801
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Niu J, Wang X, Liang C, Zhang YD, Liu FY, Li HY, Xie SQ, Sun H, Fang D. Suppression of epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated β-catenin nuclear accumulation enhances the anti-tumor activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor in breast cancer. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:931-939. [PMID: 31124219 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is frequently deregulated in breast cancer and plays a critical role in tumor progression. However, resistance to PI3K inhibitors in breast cancer has emerged, which is due to the enhanced β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Until now, the mechanisms underlying PI3K inhibition-induced β-catenin nuclear accumulation remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 promoted β-catenin nuclear accumulation in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Combining PI3K inhibitor LY294002 with XAV-939, an inhibitor against β-catenin nuclear accumulation, produced an additive anti-proliferation effect against breast cancer cells. Subsequent experiments suggested β-catenin nuclear accumulation induced by PI3K inhibition depended on the feedback activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation with Gefitinib enhanced anti-proliferation effect of PI3K inhibitor LY294002 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, our findings may elucidate a possible mechanism explaining the poor outcome of PI3K inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Fan-Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Hai-Ying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Song-Qiang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, 475004 Kaifeng, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Chemical Biology, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Hua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, 475004 Kaifeng, China
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802
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Thomas R, Srivastava S, Katreddy RR, Sobieski J, Weihua Z. Kinase-Inactivated EGFR Is Required for the Survival of Wild-Type EGFR-Expressing Cancer Cells Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102515. [PMID: 31121829 PMCID: PMC6566606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is often ineffective in treating cancers harboring wild-type EGFR (wt-EGFR). TKIs are known to cause dimerization of EGFR without altering its expression level. Given the fact that EGFR possesses kinase-independent pro-survival function, the role of TKI-inactivated EGFR in cancer cell survival needs to be addressed. In this study, using wt-EGFR-expressing cancer cells A549 (lung), DU145 (prostate), PC3 (prostate), and MDA-MB-231 (breast), we characterized the TKI-induced dimerization status of EGFR and determined the dependency of cells on kinase-inactivated EGFR for survival. We report that TKI-induced EGFR dimerization is dependent on palmitoylation and independent of its kinase activity, and that mutations of the cysteine residues known to be critical for EGFR’s palmitoylation abolished TKI-induced EGFR dimerization. Furthermore, TKI-induced EGFR dimerization is persistent in TKI-resistant cells, and inhibition of palmitoylation by 2-bromopalmitate, or targeted reduction of the kinase-inactivated EGFR by siRNA or by an EGFR-downregulating peptide, are lethal to TKI-resistant cancer cells. This study suggests that kinase-inactivated EGFR remains to be a viable therapeutic target for wt-EGFR cancers and that inhibiting palmitoylation or downregulating EGFR may overcome TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintu Thomas
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Shivangi Srivastava
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Rajasekhara Reddy Katreddy
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Jason Sobieski
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Zhang Weihua
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
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803
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Mindur JE, Swirski FK. Growth Factors as Immunotherapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1275-1287. [PMID: 31092009 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.311994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors, such as CSFs (colony-stimulating factors), EGFs (epidermal growth factors), and FGFs (fibroblast growth factors), are signaling proteins that control a wide range of cellular functions. Although growth factor networks are critical for intercellular communication and tissue homeostasis, their abnormal production or regulation occurs in various pathologies. Clinical strategies that target growth factors or their receptors are used to treat a variety of conditions but have yet to be adopted for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we focus on M-CSF (macrophage-CSF), GM-CSF (granulocyte-M-CSF), IL (interleukin)-3, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), and FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21). We first discuss the efficacy of targeting these growth factors in other disease contexts (ie, inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, cancer, or metabolic disorders) and then consider arguments for or against targeting them to treat cardiovascular disease. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Mindur
- From the Graduate Program in Immunology (J.E.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Center for Systems Biology (J.E.M., F.K.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology (J.E.M., F.K.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Radiology (F.K.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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804
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García-Aranda M, Redondo M. Targeting Protein Kinases to Enhance the Response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2296. [PMID: 31075880 PMCID: PMC6540309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) is one of the main pathways used by some tumors to escape the immune response. In recent years, immunotherapies based on the use of antibodies against PD-1/PD-L1 have been postulated as a great promise for cancer treatment, increasing total survival compared to standard therapy in different tumors. Despite the hopefulness of these results, a significant percentage of patients do not respond to such therapy or will end up evolving toward a progressive disease. Besides their role in PD-L1 expression, altered protein kinases in tumor cells can limit the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapies at different levels. In this review, we describe the role of kinases that appear most frequently altered in tumor cells and that can be an impediment for the success of immunotherapies as well as the potential utility of protein kinase inhibitors to enhance the response to such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina García-Aranda
- Research Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol. Autovía A7, km 187. Marbella, 29603 Málaga, Spain.
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Research Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol. Autovía A7, km 187. Marbella, 29603 Málaga, Spain.
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
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805
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Vlaicu SI, Tatomir A, Rus V, Rus H. Role of C5b-9 and RGC-32 in Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1054. [PMID: 31156630 PMCID: PMC6530392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system represents an effective arsenal of innate immunity as well as an interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Activation of the complement system culminates with the assembly of the C5b-9 terminal complement complex on cell membranes, inducing target cell lysis. Translation of this sequence of events into a malignant setting has traditionally afforded C5b-9 a strict antitumoral role, in synergy with antibody-dependent tumor cytolysis. However, in recent decades, a plethora of evidence has revised this view, highlighting the tumor-promoting properties of C5b-9. Sublytic C5b-9 induces cell cycle progression by activating signal transduction pathways (e.g., Gi protein/ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt kinase and Ras/Raf1/ERK1) and modulating the activation of cancer-related transcription factors, while shielding malignant cells from apoptosis. C5b-9 also induces Response Gene to Complement (RGC)-32, a gene that contributes to cell cycle regulation by activating the Akt and CDC2 kinases. RGC-32 is expressed by tumor cells and plays a dual role in cancer, functioning as either a tumor promoter by endorsing malignancy initiation, progression, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, or as a tumor suppressor. In this review, we present recent data describing the versatile, multifaceted roles of C5b-9 and its effector, RGC-32, in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia I Vlaicu
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexandru Tatomir
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Violeta Rus
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Horea Rus
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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806
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Mirhosseini SA, Sarfi M, Samavarchi Tehrani S, Mirazakhani M, Maniati M, Amani J. Modulation of cancer cell signaling by long noncoding RNAs. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12224-12246. [PMID: 31069841 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling pathways play a very important role in almost all molecular processes in the cell, and are generally composed of a complex set of cascades in which enzymes and proteins play a key role. These signaling pathways include different types of cellular signaling classified based on their receptors and effector proteins such as enzyme-linked receptors, cytokine receptors, and G-protein-coupled receptors each of which is subdivided into different classes. Signaling pathways are tightly controlled by different mechanisms mostly thorough inhibiting/activating their receptors or effector proteins. In the last two decades, our knowledge of molecular biology has changed dramatically and today we know that more than 85% of the human genome expresses noncoding RNAs most of which are crucial in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cells. One of these noncoding RNAs are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) containing more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs participate in the progression of cancer growth through several mechanism including signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize some of the most important of lncRNAs and their effect on important signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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807
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A Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Approach for Determining Antibody-Receptor Occupancy In Vivo. iScience 2019; 15:439-451. [PMID: 31121469 PMCID: PMC6529791 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating receptor occupancy (RO) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a crucial step in characterizing the therapeutic efficacy of mAbs. However, the in vivo assessment of RO, particularly within peripheral tissues, is greatly limited by current technologies. In the present study, we developed a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based system that leverages the large signal:noise ratio and stringent energy donor-acceptor distance dependency to measure antibody RO in a highly selective and temporal fashion. This versatile and minimally invasive system enables longitudinal monitoring of the in vivo antibody-receptor engagement over several days. As a proof of principle, we quantified cetuximab-epidermal growth factor receptor binding kinetics using this system and assessed cetuximab RO in a tumor xenograft model. Incomplete ROs were observed, even at a supratherapeutic dose of 50 mg/kg, indicating that fractional target accessibility is achieved. The BRET-based imaging approach enables quantification of antibody in vivo RO and provides critical information required to optimize therapeutic mAb efficacy. Nano-BRET was used to longitudinally quantify cetuximab-binding kinetics to EGFR Incomplete EGFR occupancy in solid tumors was observed even at supratherapeutic doses A kinetic disassociation exists between plasma antibody and bound targets in tumors
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808
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Viaene AN, Lee EB, Rosenbaum JN, Nasrallah IM, Nasrallah MP. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of pituicytomas and atypical pituicytomas. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:69. [PMID: 31046843 PMCID: PMC6498683 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituicytoma is a rare, poorly characterized tumor of the sellar region that is thought to be derived from neurohypophyseal pituicytes. Resection of pituicytomas is often associated with significant morbidity including diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism. Most of the literature on this tumor exists as small case series or case reports. Here we describe a cohort of fourteen pituicytoma resections from eleven patients. The average follow-up on these cases is 3.7 years with some patients having over 10 years of follow-up data available in the electronic medical record. Pituicytomas were frequently misdiagnosed on pre-operative imaging, and surgical resection was associated with persistent endocrine abnormalities. Histologically, the tumors showed a range of morphologies from epithelioid to spindled. All tumors were positive for TTF-1 with variable immunostaining for other markers including GFAP, EMA, S100, SSTR2A, and synaptophysin. Within this cohort are two patients with atypical pituicytomas which showed increased cellularity, pleomorphism, mitoses and elevated Ki-67 proliferation indexes when compared to non-atypical pituicytomas. Next generation sequencing performed on three tumors revealed alterations in genes involved in the MAPK pathway. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining for phosphorylated-ERK was positive in the majority of tumors. Increased awareness of the neoplastic entity and identification of targetable mutations have the potential to decrease the morbidity associated with resection of pituicytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N Viaene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason N Rosenbaum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilya M Nasrallah
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - MacLean P Nasrallah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, FO6.089 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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809
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D'Alesio C, Bellese G, Gagliani MC, Lechiara A, Dameri M, Grasselli E, Lanfrancone L, Cortese K, Castagnola P. The chromodomain helicase CHD4 regulates ERBB2 signaling pathway and autophagy in ERBB2 + breast cancer cells. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.038323. [PMID: 30967373 PMCID: PMC6504000 DOI: 10.1242/bio.038323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 4 (CHD4), a member of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylases (NuRD) complex, has been identified as an oncogene that modulates proliferation and migration of breast cancers (BC). ERBB2 is an oncogenic driver in 20–30% of BC in which its overexpression leads to increased chemoresistance. Here we investigated whether CHD4 depletion affects the ERBB2 cascade and autophagy, which represents a mechanism of resistance against Trastuzumab (Tz), a therapeutic anti-ERBB2 antibody. We show that CHD4 depletion in two ERBB2+ BC cell lines strongly inhibits cell proliferation, induces p27KIP1 upregulation, Tyr1248 ERBB2 phosphorylation, ERK1/2 and AKT dephosphorylation, and downregulation of both ERBB2 and PI3K levels. Moreover, CHD4 silencing impairs late stages of autophagy, resulting in increased levels of LC3 II and SQSTM1/p62, lysosomal enlargement and accumulation of autolysosomes (ALs). Importantly, we show that CHD4 depletion and concomitant treatment with Tz prevent cell proliferation in vitro. Our results suggest that CHD4 plays a critical role in modulating cell proliferation, ERBB2 signaling cascade and autophagy and provide new insights on CHD4 as a potential target for the treatment of ERBB2+ BC. Summary: Inhibition of CHD4 expression impairs cell proliferation and survival through downregulation of ERBB2 signaling and block of autophagy. Therefore, CHD4 should be considered a potential target in ERBB2+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina D'Alesio
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy.,DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Grazia Bellese
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Anastasia Lechiara
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Dameri
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Grasselli
- DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life science, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizio Castagnola
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
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810
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Zou S, Xu Y, Chen X, He C, Gao A, Zhou J, Chen Y. DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι) promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cell via EGFR-ERK-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:363-370. [PMID: 30829610 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Zou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Fudan university Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200433, China
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Chao He
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Aidi Gao
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
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811
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Yang F, Xu J, Li H, Tan M, Xiong X, Sun Y. FBXW2 suppresses migration and invasion of lung cancer cells via promoting β-catenin ubiquitylation and degradation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1382. [PMID: 30918250 PMCID: PMC6437151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXW2 inhibits proliferation of lung cancer cells by targeting SKP2 for degradation. Whether and how FBXW2 regulates tumor invasion and metastasis is previously unknown. Here, we report that FBXW2 is an E3 ligase for β-catenin. FBXW2 binds to β-catenin upon EGF-AKT1-mediated phosphorylation on Ser552, and promotes its ubiquitylation and degradation. FBXW2 overexpression reduces β-catenin levels and protein half-life, whereas FBXW2 knockdown increases β-catenin levels, protein half-life and transcriptional activity. Functionally, FBXW2 overexpression inhibits migration and invasion by blocking transactivation of MMPs driven by β-catenin, whereas FXBW2 knockdown promotes migration, invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo lung cancer models. In human lung cancer specimens, while FBXW2 levels are inversely correlated with β-catenin levels and lymph-node metastasis, lower FBXW2 coupled with higher β-catenin, predict a worse patient survival. Collectively, our study demonstrates that FBXW2 inhibits tumor migration, invasion and metastasis in lung cancer cells by targeting β-catenin for degradation. FBXW2 is an F-box protein that target substrates for degradation through SCF E3 ligase. Here, the authors show that FBXW2 suppresses lung cancer migration and invasion by promoting degradation of β-catenin and this is dependent on EGF-AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310029, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, MI48109, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, MI48109, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, MI48109, USA
| | - Mingjia Tan
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, MI48109, USA
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310029, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310029, Hangzhou, China. .,Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, MI48109, USA.
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812
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Ijuin T. Phosphoinositide phosphatases in cancer cell dynamics-Beyond PI3K and PTEN. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:50-65. [PMID: 30922959 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are a group of lipids that regulate intracellular signaling and subcellular biological events. The signaling by phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and Akt mediates the action of growth factors that are essential for cell proliferation, gene transcription, cell migration, and polarity. The hyperactivation of this signaling has been identified in different cancer cells; and, it has been implicated in oncogenic transformation and cancer cell malignancy. Recent studies have argued the role of phosphoinositides in cancer cell dynamics, including actin cytoskeletal rearrangement at the plasma membrane and the organization of intracellular compartments. The focus of this review is to summarize the impact of the activities of phosphoinositide phosphatases on intracellular signaling related to cancer cell dynamics and to discuss how the abnormalities in the activities of the enzymes alter the levels of phosphoinositides in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ijuin
- Division of Biochemistry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chu-o, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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813
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Gatti V, Fierro C, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. ΔNp63 in squamous cell carcinoma: defining the oncogenic routes affecting epigenetic landscape and tumour microenvironment. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:981-1001. [PMID: 30845357 PMCID: PMC6487733 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a treatment‐refractory tumour which arises from the epithelium of diverse anatomical sites such as oesophagus, head and neck, lung and skin. Accumulating evidence has revealed a number of genomic, clinical and molecular features commonly observed in SCC of distinct origins. Some of these genetic events culminate in fostering the activity of ΔNp63, a potent oncogene which exerts its pro‐tumourigenic effects by regulating specific transcriptional programmes to sustain malignant cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we will describe the genetic and epigenetic determinants underlying ΔNp63 oncogenic activities in SCC, and discuss some relevant transcriptional effectors of ΔNp63, emphasizing their impact in modulating the crosstalk between tumour cells and tumour microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gatti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Claudia Fierro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Rome, Italy
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814
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Ishii T, Warabi E. Mechanism of Rapid Nuclear Factor-E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Activation via Membrane-Associated Estrogen Receptors: Roles of NADPH Oxidase 1, Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030069. [PMID: 30889865 PMCID: PMC6466580 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated estrogen receptors (ER)-α36 and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) play important roles in the estrogen’s rapid non-genomic actions including stimulation of cell proliferation. Estrogen via these receptors induces rapid activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of detoxification and antioxidant systems, playing a key role in the metabolic reprogramming to support cell proliferation. This review highlights the possible mechanism underlying rapid Nrf2 activation via membrane-associated estrogen receptors by estrogen and phytoestrogens. Stimulation of ER-α36-GPER signaling complex rapidly induces Src-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leading to a kinase-mediated signaling cascade. We propose a novel hypothesis that ER-α36-GPER signaling initially induces rapid and temporal activation of NADPH oxidase 1 to generate superoxide, which subsequently activates redox-sensitive neutral sphingomyelinase 2 generating the lipid signaling mediator ceramide. Generation of ceramide is required for Ras activation and ceramide-protein kinase C ζ-casein kinase 2 (CK2) signaling. Notably, CK2 enhances chaperone activity of the Cdc37-Hsp90 complex supporting activation of various signaling kinases including Src, Raf and Akt (protein kinase B). Activation of Nrf2 may be induced by cooperation of two signaling pathways, (i) Nrf2 stabilization by direct phosphorylation by CK2 and (ii) EGFR-Ras-PI 3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt axis which inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3β leading to enhanced nuclear transport and stability of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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815
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Mitamura T, Dong P, Ihira K, Kudo M, Watari H. Molecular-targeted therapies and precision medicine for endometrial cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2019; 49:108-120. [PMID: 30423148 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall survival rate of patients with early-stage endometrial cancer is relatively high; however, there are few treatment options for patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, and the prognosis of such patients remains poor. Recent progress in molecular-targeted therapies demonstrated that they have the potential to improve the long-term survival of cancer patients with appropriate biomarkers. However, the median progression-free survival of patients who received single-agent molecular-targeted therapy was <5 months, and the development of molecular-targeted therapies for endometrial cancer patients is urgently needed. This review highlights the previous efforts, including antiangiogenesis therapy, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor treatment and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor treatment and reports on ongoing phase 2 clinical trials, including immune checkpoint inhibitor and PARP inhibitor. We also summarized the genetic background of endometrial cancer according to The Cancer Genome Atlas data and considered the theoretical background for future efforts to prolong the survival of patients with refractory endometrial cancer and for other interesting challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mitamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kei Ihira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masataka Kudo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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816
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Phage Display Libraries: From Binders to Targeted Drug Delivery and Human Therapeutics. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:286-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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817
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Roth L, Grzeschik J, Hinz SC, Becker S, Toleikis L, Busch M, Kolmar H, Krah S, Zielonka S. Facile generation of antibody heavy and light chain diversities for yeast surface display by Golden Gate Cloning. Biol Chem 2018; 400:383-393. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibodies can be successfully engineered and isolated by yeast or phage display of combinatorial libraries. Still, generation of libraries comprising heavy chain as well as light chain diversities is a cumbersome process involving multiple steps. Within this study, we set out to compare the output of yeast display screening of antibody Fab libraries from immunized rodents that were generated by Golden Gate Cloning (GGC) with the conventional three-step method of individual heavy- and light-chain sub-library construction followed by chain combination via yeast mating (YM). We demonstrate that the GGC-based one-step process delivers libraries and antibodies from heavy- and light-chain diversities with similar quality to the traditional method while being significantly less complex and faster. Additionally, we show that this method can also be used to successfully screen and isolate chimeric chicken/human antibodies following avian immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Steffen C. Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Michael Busch
- Discovery Pharmacology, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
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818
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Liu XY, Ma D, Xu XE, Jin X, Yu KD, Jiang YZ, Shao ZM. Genomic Landscape and Endocrine-Resistant Subgroup in Estrogen Receptor-Positive, Progesterone Receptor-Negative, and HER2-Negative Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:6386-6399. [PMID: 30613307 PMCID: PMC6299689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (ER+PR-HER2-) breast cancer comprise a special type of breast cancer that constitutes ~10% of all breast cancer patients. ER+PR-HER2- tumor benefits less from endocrine therapy, while its genomic features remain elusive. In this study, we systematically assessed the multiomic landscape and endocrine responsiveness of ER+PR-HER2- breast cancer. Methods: This study incorporated five cohorts. The first and second cohorts were from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (n=130,856) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (n=1,055) for analyzing survival outcomes and endocrine responsiveness. The third cohort was from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=630) for multiomic analysis and endocrine-resistant subgroup exploration. The fourth cohort, from the MD Anderson database (n=92), was employed to assist gene selection. The fifth cohort was a prospective observational cohort from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (n=245) that was utilized to validate the gene-defined subgroup by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Clinically, ER+PR-HER2- tumors showed lower endocrine responsiveness than did ER+PR+HER2- tumors. Genomically, copy number loss or promoter methylation of PR genes occurred in 75% of ER+PR-HER2- tumors, collectively explaining PR loss. ER+PR-HER2- tumors had higher TP53 (30.3% vs. 17.0%) and lower PIK3CA mutation rates (25.8% vs. 42.7%) and exhibited more ZNF703 (21.5% vs. 13.6%) and RPS6KB1 (18.5% vs. 7.8%) amplification events than ER+PR+HER2- tumors. Among ER+PR-HER2- tumors, nearly 20% were of the PAM50-defined non-luminal-like subgroup and manifested lower endocrine sensitivity scores and enriched biosynthesis, metabolism and DNA replication pathways. We further identified the non-luminal-like subgroup using three IHC markers, GATA3, CK5, and EGFR. These IHC-defined non-luminal-like (GATA3-negative, CK5-positive and/or EGFR-positive) tumors received limited benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy. Conclusion: ER+PR-HER2- breast cancer consists of clinically and genomically distinct groups that may require different treatment strategies. The non-luminal-like subgroup was associated with reduced benefit from endocrine therapy.
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819
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Suwakulsiri W, Rai A, Xu R, Chen M, Greening DW, Simpson RJ. Proteomic profiling reveals key cancer progression modulators in shed microvesicles released from isogenic human primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1867:140171. [PMID: 30502510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles comprise two main classes - exosomes and shed microvesicles (sMVs). Whilst much is known about exosome cargo content and functionality, sMVs are poorly understood. Here, we describe the large-scale purification of sMVs released from primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) human isogenic colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines using a combination of differential ultracentrifugation and isopycnic iodixanol density centrifugation. The yield of SW480-sMVs and SW620-sMVs was 0.75 mg and 0.80 mg, respectively. Both SW480-/SW620-sMVs are heterogeneous in size (100-600 nm diameter) and exhibit identical buoyant densities (1.10 g/mL). In contrast to exosomes, sMVs are ALIX-, TSG101-, CD63- and CD9-. Quantitative mass spectrometry identified 1295 and 1300 proteins in SW480-sMVs and SW620-sMVs, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis identified 'cell adhesion' (CDH1, OCLN, CTN families), 'signalling pathway' (KRAS, NRAS, MAPK1, MAP2K1), and 'translation/RNA related' processes (EIF, RPL, HNRNP families) in both sMV types. Strikingly, SW480- and SW620-sMVs exhibit distinct protein signatures - SW480-sMVs being enriched in ITGA/B, ANXA1, CLDN7, CD44 and EGFR/NOTCH signalling networks, while SW620-sMVs are enriched in PRKCA, MACC1, FGFR4 and MTOR/MARCKS signalling networks. Both SW480- and SW620-sMVs are taken up by NIH3T3 fibroblasts resulting in similar cell invasion capability. This study provides, for the first time, molecular insights into sMVs and CRC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wittaya Suwakulsiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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820
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Lin X, Wen G, Wang S, Lu H, Li C, Wang X. Expression and role of EGFR, cyclin D1 and KRAS in laryngocarcinoma tissues. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:782-790. [PMID: 30651863 PMCID: PMC6307426 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin D1 and KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS) genes serve roles in the occurrence and development of tumors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression levels of EGFR, cyclin D1 and KRAS in laryngocarcinoma tissues and their association with clinical features. In addition, correlation between the expression levels of EGFR, cyclin D1 and KRAS was analyzed in laryngocarcinoma tissues. The expression levels of EGFR, cyclin D1 and KRAS in 46 patients with laryngocarcinoma and 20 patients with vocal cord polyps as the control group were determined using Super Vision immunohistochemical staining assay kits. The differences in clinical and pathological parameters between groups were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. The expression rates of EGFR, cyclin D1 and KRAS were 71.7, 52.2 and 39.1%, respectively in laryngocarcinoma tissues, and 10.0, 5.0 and 10.0%, respectively in vocal cord polyps. There was a positive correlation between the expression levels of EGFR, cyclin D1 and KRAS. The expression of these genes was also closely associated with the clinical stage, treatment response and prognosis of patients with laryngocarcinoma. Multivariate analysis of prognosis using the Cox regression model indicated that EGFR expression in laryngocarcinoma tissues and the clinical stage of patients with laryngocarcinoma were closely associated with patient prognosis. The results of the current study indicated that EGFR, cyclin D1 and KRAS were synergistically involved in the occurrence and development of laryngocarcinoma, directly affecting the prognosis of patients. Additionally, high expression of EGFR, cyclin D1 and KRAS facilitated the invasion and metastasis of laryngocarcinoma cells. The expression of EGFR in laryngocarcinoma tissues and clinical stage were two independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, P.R. China
| | - Shuangle Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, P.R. China
| | - Hangui Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, P.R. China
| | - Chuangwei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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821
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Wang YN, Lee HH, Hung MC. A novel ligand-receptor relationship between families of ribonucleases and receptor tyrosine kinases. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:83. [PMID: 30449278 PMCID: PMC6241042 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ribonuclease is known to participate in host defense system against pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, and virus, which results in innate immune response. Nevertheless, its potential impact to host cells remains unclear. Of interest, several ribonucleases do not act as catalytically competent enzymes, suggesting that ribonucleases may be associated with certain intrinsic functions other than their ribonucleolytic activities. Most recently, human pancreatic ribonuclease 5 (hRNase5; also named angiogenin; hereinafter referred to as hRNase5/ANG), which belongs to the human ribonuclease A superfamily, has been demonstrated to function as a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. As a newly identified EGFR ligand, hRNase5/ANG associates with EGFR and stimulates EGFR and the downstream signaling in a catalytic-independent manner. Notably, hRNase5/ANG, whose level in sera of pancreatic cancer patients, serves as a non-invasive serum biomarker to stratify patients for predicting the sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy. Here, we describe the hRNase5/ANG-EGFR pair as an example to highlight a ligand-receptor relationship between families of ribonucleases and receptor tyrosine kinases, which are thought as two unrelated protein families associated with distinct biological functions. The notion of serum biomarker-guided EGFR-targeted therapies will also be discussed. Furthering our understanding of this novel ligand-receptor interaction will shed new light on the search of ligands for their cognate receptors, especially those orphan receptors without known ligands, and deepen our knowledge of the fundamental research in membrane receptor biology and the translational application toward the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
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822
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McCann AP, Smyth P, Cogo F, McDaid WJ, Jiang L, Lin J, Evergren E, Burden RE, Van Schaeybroeck S, Scott CJ, Burrows JF. USP17 is required for trafficking and oncogenic signaling of mutant EGFR in NSCLC cells. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:77. [PMID: 30409180 PMCID: PMC6225634 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The deubiquitinase USP17 is overexpressed in NSCLC and has been shown to be required for the growth and motility of EGFR wild-type (WT) NSCLC cells. USP17 is also required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis of EGFR. Here, we examine the impact of USP17 depletion on the growth, as well as EGFR endocytosis and signaling, of EGFR mutant (MT) NSCLC cells. In particular, we examine NSCLC cells harboring an EGFR activating exon 19 deletion (HCC827), or both the L858R activating mutation and the T790M resistance gatekeeper mutation (H1975) which renders them resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Methods MTT, trypan blue and clonogenic assays, confocal microscopy, Western blotting and cell cycle analysis were performed. Results USP17 depletion blocks the growth of EGFRMT NSCLC cells carrying either the EGFR exon 19 deletion, or L858R/T790M double mutation. In contrast to EGFRWT cells, USP17 depletion also triggers apoptosis of EGFRMT NSCLC cells. USP17 is required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis in these EGFRMT NSCLC cells, but it is not required for the internalization of the mutated EGFR receptors. Instead, USP17 depletion alters the localization of these receptors within the cell, and although it does not decrease basal EGFR activation, it potently reduces activation of Src, a key kinase in mutant EGFR-dependent tumorigenicity. Finally, we demonstrate that USP17 depletion can trigger apoptosis in EGFRWT NSCLC cells, when combined with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib. Conclusions Our data reveals that USP17 facilitates trafficking and oncogenic signaling of mutant EGFR and indicates targeting USP17 could represent a viable therapeutic strategy in NSCLC tumours carrying either an EGFR activating mutation, or a resistance gatekeeper mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P McCann
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Peter Smyth
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Francesco Cogo
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - William J McDaid
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lai Jiang
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jia Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Emma Evergren
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Roberta E Burden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - James F Burrows
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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823
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Noor A, Walser G, Wesseling M, Giron P, Laffra AM, Haddouchi F, De Grève J, Kronenberger P. Production of a mono-biotinylated EGFR nanobody in the E. coli periplasm using the pET22b vector. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:751. [PMID: 30348204 PMCID: PMC6196415 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to produce a mono-biotinylated single domain antibody ('nanobody') specific for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed in many cancer cells. The binding of the nanobody and its function are tested in cancer cells. The construct could be used to carry variable therapeutic or diagnostic load using biotin-streptavidin bridging. RESULTS The EGFR-specific 7D12 nanobody was genetically fused to an IgA hinge linker and to a C-terminal biotin ligase acceptor sequence, allowing mono-biotinylation in E. coli. Expression was in strain BL21-DE3 from a T7 RNA polymerase driven pET22b vector. The biotinylated nanobody, isolated from the periplasm, was purified using streptavidin-mutein affinity chromatography. Final yields were up to 5 mg/l of cell culture. We showed that the construct could bind to EGFR expressing A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells, and to transiently transformed EGFR overexpressing HEK293T cells and not to EGFR negative control cells. The specificity for the EGFR was further demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. To test the functionality, PC9 non-small cell lung cancer cells were treated with mono-biotinylated nanobody or with streptavidin-coupled tetravalent nanobodies. Both were able to block mutant EGFR phosphorylation and slow down growth of PC9 cells. Tetravalent nanobodies were able to downregulate AKT phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfiah Noor
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 109, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gudrun Walser
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Erasmushogeschool Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 121, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Wesseling
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Erasmushogeschool Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 121, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Giron
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 109, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Albert-Menno Laffra
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Erasmushogeschool Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 121, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatima Haddouchi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Erasmushogeschool Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 121, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques De Grève
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 109, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Kronenberger
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 109, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Erasmushogeschool Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 121, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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824
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Li W, Wang Y, Tan S, Rao Q, Zhu T, Huang G, Li Z, Liu G. Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and HER-2 in Bladder Carcinoma and Its Association with Patients' Clinical Features. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7178-7185. [PMID: 30296252 PMCID: PMC6190725 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the expression of EGFR/HER-2 and investigate their association with patients' clinical features in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was utilized in our study to explore the expression of EGFR/HER-2 of 56 human bladder cancer samples and 10 normal bladder samples. RESULTS EGFR and HER-2 expressions were both significantly higher in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) than that in non-cancer bladder samples; the EGFR positivity rate was 55.4% among BTCC samples and 37.5% for HER-2a. A statistically significant correlation was also present between the increasing EGFR or HER-2 expression levels and the clinical stages, pathologic grades, and tumor recurrence. The expression level of EGFR increased along with higher clinical stages and pathologic grades of BTCC, and the obviously increased expression of HER-2 was statistically associated with clinical stages and tumor recurrence. In addition, the expression level of HER-2 increased along with the higher clinical stage of BTCC. EGFR expression and HER-2 levels were positively associated in BTCC samples. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that high EGFR and HER-2 expressions are dramatically increased in the BTCC tissues and are closely related to the clinical stages, pathologic grades, and tumor recurrence. Therefore, the evaluation of EGFR and HER-2 expression in BTCC may contribute to identifying patients who are at increased risk of disease progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Youquan Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Shubo Tan
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Qishuo Rao
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Tian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Guo Huang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Guowen Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
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825
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Zhang J, Dang F, Ren J, Wei W. Biochemical Aspects of PD-L1 Regulation in Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:1014-1032. [PMID: 30287140 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PD-L1, frequently expressed in human cancers, engages with PD-1 on immune cells and contributes to cancer immune evasion. As such, antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction reactivate cytotoxic T cells to eradicate cancer cells. However, a majority of cancer patients fail to respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with unclear underlying mechanism(s). Recent studies revealed that PD-L1 expression levels on tumor cells might affect the clinical response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Hence, understanding molecular mechanisms for controlling PD-L1 expression will be important to improve the clinical response rate and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. In this review, we primarily focus on summarizing PD-L1 regulation and its potential roles in regulating antitumor immune response, with purpose to optimize anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, benefiting a wider cancer patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Junming Ren
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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826
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Li J, Bai TR, Gao S, Zhou Z, Peng XM, Zhang LS, Dou DL, Zhang ZS, Li LY. Human rhomboid family-1 modulates clathrin coated vesicle-dependent pro-transforming growth factor α membrane trafficking to promote breast cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:229-240. [PMID: 30279141 PMCID: PMC6197618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling is critical in epithelial cancer development. Human rhomboid family-1 (RHBDF1) facilitates the secretion of TGFα, an EGFR ligand, in breast cancer; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated the role for RHBDF1 in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV)-dependent pro-TGFα membrane trafficking in breast cancer cells upon stimulation by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. METHODS RHBDF1 was silenced in various breast cancer cells using shRNA. TGFα levels, subcellular localization, and secretion were evaluated using ELISA, immunofluorescent staining, and coimmunoprecipitation. Phosphorylation and expression of relevant proteins were measured by western blotting. RHBDF1-dependent cell viability and invasion were measured. FINDINGS RHBDF1 mediates GPCR agonist-induced EGFR phosphorylation by promoting TGFα secretion in various types of breast cancer cells. RHBDF1 not only mediates ADAM17-dependent shedding of TGFα, but is essential in membrane trafficking of pro-TGFα. RHBDF1 silencing results in blocking of clathrin uncoating from CCV, a crucial step for the plasma membrane release of pro-TGFα. Interaction of RHBDF1 with auxilin-2, a CCV protein, determines the recruitment of HSC70 to CCV to facilitate clathrin uncoating. RHBDF1 function is required for the proliferation and mobility of breast cancer cells upon stimulation by Sphingosine 1 Phosphate (S1P), a GPCR agonist. We demonstrate a significant correlation between RHBDF1 overexpression and EGFR activation in breast cancer tissues. INTERPRETATION RHBDF1 is an indispensable component of the protein trafficking machinery involved in GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation, and is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81,672,740 to ZSZ, 81,272,356 and 81,330,029 to LYL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tai-Ran Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue-Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dao-Lei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Lu-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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827
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Liu B, Han D, Zhang T, Cheng G, Lu Y, Wang J, Zhao H, Zhao Z. Hypoxia-induced autophagy promotes EGFR loss in specific cell contexts, which leads to cell death and enhanced radiosensitivity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 111:12-18. [PMID: 30278227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment failure through radioresistance of tumors is associated with activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Tumor cell proliferation, DNA-repair, hypoxia and metastases-formation are four mechanisms in which EGFR signaling has an important role. However, the effect of hypoxia on EGFR expression is still controversial. In this study, we demonstrated that hypoxia enhanced EGFR expression and sustained cell survival in SiHa, CAL 27 and A549 cells at both low and high cell desnities, while in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells, EGFR and cell survival were regulated by hypoxic treatment in a cell-density dependent manner: upregulated at low cell density and downregulated at high cell density. In MCF-7 and HeLa xenografts in nude mice, EGFR expression varied inversely with the pimonidazole level that was used as an indicator of hypoxia, accordant with the effect of hypoxia at high cell density in vitro. Hypoxia induced more remarkable cell autophagy at high cell density than at low cell density. Autophagy inhibitor 3MA, rather than proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibited hypoxia-mediated EGFR loss and shifted cell death to cell survival in HeLa cells. The MCF7 cells' sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) under hypoxia was also conditional on the cell densities when the hypoxia treatment was introduced, inversely associated with the expression levels of EGFR. Altogether, hypoxia can decrease EGFR expression in some cell lines by enhancing autophagy at high cell density, leading to cell death and hypersensitivity to radiotherapy. This study may help to understand how hypoxia influences EGFR expression and radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Yinliang Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jinbao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Hongfu Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
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828
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Toeda Y, Kasamatsu A, Koike K, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Fushimi K, Kasama H, Yamano Y, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. FBLIM1 enhances oral cancer malignancy via modulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1690-1697. [PMID: 30129678 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filamin-binding LIM protein 1 (FBLIM1) is related to regulation of inflammatory responses, such as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis; however, the relevance of FBLIM1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the possible role of FBLIM1 in the carcinogenesis of OSCC. We analyzed FBLIM1 expression using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunoblot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of FBLIM1 were up-regulated significantly (P < 0.05) in OSCC-derived cell lines and primary OSCCs specimens compared with normal counterparts. FBLIM1 expression also was correlated with the primary tumoral size (P < 0.05) and vascular invasion (P < 0.05). We then assessed tumoral progression after treatment with FBLIM1 siRNA and clopidogrel, an antiplatelet agent. Similar to the FBLIM1 knockdown effect, clopidogrel-treated cells had attenuated functions of proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. Interestingly, clopidogrel treatment led to down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and FBLIM1. These findings identify FBLIM1 as a putative therapeutic target by using clopidogrel for inhibiting over activation of EGFR signaling to prevent OSCC malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Toeda
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Koike
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Fushimi
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kasama
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamano
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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829
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Papillomaviruses and Endocytic Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092619. [PMID: 30181457 PMCID: PMC6163501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking plays a major role in transport of incoming human papillomavirus (HPVs) from plasma membrane to the trans Golgi network (TGN) and ultimately into the nucleus. During this infectious entry, several cellular sorting factors are recruited by the viral capsid protein L2, which plays a critical role in ensuring successful transport of the L2/viral DNA complex to the nucleus. Later in the infection cycle, two viral oncoproteins, E5 and E6, have also been shown to modulate different aspects of endocytic transport pathways. In this review, we highlight how HPV makes use of and perturbs normal endocytic transport pathways, firstly to achieve infectious virus entry, secondly to produce productive infection and the completion of the viral life cycle and, finally, on rare occasions, to bring about the development of malignancy.
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830
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Liu B, Xing X, Li X, Guo Q, Xu T, Xu K. ZNF259 promotes breast cancer cells invasion and migration via ERK/GSK3β/snail signaling. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3159-3168. [PMID: 30214308 PMCID: PMC6126507 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s174745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Zinc finger protein 259 (ZNF259), also known as ZPR1, is a zinc finger-containing protein that can bind the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR. At present, our knowledge on ZNF259 in cancers is limited. Here, we aimed to explore the biological functions of ZNF259 in breast cancer and reveal their mechanisms. Patients and methods The expression of ZNF259 was measured in 133 cases of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. The online database Kaplan–Meier (KM) Plotter Online Tool was used to analyze the relationship between ZNF259 expression and breast cancer patient survival prognosis. Plasmid transfection and small interfering RNA and inhibitor treatments were carried out to explore the functions of ZNF259 in breast cancer cell lines and its potential mechanism. Matrigel invasion and wound healing assays were performed to detect the invasion and migration ability of cancer cells. In addition, protein expressions in tissues and cells were determined by Western blotting. Results ZNF259 expression was much higher in breast cancer cells than in the adjacent normal breast duct glandular epithelial cells (75.94% vs 7.52%, P<0.001) and was closely related to the breast cancer patients’ TNM stages (P=0.013) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.021). Knockdown of ZNF259 could downregulate p-ERK, p-GSK3β, and Snail expression, and upregulate the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1, and then it also inhibited invasion and migration by the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Correspondingly, ZNF259 transfection could upregulate p-ERK, p-GSK3β, and Snail expression, and downregulate E-cadherin and ZO-1 expression, which led to stronger invasion and migration abilities of cancer cells. Furthermore, the ERK inhibitor U0126 could reverse all these effects induced by ZNF259 transfection. Conclusion ZNF259 could promote breast cancer cell invasion and migration by activating the ERK/GSK3β/Snail signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Xing
- Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianxue Guo
- Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonghong Xu
- Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China,
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831
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Stochaj U, Rodríguez Burbano DC, Cooper DR, Kodiha M, Capobianco JA. The effects of lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles on cancer cell biomarkers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14464-14471. [PMID: 30022175 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (Ln-UCNPs) possess optical and physicochemical properties that are promising for the design of new theranostic platforms. This applies in particular to the treatment of cancer. Towards this goal, oleate-capped-NaLuF4:Tm3+(0.5%)/Yb3+(20%)/Gd3+(30%) with an average size of 35 nm ± 2 nm were synthesized by co-precipitation. Due to their hydrophobic surface, these Ln-UCNPs produced agglomerates under cell culture conditions. To assess the cellular response to Ln-UCNPs at the molecular level, we evaluated several key aspects of tumor cell physiology. Using cancer lines of different origins, we demonstrated Ln-UCNP dependent changes of cancer cell biomarkers. Multiple cellular components that regulate tumorigenesis and cancer cell homeostasis were affected. In particular, Ln-UCNPs reduced the abundance of hsp70s, elevated DNA damage, and diminished nucleolin and B23/nucleophosmin, proteins required for the assembly of ribosomes. Treatment with Ln-UCNPs also decreased the concentration of paxillin, a focal adhesion protein that is involved in directed cell migration. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor (EGFR) levels were decreased by Ln-UCNPs for most cancer cell lines examined. Taken together, we identified several potential cancer cell targets that were affected by Ln-UCNPs. Our work thereby provides the foundation to optimize Ln-UCNPs for the targeted killing of tumor cells.
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832
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The role of the EGFR signaling pathway in stem cell differentiation during planarian regeneration and homeostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:45-57. [PMID: 29775660 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling is essential for cells to adequately respond to their environment. One of the most evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways is that of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Transmembrane receptors with intracellular tyrosine kinase activity are activated by the binding of their corresponding ligands. This in turn activates a wide variety of intracellular cascades and induces the up- or downregulation of target genes, leading to a specific cellular response. Freshwater planarians are an excellent model in which to study the role of cell signaling in the context of stem-cell based regeneration. Owing to the presence of a population of pluripotent stem cells called neoblasts, these animals can regenerate the entire organism from a tiny piece of the body. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the planarian EGFR pathway. We describe the main components of the pathway and their functions in other animals, and focus in particular on receptors and ligands identified in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Moreover, we summarize current data on the function of some of these components during planarian regeneration and homeostasis. We hypothesize that the EGFR pathway may act as a key regulator of the terminal differentiation of distinct populations of lineage-committed progenitors.
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833
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Li W, Zheng Z, Chen H, Cai Y, Xie W. Knockdown of long non-coding RNA PVT1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7855-7863. [PMID: 29725475 PMCID: PMC5920359 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous years have witnessed the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer research. The lncRNA Pvt1 oncogene (non-protein coding) (PVT1) was revealed to be upregulated in various cancer types. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of PVT1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The expression of PVT1 in ccRCC was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and it was revealed that PVT1 expression was upregulated in ccRCC tissues compared with that in normal adjacent tissues. Next, PVT1 expression from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets was validated, and it was also revealed that the high expression of PVT1 was associated with advanced disease stage and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, the knockdown of PVT1 induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of poly ADP ribose polymerase and Bcl-2-associated X protein, and promoted cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase by decreasing the expression of cyclin D1. Study of the mechanism involved indicated that PVT1 promoted the progression of ccRCC partly through activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Altogether, the results of the present study suggested that PVT1 serves oncogenic functions and may be a biomarker and therapeutic target in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zaosong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Haicheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Cai
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Wenlian Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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834
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Abstract
Afatinib (BIBW 2992, US: GilotrifTM, other countries: Giotrif©) is an irreversible blocker of the ErbB family, acting at the tyrosine kinases of these proteins. In 2013, it was approved by the FDA and the EMA for the treatment of adults with advanced, EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Further investigations for the treatment of many other tumors with afatinib, e.g., HNSCC and breast cancer, are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Wecker
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius F Waller
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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