezin H, Amoureux JP. Beyond the Silica Surface by Direct Silicon-29 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Rosay M, Tometich L, Pawsey S, Bader R, Schauwecker R, Blank M, Borchard PM, Cauffman SR, Felch KL, Weber RT, Temkin RJ, Griffin RG, Maas WE. Solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization at 263 GHz: spectrometer design and experimental results. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:5850-60. [PMID: 20449524 PMCID: PMC4442492 DOI: 10.1039/c003685b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) experiments transfer polarization from electron spins to nuclear spins with microwave irradiation of the electron spins for enhanced sensitivity in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Design and testing of a spectrometer for magic angle spinning (MAS) DNP experiments at 263 GHz microwave frequency, 400 MHz (1)H frequency is described. Microwaves are generated by a novel continuous-wave gyrotron, transmitted to the NMR probe via a transmission line, and irradiated on a 3.2 mm rotor for MAS DNP experiments. DNP signal enhancements of up to 80 have been measured at 95 K on urea and proline in water-glycerol with the biradical polarizing agent TOTAPOL. We characterize the experimental parameters affecting the DNP efficiency: the magnetic field dependence, temperature dependence and polarization build-up times, microwave power dependence, sample heating effects, and spinning frequency dependence of the DNP signal enhancement. Stable system operation, including DNP performance, is also demonstrated over a 36 h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rosay
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
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39
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Debelouchina GT, Bayro MJ, van der Wel PCA, Caporini MA, Barnes AB, Rosay M, Maas WE, Griffin RG. Dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy of GNNQQNY nanocrystals and amyloid fibrils. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:5911-9. [PMID: 20454733 DOI: 10.1039/c003661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) utilizes the inherently larger polarization of electrons to enhance the sensitivity of conventional solid-state NMR experiments at low temperature. Recent advances in instrumentation development and sample preparation have transformed this field and have opened up new opportunities for its application to biological systems. Here, we present DNP-enhanced (13)C-(13)C and (15)N-(13)C correlation experiments on GNNQQNY nanocrystals and amyloid fibrils acquired at 9.4 T and 100 K and demonstrate that DNP can be used to obtain assignments and site-specific structural information very efficiently. We investigate the influence of temperature on the resolution, molecular conformation, structural integrity and dynamics in these two systems. In addition, we assess the low-temperature performance of two commonly used solid-state NMR experiments, proton-driven spin diffusion (PDSD) and transferred echo double resonance (TEDOR), and discuss their potential as tools for measurement of structurally relevant distances at low temperature in combination with DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia T Debelouchina
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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40
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Salnikov E, Rosay M, Pawsey S, Ouari O, Tordo P, Bechinger B. Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Oriented Membrane Polypeptides at 100 K with Signal Enhancement by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5940-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1007646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Salnikov
- Insitut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Bruker BioSpin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, and Université de Provence-CNRS UMR6264, av. Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille cédex 20, France
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Insitut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Bruker BioSpin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, and Université de Provence-CNRS UMR6264, av. Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille cédex 20, France
| | - Shane Pawsey
- Insitut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Bruker BioSpin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, and Université de Provence-CNRS UMR6264, av. Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille cédex 20, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Insitut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Bruker BioSpin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, and Université de Provence-CNRS UMR6264, av. Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille cédex 20, France
| | - Paul Tordo
- Insitut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Bruker BioSpin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, and Université de Provence-CNRS UMR6264, av. Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille cédex 20, France
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Insitut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Bruker BioSpin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, and Université de Provence-CNRS UMR6264, av. Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille cédex 20, France
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41
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Abstract
In a previous communication [Hu et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 10844 (2004)], an approach was demonstrated that improves the efficiency of the cross-effect polarization mechanism employed in high field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments. Specifically, it was shown that tethering two TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl) radicals increases the electron-electron dipole coupling from approximately 1 MHz in solutions of monomeric TEMPO to approximately 25 MHz in a tethered biradical. The larger coupling resulted in an increase in the DNP enhancements by a factor of approximately 3-4, from 45-50 to approximately 165. Here, a second approach to improving the efficiency of the polarization process is described that involves approximately satisfying the matching condition |omega(2e)-omega(1e)|=omega(n), where omega(2e) and omega(1e) are two frequencies in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum and omega(n) is the Larmor frequency of the nuclear spins being polarized. Specifically, in a mixture of TEMPO and trityl [tris (8-carboxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl(-d3)-benzo[1,2d:4,5-d']bis(1,3)dithiol-4-yl) methyl] radicals, the intensity maxima in the EPR spectra of these two species are approximately separated by the (1)H NMR frequency. In this case the frequency difference between the g(yy) value of TEMPO and the narrow pseudo-isotropic g-value of trityl is approximately 224 MHz and the (1)H Larmor frequency is 211 MHz. The optimal magnetic field for DNP using the mixtures was found to coincide with the trityl EPR resonance. At 90 K and 5 T, a mixture of 20 mM TEMPO and 20 mM trityl enhanced the (1)H polarization by a factor of approximately 160, an improvement over the enhancement of approximately 50 with 40 mM TEMPO. The reasons for the improvement are discussed and evidence is presented suggesting that DNP enhancement can be improved further by tethering TEMPO and trityl or two similar radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan-Nian Hu
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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42
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Joye CD, Griffin RG, Hornstein MK, Hu KN, Kreischer KE, Rosay M, Shapiro MA, Sirigiri JR, Temkin RJ, Woskov PP. Operational Characteristics of a 14-W 140-GHz Gyrotron for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci IEEE Nucl Plasma Sci Soc 2006; 34:518-523. [PMID: 17431442 PMCID: PMC1851936 DOI: 10.1109/tps.2006.875776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The operating characteristics of a 140-GHz 14-W long pulse gyrotron are presented. The device is being used in dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP/NMR) spectroscopy experiments. The gyrotron yields 14 W peak power at 139.65 GHz from the TE(0,3) operating mode using a 12.3-kV 25-mA electron beam. Additionally, up to 12 W peak has been observed in the TE(2,3) mode at 136.90 GHz. A series of mode converters transform the TE(0,3) operating mode to the TE(1,1) mode. Experimental results are compared with nonlinear simulations and show reasonable agreement. The millimeter-wave output beam was imaged in a single shot using a pyroelectric camera. The mode patterns matched reasonably well to theory for both the TE(0,1) mode and the TE(1,1) mode. Repeatable mode patterns were obtained at intervals ranging from 0.8 s apart to 11 min apart at the output of the final mode converter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Joye
- Student Member, IEEE, The Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA (e-mail: )
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43
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Rosay M, Lansing JC, Haddad KC, Bachovchin WW, Herzfeld J, Temkin RJ, Griffin RG. High-Frequency Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in MAS Spectra of Membrane and Soluble Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:13626-7. [PMID: 14599177 DOI: 10.1021/ja036898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the principal promises of solid-state NMR (SSNMR) magic angle spinning (MAS) experiments has been the possibility of determining the structures of molecules in states that are not accessible via X-ray or solution NMR experiments-e.g., membrane or amyloid proteins. However, the low sensitivity of SSNMR often restricts structural studies to small-model compounds and precludes many higher-dimensional solid-state MAS experiments on such systems. To address the sensitivity problem, we have developed experiments that utilize dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to enhance sensitivity. In this communication, we report the successful application of MAS DNP to samples of cryoprotected soluble and membrane proteins. In particular, we have observed DNP signal enhancements of up to 50 in 15N MAS spectra of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) and alpha-lytic protease (alpha-LP). The spectra were recorded at approximately 90 K where MAS is experimentally straightforward, and the results suggest that the described protocol will be widely applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rosay
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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44
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Abstract
The goal of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is to enhance NMR signals by transferring electron spin polarization to the nuclei. Although mechanisms such as the solid effect and thermal mixing can be used for DNP in the solid state, currently, the only practical mechanism in solutions is the Overhauser effect (OE), which usually arises due to dipolar relaxation between electrons and the nuclei. At magnetic fields greater than approximately 1 T, dipolar relaxation does not result in a useful enhancement and therefore the conventional wisdom is that DNP should not work in solutions at high magnetic fields. However, scalar relaxation due to time-dependent scalar couplings has a different magnetic field dependence and can lead to substantial OE enhancements. At room temperature and at a magnetic field of 5 T (211 MHz for protons, 140 GHz for electrons), we have observed that scalar relaxation between electrons and nuclei results in NMR signal enhancements of 180, 42, -36, and 8, for 31P, 13C, 15N, and 19F, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus M Loening
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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45
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Hampton PD, Daitch CE, Alam TM, Bencze Z, Rosay M. Titanium Complexes of Oxacalix[3]arenes: Synthesis and Mechanistic Studies of their Dynamic Isomerization. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00099a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Rosay M, Weis V, Kreischer KE, Temkin RJ, Griffin RG. Two-dimensional (13)C-(13)C correlation spectroscopy with magic angle spinning and dynamic nuclear polarization. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:3214-5. [PMID: 11916398 DOI: 10.1021/ja0176752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of solid-state NMR experiments can be enhanced with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), a technique that transfers the high Boltzmann polarization of unpaired electrons to nuclei. Signal enhancements of up to 23 have been obtained for magic angle spinning (MAS) experiments at 5 T and 85-90 K using a custom-designed high-power gyrotron. The extended stability of MAS/DNP experiments at low temperature is demonstrated with (1)H-driven (13)C spin-diffusion experiments on the amino acid proline. These (13)C-(13)C chemical shift correlation spectra are the first two-dimensional MAS/DNP experiments performed at high field (>1.4 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rosay
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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47
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Rosay M, Zeri AC, Astrof NS, Opella SJ, Herzfeld J, Griffin RG. Sensitivity-enhanced NMR of biological solids: dynamic nuclear polarization of Y21M fd bacteriophage and purple membrane. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:1010-1. [PMID: 11456650 DOI: 10.1021/ja005659j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rosay
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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48
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Weis V, Bennati M, Rosay M, Griffin RG. Solid effect in the electron spin dressed state: A new approach for dynamic nuclear polarization. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1310599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Farrar CT, Hall DA, Gerfen GJ, Rosay M, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Griffin RG. High-frequency dynamic nuclear polarization in the nuclear rotating frame. J Magn Reson 2000; 144:134-141. [PMID: 10783283 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2000.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A proton dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR signal enhancement (epsilon) close to thermal equilibrium, epsilon = 0.89, has been obtained at high field (B(0) = 5 T, nu(epr) = 139.5 GHz) using 15 mM trityl radical in a 40:60 water/glycerol frozen solution at 11 K. The electron-nuclear polarization transfer is performed in the nuclear rotating frame with microwave irradiation during a nuclear spin-lock pulse. The growth of the signal enhancement is governed by the rotating frame nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time (T(1rho)), which is four orders of magnitude shorter than the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time (T(1n)). Due to the rapid polarization transfer in the nuclear rotating frame the experiment can be recycled at a rate of 1/T(1rho) and is not limited by the much slower lab frame nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T(1n)). The increased repetition rate allowed in the nuclear rotating frame provides an effective enhancement per unit time(1/2) of epsilon(t) = 197. The nuclear rotating frame-DNP experiment does not require high microwave power; significant signal enhancements were obtained with a low-power (20 mW) Gunn diode microwave source and no microwave resonant structure. The symmetric trityl radical used as the polarization source is water-soluble and has a narrow EPR linewidth of 10 G at 139.5 GHz making it an ideal polarization source for high-field DNP/NMR studies of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Farrar
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Abstract
We describe a new triply tuned (e(-), (1)H, and (13)C) resonance structure operating at an electron Larmor frequency of 139.5 GHz for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and electron nuclear double-resonance (ENDOR) experiments. In contrast to conventional double-resonance structures, the body of the microwave cavity simultaneously acts as a NMR coil, allowing for increased efficiency of radiofrequency irradiation while maintaining a high quality factor for microwave irradiation. The resonator design is ideal for low-gamma-nuclei ENDOR, where sensitivity is limited by the fact that electron spin relaxation times are on the order of the RF pulse lengths. The performance is demonstrated with (2)H ENDOR on a standard perdeuterated bis-diphenylene-phenyl-allyl stable radical. In DNP experiments, we show that the use of this resonator, combined with a low microwave power setup (17 mW), leads to significantly higher (1)H signal enhancement (epsilon approximately 400 +/- 50) than previously achieved at 5-T fields. The results emphasize the importance of optimizing the microwave B(1) field by improving either the quality factor of the microwave resonator or the microwave power level.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Weis
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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